virilis

stirps (collat. form of the nom. stir-pes or stirpis, in the best MSS., Liv. 1, 1 fin.; 41, 8, 10; 26, 13, 16; v. Drak. ad locc.), pis, f. ( poet. and post-Aug.; also m., Enn. ap. Fest. p. 313 Müll., and ap. Non. 226, 32 (Ann. 184); Pac. ap. Non. 227, 2 (Trag. Fragm. 421), and ap. Charis. p. 85 P.; Cato, R. R. 40, 2; Verg. G. 2, 379; id. A. 12, 208; 12, 770; 12, 781; Col. 5, 9, 13; Plin. 8, 26, 40, § 96; cf. Quint. 1, 6, 2) [root star-; cf. sternere; Gr. storennumi; prop. that which extends or spreads].

Lit., the lower part of the trunk of plants, including the roots; a stock, stem, stalk; a root (class. and very freq.; cf.

radix): arborum altitudo nos delectat. radices stirpesque non item,

Cic. Or. 43, 147:

terra stirpes amplexa alat,

id. N. D. 2, 33, 83; cf. id. ib. 2, 10, 26; 2, 47, 120;

2, 51, 127: ut tantum modo per stirpis alantur suas,

id. ib. 2, 32, 81:

sceptrum in silvis imo de stirpe recisum,

Verg. A. 12, 208: harundo omnis ex unā stirpe numerosa, Plin. 16, 36, 65, §

163: palmarum stirpibus ali,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 38, § 99; so,

palmarum,

id. ib. 2, 5, 50, §

131 (for which: radices palmarum,

id. ib. 2, 5, 33, § 87); cf.:

lento in stirpe moratus,

Verg. A. 12, 781 (for which, just before:

lentā in radice): stirpes raptas volvere,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 37:

validis amplexae stirpibus ulmos,

Verg. G. 2, 367:

hic stirpes obruit arvo,

id. ib. 2, 24:

domos avium cum stirpibus imis Eruit,

id. ib. 2, 209; cf.

of hair: vellere albos ab stirpe capillos,

Prop. 3 (4), 25, 13; Tib. 1, 8, 45:

ex hac nimiā licentiā, ut ex stirpe quādam, exsistere, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 44, 68.—

Transf.

Of vegetables.

A plant, shrub (esp. freq. in plur.):

stirpium naturae,

Cic. Fin. 5, 4, 10; cf.:

cum arborum et stirpium eadem paene natura sit,

id. ib. 5, 11, 33; so (with arbores) id. Phil. 2, 22, 55; (with herbae) id. N. D. 2, 64, 161:

pati (terram) stirpium asperitate vastari,

id. ib. 2, 39, 99:

stirpes tenent,

Luc. 4, 42:

internatas saxis stirpes et herbas vellentes,

Tac. H. 4, 60.—

A shoot, sprout:

rami stirpesque,

Lucr. 5, 1100:

stirpem praecisum circumligato, etc.,

Cato, R. R. 40, 2:

probatissimum genus stirpis deponere, i. e. malleolos,

Col. 3, 5, 4:

stirpem post annum praecidi,

id. 5, 6, 13:

stirpis committere ramis,

engraft, Lucr. 5, 1365.—

Of persons.

A stem, stock, race, family, lineage (cf.:

genus, familia): ignoratio stirpis et generis,

Cic. Lael. 19, 70:

stirpis ac gentilitatis jus,

id. de Or. 1, 39, 176:

qui sunt ejusdem stirpis,

id. Rab. Post. 1, 2: a stirpe supremo, Enn. ap. Non. 226, 32 (Ann. v. 184 Vahl.):

divinae stirpis Acestes,

Verg. A. 5, 711:

Priami de stirpe,

id. ib. 5, 297:

