we'll+go+later

postĕrus or poster (not in use in nom. sing. masc.), a, um, adj.—Comp: posterior, us.— Sup.: postremus or postumus, a, um [post], coming after, following, next, ensuing, future.

Posit.:

cum ibi diem posterum commoraretur,

Cic. Clu. 13, 37:

in posterum diem distulit,

id. Deiot. 7, 21:

postero die mane,

id. Verr 2, 2, 17, § 41:

postero die, Sall J. 75, 9: posterā nocte,

Nep. Eum. 9, 4:

postero anno, Cic. Fragm. pro C. Cornel.: postera aetas,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 42:

lux,

id. S. 1, 5, 39:

posterā Crescam laude,

in the esteem of posterity, id. C. 3, 30, 7:

posteri dies,

unlucky, Non. 73, 32.— Hence,

Subst.: postĕri, ōrum, m., coming generations, descendants, posterity:

expetantur eae poenae a liberis, a nepotibus, a posteris,

Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 90:

posterūm gloria,

Tac. A. 3, 72:

postero, for postero die,

on the following day, next day, id. ib. 4, 45; cf.:

quam minimum credula postero,

Hor. C. 1, 11, 8: in posterum, for in posterum diem, to the following day, till the next day:

in posterum oppugnationem differt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 11.—More freq.: in posterum (sc. tempus), in the future, for the future:

in posterum confirmat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 3:

multum in posterum providerunt,

Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6; id. Fam. 1, 9, 2:

longe in posterum prospicere,

id. ib. 2, 8, 1.—

Trop., inferior (post-class.), Mart. Cap. 4, § 333.—

Comp.: postĕ-rĭor, postĕrĭus.

Lit., that comes or follows after, next in order, time, or place, latter, later, posterior (class.; strictly only when two objects or classes are contrasted in place or time;

opp.: prior, superior): ut cum priore (dicto) necessario posterius cohaerere videntur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 46, 86:

nec acumine posteriorum (oratorum), nec fulmine utens superiorum,

id. Or. 6, 21:

ea pertinere ad superiorem divisionem: contra posteriorem nihil dici oportere,

id. Ac. 2, 31, 99; 2, 30, 96; id. Off. 1, 20, 67:

posteriores pedes (opp.: pedes priores),

the hind feet, Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248; cf.:

genua,

id. 11, 45, 102, § 249:

pars prior apparet, posteriora latent,

Ov. F. 4, 718:

posteriores cogitationes,

afterthoughts, Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 5:

paria esse debent posteriora superioribus,

id. de Or. 3, 48, 186:

Thucy dides paulo aetate posterior,

id. Brut. 11, 48:

quod prius ordine verbum est, Posterius facias,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 59.—Sometimes added to other words of contrast:

alii... alii... tamen hi quoque posteriores, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 70:

cujus est ratio duplex... facilior est haec posterior... sed illa lautior,

id. Off. 2, 15, 52; cf. superior.—

Subst.

postĕ-rĭōres, um, m., for posteri, posterity (postclass.):

quemadmodum omnes cognati supra tritavum, generali appellatione majores vocantur, ita post trinepotem posteriores,

Dig. 38, 10, 10.—

postĕrĭōra, um, n., the posteriors (post-class.), Lampr Elag. 5. — Adv.: postĕrĭus, later, afterwards (class.):

posterius dicere,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 76:

posterius istuc dicis quam credo tibi,

i. e. I believe you before you speak, id. As. 1, 1, 48:

jubet posterius ad se reverti,

Cic. Verr 2, 4, 29, § 66:

Thucydides si posterius fuisset,

had he lived at a later period, id. Brut. 83, 288.—

Trop., inferior, of less account or value, worse (class.):

quorum utrique semper patriae salus et dignitas posterior suā dominatione et domesticis commodis fuit,

Cic. Att. 10, 4, 4; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:

suam salutem posteriorem communi salute ducere,

id. Rab. Perd. 1, 3:

nihil posterius, nihil nequius,

id. Pis. 27, 66 (al. protervius):

omnes res posteriores pono atque operam do tibi,

I lay every thing aside, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 7: non posteriores feram, I will not play the meanest part, I shall not be behindhand, Ter Ad. 5, 4, 26; cf.:

cujus sic fortuna cum improbitate certavit, ut nemo posset utrum posterior an infelicior esset judicare,

Cic. Prov Cons. 4, 8 fin. —

Sup, in two forms, postrēmus and postŭmus, a, um.

postrēmus, a, um, the hindmost, the last (class.):

alia prima ponet, alia postrema,

last, Cic. Or 15, 50:

acies,

the rear, Sall. J. 101, 5:

in agmine in primis modo, modo in postremis adesse,

now in the front, now in the rear, id. ib. 45, 2: postremā in comoediā, at the end of the piece, Plaut. Cist. fin.:

in postremo libro,

at the close of the book, Just. 43, 5:

mense postremo,

Pall. 7, 2:

munus, i. e. exsequiae,

the last honors, Cat. 101, 3:

nec postrema cura,

not the last, least, Verg. G. 3, 404; cf.:

non in postremis, i. e. in primis,

especially, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 17.— postrēmō, adv., at last, finally (class.), Caes. B. G. 7, 1:

omnes urbes, agri, regna denique, postremo etiam vectigalia vestra venierint,

Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 62:

primum... deinde... postremo: denique... postremo,

id. N. D. 1, 37, 104; Hor. S. 2, 2, 132: ad postremum, at last, finally, ultimately:

sed ad postremum nihil apparet,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 23; Sall. Fragm. ap. Aug. Civ. Dei, 3, 17; Liv. 38, 16; Hirt. B. G. 8, 43: postremum, for the last time:

si id facis, hodie postremum me vides, Ter And. 2, 1, 22: in quo (vestigio) ille postremum institisset,

Cic. de Or. 3, 2, 6: postremum, at last:

postremum mel et acetum superfundes,

Pall. 12, 22.—

Trop., the last, lowest, basest, meanest, worst (class.):

postremum genus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22: ut homines postremi pecuniis alienis locupletarentur, id. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:

servitus postremum malorum omnium,

id. Phil. 2, 44, 113.—Hence, ante- and post-class., a new comp. postremior, and sup. postremissimus:

ut possit videri nullum animal in terris homine postremius,

App. de Deo Socr. p. 43 fin.: omnium nationum postremissimum nequissimumque existimatote, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 15, 12, 3:

cum adulescentulis postremissimis,

App. Mag. p. 336.—

po-stŭmus (acc. to an erroneous derivation, from post - humus, sometimes also post-humus), a, um, the last, said esp. of the youngest children, or of those born after the father's death, or after he had made his will, late-born, posthumous:

Silvius... tua postuma proles, Quem tibi longaevo serum Lavinia conjux Educet silvis,

late-born son, Verg. A. 6, 763; cf. with this passage: postuma proles non eum significat, qui patre mortuo, sed qui postremo loco natus est, sicuti Silvius, qui Aeneā jam sene, tardo seroque partu est editus, Caesellius Vindex ap. Gell. 2, 16, 5.—On the other hand:

is, qui post patris mortem natus est, dicitur postumus,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.; and:

postumus cognominatur post patris mortem natus,

Fest. p. 238 Müll.; Plaut. ap. Fest. l. l.—As subst.: postŭmus, i, m., a posthumous child:

non minus postumis quam jam natis testamento tutores dari posse,

Gai. Inst. 1, 147:

si quis postumis dederit tutores, hique vivo eo nascantur, an datio valeat?

Dig. 26, 2, 16 fin.:

postuma spes,

the last, App. M. 4, p. 144, 26:

suscipit doctrinam seram plane et postumam,

id. Mag. p. 297, 23:

cena quam postumā diligentiā praeparaverat,

with extreme care, id. M. 6, p. 186, 25.—

Subst.: postŭmum, i, n., that which is last, the end, extremity:

de postumo corporis,

Tert. adv. Gnost. 1.

postĕrus or poster (not in use in nom. sing. masc.), a, um, adj.—Comp: posterior, us.— Sup.: postremus or postumus, a, um [post], coming after, following, next, ensuing, future.

Posit.:

cum ibi diem posterum commoraretur,

Cic. Clu. 13, 37:

in posterum diem distulit,

id. Deiot. 7, 21:

postero die mane,

id. Verr 2, 2, 17, § 41:

postero die, Sall J. 75, 9: posterā nocte,

Nep. Eum. 9, 4:

postero anno, Cic. Fragm. pro C. Cornel.: postera aetas,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 42:

lux,

id. S. 1, 5, 39:

posterā Crescam laude,

in the esteem of posterity, id. C. 3, 30, 7:

posteri dies,

unlucky, Non. 73, 32.— Hence,

Subst.: postĕri, ōrum, m., coming generations, descendants, posterity:

expetantur eae poenae a liberis, a nepotibus, a posteris,

Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 90:

posterūm gloria,

Tac. A. 3, 72:

postero, for postero die,

on the following day, next day, id. ib. 4, 45; cf.:

quam minimum credula postero,

Hor. C. 1, 11, 8: in posterum, for in posterum diem, to the following day, till the next day:

in posterum oppugnationem differt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 11.—More freq.: in posterum (sc. tempus), in the future, for the future:

in posterum confirmat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 3:

multum in posterum providerunt,

Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6; id. Fam. 1, 9, 2:

longe in posterum prospicere,

id. ib. 2, 8, 1.—

Trop., inferior (post-class.), Mart. Cap. 4, § 333.—

Comp.: postĕ-rĭor, postĕrĭus.

Lit., that comes or follows after, next in order, time, or place, latter, later, posterior (class.; strictly only when two objects or classes are contrasted in place or time;

opp.: prior, superior): ut cum priore (dicto) necessario posterius cohaerere videntur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 46, 86:

nec acumine posteriorum (oratorum), nec fulmine utens superiorum,

id. Or. 6, 21:

ea pertinere ad superiorem divisionem: contra posteriorem nihil dici oportere,

id. Ac. 2, 31, 99; 2, 30, 96; id. Off. 1, 20, 67:

posteriores pedes (opp.: pedes priores),

the hind feet, Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248; cf.:

genua,

id. 11, 45, 102, § 249:

pars prior apparet, posteriora latent,

Ov. F. 4, 718:

posteriores cogitationes,

afterthoughts, Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 5:

paria esse debent posteriora superioribus,

id. de Or. 3, 48, 186:

Thucy dides paulo aetate posterior,

id. Brut. 11, 48:

quod prius ordine verbum est, Posterius facias,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 59.—Sometimes added to other words of contrast:

alii... alii... tamen hi quoque posteriores, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 70:

cujus est ratio duplex... facilior est haec posterior... sed illa lautior,

id. Off. 2, 15, 52; cf. superior.—

Subst.

postĕ-rĭōres, um, m., for posteri, posterity (postclass.):

quemadmodum omnes cognati supra tritavum, generali appellatione majores vocantur, ita post trinepotem posteriores,

Dig. 38, 10, 10.—

postĕrĭōra, um, n., the posteriors (post-class.), Lampr Elag. 5. — Adv.: postĕrĭus, later, afterwards (class.):

posterius dicere,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 76:

posterius istuc dicis quam credo tibi,

i. e. I believe you before you speak, id. As. 1, 1, 48:

jubet posterius ad se reverti,

Cic. Verr 2, 4, 29, § 66:

Thucydides si posterius fuisset,

had he lived at a later period, id. Brut. 83, 288.—

Trop., inferior, of less account or value, worse (class.):

quorum utrique semper patriae salus et dignitas posterior suā dominatione et domesticis commodis fuit,

Cic. Att. 10, 4, 4; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:

suam salutem posteriorem communi salute ducere,

id. Rab. Perd. 1, 3:

nihil posterius, nihil nequius,

id. Pis. 27, 66 (al. protervius):

omnes res posteriores pono atque operam do tibi,

I lay every thing aside, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 7: non posteriores feram, I will not play the meanest part, I shall not be behindhand, Ter Ad. 5, 4, 26; cf.:

cujus sic fortuna cum improbitate certavit, ut nemo posset utrum posterior an infelicior esset judicare,

Cic. Prov Cons. 4, 8 fin. —

Sup, in two forms, postrēmus and postŭmus, a, um.

postrēmus, a, um, the hindmost, the last (class.):

alia prima ponet, alia postrema,

last, Cic. Or 15, 50:

acies,

the rear, Sall. J. 101, 5:

in agmine in primis modo, modo in postremis adesse,

now in the front, now in the rear, id. ib. 45, 2: postremā in comoediā, at the end of the piece, Plaut. Cist. fin.:

in postremo libro,

at the close of the book, Just. 43, 5:

mense postremo,

Pall. 7, 2:

munus, i. e. exsequiae,

the last honors, Cat. 101, 3:

nec postrema cura,

not the last, least, Verg. G. 3, 404; cf.:

non in postremis, i. e. in primis,

especially, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 17.— postrēmō, adv., at last, finally (class.), Caes. B. G. 7, 1:

omnes urbes, agri, regna denique, postremo etiam vectigalia vestra venierint,

Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 62:

primum... deinde... postremo: denique... postremo,

id. N. D. 1, 37, 104; Hor. S. 2, 2, 132: ad postremum, at last, finally, ultimately:

sed ad postremum nihil apparet,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 23; Sall. Fragm. ap. Aug. Civ. Dei, 3, 17; Liv. 38, 16; Hirt. B. G. 8, 43: postremum, for the last time:

si id facis, hodie postremum me vides, Ter And. 2, 1, 22: in quo (vestigio) ille postremum institisset,

Cic. de Or. 3, 2, 6: postremum, at last:

postremum mel et acetum superfundes,

Pall. 12, 22.—

Trop., the last, lowest, basest, meanest, worst (class.):

postremum genus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22: ut homines postremi pecuniis alienis locupletarentur, id. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:

servitus postremum malorum omnium,

id. Phil. 2, 44, 113.—Hence, ante- and post-class., a new comp. postremior, and sup. postremissimus:

ut possit videri nullum animal in terris homine postremius,

App. de Deo Socr. p. 43 fin.: omnium nationum postremissimum nequissimumque existimatote, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 15, 12, 3:

cum adulescentulis postremissimis,

App. Mag. p. 336.—

po-stŭmus (acc. to an erroneous derivation, from post - humus, sometimes also post-humus), a, um, the last, said esp. of the youngest children, or of those born after the father's death, or after he had made his will, late-born, posthumous:

Silvius... tua postuma proles, Quem tibi longaevo serum Lavinia conjux Educet silvis,

late-born son, Verg. A. 6, 763; cf. with this passage: postuma proles non eum significat, qui patre mortuo, sed qui postremo loco natus est, sicuti Silvius, qui Aeneā jam sene, tardo seroque partu est editus, Caesellius Vindex ap. Gell. 2, 16, 5.—On the other hand:

is, qui post patris mortem natus est, dicitur postumus,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.; and:

postumus cognominatur post patris mortem natus,

Fest. p. 238 Müll.; Plaut. ap. Fest. l. l.—As subst.: postŭmus, i, m., a posthumous child:

non minus postumis quam jam natis testamento tutores dari posse,

Gai. Inst. 1, 147:

si quis postumis dederit tutores, hique vivo eo nascantur, an datio valeat?

Dig. 26, 2, 16 fin.:

postuma spes,

the last, App. M. 4, p. 144, 26:

suscipit doctrinam seram plane et postumam,

id. Mag. p. 297, 23:

cena quam postumā diligentiā praeparaverat,

with extreme care, id. M. 6, p. 186, 25.—

Subst.: postŭmum, i, n., that which is last, the end, extremity:

de postumo corporis,

Tert. adv. Gnost. 1.

postĕrus or poster (not in use in nom. sing. masc.), a, um, adj.—Comp: posterior, us.— Sup.: postremus or postumus, a, um [post], coming after, following, next, ensuing, future.

Posit.:

cum ibi diem posterum commoraretur,

Cic. Clu. 13, 37:

in posterum diem distulit,

id. Deiot. 7, 21:

postero die mane,

id. Verr 2, 2, 17, § 41:

postero die, Sall J. 75, 9: posterā nocte,

Nep. Eum. 9, 4:

postero anno, Cic. Fragm. pro C. Cornel.: postera aetas,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 42:

lux,

id. S. 1, 5, 39:

posterā Crescam laude,

in the esteem of posterity, id. C. 3, 30, 7:

posteri dies,

unlucky, Non. 73, 32.— Hence,

Subst.: postĕri, ōrum, m., coming generations, descendants, posterity:

expetantur eae poenae a liberis, a nepotibus, a posteris,

Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 90:

posterūm gloria,

Tac. A. 3, 72:

postero, for postero die,

on the following day, next day, id. ib. 4, 45; cf.:

quam minimum credula postero,

Hor. C. 1, 11, 8: in posterum, for in posterum diem, to the following day, till the next day:

in posterum oppugnationem differt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 11.—More freq.: in posterum (sc. tempus), in the future, for the future:

in posterum confirmat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 3:

multum in posterum providerunt,

Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6; id. Fam. 1, 9, 2:

longe in posterum prospicere,

id. ib. 2, 8, 1.—

Trop., inferior (post-class.), Mart. Cap. 4, § 333.—

Comp.: postĕ-rĭor, postĕrĭus.

