victum+sibi

    Viuo, viuis, vixi, victum, viuere. Quintil. Vivre.

\

    Bene valete, et viuite. Plaut. Dieu vous donne bonne vie, A Dieu.

\

    AEuo extento viuere. Horat. Vivre long temps.

\

    Consilio nullo viuere. Propert. Vivre sans reigle et sans raison.

\

    Cum perditissimis latronibus non solum de die, sed etiam in diem viuere. Cic. Non seulement en plein jour et devant tout le monde, mais aussi au jour la journee.

\

    E natura viuere. Cic. Vivre selon nature.

\

    Gloria et laude viuere ob virtutem. Cic. Vivre par louable renommee.

\

    In oculis ciuium viuere. Cic. Frequenter un chascun.

\

    Instituto bonorum viuere. Cic. Vivre comme les bons.

\

    Vacuo lecto viuere. Propert. Sans femme.

\

    Molliter viuere. Ouid. Doulcement et à son aise.

\

    Negligentius viuere. Plin. iunior. Sans soing et soulci.

\

    Odia improba viuunt. Stat. Durent et perseverent.

\

    Rapto viuere. Ouid. Vivre de rapine et larcin.

\

    Spiritu et laude virtutis viuere. Cic. Vivre quand a l'ame et bon bruit, combien qu'on soit mort corporellement.

\

    Studiis viuere. Cic. Mettre tout son passetemps à l'estude.

\

    Viuere alicui. Plautus. Estre son ami et bienvueillant, et mettre toute son estude à luy faire du plaisir.

\

    Viuit sibi. Cicero. Il n'entend sinon à son privé et particulier prouffit.

\

    Viue tibi. Ouid. Ne te mesle que de tes affaires.

\

    Ita viuam. Cic. Ainsi me vueille Dieu aider.

\

    Ne viuam si scio. Cic. Je puisse mourir si je le scay.

\

    Viuitur, pen. cor. Impersonale. Terent. Hoc ibi fit, vbi non vere viuitur. Où l'on ne vit pas ainsi qu'il appartient.

\

    Paruo bene viuitur. Horat. On vit bien de peu de chose.

\

    Viuitur ex rapto. Ouid. On vit de rapine.

\

    Viuendo vincere aliquem. Plaut. Luy survivre.

con-dūco, dūxī, ductum, ere, I) tr.: A) zusammenführen od. -ziehen, führend-, leitend zusammenbringen, vereinigen, 1) im allg.: a) leb. Wesen (bes. als milit. t. t.), copias suas, Caes.: magnam manum, Caes.: omnes clientes obaeratosque eodem, Caes.: eo copias omnes auxiliaque, Caes.: populum in forum, Varr. fr.: virgines unum in locum, Cic.: exercitum od. exercitus in unum locum, Caes. u. Tac.: dispersas per urbem cohortes in una castra, Tac.: festinatim de castellis ad castra maxima pedites, Sisenn. fr. – b) lebl. Objj.: partes, Lucr.: vineas, Cic.: nubila (Dünste), v. einem Flusse, Ov.: aquam cisternis, Pallad.: cortice ramos, Ov.: molli vulnera cerā, schließen, Val. Flacc.: plures puteos per specus in unum, Vitr.: aquam in unum lacum, ICt. – übtr. auf abstr. Objj., zusammenfassen, propositionem et assumptionem in unum, Cic. de inv. 1, 73: omnia probra in (zu) deorum maledicta, Arnob. 4, 27. – 2) insbes.: a) verkürzend zusammenziehen, coria et carnem trahit et conducit in unum, zieht zusammen u. verschrumpft, Lucr. 6, 967: usquedum vulnus conducatur in cicatricem, verharscht, Solin. 32, 31: u. so incisa peritonaei membrana in cicatricem facile conducitur, Cael. Aur. chron. 5, 10, 127. – frigida (kaltes Wasser) densat atque conducit vias, Cael. Aur. acut. 2, 9, 52: interiores (nervi) conducunt membra, superiores revocant

————

(strecken sie), Plin. 11, 218: conducitur musculus aut laxatur, Cael. Aur. chron. 2, 1, 8: conducto inferiore palpebro, ibid.: cutis conducta (angespannte), Cael. Aur. chron. 4, 3, 20: u. so contortus vel conductus vultus, Cael. Aur. chron. 2, 1, 5: vultus conductus atque concurrentibus superciliis caperatus (gerunzelt), Cael. Aur. acut. 2, 3, 16. – Partiz. v. Pers., subst., contracti atque conducti, Cael. Aur. chron. 5, 1, 4. – b) zusammenlaufen-, gerinnen machen, im Passiv = zusammenlaufen, gerinnen, id (lac) plerumque cogi agni aut haedi coagulo; quamvis possit et agrestis cardui flore conduci, Col. 7, 8, 1.

B) um einen Preis an sich bringen, 1) durch Lohn, Sold od. Pacht an sich bringen, mieten, dingen, pachten, a) leb. Wesen: coquum, Plaut: praeceptores publice, Plin. ep.: conducta multitudo, Sall.: conductae operae, Cic.: qui conducti plorant in funere, Hor. – alqm mercede, Cic. (u. so mercede conductus, Caecil. com. fr.: u. homo mercede conductus, Curt.): alqm mercede diurnā, Hor.: alqm nummo, Plaut.: pictorem magno pretio, Cic.: saga pretio conducta, Turpil. com. fr. – m. Ang. wozu? durch ad m. Gerund. od. durch 1. Supin., consulem ad caedem faciendam, Cic. prov. cons. 9: coctum (zum Kochen) ego huc, non vapulatum, dudum conductus fui, Plaut. aul. 457. – durch folg. ut u. Konj. = dazu dingen od. übh. dazu bringen, qui ab eis conducebantur, ut ali-

————

quem occiderent, Cic. Rosc. Am. 93: frusto panis conduci potest, vel uti taceat vel uti loquatur, Cato orat. 40. fr. 2 ( bei Gell. 1, 15, 10). – bei vorhergeh. Negation durch folg. quin u. Konj., tribus non conduci possum libertatibus, quin ego illis hodie comparem magnum malum, Plaut. Cas. 504 sq.; vgl. ellipt. non edepol conduci possum vitā uxoris annuā (sc. quin deferam pallam ad te), Plaut. asin. 886. – So nun insbes.: α) (als milit. t. t.) als Söldner mieten, homines, Caes.: equites ex Aquitania, Caes.: militem, Curt.: auxilia, Liv.: viginti milia peditum, Liv. – militem ex Peloponneso, Curt.: ex Graecia conductorum tria milia, Curt. – milites Gallos mercede, Liv.: Graeci pedites mercede conducti, Curt. – poet., bella conducta, mit angeworbenen Soldaten geführte, Sil. 5, 196. – β) eine od. als Buhldirne dingen, scortum, Plaut: u. (poet.) torum, Ov.: meretricem totum annum, Plaut. – viduam mercede, Nep.: puellam pretio parvo, Priap. – b) lebl. Ggstde.: α) zur Benutzung auf Zeit mieten, pachten (Ggstz. locare), navem putridam, Caecil. com. fr.: domum, hortum, Cic.: navem, Komik.: telas, Tibull.: nummos, leihen, Hor.: u. so pecuniam, Iuven. – sibi aedes, Plaut.: alci domum Romae, Val. Max.: alci locum, Cic. – fundum de alqo, Cic., ab alqo, ICt.: domum ab alqo, ICt.: raedam ab alqo, Sen. – domum non magno, Cic.: habitationem in annum, ICt. – bes. (als publiz. t. t.) einen

————

Zoll pachten (Ggstz. locare), portorium, Cic.: publica vectigalia c. u. verb. publica vectigalia redimere et c., Liv. – so auch im Zshg. absol., Asiani, qui de censoribus conduxerant, questi sunt in senatu se cupiditate prolapsos nimium magno conduxisse, Cic. – Partic. Perf. subst., conductum, ī, n., das Gemietete, die Mietung, Pachtung (Ggstz. locatum, dah. verb. locatum conductum, Dig. 19, 2 lemm.), extra portam aliquid conducti habere, Cic. Clu. 175. – nachaug. bes. die Mietwohnung, Miete, das Logis, non conductum alcis intrare, Sen.: in conductum accurrere, Petr.: in conducto habitare, ICt.: manere biennio toto in suo conducto, Vulg. – β) zur Ausführung, zur Lieferung gegen Entgelt übernehmen, in Entreprise nehmen (Ggstz. locare), ultro tributa, Liv.: praebenda quae ad exercitum Hispaniensem opus sunt, Liv.: columnam faciendam de alqo, Cic.: alqd molendum, Pompon. com. fr.: tabulas ac statuas in Italiam deportandas, Vell.: servum docendum, ICt. – certo tamen et levi pretio fultura conducitur, Sen. de ben. 6, 15, 7. – m. folg. ut u. Konj., Simonides... victoris laudem cuidam pyctae ut scriberet, certo conductus pretio secretum petit, Phaedr. 4, 15 (25), 4 sqq. – im Zshg. absol., ad conducendum tres societates aderant, Liv. 23, 49, 1: utroque impetrato conduxerunt, ibid. § 3. – 2) etw. durch Kauf an sich bringen = erhandeln, kaufen, agnum caedundum (zum Schlachten), Plaut. aul. 567:

————

pretio magno librum, Gell. 18, 5, 11.

