viz

flamma, ae (archaic gen. sing. flammaï, Lucr. 1, 725; 900; 5, 1099), f. [for flagma, v. flagro; cf. Gr. phlegma, from phlegô], a blazing fire, a blaze, flame (cf. ignis).

Lit.: fana flammā deflagrata, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 116 ed. Vahl.); Lucr. 6, 1169:

dicere aiunt Ennium, flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi quam bona dicta teneat,

Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 222:

flammam concipere,

to take fire, Caes. B. C. 2, 14, 2:

flammā torreri,

id. B. G. 5, 43, 4:

flamma ab utroque cornu comprehensa, naves sunt combustae,

id. B. C. 3, 101, 5:

circumventi flammā,

id. B. G. 6, 16, 4:

effusa flamma pluribus locis reluxit,

Liv. 30, 6, 5:

flammam sedare,

Cic. Rep. 1, 42 fin.:

lumina illa non flammae, sed scintillis inter fumum emicantibus similia,

Quint. 8, 5, 29:

solis flammam per caeli caerula pasci,

the blazing light, Lucr. 1, 1090:

erat is splendidissimo candore inter flammas circulus elucens,

i. e. among the blazing stars, Cic. Rep. 6, 16:

polo fixae flammae,

Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 15:

deum genitor rutilas per nubila flammas Spargit,

i. e. flashing lightnings, id. F. 3, 285:

flammam media ipsa tenebat Ingentem,

i. e. a torch, Verg. A. 6, 518; so,

armant picis unguine flammas,

Val. Fl. 8, 302;

for ignis: modum ponere iambis flammā,

Hor. C. 1, 16, 3:

flamma ferroque absumi,

by fire and sword, Liv. 30, 6; Juv. 10, 266.—

Provv.

Flamma fumo est proxima:

Fumo comburi nihil potest, flamma potest,

i. e. the slightest approach to impropriety leads to vice, Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 53. —

E flamma cibum petere, to snatch [p. 757] food from the flames, i. e. to be reduced to extremities for want of it, Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 38 (cf. Cat. 59).—

Prius undis flamma (sc. miscebitur), sooner will fire mingle with water, of any thing impossible, Poët. ap. Cic. Phil. 13, 21, 49.—

Unda dabit flammas, Ov. Tr. 1, 8, 4.—

flamma recens parva sparsa resedit aqua, = obsta principiis, Ov. H. 17, 190.—

Transf.

Of color, flame-color:

reddit flammam excellentis purpurae,

Plin. 35, 6, 27, § 46:

stant lumina (i. e. oculi) flammā,

his eyes glare with fire, Verg. A. 6, 300; cf.:

rubrā suffusus lumina flammā,

Ov. M. 11, 368.—

Fever-heat, Ov. M. 7, 554.—

Trop., viz., acc. as the notion of glowing heat or of destructive power predominates (cf. flagro, II.).—

The flame or fire of passion, esp. of love, the flame or glow of love, flame, passion, love:

amoris turpissimi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 35, § 92:

cuncto concepit pectore flammam Funditus,

Cat. 64, 92; cf.:

excute virgineo conceptas pectore flammas,

Ov. M. 7, 17:

digne puer meliore flammā,

Hor. C. 1, 27, 20:

ira feri mota est: spirat pectore flammas,

Ov. M. 8, 355; Sil. 17, 295:

omnis illa vis et quasi flamma oratoris,

Cic. Brut. 24, 93; cf.:

scilicet non ceram illam neque figuram tantam vim in sese habere, sed memoria rerum gestarum eam flammam egregiis viris in pectore crescere,

Sall. J. 4, 6.—

A devouring flame, destructive fire, suffering, danger:

incidi in ipsam flammam civilis discordiae vel potius belli,

Cic. Fam. 16, 11, 2:

invidiae,

id. de Or. 3, 3, 11:

is se tum eripuit flammā,

id. Brut. 23, 90:

implacatae gulae,

i. e. raging hunger, Ov. M. 8, 849.—

Flamma Jovis, the name of a red flower, Plin. 27, 7, 27, § 44.

Flamma, ae, m., a Roman surname, Tac. H. 4, 45.

foedĭtas, ātis, f. [1. foedus], foulness, filthiness, horridness, hideousness, ugliness, deformity (class.).

Physically:

multae beluae insectantes odoris intolerabili foeditate depellunt,

stench, Cic. N. D. 2, 50, 127:

foeditas, qua Sulla obiit,

Plin. 11, 33, 39, § 114:

foeditates cicatricum,

id. 33, 6, 35, § 110:

Hipponacti notabilis foeditas vultus erat,

id. 36, 5, 4, § 12:

cujus scelere in hac vestitus foeditate fuerimus (viz. in a military cloak),

Cic. Phil. 12, 6, 12:

avertere omnes a tanta foeditate spectaculi (i. e. Mettii quadrigis discerpti) oculos,

Liv. 1, 28, 11:

Alpium,

id. 21, 58 fin. —

Mentally:

si turpitudo in deformitate corporis habet aliquid offensionis, quanta illa depravatio et foeditas turpificati animi debet videri?

Cic. Off. 3, 29, 105:

foeditate sua turpitudo ipsa deterret,

id. Fin. 3, 11, 38; Quint. 8, 6, 15:

prima barbarismi ac soloecismi foeditas absit,

id. 1, 5, 4; 12, 10, 76.

grātus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. har-jami, love, desire; Gr. chairô, charma, charis].

Pass., beloved, dear, acceptable, pleasing, agreeable (syn.: acceptus, jucundus, optatus, dulcis, blandus, suavis; in this signif. in ante-Aug. prose, viz. in Cic. and Cæs., only of things; gratiosus, mostly of persons).

Of things:

non ille (amor tuus) quidem mihi ignotus, sed tamen gratus et optatus: dicerem jucundus, nisi id verbum in omne tempus perdidissem,

Cic. Fam. 5, 15, 1; cf.:

illud tamen dicam, mihi id, quod fecisti, esse gratissimum. Tale enim tuum judicium non potest mihi non summe esse jucundum. Quod cum ita sit, esse gratum necesse est,

id. ib. 13, 8, 2:

ista veritas, etiam si jucunda non est, mihi tamen grata est,

id. Att. 3, 24, 2; cf. also: cujus officia jucundiora licet saepe mihi fuerint, numquam tamen gratiora, id. Fam. 4, 6, 1:

quae omnia mihi jucunda, hoc extremum etiam gratum fuit,

id. ib. 10, 3, 1;

so corresp. or connected with jucundus,

id. ib. 1, 17, 6; id. Rosc. Am. 18, 51; id. Cat. 4, 1, 1; Plin. 26, 3, 8, § 14; Plin. Ep. 5, 3, 1; 8, 23, 5:

quid est, quod aut populo Romano gratius esse debeat aut sociis exterisque nationibus optatius esse possit,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 3, 7; so with optatus cf. above, the passage Cic. Fam. 5, 15, 1: quod approbaris, id gratum acceptumque habendum. id. Tusc. 5, 15, 45; cf.:

mihi pol grata acceptaque hujus est benignitas,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 49; Cat. 96, 1:

munus eorum gratum acceptumque esse,

Nep. Hann. 7;

rarely in the contrary order: quorum mihi Dona accepta et grata habeo, tuaque ingrata,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 56: Tox. Credidi gratum fore Beneficium meum apud te. Do. Immo equidem gratiam tibi habeo, id. Pers. 4, 7, 8; cf.:

grata tibi esse mea officia non miror: cognovi enim te gratissimum omnium, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 5, 11, 1:

quam multi, ut Galli, ut Poeni homines immolare et pium et diis immortalibus gratissimum esse duxerunt!

Cic. Rep. 3, 9; cf. Caes. B. G. 6, 16, 5; Cic. ap. Non. 398, 28 (Rep. 6, 2 Mos.); cf. in comp.:

sedere in his scholis gratius erat quam ire per solitudines, etc.,

Plin. 26, 2, 6, § 11; cf.

also: hedera est gratissima Baccho,

Ov. F. 3, 767:

dapibus supremi Grata testudo Jovis,

Hor. C. 1, 32, 14:

eoque erat cujusque gratior in re publica virtus, quod, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 2, 34 fin.; 2, 35:

o diva, gratum quae regis Antium,

Hor. C. 1, 35, 1; cf.:

grato sub antro,

id. ib. 1, 5, 3:

locus,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 46:

tempus,

id. ib. 2, 2, 198:

hora,

id. ib. 1, 4, 14:

dies,

id. C. 4, 5, 7:

lux,

id. S. 1, 5, 39:

nox,

id. Carm. Sec. 23:

carmina,

id. C. 1, 15, 14; 3, 11, 23:

artes,

id. ib. 4, 13, 22:

error mentis,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 140:

protervitas,

id. C. 1, 19, 7 et saep.:

feceris, si de re publica quid sentias explicaris, nobis gratum omnibus,

will do us all a favor, Cic. Rep. 1, 21 fin.; cf.:

quamobrem utrique nostrum gratum admodum feceris,

id. Lael. 4, 16:

quod si eum interfecerit, multis sese nobilibus gratum esse facturum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 44, 20:

quapropter gratissimum mihi feceris, si curaris, ut, etc.... Hoc mihi gratius facere nihil potes,

a very great favor... no greater favor, Cic. Fam. 13, 44:

is adulescens ita locatus est, ut, quae rebus grata erant, gratiora verbis faceret,

Liv. 45, 13, 13:

gratum elocuta consiliantibus Junone divis,

something pleasant, Hor. C. 3, 3, 17.—

Of living beings.

With dat.:

Herophile Phoebo grata,

Tib. 2, 5, 68; cf.:

vates diis gratissima,

Ov. F. 1, 585; and:

superis deorum gratus (Mercurius) et imis,

Hor. C. 1, 10, 20:

donec gratus eram tibi,

id. ib. 3, 9, 1; cf. Prop. 1, 2, 31:

gratus Alexandro regi Magno fuit ille Choerilus,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 232; Suet. Caes. 27:

cui (Maecenati) cum se gratum et acceptum in modum amici videret,

id. Gramm. 21:

filio ejus Fausto gratissimus fuit,

id. ib. 12:

(cervus) gratus erat tibi,

Ov. M. 10, 121.—

Absol.:

olim gratus eram,

Prop. 1, 12, 7; Hor. C. 4, 6, 21:

conviva,

id. S. 2, 2, 119:

comitum gratissime,

Ov. M. 14, 221; cf.:

juvenum gratissime Crantor,

id. ib. 12, 367:

o mihi de fratris longe gratissime natis,

id. ib. 12, 586:

quaestor consulibus suis non minus jucundus et gratus quam usui fuit,

Plin. Ep. 8, 23, 5.—Hence, subst.: grātus, i, m., a favorite, darling:

quam (classem) non amicorum sed gratorum appellabat,

Suet. Tib. 46 fin.

Act., thankful, grateful; thankworthy, deserving or procuring thanks (beneficii memor):

cognovi te gratissimum omnium: nec enim tu mihi habuisti modo gratiam, verum etiam cumulatissime retulisti,

Cic. Fam. 5, 11, 1; cf. id. Leg. 1, 18, 49:

quamquam gratiarum actionem a te non desiderabam, cum te re ipsa atque animo scirem esse gratissimum, tamen, etc.,

id. Fam. 10, 19, 1:

si bene de me meritis gratum me praebeo, etc.,

id. Planc. 38, 91 (v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 508); cf.:

ut grati ac memores beneficii esse videantur,

id. Agr. 2, 8, 21:

Hegesaratus, magnis meis beneficiis ornatus in consulatu suo, memor et gratus fuit,

id. Fam. 13, 25; cf. also id. Att. 9, 11, A, 3:

tu quam gratus erga me fueris, ipse existimare potes,

id. Fam. 5, 5, 2; cf.: ut quam gratissimus erga te esse cognoscerer, id. ib. 1, 5, 1; Quint. 11, 2, 12: gratiorem me esse in te, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 10, 1:

si quod adest gratum juvat,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 13; id. C. 1, 12, 39:

laudo vos, Quirites, cum gratissimis animis prosequimini nomen clarissimi adolescentis,

Cic. Phil. 4, 1, 3; cf. id. ib. 14, 11, 30, and 10, 3, 7:

tu, quamcumque deus tibi fortunaverit horam, gratā sume manu,

Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 23:

quod tamen nunc faciam: tum, cum gratum mihi esse potuit, nolui,

i. e. might have procured me thanks, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 21:

est istuc datum Profecto, ut grata mihi sint, quae facio, omnia,

id. Eun. 3, 1, 6 Ruhnk.; cf.:

didicisse, quam sit re pulchrum, beneficio gratum, fama gloriosum, tyrannum occidere,

productive of gratitude, Cic. Phil. 2, 46, 117:

pro quibus beneficiis vix satis gratus videar,

Sall. H. 2, 41, 5 Dietsch.— Hence, adv.: grātē.

(Acc. to I. = jucunde.) With pleasure, agreeably, willingly (rare in the class. period):

praeterita grate meminit et, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 1, 19, 62:

liberti pupillorum grate facient, si, etc.,

Dig. 26, 10, 3:

insignis haec munificentia... nec a debitoribus magis quam a creditoribus gratius excepta,

Just. 12, 11, 2:

gratissime provocari,

Macr. S. 7, 2.—

(Acc. to II.) Thankfully, gratefully (class.):

aliquid et grate et pie facere,

Cic. Planc. 41, 98; cf.:

quid pie, quid grate, quid humaniter, aut fecerit aut tulerit,

id. de Or. 2, 11, 46; Suet. Aug. 66:

natales grate numeras,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 210:

beneficium qui dat, vult accipi grate,

Sen. Ben. 2, 31:

aliquid recipere,

Suet. Ner. 22; and in sup.:

id munus inter censoria opera gratissime acceptum est,

Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 214.

incĭpĭo, cēpi, ceptum, 3 (archaic incepsit inceperit, Paul. ex Fest. p. 107 Müll.), v. a. and n. [in-capio; lit., to seize upon, lay hold of; opp. to desinere; hence, with the accessory idea of action), to begin to do something, to take in hand (syn. incoho; in class. prose, viz. in Cic., only in the tempp. press., while coepi is used in the tempp. perff.); constr. usually with the inf., less freq. absol., with the acc., ab, or adv. of place or time.