Lit., that comes or follows after, next in order, time, or place, latter, later, posterior (class.; strictly only when two objects or classes are contrasted in place or time;

opp.: prior, superior): ut cum priore (dicto) necessario posterius cohaerere videntur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 46, 86:

nec acumine posteriorum (oratorum), nec fulmine utens superiorum,

id. Or. 6, 21:

ea pertinere ad superiorem divisionem: contra posteriorem nihil dici oportere,

id. Ac. 2, 31, 99; 2, 30, 96; id. Off. 1, 20, 67:

posteriores pedes (opp.: pedes priores),

the hind feet, Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248; cf.:

genua,

id. 11, 45, 102, § 249:

pars prior apparet, posteriora latent,

Ov. F. 4, 718:

posteriores cogitationes,

afterthoughts, Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 5:

paria esse debent posteriora superioribus,

id. de Or. 3, 48, 186:

Thucy dides paulo aetate posterior,

id. Brut. 11, 48:

quod prius ordine verbum est, Posterius facias,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 59.—Sometimes added to other words of contrast:

alii... alii... tamen hi quoque posteriores, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 70:

cujus est ratio duplex... facilior est haec posterior... sed illa lautior,

id. Off. 2, 15, 52; cf. superior.—

Subst.

postĕ-rĭōres, um, m., for posteri, posterity (postclass.):

quemadmodum omnes cognati supra tritavum, generali appellatione majores vocantur, ita post trinepotem posteriores,

Dig. 38, 10, 10.—

postĕrĭōra, um, n., the posteriors (post-class.), Lampr Elag. 5. — Adv.: postĕrĭus, later, afterwards (class.):

posterius dicere,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 76:

posterius istuc dicis quam credo tibi,

i. e. I believe you before you speak, id. As. 1, 1, 48:

jubet posterius ad se reverti,

Cic. Verr 2, 4, 29, § 66:

Thucydides si posterius fuisset,

had he lived at a later period, id. Brut. 83, 288.—

Trop., inferior, of less account or value, worse (class.):

quorum utrique semper patriae salus et dignitas posterior suā dominatione et domesticis commodis fuit,

Cic. Att. 10, 4, 4; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:

suam salutem posteriorem communi salute ducere,

id. Rab. Perd. 1, 3:

nihil posterius, nihil nequius,

id. Pis. 27, 66 (al. protervius):

omnes res posteriores pono atque operam do tibi,

I lay every thing aside, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 7: non posteriores feram, I will not play the meanest part, I shall not be behindhand, Ter Ad. 5, 4, 26; cf.:

cujus sic fortuna cum improbitate certavit, ut nemo posset utrum posterior an infelicior esset judicare,

Cic. Prov Cons. 4, 8 fin. —

Sup, in two forms, postrēmus and postŭmus, a, um.

postrēmus, a, um, the hindmost, the last (class.):

alia prima ponet, alia postrema,

last, Cic. Or 15, 50:

acies,

the rear, Sall. J. 101, 5:

in agmine in primis modo, modo in postremis adesse,

now in the front, now in the rear, id. ib. 45, 2: postremā in comoediā, at the end of the piece, Plaut. Cist. fin.:

in postremo libro,

at the close of the book, Just. 43, 5:

mense postremo,

Pall. 7, 2:

munus, i. e. exsequiae,

the last honors, Cat. 101, 3:

nec postrema cura,

not the last, least, Verg. G. 3, 404; cf.:

non in postremis, i. e. in primis,

especially, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 17.— postrēmō, adv., at last, finally (class.), Caes. B. G. 7, 1:

omnes urbes, agri, regna denique, postremo etiam vectigalia vestra venierint,

Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 62:

primum... deinde... postremo: denique... postremo,

id. N. D. 1, 37, 104; Hor. S. 2, 2, 132: ad postremum, at last, finally, ultimately:

sed ad postremum nihil apparet,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 23; Sall. Fragm. ap. Aug. Civ. Dei, 3, 17; Liv. 38, 16; Hirt. B. G. 8, 43: postremum, for the last time:

si id facis, hodie postremum me vides, Ter And. 2, 1, 22: in quo (vestigio) ille postremum institisset,

Cic. de Or. 3, 2, 6: postremum, at last:

postremum mel et acetum superfundes,

Pall. 12, 22.—

Trop., the last, lowest, basest, meanest, worst (class.):

postremum genus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22: ut homines postremi pecuniis alienis locupletarentur, id. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:

servitus postremum malorum omnium,

id. Phil. 2, 44, 113.—Hence, ante- and post-class., a new comp. postremior, and sup. postremissimus:

ut possit videri nullum animal in terris homine postremius,

App. de Deo Socr. p. 43 fin.: omnium nationum postremissimum nequissimumque existimatote, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 15, 12, 3:

cum adulescentulis postremissimis,

App. Mag. p. 336.—

po-stŭmus (acc. to an erroneous derivation, from post - humus, sometimes also post-humus), a, um, the last, said esp. of the youngest children, or of those born after the father's death, or after he had made his will, late-born, posthumous:

Silvius... tua postuma proles, Quem tibi longaevo serum Lavinia conjux Educet silvis,

late-born son, Verg. A. 6, 763; cf. with this passage: postuma proles non eum significat, qui patre mortuo, sed qui postremo loco natus est, sicuti Silvius, qui Aeneā jam sene, tardo seroque partu est editus, Caesellius Vindex ap. Gell. 2, 16, 5.—On the other hand:

is, qui post patris mortem natus est, dicitur postumus,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.; and:

postumus cognominatur post patris mortem natus,

Fest. p. 238 Müll.; Plaut. ap. Fest. l. l.—As subst.: postŭmus, i, m., a posthumous child:

non minus postumis quam jam natis testamento tutores dari posse,

Gai. Inst. 1, 147:

si quis postumis dederit tutores, hique vivo eo nascantur, an datio valeat?

Dig. 26, 2, 16 fin.:

postuma spes,

the last, App. M. 4, p. 144, 26:

suscipit doctrinam seram plane et postumam,

id. Mag. p. 297, 23:

cena quam postumā diligentiā praeparaverat,

with extreme care, id. M. 6, p. 186, 25.—

Subst.: postŭmum, i, n., that which is last, the end, extremity:

de postumo corporis,

Tert. adv. Gnost. 1.

postĕrus or poster (not in use in nom. sing. masc.), a, um, adj.—Comp: posterior, us.— Sup.: postremus or postumus, a, um [post], coming after, following, next, ensuing, future.

Posit.:

cum ibi diem posterum commoraretur,

Cic. Clu. 13, 37:

in posterum diem distulit,

id. Deiot. 7, 21:

postero die mane,

id. Verr 2, 2, 17, § 41:

postero die, Sall J. 75, 9: posterā nocte,

Nep. Eum. 9, 4:

postero anno, Cic. Fragm. pro C. Cornel.: postera aetas,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 42:

lux,

id. S. 1, 5, 39:

posterā Crescam laude,

in the esteem of posterity, id. C. 3, 30, 7:

posteri dies,

unlucky, Non. 73, 32.— Hence,

Subst.: postĕri, ōrum, m., coming generations, descendants, posterity:

expetantur eae poenae a liberis, a nepotibus, a posteris,

Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 90:

posterūm gloria,

Tac. A. 3, 72:

postero, for postero die,

on the following day, next day, id. ib. 4, 45; cf.:

quam minimum credula postero,

Hor. C. 1, 11, 8: in posterum, for in posterum diem, to the following day, till the next day:

in posterum oppugnationem differt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 11.—More freq.: in posterum (sc. tempus), in the future, for the future:

in posterum confirmat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 3:

multum in posterum providerunt,

Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6; id. Fam. 1, 9, 2:

longe in posterum prospicere,

id. ib. 2, 8, 1.—

Trop., inferior (post-class.), Mart. Cap. 4, § 333.—

Comp.: postĕ-rĭor, postĕrĭus.

Lit., that comes or follows after, next in order, time, or place, latter, later, posterior (class.; strictly only when two objects or classes are contrasted in place or time;

opp.: prior, superior): ut cum priore (dicto) necessario posterius cohaerere videntur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 46, 86:

nec acumine posteriorum (oratorum), nec fulmine utens superiorum,

id. Or. 6, 21:

ea pertinere ad superiorem divisionem: contra posteriorem nihil dici oportere,

id. Ac. 2, 31, 99; 2, 30, 96; id. Off. 1, 20, 67:

posteriores pedes (opp.: pedes priores),

the hind feet, Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248; cf.:

genua,

id. 11, 45, 102, § 249:

pars prior apparet, posteriora latent,

Ov. F. 4, 718:

posteriores cogitationes,

afterthoughts, Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 5:

paria esse debent posteriora superioribus,

id. de Or. 3, 48, 186:

Thucy dides paulo aetate posterior,

id. Brut. 11, 48:

quod prius ordine verbum est, Posterius facias,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 59.—Sometimes added to other words of contrast:

alii... alii... tamen hi quoque posteriores, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 70:

cujus est ratio duplex... facilior est haec posterior... sed illa lautior,

id. Off. 2, 15, 52; cf. superior.—

Subst.

postĕ-rĭōres, um, m., for posteri, posterity (postclass.):

quemadmodum omnes cognati supra tritavum, generali appellatione majores vocantur, ita post trinepotem posteriores,

Dig. 38, 10, 10.—

postĕrĭōra, um, n., the posteriors (post-class.), Lampr Elag. 5. — Adv.: postĕrĭus, later, afterwards (class.):

posterius dicere,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 76:

posterius istuc dicis quam credo tibi,

i. e. I believe you before you speak, id. As. 1, 1, 48:

jubet posterius ad se reverti,

Cic. Verr 2, 4, 29, § 66:

Thucydides si posterius fuisset,

had he lived at a later period, id. Brut. 83, 288.—

Trop., inferior, of less account or value, worse (class.):

quorum utrique semper patriae salus et dignitas posterior suā dominatione et domesticis commodis fuit,

Cic. Att. 10, 4, 4; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:

suam salutem posteriorem communi salute ducere,

id. Rab. Perd. 1, 3:

nihil posterius, nihil nequius,

id. Pis. 27, 66 (al. protervius):

omnes res posteriores pono atque operam do tibi,

I lay every thing aside, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 7: non posteriores feram, I will not play the meanest part, I shall not be behindhand, Ter Ad. 5, 4, 26; cf.:

cujus sic fortuna cum improbitate certavit, ut nemo posset utrum posterior an infelicior esset judicare,

Cic. Prov Cons. 4, 8 fin. —

Sup, in two forms, postrēmus and postŭmus, a, um.

postrēmus, a, um, the hindmost, the last (class.):

alia prima ponet, alia postrema,

last, Cic. Or 15, 50:

acies,

the rear, Sall. J. 101, 5:

in agmine in primis modo, modo in postremis adesse,

now in the front, now in the rear, id. ib. 45, 2: postremā in comoediā, at the end of the piece, Plaut. Cist. fin.:

in postremo libro,

at the close of the book, Just. 43, 5:

mense postremo,

Pall. 7, 2:

munus, i. e. exsequiae,

the last honors, Cat. 101, 3:

nec postrema cura,

not the last, least, Verg. G. 3, 404; cf.:

non in postremis, i. e. in primis,

especially, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 17.— postrēmō, adv., at last, finally (class.), Caes. B. G. 7, 1:

omnes urbes, agri, regna denique, postremo etiam vectigalia vestra venierint,

Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 62:

primum... deinde... postremo: denique... postremo,

id. N. D. 1, 37, 104; Hor. S. 2, 2, 132: ad postremum, at last, finally, ultimately:

sed ad postremum nihil apparet,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 23; Sall. Fragm. ap. Aug. Civ. Dei, 3, 17; Liv. 38, 16; Hirt. B. G. 8, 43: postremum, for the last time:

si id facis, hodie postremum me vides, Ter And. 2, 1, 22: in quo (vestigio) ille postremum institisset,

Cic. de Or. 3, 2, 6: postremum, at last:

postremum mel et acetum superfundes,

Pall. 12, 22.—

Trop., the last, lowest, basest, meanest, worst (class.):

postremum genus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22: ut homines postremi pecuniis alienis locupletarentur, id. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:

servitus postremum malorum omnium,

id. Phil. 2, 44, 113.—Hence, ante- and post-class., a new comp. postremior, and sup. postremissimus:

ut possit videri nullum animal in terris homine postremius,

App. de Deo Socr. p. 43 fin.: omnium nationum postremissimum nequissimumque existimatote, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 15, 12, 3:

cum adulescentulis postremissimis,

App. Mag. p. 336.—

po-stŭmus (acc. to an erroneous derivation, from post - humus, sometimes also post-humus), a, um, the last, said esp. of the youngest children, or of those born after the father's death, or after he had made his will, late-born, posthumous:

Silvius... tua postuma proles, Quem tibi longaevo serum Lavinia conjux Educet silvis,

late-born son, Verg. A. 6, 763; cf. with this passage: postuma proles non eum significat, qui patre mortuo, sed qui postremo loco natus est, sicuti Silvius, qui Aeneā jam sene, tardo seroque partu est editus, Caesellius Vindex ap. Gell. 2, 16, 5.—On the other hand:

is, qui post patris mortem natus est, dicitur postumus,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.; and:

postumus cognominatur post patris mortem natus,

Fest. p. 238 Müll.; Plaut. ap. Fest. l. l.—As subst.: postŭmus, i, m., a posthumous child:

non minus postumis quam jam natis testamento tutores dari posse,

Gai. Inst. 1, 147:

si quis postumis dederit tutores, hique vivo eo nascantur, an datio valeat?

Dig. 26, 2, 16 fin.:

postuma spes,

the last, App. M. 4, p. 144, 26:

suscipit doctrinam seram plane et postumam,

id. Mag. p. 297, 23:

cena quam postumā diligentiā praeparaverat,

with extreme care, id. M. 6, p. 186, 25.—

Subst.: postŭmum, i, n., that which is last, the end, extremity:

de postumo corporis,

Tert. adv. Gnost. 1.

postĕrus or poster (not in use in nom. sing. masc.), a, um, adj.—Comp: posterior, us.— Sup.: postremus or postumus, a, um [post], coming after, following, next, ensuing, future.

Posit.:

cum ibi diem posterum commoraretur,

Cic. Clu. 13, 37:

in posterum diem distulit,

id. Deiot. 7, 21:

postero die mane,

id. Verr 2, 2, 17, § 41:

postero die, Sall J. 75, 9: posterā nocte,

Nep. Eum. 9, 4:

postero anno, Cic. Fragm. pro C. Cornel.: postera aetas,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 42:

lux,

id. S. 1, 5, 39:

posterā Crescam laude,

in the esteem of posterity, id. C. 3, 30, 7:

posteri dies,

unlucky, Non. 73, 32.— Hence,

Subst.: postĕri, ōrum, m., coming generations, descendants, posterity:

expetantur eae poenae a liberis, a nepotibus, a posteris,

Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 90:

posterūm gloria,

Tac. A. 3, 72:

postero, for postero die,

on the following day, next day, id. ib. 4, 45; cf.:

quam minimum credula postero,

Hor. C. 1, 11, 8: in posterum, for in posterum diem, to the following day, till the next day:

in posterum oppugnationem differt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 11.—More freq.: in posterum (sc. tempus), in the future, for the future:

in posterum confirmat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 3:

multum in posterum providerunt,

Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6; id. Fam. 1, 9, 2:

longe in posterum prospicere,

id. ib. 2, 8, 1.—

Trop., inferior (post-class.), Mart. Cap. 4, § 333.—

Comp.: postĕ-rĭor, postĕrĭus.

Lit., that comes or follows after, next in order, time, or place, latter, later, posterior (class.; strictly only when two objects or classes are contrasted in place or time;

opp.: prior, superior): ut cum priore (dicto) necessario posterius cohaerere videntur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 46, 86:

nec acumine posteriorum (oratorum), nec fulmine utens superiorum,

id. Or. 6, 21:

ea pertinere ad superiorem divisionem: contra posteriorem nihil dici oportere,

id. Ac. 2, 31, 99; 2, 30, 96; id. Off. 1, 20, 67:

posteriores pedes (opp.: pedes priores),

the hind feet, Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248; cf.:

genua,

id. 11, 45, 102, § 249:

pars prior apparet, posteriora latent,

Ov. F. 4, 718:

posteriores cogitationes,

afterthoughts, Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 5:

paria esse debent posteriora superioribus,

id. de Or. 3, 48, 186:

Thucy dides paulo aetate posterior,

id. Brut. 11, 48:

quod prius ordine verbum est, Posterius facias,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 59.—Sometimes added to other words of contrast:

alii... alii... tamen hi quoque posteriores, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 70:

cujus est ratio duplex... facilior est haec posterior... sed illa lautior,

id. Off. 2, 15, 52; cf. superior.—

Subst.

postĕ-rĭōres, um, m., for posteri, posterity (postclass.):

quemadmodum omnes cognati supra tritavum, generali appellatione majores vocantur, ita post trinepotem posteriores,

Dig. 38, 10, 10.—

postĕrĭōra, um, n., the posteriors (post-class.), Lampr Elag. 5. — Adv.: postĕrĭus, later, afterwards (class.):

posterius dicere,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 76:

posterius istuc dicis quam credo tibi,

i. e. I believe you before you speak, id. As. 1, 1, 48:

jubet posterius ad se reverti,

Cic. Verr 2, 4, 29, § 66:

Thucydides si posterius fuisset,

had he lived at a later period, id. Brut. 83, 288.—

Trop., inferior, of less account or value, worse (class.):

quorum utrique semper patriae salus et dignitas posterior suā dominatione et domesticis commodis fuit,

Cic. Att. 10, 4, 4; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:

suam salutem posteriorem communi salute ducere,

id. Rab. Perd. 1, 3:

nihil posterius, nihil nequius,

id. Pis. 27, 66 (al. protervius):

omnes res posteriores pono atque operam do tibi,

I lay every thing aside, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 7: non posteriores feram, I will not play the meanest part, I shall not be behindhand, Ter Ad. 5, 4, 26; cf.:

cujus sic fortuna cum improbitate certavit, ut nemo posset utrum posterior an infelicior esset judicare,

Cic. Prov Cons. 4, 8 fin. —

Sup, in two forms, postrēmus and postŭmus, a, um.