II) v. intr. = συμφέρειν, beitragen, zuträglich-, ersprießlich sein, ea maxime conducunt, quae sunt rectissima, Cic.: conducit nihil, Aur. Vict.: u. (m. Acc. u. Infin. als Subjekt) conducere arbitror talibus aures tuas vocibus undique circumsonare, Cic. – m. Ang. wem? durch Dat., huic aetati non conducit latebrosus locus, Plaut.: et virtute (alter Dat.) tuae et caris conducere chartis, Lucil. fr.: non quomodo ambitioni meae conducere arbitrabar, C. Gracch. fr.: neque homini infanti aut impotenti iniuste facta conducunt, Cic.: quae maxime cum mihi tum etiam rei publicae rationibus putem conducere, Cic.: quae saluti tuae conducere arbitror, Cic.: vinum maxime conducit alvo citae, Plin.: u. (m. Acc. u. Infin. als Subjekt) quod hoc maxime rei publicae conducit Syriam Macedoniamque decerni, Cic.: nostris rationibus maxime conducere videtur Thermum fieri (consulem) cum Caesare, Cic. – m. Ang. wozu? wofür? durch ad od. in u. Akk., alia ad eam rem conducentia, Gell.: quae ad ventris victum conducunt, Plaut.: consultant, ad vitae commoditatem iucunditatemque conducat id necne, Cic.: quod in rem recte conducat tuam, Plaut.: quid in rem publicam suam maxime conducere videretur, Sisenn. fr.: quod in commune conducat loco sententiae proferre, Tac. – ⇒ Parag. Infin. Präs. Pass. conducier, Plaut. merc. 663.

cor-rumpo, rūpī, ruptum, ere (con u. rumpo), I) der Existenz nach verderben, zuschanden machen, bis zur Unbrauchbarkeit beschädigen, zunichte machen, vernichten, a) mater. Objj.: α) übh.: sua frumenta c. aedificiaque incendere, Caes.: c. alimenta, Curt. – m. Ang. wodurch? womit? reliquum frumentum flumine atque incendio, Caes.: vineas igni et lapidibus, Sall.: coria igni ac lapidibus, Caes.: illa (aurum atque argentum) et domum et semet igni, Sall.: se suosque cum omnibus copiis suis ferro et igni, Flor.: alia opera disicere, alia igni c., Liv. (u. so oft c. igni, s. Fabri Sall. Iug. 76, 7. Duker Flor. 2, 6, 6). – v. lebl. Subjj., pituitae cursus acerrimus sequitur exulceratisque vehementer oculis aciem quoque ipsam corrumpit, Cels.: corrumpente (frumentum) umore, Plin. – β) das Vermögen zugrunde richten, ruinieren, res familiares, Sall.: saevius aut lenius agendo rem domini, Col.

b) Zustände usw., etwas verderben, zunichte machen = untergraben, zuschanden machen, vereiteln, verscherzen, verspielen, sich od. jmd. um etw. bringen, gratiam (die Gunst), Phaedr.: dei beneficia, Sen.: fidem artis (den Glauben an die Kunst), Tac.: corrupta totiens victoria, Tac.: c. libertatem, Tac.: ob rem corruptam domi poenas metuere, Sall.: se suasque spes c., Sall. – mit Ang. wem? durch Dat., ille

————

mihi hodie corrupit diem, Plaut. – m. Ang. wodurch? womit? durch Abl., tot meritorum gratiam (den Dank für so viele V.) maiore culpā, quam causa culpae est, Liv.: dubitando et prolatando magnas opportunitates, Sall.: his factis magnifice gestarum rerum gloriam, Val. Max.: multo dolore corrupta voluptas, ein zunichte gemachtes, zu Wasser gewordenes, Hor.: quodcumque addebatur subsidio, id corruptum timore fugientium, wurde vereitelt, Caes.

II) seiner guten Beschaffenheit nach zum Schlechtern verändern, verderben, verschlechtern, verfälschen, verhunzen, herunterbringen, im Passiv corrumpi = verderben (intr.), in Verderbnis übergehen, herunterkommen, a) physisch: α) übh.: pabulum et aquarum fontes, Sall.: vinum, oleum ceterasque res, quae ad victum parari solent, Auct. b. Afr.: Aeschinus odiose cessat; prandium corrumpitur, Ter.: assa caro danda est et valens, quae non facile corrumpitur, Cels.: conclusa aqua facile corrumpitur, Cic. – von lebl. Subjj., morbo caeli coorta tempestas corrupit lacus, verpestete, Verg.: aqua amara, quae corrumpit dulcem, Curt.: hoc medicamentum stomachum non corrumpit, Scrib. – mit Ang. wodurch? durch Abl., nec casiā liquidi corrumpitur usus olivi, Verg.: Ceres corrupta undis, Verg.: animadvertit rura neglegentiā villici corrupta et perdita, Val. Max.: vino forma perit, vino corrumpitur aetas, Prop. – m. Ang. wohin?

————

wozu? durch in u. Akk., umor ex hordeo aut frumento in quandam similitudinem vini corruptus, Tac. Germ. 23, 1: vinum in acorem corrumpitur, Macr. sat. 7, 12, 11. – β) den Körper und dessen Teile verderben, zuschanden machen, entstellen, bei Angabe wodurch? womit? m. Abl., ne plora; oculos corrumpis tales, Plaut.: quid fles et madidos lacrimis corrumpis ocellos, Ov.: teneros c. febribus artus, Ov.: dentibus ungues, zernagen, zerbeißen, Prop.: forma ne illā quidem sorte corrupta, Curt.: corpus exanimum nulla tabe, ne minimo quidem livore corruptum, Curt. – u. leb. Wesen, den Kräften nach herunterbringen, abmergeln, im Passiv = herunterkommen, abfallen, corrumpi equos in insula inclusos, Liv.; vgl. corrupti equi macie, Caes.: quia corruptos nuper viderat boves, Phaedr.

b) dem Laute, der Aussprache nach verderben, verhunzen, verdrehen, entstellen, Chloris eram, quae Flora vocor; corrupta Latino nominis est nostri littera Graeca sono, Ov. – nomen eorum paulatim Libyes corrupere, barbarā linguā Mauros pro Medis appellantes, Sall.: videri potest (Nilus) non alio nomine appellari, sed a barbaro ore corruptus, Mela. – m. Ang. wohin? wozu? durch in u. Akk., os in peregrinum sonum corruptum, Quint.: littera continuata cum insequente in naturam eius corrumpitur, Quint.

c) dem Sinne, Inhalte nach verderben, verfäl-

————

schen, entstellen, interpolieren, Schriften, Urkunden, c. litteras od. tabulas publicas, Cic.: u. so bl. c. litteras (Urkunden), Cic. – u. m. Ang. womit? durch Abl., tabulas publicas municipii manu suā c., Cic.: actorum eiusdem (Caesaris) insertis falsis regnis civitatibusque corrupti commentarii, Vell. – u. die Rede (Ggstz. ornare), totidem generibus corrumpitur oratio, quot ornatur, Quint. – m. Ang. wohin? wozu? durch in u. Akk., corruptae in adulationem causae, zur Schmeichelei entstellte Gründe, Tac. – von lebl. Subjj., illa temeraria laudatrix, fama popularis, simulatione honestatis formam eius (gloriae) pulchritudinemque corrumpit, entstellt, gibt ein Zerrbild (eine Karikatur) von usw., Cic. Tusc. 3, 4.

d) moralisch verderben, teils Zustände u. dgl., entweihen, entehren, herabwürdigen, schänden, zerrütten (Ggstz. corrigere), mores civitatis, Nep. u. (Ggstz. corrigere) Cic.; vgl. corrumpi mores (puerorum) in scholis, Quint.: c. disciplinam castrorum od. bl. disciplinam (Mannszucht), Plin. pan. u. Tac.: huius urbis iura et exempla corrumpere domesticāque immanitate nostrae civitatis humanitatem inquinare, Cic.: c. acceptam nobilitatem, Sall.: cubicula principum feminarum, Tac. – non est opus fide, quam neque cupiditas corrumpat, nec gratia avertat, nec metus frangat? Quint.: me non ullae poterunt corrumpere taedae, keine andere Liebesflamme wird mich

————

entweihen, Prop. – m. Ang. wodurch? durch Abl., humilibus per omnes tribus divisis forum et campum c., Liv.: inter tanta vitia aetas (meine schwache Jugend) ambitione corrupta tenebatur, Sall.: corrupti mores depravatique sunt admiratione divitiarum, Cic.: longā consuetudine corruptos depravatosque mores principatus reformare et corrigere, Plin. pan. – mit Ang. wohin? wozu? durch in u. Akk., omnium partium decus in mercedem corruptum erat, Sall. hist. fr. 1, 13 D. u. Kr.: non corrumpi ea in deterius, quae aliquando a malis fiunt, Plin. ep. 5, 3, 6. – teils Personen u. dgl. = verderben, corrumpere iuventutem (zB. von Sokrates), Quint.: tu illum corrumpi sinis, Ter.: non se luxu (luxui) neque inertiae corrumpendum dare, Sall.: u. v. lebl. Subjj., ne otium corrumperet militem, Vell.: milites soluto imperio licentia atque lascivia corruperat, Sall.: invidia vulgi vanum ingenium dictatoris corrupit, Liv.: haec (natura, natürlicher Gang) Curionem, haec Hortensii filium, non patrum culpa, corrupit, Cic.: quae manus obscenas depinxit prima tabellas, illa puellarum ingenuos corrupit ocellos, hat vergiftet den Blick, Prop. – m. Ang. wodurch? durch Abl., c. alqm pecuniā (vgl. unten no. α), Cic.: c. exercitum largiendo, Quint.: populus largitione magistratuum corruptus est, Nep.: corrumpi felicitate, vom Glücke verdorben (verwöhnt) werden, Ps. Quint. decl.: corruptus largitionibus animus, Cic.:

————

postquam luxu atque desidiā civitas corrupta est, Sall.: genus hominum ad honestatem natum malo cultu pravisque opinionibus corruptum, Cic.: iudicia corrupta et contaminata paucorum vitio ac turpitudine, Cic.

Insbes.: α) durch irgend ein Mittel zu einer unrechten Handlung verführen, verleiten, durch Geld usw. = bestechen, corrumpere et corrumpi (sich verführen lassen), Tac.: erilem filium, Plaut.: adulescentulus corruptus, Cic. – c. sacerdotes fani, Nep.: oraculum Delphicum, Nep.: scribae servum, Plin. ep.: iudicem, Cic.: nutricis fidem, Ov. – gew. m. Ang. wodurch? womit? durch Abl., c. alqm pecuniā, Sall.: alqm auro, Sall.: alqm donis, Sall.: tribum turpi largitione, Cic.: corrumpi regiā mercede, Val. Max.: ne pretio quidem corrumpi iudex in eiusmodi causa potest, Cic.: sibi quisque opes aut patrimonia quaerendo consilium publicum corruperunt, haben die öffentliche Meinung irregeleitet, Sall. fr.: addidi alios (elegos), facilitate corruptus, verführt, verleitet, Plin. ep. – m. Ang. durch wen (wessen Vermittelung)? durch per u. Akk., u. m. Ang. vermittelst wessen? durch Abl., tu doce, per quem sequestrem, quo divisore tribus corrupta sit, Cic. – m. Ang. wozu? durch ad od. in m. Akk., alqm ad scelus, Tac.: alqm ad societatem, Tac.: alqm in spem rapinarum, Tac. – m. Ang. in welcher Absicht? durch ut u. Konj., centuri-

————

ones ducesque turmarum, uti transfugerent, c., Sall.: Sp. Tarpeii filiam auro c., ut armatos in arcem accipiat, Liv.: u. so pretio corruptus fuerat, ut etc., Val. Max. – β) zur Unzucht verführen, entehren, schänden, mulierem, Ter.: puerum praetextatum et ingenuam virginem, Val. Max.: plurimas et illustres feminas, Suet.: fratris filiam, Suet.: uxorem quondam magni Minois, ut aiunt, corrupit torvi candida forma bovis, Prop. – ⇒ Parag. Infin. corrumpier, Lucr. 6, 18.