With inf.:

ut homines mortem vel optare incipiant vel certe timere desistant,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 49, 117:

huic incipio sententiae diffidere,

id. ib. 5, 1, 3:

prius quam incipit tinnire,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 42:

bella gerere,

Cic. N. D. 2, 3, 9:

leges neglegere,

id. Rep. 1, 43 fin.:

queri cum multis incipiunt,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 56:

nimis cito diligere,

id. Lael. 21, 78:

amare aliquem,

id. ib. 16, 60:

fossas complere,

Caes. B. G. 5, 51, 4:

rem frumentariam expedire,

id. B. C. 1, 54, 4:

triplicem aciem ducere,

id. ib. 1, 64, 7;

2, 30, 1: cum maturescere frumenta inciperent,

id. ib. 6, 29, 4; cf. id. ib. 3, 49, 1:

cum primum pabuli copia esse inciperet,

id. B. G. 2, 2, 2; cf.:

ictus erat, qua crus esse incipit,

Ov. M. 6, 255; 8, 474; 15, 256:

opes pellere dominatione,

Sall. H. 3, 61, 3:

si res explicare incipiam,

Nep. Pelop. 1:

Bessus agere gratias incipit,

Curt. 5, 12, 1:

cenare,

Suet. Aug. 74:

promovere scalas,

Tac. A. 15, 4 fin.:

si dormire incipis ortu luciferi,

Juv. 8, 11:

male quod mulier facere incepit, nisi id efficere perpetrat, etc.... Si bene facere incepit, etc. (shortly afterward, occeperunt),

Plaut. Truc. 2, 5, 12 and 14:

satis nequam sum, utpote qui hodie inceperim Amare,

id. Rud. 2, 5, 5.—

Absol.:

ut incipiendi ratio fuerit, ita sit desinendi modus,

Cic. Off. 1, 37, 135; cf. Plin. Ep. 9, 4, 1; Sen. Ep. 116:

dum incipimus,

Quint. 11, 3, 144:

dum deliberamus, quando incipiendum sit, incipere jam serum est,

id. 12, 6, 3:

in incipiendo, etc.,

id. 11, 1, 6: ac statim sic rex incipit, thus begins (to speak), Sall. J. 109 fin.; cf.:

nec sic incipies, ut scriptor cyclicus olim: Fortunam Priami, etc.,

Hor. A. P. 136:

sic incipit, with a foll. direct quotation,

id. S. 2, 6, 79; Ov. M. 9, 281;

and simply incipit,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 21:

sapere aude, Incipe,

make a beginning, begin, id. Ep. 1, 2, 41; Juv. 4, 34:

priusquam incipias, consulto opus est,

Sall. C. 1, 6:

turpe inceptu est,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 4, 16:

incipientes atque adhuc teneri (pueri),

who are beginning to learn, beginners, Quint. 1, 2, 26:

incipiens,

id. 2, 5, 18; 2, 6, 5; 8 prooem. § 1; 3;

10, 7, 18: quoties madidum ver incipit,

Juv. 9, 52 al. —

With acc. (once in Cic., once in Cæs., v. infra):

facinus audax incipit,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 4, 1:

facinus,

Sall. C. 20, 3:

pugilatum,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 13:

iter,

id. Cas. 4, 4, 2:

aliquid novi negotii,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 29:

bellum (opp. deponere),

Sall. J. 83, 1:

tam prava,

id. ib. 64, 2:

indigna nobis,

id. H. 2, 41, 8:

opus,

Liv. 7, 34, 13:

bellum,

id. 21, 21, 6; 26, 37, 9; 42, 43, 3:

sementem,

Verg. G. 1, 230:

Maenalios versus,

id. E. 8, 21:

si id facere non potueris, quod, ut opinio mea fert, ne incipies quidem,

Cic. Planc. 19, 48; Quint. 1, 12, 5:

iter mihi incepi,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 1, 16:

tantum incepi operis,

id. Men. 2, 3, 80:

mandata,

Tac. A. 12, 10; 4, 46:

auspicia a parricidio,

Just. 26, 2 init.: multa, Cat. ap. Gell. 16, 14, 2.— Pass.:

tanta incepta res est,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 31:

nuptiarum gratia haec sunt ficta atque incepta,

Ter. And. 5, 1, 17; 3, 3, 7:

si inceptam oppugnationem reliquissent,

Caes. B. G. 7, 17, 6:

quia dici extremum erat, proelium non inceptum,

Sall. J. 21, 2:

proelium incipitur,

id. ib. 57, 3;

74, 2: saxis proelium incipitur,

Tac. H. 5, 17:

satis cito incipi victoriam,

id. ib. 2, 25; id. A. 2, 5; 2, 76; 12, 67 fin.:

iter inceptum celerant,

Verg. A. 8, 90:

inceptumque decurre laborem,

id. G. 2, 39:

inceptum frustra summitte furorem,

id. A. 12, 832:

deus me vetat Inceptos iambos Ad umbilicum adducere,

Hor. Epod. 14, 7:

in re incipiunda ad defendendam noxiam,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 48:

in contentionibus aut incipiendis aut finiendis,

Quint. 11, 3, 128:

a tantis princeps incipiendus erat,

Ov. F. 5, 570.—

With ab or an adv. of place or time:

a Jove incipiendum putat,

Cic. Rep. 1, 36 (acc. to the Gr. of Aratus, ek Dios archômestha):

ab illis incipit uxor,

Juv. 6, 348; Quint. 10, 1, 46:

incipiamus ab iis,

id. 9, 2, 6:

semper ab excusatione aetatis incipientem,

id. 6, 3, 76:

potissimum incipiam ab ea parte,

id. 3, 7, 1:

optime manus a sinistra parte incipit, in dextra deponitur,

id. 11, 3, 106:

amicitia incepta a parvis cum aetate accrevit simul,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 7.— Pass. impers.:

optime incipitur a longis, recte aliquando a brevibus,

Quint. 9, 4, 92.

Neutr., to begin to be, to begin, commence (rare but class.); constr. with abl. instrum., or absol.

With abl.:

tertius sinus Acrocerauniis incipit montibus,

Plin. 4, 1, 1, § 1:

censere ut principium anni inciperet mense Decembri,

Tac. A. 13, 10:

verbum petere quo incipiant,

Quint. 10, 7, 21.—

Absol.:

cum ver esse coeperat... cum rosam viderat, tum incipere ver arbitrabatur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 27:

quoties incipit sensus aut desinit,

Quint. 9, 4, 67:

hic annus incipit vicesimus,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 3, 3:

narrationis incipit mihi initium,

Ter. And. 4, 2, 26:

jam tum inceperat turba inter eos,

id. Eun. 4, 4, 58:

tempus erat quo prima quies mortalibus aegris Incipit,

Verg. A. 2, 269:

mox Idumaea incipit et Palaestina,

Plin. 5, 13, 14, § 68:

epistula, quam incipiente febricula scripseras,

Cic. Att. 7, 8, 2:

incipientes curas principis onerari,

Tac. A. 1, 19:

incipiens adhuc et nondum adulta seditio,

id. H. 1, 31:

incipiens omnia sentit amor,

Ov. A. A. 2, 648:

Menander Syracusanus incipientis juventae,

Plin. 8, 5, 5, § 14:

incipiente aestate,

id. 27, 13, 109, § 133:

trixago incipientibus hydropicis efficax,

id. 24, 15, 80, § 131:

quem (honorem) et incipientes principes et desinentes adeo concupis cunt ut auferant,

Plin. Pan. 57.—Hence, in-ceptum, i, n., a beginning, attempt, undertaking (freq. in historians and poets, but not in Cæs.;

also rare in Cic.): cujus ego non modo factum, sed inceptum ullum conatumve contra patriam deprehendero,

Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

servetur ad imum, Qualis ab incepto processerit (persona),

from the beginning onwards, Hor. A. P. 127: permanere in incepto, Luccei. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 14 fin.:

a quo incepto studioque me ambitio mala detinuerat,

Sall. C. 4, 2:

cujus neque consilium neque inceptum ullum frustra erat,

id. J. 7, 6; cf.:

ni ea res longius nos ab incepto traheret,

the subject, id. ib. 7 fin.:

absistere incepto,

Liv. 31, 26, 5:

desistere incepto,

Verg. A. 1, 37:

haerere in incepto,

id. ib. 2, 654:

peragere inceptum,

id. ib. 4, 452; cf.:

perficere inceptum,

Sall. J. 11 fin.:

piget incepti,

Verg. A. 5, 678:

nunc ad inceptum redeo,

Sall. J. 4, 9; 42, 5:

turpe inceptum est,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 4, 16.— In plur.:

cupidus incepta patrandi,

Sall. J. 70, 5:

juventus Catilinae inceptis favebat,

id. C. 17, 6:

incepta mea inpedivit,

id. H. 4, 61, 12; cf.:

inceptis annue, diva, meis,

Ov. Am. 3, 2, 56; and:

di nostra incepta secundent,

Verg. A. 7, 259:

gravia et magna professa,

Hor. A. P. 14.

intĕr-amnus, a, um, adj. [amnis], that is between two rivers (as an adj., late Lat.): terras interamnas (al. interamnanas) recepimus (viz. Mesopotamia), Lampr. Alex. Sev. 56:

Nilus ad insulae faciem spatia amplectitur interamna,

Sol. 32, 1.— Hence,

Intĕramna, ae, f. (sc. urbs).

The name of several Italian cities, Varr. L. L. 5, § 28.—Esp.

A city of Umbria, surrounded by the river Nar, the birthplace of the historian Tacitus and of the emperor of the same name, now Terni, Cic. Mil. 17, 46; id. Att. 2, 1, 5; Tac. H. 3, 63, 2.—

A city in Latium, on the Liris, now Teramo, Cic. Phil. 2, 41, 105; Liv. 26, 9, 3. — Also called Interamnĭum, ii, n., Flor. 3, 21, 27. —

Derivv.

Interamnas, ātis, adj., of or belonging to Interamna:

ager,

Liv. 10, 39, 1. — Subst.: Interam-nātes, ium, m., inhabitants of Interamna, Cic. Att. 4, 15, 5:

Interamnates cognomine Nartes,

Plin. 3, 14, 19 § 113.— Sing.:

C. Causinius Schola, Interamnas,

Cic. Mil. 17, 46. —

‡ Intĕramnānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Interamna, Inscr. ap. Don. 161, 3.—

‡ Intĕramnātus, a, um, the same:

CIVITAS,

Inscr. Orell. 3773.

intĕr-amnus, a, um, adj. [amnis], that is between two rivers (as an adj., late Lat.): terras interamnas (al. interamnanas) recepimus (viz. Mesopotamia), Lampr. Alex. Sev. 56:

Nilus ad insulae faciem spatia amplectitur interamna,

Sol. 32, 1.— Hence,

Intĕramna, ae, f. (sc. urbs).

The name of several Italian cities, Varr. L. L. 5, § 28.—Esp.

A city of Umbria, surrounded by the river Nar, the birthplace of the historian Tacitus and of the emperor of the same name, now Terni, Cic. Mil. 17, 46; id. Att. 2, 1, 5; Tac. H. 3, 63, 2.—

A city in Latium, on the Liris, now Teramo, Cic. Phil. 2, 41, 105; Liv. 26, 9, 3. — Also called Interamnĭum, ii, n., Flor. 3, 21, 27. —

Derivv.

Interamnas, ātis, adj., of or belonging to Interamna:

ager,

Liv. 10, 39, 1. — Subst.: Interam-nātes, ium, m., inhabitants of Interamna, Cic. Att. 4, 15, 5:

Interamnates cognomine Nartes,

Plin. 3, 14, 19 § 113.— Sing.:

C. Causinius Schola, Interamnas,

Cic. Mil. 17, 46. —

‡ Intĕramnānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Interamna, Inscr. ap. Don. 161, 3.—

‡ Intĕramnātus, a, um, the same:

CIVITAS,

Inscr. Orell. 3773.

intĕr-amnus, a, um, adj. [amnis], that is between two rivers (as an adj., late Lat.): terras interamnas (al. interamnanas) recepimus (viz. Mesopotamia), Lampr. Alex. Sev. 56:

Nilus ad insulae faciem spatia amplectitur interamna,

Sol. 32, 1.— Hence,

Intĕramna, ae, f. (sc. urbs).

The name of several Italian cities, Varr. L. L. 5, § 28.—Esp.

A city of Umbria, surrounded by the river Nar, the birthplace of the historian Tacitus and of the emperor of the same name, now Terni, Cic. Mil. 17, 46; id. Att. 2, 1, 5; Tac. H. 3, 63, 2.—

A city in Latium, on the Liris, now Teramo, Cic. Phil. 2, 41, 105; Liv. 26, 9, 3. — Also called Interamnĭum, ii, n., Flor. 3, 21, 27. —

Derivv.

Interamnas, ātis, adj., of or belonging to Interamna:

ager,

Liv. 10, 39, 1. — Subst.: Interam-nātes, ium, m., inhabitants of Interamna, Cic. Att. 4, 15, 5:

Interamnates cognomine Nartes,

Plin. 3, 14, 19 § 113.— Sing.:

C. Causinius Schola, Interamnas,

Cic. Mil. 17, 46. —

‡ Intĕramnānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Interamna, Inscr. ap. Don. 161, 3.—

‡ Intĕramnātus, a, um, the same:

CIVITAS,

Inscr. Orell. 3773.

intĕr-amnus, a, um, adj. [amnis], that is between two rivers (as an adj., late Lat.): terras interamnas (al. interamnanas) recepimus (viz. Mesopotamia), Lampr. Alex. Sev. 56:

Nilus ad insulae faciem spatia amplectitur interamna,

Sol. 32, 1.— Hence,

Intĕramna, ae, f. (sc. urbs).

The name of several Italian cities, Varr. L. L. 5, § 28.—Esp.

A city of Umbria, surrounded by the river Nar, the birthplace of the historian Tacitus and of the emperor of the same name, now Terni, Cic. Mil. 17, 46; id. Att. 2, 1, 5; Tac. H. 3, 63, 2.—

A city in Latium, on the Liris, now Teramo, Cic. Phil. 2, 41, 105; Liv. 26, 9, 3. — Also called Interamnĭum, ii, n., Flor. 3, 21, 27. —

Derivv.