postrēmus, a, um, the hindmost, the last (class.):

alia prima ponet, alia postrema,

last, Cic. Or 15, 50:

acies,

the rear, Sall. J. 101, 5:

in agmine in primis modo, modo in postremis adesse,

now in the front, now in the rear, id. ib. 45, 2: postremā in comoediā, at the end of the piece, Plaut. Cist. fin.:

in postremo libro,

at the close of the book, Just. 43, 5:

mense postremo,

Pall. 7, 2:

munus, i. e. exsequiae,

the last honors, Cat. 101, 3:

nec postrema cura,

not the last, least, Verg. G. 3, 404; cf.:

non in postremis, i. e. in primis,

especially, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 17.— postrēmō, adv., at last, finally (class.), Caes. B. G. 7, 1:

omnes urbes, agri, regna denique, postremo etiam vectigalia vestra venierint,

Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 62:

primum... deinde... postremo: denique... postremo,

id. N. D. 1, 37, 104; Hor. S. 2, 2, 132: ad postremum, at last, finally, ultimately:

sed ad postremum nihil apparet,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 23; Sall. Fragm. ap. Aug. Civ. Dei, 3, 17; Liv. 38, 16; Hirt. B. G. 8, 43: postremum, for the last time:

si id facis, hodie postremum me vides, Ter And. 2, 1, 22: in quo (vestigio) ille postremum institisset,

Cic. de Or. 3, 2, 6: postremum, at last:

postremum mel et acetum superfundes,

Pall. 12, 22.—

Trop., the last, lowest, basest, meanest, worst (class.):

postremum genus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22: ut homines postremi pecuniis alienis locupletarentur, id. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:

servitus postremum malorum omnium,

id. Phil. 2, 44, 113.—Hence, ante- and post-class., a new comp. postremior, and sup. postremissimus:

ut possit videri nullum animal in terris homine postremius,

App. de Deo Socr. p. 43 fin.: omnium nationum postremissimum nequissimumque existimatote, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 15, 12, 3:

cum adulescentulis postremissimis,

App. Mag. p. 336.—

po-stŭmus (acc. to an erroneous derivation, from post - humus, sometimes also post-humus), a, um, the last, said esp. of the youngest children, or of those born after the father's death, or after he had made his will, late-born, posthumous:

Silvius... tua postuma proles, Quem tibi longaevo serum Lavinia conjux Educet silvis,

late-born son, Verg. A. 6, 763; cf. with this passage: postuma proles non eum significat, qui patre mortuo, sed qui postremo loco natus est, sicuti Silvius, qui Aeneā jam sene, tardo seroque partu est editus, Caesellius Vindex ap. Gell. 2, 16, 5.—On the other hand:

is, qui post patris mortem natus est, dicitur postumus,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.; and:

postumus cognominatur post patris mortem natus,

Fest. p. 238 Müll.; Plaut. ap. Fest. l. l.—As subst.: postŭmus, i, m., a posthumous child:

non minus postumis quam jam natis testamento tutores dari posse,

Gai. Inst. 1, 147:

si quis postumis dederit tutores, hique vivo eo nascantur, an datio valeat?

Dig. 26, 2, 16 fin.:

postuma spes,

the last, App. M. 4, p. 144, 26:

suscipit doctrinam seram plane et postumam,

id. Mag. p. 297, 23:

cena quam postumā diligentiā praeparaverat,

with extreme care, id. M. 6, p. 186, 25.—

Subst.: postŭmum, i, n., that which is last, the end, extremity:

de postumo corporis,

Tert. adv. Gnost. 1.

postĕrus or poster (not in use in nom. sing. masc.), a, um, adj.—Comp: posterior, us.— Sup.: postremus or postumus, a, um [post], coming after, following, next, ensuing, future.

Posit.:

cum ibi diem posterum commoraretur,

Cic. Clu. 13, 37:

in posterum diem distulit,

id. Deiot. 7, 21:

postero die mane,

id. Verr 2, 2, 17, § 41:

postero die, Sall J. 75, 9: posterā nocte,

Nep. Eum. 9, 4:

postero anno, Cic. Fragm. pro C. Cornel.: postera aetas,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 42:

lux,

id. S. 1, 5, 39:

posterā Crescam laude,

in the esteem of posterity, id. C. 3, 30, 7:

posteri dies,

unlucky, Non. 73, 32.— Hence,

Subst.: postĕri, ōrum, m., coming generations, descendants, posterity:

expetantur eae poenae a liberis, a nepotibus, a posteris,

Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 90:

posterūm gloria,

Tac. A. 3, 72:

postero, for postero die,

on the following day, next day, id. ib. 4, 45; cf.:

quam minimum credula postero,

Hor. C. 1, 11, 8: in posterum, for in posterum diem, to the following day, till the next day:

in posterum oppugnationem differt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 11.—More freq.: in posterum (sc. tempus), in the future, for the future:

in posterum confirmat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 3:

multum in posterum providerunt,

Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6; id. Fam. 1, 9, 2:

longe in posterum prospicere,

id. ib. 2, 8, 1.—

Trop., inferior (post-class.), Mart. Cap. 4, § 333.—

Comp.: postĕ-rĭor, postĕrĭus.

Lit., that comes or follows after, next in order, time, or place, latter, later, posterior (class.; strictly only when two objects or classes are contrasted in place or time;

opp.: prior, superior): ut cum priore (dicto) necessario posterius cohaerere videntur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 46, 86:

nec acumine posteriorum (oratorum), nec fulmine utens superiorum,

id. Or. 6, 21:

ea pertinere ad superiorem divisionem: contra posteriorem nihil dici oportere,

id. Ac. 2, 31, 99; 2, 30, 96; id. Off. 1, 20, 67:

posteriores pedes (opp.: pedes priores),

the hind feet, Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248; cf.:

genua,

id. 11, 45, 102, § 249:

pars prior apparet, posteriora latent,

Ov. F. 4, 718:

posteriores cogitationes,

afterthoughts, Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 5:

paria esse debent posteriora superioribus,

id. de Or. 3, 48, 186:

Thucy dides paulo aetate posterior,

id. Brut. 11, 48:

quod prius ordine verbum est, Posterius facias,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 59.—Sometimes added to other words of contrast:

alii... alii... tamen hi quoque posteriores, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 70:

cujus est ratio duplex... facilior est haec posterior... sed illa lautior,

id. Off. 2, 15, 52; cf. superior.—

Subst.

postĕ-rĭōres, um, m., for posteri, posterity (postclass.):

quemadmodum omnes cognati supra tritavum, generali appellatione majores vocantur, ita post trinepotem posteriores,

Dig. 38, 10, 10.—

postĕrĭōra, um, n., the posteriors (post-class.), Lampr Elag. 5. — Adv.: postĕrĭus, later, afterwards (class.):

posterius dicere,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 76:

posterius istuc dicis quam credo tibi,

i. e. I believe you before you speak, id. As. 1, 1, 48:

jubet posterius ad se reverti,

Cic. Verr 2, 4, 29, § 66:

Thucydides si posterius fuisset,

had he lived at a later period, id. Brut. 83, 288.—

Trop., inferior, of less account or value, worse (class.):

quorum utrique semper patriae salus et dignitas posterior suā dominatione et domesticis commodis fuit,

Cic. Att. 10, 4, 4; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:

suam salutem posteriorem communi salute ducere,

id. Rab. Perd. 1, 3:

nihil posterius, nihil nequius,

id. Pis. 27, 66 (al. protervius):

omnes res posteriores pono atque operam do tibi,

I lay every thing aside, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 7: non posteriores feram, I will not play the meanest part, I shall not be behindhand, Ter Ad. 5, 4, 26; cf.:

cujus sic fortuna cum improbitate certavit, ut nemo posset utrum posterior an infelicior esset judicare,

Cic. Prov Cons. 4, 8 fin. —

Sup, in two forms, postrēmus and postŭmus, a, um.

postrēmus, a, um, the hindmost, the last (class.):

alia prima ponet, alia postrema,

last, Cic. Or 15, 50:

acies,

the rear, Sall. J. 101, 5:

in agmine in primis modo, modo in postremis adesse,

now in the front, now in the rear, id. ib. 45, 2: postremā in comoediā, at the end of the piece, Plaut. Cist. fin.:

in postremo libro,

at the close of the book, Just. 43, 5:

mense postremo,

Pall. 7, 2:

munus, i. e. exsequiae,

the last honors, Cat. 101, 3:

nec postrema cura,

not the last, least, Verg. G. 3, 404; cf.:

non in postremis, i. e. in primis,

especially, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 17.— postrēmō, adv., at last, finally (class.), Caes. B. G. 7, 1:

omnes urbes, agri, regna denique, postremo etiam vectigalia vestra venierint,

Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 62:

primum... deinde... postremo: denique... postremo,

id. N. D. 1, 37, 104; Hor. S. 2, 2, 132: ad postremum, at last, finally, ultimately:

sed ad postremum nihil apparet,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 23; Sall. Fragm. ap. Aug. Civ. Dei, 3, 17; Liv. 38, 16; Hirt. B. G. 8, 43: postremum, for the last time:

si id facis, hodie postremum me vides, Ter And. 2, 1, 22: in quo (vestigio) ille postremum institisset,

Cic. de Or. 3, 2, 6: postremum, at last:

postremum mel et acetum superfundes,

Pall. 12, 22.—

Trop., the last, lowest, basest, meanest, worst (class.):

postremum genus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22: ut homines postremi pecuniis alienis locupletarentur, id. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:

servitus postremum malorum omnium,

id. Phil. 2, 44, 113.—Hence, ante- and post-class., a new comp. postremior, and sup. postremissimus:

ut possit videri nullum animal in terris homine postremius,

App. de Deo Socr. p. 43 fin.: omnium nationum postremissimum nequissimumque existimatote, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 15, 12, 3:

cum adulescentulis postremissimis,

App. Mag. p. 336.—

po-stŭmus (acc. to an erroneous derivation, from post - humus, sometimes also post-humus), a, um, the last, said esp. of the youngest children, or of those born after the father's death, or after he had made his will, late-born, posthumous:

Silvius... tua postuma proles, Quem tibi longaevo serum Lavinia conjux Educet silvis,

late-born son, Verg. A. 6, 763; cf. with this passage: postuma proles non eum significat, qui patre mortuo, sed qui postremo loco natus est, sicuti Silvius, qui Aeneā jam sene, tardo seroque partu est editus, Caesellius Vindex ap. Gell. 2, 16, 5.—On the other hand:

is, qui post patris mortem natus est, dicitur postumus,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.; and:

postumus cognominatur post patris mortem natus,

Fest. p. 238 Müll.; Plaut. ap. Fest. l. l.—As subst.: postŭmus, i, m., a posthumous child:

non minus postumis quam jam natis testamento tutores dari posse,

Gai. Inst. 1, 147:

si quis postumis dederit tutores, hique vivo eo nascantur, an datio valeat?

Dig. 26, 2, 16 fin.:

postuma spes,

the last, App. M. 4, p. 144, 26:

suscipit doctrinam seram plane et postumam,

id. Mag. p. 297, 23:

cena quam postumā diligentiā praeparaverat,

with extreme care, id. M. 6, p. 186, 25.—

Subst.: postŭmum, i, n., that which is last, the end, extremity:

de postumo corporis,

Tert. adv. Gnost. 1.

tum, adv. demonstr., of time [pronom. demonstr. stems to-, ta-; Gr. to, seen in ita, tam, etc.; cf. quom or cum], then.

Referring to a time previously specified.

To a definite past time.

To a period of time in which something was or happened (opp. later periods) = illis temporibus:

is dictu'st ollis popularibus olim Qui tum vivebant homines,

Enn. Ann. v. 308 Vahl.:

quod tum erat res in pecore et locorum possessionibus, i. e. Romuli temporibus,

Cic. Rep. 2, 9, 16:

cum illi male dicerent, quod tum fieri licebat, i. e. Periclis temporibus,

id. de Or. 3, 34, 138:

erat omnino tum mos ut faciles essent in suum cuique tribuendo,

id. Brut. 21, 85; cf. id. Tusc. 1, 46, 111:

vastae tum in his locis solitudines erant,

Liv. 1, 4, 6; 2, 6, 8; 3, 29, 3; 4, 6, 12; 42, 62, 11;

44, 9, 4: ut tum erant tempora,

Nep. Att. 1, 2; 12, 3; Liv. 1, 3, 3; 1, 8, 4; 2, 7, 4; 2, 9, 8; 2, 50, 2; 2, 63, 6;

39, 6, 7 and 9.—With illis temporibus: nam jam tum illis temporibus fortius... loquebantur quam pugnabant,

Nep. Thras. 2, 4.—

Referring to a point of time, then, at that time:

insigneita fere tum milia militum octo Duxit,

Enn. Ann. v. 336 Vahl.: ut jacui exsurgo;

ardere censui aedis: ita tum confulgebant,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 15:

jam duo restabant fata tum,

id. Bacch. 4, 9, 35; id. Cist. 1, 3, 14: quot eras annos gnatus tum, quom, etc.? Me Septuennis, nam tum dentes mihi cadebant primulum, id. Men. 5, 9, 56; id. Merc. prol. 66; id. Most. 1, 2, 49; id. Am. 2, 1, 56; Ter. And. 1, 1, 82: sic igitur tum se levis ac diffusilis aether... undique flexit. Lucr. 5, 467; 5, 837; 5, 911; 5, 432;

5, 942: atque huic anno proximus Sulla consule et Pompejo fuit. Tum P. Sulpicii in tribunatu, cottidie contionantis, totum genus dicendi cognovimus,

Cic. Brut. 89, 306; id. Ac. 2, 22, 69:

scribit Eudemum Pheras venisse, quae erat urbs in Thessalia tum admodum nobilis,

id. Div. 1, 25, 53; id. Rep. 2, 37, 63:

hi tum in Asia rhetorum principes,

id. Brut. 91, 316; id. Sest. 11, 26; id. Planc. 37, 90; id. Quint. 61, 170; id. Fam. 9, 21, 2:

hoc tum veritus Caesar Pharum prehendit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 112:

eodem anno a Campanis Cumae, quam Graeci tum urbem tenebant, capiuntur,

Liv. 4, 44, 13; 1, 7, 14; 2, 9, 5;

2, 37, 7: praetores tum duos Latium habebat,

id. 8, 3, 9:

Aemilius, cujus tum fasces erant, dictatorem dixit,

id. 8, 12, 13; 5, 8, 4; 22, 46, 6;

1, 7, 12: tum Athenis perpetui archontes esse desierunt,

Vell. 1, 8, 3:

tum Cimbri et Teutoni transcendere Rhenum,

id. 2, 8, 3; Val. Max. 1, 5, 3; Tac. H. 4, 49; 3, 57:

non timido, non ignavo cessare tum licuit,

Curt. 3, 11, 5:

Archiae, qui tum maximum magistratum Thebis obtinebat,

Nep. Pelop. 3, 2; id. Phoc. 3, 3.—With in eo tempore: eum quem virile secus tum in eo tempore habebat, Asell. ap. Gell. 2, 13, 5.—Repeated by anaphora:

quae nox omnium temporum conjurationis acerrima fuit. Tum Catilinae dies exeundi, tum ceteris manendi condicio, tum descriptio... constituta est, tum tuus pater, etc.,

Cic. Sull. 18, 52; cf. Lucr. 5, 1377; 5, 1399.—

Esp., referring to a former state, implying that it no longer exists:

quaesivit ex lege illa Cornelia quae tum erat,

Cic. Clu. 20, 55:

cum sententias Oppianicus, quae tum erat potestas, palam ferri velle dixisset,

id. ib. 27, 75:

Caere, opulento tum oppido,

Liv. 1, 2, 3; 3, 52, 3:

praetores aerarii (nam tum a praetoribus tractabatur aerarium), etc.,

Tac. H. 4, 9.—

Expressly opposed to present time (hodie, nunc, hoc tempore, etc.; class. and very freq.; but in post-Aug. writers tunc is regularly used): prius non is eras qui eras;

nunc is factu's qui tum non eras,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 138:

tu nunc tibi Id laudi ducis quod tum fecisti inopia?

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 25; id. Hec. 3, 3, 48:

quae tabula, tum imperio tuo revulsa, nunc a me tamen reportata est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 112:

tum imperator populi Romani deos patrios reportabat, nunc praetor ejusdem populi eosdem illos deos... auferebat,

id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 77; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 78; 2, 5, 20, § 51; id. Clu. 31, 86; id. Planc. 9, 22; id. Quint. 22, 71; id. Phil. 14, 8, 21; id. Leg. 2, 22, 57; Caes. B. C. 3, 17; Liv. 5, 3, 5; 6, 15, 11; 10, 9, 6.—

Opposed to another time specified:

itaque tum eos exire jussit. Post autem e provincia litteras ad conlegium misit, se, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:

itaque ut tum carere rege, sic pulso Tarquinio nomen regis audire non poterat,

id. Rep. 2, 30, 53; id. Mil. 21, 55:

sicut legatorum antea, ita tum novorum colonorum caede imbutis armis,

Liv. 4, 31, 7; 39, 22, 10; 9, 36, 1; 2, 52, 7; 4, 2, 10; 4, 57, 11;

21, 17, 1: et tum sicca, prius celeberrima fontibus, Ide,

Ov. M. 2, 218; Verg. A. 11, 33; Nep. Arist. 2, 3; id. Ham. 11, 7.—

In the historians in applying general statements or truths to the state of affairs spoken of: communi enim fit vitio naturae ut invisis atque incognitis rebus... vehementius exterreamur;

ut tum accidit,

Caes. B. C. 2, 4; 3, 68; id. B. G. 7, 3; 2, 6; id. B. C. 1, 80:

foedera alia aliis legibus, ceterum eodem modo omnia fiunt. Tum ita factum accepimus,

Liv. 1, 24, 4; 1, 32, 14; 21, 31, 12.—

Denoting coincidence or inner connection with an action before mentioned = a temporal clause (tum = cum hoc fieret), then, on that occasion:

quis tum non ingemuit?

