-
21 dobrovoljnosti
-
22 voluntariado
m.1 voluntary work.2 voluntary enlistment.* * *1 MILITAR voluntary enlistment2 (civil) group of volunteers* * *SM (=trabajo) voluntary work; (=trabajadores) voluntary workers [pl]* * *= volunteering, volunteerism.Ex. Volnet UK is the 1st on-line bibliographic data base for the community and voluntary consisting of 16,000 references to the fields of volunteering and community development.Ex. The nominee supports volunteerism in library services for people who are blind or visually impaired.----* organización de voluntariado = voluntary body, voluntary agency, voluntary organisation.* * *= volunteering, volunteerism.Ex: Volnet UK is the 1st on-line bibliographic data base for the community and voluntary consisting of 16,000 references to the fields of volunteering and community development.
Ex: The nominee supports volunteerism in library services for people who are blind or visually impaired.* organización de voluntariado = voluntary body, voluntary agency, voluntary organisation.* * *1 ( Mil) regular military service2 (no militar) voluntary service* * *
voluntariado sustantivo masculino volunteering
* * *voluntariado nm1. [actividad] voluntary work;Espla ley del voluntariado = law governing voluntary work2. [voluntarios] volunteers* * *m1 actividad voluntary work; ( voluntarios) volunteers pl2 MIL voluntary military service -
23 voluntarismo
SM (=terquedad) headstrong nature, wilfulness; (=arbitrariedad) arbitrariness* * *= voluntarism, volunteering, volunteerism.Ex. The British unitary system of government impeded local efforts and a spirit of voluntarism.Ex. Volnet UK is the 1st on-line bibliographic data base for the community and voluntary consisting of 16,000 references to the fields of volunteering and community development.Ex. The nominee supports volunteerism in library services for people who are blind or visually impaired.* * *= voluntarism, volunteering, volunteerism.Ex: The British unitary system of government impeded local efforts and a spirit of voluntarism.
Ex: Volnet UK is the 1st on-line bibliographic data base for the community and voluntary consisting of 16,000 references to the fields of volunteering and community development.Ex: The nominee supports volunteerism in library services for people who are blind or visually impaired.* * *A ( Fil) voluntarismB1 ( fam) (fuerza de voluntad) willpower2 (obstinación) stubbornness, obstinacy* * *voluntarismo nm1. [voluntad] willingness;había más voluntarismo que conocimientos they were more willing (to help/participate/ etc) than knowledgeable2. Psi voluntarism -
24 ayuda de emergencia
(n.) = emergency reliefEx. Volunteerism is a key element in providing emergency relief to disaster survivors and in post-disaster reconstruction.* * *(n.) = emergency reliefEx: Volunteerism is a key element in providing emergency relief to disaster survivors and in post-disaster reconstruction.
-
25 constante
adj.1 persistent (person) (en una empresa).2 constant.3 unchanging, uniform, consistent, constant.4 dedicated, hardworking.f.1 constant.2 Constante.* * *► adjetivo1 (invariable) constant2 (persona) steadfast1 MATEMÁTICAS constant\constantes vitales vital signs* * *adj.* * *1. ADJ1) (=continuado) constantun día de lluvia constante — a day of constant o persistent rain
2) (=frecuente) constant3) (=perseverante) [persona] persevering4) (Fís) [velocidad, temperatura, presión] constant2. SF1) (=factor predominante)el mar es una constante en su obra — the sea is a constant theme o an ever-present theme in his work
el paro es una constante en la economía española — unemployment is a permanent feature of the Spanish economy
2) (Mat) constant3) (Med)* * *I1) ( continuo) constant2) ( perseverante) < persona> perseveringIIa) (Mat) constantb) ( característica) constant featurec) constantes femenino plural (Med) tb* * *= constant, continual, continued, continuing, continuous, even, ongoing [on-going], persistent, regular, unvarying, steadfast, perpetual, steady [steadier -comp., steadiest -sup.], abiding, unfailing, unabated, constant, standing, unflagging, assiduous, on-the-go, unceasing, incessant, ceaseless, persevering.Ex. Film and videotape are stored on the premises in vaults situated at the back of the library and are air conditioned to ensure a constant temperature.Ex. The second point concerns the continual reference to Haykin's book, a sort of code of subject authority practice and its drawbacks.Ex. Instructional development is a goal-oriented, problem-solving process involving techniques such as development of specific objectives, analysis of learners and tasks, preliminary trials, formative and summative