Herculis stirpe generatus,

Cic. Rep. 2, 12, 24:

hinc orti stirpe antiquissimā sumus,

id. Leg. 2, 1, 3:

hominum sceleratorum,

Caes. B. G. 6, 34:

ab stirpe socius et amicus populi Romani,

Sall. J. 14, 2 et saep.:

unum relictum, stirpem genti Fabiae futurum,

Liv. 2, 50 fin. —

Like Engl. scion, = offspring, descendant, progeny (mostly poet.; not in Cic.): stirps liberum, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 16 Müll. (Trag. v. 317 Vahl.); so,

liberum,

Liv. 45, 11; cf.:

aliquis magnā de stirpe nepotum,

Verg. A. 6, 864:

stirps et genus omne futurum,

id. ib. 4, 622; cf.:

en stirps et progenies tot consulum, tot dictatorum,

Tac. A. 2, 37 fin.:

stirpis virilis,

Liv. 1, 1, 11; cf.:

qui stirpem ex sese domi relinquerent,

id. 41, 8, 9.—

Trop., source, origin, foundation, first beginning, cause, etc.:

altae stirpes stultitiae,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 13:

superstitionis stirpes,

id. Div. 2, 72, 149:

virtutis,

id. Cael. 32, 79:

quā ex stirpe orirentur amicitiae cognationum,

id. Fin. 4, 7, 17:

quodsi exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180:

populum a stirpe repetere,

Cic. Rep. 3, 12, 21 Mos.:

repetam stirpem juris a naturā,

id. Leg. 1, 6, 20:

stirps ac semen malorum omnium,

id. Cat. 1, 12, 30; cf.:

ea pars, quae quasi stirps est hujus quaestionis,

id. Fin. 4, 2, 5:

non ingenerantur hominibus mores tam a stirpe generis ac seminis, quam, etc.,

original nature, id. Agr. 2, 35, 95; cf.:

exoletā stirpe gentis,

Liv. 37, 8, 4.—So esp. in phrase ab stirpe, utterly:

Karthago ab stirpe interiit,

Sall. C. 10, 1:

gens ab stirpe exstincta est,

Liv. 9, 34, 19:

omne genus ab stirpe sublatum esse,

id. 34, 2, 3; cf.:

omnis intra annum cum stirpe exstinctos,

id. 9, 29, 10:

velut ab stirpibus renata urbs,

id. 6, 1, 3.

tīro, ōnis, m.; in milit. lang., a newly-levied soldier, a young soldier, recruit.

Lit.:

aetas tironum,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38:

legio tironum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 28; 3, 29; 3, 34; Auct. B. Afr. 31, 7; Suet. Tib. 42; id. Ner. 19; id. Vit. 15.— Trop.:

multaque tironi non patienda feret (opp. vetus miles),

Ov. A. A. 3, 566.—Esp., in appos. like an adj.:

tirones milites (opp. veterani),

Cic. Phil. 11, 15, 39:

miles, Auct. B. Afr. 16, 1: exercitus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 2; Liv. 21, 39, 3; 21, 43, 14.—

Transf., in gen., a beginner, tiro in any thing:

nullā in re tiro ac rudis,

Cic. de Or. 1, 50, 218:

provinciae rudis et tiro,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17:

homo non aetate sed usu forensi atque exercitatione tiro,

id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 47; id. Rosc. Am. 6, 17:

in scholis exercitati, tirones in foro,

Quint. 2, 10, 9: deductus in forum tiro, as a young man, after putting on the toga virilis, Suet. Ner. 7; Plin. 8, 48, 74, § 194; Ov. F. 3, 787:

tirones gladiatorum,

Suet. Caes. 26;

for which, adject.: tirones gladiatores, Auct. B. Afr. 71, 1.—Of animals: ut tironem (bovem) cum veterano adjungant,

Varr. R. R. 1, 20, 2.