ē-vinco, vīcī, victum, ere, jmd. von Grund aus, d.i. gänzlich besiegen, vollständig überwinden, über jmd. vollständig die Oberhand gewinnen, I) eig.: 1) leb. Wesen: imbelles Aeduos, Tac. ann. 3, 46. – 2) lebl. Objj.: a) Schwierigkeiten, ein Übel usw. vollständig überwinden, über etwas Herr werden, etw. überstehen, sed evicit omnia assuetus praedae miles, Liv.: morbos, Col.: somnos, Ov.: evicti rogi, aus denen sich der Schatten losgerungen hat, Prop.: certa lineamenta evicerunt spississimam noctem, Petron. – b) durch seine Anzahl vollständig die Oberhand gewinnen über usw., evincit herbas lupinum, überwuchert gänzlich, Plin.: platanus caelebs evincet ulmos, wird gänzlich unterdrücken (= wird vom Felde verdrängen), Hor. – c) eine Örtlichkeit vollständig überwinden = über sie ganz hinausgelangen, -treten, -ragen usw. (s. Burmann Ov. her. 19, 155), aequora, litora, Ov.: os Ponti, Plin.: oppositas gurgite moles (v. Strom), Verg.: arbor celso vertice evincit (überragt weit) nemus, Sen. poët. – II) übtr.: A) im allg., u. zwar: a) eine Person überwinden, sodaß sie sich zu etwas versteht = jmd. völlig erweichen, zu etwas vermögen, gew. im Passiv = überwunden, besiegt werden, sich erweichen lassen, zu etwas vermocht werden, -sich bewegen lassen, lacrimis, dolore, precibus evinci (evictus), Verg., Ov.

————

u.a.: blandimentis vitae evicta (sc. ad vivendum), Tac.: supremis eius necessitatibus ad miserationem evinci, sich zum Mitleid erweichen lassen, Tac.: evinci ambitu civitetis in gaudium, durch die ihr öffentlich erwiesene Aufmerksamkeit zur Freude vermocht werden, Tac.: nec ut revocaret umquam ullis populi precibus potuit evinci, Suet. – b) über einen Affekt die Oberhand gewinnen, den Sieg davontragen, siegen, ihn besiegen, firmitas in perferendis et evincendis doloribus, Sen.: evicit miseratio iusta sociorum superbiam ingenitam, Liv. – B) insbes.: 1) (wie νικαν) es (eine Forderung usw.) durchsetzen, es dahin bringen, daß usw., mit folg. ut u. Konj., evincunt instando, ut litterae sibi ad Tarquinios darentur, Liv.: summā ope evicerunt, ut M. Furius Camillus crearetur, Liv. – 2) unumstößlich dartun, mit folg. Acc. u. Infin., si puerilius his ratio (Vernunft) esse evincet amare, Hor. sat. 2, 3, 250. – 3) als spät. jurist. t. t. = etw. auf gerichtl. Wege auswirken, wiedererlangen, sive totam rem sive partem, ICt.: servum, ICt.: puer evincitur ab assertore, Ps. Quint. decl.

vīvo (arch. veivo), vīxī, vīctum, ere (altind. jīvati, lebt, griech. βίομαι, βίος), leben, am Leben sein oder bleiben, das Leben haben, I) eig.: A) im allg.: a) v. Pers.: ad summam senectutem, Cic.: annum, ein Jahr, Cic.: tres et sexaginta annos, Liv. epit.: triginta annis, Cic.: annis LXXXV, Inscr.: non amplius quam uno die vivere, Plin.: non ut edam vivo, sed ut vivam edo, Cornif. rhet.: postquam comperit eum vivere posse, am Leben bleiben, Cic.: studia illa nostra, quibus antea delectabamur, nunc etiam vivimus, das Leben zu verdanken haben, Cic. ep. 13, 28, 2: Partiz. subst., viventes, die Lebenden (Ggstz. mortui), Lact. 5, 19, 25: factor altorque viventium, Lact. 5, 3, 25. – secum viventes, ihre Zeitgenossen, Curt. 8, 5 (18), 11. – m. Adi., lepidus vivis, Plaut.: si liberae ac pudicae vivere licitum fuisset, Liv.: isdem obnoxios vivere, Liv. – m. homog. Acc., vitam tutiorem, Cic.: vitam duram, Ter.: inhumanam vitam, Apul.: mei memineris, dum vitam vivas, Plaut.: vitam, quam tum vivebat, Cic.: Passiv, tertia vivitur aetas, man lebt, Ov. – Besondere Formeln: α) vivere de lucro, sein Leben der Schonung, Gnade eines anderen zu danken haben, de lucro iam prope quadriennium vivimus, Cic. ep. 9, 17, 1: de lucro tibi vivere me scito, Liv. 40, 8, 2. – β) vivere ex alcis more, nach jmds. Willen leben, Ter. heaut. 203: u. so vivere alieno

————

more, nach einer anderen (der Gattin) Willen, Ter. Andr. 152. – γ) vixisse, euphemist. v. Verstorbenen, Plaut. Bacch. 150 G.; most. 1002. – δ) si vivo od. si vivam, wenn ich das Leben habe, wenn ich am Leben bleibe, bei meinem Leben, als Drohung, Komik.; vgl. Spengel Ter. Andr. 866. Wagner Ter. heaut. 918. – ε) als Ausdruck der Beteuerung, ita vivam, so wahr ich lebe, Cic. u. Sen.: ne vivam, ich will das Leben nicht haben, ich will sterben, wenn usw., Cic. – b) übtr.: α) v. lebl. Subjj., leben, seine natürliche Kraft haben oder behalten, v. Pflanzen u. Bäumen, vivit vitis, Cic.: vivit arbor, kommt fort, bekleibt, Colum.: saepes vivit, es ist ein lebendiger Zaun, Varro. – β) v. Feuer, leben = brennen, cinis vivet, Ov.: bene vivitis ignes, Ov. – γ) von Bildern und Gemälden, wenn sie gleichs. leben, nach dem Leben getroffen sind, Claud. IV. cons. Hon. 589. – B) prägn.: 1) leben = wohl od. vergnügt leben, das Leben genießen, vivamus, mea Lesbia, Catull.: quando vivemus? Muße haben, Cic.: prius quaeso disce, quid sit vivere, Ter.: dah. vive, vivite, als Abschiedswort, lebe ( lebet) wohl! vive, vale, Hor., vive valeque, Hor.: vivite silvae, Verg. – 2) leben, fortdauern, nicht untergehen, vivunt scripta, Ov.: eius mihi vivit auctoritas, Cic.: vivit vulnus, Verg.: vivunt cucumeres, bleiben im Magen, Plin. – II) meton.: 1) von etwas od. irgendwie leben, a) von etw. sich näh-

————

ren, das Leben erhalten, piscibus, Caes.: cortice, Caes.: lacte et carne, lacte atque pecore, Caes.: rapto, Sall. fr., Liv. u.a., od. ex rapto, Ov.: rapto viventes (volucres), Raubvögel, Plin.: ut sit, quī vivat, daß er etwas zu leben habe, Unterhalt habe, Ter. – b) irgendwie leben, -sein Leben zubringen, sic vivitur, so lebe ich, Cic.: nemo aliter Romae potest vivere, Sen.: quia vivi aliter non potest, Lact. (vgl. Bünem. Lact. 4, 24, 17): v. cum timore, Cic.: v. in regno, Cic.: v. sub rege, Liv.: v. more regio, Liv.: in amore iocisque, Hor.: in caede et ex caede, Cic.: in litteris, in den Büchern, Cic.: in tenui pecunia, Cic.: in omnibus miseriis contumeliaque, Lact.: in paupertate, Cic. part. or. 63: in humilitate, in egestate, in contemptu, in ignominia, Lact. 7, 9, 17: bene, gut leben (= sich kein Vergnügen entgehen lassen), Komik.: parvo bene, Hor.: male, ärmlich, in ärmlichen Verhältnissen, Cic. u. Hor.: miserrime, Plaut.: e natura, Cic.: naturae convenienter, Cic.: luxuriose, Nep.: sapienter, Cic.: in diem (s. dies), Cic.: alci soli (für jmd. allein), Ter.: so auch sibi, Ter. – m. dopp. Nom., vivo miserrimus, Cic.: vivite fortes, Hor.: ecquis vivit fortunatior? Ter.: illā sorte contentus vivat, Hor.: Theophrasti servus et Zenonis servus philosophi (als Ph.) non incelebres vixerunt, Gell. 2, 18, 8. – 2) irgendwo od. mit irgend jmd. leben, a) irgendwo leben, sich befinden, sich aufhalten, vixit Syracusis, Nep.: in

————

Thracia, Nep. – b) mit jmd. leben, umgehen, Umgang haben, zusammen sein, cum alqo, Cic.: cum alqo valde familiariter, Cic.: cum alqo coniunctissime et amantissime, Cic.: cum Pansa vixi in Pompeiano, Cic.: aliter cum tyranno, aliter cum amico vivitur, Cic. – Sprichw., secum vivere, sich mit sich selbst abgeben, -beschäftigen, Cic. de sen. 49. – ⇒ Vulg. bibo, wov. bibat, Corp. inscr. Lat. 9, 6090, 6: bixit, Corp. inscr. Lat. 8, 252 u. 282: bixsit, Corp. inscr. Lat. 8, 57, 3 u. 670, 3: beixit, ibid. 8, 284, 3 u. 5: bisit, Corp. inscr. Lat. 14, 3423: bibere, Corp. inscr. Lat. 10, 2496, 1: bibens, Fabretti inscr. 546, 4 (bibenti): Fut. vivebo, Nov. com. 10: vivebunt, Ps. Cypr. de Sina et Sion 8: Fut. ex. viveritis, Itala (Amiat.) Coloss. 3, 7: synk. vixet = vixisset, Verg. Aen. 11, 118. Vgl. Georges Lexikon der lat. Wortformen S. 736.