evaluation, and continued revision.Ex. They are likely to influence the future function of DC, and the way in which the scheme will evolve, but since there will be a continuing need for shelf arrangement, DC will remain necessary.Ex. However, in 1983, Forest Press decided to opt for the concept of continuous revision.Ex. An unvarying level of illumination, heating, cooling, ventilation and acoustics will give the even type of environment needed in an academic library.Ex. This study has many implications for an ongoing COMARC effort beyond the present pilot project because it is evident that a very small number of libraries can furnish machine-readable records with full LC/MARC encoding.Ex. Cases keep discussion grounded on certain persistent facts that must be faced, and keep a realistic rein on airy flights of academic speculation.Ex. Book form was generally regarded as too inflexible for library catalogues, especially where the catalogue required regular updating to cater for continuing and gradual expansion of the collection.Ex. An unvarying level of illumination, heating, cooling, ventilation and acoustics will give the even type of environment needed in an academic library.Ex. He does admit, however, that 'this power is unusual, it is a gift which must be cultivated, an accomplishment which can only be acquired by vigorous and steadfast concentration'.Ex. Possessed of a phenomenal memory and a perpetual smile, this paragon always is ready to meet the public without losing balance or a sense of humor.Ex. Susan Blanch is a fairly steady customer, taking only fiction books.Ex. The revision and correction of reference works is an abiding concern to the librarian and the user.Ex. Public libraries can be characterized by an unfailing flexibility and sincere intent to help people solve problems.Ex. The demand for English as the world's lingua franca continues unabated.Ex. In this formula, curly brackets {} indicate activities, and alpha, beta and gamma are constants = En esta fórmula, las llaves {} indican actividades y alfa, beta y gamma son las constantes.Ex. A standing reproach to all librarians is the non-user.Ex. Colleagues from all the regions of the world harnessed their combined intellectual capital, tenacity, good will and unflagging spirit of volunteerism for the good of our profession = Colegas de todas las regiones del mundo utilizaron su capital intelectual, su tenacidad, su buena voluntad y su inagotable espíritu de voluntarismo para el bien de nuestra profesión.Ex. The management of a large number of digital images requires assiduous attention to all stages of production.Ex. With technologies such as SMS, Podcasting, voice over IP (VoIP), and more becoming increasingly mainstream, the potential to provide instant, on-the-go reference is limitless.Ex. But just as she pulled over the road in the pitch blackness of night she heard the unceasing sound of the night like she had never heard it.Ex. The great practical education of the Englishman is derived from incessant intercourse between man and man, in trade.Ex. Children in modern society are faced with a ceaseless stream of new ideas, and responsibility for their upbringing has generally moved from parents to childminders and teachers.Ex. Napoleon Bonaparte said: 'Victory belongs to the most persevering' and 'Ability is of little account without opportunity'.----* constante de bajada = slope constant.* constante flujo de = steady stream of.* constante vital = vital sign.* crítica constante = nagging.* de un modo constante = on an ongoing basis.* en constante expansión = ever-expanding, ever-growing.* en constante movimiento = on the go.* los constantes cambios de = the changing face of, the changing nature of.* mantenimiento de las constantes vitales = life support.* máquina que mantiene las constantes vitales = life-support system.* permanecer constante = remain + constant.* que está en constante evolución = ever-evolving.* serie constante de = steady stream of.* ser una constante = be a constant.* * *I1) ( continuo) constant2) ( perseverante) < persona> perseveringIIa) (Mat) constantb) ( característica) constant featurec) constantes femenino plural (Med) tb* * *= constant, continual, continued, continuing, continuous, even, ongoing [on-going], persistent, regular, unvarying, steadfast, perpetual, steady [steadier -comp., steadiest -sup.], abiding, unfailing, unabated, constant, standing, unflagging, assiduous, on-the-go, unceasing, incessant, ceaseless, persevering.Ex: Film and videotape are stored on the premises in vaults situated at the back of the library and are air conditioned to ensure a constant temperature.