Cic. Vatin. 13, 31:

ne tum quidem hominum venustatem et facetias perspicere potuisti? i. e. cum coronam auream imponebant,

id. Fl. 31, 76: apud imperitos tum illa dicta sunt;

nunc agendum est subtilius,

id. Fin. 4, 27, 74:

itaque tum Stajenus condemnatus est,

i. e. in that trial, id. Clu. 36, 101; id. Sen. 7, 22:

M. Porcius Cato qui, asper ingenio, tum lenem mitemque senatorem egit,

Liv. 45, 25; Val. Max. 8, 3, 3:

sed tum supplicia dis... decernuntur,

Tac. A. 3, 64; 3, 72:

Graecia tum potuit Priamo quoque flenda videri,

Ov. M. 14, 474.—

With the occasion referred to specified in the same clause: Manlius... ex petulanti scurra in discordiis civitatis ad eam columnam tum suffragiis populi pervenerat,

Cic. Clu. 13, 39:

emisti tum in naufragio hujus urbis... tum, inquam, emisti ut, etc.,

id. Prov. Cons. 4, 7.—Repeated by anaphora: et Capitolinis injecit sedibus ignes. Tum statua Nattae, tum simulacra deorum, Romulusque et Remus cum altrice belua vi fulminis icti conciderunt, Cic. Div. 2, 20, 45;

so repeated seven times,

id. Rep. 1, 40, 62.—

Redundant, the time of the action being clear without it (esp. in Cic.):

atque hoc tum judicio facto... tamen Avitus Oppianicum reum statim non facit,

Cic. Clu. 20, 56:

itaque tum ille inopia et necessitate coactus ad Caepasios confugit,

id. ib. 20, 57; id. Brut. 23, 90; 39, 145; 43, 161; cf. id. Sull. 18, 51, where tum redundant occurs six times successively.—

In oblique discourse, referring to the time of the speaker, = nunc in direct discourse:

quando autem se, si tum non sint, pares hostibus fore?

if they were not now so, Liv. 3, 62, 1:

(dixit Sempronius)... nec tum agrum plebi, sed sibi invidiam quaeri,

id. 4, 44, 9; 4, 57, 4:

moenia eos tum transcendere non Italiae modo, sed etiam urbis Romanae,

id. 21, 35, 9; 5, 21, 7 (in this use nunc is also freq.).—

Referring to indefinite time.

Then, at such a time of the year, day, etc., at such a season:

tum denique tauros in gregem redigo (after Lyra rises),

Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 12; 1, 35 fin.; Col. 11, 2, 87.—

With the force of an indefinite temporal clause, at such a time, in such circumstances, i. e. when such a thing happens as has happened:

qui (porci) a partu decimo die habentur puri, ab eo appellantur sacres, quod tum ad sacrificium idonei habentur primum,

Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 16; 2, 7, 13:

deinde cibum sequitur somnus... quia plurima tum se corpora conturbant (i. e. cum cibum ceperunt),

Lucr. 4, 957; 3, 599; 4, 892; 4, 919;

4, 1030: quam regionem cum superavit animus... finem altius se efferendi facit. Tum enim sui similem et levitatem et calorem adeptus... nullam in partem movetur,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43; 1, 31, 75; 3, 23, 55; 4, 24, 54; Tac. Dial. 7.—

With the force of a conditional clause, then, in this instance, if so: immo res omnis relictas habeo prae quod tu velis. Ph. Tum tu igitur, qua causa missus es ad portum, id expedi (i. e. si ita est), Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 39; id. Most. 5, 1, 55; id. As. 1, 1, 93; 2, 2, 64; 3, 3, 36; id. Aul. 3, 6, 31; id. Capt. 3, 4, 108; 4, 2, 78: non potitus essem;

fuisset tum illos mi aegre aliquot dies,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 7; id. Eun. 2, 2, 50; 5, 1, 23; id. Hec. 3, 5, 12:

ego C. Caesaris laudibus desim, quas, etc.? Tum hercule me confitear non judicium aliquod habuisse,

Cic. Planc. 39, 93: scribant aliquid Isocrateo more...;

tum illos existimabo non desperatione formidavisse genus hoc,

id. Or. 70, 235; id. Font. 21, 49 (17, 39); id. Tusc. 1, 35, 85; id. Fam. 9, 8, 2; Ov. H. 18 (19), 81: vellem tam ferax saeculum haberemus...;

tum ego te primus hortarer, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 4, 15, 8.—

Referring to future time.

To a definite time before mentioned:

ut sit satius perdere Quam aut nunc manere tam diu, aut tum persequi,

i. e. after my future return, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 27:

jam nunc mente prospicio quae tum studia hominum, qui concursus futuri sint,

Cic. Div. in Caecin. 13, 42; id. Verr. 1, 13, 37; 1, 10, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 17; id. Marcell. 9, 30:

tum meae... Vocis accedet bona pars,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 45.—

With the force of a conditional clause (cf. 3. b, supra), then, in this instance, if so: specta, tum scies. Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 100; cf.:

quom videbis, tum scies,

id. ib. 1, 2, 37: tuom incendes genus;

Tum igitur aquae erit tibi cupido, etc.,

id. Trin. 3, 2, 50; id. Curc. 2, 3, 17:

confer sudantes, ructantes, refertos epulis... tum intelleges, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 100; id. Planc. 18, 45; id. Phil. 2, 45, 115:

agedum, dictatorem creemus... Pulset tum mihi lictorem qui sciet, etc.,

Liv. 2, 29, 12; Cic. Phil. 10, 3, 6; id. Or. 23, 78; 71, 235; Liv. 4, 22, 11; 5, 16, 10; 9, 11, 4.—

Referring to a time subsequent to a time mentioned, then, thereupon.

Simple sequence in time.

Time proper (only of an immediate sequence;

otherwise deinde, postea, etc., are used): tum cum corde suo divum pater atque hominum rex Effatur, etc.,

Enn. Ann. 179:

dico ei quo pactod eam viderim erilem nostram filiam sustollere. Extimuit tum illa,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 9; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 29; id. As. 4, 1, 58: tum ille egens forte adplicat Primum ad Chrysidis patrem se. Ter. And. 5, 4, 21; id. Eun. 3, 1, 17; Cato, R. R. 48 (49); 135 (136); so id. ib. 112 (113): equos quinto anno... amittere binos (dentes);

tum renascentes eis sexto anno impleri,

Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 2 sq.: collo [p. 1909] cari jussit hominem in aureo lecto, abacosque complures ornavit... Tum ad mensam eximia forma pueros jussit consistere, eosque, etc., Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 61:

dixerat hoc ille, cum puer nuntiavit venire ad eum Laelium... Tum Scipio e cubiculo est egressus, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 12, 18; id. Div. 2, 66, 135; id. Clu. 14, 40; id. Cat. 3, 5, 10; id. Ac. 2, 5, 13; id. Div. 1, 35, 77:

hostes suos ab oppugnatione reduxerunt. Tum suo more conclamaverunt ut, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 5, 26; cf. id. ib. 7, 64; 5, 43 fin.;

5, 48: adsurgentem ibi regem cuspide ad terram adfixit. Tum spolia caputque abscisum spiculo gerens... hostes fudit,

Liv. 4, 19, 5; 5, 21, 1; 1, 26, 9; 1, 18, 10; 1, 20, 1; 1, 22, 6; 1, 28, 4; 1, 28, 9; 2, 24, 4;

3, 8, 11, etc.: tum Caesar cum exercitu Thessaliam petit,

Vell. 2, 52, 1; Val. Max. 5, 1, 3; Curt. 4, 3, 7; Tac. A. 3, 28; 11, 35; id. H. 4, 84; Ov. M. 2, 122; 4, 80; 7, 121; 10, 481; 14, 386; Flor. 1, 13, 12; Gell. 1, 19, 5; 1, 23, 5.—

In partic., foll. by an abl. absol.:

tum, prope jam perculsis aliis tribunis, A. Verginius Caesoni capitis diem dicit,

Liv. 3, 11, 9; 8, 32, 1; 10, 29, 12:

tum omni spe perdita, Meherdates dolo ejus vincitur, traditurque victori,

Tac. A. 12, 15; 12, 16:

tum, ferro extracto, confestim exanimatus est,

Nep. Epam. 9, 4.—

Implying a connection between two events, hence, under these circumstances, accordingly, thereupon:

at pater omnipotens ira tum percitus acri... Phaethonta... Deturbavit in terram,

Lucr. 5, 399:

madefactum iri Graeciam sanguine... tum neque te ipsum non esse commotum, Marcumque Varronem et M. Catonem... vehementer esse perterritos,

Cic. Div. 1, 32, 68; cf. id. ib. 1, 34, 76; Caes. B. G. 4, 25; cf. id. ib. 5, 49; 5, 51;

7, 59: quippe quibus nec domi spes prolis, nec cum finitimis conubia essent. Tum ex consilio patrum Romulus legatos circa vicinas gentes misit,

Liv. 1, 9, 2; 3, 26, 1; 3, 31, 7; 4, 45, 7.—

Enumeration of a series of events; the co-ordinate clauses introduced by tum... tum, or primum (primo)... deinde... tum, etc.

Succession of time proper:

ducem Hannibali unum e concilio datum (a Jove), tum ei ducem illum praecepisse ne respiceret, illum autem respexisse, tum visam beluam vastam, etc.,

Cic. Div. 1, 24, 49; 1, 27, 57; 2, 28, 58 sq.:

primo... deinde... tum... tum,

id. Fin. 1, 16, 50; 5, 23, 65; id. Tusc. 5, 2, 5:

primum... deinde... tum... postremo,

id. N. D. 2, 1, 3; 3, 3, 6: primum colonos inde Romanos expulit: inde in Latinam viam transgressus, etc., inde Lavinium recepit; tum deinceps Corbionem, Vitelliam;

postremum, etc.,

Liv. 2, 39, 4:

primi consules sub jugum missi, tum ut quisque gradu proximus erat, tum deinceps singulae legiones,

id. 9, 6, 1:

primo... deinde... tum... tum,

id. 21, 22, 8; id. praef. 9; 3, 28, 8: 5, 39, 7;

23, 23, 6: deinde... deinde... Tum... post quas, etc.,

Curt. 3, 3, 24: primum... deinde... deinde... tum... postea, Masur. Gabin. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 5; Gai. Inst. 4, 60.—

So in partic.: tum (also hic, et;

not deinde or postea), to denote the succession of speakers in dialogue: immo duas dabo, inquit adulescens... Tum senex ille: Si vis, inquit, quattuor sane dato,

Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 46 dub.:

tum Piso... inquit, etc. Tum Quintus... inquit, etc. Hic ego... inquam, etc. Tum ille... inquit, etc. Tum Piso... inquit, etc. Et ille ridens... inquit, etc. Tum Piso exorsus est, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 5, 1, 2 sqq.:

tum Atticus... inquit, etc. Tum ille... inquit, etc. Tum Brutus, etc. Tum ille, etc. Tum Atticus, etc. Tum Pomponius... inquit, etc.,

id. Brut. 3, 11 sqq., and through the whole treatise; cf. id. Ac. 1, 2, 4; 1, 3, 9; 1, 4, 13; 1, 12, 43 and 44; 2, 19, 63; id. N. D. 1, 6, 15 sqq.; id. Rep. 1, 13, 19 sqq.; Liv. 7, 10, 2 sqq.; 23, 12, 8; Tac. Dial. 3; 15; 25; 42; Gell. 3, 1, 11 sqq.; 18, 1, 9 sqq.; Ov. M. 14, 594.—

Transf., of sequence or succession of thought, passing into mere co-ordination (v. C. 2. b, g), then... again... furthermore:

qui mi in cursu obstiterit, faxo vitae is obstiterit suae. Prius edico ne quis, etc. Tum pistores scrofipasci qui, etc. Tum piscatores.... Tum lanii autem qui, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 28; 4, 2, 34; 4, 2, 39: (res familiaris) primum bene parta sit, tum quam plurimis se utilem praebeat, deinde augeatur ratione, diligentia, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92; id. Ac. 2, 47, 146; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 68 sq.; 5, 40, 117; id. Ac. 2, 10, 30; id. de Or. 1, 42, 190; id. Cat. 4, 3, 5; id. Agr. 1, 2, 5; id. Clu. 2, 6; Liv. 3, 26, 11.—

Hence, as co-ordinating conjunction, introducing an additional assertion, or thought.

Alone, = praeterea, and then, besides, also, moreover, on the other hand (freq. in ante-class. style and in Cic.;

rare in Livy and post-Aug. prose): argenti aurique advexit multum, lanam purpuramque multam... tum Babylonica peristromata, etc.,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 3, 54; id. Rud. 2, 4, 10; id. Bacch. 4, 3, 71; 4, 8, 17; id. Ps. 3, 2, 78; id. Aul. 1, 2, 6; 1, 3, 16; id. Men. 5, 5, 41; id. Mil. 4, 2, 13; id. Pers. 1, 3, 15; 4, 2, 3; Ter. And. 1, 5, 27; 1, 2, 21; 2, 3, 7; id. Eun. prol. 4; 5, 6, 15; id. Heaut. 2, 1, 16; Lucr. 4, 680; cf. id. 1, 494; 4, 1152:

magnum ingenium L. Luculli, magnumque optimarum artium studium, tum omnis ab eo percepta doctrina... caruit omnino rebus urbanis,

Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 1; 2, 14, 43; id. Div. 1, 24, 50; 1, 42, 94; id. de Or. 1, 46, 201; id. Off. 1, 6, 19; id. Fin. 1, 6, 21; 2, 16, 53; id. Leg. 1, 5, 17; 1, 9, 26; id. Rab. Post. 14, 40; id. Phil. 13, 12, 26:

altera ex parte Bellovaci instabant, alteram Camulogenus tenebat: tum legiones a praesidio interclusas maximum flumen distinebat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 59; id. B. C. 3, 49: naves convenerunt duae Punicae quinqueremes;

duae ab Heraclea triremes... tum quinque Rhodiae quadriremes,

Liv. 42, 56, 6; 1, 40, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 3, 4; Just. 5, 10, 3.—Sometimes connecting two terms of the same clause, with the force of cum... tum (v. infra, 3. d.):

quot me censes homines jam deverberasse, hospites tum civis?

Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 14:

faciendum est igitur nobis ut... veteranorum, tum legionis Martiae quartaeque consensus... confirmetur,

Cic. Phil. 3, 3, 7; Liv. 28, 43, 1 (in co-ordination often with etiam, autem, and sometimes with praeterea and porro; v. III. infra).—

Tum as correlative of a preceding tum.

With an added assertion or thought: ita est haec hominum natio: voluptarii atque potatores, Tum sycophantae... plurimi In urbe habitant;

tum meretrices mulieres Nusquam perhibentur blandiores gentium,

Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 28; id. Mil. 3, 1, 100; 3, 1, 102.—

Tum... tum = nunc... nunc (modo... modo), sometimes... sometimes, now... now, at one time... at another (freq. in Cic., not in Caes., rare in Liv., and very rare in postAug. writers):

tum huc, tum illuc inretitos impedit piscis,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 17:

tum hoc mihi probabilius, tum illud videtur,

Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 134:

mihi... tum hoc tum illud probabilius videtur,

id. Off. 3, 7, 33; so id. Am. 4, 13; id. Sen. 13, 45; id. Top. 7, 31; id. N. D. 2, 19, 49:

(alvus) tum restringitur, tum relaxatur,

id. ib. 2, 54, 136; id. Rep. 3, 13 (14), 23; id. Leg. 2, 7, 16; id. Or. 63, 212; id. Sen. 3, 7; id. Inv. 1, 37, 66:

dictator tum appellare tum adhortari milites,

Liv. 8, 39, 4; Suet. Ner. 1; Gell. 1, 11, 15.—Tum may be repeated several times:

plerique propter voluptatem tum in morbos graves, tum in damna, tum in dedecora incurrunt,

Cic. Fin. 1, 14, 47; 3, 7, 26;

so three times,

id. N. D. 1, 12, 29; 1, 14, 37; 1, 15, 39; id. Inv. 1, 52, 98; id. Or. 3, 45, 177; id. Off. 1, 7, 22; id. Leg. 2, 17, 43; id. Top. 25, 96;

four times,

id. N. D. 1, 43, 120; 2, 20, 52; 2, 39, 101; id. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 75;

five times,

id. N. D. 2, 5, 14; id. Inv. 1, 13, 17; 1, 41, 76; id. Verr. 2, 5, 36, § 94;

six times,

id. ib. 1, 53, 120;

seven times,

Quint. 9, 4, 133;

nine times,

Cic. N. D. 2, 50, 51.—And in chronological order (to be distinguished from the instances B. 2. a and g):

Atheniensium (rem publicam constituerunt) tum Theseus, tum Draco, tum Solo, tum Clisthenes, tum multi alii,

at different times, successively, Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 2.—

Preceded or followed by other co-ordinate words (alias, modo, aliquando, aut... aut, nunc... nunc):

ex quo intellegitur qualis ille sit quem tum moderatum, alias modestum, tum temperantem, alias constantem continentemque dicimus,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 16, 36:

tum... tum... aliquando,

id. Div. 2, 2, 6:

tum... tum... aut... aut,

id. Or. 61, 204:

modo... tum autem,

id. N. D. 2, 40, 142:

nunc... nunc... tum... tum,

Flor. 1, 17, 5.—

Tum... tum = et... et, both... and, not only... but also, partly... partly, without regard to time, the second term being frequently strengthened by etiam (mostly post-Aug.):

Milo Compsam oppugnans, ictusque lapide tum Clodio, tum patriae, quam armis petebat, poenas dedit,

Vell. 2, 68, 3:

Muciam et Fulviam, tum a patre, tum a viro utramque inclitam,

Val. Max. 9, 1, 8:

Caesar Pompejo tum proprias, tum etiam filiae lacrimas reddidit,

id. 5, 1, 10; Quint. 7, 3, 18; Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 28; id. Clem. 1, 19, 2; Front. Aquaed. 1; Tac. A. 12, 33; Suet. Tit. 3; Nep. praef. 8;

and with etiam,

Val. Max. 2, 2, 8; 5, 9, 1; 7, 6 prooem.; Nep. Them. 2, 3.—

As correlative with a preceding cum, introducing particular after a universal or a stronger or more important assertion after a weaker or less important.