* * *

circā, a later access. form for circum; not freq. before the Aug. per., esp. in Livy and Quintilian [acc. to Klotz, circa = circum ea; cf: antea, interea, postea, praeterea, etc.].

( = circum, I. B.) Around, round about, all around, in the environs or neighborhood:

gramen erat circa,

Ov. M. 3, 411:

ripaeque lacusque Responsant circa,

Verg. A. 12, 757:

at circa gravibus pensis affixa puella... remittat opus,

Tib. 1, 3, 87:

circaque quā tumor est,

Cels. 5, 28, 3; 5, 28, 4: fluvius ab tergo; ante circaque velut ripa praeceps oram ejus omnem cingebat, Liv. 27, 18, 5; 28, 33, 2:

circa Padus amnis,

id. 21, 43, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.:

caligo, quam circa umidi effuderant montes,

Curt. 4, 12, 20:

alibi quam Romao circaque,

Plin. 26, 1, 1, § 1; Quint. 12, prooem. § 2; Tac. A. 2, 11.—

Circa esse, to be in the region around, in the neighborhood:

ex montibus qui circa sunt,

Liv. 1, 4, 6:

Tarquinium moribundum cum qui circa erant excepissent,

id. 1, 41, 1:

sed non passi sunt ii, qui circa erant,

Nep. Eum. 10, 4:

eversa est turris quodque circa muri erat,

Liv. 34, 29, 6:

Corinthus et quae circa est regio,

Plin. 24, 9, 42, § 69; Quint. 10, 7, 16. —Also freq. without esse, in connection with a subst.:

multarum circa civitatum irritatis animis,

the towns lying around, Liv. 1, 17, 4; 9, 2, 1; 27, 30, 3; 29, 29, 2;

42, 64, 2: angulus muri erat in planiorem patentioremque quam cetera circa vallem vergens ( = cetera loca quae circa erant),

id. 21, 7, 5:

corpora multa virūm circa,

Verg. A. 7, 535; Plin. 3, 17, 21, § 124.—

Strengthened: undique circa and circa omnis ( = circum), round about, all around: frumento undique circa ex agris convecto. Liv. 42, 56, 8; 23, 19, 8;

nam et circa omnia defecerunt,

id. 9, 23, 10:

cum tam procul Romani unica spes, circa omnia hostium essent,

id. 21, 11, 12; cf. id. 9, 2, 7 Drak.:

exhausto circa omni agro,

id. 31, 38, 1; 24, 3, 3; Val. Fl. 8, 2; Flor. 1, 18, 12 Duker; Quint. 9, 2, 45.—

Prep. with acc.

In space.

( = circum, II. B.) Prop., in the region which surrounds, about, around, on the sides of:

quam (Hennam) circa lacus lucique sunt plurimi atque laetissimi flores omni tempore anni,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107:

noctu ligna contulerunt circa casam eam, in quā quiescebat,

Nep. Alcib. 10, 4:

circa flumina et lacus frequens nebula est,

Sen. Q. N. 5, 3, 1:

circa equum Alexandri,

Curt. 4, 15, 26:

illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 10; id. S. 2, 6, 34:

quem circa tigres jacent,

Ov. M. 3, 668.—

( = circum, II. C.) Into... around, to... round about, etc. (first in Livy):

Romulus legatos circa vicinas gentes misit,

Liv. 1, 9, 2:

legatis circa duodecim populos missis,

id. 4, 23, 5; 28, 26, 11:

circa domos ire,

id. 26, 13, 1; 25, 9, 2; 39, 18, 2;

29, 22, 3: circa civitates missi legati,

id. 21, 49, 7 Weissenb.; 31, 3, 5; Plin. 7, 37, 37, § 123; Suet. Aug. 49; id. Ner. 28:

litteris circa praefectos dimissis,

Liv. 42, 51, 1:

custodes circa omnes portas missi,

id. 28, 26, 11; 26, 13, 1.—

( = circum, II. D.) With the prevailing idea of neighborhood, vicinity, in the region of, near to, near by:

Capuam et urbis circa Capuam occupare,

Cic. Agr. 1, 7, 22:

circa Liternum posuit castra,

in the neighborhood of, Liv. 23, 35, 6:

tabernae erant circa forum,

Quint. 6, 3, 38:

circa Armeniae montes,

Curt. 5, 1, 13:

Acesinen amnem,

Plin. 12, 5, 11, § 23:

domum auream,

Suet. Ner. 38:

sacrificantem,

id. Claud. 36.—

As a less definite designation of place for in:

Orestis liberi sedem cepere circa Lesbum insulam,

Vell. 1, 2, 5:

circa Mesopotamiam subsistere,

Curt. 4, 9, 1:

quod circa Syriam nascitur,

Plin. 19, 3, 16, § 46;

Quint. prooem. § 20: initia statim primi libri,

id. 1, 5, 44; cf.

finem,

id. 4, 3, 5:

virentes campos,

Hor. C. 2, 5, 5:

cum amor saeviet circa jecur,

id. ib. 1, 25, 15 (cf. Petr. 17, 8:

dolor saevit in praecordiis). So esp. freq. in medic. lang.: circa faciem, nares, aures, labra,

Cels. 5, 28, 2; 5, 2, 8.—So in Livy, with names of places, approaching the more general use of later writers, v. infra, C.:

quadriduum circa rupem consumptum,

Liv. 21, 37, 3:

compositis circa Opuntem rebus,

id. 28, 7, 9:

iisdem diebus circa Chalcidem Thoas... eandem fortunam habuit,

id. 35, 37, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.; cf.:

multos circa unam rem ambitus fecerim,

id. 27, 27, 12 Weissenb. ad loc.—

( = circum, II. E.) In respect to persons who surround one (as attendants, friends, adherents, etc.), around, about:

multa sibi opus esse, multa canibus (sarcast. for indagatoribus) suis, quos circa se haberet,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 48, § 126:

ex iis trecentos juvenes inermes circa se habebat,

Liv. 29, 1, 2:

omnes,

Suet. Aug. 48; id. Calig. 43:

circa regem erat et Phrygum turba,

Curt. 3, 1, 17:

e spadonibus, qui circa reginam erant,

id. 4, 10, 25: omne sed officium circa te semper obibat turba tui sexūs, [p. 334] Mart. 1, 91, 3:

quod omnes circa te similes tui effecisti,

Plin. Pan. 83, 3.—In the language of the imperial court:

circa latus alicujus agere,

to wait on, altend, Dig. 27, 1, 30.—Hence also without a verb: circa aliquem, = hoi peri tina, the attendants, companions of a person:

omnibus vero circa eum gratuito aut levi fenore obstrictis,

Suet. Caes. 27; id. Dom. 9; cf. Liv. 21, 49, 7 Drak.—

(Peculiar to the form circa). In time, designating nearness, proximity to a definite point of time, about (first in Livy; cf.

circiter): postero die circa eandem horam in eundem locum rex copias admovit,

Liv. 42, 57, 10:

circa eum mensem,

Plin. 9, 18, 33, § 69:

lucis ortum,

Curt. 5, 3, 7:

lucem,

Suet. Oth. 11:

mediam noctem,

id. Claud. 2:

vernum aequinoctium,

Col. 5, 6, 19:

Kalendas et Idus Octobr.,

id. 5, 10, 8, 5, 10, 12; 5, 12, 2 al.; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 4; Pall. 2, 4; 2, 7 al.—With definite numbers:

septimum diem,

Cels. 2, 6:

undecimam horam,

Suet. Caes. 88:

lustra decem,

Hor. C. 4, 1, 6; Scrib. 227.—With general designations of time:

tempora illa,

Quint. 11, 3, 143:

tempora Peloponnesia,

id. 12, 10, 4:

Murenae Cepionisque conjurationis tempus,

Vell. 2, 93, 1:

Magni Pompeii aetatem,

Plin. 33, 12, 55, § 156:

mortem,

id. 11, 37, 73, § 189:

initia imperii,

Suet. Claud. 7.—And in the designation of periods of time by persons who belonged to them (cf. ante):

circa Demetrium Phalerea,

about the time of Demetrius Phalereus, Quint. 2, 4, 41 Spald.:

Tisiam et Coraca,

id. 2, 17, 7:

Philippum,

id. 12, 10, 6:

Ciceronem,

Sen. Contr. 1 praef.:

Attium,

Vell. 1, 17, 1.—

In numerical designations, about, nearly, almost (first in Livy for the usual ad or circiter):

ea fuere oppida circa septuaginta,

Liv. 45, 34, 6:

quingentos Romanorum,

id. 27, 42, 8:

decem milia Persarum,

Curt. 4, 6, 30:

sestertium vicies,

Suet. Claud. 6:

quartum milliarium,

id. Ner. 48:

selibram,

Cels. 4, 19:

singulas heminas,

id. 7, 15.—

(Also peculiar to the form circa, and only in post-Aug. prose; esp. freq. in Quint., occurring more than seventy times.) Trop. for the designation of an object about which, as if it were a centre, any thing moves, is done, etc., around, about, in, in respect to, etc.; depending upon substt., adjj., or verbs.