Interamnas, ātis, adj., of or belonging to Interamna:

ager,

Liv. 10, 39, 1. — Subst.: Interam-nātes, ium, m., inhabitants of Interamna, Cic. Att. 4, 15, 5:

Interamnates cognomine Nartes,

Plin. 3, 14, 19 § 113.— Sing.:

C. Causinius Schola, Interamnas,

Cic. Mil. 17, 46. —

‡ Intĕramnānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Interamna, Inscr. ap. Don. 161, 3.—

‡ Intĕramnātus, a, um, the same:

CIVITAS,

Inscr. Orell. 3773.

Isthmus or - os, i, m., = Isthmos, a strip of land between two seas, an isthmus, Mel. 1, 18; 2, 2.—

Esp., the Isthmus of Corinth, where the Isthmian games were celebrated, Caes. B. C. 3, 55, 2; Liv. 45, 28, 2 sq.; Plin. 4, 1, 5, § 12; Cic. Fat. 4, 7; Suet. Ner. 19; Mel. 2, 3; Ov. M. 7, 406. —

Transf., poet., a strait, viz., the Dardanelles, Prop. 3, 21, 1 (4, 22, 2).—

Derivv.

Isthmĭus, a, um, adj., = Isthmios, of or belonging to the Isthmus, Isthmian:

ludi,

Liv. 33, 32:

labor,

Hor. C. 4, 3, 3: Dione, i. e. Venus, who had a temple at Corinth, Stat. S. 2, 7, 2.—Esp. freq. subst.: Isthmĭa, ōrum, n., = ta Isthmia, the Isthmian games, celebrated every five years at the Isthmus of Corinth, the victors in which received a pine garland, Liv. 33, 32; Curt. 4, 5, 8; cf. Plin. 15, 10, 9, § 36.—

Isthmĭăcus ( Isth-mĭcus), a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Isthmus, Isthmian:

harena,

Stat. Th. 6, 557:

litus,

Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 463: coloni, i. e. Syracusans (as a colony of Corinth), Sil. 14, 341; cf.

favillae,

Stat. S. 2, 2, 68.—Form Isthmicus, Mel. 2, 3; Val. Max. 4, 8, 5.

Isthmus or - os, i, m., = Isthmos, a strip of land between two seas, an isthmus, Mel. 1, 18; 2, 2.—

Esp., the Isthmus of Corinth, where the Isthmian games were celebrated, Caes. B. C. 3, 55, 2; Liv. 45, 28, 2 sq.; Plin. 4, 1, 5, § 12; Cic. Fat. 4, 7; Suet. Ner. 19; Mel. 2, 3; Ov. M. 7, 406. —

Transf., poet., a strait, viz., the Dardanelles, Prop. 3, 21, 1 (4, 22, 2).—

Derivv.

Isthmĭus, a, um, adj., = Isthmios, of or belonging to the Isthmus, Isthmian:

ludi,

Liv. 33, 32:

labor,

Hor. C. 4, 3, 3: Dione, i. e. Venus, who had a temple at Corinth, Stat. S. 2, 7, 2.—Esp. freq. subst.: Isthmĭa, ōrum, n., = ta Isthmia, the Isthmian games, celebrated every five years at the Isthmus of Corinth, the victors in which received a pine garland, Liv. 33, 32; Curt. 4, 5, 8; cf. Plin. 15, 10, 9, § 36.—

Isthmĭăcus ( Isth-mĭcus), a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Isthmus, Isthmian:

harena,

Stat. Th. 6, 557:

litus,

Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 463: coloni, i. e. Syracusans (as a colony of Corinth), Sil. 14, 341; cf.

favillae,

Stat. S. 2, 2, 68.—Form Isthmicus, Mel. 2, 3; Val. Max. 4, 8, 5.

Isthmus or - os, i, m., = Isthmos, a strip of land between two seas, an isthmus, Mel. 1, 18; 2, 2.—

Esp., the Isthmus of Corinth, where the Isthmian games were celebrated, Caes. B. C. 3, 55, 2; Liv. 45, 28, 2 sq.; Plin. 4, 1, 5, § 12; Cic. Fat. 4, 7; Suet. Ner. 19; Mel. 2, 3; Ov. M. 7, 406. —

Transf., poet., a strait, viz., the Dardanelles, Prop. 3, 21, 1 (4, 22, 2).—

Derivv.

Isthmĭus, a, um, adj., = Isthmios, of or belonging to the Isthmus, Isthmian:

ludi,

Liv. 33, 32:

labor,

Hor. C. 4, 3, 3: Dione, i. e. Venus, who had a temple at Corinth, Stat. S. 2, 7, 2.—Esp. freq. subst.: Isthmĭa, ōrum, n., = ta Isthmia, the Isthmian games, celebrated every five years at the Isthmus of Corinth, the victors in which received a pine garland, Liv. 33, 32; Curt. 4, 5, 8; cf. Plin. 15, 10, 9, § 36.—

Isthmĭăcus ( Isth-mĭcus), a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Isthmus, Isthmian:

harena,

Stat. Th. 6, 557:

litus,

Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 463: coloni, i. e. Syracusans (as a colony of Corinth), Sil. 14, 341; cf.

favillae,

Stat. S. 2, 2, 68.—Form Isthmicus, Mel. 2, 3; Val. Max. 4, 8, 5.

Isthmus or - os, i, m., = Isthmos, a strip of land between two seas, an isthmus, Mel. 1, 18; 2, 2.—

Esp., the Isthmus of Corinth, where the Isthmian games were celebrated, Caes. B. C. 3, 55, 2; Liv. 45, 28, 2 sq.; Plin. 4, 1, 5, § 12; Cic. Fat. 4, 7; Suet. Ner. 19; Mel. 2, 3; Ov. M. 7, 406. —

Transf., poet., a strait, viz., the Dardanelles, Prop. 3, 21, 1 (4, 22, 2).—

Derivv.

Isthmĭus, a, um, adj., = Isthmios, of or belonging to the Isthmus, Isthmian:

ludi,

Liv. 33, 32:

labor,

Hor. C. 4, 3, 3: Dione, i. e. Venus, who had a temple at Corinth, Stat. S. 2, 7, 2.—Esp. freq. subst.: Isthmĭa, ōrum, n., = ta Isthmia, the Isthmian games, celebrated every five years at the Isthmus of Corinth, the victors in which received a pine garland, Liv. 33, 32; Curt. 4, 5, 8; cf. Plin. 15, 10, 9, § 36.—

Isthmĭăcus ( Isth-mĭcus), a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Isthmus, Isthmian:

harena,

Stat. Th. 6, 557:

litus,

Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 463: coloni, i. e. Syracusans (as a colony of Corinth), Sil. 14, 341; cf.

favillae,

Stat. S. 2, 2, 68.—Form Isthmicus, Mel. 2, 3; Val. Max. 4, 8, 5.

Isthmus or - os, i, m., = Isthmos, a strip of land between two seas, an isthmus, Mel. 1, 18; 2, 2.—

Esp., the Isthmus of Corinth, where the Isthmian games were celebrated, Caes. B. C. 3, 55, 2; Liv. 45, 28, 2 sq.; Plin. 4, 1, 5, § 12; Cic. Fat. 4, 7; Suet. Ner. 19; Mel. 2, 3; Ov. M. 7, 406. —

Transf., poet., a strait, viz., the Dardanelles, Prop. 3, 21, 1 (4, 22, 2).—

Derivv.

Isthmĭus, a, um, adj., = Isthmios, of or belonging to the Isthmus, Isthmian:

ludi,

Liv. 33, 32:

labor,

Hor. C. 4, 3, 3: Dione, i. e. Venus, who had a temple at Corinth, Stat. S. 2, 7, 2.—Esp. freq. subst.: Isthmĭa, ōrum, n., = ta Isthmia, the Isthmian games, celebrated every five years at the Isthmus of Corinth, the victors in which received a pine garland, Liv. 33, 32; Curt. 4, 5, 8; cf. Plin. 15, 10, 9, § 36.—

Isthmĭăcus ( Isth-mĭcus), a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Isthmus, Isthmian:

harena,

Stat. Th. 6, 557:

litus,

Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 463: coloni, i. e. Syracusans (as a colony of Corinth), Sil. 14, 341; cf.

favillae,

Stat. S. 2, 2, 68.—Form Isthmicus, Mel. 2, 3; Val. Max. 4, 8, 5.

Isthmus or - os, i, m., = Isthmos, a strip of land between two seas, an isthmus, Mel. 1, 18; 2, 2.—

Esp., the Isthmus of Corinth, where the Isthmian games were celebrated, Caes. B. C. 3, 55, 2; Liv. 45, 28, 2 sq.; Plin. 4, 1, 5, § 12; Cic. Fat. 4, 7; Suet. Ner. 19; Mel. 2, 3; Ov. M. 7, 406. —

Transf., poet., a strait, viz., the Dardanelles, Prop. 3, 21, 1 (4, 22, 2).—

Derivv.

Isthmĭus, a, um, adj., = Isthmios, of or belonging to the Isthmus, Isthmian:

ludi,

Liv. 33, 32:

labor,

Hor. C. 4, 3, 3: Dione, i. e. Venus, who had a temple at Corinth, Stat. S. 2, 7, 2.—Esp. freq. subst.: Isthmĭa, ōrum, n., = ta Isthmia, the Isthmian games, celebrated every five years at the Isthmus of Corinth, the victors in which received a pine garland, Liv. 33, 32; Curt. 4, 5, 8; cf. Plin. 15, 10, 9, § 36.—

Isthmĭăcus ( Isth-mĭcus), a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Isthmus, Isthmian:

harena,

Stat. Th. 6, 557:

litus,

Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 463: coloni, i. e. Syracusans (as a colony of Corinth), Sil. 14, 341; cf.

favillae,

Stat. S. 2, 2, 68.—Form Isthmicus, Mel. 2, 3; Val. Max. 4, 8, 5.

lībĕro, āvi, ātum, 1 (old form of the fut. perf. liberasso, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 66), v. a. [1. liber], to make or set free, to free, liberate (syn. vindico).

Lit., to release from slavery, to free, manumil:

amicas emite, liberate,

Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 22:

liberem ego te?

id. Men. 5, 7, 35:

servos,

Caes. B. C. 3, 9:

sese,

Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 182:

aliquem vindictā liberare,

Plin. Ep. 7, 16, 4.—

Transf.

In gen., to free, release, extricate, deliver (cf. levo) a person or thing from something (an obligation, debt, difficulty, etc.); constr.: aliquem (aliquid) ab aliqua re, with simple abl.; less freq. with gen.

With personal objects.

With ab:

teque item ab eo vindico ac libero,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1:

se a Venere,

to release one's self from one's duty to Venus, id. Div. in Caecil. 17, 53.—

With abl.: divortio te liberabo incommodis, Poët. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38:

defensionum laboribus senatoriisque muneribus liberatus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 1:

aliquem culpā,

id. Att. 13, 22, 3:

aliquem invidiā,

id. N. D. 1, 6, 13:

aliquem suspicione crudelitatis,

id. Fam. 1, 2, 3:

aliquem magnā sollicitudine,

id. Att. 6, 1, 10; cf.:

populum metu,

id. Rep. 1, 16, 25:

liberatus omni perturbatione animi,

id. ib. 1, 17, 28:

aliquem periculo,

Caes. B. C. 3, 83:

obsidione,

id. B. G. 4, 19:

se aere alieno,

to pay a debt, Cic. Att. 6, 2, 4.—

With gen.:

aliquem culpae,

Liv. 41, 19:

voti liberari,

id. 5, 28.—

With ex:

multos ex incommodis pecuniā,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 9, § 23.—

With simple acc.:

vectigales multos ac stipendiarios liberavit,

exempted from taxes, Cic. Prov. Cons. 5, 10:

Volusii liberandi, meum fuit consilium,

to release from obligation, id. Fam. 5, 20, 4:

Buthrotios cum Caesar decreto suo liberavisset, viz.,

from a division of their lands, id. Att. 16, 16, C, 11:

amotusque post triumphum abdicatione dictaturae terror et linguam et animos liberaverat hominum,

Liv. 6, 16, 8:

(debitores) capitis deminutione liberantur,

i. e. from debt, Gai. Inst. 3, 84 al. —

With inanim. and abstr. objects:

eum (mundum) ab omni erratione liberavit,

Cic. Univ. 6; cf.

below, at the end of this number: quorum linguae sic inhaererent, ut loqui non possent, eae scalpello resectae liberarentur,

would be set free, id. Div. 2, 46, 96: liberare agros, to free or exempt from taxes, id. Agr. 1, 4, 10:

publica liberare,

id. ib. 2, 21, 57; cf.:

liberari omnia Asiae emporia portusque,

Liv. 32, 33:

liberata vectigalia,

id. 41, 28:

fundum alii obligatum liberare,

Dig. 18, 1, 41:

liberare fidem,

to discharge one's promise, keep one's word, Cic. Fl. 20, 47:

liberare promissa,

to cancel promises, to make them void and of no effect, id. Off. 1, 10, 33:

nomina,

to settle debts, Liv. 7, 21: impensam, to clear or repay expenses, Col. 3, 3.—Of an abstr. object:

divinum animum corpore liberatum cogitatione complecti,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 22, 51.—

In partic.

To absolve or acquit in a court of justice (syn.:

absolvo, solvo): aliquem, opp. condemnare,

Cic. Clu. 22, 60:

aliquem crimine aliquo,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 29, § 71: liberatur Milo, non eo consilio profectus esse, is acquitted of the charge of having undertaken a journey with the design, etc., id. Mil. 18, 47:

reum a judicibus hoc defensionis modo liberari non posse,

Quint. 7, 4, 20.—Very rarely with acc. of the charge:

crimen libidinis confessio intemperantiae liberavit,

Val. Max. 8, 1, 12.—

To clear, i. e. to pass, traverse, cross over a place without hinderance (post - Aug.):

flumen,

Front. Strat. 1, 5, 3; 4, 7, 28; Hyg. Fab. 257:

angustias freti,

Front. Strat. 1, 4, 13:

limen,

Petr. 136.—

Templa liberata, freed from buildings that obstructed the view, i. e. having a free prospect, Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 21.

bŏnus (old form dŭonus, Carm. Sall. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Mull.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 67 Mull.), a, um, adj. [for duonus, cf. bellum, bis, and cf. root dvi-; hence deidô, deos], good; comp. melior, us [cf. Gr. mala, mallon], better; sup. optimus ( optumus, ante-class. and often class.) [root opof ops, opes; cf. copia, apiscor], best.