Ex: The second point concerns the continual reference to Haykin's book, a sort of code of subject authority practice and its drawbacks.Ex: Instructional development is a goal-oriented, problem-solving process involving techniques such as development of specific objectives, analysis of learners and tasks, preliminary trials, formative and summative evaluation, and continued revision.Ex: They are likely to influence the future function of DC, and the way in which the scheme will evolve, but since there will be a continuing need for shelf arrangement, DC will remain necessary.Ex: However, in 1983, Forest Press decided to opt for the concept of continuous revision.Ex: An unvarying level of illumination, heating, cooling, ventilation and acoustics will give the even type of environment needed in an academic library.Ex: This study has many implications for an ongoing COMARC effort beyond the present pilot project because it is evident that a very small number of libraries can furnish machine-readable records with full LC/MARC encoding.Ex: Cases keep discussion grounded on certain persistent facts that must be faced, and keep a realistic rein on airy flights of academic speculation.Ex: Book form was generally regarded as too inflexible for library catalogues, especially where the catalogue required regular updating to cater for continuing and gradual expansion of the collection.Ex: An unvarying level of illumination, heating, cooling, ventilation and acoustics will give the even type of environment needed in an academic library.Ex: He does admit, however, that 'this power is unusual, it is a gift which must be cultivated, an accomplishment which can only be acquired by vigorous and steadfast concentration'.Ex: Possessed of a phenomenal memory and a perpetual smile, this paragon always is ready to meet the public without losing balance or a sense of humor.Ex: Susan Blanch is a fairly steady customer, taking only fiction books.Ex: The revision and correction of reference works is an abiding concern to the librarian and the user.Ex: Public libraries can be characterized by an unfailing flexibility and sincere intent to help people solve problems.Ex: The demand for English as the world's lingua franca continues unabated.Ex: In this formula, curly brackets {} indicate activities, and alpha, beta and gamma are constants = En esta fórmula, las llaves {} indican actividades y alfa, beta y gamma son las constantes.Ex: A standing reproach to all librarians is the non-user.Ex: Colleagues from all the regions of the world harnessed their combined intellectual capital, tenacity, good will and unflagging spirit of volunteerism for the good of our profession = Colegas de todas las regiones del mundo utilizaron su capital intelectual, su tenacidad, su buena voluntad y su inagotable espíritu de voluntarismo para el bien de nuestra profesión.Ex: The management of a large number of digital images requires assiduous attention to all stages of production.Ex: With technologies such as SMS, Podcasting, voice over IP (VoIP), and more becoming increasingly mainstream, the potential to provide instant, on-the-go reference is limitless.Ex: But just as she pulled over the road in the pitch blackness of night she heard the unceasing sound of the night like she had never heard it.Ex: The great practical education of the Englishman is derived from incessant intercourse between man and man, in trade.Ex: Children in modern society are faced with a ceaseless stream of new ideas, and responsibility for their upbringing has generally moved from parents to childminders and teachers.Ex: Napoleon Bonaparte said: 'Victory belongs to the most persevering' and 'Ability is of little account without opportunity'.* constante de bajada = slope constant.* constante flujo de = steady stream of.* constante vital = vital sign.* crítica constante = nagging.* de un modo constante = on an ongoing basis.* en constante expansión = ever-expanding, ever-growing.* en constante movimiento = on the go.* los constantes cambios de = the changing face of, the changing nature of.* mantenimiento de las constantes vitales = life support.* máquina que mantiene las constantes vitales = life-support system.* permanecer constante = remain + constant.* que está en constante evolución = ever-evolving.* serie constante de = steady stream of.* ser una constante = be a constant.* * *A1 (continuo) constantestaba sometido a una constante vigilancia he was kept under constant surveillance2 ‹tema/motivo› constantB (perseverante) persevering1 ( Mat) constant2 (característica) constant featurelas escaseces han sido una constante durante los últimos siete años shortages have been a constant feature of the last seven yearsdurante estas fechas las colas son una constante en las tiendas at this time of year queues are a regular feature in the shopsuna constante en su obra a constant theme in his workel malhumor es una constante en él he's always in a bad moodconstantes vitales vital signs (pl)* * *
constante adjetivo
■ sustantivo femeninoa) (Mat) constant
c)
constante
I adjetivo
1 (tenaz) steadfast: es una persona constante en sus ambiciones, he is steadfast in his ambitions
2 (incesante, sin variaciones) constant, incessant, unchanging: me mareaba el constante barullo que había allí, the constant racket there made me dizzy
II sustantivo femenino
1 constant feature: los desengaños fueron una constante a lo largo de su vida, disappointments were a constant during his lifetime
2 Mat constant
' constante' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
fiel
- salario
- sangría
English:
constant
- continual
- cruise
- equable
- even
- incessant
- recurrent
- steadily
- steady
- unfailing
- uniform
- unremitting
- break
- consistent
- drive
- eternal
- niggling
- persistent
- wear
* * *♦ adj1. [persona] [en una empresa] persistent;[en ideas, opiniones] steadfast;se mantuvo constante en su esfuerzo he persevered in his efforts2. [lluvia, atención] constant, persistent;[temperatura] constant3. [que se repite] constant♦ nf1. [rasgo] constant;las desilusiones han sido una constante en su vida disappointments have been a constant feature in her life;las tormentas son una constante en sus cuadros storms are an ever-present feature in his paintings;la violencia es una constante histórica en la región the region has known violence throughout its history2. Mat constant3. constantes vitales vital signs;mantener las constantes vitales de alguien to keep sb alive* * *I adj constantII f MAT constant* * *constante adj: constant♦ constantemente advconstante nf: constant* * *constante adj (continuo) constant -
26 inagotable
adj.inexhaustible.* * *► adjetivo1 (cantidad) inexhaustible2 (persona) tireless* * *ADJ [recursos] inexhaustible; [persona, paciencia] tireless* * *adjetivo <fuente/reservas> inexhaustible, endless* * *= inexhaustible, never-finishing, unfailing, unflagging, never-ending, tireless.Ex. This is a book of inexhaustible value to teachers and all those engaged in storytelling and reading aloud.Ex. And becoming aware (a never-finishing process of intelligent life) is in itself action.Ex. Public libraries can be characterized by an unfailing flexibility and sincere intent to help people solve problems.Ex. Colleagues from all the regions of the world harnessed their combined intellectual capital, tenacity, good will and unflagging spirit of volunteerism for the good of our profession = Colegas de todas las regiones del mundo utilizaron su capital intelectual, su tenacidad, su buena voluntad y su inagotable espíritu de voluntarismo para el bien de nuestra profesión.Ex. His, he concludes, is the never-ending search for what is new in the world out yonder.Ex. He was a tireless campaigner for high professional standards.* * *adjetivo <fuente/reservas> inexhaustible, endless* * *= inexhaustible, never-finishing, unfailing, unflagging, never-ending, tireless.Ex: This is a book of inexhaustible value to teachers and all those engaged in storytelling and reading aloud.