Upon substantives:

circa eosdem sensus certamen atque aemulatio,

Quint. 10, 5, 5:

circa S litteram deliciae,

id. 1, 11, 6:

verba dissensio,

id. 3, 11, 5:

memoriam suam vanitas atque jactatio,

id. 11, 2, 22:

hoc opiniones,

id. 2, 15, 1;

Plin 8, 16, 19, § 48: quem pugna est,

Quint. 8, 6, 1; 7, 1, 15:

voces inani studio,

id. 8, prooem §

18 et saep: rura sermo,

Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 5:

classicum brevis et expeditus labor,

Plin. Ep 3, 9, 13:

hospitia nullum fastidium,

id. Pan. 20, 3:

publica circa bonas artes socordia,

Tac. A. 11, 15:

principem novo exemplo, i. e. in principe,

Suet. Claud. 14.—

Upon adjectives:

non circa plurium artium species praestantem, sed in omnibus eminentissimum,

Quint. 12, 10, 12:

jus nostrum attentior,

id. 4, 5, 21:

studia mentis erectae,

id. 1, 3, 10:

lites raras ridiculi,

id. 7, 1, 43:

praecepta utiles sententiae,

id. 10, 1, 52; 6, 1, 42 al.:

corporis curam morosior,

Suet. Caes. 45:

victum indifferens,

id. ib. 53:

deos ac religiones neglegentior,

id. Tib. 69:

administrationem imperii vacuus,

id. Dom. 3 al.:

summa scelera distentum,

Tac. A. 16, 8 fin.:

adfectationem Germanicae originis ultro ambitiosi,

id. G. 28:

excessus otiosus,

id. Or. 22:

se animati,

Just. 14, 1, 3 al. —

Upon verbs facetum quoque non tantum circa ridicula opinor consistere, Quint. 6, 3, 19:

hoc disputatum est,

id. 1, 5, 34:

priores erratur,

id. 2, 5, 26:

formas litterarum haerere,

id. 1, 1, 21, cf. id. 5, 10, 114; Suet. Aug. 71. res tenues morari, Quint 1, 1, 35:

consilium elegendi successoris in duas factiones scindebantur,

Tac. H. 1, 13:

Medeam, Thyestem (tragoedias) tempus consumas,

id. Or. 3:

successorem omnia ordinari,

Suet. Claud. 45:

ceremonias, item circa omnium ordinum statum quaedam correxit,

id. ib. 22.

Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107; Ov. A. A. 2, 577; id..3, 668; cf. circum, II. fin.

Circa, ae, v. Circe.

circā, a later access. form for circum; not freq. before the Aug. per., esp. in Livy and Quintilian [acc. to Klotz, circa = circum ea; cf: antea, interea, postea, praeterea, etc.].

( = circum, I. B.) Around, round about, all around, in the environs or neighborhood:

gramen erat circa,

Ov. M. 3, 411:

ripaeque lacusque Responsant circa,

Verg. A. 12, 757:

at circa gravibus pensis affixa puella... remittat opus,

Tib. 1, 3, 87:

circaque quā tumor est,

Cels. 5, 28, 3; 5, 28, 4: fluvius ab tergo; ante circaque velut ripa praeceps oram ejus omnem cingebat, Liv. 27, 18, 5; 28, 33, 2:

circa Padus amnis,

id. 21, 43, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.:

caligo, quam circa umidi effuderant montes,

Curt. 4, 12, 20:

alibi quam Romao circaque,

Plin. 26, 1, 1, § 1; Quint. 12, prooem. § 2; Tac. A. 2, 11.—

Circa esse, to be in the region around, in the neighborhood:

ex montibus qui circa sunt,

Liv. 1, 4, 6:

Tarquinium moribundum cum qui circa erant excepissent,

id. 1, 41, 1:

sed non passi sunt ii, qui circa erant,

Nep. Eum. 10, 4:

eversa est turris quodque circa muri erat,

Liv. 34, 29, 6:

Corinthus et quae circa est regio,

Plin. 24, 9, 42, § 69; Quint. 10, 7, 16. —Also freq. without esse, in connection with a subst.:

multarum circa civitatum irritatis animis,

the towns lying around, Liv. 1, 17, 4; 9, 2, 1; 27, 30, 3; 29, 29, 2;

42, 64, 2: angulus muri erat in planiorem patentioremque quam cetera circa vallem vergens ( = cetera loca quae circa erant),

id. 21, 7, 5:

corpora multa virūm circa,

Verg. A. 7, 535; Plin. 3, 17, 21, § 124.—

Strengthened: undique circa and circa omnis ( = circum), round about, all around: frumento undique circa ex agris convecto. Liv. 42, 56, 8; 23, 19, 8;

nam et circa omnia defecerunt,

id. 9, 23, 10:

cum tam procul Romani unica spes, circa omnia hostium essent,

id. 21, 11, 12; cf. id. 9, 2, 7 Drak.:

exhausto circa omni agro,

id. 31, 38, 1; 24, 3, 3; Val. Fl. 8, 2; Flor. 1, 18, 12 Duker; Quint. 9, 2, 45.—

Prep. with acc.

In space.

( = circum, II. B.) Prop., in the region which surrounds, about, around, on the sides of:

quam (Hennam) circa lacus lucique sunt plurimi atque laetissimi flores omni tempore anni,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107:

noctu ligna contulerunt circa casam eam, in quā quiescebat,

Nep. Alcib. 10, 4:

circa flumina et lacus frequens nebula est,

Sen. Q. N. 5, 3, 1:

circa equum Alexandri,

Curt. 4, 15, 26:

illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 10; id. S. 2, 6, 34:

quem circa tigres jacent,

Ov. M. 3, 668.—

( = circum, II. C.) Into... around, to... round about, etc. (first in Livy):

Romulus legatos circa vicinas gentes misit,

Liv. 1, 9, 2:

legatis circa duodecim populos missis,

id. 4, 23, 5; 28, 26, 11:

circa domos ire,

id. 26, 13, 1; 25, 9, 2; 39, 18, 2;

29, 22, 3: circa civitates missi legati,

id. 21, 49, 7 Weissenb.; 31, 3, 5; Plin. 7, 37, 37, § 123; Suet. Aug. 49; id. Ner. 28:

litteris circa praefectos dimissis,

Liv. 42, 51, 1:

custodes circa omnes portas missi,

id. 28, 26, 11; 26, 13, 1.—

( = circum, II. D.) With the prevailing idea of neighborhood, vicinity, in the region of, near to, near by:

Capuam et urbis circa Capuam occupare,

Cic. Agr. 1, 7, 22:

circa Liternum posuit castra,

in the neighborhood of, Liv. 23, 35, 6:

tabernae erant circa forum,

Quint. 6, 3, 38:

circa Armeniae montes,

Curt. 5, 1, 13:

Acesinen amnem,

Plin. 12, 5, 11, § 23:

domum auream,

Suet. Ner. 38:

sacrificantem,

id. Claud. 36.—

As a less definite designation of place for in:

Orestis liberi sedem cepere circa Lesbum insulam,

Vell. 1, 2, 5:

circa Mesopotamiam subsistere,

Curt. 4, 9, 1:

quod circa Syriam nascitur,

Plin. 19, 3, 16, § 46;

Quint. prooem. § 20: initia statim primi libri,

id. 1, 5, 44; cf.

finem,

id. 4, 3, 5:

virentes campos,

Hor. C. 2, 5, 5:

cum amor saeviet circa jecur,

id. ib. 1, 25, 15 (cf. Petr. 17, 8:

dolor saevit in praecordiis). So esp. freq. in medic. lang.: circa faciem, nares, aures, labra,

Cels. 5, 28, 2; 5, 2, 8.—So in Livy, with names of places, approaching the more general use of later writers, v. infra, C.:

quadriduum circa rupem consumptum,

Liv. 21, 37, 3:

compositis circa Opuntem rebus,

id. 28, 7, 9:

iisdem diebus circa Chalcidem Thoas... eandem fortunam habuit,

id. 35, 37, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.; cf.:

multos circa unam rem ambitus fecerim,

id. 27, 27, 12 Weissenb. ad loc.—

( = circum, II. E.) In respect to persons who surround one (as attendants, friends, adherents, etc.), around, about:

multa sibi opus esse, multa canibus (sarcast. for indagatoribus) suis, quos circa se haberet,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 48, § 126:

ex iis trecentos juvenes inermes circa se habebat,

Liv. 29, 1, 2:

omnes,

Suet. Aug. 48; id. Calig. 43:

circa regem erat et Phrygum turba,

Curt. 3, 1, 17:

e spadonibus, qui circa reginam erant,

id. 4, 10, 25: omne sed officium circa te semper obibat turba tui sexūs, [p. 334] Mart. 1, 91, 3:

quod omnes circa te similes tui effecisti,

Plin. Pan. 83, 3.—In the language of the imperial court:

circa latus alicujus agere,

to wait on, altend, Dig. 27, 1, 30.—Hence also without a verb: circa aliquem, = hoi peri tina, the attendants, companions of a person:

omnibus vero circa eum gratuito aut levi fenore obstrictis,

Suet. Caes. 27; id. Dom. 9; cf. Liv. 21, 49, 7 Drak.—

(Peculiar to the form circa). In time, designating nearness, proximity to a definite point of time, about (first in Livy; cf.

circiter): postero die circa eandem horam in eundem locum rex copias admovit,

Liv. 42, 57, 10:

circa eum mensem,

Plin. 9, 18, 33, § 69:

lucis ortum,

Curt. 5, 3, 7:

lucem,

Suet. Oth. 11:

mediam noctem,

id. Claud. 2:

vernum aequinoctium,

Col. 5, 6, 19:

Kalendas et Idus Octobr.,

id. 5, 10, 8, 5, 10, 12; 5, 12, 2 al.; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 4; Pall. 2, 4; 2, 7 al.—With definite numbers:

septimum diem,

Cels. 2, 6:

undecimam horam,

Suet. Caes. 88:

lustra decem,

Hor. C. 4, 1, 6; Scrib. 227.—With general designations of time:

tempora illa,

Quint. 11, 3, 143:

tempora Peloponnesia,

id. 12, 10, 4:

Murenae Cepionisque conjurationis tempus,

Vell. 2, 93, 1:

Magni Pompeii aetatem,

Plin. 33, 12, 55, § 156:

mortem,

id. 11, 37, 73, § 189:

initia imperii,

Suet. Claud. 7.—And in the designation of periods of time by persons who belonged to them (cf. ante):

circa Demetrium Phalerea,

about the time of Demetrius Phalereus, Quint. 2, 4, 41 Spald.:

Tisiam et Coraca,

id. 2, 17, 7:

Philippum,

id. 12, 10, 6:

Ciceronem,

Sen. Contr. 1 praef.:

Attium,

Vell. 1, 17, 1.—

In numerical designations, about, nearly, almost (first in Livy for the usual ad or circiter):

ea fuere oppida circa septuaginta,

Liv. 45, 34, 6:

quingentos Romanorum,

id. 27, 42, 8:

decem milia Persarum,

Curt. 4, 6, 30:

sestertium vicies,

Suet. Claud. 6:

quartum milliarium,

id. Ner. 48:

selibram,

Cels. 4, 19:

singulas heminas,

id. 7, 15.—

(Also peculiar to the form circa, and only in post-Aug. prose; esp. freq. in Quint., occurring more than seventy times.) Trop. for the designation of an object about which, as if it were a centre, any thing moves, is done, etc., around, about, in, in respect to, etc.; depending upon substt., adjj., or verbs.