Attributively.

As adjunct of nouns denoting persons.

Vir bonus.

A man morally good (kalos kagathos):

quoniam boni me viri pauperant, improbi alunt,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:

omnibus virtutibus instructos et ornatos tum sapientes, tum viros bonos dicimus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 28:

ille vir bonus qui... intolerabili dolore lacerari potius quam aut officium prodat aut fidem,

id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:

sive vir bonus est is qui prodest quibus potest, nocet nemini, certe istum virum bonum non facile reperimus,

id. Off. 3, 15, 64:

qui se ita gerunt ut eorum probitas, fides, integritas, etc.... hos viros bonos... appellandos putemus,

id. Lael. 5, 19:

non intellegunt se de callido homine loqui, non de bono viro,

id. Att. 7, 2, 4:

ut quisque est vir optimus, ita difficillime esse alios improbos suspicatur,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 12:

nec enim melior vir fuit Africano quisquam, nec clarior,

id. Lael. 2, 6; id. Leg. 1, 14, 41; 1, 18, 48; id. Planc. 4, 9; id. Par. 3, 1, 21; id. Marcell. 6, 20; id. Fam. 7, 21; id. Off. 2, 16, 57.—

An honest man:

justitia, ex qua viri boni nominantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 7, 21; 1, 44, 155; 2, 11, 39; 2, 12, 42; 2, 20, 71;

3, 12, 50: cum is sponsionem fecisset ni vir bonus esset,

id. ib. 3, 19, 77:

quoniam Demosthenes nec vir bonus esset, nec bene meritus de civitate,

id. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116.—

A man of good standing in the community:

id viri boni arbitratu deducetur,

Cato, R. R. 143; so id. ib. 149:

tuam partem viri bono arbitratu... dari oportet,

Dig. 17, 1, [p. 244] 35;

37, 6, 2, § 2: quem voles virum bonum nominato,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 55:

vir bonus est... quo res sponsore, et quo causae teste tenentur,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 40.—Hence, ironically of wealthy men:

praetores jus dicunt, aediles ludos parant, viri boni usuras perscribunt,

Cic. Att. 9, 12, 3.—

Ironically of bad men:

sed eccum lenonem Lycum, bonum virum,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 52; Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 9; 4, 3, 18; id. Ad. 3, 4, 30:

expectabam quinam isti viri boni testes hujus manifesto deprehensi veneni dicerentur,

Cic. Cael. 26, 63:

nam socer ejus, vir multum bonus est,

id. Agr. 3, 3, 13;

so especially in addresses (mostly comic.): age tu, illuc procede, bone vir!

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 1; id. Curc. 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 4, 7, 48; id. Pers. 5, 2, 11; Ter. And. 3, 5, 10; 5, 2, 5; id. Ad. 4, 2, 17; id. Eun. 5, 2, 11:

quid tu, vir optime? Ecquid habes quod dicas?

Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104.—

Sometimes boni viri = boni, in the sense of optimates (v. I. A. 3.):

bonis viris quid juris reliquit tribunatus C. Gracchi?

Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20.—

As a conventional courtesy:

homines optimi non intellegunt, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25:

bone accusator,

id. Rosc. Am. 21, 58:

sic illum amicum vocasti, quomodo omnes candidatos bonos viros dicimus,

gentlemen, Sen. Ep. 3, 1.—For bonus vir, a good husband, v. 3.; and for vir optimus, as a laudatory epithet, v. 5.—

Boni homines (rare) = boni, better classes of society, v. II. A. 3:

in foro infimo boni homines atque dites ambulant,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14.—

With nouns denoting persons in regard to their functions, offices, occupations, and qualities, denoting excellence:

bonus consul,

Liv. 4, 40, 6; 22, 39, 2 (different: consules duos, bonos quidem, sed dumtaxat bonos, amisimus, consuls of good sentiments, almost = bad consuls, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 3, 4):

boni tribuni plebis,

Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 25:

bonus senator,

id. Prov. Cons. 15, 37:

senator bonus,

id. Dom. 4, 8:

bonus judex,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 34:

bonus augur (ironically),

id. Phil. 2, 32, 80:

bonus vates,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 27:

bonus imperator,

Sall. C. 60, 4:

bonus dux,

Quint. 12, 1, 43 (cf. trop.:

naturam, optimam ducem,

the best guide, Cic. Sen. 2, 5):

bonus miles,

Sall. C. 60, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 15, 5:

bonus orator,

Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:

optimus orator,

id. Opt. Gen. 1, 3:

poeta bonus,

id. de Or. 1, 3, 11; 2, 46, 194; id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:

scriptor bonus,

Quint. 10, 1, 104:

bonus advocatus,

id. 5, 13, 10:

bonus defensor,

id. 5, 13, 3:

bonus altercator,

a good debater, id. 6, 4, 10:

bonus praeceptor,

id. 5, 13, 44; 10, 5, 22:

bonus gubernator,

Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 100:

optimus opifex,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 133:

sutor bonus,

id. ib. 1, 3, 125:

actor optimus,

Cic. Sest. 57, 122:

cantor optimus est modulator,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 130:

melior gladiator,

Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 33: agricola (colonus, dominus) bonus, Cato, R. R. prooem.; Cic. Sen. 16, 56:

bonus paterfamilias,

a thrifty head of the house, Nep. Att. 13, 1:

bonus servus,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 58; id. Am. 2, 1, 46; id. Men. 5, 6, 1; Cic. Mil. 22, 58:

dominus bonus,

Cato, R. R. 14:

bonus custos,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38.—Ironically, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 57:

filius bonus,

Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 9:

patres,

Quint. 11, 3, 178:

parens,

id. 6, prooem. 4: bonus (melior, optimus), viz. a good husband, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 51 sq.; Liv. 1, 9, 15:

uxor melior,

Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:

amicus,

id. Fam. 2, 15, 3:

amicus optimus,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 18:

optimus testis,

Cic. Fam. 7, 27, 2:

auctor, in two senses,

good authority, id. Att. 5, 12, 3;

and = bonus scriptor (post-class.),

Quint. 10, 1, 74.—Esp.:

bonus civis (rarely civis bonus): in re publica ea velle quae tranquilla et honesta sint: talem enim solemus et sentire bonum civem et dicere, Cic.-Off. 1, 34, 124: eaque est summa ratio et sapientia boni civis, commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere,

id. ib. 2, 23, 83:

eum esse civem et fidelem et bonum,

Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 15; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; 1, 9, 10; 3, 12, 1; 6, 6, 11; id. Off. 1, 44, 155; Liv. 22, 39, 3; Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 10 Dietsch:

optimus et fortissimus civis,

Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; id. Sest. 17, 39.—

Bonus and optimus as epithets of the gods.

In gen.:

sed te bonus Mercurius perdat,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 23:

fata... bonique divi,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 38:

divis orte bonis,

id. ib. 4, 5, 1:

O bone deus!

Scrib. Comp. 84 fin.: BONORVM DEORVM, Inscr. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 84: totidem, pater optime, dixi, Tu mihi da cives, referring to Jupiter, Ov. M. 7, 627.—

Optimus Maximus, a standing epithet of Jupiter:

(Juppiter) a majoribus nostris Optimus Maximus (nominatur), et quidem ante optimus, id est beneficentissimus, quam Maximus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64:

Jovem optimum et maximum ob eas res appellant, non quod, etc.,

id. ib. 3, 36, 87:

in templo Jovis Optimi Maximi,

id. Sest. 56, 129; id. Prov. Cons. 9, 22:

nutu Jovis Optimi Maximi,

id. Cat. 3, 9, 21; Liv. 1, 12, 7; id. 6, 16, 2.—

Di boni, O di boni, expressing indignation, sorrow, or surprise:

di boni, hunc visitavi antidhac!

Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 16:

di boni, boni quid porto!

Ter. And. 2, 2, 1:

di boni, quid hoc morbi est,

id. Eun. 2, 1, 19; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 13; id. Ad. 3, 3, 86:

alter, O di boni, quam taeter incedebat!

Cic. Sest. 8, 19; id. Brut. 84, 288; id. Phil. 2, 8, 20; 2, 32, 80; id. Att. 1, 16, 5; 14, 21, 2; Val. Max. 3, 5, 1; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3.—

Bona Dea, etc., v. 6.—

Optimus as a laudatory epithet.

Vir optimus:

per vos nobis, per optimos viros optimis civibus periculum inferre conantur,

Cic. Sest. 1, 2:

virum optimum et constantissimum M. Cispium,

id. ib. 35, 76:

fratrem meum, virum optimum, fortissimum,

id. ib.:

consolabor hos praesentes, viros optimos,

id. Balb. 19, 44; id. Planc. 21, 51; 23, 55; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Marcell. 4, 10; id. Att. 5, 1, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 53.—

Femina bona, optima:

tua conjunx bona femina,

Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16:

hujus sanctissimae feminae atque optimae pater,

id. ib. —

Senex, pater, frater, etc.:

optimus: parentes ejus, prudentissimi atque optimi senis,

Cic. Planc. 41, 97:

insuevit pater optimus hoc me,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 105; 2, 1, 12:

C. Marcelli, fratris optimi,

Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6 (8), 2; 2, 4, 2.—

With proper names ( poet.):

optimus Vergilius,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 54:

Maecenas optimus,

id. ib. 1, 5, 27:

optime Quinti,

id. Ep. 1, 16, 1.—

Esp. as an epithet of the Roman emperors:

quid tam civile, tam senatorium quam illud, additum a nobis Optimi cognomen?

Plin. Pan. 2, 7:

gratias, inquit, ago, optime Princeps!

Sen. Tranq. 14. 4:

ex epistula optimi imperatoris Antonini,

Gai. Inst. 1, 102; cf.:

bene te patriae pater optime Caesar,

Ov. F. 2, 637:

optime Romulae Custos gentis,

Hor. C. 4, 5, 1.—

Bonus and Bona, names of deities.

Bona Dea, the goddess of Chastity, whose temple could not be entered by males (cf. Macr. S. 1, 12; Lact. 1, 22):

Bonae Deae pulvinaribus,

Cic. Pis. 39, 95; id. Mil. 31, 86; id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; cf.

in mal. part.,

Juv. 2, 86 sq.; 6, 314 sq.; 6, 335 sq.—

Bonus Eventus, Varr. R. R. 1, 1 med.; Amm. 29, 6, 19; Inscr. Orell. 907; 1780 sq.—

Bona Fortuna:

si bona Fortuna veniat, ne intromiseris,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 3, 22:

Bonae Fortunae (signum),

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 7:

FORTVNAE BONAE DOMESTICAE,

Inscr. Orell. 1743 sq. —

Bona Spes:

Spes Bona, obsecro, subventa mihi,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 12:

BONAE SPEI,

Aug. Inscr. Grut. 1075, 1.—

BONA MENS, Inscr. Orell. 1818 sqq.:

Mens Bona, si qua dea es, tua me in sacraria dono,

Prop. 3, 24, 19.

With nouns denoting things.

Things concrete, denoting excellence:

navis bona dicitur non quae pretiosis coloribus picta est... sed stabilis et firma,

Sen. Ep. 76, 13:

gladium bonum dices, non cui auratus est balteus, etc., sed cui et ad secandum subtilis acies est, et, etc.,

id. ib. 76, 14:

id vinum erit lene et bono colore,

Cato, R. R. 109; Lucr. 2, 418; Ov. Am. 2, 7, 9:

tabulas... collocare in bono lumine,

Cic. Brut. 75, 261: ex quavis olea oleum... bonum fieri potest. Cato, R. R. 3:

per aestatem boves aquam bonam et liquidam bibant semper curato,

id. ib. 73; cf.:

bonae aquae, ironically compared to wine,

Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 28:

praedium bonum caelum habeat,

good temperature, Cato, R. R. 1:

bona tempestate,

in good weather, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4:

(praedium) solo bono valeat,

by good soil, Cato, R. R. 1:

bonae (aedes) cum curantur male,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 24:

villam bonam,

Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:

bonus pons,

Cat. 17, 5:

scyphi optimi (= optime facti),

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32:

perbona toreumata,

id. ib. 2, 4, 18, §

38: bona domicilia,

comfortable residences, id. N. D. 2, 37, 95:

agrum Meliorem nemo habet,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 12:

fundum meliorem,

Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52: fundos optimos et fructuosissimos, id. Agr. 3, 4, 14:

equus melior,

id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:

bona cena,

Cat. 13, 3:

boni nummi,

good, not counterfeit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 144; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 91:

super omnia vultus accessere boni,

good looks, Ov. M. 8, 678:

mulier bona forma,

of a fine form, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 13:

equus formae melioris,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 52:

tam bona cervix, simul ac jussero, demetur,

fine, beautiful, Suet. Calig. 33:

fruges bonae,

Cat. 34, 19:

ova suci melioris,

of better flavor, Hor. S. 2, 4, 13.— Trop.:

animus aequus optimum est aerumnae condimentum,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 71: bona dextra, a lucky hand (cf.:

bonum omen, 2. e.),

Quint. 6, 3, 69:

scio te bona esse voce, ne clama nimis,

good, sound, loud voice, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 43; so,

bona firmaque vox,

Quint. 11, 3, 13.—

Things abstract.