Connecting complete sentences with different predicates, cum... tum = as... so, while... (tum being not translated; ante-class. cum always with indic.; class. with subj. or indic.):

quom antehac te amavi, et mihi amicam esse crevi... tum id mihi hodie aperuisti,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 2; id. Truc. 4, 1, 6:

quom id mihi placebat, tum uno ore omnes omnia Bona dicere,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 69; id. Phorm. 1, 4, 10:

quae cum res tota ficta sit pueriliter, tum ne efficit quidem quod vult,

Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 19; id. Tusc. 5, 39, 13; id. Fam. 13, 16, 1; and so with subj., id. N. D. 1, 1, 1; id. Off. 3, 2, 5; id. Lael. 7, 23; id. Brut. 39, 145; 11, 250:

cum omnium rerum simulatio est vitiosa, tum amicitiae repugnat maxime,

id. Lael. 25, 91; id. Div. 2, 27, 58; and so with indic., id. Planc. 33, 80; id. Tull. 4, 8; id. Div. in Caecil. 20, 65; id. Sest. 1, 2; id. Fam. 16, 4, 4:

haec cum merito ejus fieri intellegebat, tum magni interesse arbitrabatur, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 5, 4; 3, 16; id. B. C. 1, 58; Liv. 3, 34, 1; 4, 53, 4.—

Clauses with the same predicate, which is placed after the first clause (always with indic.):

nam mihi, cum multa eximie divineque videntur Athenae tuae peperisse, tum nihil melius illis mysteriis quibus, etc.,

Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 36; id. Tusc. 4, 18, 42; id. Phil. 2, 5, 12; Liv. 4, 46, 10; 6, 38, 10.—

Clauses with a common predicate placed before both co-ordinate terms, cum... tum = not only, but also; as... so especially:

visa est Arcesilae cum vera sententia, tum honesta et digna sapiente,

Cic. Ac. 2, 24, 77; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; 2, 35, 119; 3, 1, 3:

movit patres conscriptos cum causa tum auctor,

Liv. 9, 10, 1; 4, 57, 2; Suet. Ner. 46 init. —

With a common predicate after both co-ordinate terms:

quom virum tum uxorem, di vos perdant,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 103:

luxuria cum omni aetati turpis tum senectuti foedissima est,

Cic. Off. 1, 34, 123; id. Clu. 59, 161; id. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 86; id. N. D. 1, 21, 57; id. Deiot. 9, 26; id. Clu. 16, 46:

concitatos animos flecti quam frangi putabat cum tutius tum facilius esse,

Liv. 2, 23, 15; 6, 9, 8; 1, 57, 1; 10, 26, 13; Tac. Dial. 5.—With tum several times repeated:

quem pater moriens cum tutoribus et propinquis, tum legibus, tum aequitati magistratuum, tum judiciis vestris commendatum putavit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 151; cf. esp. id. Planc. 40, 95. —

Tum, in this construction, is freq. strengthened,

By vero:

cum haec sunt videnda, tum vero illud est hominis magni, etc.,

in particular, Cic. Clu. 58, 159; id. Mur. 27, 55; id. Phil. 3, 5, 12; 7, 3, 9; cf. id. Or. 1, 23, 106; 3, 16, 60; Liv. 34, 39, 9; Quint. 12, 1, 25.—

By maxime, above all, most of all, especially, chiefly:

cum omnibus in rebus temeritas in adsentando turpis est, tum in eo loco maxime in quo ju dicandum est quantum, etc.,

Cic. Div. 1, 4, 7; id. Tusc. 4, 1, 1; 5, 12, 36; id. Rosc. Am. 25, 69:

cum infamia atque indignitas rei impediebat, tum maxime quod, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 56; Sall. J. 43, 5; Liv. 1, 8, 2; Suet. Claud. 30; Quint. 6, 1, 29.—

By praecipue, especially, chiefly, above all:

cum omnium sociorum provinciarumque rationem diligenter habere debetis, tum praecipue Siciliae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 2; id. Fam. 13, 11, 3:

fortuna quae plurimum potest cum in reliquis rebus, tum praecipue in bello,

Caes. B. C. 3, 68; Liv. 22, 43, 11; 1, 40, 3; Quint. 1, 1, 29; 1, 10, 13; 5, 10, 106; Plin. Ep. 4, 3, 2.—

By inprimis, chiefly, principally:

cum multa non probo, tum illud inprimis quod, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 18; id. Fam. 12, 22, 3.—

By cumprimis, chiefly, principally: quapropter bene cum superis de rebus habenda Nobis est ratio... tum cumprimis Unde anima atque animi constet [p. 1910] natura videndum, Lucr. 1, 131.—

By certe, especially, at least, assuredly:

at cum de plurimis eadem dicit, tum certe de maximis,

Cic. Fin. 4, 5, 13; id. Fam. 7, 4; cf. Quint. 2, 1, 10.—

By nimirum, assuredly, undoubtedly:

cum plurimas... commoditates amicitia contineat, tum illa nimirum praestat omnibus quod, etc.,

Cic. Am. 7, 23. —

By etiam, besides, as well:

cum omnes omnibus ex terris homines improbos audacesque collegerat, tum etiam multos fortes viros et bonos... tenebat,

Cic. Cael. 6, 14; id. Ac. 2, 10, 31; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2:

quos tu cum memoriter, tum etiam erga nos amice et benevole collegisti,

id. Fin. 1, 10, 34; id. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 56:

cum sua virtute, tum etiam alienis vitiis,

id. Leg. 23, 67; id. Fin. 2, 12, 38; id. N. D. 2, 37, 95; id. de Or. 3, 60, 225; Liv. 1, 21, 2; 7, 23, 6; 7, 32, 10; Val. Max. 7, 2, 3; 3, 2, 10; 9, 6, 3; Quint. 9, 1, 20; 9, 4, 143.—

By quoque, also, besides, as well:

cum potestas major, tum vir quoque potestati par hostes trans Anienem submovere,

Liv. 4, 17, 11; 1, 22, 2; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 72.—

By et, also, besides, too:

cujus mortem cum luctus civitatis, tum et dictaturae undecim insignem fecere,

Just. 19, 1, 7.—

By praeterea, moreover, besides:

dicimus C. Verrem cum multa libidinose fecerit, tum praeterea quadringentiens sestertium ex Sicilia abstulisse,

Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56.

Tum as correlative of dependent clauses (freq. in ante - class. writings and Cic., rare in post-Aug. writings).

With temporal clauses, introduced by cum, = at the time when, at a time when.

Referring to definite past time.

Tum as antecedent of cum:

jam tum cum primum jussit me ad se arcessier, Roget quis, Quid tibi cum illa?

Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 4; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 21:

qui (Hercules) tum dolore frangebatur cum immortalitatem ipsa morte quaerebat,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 8, 20:

bene apud majores nostros senatus tum cum florebat imperium decrevit ut, etc.,

id. Div. 1, 41, 91; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114; id. Div. 1, 17, 30; id. Verr. 2, 2, 66, § 160; id. Clu. 33, 89; id. Verr. 1, 2, 5; id. Brut. 2, 7; 23, 89; id. Off. 3, 27, 100; id. Agr. 2, 24, 64; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; 3, 4, 11:

tum mittendos legatos fuisse cum Perseus Graecas urbes obsideret,

Liv. 45, 3, 7:

tum cum Vipereos sparsi... dentes,

Ov. M. 4, 572; id. H. 3, 23; Val. Max. 6, 1, 12.—After pluperf.:

nam tum cum in Asia res magnas permulti amiserant scimus Romae solutione impedita fidem concidisse,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19; Val. Max. 3, 6, 1; 2, 8, 15 fin. —Tum inserted in the temporal clause:

cum Davo egomet vidi jurgantem ancillam... quom ibi me adesse neuter tum praesenserat,

Ter. And. 5, 1, 20.—

Tum, introducing the apodosis of the temporal clause (generally not transl. in Engl.).

Of coincident events, cum... tum = while: quom genui tum morituros scivi, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132 (Trag. Rel. v. 361 Vahl.); Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 18:

cum minime videbamur, tum maxime philosophabamur,

Cic. N. D. 1, 3, 6; id. Agr. 2, 11, 26; id. Cael. 26, 63; id. Phil. 3, 5, 13:

cum pavida mulier nullam opem videret, tum Tarquinius fateri amorem, orare, etc.,

Liv. 1, 58, 3; 5, 11, 4. —

Tum = deinde, usu. after a pluperf.:

id cum Sulla fecisset, tum ante oppidum Nolam Samnitium castra cepit,

Cic. Div. 1, 33, 72; id. Brut. 92, 319; id. Ac. 2, 3, 9; 2, 3, 15; id. Fin. 1, 8, 26; id. Tusc. 4, 20, 45; id. Div. 1, 25, 53; 2, 2, 7; id. Rep. 2, 25, 47; Liv. 21, 11, 8; cf. id. 1, 26, 7; 23, 22, 4.—Inserted in the apodosis:

cum jam humanae opes egestae a Veis essent, amoliri tum deum dona,

Liv. 5, 22, 3.—

Referring to definite present time:

quem esse negas, eundem esse dicis. Cum enim miserum esse dicis, tum eum qui non sit, dicis esse,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 12.—

Referring to indefinite time.

As antecedent of the clause, = at the time when, at a time when, whenever: hominum inmortalis est infamia;

etiam tum vivit quom esse credas mortuam,

Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 28; id. As. 1, 3, 55; id. Merc. 3, 2, 7; Cato, R. R. 31:

nec sibi enim quisquam tum se vitamque requirit Cum pariter mens et corpus sopita quiescunt,

Lucr. 3, 919; 4, 444; 4, 455;

4, 1166: omnis praedictio mali tum probatur cum ad praedictionem cautio adjungitur,

Cic. Div. 2, 25, 54; id. Fin. 2, 32, 104; id. N. D. 2, 3, 9: tum cum sine pondere suci Mobilibus ventis arida facta volant, Ov. H. 5, 109; Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 44; 2, 27, 88; id. Fin. 4, 8, 20; id. Tusc. 3, 9, 20; 5, 26, 73; id. N. D. 1, 4, 9; id. Off. 1, 27, 93.—Tum maxime... cum plurimum = eo magis quo magis:

eam (partem animi) tum maxime vigere cum plurimum absit a corpore,

Cic. Div. 1, 32, 70; so, cum maxime... tum maxime; v. b. a foll.—

Tum introducing the apodosis.

As coincident:

quom amamus, tum perimus,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 94:

ulmus, cum folia cadunt, tum iterum tempestiva est,

Cato, R. R. 17; so id. ib. 155 (156):

cum ea quae quasi involuta fuerunt, aperti sunt, tum inventa dicuntur,

Cic. Ac. 2, 8, 26; id. Fin. 5, 10, 29; 1, 17, 57; id. N. D. 2, 52, 129; 1, 19, 49; id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 15.—Cum maxime... tum maxime = quo magis eo magis:

nam quom pugnabant maxume, ego tum fugiebam maxume,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 45:

quamobrem omnes, cum secundae res sunt maxume, tum maxume Meditari secum oportet, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 14, 30 poet. —

As subsequent:

ad legionem quom itum, adminiculum eis danunt tum jam aliquem cognatum suum,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 47:

eo cum accessit ratio argumentique conclusio... tum et perceptio eorum omnium apparet,

Cic. Ac. 2, 10, 30; 2, 41, 128; id. Fin. 5, 9, 24; 1, 20, 69; 5, 15, 41; id. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 1, 24, 58; 3, 2, 3; id. N. D. 2, 48, 123; id. Div. 2, 19, 44.—

Referring to future time.

Tum as antecedent of cum:

quom mi haec dicentur dicta, tum tu, furcifer, quasi mus in medio pariete vorsabere,

Plaut. Cas. 1, 51; id. Bacch. 3, 4, 20:

non committam ut tum haec res judicetur cum haec frequentia Roma discesserit,

Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 54; id. Agr. 2, 17, 44; 2, 25, 67; id. Fin. 4, 22, 62; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Liv. 23, 13, 4; 41, 10, 7; Ov. M. 2, 651; id. H. 15, 293; Nep. Them. 6, 5.—

Tum introducing the apodosis:

quom videbis, tum scies,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 37; 4, 6, 30:

de quo cum perpauca dixero, tum ad jus civile veniam,

Cic. Leg. 1, 12, 34; id. Clu. 2, 6; 4, 9; Liv. 3, 56, 10.—

With temporal clause, introduced by ubi.

Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare):

vitem novellam resecare tum erit tempus ubi valebit,

Cato, R. R. 33:

tum tu igitur demum id adulescenti aurum dabis, ubi erit locata virgo in matrimonium?

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 52.—

Tum introducing the apodosis.

Referring to definite past time (tum always = deinde):

ubi eorum dolorem majorem quam ceterorum cognovi, tum meum animum in illos, tum mei consilii causam proposui, tum eos hortatus sum, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140; Sall. J. 94, 3:

ubi illuxit, et Romanis Punica et Gallica arma cognita, tum dubitationem exemere,

Liv. 25, 10, 5; 1, 9, 10; 4, 57, 3; 9, 43, 16; 21, 25, 12; 23, 11, 4.—

Referring to indefinite time:

post ubi tempust promissa jam perfici, Tum coacti necessario se aperiunt,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 8: Cato, R. R. 3 init.; 17:

ubi jam morbi se flexit causa... Tum quasi vaccillans primum consurgit,

Lucr. 3, 503; 6, 129; 6, 526.—

Referring to future time:

otium ubi erit, tum tibi operam ludo et deliciae dabo,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 13; id. Stich. 4, 2, 14:

ubi tu voles, Ubi tempus erit, sat habet si tum recipitur,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 32; Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 18; id. Bacch. 4, 3, 72; id. Pers. 4, 7, 19; id. Cas. 3, 2, 27:

ut ubi id interrogando argumentis firmavero, tum testes ad crimen accommodem,

Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 55:

ubi haerere jam aciem videris, tum terrorem equestrem infer,

Liv. 6, 12, 10; 22, 55, 8.—

With a temporal clause introduced by postquam.

Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare):

Flaminius qui ne quieto quidem hoste ipse quieturus erat, tum vero postquam res sociorum ante oculos prope suos ferri vidit, suum id dedecus ratus, etc.,

Liv. 22, 3, 7; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1 (v. infra, III. A. 2. a. b).—

Tum introducing the apodosis (always = deinde).

Referring to definite past time:

posteaquam e portu piratae exierunt, tum coeperunt quaerere homines, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 38, § 100; Sall. J. 106, 6; 84, 1; id. Cat. 51, 40 (al. tunc):

postquam satis virium collectum videbat, tum ex suis unum sciscitatum Romam ad patrem misit,

Liv. 1, 54, 5; 3, 66, 5; 6, 13, 4; 22, 48, 4; 25, 10, 6; Gell. 5, 3, 6.—

Referring to indefinite time: postquam vero commoditas quaedam... dicendi copiam consecuta est, tum ingenio freta malitia pervertere urbes adsuevit, Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 3.—

With a temporal clause introduced by ut.

Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare):

tum vero ingentem gemitum dat Ut spolia, ut currus, utque ipsum corpus amici... conspexit,

Verg. A. 1, 485; cf. id. ib. 12, 218.—

Tum introducing the apodosis.

Of definite past time:

nam ut dudum adcurrimus ad Alcesimarchum... tum mi, puto, prae timore hic excidisse Cistellam,

Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 46:

sed ut intellectum est quantam vim haberet accurata... oratio, tum etiam magistri dicendi multi subito exstiterunt,

Cic. Brut. 8, 30; id. Phil. 9, 4, 9; Liv. 24, 44, 10; id. 21, 54, 9; 23, 34, 6.—

Referring to future time:

neque ut quaeque res delata ad nos erit, tum denique scrutari locos debemus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 34, 146:

traditum esse ut quando aqua Albana abundasset, tum, si eam Romanus rite emisisset, victoriam de Vejentibus dari (= si quando),

Liv. 5, 15, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.—

With a temporal clause introduced by quando.

Tum as antecedent of the clause.

Of definite past time:

auctoritatem senatus exstare sentio, tum, quando Alexandro mortuo, legatos Tyrum misimus,

Cic. Agr. 2, 16, 41.—

Of future time:

at scire tum memento quando id quod voles habebis,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 41; id. Mil. 3, 1, 213; id. Most. 3, 1, 136; id. Men. 5, 7, 57:

utinam tum essem natus quando Romani dona accipere coepissent,

Cic. Off. 2, 21, 75.—

Tum introducing the apodosis.

Of indefinite time (quando = whenever):

quando esurio tum crepant (intestina),

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 27; id. Truc. 1, 1, 15; id. Ps. 4, 7, 85:

quando mulier dotem marito dabat, tum quae ex suis bonis retinebat reciperare dicebatur,

Gell. 17, 6, 6; 7 (6), 14, 4.—

Of future time:

at tu, quando habebis, tum dato,

Plaut. Men. 3, 3, 23:

quando ab eadem parte sol eodemque tempore iterum defecerit, tum signis omnibus ad principium revocatis, expletum annum habeto,

Cic. Rep. 6, 22, 24:

quando mihi usus venerit, tum quaeram ex te atque discam,

Gell. 6 (7), 17, 4.—

In the apodosis after simul ac:

an simul ac nubes successere, ipse in eas tum Descendit (Juppiter), prope ut hinc teli determinet ictus?

Lucr. 6, 402.—

With a temporal clause introduced by dum.