Tīro, ōnis, m., a Roman proper name. So esp., M. Tullius Tiro, the learned freedman of Cicero, Cic. Fam. 16, 10; id. Att. 6, 7, 2; 9, 17, 2 (to him are addressed the letters id. Fam. 16, 3-10; 16, 12-15); Gell. 7, 3, 8; 13, 9, 1 sq.—Hence, Tīrōnĭ-ānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Tiro:

liber,

Gell. 13, 20, 16:

Tironiana cura,

id. 1, 7, 1.

tīro, ōnis, m.; in milit. lang., a newly-levied soldier, a young soldier, recruit.

Lit.:

aetas tironum,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38:

legio tironum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 28; 3, 29; 3, 34; Auct. B. Afr. 31, 7; Suet. Tib. 42; id. Ner. 19; id. Vit. 15.— Trop.:

multaque tironi non patienda feret (opp. vetus miles),

Ov. A. A. 3, 566.—Esp., in appos. like an adj.:

tirones milites (opp. veterani),

Cic. Phil. 11, 15, 39:

miles, Auct. B. Afr. 16, 1: exercitus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 2; Liv. 21, 39, 3; 21, 43, 14.—

Transf., in gen., a beginner, tiro in any thing:

nullā in re tiro ac rudis,

Cic. de Or. 1, 50, 218:

provinciae rudis et tiro,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17:

homo non aetate sed usu forensi atque exercitatione tiro,

id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 47; id. Rosc. Am. 6, 17:

in scholis exercitati, tirones in foro,

Quint. 2, 10, 9: deductus in forum tiro, as a young man, after putting on the toga virilis, Suet. Ner. 7; Plin. 8, 48, 74, § 194; Ov. F. 3, 787:

tirones gladiatorum,

Suet. Caes. 26;

for which, adject.: tirones gladiatores, Auct. B. Afr. 71, 1.—Of animals: ut tironem (bovem) cum veterano adjungant,

Varr. R. R. 1, 20, 2.

Tīro, ōnis, m., a Roman proper name. So esp., M. Tullius Tiro, the learned freedman of Cicero, Cic. Fam. 16, 10; id. Att. 6, 7, 2; 9, 17, 2 (to him are addressed the letters id. Fam. 16, 3-10; 16, 12-15); Gell. 7, 3, 8; 13, 9, 1 sq.—Hence, Tīrōnĭ-ānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Tiro:

liber,

Gell. 13, 20, 16:

Tironiana cura,

id. 1, 7, 1.

tīrōcĭnĭum, ii, n. [tiro].

Lit.

In milit. lang., the first military service or first campaign of a young soldier, military rawness or inexperience, = rudimentum (perh. not ante-Aug.):

juvenis,

Liv. 39, 47, 3:

propter exercitūs paucitatem et tirocinium, Auct. B. Afr. 31, 6: aetatis infirmitas aut militiae tirocinium,

Val. Max. 5, 4, 2:

tirocinii rudimenta deponere,

Just. 9, 1, 8. —In plur.:

si non solum tirocinia, verum et incunabula in ipsis castris posuissent,

Just. 12, 4, 6; Flor. 2, 3.—

Concr., the young troops, raw forces, recruits:

contemptum tirocinium,

Liv. 40, 35, 12.—

Transf., in gen., the first beginning of any thing, the first trial, attempt, or essay:

si in L. Paulo accusando tirocinium ponere et documentum eloquentiae dare voluit,

Liv. 45, 37, 3 Weissenb. ad loc.; cf.:

nec differendum est tirocinium in senectutem,

Quint. 12, 6, 3; and:

tirocinii metum transire,

id. 12, 6, 7: filios suo quemque tirocinio deducere in forum, i. e. after putting on the toga virilis, Suet. Aug. 26:

dies tirocinii,

id. Tib. 54:

togam sumpsit barbamque posuit, sine ullo honore, qualis contigerat tirocinio fratrum ejus,

id. Calig. 10.—Of inanim. things:

navium,

i. e. their first voyage, Plin. 24, 7, 26, § 41.—

Inexperience:

senatus cum simul et tirocinio et perturbatione juvenis moveretur,

Liv. 39, 47, 3:

nec tirocinio peccet,

Manil. 1, 189.

tŏga, ae, f. [tego], a covering, garment.