Of physical well-being:

ut si qui neget sine bona valetudine posse bene vivi,

Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 2; Lucr. 3, 102; Val. Max. 2, 5, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 26; 11, 2, 35 et saep.:

non bonus somnus de prandio est,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8:

bona aetas,

prime of life, Cic. Sen. 14, 48:

optima aetate,

id. Fam. 10, 3, 3.—Ironically:

bona, inquis, aetate, etc.,

Sen. Ep. 76, 1.—

Of the mind and soul:

meliore esse sensu,

Cic. Sest. 21, 47:

optima indoles,

id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:

bona conscientia,

Quint. 6, 1, 33; 9, 2, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 5:

bono ingenio me esse ornatam quam auro multo mavolo,

with a good heart, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 91; id. Stich. 1, 21, 59; Sall. C. 10, 5:

mens melior,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 78; Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13; Liv. 39, 16, 5; Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 4; id. Ep. 10, 4; Pers. 2, 8; Petr. 61.—Personified, Prop. 3 (4), 24, 19; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 31:

duos optimae indolis filios,

Val. Max. 5, 7, 2; Sen. Ben. 6, 16, 6; Quint. 1, 2, 5:

bonum consilium,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 6; id. Rud. 4, 3, 18; Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:

bona voluntas,

a good purpose, Quint. 12, 11, 31:

memoria bona,

Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2:

bona ratio cum perdita... confligit,

id. Cat. 2, 11, 25:

bonae rationes,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 50:

pronuntiatio bona,

Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27.—

Of moral relations:

ego si bonam famam mihi servasso, sat ero dives,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 71; Cic. Sest. 66, 139; Liv. 6, 11, 7; Hor. S. 1, 2, 61 (cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1;

v. e. infra): si ego in causa tam bona cessi tribuni plebis furori,

Cic. Sest. 16, 36; id. Planc. 36, 87; Ov. M. 5, 220:

fac, sis, bonae frugi sies,

of good, regular habits, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 35; id. Cas. 2, 4, 5; 2, 5, 19; id. Ps. 1, 5, 53; id. Truc. 1, 1, 13; id. Capt. 5, 2, 3 sq. (v. frux, II. B. 1. b.): vilicus disciplina bona utatur. Cato, R. R. 5:

bona studia,

moral pursuits, Auct. Her. 4, 17, 25:

quidquid vita meliore parasti,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 15: ad spem mortis melioris, an honorable death; so as an epithet of religious exercises:

Juppiter, te bonas preces precor,

Cato, R. R. 134; 139.—

Of external, artistic, and literary value and usefulness:

bono usui estis nulli,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15:

Optumo optume optumam operam das,

id. Am. 1, 1, 122:

bonam dedistis mihi operam,

a valuable service to me, id. Poen. 2, 3, 70; 3, 6, 11; id. Pers. 4, 7, 11; id. Rud. 3, 6, 11 (in a different sense: me bona opera aut mala Tibi inventurum esse auxilium argentarium, by fair or unfair means, id. Ps. 1, 1, 102;

v. e. infra): optima hereditas a patribus traditur liberis... gloria virtutis rerumque gestarum,

Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:

bonum otium,

valuable leisure, Sall. C. 4, 1:

bonis versibus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:

versus meliores,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 81:

meliora poemata,

Hor. A. P. 303:

in illa pro Ctesiphonte oratione longe optima,

Cic. Or. 8, 26:

optimas fabulas,

id. Off. 1, 31, 114:

melius munus,

id. Ac. 1, 2, 7.—

Favorable, prosperous, lucky, fortunate:

de Procilio rumores non boni,

unfavorable rumors, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 5:

bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est,

about their success in the war, id. ib. 7, 26, 1:

si fuisset in discipulo comparando meliore fortuna,

id. Pis. 29, 71; cf.

fortuna optima esse,

to be in the best pecuniary circumstances, id. ad Brut. 1, 1, 2:

occasio tam bona,

Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 9:

senex est eo meliore condicione quam adulesoens cum, etc.,

Cic. Sen. 19, 68; id. Fam. 4, 32:

bona navigatio,

id. N. D. 3, 34, 83;

esp. in phrase bona spes.—Object.: ergo in iis adulescentibus bonam spem esse dicemus et magnam indolem quos, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117.—Subject.:

ego sum spe bona,

Cic. Fam. 12, 28, 3; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; [p. 245] id. Att. 14, 1 a, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16:

optima spe,

id. Fam. 12, 11, 2.—Pregn., = spes bonarum rerum, Sall. C. 21, 1;

v. C. 1. c. infra: meliora responsa,

more favorable, Liv. 7, 21, 6:

melior interpretatio,

Tac. H. 3, 65:

cum laude et bonis recordationibus,

id. A. 4, 38:

amnis Doctus iter melius,

i. e. less injurious, Hor. A. P. 68:

omen bonum,

a good, lucky omen, Cic. Pis. 13, 31; cf.

Liv. praef. § 13: melius omen,

Ov. F. 1, 221;

optimum,

Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 2:

bona scaeva,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 24:

auspicio optumo,

id. ib. 3, 2, 6; cf.:

memini bene, sed meliore Tempore dicam = opportuniore tempore,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 68.—

Of public affairs, si mihi bona re publica frui non licuerit, Cic. Mil. 34, 93:

optima res publica,

id. Or. 1, 1, 1; id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:

minus bonis temporibus,

id. Dom. 4, 8; so,

optimis temporibus,

id. Sest. 3, 6:

nostrae res meliore loco videbantur,

id. ad Brut. 1, 3, 1:

lex optima,

id. Pis. 16, 37; id. Sest. 64, 137; id. Phil, 1, 8, 19.—

Good = large, considerable:

bono atque amplo lucro,

Plaut. Am. prol. 6:

bona librorum copia,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 109; cf.:

bona copia cornu,

Ov. M. 9, 88; v. bona pars, C. 8. g.—

Noble; with genus, good family, noble extraction, honorable birth: quali me arbitraris genere prognatum? Eu. Bono, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 35; so id. Ep. 1, 2, 4; 2, 1, 3; id. Pers. 4, 4, 94:

si bono genere natus sit,

Auct. Her. 3, 7, 13.—

Referring to good-will, kindness, faithfulness, in certain phrases.

Bona venia or cum bona venia, with the kind permission of a person addressed, especially bona venia orare, expetere, etc.:

primum abs te hoc bona venia expeto,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 31:

bona tua venia dixerim,

Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 34:

oravit bona venia Quirites, ne, etc.,

Liv. 7, 41, 3:

obsecro vos.. bona venia vestra liceat, etc.,

id. 6, 40, 10:

cum bona venia quaeso audiatis, etc.,

id. 29, 17, 6; Arn. c. Gent. 1, p. 5; cf.

. sed des veniam bonus oro = venia bona oro,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 5.—

Bona pax, without quarrelling:

bona pax sit potius,

let us have no quarrel about that, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 7;

so especially cum bona pace, or bona pace: Hannibal ad Alpis cum bona pace incolentium... pervenit,

without a difficulty with the inhabitants, Liv. 21, 32, 6; 21, 24, 5; 1, 24, 3; 28, 37, 4; 8, 15, 1; cf.: si bonam (pacem) dederitis, = a fair peace, under acceptable conditions, id. 8, 21, 4.—

Amicitia bona = bona fide servata, faithful, undisturbed friendship:

igitur amicitia Masinissae bona atque honesta nobis permansit,

Sall. J. 5, 5.—

Bona societas, alliance:

Segestes, memoria bonae societatis, impavidus,

Tac. A. 1, 58.

In particular phrases.

Bonae res.

= Vitae commoda, comforts of life, abstract or concrete:

concedatur bonis rebus homines morte privari,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87:

optimis rebus usus est,

he had every most desirable thing, Nep. Att. 18, 1.—

= Res secundae, opp. res adversae, prosperity:

bonis rebus tuis, meas irrides malas,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45:

in bonis rebus,

Hor. C. 2, 3, 2. —

Res bona = res familiaris bona, wealth ( poet.): in re bona esse, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4.—Also an object of value:

homines quibus mala abunde omnia erant, sed neque res neque spes bona ulla,

who had no property, nor the hope of any, Sall. C. 21, 1. —

Costly things, articles of luxury:

capere urbem in Arabia plenam bonarum rerum,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 46; 4, 4, 82:

nimium rei bonae,

id. Stich. 2, 3, 55:

ignorantia bonarum rerum,

Nep. Ages. 8, 5 ' bonis rebus gaudere, Hor. S. 2, 6, 110:

re bona copiosum esse,

Gell. 16, 19, 7.—

Moral, morally good:

illi cum res non bonas tractent,

Cic. Ac. 2, 33, 72:

ut de virtutibus et vitiis, omninoque de bonis rebus et malis quaererent,

id. ib. 1, 4, 15:

quid habemus in rebus bonis et malis explorati?

id. ib. 2, 42, 129; so id. Or. 1, 10, 42; id. Leg. 1, 22, 58:

quae tamen omnia dulciora fuint et moribus bonis et artibus,

id. Sen. 18, 65.—

In literary composition, important or interesting matter, subjects, or questions:

res bonas verbis electis dictas quis non legat?

Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8:

studiis generorum, praesertim in re bona,

Plaut. Am. 8, 26.—

Bonae artes.

A good, laudable way of dealing:

qui praeclari facinoris aut artis bonae famam quaerit,

Sall. C. 2, 9:

huic bonae artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis contendit,

id. ib. 11, 2:

quod is bonarum artium cupiens erat,

Tac. A. 6, 46.—

Liberal arts and sciences:

litteris aut ulli bonae arti,

Quint. 12, 1, 7:

conservate civem bonarum artium, bonarum partium, bonorum virorum,

Cic. Sest. 32, 77. —Esp.:

optimae artes: optimarum artium scientia,

Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 4; id. Ac. 2, 1, 1; id. Cael. 10, 24; id. Marcell. 1, 4.—

Bona fides, or fides bona.

Good faith, i. e. conscious honesty in acts or words: qui nummos fide bona solvit, who pays (the price of labor) in good faith, i. e. as it is honestly earned, Cato, R. R. 14:

dic, bona fide, tu id aurum non subripuisti?

Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 46; 4, 10, 47; id. Capt. 4, 2, 111; id. Most. 3, 1, 137; id. Poen. 1, 3, 30; id. Pers. 4, 3, 16; id. Ps. 4, 6, 33:

si tibi optima fide omnia concessit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144; Quint. 10, 3, 23.—Hence, bonae fidei vir, a conscientious man, Quint. 10, 7, 1.—

Jurid. t. t.

Good faith in contracts and legal acts in general, opposed to dolus malus, honesty and fairness in dealing with another:

ad fidem bonam statuit pertinere, notum esse emptori vitium quod nosset venditor,

Cic. Off. 3, 16, 67.—Hence, alienam rem bona fide emere, to buy, believing the seller to be the rightful owner, Dig. 41, 3, 10; 41, 3, 13, § 1. bonae fidei possessor (also possessio), believing that he is the rightful owner, ib. 5, 3, 25, § 11; 5, 3, 22; 41, 3, 15, § 2;

41, 3, 24: conventio contra bonam fidem et mores bonos,

ib. 16, 31, § 7: bonam fidem praestare, to be responsible for one ' s good faith, ib. 17, 1, 10 prooem.—Hence,

Bonae fidei actiones or judicia, actions in equity, i. e. certain classes of actions in which the strict civil law was set aside by the praetorian edict in favor of equity:

actiones quaedam bonae fidei sunt, quaedam stricti juris. Bonae fidei sunt haec: exempto vendito, locato conducto, etc.,

Just. Inst. 4, 6, 28, § 19.—In the republican time the praetor added in such actions to his formula for the judex the words ex fide bona, or, in full:

quidquid dare facere oportet ex fide bona,

Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66:

iste dolus malus et legibus erat vindicatus, et sine lege, judiciis in quibus additur ex fide bona,

id. ib. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. ib. 3, 17, 70.—

Bona verba.

Kind words:

Bona verba quaeso,

Ter. And. 1, 2, 33.—

Words of good omen (v. omen):

dicamus bona verba,

Tib. 2, 2, 1:

dicite suffuso ter bona verba mero,

Ov. F. 2, 638.—

Elegant or well-chosen expressions:

quid est tam furiosum quam verborum vel optimorum atque ornatissimorum sonitus inanis,

Cic. Or. 1, 12, 51:

verborum bonorum cursu,

id. Brut. 66, 233:

omnia verba sunt alicubi optima,

Quint. 10, 1, 9.—

Moral sayings:

non est quod contemnas bona verba et bonis cogitationibus plena praecordia,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 1. —

Bona dicta.

Polite, courteous language:

hoc petere me precario a vobis jussit leniter dictis bonis,

Plaut. Am. prol. 25.—

Witticisms ( bon-mots): flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi, quam bona dicta teneat, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 2, 54, 222:

dico unum ridiculum dictum de dictis melioribus quibus solebam menstruales epulas ante adipiscier,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 22:

ibo intro ad libros ut discam de dictis melioribus,

id. Stich. 2, 3, 75.—

Bona facta.

= bene facta (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.), laudable deeds:

nobilitas ambobus et majorum bona facta (sc. erant),

Tac. A. 3, 40.—

Bonum factum est, colloq., = bene est, bene factum est (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.):

bonum factum est, ut edicta servetis mea,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 16:

haec imperata quae sunt pro imperio histrico, bonum hercle factum (est) pro se quisque ut meminerit,

id. ib. 45.— Hence,

Elliptically, introducing commands which cannot be enforced, = if you will do so, it will be well:

peregrinis in senatum allectis, libellus propositus est: bonum factum, ne quis senatori novo curiam monstrare velit,

Suet. Caes. 80:

et Chaldaeos edicere: bonum factum, ne Vitellius... usquam esset,

id. Vit. 14:

hac die Carthaginem vici: bonum factum, in Capitolium eamus, et deos supplicemus,

Aur. Vict. 49; cf.:

o edictum, cui adscribi non poterit bonum factum,

Tert. Pud. 1.—

Bona gratia.

A friendly understanding:

cur non videmus inter nos haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala?

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17; so,

per gratiam bonam abire,

to part with good feelings, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 33.—In jest: sine bona gratia abire, of things cast away, Plaut Truc. 2, 7, 15.—

Pleon., in the phrase bonam gratiam habere, = gratiam habere, to thank (v. B. 2. k.), Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 32; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 99.—

Bona pars.