Upon substantives:

circa eosdem sensus certamen atque aemulatio,

Quint. 10, 5, 5:

circa S litteram deliciae,

id. 1, 11, 6:

verba dissensio,

id. 3, 11, 5:

memoriam suam vanitas atque jactatio,

id. 11, 2, 22:

hoc opiniones,

id. 2, 15, 1;

Plin 8, 16, 19, § 48: quem pugna est,

Quint. 8, 6, 1; 7, 1, 15:

voces inani studio,

id. 8, prooem §

18 et saep: rura sermo,

Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 5:

classicum brevis et expeditus labor,

Plin. Ep 3, 9, 13:

hospitia nullum fastidium,

id. Pan. 20, 3:

publica circa bonas artes socordia,

Tac. A. 11, 15:

principem novo exemplo, i. e. in principe,

Suet. Claud. 14.—

Upon adjectives:

non circa plurium artium species praestantem, sed in omnibus eminentissimum,

Quint. 12, 10, 12:

jus nostrum attentior,

id. 4, 5, 21:

studia mentis erectae,

id. 1, 3, 10:

lites raras ridiculi,

id. 7, 1, 43:

praecepta utiles sententiae,

id. 10, 1, 52; 6, 1, 42 al.:

corporis curam morosior,

Suet. Caes. 45:

victum indifferens,

id. ib. 53:

deos ac religiones neglegentior,

id. Tib. 69:

administrationem imperii vacuus,

id. Dom. 3 al.:

summa scelera distentum,

Tac. A. 16, 8 fin.:

adfectationem Germanicae originis ultro ambitiosi,

id. G. 28:

excessus otiosus,

id. Or. 22:

se animati,

Just. 14, 1, 3 al. —

Upon verbs facetum quoque non tantum circa ridicula opinor consistere, Quint. 6, 3, 19:

hoc disputatum est,

id. 1, 5, 34:

priores erratur,

id. 2, 5, 26:

formas litterarum haerere,

id. 1, 1, 21, cf. id. 5, 10, 114; Suet. Aug. 71. res tenues morari, Quint 1, 1, 35:

consilium elegendi successoris in duas factiones scindebantur,

Tac. H. 1, 13:

Medeam, Thyestem (tragoedias) tempus consumas,

id. Or. 3:

successorem omnia ordinari,

Suet. Claud. 45:

ceremonias, item circa omnium ordinum statum quaedam correxit,

id. ib. 22.

Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107; Ov. A. A. 2, 577; id..3, 668; cf. circum, II. fin.

Circa, ae, v. Circe.

frĕmo, ŭi, ĭtum, 3, v. n. and a. [cf. bremô, bromos, brontê].

Neutr., to make a low roaring, to roar, resound, to growl, murmur, rage, snort, howl (class.;

syn.: frendo, strideo, strepo, crepo): (ventus ibi) Speluncas inter magnas fremit ante tumultu,

Lucr. 6, 581; cf. Verg. A. 1, 56:

venti immani turbine,

Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 25:

mare,

Val. Fl. 2, 646; cf.:

Ister tumidā aquā,

id. 6, 329:

montes undaeque,

Stat. Th. 12, 654:

saxa concita murali tormento,

whiz, Verg. A. 12, 922:

viae laetitiā ludisque plausuque,

resound, id. ib. 9, 717:

agri festis ululatibus,

Ov. M. 3, 528:

irritata canum cum primum immane Molossūm Mollia ricta fremunt,

Lucr. 5, 1064:

leo ore cruento,

Verg. A. 9, 341; Plin. 8, 16, 19, § 48; cf. Varr. L. L. 7, § 104 Müll.:

equus,

neighs, Verg. A. 11, 496; 599; Hor. C. 4, 14, 23; id. Epod. 9, 17:

lupus ad caulas,

Verg. A. 9, 60:

tigres,

Val. Fl. 2, 260:

fremant omnes licet, dicam quod sentio,

to mutter, grumble, Cic. de Or. 1, 44, 195:

cum in basilica Julia... omnia clamoribus fremerent,

Quint. 12, 5, 6:

omnes magno circum clamore fremebant,

Verg. A. 6, 175:

cunctique fremebant Caelicolae assensu vario,

id. ib. 10, 96:

cuncti simul ore fremebant Dardanidae,

id. ib. 1, 559;

5, 555: animisque fremens,

id. ib. 12, 371; cf.:

stabat acerba fremens Aeneas,

id. ib. 12, 398:

patres, erecti gaudio, fremunt,

Liv. 6, 6, 17: rumor de tibicine Fremit in theatro, Phaedr. [p. 779] 5, 7, 21.—

Act., to murmur, grumble, growl, rage at or after any thing, to complain loudly.

With acc.:

dixerat haec unoque omnes eadem ore fremebant,

Verg. A. 11, 132: arma amens fremit;

arma toro tectisque requirit, Saevit amor ferri,

id. ib. 7, 460: si plebs fremere imperia coepisset, i. e. to murmur at, Cass. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 56.—

With an object-clause:

jam vero Arrius consulatum sibi ereptum fremit,

Cic. Att. 2, 7,3:

Pedum expugnandum ac delendum senatus fremit,

Liv. 8, 13, 1:

praetorianus miles, non virtute se sed proditione victum fremebat,

Tac. H. 2, 44:

(M. Bruti) epistolae frementes, fibulas tribunicias ex auro geri,

id. ib. 4, 35; Plin. 33, 3, 12, § 39.

ĭbĭ̄, adv. [from the pronom. root I, is, with dat. ending as in tibi, sibi, in loc. sense as in ubi; cf. Sanscr. suffix bhjam; Corss. Ausspr. 1, 169], in that place, there, = entautha (cf. istic).

Lit., in space:

ibi cenavi atque ibi quievi in navi noctem perpetem,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 100;

tandem abii ad praetorem. Ibi vix requievi,

id. Capt. 2, 2, 6: nempe in foro? De. Ibi, id. As. 1, 1, 104:

in Asiam hinc abii, atque ibi, etc.,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 59:

Demaratus fugit Tarquinios Corintho et ibi suas fortunas constituit,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 37, 109; Ov. M. 1, 316:

aedificabat in summa Velia: ibi alto atque munito loco arcem inexpugnabilem fore,

Liv. 2, 7, 6:

erit haec differentia inter hoc edictum et superius, quod ibi de eo damno praetor loquitur, etc.,

Dig. 47, 8, 4, § 6:

musca est meus pater... nec sacrum nec tam profanum quicquamst, quin ibi ilico adsit,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 27:

ut illa, quae dicimus, non domo attulisse, sed ibi protinus sumpsisse videamur,

there, on the spot, Quint. 11, 2, 46; 4, 1, 54; 12, 9, 19:

in eo flumine pons erat. Ibi praesidium ponit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 47.—In common speech, sometimes pleonastic, with the name of a place:

in medio propter canalem, ibi ostentatores meri,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 15; 19; 22; id. Cist. 1, 1, 18; cf.:

illic ibi demum'st locus, ubi, etc.,

id. Capt. 5, 4, 3.—With corresp. relative adverbs, ubi, unde, etc.:

nam ubi tu profusus, ibi ego me pervelim sepultam,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 7:

nemo est, quin ubivis quam ibi, ubi est, esse malit,

Cic. Fam. 6, 1, 1; cf.:

ibi esse, ubi, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 10:

ubi tyrannus est, ibi... dicendum est plane nullam esse rem publicam,

id. Rep. 3, 31:

multa intelleges meliora apud nos multo esse facta quam ibi fuissent, unde huc translata essent,

id. ib. 2, 16.—So with quo loco, etc.:

quo loco maxime umor intus perseverabit, ibi pus proximum erit,

Cels. 8, 9; cf.:

quacumque equo invectus est, ibi haud secus quam pestifero sidere icti pavebant,

Liv. 8, 9, 12:

quo descenderant, ibi processerunt longe,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 5.—With gen.:

ibi loci terrarum orbe portis discluso,

Plin. 6, 11, 12, § 30.—Post-class. of vessels, etc., therein (= in eis):

qui sciens vasa vitiosa commodavit, si ibi infusum vinum est, etc.,

Dig. 13, 6, 18, § 3.—Post-class. and very rarely with verbs of motion (for eo):

et cum ibi venerimus,

there, thither, Dig. 1, 2, 1 fin.; cf. ibidem.—

Transf.

Of time, then, thereupon (mostly ante - class. and poet., but freq. in Liv.):

invocat deos inmortales: ibi continuo contonat Sonitu maxumo, etc.,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 41 sq.; cf.:

ubi... ibi,

ib. 11:

postquam... ibi,

ib. v. 39 sq.:

ter conatus ibi collo dare bracchia circum,

Verg. A. 2, 792:

ibi infit, etc.,

Liv. 3, 71, 6:

nec moram ullam, quin ducat, dari: Ibi demum ita aegre tulit, ut, etc.,

then for the first time, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 53: ibi postquam laborare aciem Calpurnius vidit, Liv. 39, 31, 4.—With cum:

ibi cum alii mores et instituta eorum eluderent,

Liv. 40, 5, 7:

ibi cum de re publica retulisset,

id. 22, 1, 4.—With corresp. ubi:

ille ubi miser famelicus videt, me tam facile victum quaerere, ibi homo coepit me obsecrare, etc.,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 30:

non voco (te patrem): Ubi voles pater esse, ibi esto,

Plaut. Ep. 4, 2, 25.—Pleonastically with tum:

tum ibi nescio quis me arripit,

Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 47: ibi tum derepente ex alto in altum despexit mare, Enn. ap. Non. 518, 6 (Trag. Rel. v. 352 Vahl.):

cum Aebutius Caecinae malum minaretur, ibi tum Caecinam postulasse, etc.,

Cic. Caecin. 10, 27; cf.:

ibi nunc (colloq.),

Plaut. Am. prol. 135; id. Curc. 3, 68.—

Of other relations, there, in that matter, on that occasion, in that condition (class.): nolite ibi nimiam spem habere, Cato ap. Gell. 13, 17, 1:

numquid ego ibi peccavi?