Tum as antecedent:

sanctius visum est nomen Augusti, ut scilicet jam tum dum colit terras, ipso numine ac titulo consecretur,

Flor. 2, 33, 66 (4, 12, 66).—

Tum introducing the apodosis:

dum habeat, tum amet,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 23:

dum se glomerant... tum pondere turris Procubuit,

Verg. A. 9, 540.—

As antecedent of quamdiu:

qui cum tibi amicus non modo tum fuerit quamdiu tecum in provincia fuerit, verum etiam nunc sit cum, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 24, § 58.—

Denoting a logical consequence after quando and cum:

quando ergo erga te benignus fui... tum te mihi benigne itidem addecet... referre gratiam,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 35:

cum magnus numerus deesset, tum iste homo nefarius in eorum locum... substituere coepit cives Romanos,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 28, § 72.—

After relative clauses denoting time: qua tempestate Paris Helenam innuptis junxit nuptiis, Ego tum gravida expletis jam fere ad pariendum mensibus, Poet. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 58, 219 (Trag. Rel. p. 246 Rib.).—

With conditional clauses.

With a conditional clause introduced by si, sin, ni (not nisi).

Tum as antecedent of clause:

tum pol ego interii, homo si ille abiit,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 6; id. Men. 2, 2, 71; Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 40:

si tenuis causa est, tum etiam argumentandi tenue filum,

Cic. Or. 36, 124; id. Rep. 1, 40, 62; 2, 9, 15; id. Fin. 1, 19, 63; id. N. D. 1, 6, 13; id. Verr. 2, 3, 47, § 112:

tum vero ego nequiquam Capitolium servaverim si civem in servitutem duci videam,

Liv. 6, 14, 4; 3, 9, 11; 6, 14, 4; 7, 34, 14; Cato ap. Plin. 29, 1, 7, § 14; Gell. 2, 12, 1 sq.; 4, 13, 1; 14, 2, 21.—

Tum introducing the apodosis:

si triduum hoc hic erimus, tum arbores in te cadent,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 30; id. Rud. 5, 2, 59; 3, 4, 49; id. As. 1, 3, 89; id. Rud. 1, 3, 13; id. Ps. 4, 1, 1; 4, 1, 48 (39); Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 64; 3, 1, 17; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 19; Cato, R. R. 26; cf. id. ib. 27:

quod si, ut spero, cepero, tum vero litteras publice mittam,

Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 3; id. Div. 1, 44, 100; cf. id. Ac. 2, 10, 32; id. Fin. 2, 4, 79; id. N. D. 3, 36, 87; id. Rep. 1, 43, 66: id. [p. 1911] Rosc. Am. 49, 142:

si dimicandum erit, tum tu in novissimos te recipito,

Liv. 7, 40, 13; 8, 10, 12; Hor. S. 1, 2, 97; Ov. M. 7, 32.—

Esp., denoting the consequences of perjury in ancient formulas of oaths: si ego injuste illos homines dedier mihi exposco, tum patriae compotem me numquam siris esse,

Liv. 1, 32, 7; 1, 24, 8; 22, 53, 11; hence, quid si falles? Me. Tum Mercurius Sosiae iratus siet, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 239; 3, 2, 52; id. Aul. 4, 10, 50; cf. also Liv. 3, 64, 10.—

With a condition contrary to fact.

Tum, antecedent of clause:

tum esset ostentum, si anguem vectis circumplicavisset,

Cic. Div. 2, 28, 62; id. Verr. 2, 2, 68, § 164:

tum id audirem si tibi soli viveres,

id. Marcell. 8, 25; id. Fin. 4, 13, 33; id. Div. 2, 35, 73.—

Tum introducing the apodosis:

si quidem me amaret, tum istuc prodesset,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 56:

quodsi omnia nobis quae ad victum pertinent. suppeditarentur, tum optimo quisque ingenio, totum se in cognitione et scientia collocaret,

Cic. Off. 1, 44, 158. —

After an abl. absol.

With perfect participles (= postquam or cum... tum), mostly with denique, vero, demum.

Referring to definite past time:

ut morte ejus nuntiata tum denique bellum confectum arbitraretur,

Cic. Mur. 16, 34:

sed confecto proelio tum vero cerneres quanta vis animi fuisset in exercitu Catilinae,

Sall. C. 61, 1:

ita rebus divinis peractis tum de bello deque republica dictator rettulit,

Liv. 22, 11, 1; 2, 29, 1; 2, 29, 3; 3, 56, 1; 5, 50, 8; Plin. 11, 20, 22, § 68.—

Referring to indefinite time:

hisce omnibus rebus consideratis, tum denique id quod primum est dicendum, postremum soleo cogitare, quo utar exordio,

Cic. Or. 2, 77, 315.—

Referring to future time (the abl. absol. = a fut. perf.):

ita prope XL. diebus interpositis tum denique se responsuros esse arbitrantur,

Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 31; 1, 18, 54; id. Fin. 4, 13, 32; id. Scaur. Fragm. 10, 22.—

With pres. participles (post-class.):

tacentibus cunctis, tum ipse (dixit), etc.,

Just. 12, 15, 6.

Particular connections.

With other particles of time.

Jam tum, already at that time, i. e. earlier than might be anticipated:

jam tum erat suspitio Dolo malo haec fieri,

Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 8; cf. id. ib. 4, 4, 58; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 34:

quippe etenim jam tum divom mortalia saecla Egregias animo facies vigilante videbant,

Lucr. 5, 1169; 5, 1037:

ut mihi jam tum divinasse ille (Romulus) videatur hanc urbem sedem aliquando summo esse imperio praebituram,

Cic. Rep. 2, 5, 10; 2, 7, 12; id. Div. 2, 57, 118; id. Tusc. 4, 2, 4:

jam tum in Palatio monte Lupercal hoc fuisse ludicrum ferunt,

Liv. 1, 5, 1; 1, 7, 16; 1, 41, 7; 10, 21, 14;

24, 49, 1: ut jam tum qualis futurus esset ostenderet,

Suet. Dom. 1; Curt. 4, 6, 29.—

Tum demum and tum denique, then only, then at length, then at last, not till then, i. e. later than might be expected, implying delayed action.

Tum demum.

In gen.:

adversisque in rebus noscere qui sit. Nam verae voces tum demum pectore ab imo Eiciuntur,

Lucr. 3, 58:

tum demum Liscus, oratione Caesaris adductus, quod antea tacuerat proponit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 5, 33; Sall. J. 46, 1:

nec ante in campum degressi sunt quam, etc. Tum demum castra Etruscorum pro moenibus Fidenarum posita,

Liv. 4, 17, 12; 45, 12, 6; 2, 20, 11; 5, 39, 2; 23, 19, 15 et saep.; Val. Max. 1, 6, 10; 1, 7, 4; Curt. 3, 12, 12; Tac. A. 3, 18; 3, 47.—

In partic., referring to clauses introduced by cum, ubi, si, or abl. absol. (v. II. A. B. L. M.), denoting absolute restriction to the terms of the clause:

imo etiam ubi expolivero, magis hoc tum demum dices,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 60:

tum demum mihi procax Academia videbitur si aut consenserint omnes, aut, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 1, 6, 13:

cum is Casilini eo die mansurum dixisset, tum demum cognitus est error,

Liv. 22, 13, 8; Vell. 2, 115, 4; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1 fin.; 7, 2, 4; Curt. 3, 11, 6; Plin. Ep. 8, 20, 7.—

Sometimes = nunc demum (anteclass.): victus es, Chaline. St. Tum nos demum vivere. Olympio. Gaudeo, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 65.—

Tum denique.

In gen.:

tum denique tauros in gregem redigo,

Varr. R. R. 2, 5:

injecta glaeba tumulus is (locus) ubi humatus est vocatur, ac tum denique multa religiosa jura complectitur,

Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 57; id. Fin. 3, 22, 76; id. Tusc. 3, 26, 61: nequiquam temptati ut tum denique desisterent impediendo bello, Liv. 4, 55, 5; Ov. M. 4, 519; 7, 857; 10, 664.—

Referring to clauses with cum, etc. (v. II. A. B. L. M.):

tum denique homines nostra intellegimus bona quom quae in potestate habuimus ea amisimus,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 33:

quo cum venerimus, tum denique vivemus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 75; 3, 31, 75; id. Leg. 2, 4, 10; id. Rep. 1, 6, 11; so,

tum denique si,

id. Fam. 14, 2, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 10, § 29; id. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 1:

indicandum primum fuisse, dein petendum praesidium, postremo ni impetraretur, tum denique querendum,

Liv. 23, 43, 2; Cato ap. Plin. 17, 18, 29, § 126 (for tum vero denique after ut, Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9, v. II. D. 2. a).—

Tum primum (rarely primo), then for the first time:

tum genus humanum primum mollescere coepit,

Lucr. 5, 1014:

ludorum gratia quos tum primum anniversarios in circo facere constituisset,

Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 12; id. Sen. 21, 78; Caes. B. G. 7, 11:

ponte sublicio tum primum in Tiberi facto,

Liv. 1, 33, 6; 2, 41, 3; 39, 22, 2; 2, 20, 6; 39, 49, 4; Vell. 2, 37, 5; Tac. A. 2, 27; id. H. 4, 57; Curt. 3, 12, 26. —

With deinde, hic, postea, with consecutive force emphatic.

Deinde tum (very rare):

primum ea quae sumus acturi cogitare debemus, deinde tum dicere ac facere,

Varr. L. L. 6, 6, 62.—

Tum deinde.

= tum demum or tum denique, then at length, not till then, then only:

nonne optime patronus occurrat prius conviciis luxuriae, etc., tum deinde narret de bonis Pallae? etc.,

Quint. 4, 2, 27; 12, 10, 11:

emam, aedificabo, credam, exigam, honores geram: tum deinde lassam senectutem in otium referam,

Sen. Ep. 101, 4; Plin. 16, 44, 95, § 251.—So corresp. with cum:

quas cum solus pertulisset, tum deinde comitia collegae subrogando habuit,

Liv. 2, 8, 3 (Weissenb. demum, by conj.); Col. R. R. 1, 6, 13. —

= an emphatic deinde: nam praetermisit quod in prima parte sumere debuit;

tum deinde eodem ipso quod omiserat quasi proposito ad confirmandum aliud utitur,

Gell. 2, 8, 3; 13, 24 (23), 1; Just. 2, 1, 19.—

With hic:

hic tum repente Pacilius quidam accedit, ait, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 94:

hic ego tum ad respondendum surrexi,

id. Clu. 18, 51; 27, 73:

hic tum injectus est hominibus scrupulus,

id. ib. 28, 76; id. Sest. 11, 25.—

Tum postea:

tum postea complorantibus nostris, dies quidem tandem inluxit,

Gell. 19, 1, 3; so id. 14, 3, 10 (for quid tum postea, v. D. 1.).—

With interim:

unum, alterum, tertium annum Sassia quiescebat... Tum interim, Q. Hortensio, Q. Metello coss.... despondet ei filiam suam,

Cic. Clu. 64, 179.—

With particles of emphasis.

Tum vero (sometimes tum enimvero or enimvero tum), then indeed, at that crisis, then if not before, etc., or merely = emphatic then, denoting either coincidence or sequence of action.

In gen.:

discedit a Melino Cluentia. Tum vero illa egregia mater palam exsultare... coepit,

Cic. Clu. 5, 14; 22, 61; id. Agr. 1, 1, 3; id. Verr. 2, 5, 41, § 107:

semper equidem magno cum metu incipio dicere... tum vero ita sum perturbatus ut, etc.,

id. Clu. 18, 51:

tum vero dubitandum non existimavit quin ad eos proficisceretur,

Caes. B. G. 2, 8; 5, 37; id. B. C. 1, 82; 2, 42:

Aruns Tarquinius et Tullia minor... junguntur nuptiis. Tum vero in dies infestior Tulli senectus... coepit esse,

Liv. 1, 47, 1; 2, 22, 6; 4, 49, 13; 10, 19, 12; 21, 45, 9; 21, 58, 5; Ov. M. 2, 227; 7, 685; Curt. 4, 13, 1; 3, 11, 5; Tac. Agr. 37.—And in enumerations:

deinde... post autem... tum vero ipsam veterem Karthaginem vendunt,

Cic. Agr. 1, 2, 5.—

As correlative of temporal or conditional clauses, and after abl. absol.:

quod ubi Romam est nuntiatum, senatui metum injecit ne tum vero sustineri nec in urbe seditio, nec in castris posset,

Liv. 5, 7, 4; Sall. J. 94, 3:

tum vero... si,

Cic. Fin. 1, 19, 63; Liv. 6, 14, 4 (v. II. M. 1. a, b).—With cum, Liv. 32, 12, 1:

quae postquam frustra temptata rogumque parari... vidit, Tum vero gemitus... Edidit,

Ov. M. 2, 621; Sall. J. 106, 6; 84, 1; id. Cat. 51, 40; v. C. 1. b. (so, tum vero denique after ut, Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9; v. II. D. 2. and M. 1.).—

Tum quidem, at that time, thereupon, then at least (usu. opposed to a later time): dixit sibi in somnis visum esse, etc. Et tum quidem incolumis exercitum liberavit; post triennium autem devovit se, etc., Cic. Div. 1, 24, 51; so,

actum quidem,

id. Fl. 25, 59; id. Lael. 11, 39:

et tum quidem ab Dio Perseus in interiora regni recepit se... post dies paucos, etc.,

Liv. 42, 39, 1; 1, 57, 10; 3, 2, 10;

7, 17, 3.—Often in resuming the narrative after a digression: ac tum quidem regem... filium appellat,

Curt. 4, 7, 25.—Merely emphatic:

Duillio Cornelioque coss. etiam mari congredi ausus est. Tum quidem ipsa velocitas classis comparatae victoriae auspicium fuit,

Flor. 1, 18 (2, 2), 7; so id. 1, 22 (2, 6), 20; 1, 40 (3, 5), 12.—With cum, Tac. Dial. 11.—

Ne tum quidem, not even then:

num quis horum miser hodie? Ne tum quidem, post spiritum extremum,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 37, 89; id. Div. 1, 26, 55; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, § 98:

ubi ne tum quidem eos prodire intellexit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 50; 7, 53; Tac. H. 5, 21; Curt. 3, 2, 18.—With cum:

ille vere ne tum quidem miser cum ab Oroete in crucem actus est,

Cic. Fin. 5, 30, 92; so id. Tusc. 5, 20, 57; id. Verr. 2, 5, 23, § 59; Liv. praef. 12; 39, 39, 11.—

Tum maxime (sometimes tum cummaxime).

Especially at that time, chiefly then: illi sumposia, nos convivia quod tum maxime simul vivitur, Cic. Fam. 9, 24, 35; id. Leg. 2, 11, 26.—With cum:

quae quidem vis tum maxime cognita est cum... M. Cato, legem suadens, in Galbam multa dixit,

Cic. Brut. 23, 89; id. Sest. 21, 47; id. Par. 4, 1, 29.—

Just then, just at that moment (not ante-Aug.):

regi, tum maxime captivos ex Illyrico vendenti,

Liv. 43, 20, 3; 1, 10, 1:

per totam aciem vulgatum est, castra amissa esse, et tum cummaxime ardere,

id. 40, 32, 1; so,

tum cummaxime,

id. 43, 7, 8:

corpus enim suum a caupone trucidatum tum maxime plaustro ad portam ferri,

Val. Max. 1, 7, ext. 10; 2, 10, 2; 3, 2, 2 fin.; Curt. 3, 4, 14; 6, 6, 10; Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154; Quint. 2, 15, 30; 2, 61, 31; Suet. Caes. 65; id. Calig. 53.—So with cum:

et quod tum maxime Abydum oppugnaret cum rex ab Attalo et Rhodiis ultro se bello lacessitum diceret,

Liv. 31, 18, 2; Sen. Ira, 1, 15, 2.—

Strengthening the co-ordinate tum after cum, so especially; v. I. C. 3. e. b (for cum maxime... tum maxime and tum maxime... cum plurimum, v. II. A. 3. a. b.).—

Tum potissimum = tum maxime, just then (rare):

C. Caesar... tum potissimum acie commissa impeditos religione hostes vicit,

Front. Strat. 2, 1, 16.—

Etiam tum.

Even then:

etiam tum vivit cum esse credas mortuam,

Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 28:

totum se Servilio etiam tum tradidit,

even then, at so late a time, Cic. Sest. 62, 130:

etiam tum cum verisimile erit,

id. Rosc. Am. 20, 57.— So with cum, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 59, § 154; id. Dom. 13, 23; id. Sest. 38, 81.—

Still, as yet (also as one word; cf. etiamtum, and v. the foll. additional passages), Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 19, § 41; id. Fin. 3, 14, 48; id. Rep. 2, 12, 24; id. Arch. 3, 5; id. de Or. 2, 3, 12; id. Brut. 20, 80; id. Off. 2, 14, 47; Caes. B. C. 3, 93; Liv. 5, 40, 10; Val. Max. 9, 6, 3; Tac. A. 3, 72; Suet. Claud. 27 fin.; id. Dom. 22.—

And with a negation, = nondum: ipsa ego non longos etiam tum scissa capillos,

not yet long, Ov. H. 8, 79.—

Tum etiam.

Followed by si or cum, even if, even when:

atque equidem filium Tum etiam si nolit, cogam,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 65:

qui tum etiam cum... circumfusi erant caligine,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 45.—

Then also, then too, besides:

tum etiam illud cogitatote, sic vivere Cornelium ut, etc.,

Cic. Balb. 28, 65; id. N. D. 1, 16, 43; so id. Leg. 1, 13, 35; id. Fin. 2, 16, 53; Col. 12 praef.—

Tum quoque.