The well-disposed part of a body of persons:

ut plerumque fit, major pars (i. e. of the senate) meliorem vicit,

Liv. 21, 4, 1:

pars melior senatus ad meliora responsa trahere,

id. 7, 21, 6.—

The good party, i. e. the optimates (gen. in plur.):

civem bonarum partium,

Cic. Sest. 32, 77:

(fuit) meliorum partium aliquando,

id. Cael. 6, 13:

qui sibi gratiam melioris partis velit quaesitam,

Liv. 2, 44, 3.—Paronom.: (Roscius) semper partium in re publica tam quam in scaena optimarum, i. e. party and part in a drama, Cic. Sest. 56, 120.—

Of things or persons, a considerable part (cf. a good deal):

bonam partem ad te adtulit,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 43:

bonam partem sermonis in hunc diem esse dilatam,

Cic. Or. 2, 3, 14:

bonam magnamque partem exercitus,

Val. Max. 5, 2, ext. 4:

bona pars noctium,

Quint. 12, 11, 19:

bona pars hominum,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 61:

meae vocis... bona pars,

id. C. 4, 2, 46; so id. A. P. 297; Ov. P. 1, 8, 74:

melior pars diei,

Verg. A. 9, 156.—

Rarely, and mostly eccl. Lat.: optima pars, the best part or lot:

nostri melior pars animus est,

Sen. Q. N. 1, prooem. § 14; cf.:

quae pars optima est in homine,

best, most valuable, Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 67:

major pars aetatis, certe melior reipublicae data sit,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 1:

Maria optimam partem elegit, quae non auferetur ab ea,

Vulg. Luc. 10, 42.—

Adverb.:

bonam partem = ex magna parte,

Lucr. 6, 1249.—

Aliquem in optimam partem cognoscere, to know somebody from his most favorable side, Cic. Off. 2, 13, 46: aliquid in optimam partem accipere, to take something in good part, interpret it most favorably:

Caesar mihi ignoscit quod non venerim, seseque in optimam partem id accipere dicit,

id. Att. 10, 3 a, 2; id. ad Brut. 1, 2, 3:

quaeso ut hoc in bonam partem accipias,

id. Rosc. Am. 16, 45.—

Dies bonus or bona.

A day of good omen, a fortunate day (= dies laetus, faustus):

tum tu igitur die bono, Aphrodisiis, addice, etc.,

Plaut. Poen. 2, 49:

nunc dicenda bona sunt bona verba die,

Ov. F. 1, 72.—

A beautiful, serene day, Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 3.—

Bonus mos.

Boni mores, referring to individuals, good, decent, moral habits:

nihil est amabilius quam morum similitudo bonorum,

Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:

nam hic nimium morbus mores invasit bonos,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 6:

domi militiaeque boni mores colebantur,

Sall. C. 9, 1:

propter ejus suavissimos et optimos mores,

Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13:

cum per tot annos matronae optimis moribus vixerint,

Liv. 34, 6, 9:

mores meliores,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 18.—

Bonus mos or boni mores, in the abstract, morality, the laws, rules of morality: ei vos morigerari mos bonu'st, it is a rule of morality that you should, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 4:

ex optimo more et sanctissima disciplina,

Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69:

neglegentia boni moris,

Sen. Ep. 97, 1.—Jurid. t. t.:

conventio, mandatum contra bonos mores,

in conflict with morality, Quint. 3, 1, 57; Dig. 16, 3, 1, § 7; Gai. Inst. 3, 157 et saep. —

Adverbial phrases.

Bono animo esse, or bonum animum habere.

To be of good cheer or courage:

bono animo es! Liberabit ille te homo,

Plaut. Merc 3, 1, 33; so id. Aul. 4, 10, 61; id. Mil. 4, 8, 32; id. Rud. 3, 3, 17; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 18; id. Ad. 2, 4, 20; 3, 5, 1; 4, 2, 4; 4, 5, 62; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 72:

animo bono es,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103; id. Am. 2, 2, 48; 5, 2, 1:

bono animo es, inquit Scrofa, et fiscinam expedi,

Varr. R. R. 1, 26:

bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares,

Cic. Fam. 6, 18, 1; 6, 10, 29:

bono animo esse jubere eam consul,

Liv. 39, 13, 7:

habe modo bonum animum,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 58; so id. Am. 1, 3, 47; id. Truc. 2, 6, 44; id. Aul. 2, 2, 15:

habe animum bonum,

id. Cas. 2, 6, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 1; 4, 2, 31:

bonum animum habe,

Liv. 45, 8, 5:

clamor ortus ut bonum animum haberet,

id. 8, 32, 1; so Sen. Ep. 87, 38.—

Bono animo esse, or facere aliquid, to be of a good or friendly disposition, or to do with good, honest intentions:

audire jubet vos imperator histricus, bonoque ut animo sedeant in subselliis qui, etc.,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 5: sunt enim (consules) [p. 246] optimo animo, summo consilio, of the best disposition, Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 2:

bono te animo tum populus Romanus... dicere existimavit ea quae sentiebatis, sed, etc.,

id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 56:

quod nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Quint. 7, 4, 15.—

Bonus animus, good temper, patience:

bonus animus in mala re dimidium mali est,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 37:

vos etiam hoc animo meliore feratis,

Ov. M. 9, 433.—

Bono modo.

= placide, with composure, moderation:

si quis quid deliquerit, pro noxa bono modo vindicet,

Cato, R. R. 5:

haec tibi tam sunt defendenda quam moenia, mihi autem bono modo, tantum quantum videbitur,

Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 137.—

In a decent manner:

neu quisquam prohibeto filium quin amet... quod bono fiat modo,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 62. —

Jure optimo or optimo jure, with good, perfect right:

te ipse jure optumo incuses licet,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 23; id. Rud. 2, 6, 53:

ut jure optimo me deserere posses,

Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 6; Sen. Ot. Sap. 2 (29), 2.—With pass. or intr. verb, deservedly:

ne jure optimo irrideamur,

Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 151; id. Marcell. 1, 4;

similarly, optimo judicio,

Val. Max. 2, 9, 2.

As subst.

bŏnus, boni, m.; of persons.

In sing. or plur. orig. = bonus vir, boni viri; v. I. A. 1. a. b, supra, a morally good man.

Plur.:

bonis quod bene fit haud perit,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 2; id. Capt. 2, 2, 108; id. Trin. 2, 1, 55; id. Pers. 4, 5, 2:

melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto,

Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:

verum esse ut bonos boni diligant, quamobrem... bonis inter bonos quasi necessariam (esse) benevolentiam,

id. Lael. 14, 50:

diverso itinere malos a bonis loca taetra... habere,

Sall. C. 52, 13; 7, 2; 52, 22:

oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 52:

tam bonis quam malis conduntur urbes,

Sen. Ben. 4, 28, 4; so id. Vit. Beat. 15, 6; Quint. 9, 2, 76.—Rarely bŏnae, arum, f., good women:

quia omnes bonos bonasque adcurare addecet, etc.,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 41.—

Sing.:

malus bonum malum esse volt ut sit sui similis,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 8:

nec enim cuique bono mali quidquam evenire potest,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99; cf.:

qui meliorem audax vocet in jus,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 29.—

Bonus, a man of honor.

A brave man:

pro qua (patria) quis bonus dubitet mortem oppetere si ei sit profuturus?

Cic. Off. 1, 17, 57:

libertatem quam nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittat,

Sall. C. 33, 5:

fortes creantur fortibus et bonis,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 29 (opp. ignavi):

fama impari boni atque ignavi erant,

Sall. J. 57, 6; 53, 8; id. C. 11, 2. —

A gentleman:

quis enim umquam, qui paululum modo bonorum consuetudinem nosset, litteras ad se ab amico missas... in medium protulit?

Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7.—

Boni, the better (i. e. higher) classes of society.

In gen. (of political sentiments, = optimates, opp. populares, seditiosi, perditi cives, etc.;

so usu. in Cic.): meam causam omnes boni proprie enixeque susceperant,

Cic. Sest. 16, 38:

audaces homines et perditi nutu impelluntur... boni, nescio quomodo, tardiores sunt, etc.,

id. ib. 47, 100:

ego Kal. Jan. senatum et bonos omnes legis agrariae... metu liberavi,

id. Pis. 2, 4:

etenim omnes boni, quantum in ipsis fuit, Caesarem occiderunt,

id. Phil. 2, 13, 29; id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; 5, 21, 2; id. Sest. 2, 5; 16, 36; 48, 103; id. Planc. 35, 86; id. Mil. 2, 5; id. Off. 2. 12, 43:

maledictis increpat omnes bonos,

Sall. C. 21, 4; 19, 2; 33, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 22; so,

optimi,

Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 37; and, ironically, boni identified with the rich:

bonorum, id est lautorum et locupletum,

id. Att. 8, 1, 3.—

Without reference to political views;

opp. vulgus (rare): nihil ego istos moror fatuos mores quibus boni dedecorant se,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 22:

semper in civitate quibus opes nullae sunt bonis invident,

Sall. C. 37, 3:

elatus est sine ulla pompa funeris, comitantibus omnibus bonis, maxima vulgi frequentia,

Nep. Att. 22, 2.—So, mĕlĭōres, um, m., one ' s betters:

ut quaestui habeant male loqui melioribus,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 13:

da locum melioribus,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 37.—

Boni, bone, in addresses, as an expression of courtesy, Hor. S. 2, 2, 1; 2, 6, 51; 2, 6, 95; id. Ep. 2, 2, 37; ironice, id. S. 2, 3, 31.—

Optimus quisque = quivis bonus, omnes boni.

Referring to morality:

esse aliquid natura pulcrum quod optimus quisque sequeretur,

every good man, Cic. Sen. 13, 43:

qui ita se gerebant ut sua consilia optimo cuique probarent, optimates habebantur,

id. Sest. 45, 96; id. Off. 1, 43, 154; id. Fin. 1, 7, 24; id. Sest. 54, 115; and = even the best:

quare deus optimum quemque mala valetudine adficit?

Sen. Prov. 4, 8.—

Of the educated classes:

adhibenda est quaedam reverentia adversus homines, et optimi cujusque et reliquorum,

Cic. Off. 1, 28, 99; cf. id. ib. 1, 25, 85:

Catilina plerisque consularibus, praeterea optumo cuique, litteras mittit,

Sall. C. 34, 2:

optimo cuique infesta libertas,

Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 2 (32 fin.).—

Honorable, brave:

optumus quisque cadere et sauciari, ceteris metus augeri,

Sall. J. 92, 8.—

In gen., excellent:

optimus quisque facere quam dicere... malebat,

Sall. C. 8, 5.—

Distributively:

ita imperium semper ad optumum quemque a minus bono transfertur,

to the best man in each instance, Sall. C. 2, 6.—

Referring to another superlative ( = quo quisque melior eo magis, etc.):

hic aditus laudis qui semper optimo cuique maxime patuit,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1; so id. Lael. 4, 14; id. Inv. 2, 11, 36; Sen. Vit. Beat. 18, 1.—

Attributively, with a noun:

optimam quamque causam,

Cic. Sest. 43, 93:

optima quaeque dies,

Verg. G. 3, 66.

bŏnum, i, n., plur. bona; mĕlĭus, ōris, n.; optĭmum, i, n. (v. infra); of things in gen.

Bonum, or plur. bona, a good, or goods in a moral and metaphysical sense, a moral good, a blessing: sunt autem hae de finibus defensae sententiae: nihil bonum nisi honestum, ut Stoici; nihil bonum nisi voluptatem, ut Epicurus;

nihil bonum nisi vacuitatem doloris, ut Hieronymus... tria genera bonorum, maxima animi, secunda corporis, externa tertia, ut Peripatetici, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 84 sq.:

quid est igitur bonum? Si quid recte fit et honeste et cum virtute, id bene fieri vere dicitur, et quod rectum et honestum et cum virtute est, id solum opinor bonum,

id. Par. 1, 1, 9:

ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud simplex et verum bonum quod non possit ab honestate sejungi,

id. Ac. 1, 2, 7:

non-est igitur voluptas bonum,

id. Fin. 1, 11, 39: finis bonorum et malorum (telos agathôn) = summa bona et mala:

sunt nonnullae disciplinae quae, propositis bonorum et malorum finibus, officium omne pervertant. Nam qui summum bonum sic instituit ut, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 2, 5; cf. id. Par. 1, 3, 14; id. Ac. 2, 9, 29; 2, 36, 114; 2, 42, 129; id. Fin. 1, 9, 29; 1, 12, 42; id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66; Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 5; id. Ep. 117, 1 et saep.—

Bonum, what is valuable, beneficial, estimable, favorable, pleasant, physically or mentally:

quoi boni Tantum adfero quantum ipsus a diis optat,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 9:

multa bona vobis volt facere,

will do you much good, id. Poen. 5, 4, 60; id. Am. prol. 43, 49; id. Pers. 4, 8, 4; 2, 3, 14; id. Cas. 2, 8, 32:

tum demum nostra intellegemus bona quom ea amisimus,

id. Capt. 1, 2, 33:

multa tibi di dent bona,

id. Poen. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; id. Mil. 3, 1, 120; id. Men. 3, 3, 34; id. Pers. 4, 3, 23; id. Truc. 1, 2, 23; id. Merc. 1, 2, 40; id. Most. 1, 1, 47:

omnia Bona dicere,

to speak in the highest terms of one, Ter. And. 1, 1, 70:

sed ne vivus quidem bono caret, si eo non indiget,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:

cum quaecumque bona Peripateticis, eadem Stoicis commoda viderentur,

id. ib. 5, 41, 120:

nihil enim boni nosti,

nothing that is good for any thing, id. Phil. 2, 7, 16:

mala pro bonis legere dementia est,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 6, 1; Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3 fin.; Hor. S. 1, 2, 73:

quia bonum sit valere,

a good thing, Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 62 (cf. III. A. 5. infra):

melius: quo quidem haud scio an... quidquam melius sit homini a dis immortalibus datum,

id. Lael. 6, 20:

meliora... Aristotelem de istis rebus scripsisse,

id. Or. 1, 10, 43:

optimum: difficillimum est formam exponere optimi,

id. ib. 11, 36.— Here belongs the phrase boni consulere;

v. consulo.—So after prepositions: in bonum vertere, v. under verto: in melius ire,

to change for the better, Tac. A. 12, 68.—In the same sense: in melius aliquid referre, or reflectere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 281; 11, 426; 10, 632:

ad melius transcurrere,

to pass over to something better, Hor. S. 2, 2, 82.—

Bonum or bona, prosperity:

fortiter malum qui patitur, idem post patitur bonum,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 58:

nulli est homini perpetuum bonum,

id. Curc. 1, 3, 33:

unā tecum bona, mala tolerabimus,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 23:

quibus in bonis fuerint et nunc quibus in malis sint, ostenditur ( = in secundis, in adversis rebus),

Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 107.—

Good qualities, gifts:

omnia adsunt bona, quem penes'st virtus,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 30:

magnis illi et divinis bonis hanc licentiam adsequebantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148:

nisi qui se suā gravitate et castimoniā... tum etiam naturali quodam bono defenderet, etc.,

id. Cael. 5, 11:

hunc meā sententiā divinis quibusdam bonis instructum atque ornatum puto,

id. ib. 17, 39:

non intellego quod bonum cuiquam sit apud tales viros profuturum,

id. Balb. 28, 63:

gaude isto tuo tam excellenti bono,

id. Marcell. 6, 19; so id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49.—

Advantage, benefit:

si plus adipiscare, re explicatā, boni, quam addubitatā mali,

Cic. Off. 1, 24, 83:

saepe cogitavi bonine an mali plus adtulerit... eloquentiae studium,

id. Inv. 1, 1, 1; 2, 35, 106; id. Off. 2, 2, 5; id. Sest. 10, 24:

maximum bonum in celeritate ponebat,

Sall. C. 43, 4; so, bono publico (abl.), for the public good:

hoc ita si fit, publico fiat bono,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 183; Liv. 2, 44, 3; Dig. 41, 3, 1.—

With aequum, what is fair and good, the fair ( thing), fairness, equity:

si bonum aequomque oras,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 149; so id. Pers. 3, 1, 71; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; id. Men. 4, 2, 11:

si tu aliquam partem aequi bonique dixeris,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 32; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 29; id. Ad. 1, 1, 39:

a quo vivo nec praesens nec absens quidquam aequi bonique impetravit,

Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 94.—Hence, aequo et bono, or ex aequo et bono, in ( with) fairness, in equity, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 30; Auct. Her. 2, 10, 14; 2, 12, 18; 2, 13, 20; Gai. Inst. 3, 137: aequi bonique, as gen. of value, with facere:

istuc, Chreme, Aequi bonique facio,

I place a fair and proper value on it, Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 40.—

Bona, one ' s property, fortunes, almost always denoting the whole of one's possessions.