Plaut. Ep. 4, 2, 23:

at pol ego ibi sum, esse ubi miserum hominem decet,

id. Bacch. 5, 1, 21:

si quid est, quod ad testes reservet, ibi nos quoque paratiores reperiet,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 29, 82:

ibi fortunae veniam damus,

in that case, Juv. 11, 176:

huic ab adulescentia bella intestina, caedes, rapinae, discordia civilis grata fuere, ibique juventutem suam exercuit,

in these things, Sall. C. 5, 2; Quint. 2, 2, 12:

non poterat ibi esse quaestio,

id. 7, 1, 5:

subsensi illos ibi esse et id agere inter se clanculum,

to be at it, busy about it, Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 63:

ibi esse,

id. ib. 5, 2, 30; cf.:

cecinere vates, cujus civitatis eam civis Dianae immolasset, ibi fore imperium,

i. e. in that state, Liv. 1, 45, 5:

ibi imperium fore, unde victoria fuerit,

id. 1, 24, 2:

et interdum in sanctionibus adicitur, ut qui ibi aliquid commisit, capite puniatur, i. e. in his sanctionibus,

Dig. 1, 8, 9, § 3.—

Of persons, in or with him or her (very rare): duxi uxorem;

quam ibi miseriam vidi!

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 13 (cf.: ibi inquit, quasi uxor locus sit, Don. ad loc.); cf.:

nil ibi majorum respectus,

Juv. 8, 64.—

Esp., law t. t.: tunc ibi, then and there, in the state of affairs then existing:

de eo, quaque ille tunc ibi habuit, tantummodo, intra annum... judicium dabo,

Dig. 43, 16, 1 praef.; cf.: ibi autem ait praetor, ut ne quis et quae illic non habuit, complectatur, ib. § 37 sq.

impĕrĭum ( inp-), ĭi, n. [impero], a command, order, direction.

Lit. (mostly ante-class. and post-Aug.): si quid opus est, impera: imperium exsequar. Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 1; cf.:

nunc pergam eri imperium exsequi,

id. ib. 1, 1, 106:

eri imperia persequi,

id. ib. 2, 1, 75:

imperium exsequi,

id. Men. 5, 6, 16; Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 22:

obsequens obediensque est mori atque imperiis patris,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 55; cf. id. Trin. 2, 2, 21; id. Men. 5, 7, 1:

tuo facit jussu, tuo imperio paret,

id. As. 1, 2, 21:

malus et nequam est homo, qui nihili imperium eri Sui servus facit,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 1; cf. id. As. 2, 4, 10:

quod hi neque ad concilia veniebant neque imperio parebant,

Caes. B. G. 5, 2 fin.:

imperium neglegere,

id. ib. 5, 7, 7:

neque ab uno omnia imperia administrari poterant,

id. ib. 2, 22 fin.:

imperio Jovis huc venio,

Verg. A. 5, 726; cf.:

et Jovis imperium et cari praecepta parentis Edocet,

id. ib. 5, 747:

imperiis deūm propalam expositis,

Liv. 8, 6, 12:

quidam (pueri) imperia indignantur,

Quint. 1, 3, 6:

aegri quoquo neglecto medentium imperio, etc.,

Plin. Pan. 22, 3:

elephanti inest imperiorum obedientia,

Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 1:

naturae imperio gemimus, cum, etc.,

Juv. 15, 138:

cujus paruit imperiis,

id. 14, 331.

Transf., the right or power of commanding, authority, command, control (freq. and class.).

In gen.: Mes. Nempe jubes? Me. Jubeo hercle, si quid imperii est in te mihi, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 41; cf. id. Pers. 3, 1, 15:

Appius et caecus et senex tenebat non modo auctoritatem sed etiam imperium in suos,

Cic. de Sen. 11, 37:

reges in ipsos imperium est Jovis,

Hor. C. 3, 1, 6:

eone es ferox, quia habes imperium in beluas?

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 25:

mater, cujus sub imperio'st, mala,

id. Heaut. 2, 2, 4: An. Sta ilico. Ge. Hem, sates pro imperio! quisquis es, i. e. authorilatively, imperiously, id. Phorm. 1, 4, 19:

domesticum,

Cic. Caecin. 18, 52; id. Inv. 2, 47, 140:

(Juppiter) Divosque mortalesque turbas Imperio regit unus aequo,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 48; cf.:

sed me jussa deūm... Imperiis egere suis,

Verg. A. 6, 463:

Phyllius illic Imperio pueri volucresque ferumque leonem Tradiderat domitos,

Ov. M. 7, 373:

agricolae habent rationem cum terra, quae numquam recusat imperium,

Cic. de Sen. 15, 51.—

In partic.

In publicists' lang., supreme power, sovereignty, sway, dominion, empire (cf.: principatus, dominatus, regnum; potestas, potentia).

Sing.: Tarquinio dedit imperium simul et sola regni, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 298 Müll. (Ann. v. 151 Vahl.); cf.:

navorum imperium servare est induperantum,

id. ib. 169 Müll. (Ann. v. 413 Vahl.); and:

ipse (Numa rex) de suo imperio curiatam legem tulit,

Cic. Rep. 2, 13; 2, 17; 18; [p. 901] 20;

21: homo dominandi cupidus aut imperii singularis,

sole dominion, id. ib. 1, 33:

singulare et potestas regia,

id. ib. 2, 9:

esse consul cum summo imperio et potestate,

id. Verr. 1, 13, 37; id. Fl. 8, 18; cf.:

cum summo imperio et potestate versari,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 10, 31:

qui (App. Claudius) tum erat summo imperio,

id. Fin. 2, 20, 66:

omne imperium nostri penes singulos esse voluerunt,

id. Rep. 1, 40; 2, 32:

de imperio Caesaris... gravissime decernitur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 4:

imperium extra ordinem dare,

Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 25:

quod imperium potest esse praestantius quam, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 17:

eos qui antea commodis fuerint moribus, imperio, potestate, prosperis rebus immutari,

id. Lael. 15, 54:

ad deponendum imperium tardior esse,

id. Rep. 2, 12:

expertes imperii,

id. ib. 1, 31:

deponentium imperium tyrannorum,

Quint. 9, 2, 67 et saep.:

sub populi Romani imperium dicionemque cadere,

Cic. Font. 1, 2; so,

with dicio,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 7; cf.:

Gallia sub populi Romani imperium redacta,

id. ib. 5, 29, 4:

totam ad imperium populi Romani Ciliciam adjunxit,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 35:

majestas est in imperio atque in omni populi Romani dignitate,

Quint. 7, 3, 35:

cum duobus ducibus de imperio in Italia decertatum est, Pyrrho et Hannibale,

Cic. Lael. 8, 28; cf.:

de imperio dimicare,

id. Off. 1, 12, 38:

spes diuturnitatis atque imperii,

id. Rep. 2, 3; cf.:

sedem et domum summo imperio praebere,

id. ib. 2, 5 fin.:

quod ipse suae civitatis imperium obtenturus esset,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3, 6:

civitati imperium totius provinciae pollicetur,

id. ib. 7, 64 fin.:

cum abunde expertus esset quam bene umeris tuis sederet imperium,

Plin. Pan. 10 fin.:

auctoritate magis quam imperio regere,

Liv. 1, 7, 8; cf.:

nec illum pro imperio submovere posse... quia ita dicatur: si vobis videtur, discedite, Quirites,

id. 2, 56, 12.—

Plur.:

nec vero imperia expetenda ac potius aut non accipienda interdum aut deponenda nonnumquam,

i. e. public offices, Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68:

(cives) mandant imperia,

id. Rep. 1, 31; cf.:

honores, magistratus, imperia, potestates, opes amicitiae anteponere,

id. Lael. 17, 63:

cui (duci) dantur imperia et ea continuantur, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 44:

ita cepi et gessi maxima imperia, ut, etc.,

id. Fam. 3, 7, 5:

vides tyranni satellites in imperiis,

id. Att. 14, 5, 2:

quod praestare dicant Gallorum quam Romanorum imperia perferre,

dominion, government, Caes. B. G. 1, 17, 3:

qui mobilitate ac levitate animi novis imperiis studebant,

id. ib. 2, 1, 3:

imperia legum potentiora quam hominum,

Liv. 2, 1, 1. —

Hence, transf., concr.

Dominion, realm, empire (esp. freq. since the Aug. per.):

duae urbes inimicissimae huic imperio,

Cic. Lael. 3, 11:

jam ipsa terra ita mihi parva visa est, ut me imperii nostri pæniteret,

id. Rep. 6, 16 fin.:

nostrum,

id. ib. 3, 29; cf.:

finium imperii nostri propagatio,

id. Prov. Cons. 12, 29:

fines imperii propagavit,

id. Rep. 3, 12:

imperium Oceano, famam qui terminet astris,

Verg. A. 1, 287:

per quas (artes) imperi Porrecta majestas ad ortus Solis ab Hesperio cubili,

Hor. C. 4, 15, 14:

adjectis Britannis Imperio,

id. ib. 3, 5, 4:

quem vocet divum populus ruentis Imperi rebus?

id. ib. 1, 2, 26;

1, 37, 8: immensum imperii corpus stare ac librari sine rectore non potest,

Tac. H. 1, 16:

reges socii, membra partesque imperii,

Suet. Aug. 48:

breviarium totius imperii,

id. ib. 101:

rationarium imperii,

id. ib. 28:

imperii fines Tiberinum natare,

Juv. 8, 265:

noverat luxuriam imperii veterem,

i. e. of the Roman court, id. 4, 137.—

Trop., rule, control (very rare but class.):

illud vide, si in animis hominum regale imperium sit, unius fore dominatum, consilii scilicet,

Cic. Rep. 1, 38.—Iron.:

imperium judiciorum tenere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 31, § 77:

coactae imperio sexus,

i. e. the ambition, Juv. 6, 135.—

Law t. t., the jurisdiction or discretion of a magistrate:

omnia autem judicia aut legitimo jure consistunt aut imperio continentur,

Gai. Inst. 4, 103:

ideo autem imperio contineri judicia dicuntur, quia tamdiu valent, quamdiu is qui ea praecepit imperium habet,

id. ib. 4, 105; cf. 3, 181 al.—

Milit., the chief command, command.