Ex: And becoming aware (a never-finishing process of intelligent life) is in itself action.Ex: Public libraries can be characterized by an unfailing flexibility and sincere intent to help people solve problems.Ex: Colleagues from all the regions of the world harnessed their combined intellectual capital, tenacity, good will and unflagging spirit of volunteerism for the good of our profession = Colegas de todas las regiones del mundo utilizaron su capital intelectual, su tenacidad, su buena voluntad y su inagotable espíritu de voluntarismo para el bien de nuestra profesión.Ex: His, he concludes, is the never-ending search for what is new in the world out yonder.Ex: He was a tireless campaigner for high professional standards.* * *‹fuente/reservas› inexhaustible, infinite, endlesstiene una paciencia inagotable she has endless patience* * *
inagotable adjetivo ‹fuente/reservas› inexhaustible, endless
inagotable adjetivo
1 (que no agota sus recursos) inexhaustible: el libro es una fuente inagotable de conocimientos, the book is a never ending source of information
2 (que no se cansa nunca) tireless
' inagotable' also found in these entries:
English:
inexhaustible
- never
- tireless
- unflagging
* * *inagotable adj1. [fuente de energía] inexhaustible;[paciencia] infinite;sus conocimientos de informática son inagotables she's infinitely knowledgeable about computers;su conducta era una fuente inagotable de chistes her behaviour was an endless o inexhaustible source of jokes* * *adj inexhaustible* * *inagotable adj: inexhaustible -
27 incansable
adj.untiring, tireless.* * *► adjetivo1 tireless* * *ADJ tireless, untiring* * *adjetivo tireless* * *= untiring, indefatigable, unflagging, avid, tireless, unwearied.Ex. I have many people to acknowledge, beginning with my co-editor who offered untiring support and many useful suggestions in putting together the institutes.Ex. This collection of more than 22,000 items bound into over 2,000 volumes is most interestingly described and the motives of its indefatigable collector discussed by G K Fortescue in a bibliographical introduction to the catalogue.Ex. Colleagues from all the regions of the world harnessed their combined intellectual capital, tenacity, good will and unflagging spirit of volunteerism for the good of our profession = Colegas de todas las regiones del mundo utilizaron su capital intelectual, su tenacidad, su buena voluntad y su inagotable espíritu de voluntarismo para el bien de nuestra profesión.Ex. She was an avid collector of historical manuscripts considered worthless by his contemporaries and priceless by scholars today.Ex. He was a tireless campaigner for high professional standards.Ex. He had been beloved of the gods, but his foolish arrogance had incurred their wrath, and the rest of his unwearied life was the punishment for his pride.* * *adjetivo tireless* * *= untiring, indefatigable, unflagging, avid, tireless, unwearied.Ex: I have many people to acknowledge, beginning with my co-editor who offered untiring support and many useful suggestions in putting together the institutes.