In gen.:

paterna oportet reddi filio bona,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 120:

bona sua med habiturum omnia,

id. Truc. 2, 4, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 6; 4, 2, 29; id. Rud. 2, 6, 22; id. Most. 1, 3, 77; id. Trin. 4, 4, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4:

bona mea diripiebantur atque ad consulem deferebantur,

Cic. Sest. 24, 54:

cum de capite, civis et de bonis proscriptio ferretur,

id. ib. 30, 65:

bona, fortunas, possessiones omnium,

id. Caecin. 13, 38:

at mulctantur bonis exsules,

id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106; id. Off. 2, 23, 81; id. Par. 1, 1, 7; id. Sest. 19, 42; 43, 94; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; Caes. B. G. 7, 3; Liv. 2, 3, 5; 2, 5, 5; 4, 15, 8; Tac. A. 2, 48; Quint. 6, 1, 19 et saep.—

Bonorum possessio, the possession of one ' s property by another.

Bonorum possessio in consequence of bonorum cessio, i. e. an assignment of one ' s property for the benefit of creditors, Dig. 42, tit. 3.—

Bonorum possessio granted by the prætor against a contumacious or insolvent debtor (in bona mittere, in bona ire jubere, bona possidere jubere, etc.); cf. Dig. 42, tit. 4:

postulat a Burrieno Naevius ut ex edicto bona possidere liceat,

Cic. Quint. 6, 25, and the whole of c. 8:

edixit... neu quis militis... bona possideret aut venderet,

Liv. 2, 24, 6:

bona proscribere,

to offer the property thus transferred for sale, Cic. Quint. 6, 25.—

Chiefly referring to the property of a defunct person (hereditas), where the prætor, till the heir had proved his right, granted a bonorum possessio secundum tabulas or contra tabulas, Dig. 37, tit. 4; 37, tit. 11.—

In bonis esse;

with reference to the older civil law, which distinguished between civil property (habere rem ex jure Quiritium) and natural property (rem in bonis habere, res in bonis est),

Gai. Inst. 2, 40, 41; Dig. 40, 12, 38, § 2; 37, 6, 2, § 1; 37, 6, 3, § 2; ib. Fragm. 1, 16; Gai. Inst. 1, 22; 1, 35; 1, 222; 1, 167; Dig. 1, 8, 1; 27, 10, 10:

neque bonorum possessorum, neque... res pleno jure fiunt, sed in bonis efficiuntur,

ib. Fragm. 3, 80.—Hence, nullam omnino arbitrabamur de eā hereditate controversiam eum habiturum, et est hodie in bonis, i. e. [p. 247] the bonorum possessio has been granted to him, which did not give full ownership, but effected only that the hereditas was in bonis. Cic. Fam. 13, 30, 1.

Predicative use.

With nouns or pronouns as subjects.

Bonum esse, to be morally good, honest:

nunc mihi bonae necessum est esse ingratiis, Quamquam esse nolo,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 82:

bonam ego quam beatam me esse nimio dici mavolo,

id. Poen. 1, 2, 93; so id. Capt. 2, 1, 44; id. Men. 4, 2, 6; id. Rud. prol. 29:

itaque viros fortes magnanimos eosdem, bonos et simplices... esse volumus,

Cic. Off. 1, 19, 63; cf. id. ib. 3, 21, 84; id. Att. 15, 6, 1:

Cato esse quam videri bonus malebat,

Sall. C. 54, 5:

ut politiora, non ut meliora fiant ingenia,

Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 5 fin. —

To be beneficial, prosperous, advantageous, valuable, favorable, serviceable, correct, with reference to both persons and things as subjects, and in regard to physical and mental relations:

jam istuc non bonumst,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 29; Cato, R. R. 157:

oleum viridius et melius fiet,

id. ib. 3:

vinum ut alvum bonam faciat,

to correct the bowels, id. ib. 156:

quid est homini salute melius?

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 127:

non optuma haec sunt, verum meliora quam deterruma,

id. Trin. 2, 3, 1:

quid est quod huc possit quod melius sit accedere?

Cic. Fin. 1, 12, 41; 1, 18, 57; id. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:

in quo (vestitu), sicut in plerisque rebus, mediocritas optima est,

id. Off. 1, 36, 130; 2, 17, 59; id. Inv. 1, 31, 51; id. Or. 2, 6; 11, 36:

meliorem tamen militem... in futura proelia id certamen fecit,

Liv. 2, 51, 3:

parvus ut est cygni melior canor, ille gruum quam Clamor,

Lucr. 4, 181; 4, 191:

si meliora dies, ut vina, poemata reddit,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 34.—So in the optative formula:

quod bonum, faustum, felixque sit,

Liv. 1, 28, 7; 1, 17, 10; 39, 15, 1; 3, 54;

3, 34.—Also, quod bonum atque fortunatum mihi sit,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 50;

and with a noun as subject: ut nobis haec habitatio Bona, fausta, felix, fortunataque evenat,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 3.—

To be kind:

bonus cum probis'st (erus), malus cum malis,

Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 22:

hic si vellet bonus ac benignus Esse,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 52.—

With reference to the gods:

ecastor ambae (Fortuna et Salus sunt bonae,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 129:

Palladis aut oculos ausa negare bonos (esse),

Prop. 3, 24, 12 (2, 28, 12).—

Bonum est (very rare for the class. bene est; v. bene).

Without a subject:

bonum sit!

may it be fortunate, favorable! Verg. E. 8, 106.—

With subject inf.:

nam et stulte facere, et stulte fabularier in aetate haud bonum est,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 61:

bonum est pauxillum amare, insane non bonum est,

id. Curc. 1, 3,20.—

Melius est.

With subject inf.:

melius sanam est mentem sumere,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 51:

nihil sentire est melius quam tam prava sentire,

Cic. Ac. 2, 40, 125; cf. id. Fin. 1, 19, 62; id. Off. 1, 43, 156; so,

melius fuit, fuisset, or fuerat,

it would have been better, id. N. D. 3, 33; id. Sen. 23, 82; id. Off. 3, 25, 94:

proinde quiesse erit melius,

Liv. 3, 48, 3; 3, 41, 3; Verg. A. 11, 303.—

With subject inf.-clause:

meliu'st te quae sunt mandata tibi praevortier,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 125; id. Men. 5, 9, 32.—

With ut-clause:

quid melius quam ut hinc intro abeam et me suspendam clanculum,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 145; so id. Ps. 4, 7, 18.—

With subjectclause in the subjunctive:

nunc quid mihi meliu'st quam ilico hic opperiar erum,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 22.—

Optimum est.

With subject inf.:

optimum visum est, captivos quam primum deportare,

Liv. 23, 34, 8:

si quis dicit optimum esse navigare,

Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 4 (32 fin.); so, optimum fuit, it would have been better, and optimum erat, it would be better, Quint. 6, prooem. 3; 11, 2, 33; Hor. S. 2, 1, 7.—

With inf.-clause:

constituerunt optimum esse, domum suam quemque reverti,

Caes. B. G. 2, 10: optimum visum est, in fluctuantem aciem tradi equos, etc., Liv 6, 24, 10; 22, 27, 6.—

With ut and subj:

hoc vero optimum, ut is qui, etc., id ultimum bonorum, id ipsum quid et quale sit nesciat,

Cic. Fin. 2, 3, 6.—

With quod:

illa vero optima (sunt) quod cum Haluntium venisset Archagathum vocari jussit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 51:

optimum vero (est) quod dictaturae nomen in perpetuum de re publica sustulisti,

id. Phil. 2, 36, 91.—

With second sup., in the phrase optumum factu est (where factu is redundant):

sed hoc mihi optumum factu arbitror,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 16:

optimum factu esse duxerant frumento... nostros prohibere,

Caes. B. G. 4, 30:

optumum factu credens exercitum augere,

Sall. C. 32, 1 (Kritz, factum); 57, 5 (Kritz, factum).

Ellipt. use: di meliora, i. e. dent or velint, i. e. let the gods grant better things than what you say, etc.; God forbid! in full:

di melius duint,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 16:

di meliora velint!

Ov. M. 7, 37.—Ellipt.:

di meliora! inquit,

Cic. Sen. 14, 47:

id ubi mulier audivit, perturbata, dii meliora inquit, etc.,

Liv. 39, 10, 2; 9, 9, 6; Verg. G. 3, 513;

similarly, di melius, i. e. fecerunt,

Val. Max. 6, 1, ext. 3.

With object expressed,

By dat.

= good, useful, beneficial for:

ambula, id lieni optumum est,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 25:

quia vobis eadem quae mihi bona malaque esse intellexi,

Sall. C. 20, 3:

bona bello Cornus, jaculis, etc.,

Verg. G. 2, 447.—

= benignus or propitius, kind to:

vicinis bonus esto,

Cato, R. R. 4:

bene merenti mala es, male merenti bona es,

Plaut. As. 1, 2, 3:

vos o mihi Manes, Este boni,

Verg. A. 12, 647.—

= idoneus, fit for, adapted to:

qui locus vino optimus dicetur esse,

Cato, R. R. 6:

tum erit ei rei optumum tempus,

id. ib. 26:

terra cui putre solum, Optima frumentis,

Verg. G. 2, 205; 2, 319; 1, 286.—

With sum and dat., in the phrase alicui bono est, it is of service to one, profits him:

accusant in quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13:

bono fuisse Romanis adventum eorum constabat,

Liv. 7, 12, 4.—Hence, with rel. dat.: cui bono (est), for whose advantage it is:

quod si quis usurpet illud Cassianum cui bono fuerit, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35:

cui bono fuisset,

id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Mil. 12, 32 Ascon. ad loc.; cf.

ellipt. form cui bono?

Prisc. p. 1208 P.—

With dat. gerund:

ager oleto conserundo qui in Favonium spectavit, aliis bonus nullus erit,

Cato, R. R. 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 24:

(mons) quia pecori bonus alendo erat,

Liv. 29, 31; 9, 10.—

By ad and acc.:

refert et ad quam rem bona aut non bona sit,

Varr. R. R. 1, 91:

occasio quaeritur idoneane fuerit ad rem adoriendam, an alia melior,

Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7:

non campos modo militi Romano ad proelium bonos, etc.,

Tac. A. 2, 14.

Mūsa, ae, f., = Mousa, a muse, one of the goddesses of poetry, music, and the other liberal arts. The ancients reckoned nine of them, viz.: Clio, the muse of history; Melpomene, of tragedy; Thalia, of comedy; Euterpe, of the flute; Terpsichore, of dancing; Calliope, of epic poetry; Erato, of lyric poetry; Urania, of astronomy; Polyhymnia, of the mimic art, Aus. Idyll. 20; Cic. N. D. 3, 21, 54; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 92:

Musarum delubra,

Cic. Arch. 11, 27:

hic Musarum parens domusque Pieria, Mela, 2, 3, 2: crassiore Musā,

in a plainer, clearer manner, without too much refinement, Quint. 1, 10, 28: sine ullā Musā, without any genius, wit, taste, Varr. ap. Non. 448, 16.—

Transf.

A song, a poem:

musa procax,

Hor. C. 2, 1, 37:

pedestris,

a style of poetry bordering on prose, id. S. 2, 6, 17.—

Plur., sciences, studies:

quis est omnium, qui modo cum Musis, id est cum humanitate et cum doctrinā habeat aliquod commercium, qui, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 66:

agrestiores,

id. Or. 3, 12:

mansuetiores,

philosophical studies, id. Fam. 1, 9, 23.