Also then, then likewise, then as before, then as on another occasion mentioned before: ceu lapidem si Percutiat lapis aut ferrum;

nam tum quoque lumen Exsilit,

Lucr. 6, 162:

tum quoque homini plus tribui quam nescio cui necessitati,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 11, 28:

tum quoque multis milibus Latinorum in civitatem acceptis,

Liv. 1, 33, 5; 2, 52, 2; 21, 22, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 37; Ov. M. 14, 369.—

Even then, = etiam tum (rare):

et tamen tum quoque se absentes triumphare credunt,

Liv. 45, 38, 13; 39, 41, 3; 39, 47, 11; Ov. H. 17 (18), 190.—

In orat. obliq. (v. I. A. 2.), even now:

quod si Romani tum quoque aequa aspernarentur,

Liv. 42, 62, 7. —

= sic quoque, even under the circumstances, even as it was, etc. (v. sic, V. 3.): ut si effugium patuisset in publicum, impleturae urbem tumultu fuerint. Tum quoque [p. 1912] aliquotiens integro corpore evaserunt, Liv. 24, 26, 13; 40, 16, 6; 43, 4, 1;

9, 13, 9: tum quoque, amputata dextra, navem sinistra comprehendit,

Just. 2, 9, 18.—

Tum ipsum = eo ipso tempore, at the very time, just then, even then (only in Cic. in four passages; cf.:

nunc ipsum): tota igitur ratio talium largitionum vitiosa est, temporibus necessaria, et tum ipsum... moderanda est,

Cic. Off. 2, 17, 60:

quem quidem cum sua voluntate ex patria Karthaginem revertisset, tum ipsum cum vigiliis et fame cruciaretur, clamat virtus beatiorem fuisse quam Thorium,

id. Fin. 2, 20, 65 Madv. ad loc.:

tum ipsum cum immolare velis extorum fieri mutatio potest,

id. Div. 1, 52, 118:

ita (oratores), non injuria, quotienscunque dicerent, id quod aliquando posset accidere, ne tum ipsum accideret, timere,

id. Or. 1, 27, 123.—

Tum with co-ordinating particles.

Tum autem.

= praeterea, and then, besides (v. I. C. 1.): turpilucricupidum te vocant cives tui;

tum autem sunt alii qui te volturium vocant,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 64:

oves scabrae sunt... Tum autem Surorum nemo exstat qui ibi sex menses vixerit,

id. ib. 2, 4, 141; id. Mil. 4, 2, 13; id. Pers. 4, 2, 3; id. Poen. 5, 5, 34; 5, 7, 22; Ter. And. 1, 5, 34; id. Eun. 5, 9, 7; id. Hec. 2, 1, 14; 3, 2, 10:

tum autem qui non ipso honesto movemur... callidi sumus, non boni,

Cic. Leg. 1, 14, 41; id. Or. 1, 58, 247; 2, 19, 80.—

= tum... tum:

visne igitur inter hos populos inambulantes, tum autem residentes quaeramus eisdem de rebus?

Cic. Leg. 1, 5, 15.—

= eo tempore, with autem as connective:

tum illic autem Lemnius... uxorem duxit, etc.,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 25:

tum autem ex omnibus montibus nives proluit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 48.—

But in this instance:

uxori emunda ancilla'st: tum autem pluscula Supellectile opus est,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 60; 5, 7, 25 sq.—

For tum etiam, v. B. 7. b.—

Tum praeterea:

nam tui similis est probe. Tum praeterea talem, nisi tu, nulla pareret filium,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 20; so id. Ad. 3, 2, 47; id. Phorm. 3, 2, 33; Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56 (v. I. C. 3. e. l).—

Tum porro:

tum porro venti magnam quoque tollere partem Umoris possunt,

Lucr. 6, 623; 4, 829 (827).—

Quid tum?

In dialogue, what then? what next? what further? novi ego hos pugnos meos. Ca. Quid tum? Th. Quid tum? Rogitas? Hisce ego, si tu me inritaveris, placidum te hodie reddam, Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 49; so id. As. 2, 2, 83; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 47; 3, 5, 66; id. Phorm. 3, 3, 8.—And strengthened:

quid tum postea?

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; id. As. 2, 2, 68; 2, 2, 79; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 78; 4, 2, 9; 4, 7, 23; id. Ad. 4, 5, 15; id. Hec. 4, 1, 36: videsne abundare me otio? A. Quid tum? Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 26.—

In imitation of a dialogue:

at mulctantur bonis exsules. Quid tum? Parumne multa de toleranda paupertate dicuntur?

Cic. Tusc. 5, 37, 107; so id. Quint. 22, 72; 27, 84; id. Verr. 2, 4, 59, § 132; id. Dom. 47, 123; id. Dejot. 7, 22; id. Phil. 1, 10, 26; Hor. S. 2, 3, 230.—

As emphatic co-ordinative in quoting the different items of a document, law, etc.: quive in senatu sententiam dixit, dixerit. Quid tum? Qui eorum coiit, coierit, etc., what next? i. e. and then, listen! Cic. Clu. 54, 148; so id. Agr. 1, 5, 16; 3, 3, 11; id. Mur. 12, 26; id. Fl. 23, 55.—

Tum temporis = eo tempore (post class. and rare; cf.:

tunc temporis): postera die civitas principem suum, ac tum temporis consulem in foro expectabat,

Just. 31, 2, 6.

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    Lateritius, Adiectiuum. Plin. Qui est faict de brique.

coquo, coxī, coctum, ere (aus *quequo, altind. pácati, kocht, bäckt, brät; vgl. griech. πέσσω, koche, verdaue; πέπων reif, πόπανον, Gebäck), kochen = durch Feuer zubereiten, unser kochen, sieden, backen, brennen, dörren, schmelzen, zeitigen, reifen, I) eig.: A) tr.: 1) kochen, sieden, backen, is, quiilla coxerat, Cic.: c. cibaria (Brot), Liv. (so auch cibaria cocta, cibaria in quinque dies cocta, quindecirm dierum cibaria cocta, Liv.; vgl. Drak. Liv. 44, 32, 11): cibum, Varro (so auch cibus coctus, Sall.): vasa coquendis cibis utilia, Plin.: cochleam od. cochleas, Cels. u. Varro: cenam, Komik.: alci cenam, Plaut. u. Nep. (vgl. die quinti in Capitolio tibi cena cocta erit, Cato fr.): humana exta. Hor.: medicamenta, Liv.: alcis obsonia, gar kochen (scherzh. = faul machen, vom heißen Schirokko), Hor.: ova columbina, Cels.: panem, Varro fr. u. Plin.: pavonem, Hor.: venena, Liv.: caro cocta (Ggstz. caro salsa), Apic. 1. § 8 u. 10: lupinus coctus (Ggstz. crudus), Edict. Diocl. – c. alqd bene, leniter, leviter, modice, recte, Cels.: alqd sic, ut etc., Cels.: simul coquuntur mel, galbanum, resina etc., Cels.: alqd eodem modo, Cels.: alqd pluribus modis, Plin.: alqd ad carbones leniter paululum, Veget. mul.: alqd clementer, Ser. Samm.: alqd lente, Plin.: alqd igni leni od. lento, Cato u. Plin.: alqd lentis vaporibus, Hier.: c. alqd bis, Cels.: denuo, Cato:

————

de integro, Col.: c. cibos turis ligno, Plin. – c. alqd in tecto, sub dio, Cato: c. liba in subito foco, Ov.: alqd carbonibus, Plin.: alqd in olla od. in aeneo vase, Plin. u. Cels.: multifariam in patellis cepe, Varro fr.: vitulus aëno coctus, Petron. – m. Angabe womit? (= mit welchem Stoffe zusammen?) durch cum u. Abl., od. m. Ang. worin? (= in welchem Stoffe?) durch in od. ex u. Abl., alqd cum aqua, in od. ex aqua, Cels.: alqd ex oleo, ex lacte, Cels.: gemmam in lacte, Plin.: alqd cum vino, in od. ex vino, Cels. – m. Angabe woraus? durch ex u. Abl. od. durch bl. Abl., picem liquidam e taeda, Plin.: alqd tostā polentā, Ov. – m. Ang. bis zu welchem Grade? alqd usque ad mellis crassitudinem, Plin.: tres heminas ad unam, Cels.: c. alqd usque eo, donec etc., Cels.: c. alqd, donec etc., Cels. – absol., ire coctum, Plaut.: coquendo sit faxo, Ter.: difficilis in coquendo cyma, Plin.: vas ad coquendum, ICt. – Partic. Perf. subst., a) coctum, ī, n. u. Plur. cocta ōrum, n., Gekochtes, = gekochte Speisen (Ggstz. crudum, cruda), quid tu, malum, curas utrum crudumque an coctum edim, Plaut. aul. 430: ne quid in popinis cocti praeter legumina aut olera veniret, Suet. Ner. 16, 2: cocta vendere, Suet. Claud. 38, 2. – b) cocta, ae, f., α) ein abgekochter Trank, ein Kräutertrank, Mart. 2, 85, 1. – β) gekochtes Fleisch, Apic. 1, 9. – 2) kochen = kochend machen, zum höchsten Hitzegrad bringen, v. der Sonne, iam non solum calet unda, sed

————

coquitur, Sidon. ep. 2, 2, 1. – 3) auf dem Rost braten, rösten, als Marter, Lact. de mort. pers. 13, 3; vgl. (zur Sache) 21. § 7 u. 8. – 4) brennen, dörren, schmelzen, calcem, Cato u. Vitr.: carbones, Cato: laterculos, Cato: coctus later, gebrannter Ziegelstein, Backstein (Ggstz. crudus later), Vitr. u. Iustin.; vgl. agger coctus, aus ausgebrannten Ziegelsteinen, Prop. – c. robur, durch Feuer härten, Verg.: ligna cocta (= coctilia u. acapna, w. vgl.), ausgetrocknetes Holz, das keinen Rauch gibt, ICt.: coctus pulvis, Puzzolanerde, Stat. – c. aurum cum plumbo, schmelzen, Plin.: so aera fornacibus, Lucan.: rastra et sarcula, schmieden, Iuven. – u. v. Ausdörren, Austrocknen der Sonne u. des Windes, locus is melior, quem non coquit sol, Varro: coquit glebas aestas matutinis solibus, Verg.: rosaria cocta matutino noto, Prop. – 5) (wie πεπαίνω) zur Reife bringen, reifen, zeitigen, von der Sonne usw., eas (arbores) aequabiliter ex omnibus partibus sol ac luna coquunt; quo fit, ut uvae et oleae plures nascantur et ut celerius coquantur, Varro: cum frumentum aestas et debita maturitas coxit, Sen.: fructus (fici) solibus coctus, Plin.: et alte mitis in apricis coquitur vindemia saxis, Verg.: poma matura et cocta, Cic. – 6) in Gährung bringen, zersetzen, v. äußerer Wärme, balineae ardentes, quibus persuasere in corporibus cibos coqui, Plin. 29, 26. – von der organischen Wärme des Körpers, calore et spiritu

————

omnia cocta et confecta, Cic. de nat. deor. 2, 136; vgl. 2, 137. Lact. de opif. dei 14, 5. – B) intr. kochen = gekocht werden, aqua, ubi radix eius coxerit, Dynamid. 1, 21; u. so ibid. 1, 49; 2, 90 u. 106. – II) übtr.: 1) gleichsam etw. brauen, etw., ersinnen, über etw. brüten, auf etw. sinnen, consilia secreto ab aliis, Liv.: bellum, Liv. – 2) jmd. (jmds. Herz, Busen) schmerzlich ängstigen, abhärmen, quae (cura) nunc te coquit et versat in pectore fixa, Enn. ann. 336: femineae ardentem curaeque iraeque coquebant, Verg. Aen. 7, 345: nec (sollicitudo) oratorem macerat et coquit, Quint. 12, 10, 77. – egomet me coquo (mache mir den Kopf warm) et macero et defetigo, Plaut. trin. 225. – 3) Partiz. Perf. im Kompar. m. Genet., hodie iuris coctiores (im R. geriebener) non sunt, quam qui lites creant, Plaut. Poen. 586 sq. – ⇒ in guten Handschriften auch quoquo, zB. quoquat, Hor. de art. poët. 186 K. u. M. – coco, wov. cocuntur, Suet. Aug. 87, 1.

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* * *

aeger, gra, grum, adj. [Curtius proposes to connect it with ep-eigô, to press, drive; aigis, storm-wind; aiges, waves; and Sanscr. egāmi, to tremble; trembling, shaking, being a common symptom of illness], designates indisposition, as well of mind as of body (while aegrotus is generally used only of physical disease; class.; in Cic. far more frequent than aegrotus; Celsus uses only aeger, never aegrotus).

Lit., of the body, ill, sick, unwell, diseased, suffering.

Of men:

homines aegri morbo gravi,

Cic. Cat. 1, 13:

graviter aegrum fuisse,

id. Div. 1, 25; id. Tusc. 2, 25, 61:

infirma atque aegra valetudo,

id. Brut. 48 fin.:

aegro corpore esse,

id. ad Quir. 1 fin.:

ex vulnere,

id. Rep. 2, 21:

vulneribus,

Nep. Milt. 7:

pedibus,

Sall. C. 59, 4; so Liv. 42, 28; Tac. H. 3, 38;

Wernsd. Poët. L. Min. 6, 197, 8: stomachus,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 43:

anhelitus,

shortness of breath, Verg. A. 5, 432.—At a later period constr. with gen. or acc.:

Psyche aegra corporis, animi saucia,

App. M. 4, 86, p. 310 Oud. (cf. id. ib. 5, 102, p. 360 Oud.: Psyche corporis et animi alioquin infirma; and Liv. Andron. ap. Prisc. p. 725 P.:

inops, aegra sanitatis, where, however, Bothe suspects aegra to be a gloss.): memini, me quondam pedes tunc graviter aegrum,

Gell. 19, 10.—Subst., a sick person, Cic. Div. 2, 3:

ne aegri quidem omnes convalescunt,

id. N. D. 2, 4: aegro adhibere medicinam, id. de Or. 2, 44, 186:

vicinum funus aegros exanimat,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 126:

ungebant oleo multos aegros,

Vulg. Marc. 6, 16; ib. Act. 5, 16. —Hence, ab aegris servus, an attendant on the sick, a nurse (cf. ab):

D. M. SEXTORIO AVG. LIB. AB AEGRIS CVBICVLARIORVM,

Inscr. Orell. 2886.—

Of brutes:

sues aegri,

Verg. G. 3, 496; so Col. 6, 5, 1:

avidos inlidit in aegrum Cornipedem cursus,

i. e. wounded, Stat. Th. 11, 517.—

Of plants, diseased:

seges aegra,

Verg. A. 3, 142:

aegra arbor,

Pall. Febr. 25, 23:

vitis,

id. Mart. 7, 4.—

Fig.

Of the mind, troubled, anxious, dejected, sad, sorrowful, etc., of any agitation of the passions or feelings, of love, hope, fear, anxiety, sorrow:

aeger animus,

Sall. J. 74:

aegris animis legati superveniunt,

Liv. 2, 3, 5; cf.

Drak. ad h. l.: scribendi cacoëthes aegro in corde senescit,

Juv. 7, 52: aegri mortales, i. e. miseri (deiloi brotoi, oizuroi, poluponoi), Verg. A. 2, 268; constr. with abl., gen., and ab.

With abl.: Medea animo aegra, amore saevo saucia, Enn. ap. Cic. Cael. 8 (the later edd. animo aegro, as B. and K.):

animus aeger avaritiā,

Sall. J. 31:

amore,

Liv. 30, 11:

curis,

Verg. A. 1, 208 al. —

With gen. of respect (cf. Drak. ad Liv. 30, 15, 9; Rudd. II. p. 73; and Roby, II. § 1321): aeger consilii, infirm in purpose, Sall. Fragm. ap. Arusian, p. 212 Lind., and Stat. Th. 9, 141:

animi,

Liv. 1, 58; 2, 36; Curt. 4, 3, 11.— Of cause:

rerum temere motarum,

Flor. 3, 17, 9:

morae,

Luc. 7, 240:

delicti,

Sil. 13, 52:

pericli,

id. 15, 135:

timoris,

id. 3, 72.—

With ab:

A morbo valui, ab animo aeger fui,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 26.—

Trop., of a diseased condition of the state, suffering, weak, feeble:

maxime aegra et prope deposita rei publicae pars,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 2:

qui et semper aegri aliquid esse in re publica volunt,

Liv. 5, 3; Flor. 3, 23 al.— Of the eyes, evil, envious:

recentem aliorum felicitatem aegris oculis introspicere,

Tac. H. 2, 20 (Halm here reads acribus). —Of abstr. things, sad, sorrowful, grievous, unfortunate (class., but for the most part poet.):

numquam quidquam meo animo fuit aegrius,

Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 29 (where aegrius may be the adv.;

v. aegre below): dolores aegri,

Lucr. 3, 905:

luctus,

id. 3, 933:

amor,

Verg. G. 4, 464:

mors,

id. ib. 3, 512:

spes,

i. e. faint, slight hope, Sil. 9, 543:

fides,

wavering, id. 2, 392 al. —As subst.: aegrum, i, n.:

plus aegri ex abitu viri quam ex adventu voluptatis cepi,

more pain, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 11:

sed cui nihil accidit aegri,

Lucr. 5, 171.— Adv.: aegrē.— Lit.

Object.