Ex: This collection of more than 22,000 items bound into over 2,000 volumes is most interestingly described and the motives of its indefatigable collector discussed by G K Fortescue in a bibliographical introduction to the catalogue.Ex: Colleagues from all the regions of the world harnessed their combined intellectual capital, tenacity, good will and unflagging spirit of volunteerism for the good of our profession = Colegas de todas las regiones del mundo utilizaron su capital intelectual, su tenacidad, su buena voluntad y su inagotable espíritu de voluntarismo para el bien de nuestra profesión.Ex: She was an avid collector of historical manuscripts considered worthless by his contemporaries and priceless by scholars today.Ex: He was a tireless campaigner for high professional standards.Ex: He had been beloved of the gods, but his foolish arrogance had incurred their wrath, and the rest of his unwearied life was the punishment for his pride.* * *tirelesses incansable he's tireless, he has endless stamina* * *
incansable adjetivo
tireless
incansable adjetivo tireless
' incansable' also found in these entries:
English:
tireless
- untiring
* * *incansable adjuntiring, tireless* * *adj tireless* * *incansable adjinfatigable: tireless♦ incansablemente adv -
28 infatigable
adj.1 indefatigable, tireless.2 untiring, weariless, tireless, assiduous.* * *► adjetivo1 indefatigable, tireless* * *ADJ tireless, untiring* * *adjetivo tireless, unflagging (before n)* * *= indefatigable, unflagging, unremitting, tireless, unwearied.Ex. This collection of more than 22,000 items bound into over 2,000 volumes is most interestingly described and the motives of its indefatigable collector discussed by G K Fortescue in a bibliographical introduction to the catalogue.Ex. Colleagues from all the regions of the world harnessed their combined intellectual capital, tenacity, good will and unflagging spirit of volunteerism for the good of our profession = Colegas de todas las regiones del mundo utilizaron su capital intelectual, su tenacidad, su buena voluntad y su inagotable espíritu de voluntarismo para el bien de nuestra profesión.Ex. This unremitting castigation of the Nazi masks both the historical complicity of the United States with Nazi crimes and our own racist and genocidal histories.Ex. He was a tireless campaigner for high professional standards.Ex. He had been beloved of the gods, but his foolish arrogance had incurred their wrath, and the rest of his unwearied life was the punishment for his pride.* * *adjetivo tireless, unflagging (before n)* * *= indefatigable, unflagging, unremitting, tireless, unwearied.Ex: This collection of more than 22,000 items bound into over 2,000 volumes is most interestingly described and the motives of its indefatigable collector discussed by G K Fortescue in a bibliographical introduction to the catalogue.
Ex: Colleagues from all the regions of the world harnessed their combined intellectual capital, tenacity, good will and unflagging spirit of volunteerism for the good of our profession = Colegas de todas las regiones del mundo utilizaron su capital intelectual, su tenacidad, su buena voluntad y su inagotable espíritu de voluntarismo para el bien de nuestra profesión.Ex: This unremitting castigation of the Nazi masks both the historical complicity of the United States with Nazi crimes and our own racist and genocidal histories.Ex: He was a tireless campaigner for high professional standards.Ex: He had been beloved of the gods, but his foolish arrogance had incurred their wrath, and the rest of his unwearied life was the punishment for his pride.* * *indefatigable, tireless, unflagging ( before n)* * *
infatigable adjetivo tireless
' infatigable' also found in these entries:
English:
tireless
* * *infatigable adjindefatigable, tireless* * *adj tireless, indefatigable* * *infatigable adj: indefatigable, tireless♦ infatigablemente adv -
29 sostenido
adj.1 sustained.2 sustained, undwindling.m.sharp.past part.past participle of spanish verb: sostener.* * *1 MÚSICA sharp————————1→ link=sostener sostener► adjetivo1 (continuado) sustained; (constante) steady2 MÚSICA sharp1 MÚSICA sharp* * *(f. - sostenida)adj.1) sustained2) sharp* * *1. ADJ1) (=continuo) sustained2) (Mús) sharp2.SM (Mús) sharp* * *- da adjetivo sharp* * *= sustained, steady [steadier -comp., steadiest -sup.], sustainable, unflagging.Ex. Research has shown that strong centralized control of employees is not the best way to achieve operational efficiency or sustained productivity.Ex. Susan Blanch is a fairly steady customer, taking only fiction books.Ex. Development is a social, political, and economic process of change which, to be just and sustainable, must ensure the participation of all class, race and gender groups.Ex. Colleagues from all the regions of the world harnessed their combined intellectual capital, tenacity, good will and unflagging spirit of volunteerism for the good of our profession = Colegas de todas las regiones del mundo utilizaron su capital intelectual, su tenacidad, su buena voluntad y su inagotable espíritu de voluntarismo para el bien de nuestra profesión.----* agricultura sostenida = sustainable agriculture.* * *- da adjetivo sharp* * *= sustained, steady [steadier -comp., steadiest -sup.], sustainable, unflagging.Ex: Research has shown that strong centralized control of employees is not the best way to achieve operational efficiency or sustained productivity.