Mūsa, ae, m., a Roman surname, e. g. Antonius Musa, a physician in ordinary of Augustus, Suet. Aug. 59; Plin. 19, 8, 38, § 128: Q. Pomponius Musa, in Eckhel. D. N. V. t. 5, p. 283.

nĕ-que or nec (used indifferently before vowels and consonants. The notion that nec in class. prose stands only before consonants is wholly unfounded. Ap. Cic. in the Rep. alone we find nec nineteen times before vowels; viz.: nec accipere, 3, 13, 23: nec alios, 2, 37, 62: nec enim, 1, 24, 38; 6, 25, 27: nec esset, 5, 5, 7: nec ex se, 6, 24, 27:

nec id, 1, 1, 1: nec inportatis, 2, 15, 29: nec in, 6, 23, 25: nec inconstantiam, 3, 11, 18: nec injussu, 6, 15, 15: nec ipsius, 1, 26, 41: nec ipsum, 6, 24, 27: nec ulla, 1, 34, 51: nec ullo, 1, 37, 58: nec una, 2, 1, 2: nec hic, 3, 33, 45: nec hominis, 2, 21, 37: nec hunc, 6, 25, 29. Cf. also such passages as neque reliquarum virtutum, nec ipsius rei publicae,

Cic. Rep. 1, 26, 41:

dabo tibi testes nec nimis antiquos nec ullo modo barbaros,

id. ib. 1, 37, 58:

nec atrocius... neque apertius,

id. Tull. 1, 2:

nec homo occidi nec consulto, etc.,

id. ib. 14, 34. The true distinction is, that in the form nec the negation is more prominent; in the form neque, the connective force of the particle; cf. Hand, Turs. 4, p. 94 sq.), adv. and conj. [ne-que], not; and not, also not.

Adv., like ne, in ante-class. Latinity (v. ne, I.) as a general negative particle, = non, not (usually in the form nec. In class. Lat. this usage seems to be confined to certain formulae, as nec opinans, nec procul abesse, nec mancipi, etc.; v. infra): nec conjunctionem grammatici fere dicunt esse disjunctivam, ut: nec legit, nec scribit: cum si diligentius inspiciatur, ut fecit Sinnius Capito, intellegi possit, eam positam esse ab antiquis pro non, ut et in XII. est: AST EI CVSTOS NEC ESCIT, Paul. ex Fest. p. 162 Müll.:

SI INTESTATO MORITVR, CVI SVVS HERES NEC SIT, etc., Lex XII. Tab. (v. App. III. tab. 5): SI AGNATVS NEC ESCIT, etc., ib.: magistratus nec obedientem civem coërceto,

Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 6:

senatori, qui nec aderit, culpa esto,

id. ib. 3, 4, 11:

bruti nec satis sardare queunt,

Naev. 1, 4; 1, 7:

tu dis nec recte dicis: non aequum facis,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 11:

nec recte,

id. As. 1, 3, 3; 2, 4, 65; id. Most. 1, 3, 83; Cat. 30, 4:

alter, qui nec procul aberat,

Liv. 1, 25, 10:

nec ullus = nullus: cui Parcae tribuere nec ullo vulnere laedi,

Verg. Cir. 269:

differentia mancipi rerum et nec mancipi,

Gai. Inst. 2, 18 sq. —Form neque: si quid tibi in illisce suovitaurilibus lactentibus neque satisfactum est, etc., an old formula of prayer in Cato, R. R. 141, 4: neque opinantes insidiatores, Auct. B. Afr. 66; Auct. B. Alex. 75.

Conj., in all periods and kinds of composition.

In gen., = et non, and not, also not.

Alone.

When the negative applies to the principal verb of the clause: multumque laborat, Nec respirandi fit copia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 3 (Ann. v. 437 Vahl.):

illa quae aliis sic, aliis secus, nec iisdem semper uno modo videntur, ficta esse dicimus,

Cic. Leg. 1, 17, 47:

delubra esse in urbibus censeo, nec sequor magos Persarum, quibus, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 10, 26; id. N. D. 1, 29, 81; id. Rep. 2, 1, 2:

quae mei testes dicunt, quia non viderunt nec sciunt,

id. Tull. 10, 24:

non eros nec dominos appellabant eos... sed patres et deos. Nec sine causā. Quid enim? etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 41, 64:

illa, nec invideo, fruitur meliore marito,

Ov. H. 2, 79.—

Less freq. when the negative applies to some other word:

nec inventas illas toto orbe pares vires gloriatur,

Just. 11, 9, 5:

et vidi et perii, nec notis ignibus arsi,

Ov. H. 12, 33:

Anguibus exuitur tenui cum pelle vetustas, Nec faciunt cervos cornua jacta senes ( = et faciunt non senes),

id. A. A. 3, 77:

neque eum aequom facere ait,

Ter. Phorm, 1, 2, 64:

nec dubie ludibrio esse miserias suas,

Liv. 2, 23, 14; 2, 14, 2; esp. in the phrases nec idcirco minus, nec eo minus, nec eo secius, neque eo magis;

thus: nec idcirco minus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 35, 151:

neque eo minus,

Liv. 41, 8, 8; Suet. Oth. 2; id. Vesp. 24:

neque eo secius,

Nep. Att. 2, 2:

neque eo magis,

id. Eum. 4, 2; id. Paus. 3, 5; id. Att. 8, 5:

cum consules in Hernicos exercitum duxissent, neque inventis in agro hostibus, Ferentinum urbem cepissent,

Liv. 7, 9, 1.—

So, nec ullus, nec quisquam, for et nullus, et nemo, etc.:

nec ullo Gallorum ibi viro, etc.,

Liv. 38, 25, 3; Tac. Agr. 16:

nec quidquam magis quam ille, etc.,

Curt. 4, 2, 8.—

With vero, enim, autem, tamen:

neque vero hoc solum dixit, sed ipse et sentit et fecit,

Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 229:

nec vero jam meo nomine abstinent,

id. Rep. 1, 3, 6: nec enim respexit, etc., id. Clod. et Cur. 4, 4; id. Lael. 10, 32:

neque enim tu is es, qui, qui sis nescias,

id. Fam. 5, 12, 6:

nec tamen didici, etc.,

id. Rep. 2, 38, 64:

neque autem ego sum ita demens, ut, etc.,

id. Fam. 5, 12, 6.—

In partic.

Nec [p. 1202] = ne... quidem, not even (in Liv. and later writers;

in Cic. dub. since B. and K. read ne... quidem,

Cic. Ac. 1, 2, 7; id. Tusc. 1, 26, 65; id. Cat. 2, 4, 8; cf.

Hand, Turs. 4, 105 sqq.): ne quid ex antiquo praeter sonum linguae, nec eum incorruptum, retinerent,

Liv. 5, 33, 11:

Maharbal nec ipse eruptionem cohortium sustinuit,

id. 23, 18, 4:

nec nos,

id. 3, 52, 9; 34, 32, 9; 37, 20, 8; 38, 23, 3;

40, 20, 6: non spes modo, sed nec dilatio,

Just. 11, 8, 4:

tam pauper, quam nec miserabilis Irus,

Mart. 6, 77, 1; 5, 70, 6: Juv. 2, 151:

interrogatus, an facta hominum deos fallerent, nec cogitata, inquit,

Val. Max. 7, 2, ext. 8; Tac. G. 6:

nec ipse,

Suet. Claud. 46; Flor. 1, 15, 3; Lact. 5, 13, 12; Amm. 14, 10, 3.—

Nec = etiam non (freq. in Quint.):

ut, si in urbe fines non reguntur, nec aqua in urbe arceatur,

Cic. Top. 4, 23; id. Fin. 1, 11, 39:

nec si quid dicere satis non est, ideo nec necesse est,

Quint. 1, 1, 21:

quod in foro non expedit, illic nec liceat,

id. 9, 2, 67; 5, 10, 86; 12, 3, 6;

2, 13, 7: sed neque haec in principem,

Tac. A. 4, 34; 3, 29; 2, 82.—

Neque (nec)... neque (nec), neither... nor: quae neque Dardaniis campis potuere perire, Nec cum capta capi, nec cum combusta cremari, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 360 Vahl.):

nam certe neque tum peccavi, cum... neque cum, etc.,

Cic. Att. 8, 12, 2:

nec meliores nec beatiores,

id. Rep. 1, 19, 32:

mors nec ad vivos pertineat nec ad mortuos,

id. Tusc. 1, 38, 91:

virtus nec eripi nec surripi potest umquam: neque naufragio neque incendio amittitur,

id. Par. 6, 3, 51: neque ego neque Caesar, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1; cf.:

haec si neque ego neque tu fecimus,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 23; so,

non... nec... neque... neque: perspicuum est, non omni caussae, nec auditori neque personae neque tempori congruere orationis unum genus,

Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 210.—The second nec is rarely placed after a word in the clause ( poet.):

nec deus hunc mensā, dea nec dignata cubili est,

Verg. E. 4, 63; id. A. 4, 365; 696:

sed nec Brutus erit, Bruti nec avunculus usquam,

Juv. 14, 43.—With a preceding negative, which, however, does not destroy the negation contained in neque... neque:

non mediusfidius prae lacrimis possum reliqua nec cogitare nec scribere,

Cic. Att. 9, 12, 1:

ut omnes intellegant, nihil me nec subterfugere voluisse reticendo nec obscurare dicendo,

id. Clu. 1, 1:

nulla vitae pars neque publicis neque privatis, neque forensibus neque domesticis, neque si tecum agas, neque si cum altero contrahas vacare officio potest,

id. Off. 1, 2, 4:

nemo umquam neque poëta neque orator fuit, qui, etc.,

id. Att. 14, 20, 3; 8, 1, 3; Liv. 38, 50, 11.—

Neque (nec)... et (que), and et... neque (nec), when one clause is affirmative, on the one hand not... and on the other hand; not only not... but also; or the contrary, on the one hand... and on the other hand not; not only... but also not.

Neque (nec)... et (que):

id neque amoris mediocris et ingenii summi et sapientiae judico,

Cic. Att. 1, 20, 1:

animal nullum inveniri potest, quod neque natum umquam sit, et semper sit futurum,

id. N. D. 3, 13, 32; id. Off. 2, 12, 43; id. Brut. 58, 198; Caes. B. G. 4, 1; Tac. A. 3, 35:

ex quo intellegitur nec intemperantiam propter se fugiendam esse temperantiamque expetendam,

Cic. Fin. 1, 14, 48:

perficiam, ut neque bonus quisquam intereat, paucorumque poenā vos omnes jam salvi esse possitis,

id. Cat. 2, 13, 28:

sed nec illa exstincta sunt, alunturque potius et augentur cogitatione et memoriā,

id. Lael. 27, 104; Ov. M. 2, 42; 811.—

Et... neque (nec):

ego vero et exspectabo ea quae polliceris neque exigam nisi tuo commodo,

Cic. Brut. 4, 17:

patebat via et certa neque longa,

id. Phil. 11, 2, 4:

intellegitis et animum ei praesto fuisse, nec consilium defuisse,

id. ib. 13, 6, 13:

et... nec... et... et,

id. Tusc. 5, 38, 112.—

Neque (nec) non (also in one word, necnon), emphatically affirmative, and also, and besides, and indeed, and:

nec haec non deminuitur scientia,

Varr. R. R. 1, 4, 4:

neque meam mentem non domum saepe revocat exanimata uxor,

Cic. Cat. 4, 2, 3:

nec vero non eadem ira deorum hanc ejus satellitibus injecit amentiam,

id. Mil. 32, 86:

nec vero Aristoteles non laudandus in eo, quod, etc.,

id. N. D. 2, 16, 44: neque tamen illa non ornant, habiti honores, etc., id. de Or. 2, 85, 347:

neque tristius dicere quicquam debeo hac de re, neque non me tamen mordet aliquid,

id. Fam. 3, 12, 2:

nec non et sterilis, etc.,

Verg. G. 2, 53; id. A. 8, 461; Suet. Tit. 5.—

In Varro and after the Aug. per., nec non (or as one word, necnon) freq. as a simple conjunction = et, and, and likewise, and so too, and also:

ibi vidi greges magnos anserum, gallinarum, gruum, pavonum, necnon glirium, etc.,

Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 14; Col. 8, 15, 6:

nec non et Tyrii per limina laeta frequentes Convenere,

Verg. A. 1, 707; Plin. 13, 22, 38, § 118:

nec non etiam poëmata faciebat ex tempore,

Suet. Gram. 23:

nec non et ante,

Vulg. 2 Reg. 23, 13:

nec non et quasi,

id. 2 Par. 3, 16. —

Neque (nec) dum (also in one word, necdum), and not yet, not yet:

ille autem quid agat, si scis neque dum Romā es profectus, scribas ad me velim,

Cic. Att. 14, 10, 4; Cels. 5, 26, n. 33; Suet. Aug. 10; Juv. 11, 66:

necdum tamen ego Quintum conveneram,

Cic. Att. 6, 3, 2:

necdum etiam audierant inflari classica, necdum Impositos duris crepitare incudibus enses,

Verg. G. 2, 539; id. A. 11, 70.—Strengthened by tamen:

philosophi summi, neque dum tamen sapientiam consecuti, nonne intellegunt in summo se malo esse?

Cic. Tusc. 3, 28, 68; id. Att. 6, 3, 3:

et necdum (post-Aug.),

and not yet, Plin. Pan. 14, 1.—

Nec... quidem; v. quidem.—

Neque = et ne or neve.

Expressing negative purpose.

After ut (class.):

ut ea, quae regie statuit in aratores, praetermittam neque eos appellem, a quibus, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 48, § 115:

hortemur liberos nostros, ut animo rei magnitudinem complectantur, neque eis praeceptis quibus utuntur omnes, ut consequi posse confidant, etc.,

id. de Or. 1, 5, 19:

peterent ut dediticiis suis parcerent, neque in eum agrum arma inferrent,

Liv. 7, 31, 4; 1, 2, 4; 3, 52, 11; 27, 20, 12.—

After ne (not ante-Aug.):

conspirāsse inde, ne manus ad os cibum ferrent, nec os acciperet datum, nec dentes conficerent,

Liv. 2, 32, 10; 3, 21, 6; 4, 4, 11; 26, 42, 2.—

In a prohibition (rare):

nec id mirati sitis, priusquam, etc.,

Liv. 5, 53, 3:

nec a me nunc quisquam quaesiverit, quid, etc.,

id. 9, 9, 9:

nec quicquam raptim aut forte temere egeritis,

id. 23, 5, 3.—

In contrasts, but not, not however (class.):

ubi aetas tantum modo quaestui neque luxuriae modum fecerat,

Sall. C. 24, 3:

gloriosa modo neque belli patrandi,

id. J. 88, 4:

consulatus sine ulla patrum injuriā, nec sine offensione fuit,

Liv. 3, 55, 1:

oppida oppugnata nec obsessa sunt,

id. 5, 12, 5; Plin. Ep. 3, 1, 9; Quint. 8, 6, 74; Tac. Agr. 8.