Uncomfortably:

nescio quid meo animost aegre,

disturbs my mind, vexes, annoys me, Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 35; so, aegre esse alicui, often in Plaut. and Ter. (like bene or male esse alicui); Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 26; id. Capt. 3, 5, 43; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 63 al.; cf.

opp. volupe, volup: si illis aegrest, mihi quod volup est,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 152.— Absol.:

aegre est,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 57.—Also:

aegre facere alicui,

to vex, hurt, Plaut. Cas. 3, 4, 17; Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 31; and:

aegre audire aliquid ex aliquo,

any thing annoying, disagreeable, id. Hec. 5, 1, 39.—

With difficulty or effort (opp. facile):

omnis conglutinatio recens aegre, inveterata facile divellitur,

Cic. de Sen. 20, 72; cf.:

inveteratio, ut in corporibus, aegrius depellitur quam perturbatio,

id. Tusc. 4, 37, 81; and:

omne bellum sumi facile, ceterum aegerrime desinere,

Sall. J. 83, 1:

nec magis versutus nec quo ab caveas aegrius,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 106:

aegre rastris terram rimantur,

Verg. G. 3, 534 al.:

non aegre persequi iter,

Col. 9, 8, 9; so,

haud aegre,

Curt. 4, 3, 10; 10, 8, 22. —More freq.,

= vix, Gr. mogis, hardly, scarcely:

aegre nimis risum continui,

Plaut. As. 3, 2, 36:

aegre me tenui,

Cic. Att. 16, 11:

aegre fero, v. fero: aegre abstinere quin, etc.,

Liv. 2, 45:

aegre stantes,

Tac. Agr. 36 al. —Hence often vix aegreque in connection, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 27; Flor. 2, 10; Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 7; id. S. 1, 7; App. M. 1, p. 111.—

Subject., with grief, regret, displeasure, or dislike, unwillingly, reluctantly: discessit, aegre ferens, distempered, vexed (opp. laetus), Cic. Div. 1, 33 fin.:

aegre pati,

Liv. 1, 9 et saep.:

aegre tolerare,

Tac. Agr. 13:

si alibi plus perdiderim, minus aegre habeam, i. e. feram,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 16:

aegre carere,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13. — Comp.:

quod aegrius patimur,

Liv. 7, 13: aegrius accipere, Tac. Ann. 4, 71.— Sup.:

aegerrime ferre,

Sall. J. 87: aegerrime pati Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 105.

aeger, gra, grum, adj. [Curtius proposes to connect it with ep-eigô, to press, drive; aigis, storm-wind; aiges, waves; and Sanscr. egāmi, to tremble; trembling, shaking, being a common symptom of illness], designates indisposition, as well of mind as of body (while aegrotus is generally used only of physical disease; class.; in Cic. far more frequent than aegrotus; Celsus uses only aeger, never aegrotus).

Lit., of the body, ill, sick, unwell, diseased, suffering.

Of men:

homines aegri morbo gravi,

Cic. Cat. 1, 13:

graviter aegrum fuisse,

id. Div. 1, 25; id. Tusc. 2, 25, 61:

infirma atque aegra valetudo,

id. Brut. 48 fin.:

aegro corpore esse,

id. ad Quir. 1 fin.:

ex vulnere,

id. Rep. 2, 21:

vulneribus,

Nep. Milt. 7:

pedibus,

Sall. C. 59, 4; so Liv. 42, 28; Tac. H. 3, 38;

Wernsd. Poët. L. Min. 6, 197, 8: stomachus,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 43:

anhelitus,

shortness of breath, Verg. A. 5, 432.—At a later period constr. with gen. or acc.:

Psyche aegra corporis, animi saucia,

App. M. 4, 86, p. 310 Oud. (cf. id. ib. 5, 102, p. 360 Oud.: Psyche corporis et animi alioquin infirma; and Liv. Andron. ap. Prisc. p. 725 P.:

inops, aegra sanitatis, where, however, Bothe suspects aegra to be a gloss.): memini, me quondam pedes tunc graviter aegrum,

Gell. 19, 10.—Subst., a sick person, Cic. Div. 2, 3:

ne aegri quidem omnes convalescunt,

id. N. D. 2, 4: aegro adhibere medicinam, id. de Or. 2, 44, 186:

vicinum funus aegros exanimat,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 126:

ungebant oleo multos aegros,

Vulg. Marc. 6, 16; ib. Act. 5, 16. —Hence, ab aegris servus, an attendant on the sick, a nurse (cf. ab):

D. M. SEXTORIO AVG. LIB. AB AEGRIS CVBICVLARIORVM,

Inscr. Orell. 2886.—

Of brutes:

sues aegri,

Verg. G. 3, 496; so Col. 6, 5, 1:

avidos inlidit in aegrum Cornipedem cursus,

i. e. wounded, Stat. Th. 11, 517.—

Of plants, diseased:

seges aegra,

Verg. A. 3, 142:

aegra arbor,

Pall. Febr. 25, 23:

vitis,

id. Mart. 7, 4.—

Fig.

Of the mind, troubled, anxious, dejected, sad, sorrowful, etc., of any agitation of the passions or feelings, of love, hope, fear, anxiety, sorrow:

aeger animus,

Sall. J. 74:

aegris animis legati superveniunt,

Liv. 2, 3, 5; cf.

Drak. ad h. l.: scribendi cacoëthes aegro in corde senescit,

Juv. 7, 52: aegri mortales, i. e. miseri (deiloi brotoi, oizuroi, poluponoi), Verg. A. 2, 268; constr. with abl., gen., and ab.

With abl.: Medea animo aegra, amore saevo saucia, Enn. ap. Cic. Cael. 8 (the later edd. animo aegro, as B. and K.):

animus aeger avaritiā,

Sall. J. 31:

amore,

Liv. 30, 11:

curis,

Verg. A. 1, 208 al. —

With gen. of respect (cf. Drak. ad Liv. 30, 15, 9; Rudd. II. p. 73; and Roby, II. § 1321): aeger consilii, infirm in purpose, Sall. Fragm. ap. Arusian, p. 212 Lind., and Stat. Th. 9, 141:

animi,

Liv. 1, 58; 2, 36; Curt. 4, 3, 11.— Of cause:

rerum temere motarum,

Flor. 3, 17, 9:

morae,

Luc. 7, 240:

delicti,

Sil. 13, 52:

pericli,

id. 15, 135:

timoris,

id. 3, 72.—

With ab:

A morbo valui, ab animo aeger fui,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 26.—

Trop., of a diseased condition of the state, suffering, weak, feeble:

maxime aegra et prope deposita rei publicae pars,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 2:

qui et semper aegri aliquid esse in re publica volunt,

Liv. 5, 3; Flor. 3, 23 al.— Of the eyes, evil, envious:

recentem aliorum felicitatem aegris oculis introspicere,

Tac. H. 2, 20 (Halm here reads acribus). —Of abstr. things, sad, sorrowful, grievous, unfortunate (class., but for the most part poet.):

numquam quidquam meo animo fuit aegrius,

Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 29 (where aegrius may be the adv.;

v. aegre below): dolores aegri,

Lucr. 3, 905:

luctus,

id. 3, 933:

amor,

Verg. G. 4, 464:

mors,

id. ib. 3, 512:

spes,

i. e. faint, slight hope, Sil. 9, 543:

fides,

wavering, id. 2, 392 al. —As subst.: aegrum, i, n.:

plus aegri ex abitu viri quam ex adventu voluptatis cepi,

more pain, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 11:

sed cui nihil accidit aegri,

Lucr. 5, 171.— Adv.: aegrē.— Lit.

Object.

Uncomfortably:

nescio quid meo animost aegre,

disturbs my mind, vexes, annoys me, Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 35; so, aegre esse alicui, often in Plaut. and Ter. (like bene or male esse alicui); Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 26; id. Capt. 3, 5, 43; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 63 al.; cf.

opp. volupe, volup: si illis aegrest, mihi quod volup est,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 152.— Absol.:

aegre est,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 57.—Also:

aegre facere alicui,

to vex, hurt, Plaut. Cas. 3, 4, 17; Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 31; and:

aegre audire aliquid ex aliquo,

any thing annoying, disagreeable, id. Hec. 5, 1, 39.—

With difficulty or effort (opp. facile):

omnis conglutinatio recens aegre, inveterata facile divellitur,

Cic. de Sen. 20, 72; cf.:

inveteratio, ut in corporibus, aegrius depellitur quam perturbatio,

id. Tusc. 4, 37, 81; and:

omne bellum sumi facile, ceterum aegerrime desinere,

Sall. J. 83, 1:

nec magis versutus nec quo ab caveas aegrius,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 106:

aegre rastris terram rimantur,

Verg. G. 3, 534 al.:

non aegre persequi iter,

Col. 9, 8, 9; so,

haud aegre,

Curt. 4, 3, 10; 10, 8, 22. —More freq.,

= vix, Gr. mogis, hardly, scarcely:

aegre nimis risum continui,

Plaut. As. 3, 2, 36:

aegre me tenui,

Cic. Att. 16, 11:

aegre fero, v. fero: aegre abstinere quin, etc.,

Liv. 2, 45:

aegre stantes,

Tac. Agr. 36 al. —Hence often vix aegreque in connection, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 27; Flor. 2, 10; Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 7; id. S. 1, 7; App. M. 1, p. 111.—

Subject., with grief, regret, displeasure, or dislike, unwillingly, reluctantly: discessit, aegre ferens, distempered, vexed (opp. laetus), Cic. Div. 1, 33 fin.:

aegre pati,

Liv. 1, 9 et saep.:

aegre tolerare,

Tac. Agr. 13:

si alibi plus perdiderim, minus aegre habeam, i. e. feram,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 16:

aegre carere,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13. — Comp.:

quod aegrius patimur,

Liv. 7, 13: aegrius accipere, Tac. Ann. 4, 71.— Sup.:

aegerrime ferre,

Sall. J. 87: aegerrime pati Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 105.

aerumna, ae (pleb. er-), f. [contr. from aegrimonia; as to the suppressed g, cf. jumentum from jugum, Doed. Syn. IV. p. 420. Others explain aerumna (with Paul. ex Fest. s. v. aerumnula, p. 24 Müll.) orig. for a frame for carrying burdens upon the back; hence trop.], need, want, trouble, toil, hardship, distress, tribulation, calamity, etc. (objectively; while aegrimonia, like aegritudo, denotes, subjectively, the condition of mind, Doed. 1. c.; for the most part only ante-class., except in Cic., who uses it several times, in order to designate by one word the many modifications and shadings of the condition of mental suffering; in Quintilian's time the word was obsolete, v. Quint. 8, 3, 26): tibi sunt ante ferendae aerumnae, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 47 Vahl.); cf.: Ilia dia nepos, quas erumnas tetulisti, id. ap. Charis. p. 70 P. (Ann. v. 56 ib.): quantis cum aerumnis exantlavi diem, id. ap. Non. 292, 8 (Trag. v. 127 ib.):

uno ut labore absolvat aerumnas duas (of the pains of parturition),

Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 26:

animus aequos optimum est aerumnae condimentum,

id. Rud. 2, 3, 71; id. Ep. 2, 1, 10;

so,

id. Capt. 5, 4, 12; id. Curc. 1, 2, 54; id. Pers. 1, 1, 1: lapit cor cura, aerumna corpus conficit, Pac. ap. Non. 23, 8; Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 8; Lucr. 3, 50:

aerumna gravescit,

id. 4, 1065:

quo pacto adversam aerumnam ferant,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 12:

maeror est aegritudo flebilis: aerumna aegritudo laboriosa: dolor aegritudo crucians,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 8, 18:

Herculis aerumnas perpeti: sic enim majores nostri labores non fugiendos tristissimo tamen verbo aerumnas etiam in Deo nominaverunt,

id. Fin. 2, 35; cf. id. ib. 5, 32, 95:

mors est aerumnarum requies,

Sall. C. 51, 20; so id. J. 13, 22: Luculli miles collecta viatica multis Aerumnis, ad assem Perdiderat, with much difficulty, * Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 26:

multiplicabo aerumnas tuas,

Vulg. Gen. 3, 16:

in labore et aerumnā (fui),

ib. 2 Cor. 11, 27.—

In later Lat. for defeat (of an army), Amm. 15, 4; cf. id. 15, 8 al.

Petric. Vit. D. Mart. 1, 66. Hence, Enn. ap. Charis. p. 76 P. derives it from eruere (quod mentem eruat). Cf. Doed. Syn. IV. p. 420.

ai, in old Lat., corresponding to ae: AIDILIS, CAISAR, AITERNOS, for Aedilis, Caesar, aeternus; also, still later, sometimes in the poets in the termination of the genitive of the first decl.; but, as in Enn. and Lucr., per diaeresin always dissyl. with long penult:

furit intus aquāï,

Verg. A. 7, 464:

aurāï simplicis ignem,

id. ib. 6, 747:

terrāï frugiferāï,

Mart. 11, 91, 5; cf. Quint. 1, 7, 18; Spauld. Prisc. 728; Prob. 1438; Vel. Long. 2222; Mart. Vict. 2460 P.—In prim. syllables, as in voc. Gaĭ, ăi could not be changed to ae if i was an ending; but i was changed to i cons., when the word received accession, e. g. Gaius. —When a conson. followed ai, as in CNAIVOS for GNAIWOS (v. the Epitaphs of the Scipios, in the Append.), ae was written at a later per., as Gnaeus; hence from Graïos both Graecus and Graius; from Aiakos, Aeacus, and Aiax, for Aias, were formed; just as Achaeus or Achivus with Achaĭus or Achaĭcus was used.

* ai = ai, interj., denoting grief, ah! alas! Ov. M. 10, 215.

ai, imper., from aio.

calx, calcis, f. (m., Pers. 3, 105 dub.; Sil. 7, 696; cf. App. M. 7, p. 483 Oud.; Pers. 3, 105; Grat. Cyn. 278. Whether Lucil. ap. Charis, p. 72 P. belongs here or to 2. calx is undecided) [Sanscr. kar-, wound, kill; akin with lax, calcar, calceus], the heel.

Lit.:

calces deteris,

you tread on my heels, Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 111:

quod si ipsa animi vis In capite aut umeris aut imis calcibus esse Posset,

Lucr. 3, 792; 5, 136: incursare pug nis, calcibus, pux kai lax, Plaut. Poen. 4, 1, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 53:

certare pugnis, calcibus, unguibus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 27, 77:

uti pugnis et calcibus,

id. Sull. 25, 71:

concisus pugnis et calcibus,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 56:

subsellium calce premere,

Auct. Her. 4, 55, 68:

ferire pugno vel calce,

Quint. 2, 8, 13:

quadrupedemque citum ferratā (al. ferrato) calce fatigat,

Verg. A. 11, 714:

nudā calce vexare ilia equi,

Stat. S. 5, 2, 115; Sil. 7, 697; 13, 169; 17, 541:

nudis calcibus anguem premere,

Juv. 1, 43.—Also of the heels of animals, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 8; Col. 8, 2, 8:

quadrupes calcibus auras Verberat,

Verg. A. 10, 892.—Hence, caedere calcibus, to kick, laktizô, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 71:

calce petere aliquem,

to kick, Hor. S. 2, 1, 55:

ferire,

Ov. F. 3, 755:

extundere frontem,

Phaedr. 1, 21, 9:

calces remittere,

to kick, Nep. Eum. 5, 5; so,

reicere,

Dig. 9, 1, 5:

aut dic aut accipe calcem,

take a kick, Juv. 3, 295 al. —

Prov.: adversus stimulum calces (sc. jactare, etc.) = laktizein pros kentron (Aesch Agam. 1624; Pind. Pyth. 2, 174;

W. T. Act. 9, 5),

to kick against the pricks, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 28 Don. and Ruhnk.; cf. Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 55, and s. v. calcitro: calcem impingere alicui rei, to abandon any occupation:

Anglice,

to hang a thing on the nail, Petr. 46.—

Meton. (pars pro toto), the foot, in gen.:

calcemque terit jam calce,

Verg. A. 5, 324 Serv. and Heyne. —

Transf. to similar things.

In architecture: calces scaporum, the foot of the pillars of a staircase; Fr. patin de l'échiffre, Vitr. 9, praef. § 8.—

Calx mali, the foot of the mast, Vitr. 10, 3, 5.—

In agriculture, the piece of wood cut off with a scion, Plin. 17, 21, 35, § 156.

calx, calcis, f. (m., Varr. ap. Non. p. 199, 24, and Cato, R. R. 18, 7; Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 86; dub. Cic. Tusc. 1, 8, 15; and id. Rep. Fragm. ap. Sen. Ep. 108 fin.; cf. Rudd. I. p. 37, n. 3; later collat. form calcis, is, f., Ven. Fort. Carm. 11, 11, 10) [chalix].

Liv.

A small stone used in gaming, a counter (less freq. than the dim. calculus, q. v.), Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 86; Lucil. ap. Prisc. p. 687 P.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 46 Müll.—

Limestone, lime, whether slaked or not, Lucr. 6, 1067; Cic. Mil. 27, 74:

viva,

unslaked, quicklime, Vitr. 8, 7:

coquere,

to burn lime, Cato, R. R. 16; Vitr. 2, 5, 1: exstincta, slaked, id. l. l.:

macerata,

id. 7, 2; Plin. 36, 23, 55, § 177:

harenatus,

mixed with sand, mortar, Cato, R. R. 18, 7:

materies ex calce et harenā mixta,

Vitr. 7, 3.— Since the goal or limit in the race-ground was designated by lime (as later by chalk, v. creta), calx signifies,

Trop., the goal, end, or limit in the race-course (anciently marked with lime or chalk; opp. carceres, the starting-point; mostly ante-Aug.;

esp. freq. in Cic.): supremae calcis spatium,

Lucr. 6, 92 Lachm.; Sen. Ep. 108, 32; Varr. ap. Non. p. 199, 24:

ad calcem pervenire,

Cic. Lael. 27, 101; so,

ad carceres a calce revocari,

i. e. to turn back from the end to the beginning, id. Sen. 23, 83:

nunc video calcem, ad quam (al. quem) cum sit decursum,

id. Tusc. 1, 8, 15: ab ipsā (al. ipso) calce revocati, id. Rep. Fragm. ap. Sen. l.l.; Quint. 8, 5, 30 dub.; v. Spald. N. cr. —

Prov., of speech:

extra calcem decurrere,

to digress from a theme, Amm. 21, 1, 14.—

In gen., the end, conclusion of a page, book, or writing (mostly post-class.):

si tamen in clausulā et calce pronuntietur sententia,

Quint. 8, 5, 30:

in calce epistulae,

Hier. Ep. 9; 26 fin.; 84 init.: in calce libri, id. Vit. St. Hil. fin.