Ex: Susan Blanch is a fairly steady customer, taking only fiction books.Ex: Development is a social, political, and economic process of change which, to be just and sustainable, must ensure the participation of all class, race and gender groups.Ex: Colleagues from all the regions of the world harnessed their combined intellectual capital, tenacity, good will and unflagging spirit of volunteerism for the good of our profession = Colegas de todas las regiones del mundo utilizaron su capital intelectual, su tenacidad, su buena voluntad y su inagotable espíritu de voluntarismo para el bien de nuestra profesión.* agricultura sostenida = sustainable agriculture.* * *sostenido -daA (continuo) constant, continuousB ( Mús) sharpre sostenido D sharp* * *
Del verbo sostener: ( conjugate sostener)
sostenido es:
el participio
Multiple Entries:
sostener
sostenido
sostener ( conjugate sostener) verbo transitivo
1 ( apoyar)
‹carga/peso› to bear
2 (sujetar, tener cogido) ‹ paquete› to hold;◊ no tengas miedo, yo te sostengo don't be afraid, I've got you o I'm holding you
3 ‹conversación/relación/reunión› to have
4
5
sostenerse verbo pronominala) ( no caerse):
apenas se sostenía en pie he could hardly stand
sostenido◊ -da adjetivo
sharp;
re sostenido D sharp
sostener verbo transitivo
1 (un peso, cúpula, etc) to support, hold up
(con la mano) sosténme el paraguas un momento, hold the umbrella for me for a moment
2 fig (un derecho, etc) to uphold
(una teoría) to maintain
3 (a la familia) to support
4 (negociaciones, una conversación) to have
sostenido,-a adj Mús sharp
sostenido G-sharp
(en solfeo) soh
' sostenido' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
do
- fa
- la
- re
- sostenida
- si
- sol
English:
B
- C
- sharp
- sustained
- unflagging
* * *sostenido, -a♦ adj1. [persistente] sustained2. Mús sharp;do sostenido C sharp♦ nmMús sharp* * *I adj sharp;fa sostenido MÚS F sharpII m MÚS sharp* * *sostenido, -da adj1) : sustained, prolonged2) : sharp (in music)sostenido nm: sharp (in music) -
30 -ism
•• В русском языке слова, оканчивающиеся на - изм, как правило, обозначают какое-либо идейно-политическое или культурное течение, реже – то или иное явление в жизни общества (ср. шутливое пофигизм, пока не вошедшее в словари, – привычка или тенденция наплевательски относиться к каким-либо делам, вопросам). В английском языке образование новых слов при помощи - ism является продуктивной моделью. Поэтому значение таких слов шире, и при переводе, в зависимости от контекста, их обычно переводят словосочетанием: activism – активная позиция, активное отношение к чему-либо; symbolism – символическое значение, символика; sensationalism [of the media] – любовь к сенсациям, скандалам; сенсационная подача новостей; volunteerism – общественная активность.
•• * Поскольку слова, оканчивающиеся на - ism, в русском языке обозначают обычно идеологию или политическое течение и реже – явление в жизни общества, а для английского характерно именно последнее, такие слова, как activism, symbolism, sensationalism, volunteerism во многих случаях лучше переводить при помощи словосочетаний. Интересно в этой связи слово exceptionalism, не включенное в ABBYY Lingvo, возможно по причине его «очевидности», и помечаемое в Новом БАРСе как книжное (на мой взгляд, это неверно). American Heritage Dictionary определяет его следующим образом: 1. The condition of being exceptional or unique. 2. The theory or belief that something, especially a nation, does not conform to a pattern or norm.
•• Второе значение часто встречается в публицистике в применении к США. Недавно вышла книга American Exceptionalism: A Double-Edged Sword. Издательство резюмирует ее проблематику следующим образом:
•• Is America unique? One of our major political analysts explores the deeply held but often inarticulated beliefs that shape the American creed.
•• Может показаться, что первое и второе значения здесь сливаются, и хочется перевести название книги как Особый путь: вера в исключительность Америки – обоюдоострый меч.
•• Но это слово встречается не только в политическом или социологическом контексте, как видно из следующей цитаты:
•• <...> myths about internet exceptionalism: the notion that the internet is fundamentally unique – representing a distinctive break from past – and that we’ll be driven by the “ spirit of the net” without the normalisation evident in adoption of other new technologies.
•• Здесь в переводе вполне подойдет предлагаемый в Новом БАРСе вариант исключительность, хотя лучше, видимо, провести
•• некоторую синтаксическую перестройку: мифы о том, что Интернет есть нечто исключительное. Но в следующем примере из Washington Post такой перевод был бы неудачен:
•• Mr. Dean’s carefully prepared speech was described as a move toward the center, but in key ways it shifted him farther from the mainstream. <...> Mr. Dean’s exceptionalism, however, is not limited to Iraq. It can be found in his support for limiting the overseas deployments of the National Guard – a potentially radical change in the U.S. defense posture – and in his readiness to yield to the demands of North Korea’s brutal communist dictatorship.