In gen. (ante-class. and rare): praeterea quod in lecto togas ante habebant; ante enim olim fuit commune vestimentum et diurnum et nocturnum et muliebre et virile, Varr. ap. Non. 541, 2:

incinctā togā,

Afran. ib. 540, 33; cf.

comic.: ne toga cordylis, ne paenula desit olivis,

Mart. 13, 1, 1. —

A roofing, roof:

(toga) dicitur et tectum,

Non. 406, 21. —

In partic., the outer garment of a Roman citizen in time of peace, long, broad, and flowing, and consisting of a single piece of stuff; the toga or gown.

Lit.:

sed quod pacis est insigne et otii toga,

Cic. Pis. 30, 73:

quem tenues decuere togae,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 32:

ima,

Quint. 11, 3, 139:

pexa,

Mart. 2, 44, 1:

rasa,

id. 2, 88, 4: toga praetexta, the toga of magistrates and free-born children, ornamented with purple; v. praetexo: toga pura, the unornamented toga of youth who had laid aside the praetexta:

Ciceroni meo togam puram cum dare Arpini vellem,

Cic. Att. 9, 6, 1; 5, 20, 9; 7, 8, 5;

called more freq. virilis,

id. Sest. 69, 144; id. Phil. 2, 18, 44; Liv. 26, 19, 5; Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 2; and:

toga libera,

Prop. 4 (5), 1, 132; Ov. F. 3, 771; cf.:

a patre ita eram deductus ad Scaevolam sumptā virili togā,

Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

toga picta,

worn by a victor in his triumph, Liv. 10, 7, 9; 30, 15, 11; Flor. 1, 5, 6:

purpurea,

worn by kings, Liv. 27, 4, 11; 31, 11, 12: candida, the toga worn by candidates for office, made of white fulled cloth; v. candidus: pulla, the dark-gray toga of mourners; v. pullus; cf. Becker, Gallus, 3, p. 107 sq.; 2, pp. 55 and 74 sq. (2d edit.).—

Transf.

As a designation for peace:

ex quo genere haec sunt, Liberum appellare pro vino, campum pro comitiis, togam pro pace, arma ac tela pro bello,

Cic. de Or. 3, 42, 167: cedant arma togae, id. poët. Off. 1, 22, 77; id. Pis. 30, 73:

vir omnibus belli ac togae dotibus eminens,

Vell. 1, 12, 3; Tert. Pall. 5.—Also of the Roman national character; hence, togae oblitus, forgetful of Rome, Hor. C. 3, 5, 10.—

As, in the times of the emperors, the toga went more and more out of use, and became almost exclusively the garment of clients, poet. for a client:

eheu quam fatuae sunt tibi Roma togae,

Mart. 10, 18, 4; 10, 47, 5; cf. Plin. Pan. 65; Flor. 4, 12, 32. —

As women of loose character were not allowed to wear the proper female garment (the stola), and assumed the toga, poet. for a prostitute: si tibi cura togae est [p. 1876] potior pressumque quasillo Scortum, Tib. 4, 10, 3.

vĭrīlĭtas, ātis, f. [virilis], manhood (perh. not ante-Aug.).

Lit.

The age of manhood, Plin. 33, 12, 54, § 155.—

Abstr., manhood, virility:

Gaiam C. Caesarem, quasi incertae virilitatis, dicere,

Tac. A. 6, 5:

adempta,

id. ib. 6, 31.—

Concr., the organs of generation, Quint. 5, 12, 17; Plin. 7, 4, 3, § 36; cf. Dig. 48, 8, 4 fin.; Mart. 9, 7, 5 al.—Of animals, Col. 6, 26, 3; Plin. 23, 1, 23, § 44.—

Trop., manliness, manly vigor:

sanctitas certe. et, ut sic dicam, virilitas ab his (veteribus Latinis) petenda, etc.,

Quint. 1, 8, 9; Val. Max. 2, 4, 2.