•• Может показаться, что это – окказиональное употребление этого слова, но оно полностью соответствует первому значению в AHD. Предлагаемый мною перевод, видимо, надо признать контекстуальным, но он, как говорится, напрашивается. Отход от mainstream (т.е. от «основного русла», «генеральной линии» – в данном случае демократической партии) – это, скорее всего, особая позиция:
•• Однако г-н Дин занимает особую позицию не только по иракской проблеме. Такая позиция просматривается и в его стремлении ограничить развертывание национальной гвардии за рубежом, что было бы радикальным отходом от принципов оборонной доктрины США, и в его готовности уступить требованиям жестокого диктаторского режима Северной Кореи.
•• Еще два интересных примера на ту же тему:
•• Not one has substantiated the allegation that Saddam was stockpiling WMD, let alone that he was considering passing them to al-Qaida. The link is a product of Blair’s imagination and the moral reductionism he mistakes for statesmanship. The world, as he sees it, consists of “ good guys” and “ bad guys”, with the latter combining to form a composite threat. (Guardian)
•• This time the nation is far more polarized, and his path, in Iraq and politically, was less clear. Certainly, there was no hint of the triumphalism of 50 weeks ago, when Mr. Bush stood on the deck of the aircraft carrier Abraham Lincoln off San Diego before a banner declaring “Mission Accomplished.” (New York Times)
•• Reductionism – упрощенный подход/взгляд на мир. Moral reductionism я бы в данном случае перевел просто морализаторство. Triumphalism встречается часто, и я был бы не против триумфализма и по-русски. Но большинство редакторов это скорее всего не пропустили бы. Может быть, триумфальный/победный настрой/тон.
•• Но в данном контексте можно сказать и хвастливый тон/хвастливые высказывания и даже (почему бы не рискнуть?) шапкозакидательство. А вот сталинское головокружение от успехов – уже нельзя (хотя соблазн велик и по смыслу вполне подходит), ибо это было бы аллюзией, которой в английском тексте, разумеется, нет.
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31 LOVE
1) Шутливое выражение: Laughter Optimism Volunteerism And Enthusiasm, Lousy Overrated Vile Emotion2) Химия: Linguistics Of Visible English3) Религия: Light Of Valuable Energy4) Метеорология: Locomotion Observing Visionary Empowerment5) Юридический термин: Leave Out Violence Everywhere, Let Our Violence End, Love Overcomes Violence Eternally6) Грубое выражение: Lashings Of Violent Exercise7) Университет: Lawrence Organizing Voices For Empowerment8) Транспорт: Leaving Our Vehicles Elsewhere9) Фирменный знак: Lawrence's Organized Volunteer Enterprise10) Деловая лексика: Loss Of Valuable Energy11) Образование: Let Older Volunteers Educate12) Пластмассы: Legs Open Very Easy -
32 Love
1) Шутливое выражение: Laughter Optimism Volunteerism And Enthusiasm, Lousy Overrated Vile Emotion2) Химия: Linguistics Of Visible English3) Религия: Light Of Valuable Energy4) Метеорология: Locomotion Observing Visionary Empowerment5) Юридический термин: Leave Out Violence Everywhere, Let Our Violence End, Love Overcomes Violence Eternally6) Грубое выражение: Lashings Of Violent Exercise7) Университет: Lawrence Organizing Voices For Empowerment8) Транспорт: Leaving Our Vehicles Elsewhere9) Фирменный знак: Lawrence's Organized Volunteer Enterprise10) Деловая лексика: Loss Of Valuable Energy11) Образование: Let Older Volunteers Educate12) Пластмассы: Legs Open Very Easy -
33 love
1) Шутливое выражение: Laughter Optimism Volunteerism And Enthusiasm, Lousy Overrated Vile Emotion2) Химия: Linguistics Of Visible English3) Религия: Light Of Valuable Energy4) Метеорология: Locomotion Observing Visionary Empowerment5) Юридический термин: Leave Out Violence Everywhere, Let Our Violence End, Love Overcomes Violence Eternally6) Грубое выражение: Lashings Of Violent Exercise7) Университет: Lawrence Organizing Voices For Empowerment8) Транспорт: Leaving Our Vehicles Elsewhere9) Фирменный знак: Lawrence's Organized Volunteer Enterprise10) Деловая лексика: Loss Of Valuable Energy11) Образование: Let Older Volunteers Educate12) Пластмассы: Legs Open Very Easy -
34 волонтерская деятельность
Business: volunteerismУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > волонтерская деятельность
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35 добровольческая деятельность
General subject: volunteerismУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > добровольческая деятельность
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36 volontarismo
volontarismo s.m.1 volunteerism2 (fil.) voluntarism.* * *[volonta'rismo]sostantivo maschile voluntarism* * *volontarismo/volonta'rismo/sostantivo m.voluntarism. -
37 -ism
в английском языке образование новых слов при помощи этого суффикса является продуктивной моделью, поэтому значение таких слов шире, чем в русском языке, где слова, оканчивающиеся на -изм, обозначают какое-либо идейно-политическое или культурное течение, реже — то или иное явление в жизни общества; обычно слова на -ism переводятся словосочетаниямиactivism — активная позиция, активное отношение к чему-либо
symbolism — символическое значение, символика
sensationalism (of the media) — любовь к сенсациям, скандалам, сенсационная подача новостей
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38 -ism
Суффикс -ism, ранее чаще всего имевший значение «умение, теория», приобрел новые значения.-ism:ageism – дискриминация по возрасту при приеме на работуbufferism – дискриминация стариков за их консерватизмconsumerism – защита интересов потребителяcroneyism – назначение на пост по знакомству (блат)do-doism – тупость, косностьdo-nothingism – пассивность, саботажebulism – закипание жидкости при резком сбросе давленияechoism – звукоподражаниеexpatriatism – длительное пребывание за границейheightism – дискриминация женщин высокого роста и мужчин низкого ростаlegalism – приверженность букве законаme-toism – конформизмnimbyism – эгоистичный протест против строительства новостроек в своем районеparrotism – подражание, болтовня («попугайного» типа)sacerdotalism – поповщина, жречествоsexism – дискриминация женщин при приеме на работуvolunteerism – добровольное участие в общественной работеwholism – холизм, философия целостностиworkholism – одержимость работой -
39 -ism
Суффикс -ism, ранее чаще всего имевший значение «умение, теория», приобрел новые значения.-ism:ageism – дискриминация по возрасту при приеме на работуbufferism – дискриминация стариков за их консерватизмconsumerism – защита интересов потребителяcroneyism – назначение на пост по знакомству (блат)do-doism – тупость, косностьdo-nothingism – пассивность, саботажebulism – закипание жидкости при резком сбросе давленияechoism – звукоподражаниеexpatriatism – длительное пребывание за границейheightism – дискриминация женщин высокого роста и мужчин низкого ростаlegalism – приверженность букве законаme-toism – конформизмnimbyism – эгоистичный протест против строительства новостроек в своем районеparrotism – подражание, болтовня («попугайного» типа)sacerdotalism – поповщина, жречествоsexism – дискриминация женщин при приеме на работуvolunteerism – добровольное участие в общественной работеwholism – холизм, философия целостностиworkholism – одержимость работой -
40 volonterstvo
См. также в других словарях:
Volunteerism — is the willingness of people to work on behalf of others without being motivated by financial gain. Volunteers may have special training as rescuers, guides, assistants, teachers, missionaries, amateur radio operators, writers, and in other… … Wikipedia
volunteerism — 1844, with reference to armed forces; from VOLUNTEER (Cf. volunteer) + ISM (Cf. ism). In reference to volunteer labor in community activities, by 1977 … Etymology dictionary
volunteerism — [väl΄ən tir′iz΄əm] n. the theory or practice of being a volunteer or of using volunteers, as, without pay, in social agencies, charitable organizations, etc … English World dictionary
volunteerism — noun Date: 1844 1. voluntarism 1 2. the act or practice of doing volunteer work in community service … New Collegiate Dictionary
volunteerism — /vol euhn tear iz euhm/, n. 1. voluntarism (def. 2). 2. the policy or practice of volunteering one s time or talents for charitable, educational, or other worthwhile activities, esp. in one s community. [1835 45; VOLUNTEER + ISM] * * * … Universalium
volunteerism — noun The reliance on volunteers to perform an important social or educational function … Wiktionary
volunteerism — n. act of donating one s time to a particular activity (without salary) … English contemporary dictionary
volunteerism — noun chiefly N. Amer. the use or involvement of volunteer labour, especially in community services … English new terms dictionary
volunteerism — vol·un·teer·ism … English syllables
volunteerism — vol•un•teer•ism [[t]ˌvɒl ənˈtɪər ɪz əm[/t]] n. 1) cvb voluntarism 2) 2) cvb the policy or practice of volunteering one s time or services, as for charitable or community work • Etymology: 1835–45 … From formal English to slang
volunteerism — /vɒlənˈtɪərɪzəm/ (say voluhn tearrizuhm) noun the system of volunteer participation in activities of benefit to the community …