Sing.:

victum atque expugnatum oppidum est Imperio atque auspicio Amphitruonis maxime,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 37; 1, 1, 41: re impetrata contendunt, ut ipsis summa imperii transdatur, Caes. B. G. 7, 63, 5:

delatam sibi summam imperii,

Suet. Ner. 3:

censet enim etiam ex iis, qui cum imperio sint,

Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 3:

nostri imperii dignitas,

id. ib. 1, 7, 4:

novem annis, quibus in imperio fuit,

Suet. Caes. 25:

legionum curam et imperium alicui demandare,

id. ib. 76:

alicui imperium prorogare,

id. Tib. 30:

imperii tempus explere,

id. Caes. 26: cum imperio aut magistratu, i. e. a military or civil command, Suet. Tib. 12:

qui dabat olim imperium, fasces, etc.,

Juv. 10, 79; cf. in the foll.—

Plur.:

mandant (cives) imperia, magistratus,

i. e. military and civil commands, Cic. Rep. 1, 31; cf.:

magistratus, imperia, amicitiae anteponere,

id. Lael. 17, 63;

so opp. magistratus,

Suet. Caes. 54; 75; id. Aug. 61.—

Transf.

Concr.: imperia, i. q. imperatores, commanding officers, commanders, generals:

imperia, potestates, legationes, quom senatus creverit populusve jusserit, ex urbe exeunto,

Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 9:

nacti vacuas ab imperiis Sardiniam et Siciliam,

Caes. B. C. 1, 31, 1; Val. Max. 1, 1, 9.—

Erat plena lictorum et imperiorum provincia, differta praefectis atque exactoribus, Caes. B. C. 3, 32, 4.—

(Acc. to imperator, II. B. 3.) The imperial government, the government:

tandem quasi coactus recepit imperium,

Suet. Tib. 24; 55; 67; id. Calig. 12; 16; 24; id. Claud. 11; 35; 36 et saep.

impĕrĭum ( inp-), ĭi, n. [impero], a command, order, direction.

Lit. (mostly ante-class. and post-Aug.): si quid opus est, impera: imperium exsequar. Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 1; cf.:

nunc pergam eri imperium exsequi,

id. ib. 1, 1, 106:

eri imperia persequi,

id. ib. 2, 1, 75:

imperium exsequi,

id. Men. 5, 6, 16; Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 22:

obsequens obediensque est mori atque imperiis patris,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 55; cf. id. Trin. 2, 2, 21; id. Men. 5, 7, 1:

tuo facit jussu, tuo imperio paret,

id. As. 1, 2, 21:

malus et nequam est homo, qui nihili imperium eri Sui servus facit,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 1; cf. id. As. 2, 4, 10:

quod hi neque ad concilia veniebant neque imperio parebant,

Caes. B. G. 5, 2 fin.:

imperium neglegere,

id. ib. 5, 7, 7:

neque ab uno omnia imperia administrari poterant,

id. ib. 2, 22 fin.:

imperio Jovis huc venio,

Verg. A. 5, 726; cf.:

et Jovis imperium et cari praecepta parentis Edocet,

id. ib. 5, 747:

imperiis deūm propalam expositis,

Liv. 8, 6, 12:

quidam (pueri) imperia indignantur,

Quint. 1, 3, 6:

aegri quoquo neglecto medentium imperio, etc.,

Plin. Pan. 22, 3:

elephanti inest imperiorum obedientia,

Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 1:

naturae imperio gemimus, cum, etc.,

Juv. 15, 138:

cujus paruit imperiis,

id. 14, 331.

Transf., the right or power of commanding, authority, command, control (freq. and class.).

In gen.: Mes. Nempe jubes? Me. Jubeo hercle, si quid imperii est in te mihi, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 41; cf. id. Pers. 3, 1, 15:

Appius et caecus et senex tenebat non modo auctoritatem sed etiam imperium in suos,

Cic. de Sen. 11, 37:

reges in ipsos imperium est Jovis,

Hor. C. 3, 1, 6:

eone es ferox, quia habes imperium in beluas?

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 25:

mater, cujus sub imperio'st, mala,

id. Heaut. 2, 2, 4: An. Sta ilico. Ge. Hem, sates pro imperio! quisquis es, i. e. authorilatively, imperiously, id. Phorm. 1, 4, 19:

domesticum,

Cic. Caecin. 18, 52; id. Inv. 2, 47, 140:

(Juppiter) Divosque mortalesque turbas Imperio regit unus aequo,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 48; cf.:

sed me jussa deūm... Imperiis egere suis,

Verg. A. 6, 463:

Phyllius illic Imperio pueri volucresque ferumque leonem Tradiderat domitos,

Ov. M. 7, 373:

agricolae habent rationem cum terra, quae numquam recusat imperium,

Cic. de Sen. 15, 51.—

In partic.

In publicists' lang., supreme power, sovereignty, sway, dominion, empire (cf.: principatus, dominatus, regnum; potestas, potentia).

Sing.: Tarquinio dedit imperium simul et sola regni, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 298 Müll. (Ann. v. 151 Vahl.); cf.:

navorum imperium servare est induperantum,

id. ib. 169 Müll. (Ann. v. 413 Vahl.); and:

ipse (Numa rex) de suo imperio curiatam legem tulit,

Cic. Rep. 2, 13; 2, 17; 18; [p. 901] 20;

21: homo dominandi cupidus aut imperii singularis,

sole dominion, id. ib. 1, 33:

singulare et potestas regia,

id. ib. 2, 9:

esse consul cum summo imperio et potestate,

id. Verr. 1, 13, 37; id. Fl. 8, 18; cf.:

cum summo imperio et potestate versari,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 10, 31:

qui (App. Claudius) tum erat summo imperio,

id. Fin. 2, 20, 66:

omne imperium nostri penes singulos esse voluerunt,

id. Rep. 1, 40; 2, 32:

de imperio Caesaris... gravissime decernitur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 4:

imperium extra ordinem dare,

Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 25:

quod imperium potest esse praestantius quam, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 17:

eos qui antea commodis fuerint moribus, imperio, potestate, prosperis rebus immutari,

id. Lael. 15, 54:

ad deponendum imperium tardior esse,

id. Rep. 2, 12:

expertes imperii,

id. ib. 1, 31:

deponentium imperium tyrannorum,

Quint. 9, 2, 67 et saep.:

sub populi Romani imperium dicionemque cadere,

Cic. Font. 1, 2; so,

with dicio,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 7; cf.:

Gallia sub populi Romani imperium redacta,

id. ib. 5, 29, 4:

totam ad imperium populi Romani Ciliciam adjunxit,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 35:

majestas est in imperio atque in omni populi Romani dignitate,

Quint. 7, 3, 35:

cum duobus ducibus de imperio in Italia decertatum est, Pyrrho et Hannibale,

Cic. Lael. 8, 28; cf.:

de imperio dimicare,

id. Off. 1, 12, 38:

spes diuturnitatis atque imperii,

id. Rep. 2, 3; cf.:

sedem et domum summo imperio praebere,

id. ib. 2, 5 fin.:

quod ipse suae civitatis imperium obtenturus esset,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3, 6:

civitati imperium totius provinciae pollicetur,

id. ib. 7, 64 fin.:

cum abunde expertus esset quam bene umeris tuis sederet imperium,

Plin. Pan. 10 fin.:

auctoritate magis quam imperio regere,

Liv. 1, 7, 8; cf.:

nec illum pro imperio submovere posse... quia ita dicatur: si vobis videtur, discedite, Quirites,

id. 2, 56, 12.—

Plur.:

nec vero imperia expetenda ac potius aut non accipienda interdum aut deponenda nonnumquam,

i. e. public offices, Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68:

(cives) mandant imperia,

id. Rep. 1, 31; cf.:

honores, magistratus, imperia, potestates, opes amicitiae anteponere,

id. Lael. 17, 63:

cui (duci) dantur imperia et ea continuantur, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 44:

ita cepi et gessi maxima imperia, ut, etc.,

id. Fam. 3, 7, 5:

vides tyranni satellites in imperiis,

id. Att. 14, 5, 2:

quod praestare dicant Gallorum quam Romanorum imperia perferre,

dominion, government, Caes. B. G. 1, 17, 3:

qui mobilitate ac levitate animi novis imperiis studebant,

id. ib. 2, 1, 3:

imperia legum potentiora quam hominum,

Liv. 2, 1, 1. —

Hence, transf., concr.

Dominion, realm, empire (esp. freq. since the Aug. per.):

duae urbes inimicissimae huic imperio,

Cic. Lael. 3, 11:

jam ipsa terra ita mihi parva visa est, ut me imperii nostri pæniteret,

id. Rep. 6, 16 fin.:

nostrum,

id. ib. 3, 29; cf.:

finium imperii nostri propagatio,

id. Prov. Cons. 12, 29:

fines imperii propagavit,

id. Rep. 3, 12:

imperium Oceano, famam qui terminet astris,

Verg. A. 1, 287:

per quas (artes) imperi Porrecta majestas ad ortus Solis ab Hesperio cubili,

Hor. C. 4, 15, 14:

adjectis Britannis Imperio,

id. ib. 3, 5, 4:

quem vocet divum populus ruentis Imperi rebus?

id. ib. 1, 2, 26;

1, 37, 8: immensum imperii corpus stare ac librari sine rectore non potest,

Tac. H. 1, 16:

reges socii, membra partesque imperii,

Suet. Aug. 48:

breviarium totius imperii,

id. ib. 101:

rationarium imperii,

id. ib. 28:

imperii fines Tiberinum natare,

Juv. 8, 265:

noverat luxuriam imperii veterem,

i. e. of the Roman court, id. 4, 137.—

Trop., rule, control (very rare but class.):

illud vide, si in animis hominum regale imperium sit, unius fore dominatum, consilii scilicet,

Cic. Rep. 1, 38.—Iron.:

imperium judiciorum tenere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 31, § 77:

coactae imperio sexus,

i. e. the ambition, Juv. 6, 135.—

Law t. t., the jurisdiction or discretion of a magistrate:

omnia autem judicia aut legitimo jure consistunt aut imperio continentur,

Gai. Inst. 4, 103:

ideo autem imperio contineri judicia dicuntur, quia tamdiu valent, quamdiu is qui ea praecepit imperium habet,

id. ib. 4, 105; cf. 3, 181 al.—

Milit., the chief command, command.

Sing.:

victum atque expugnatum oppidum est Imperio atque auspicio Amphitruonis maxime,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 37; 1, 1, 41: re impetrata contendunt, ut ipsis summa imperii transdatur, Caes. B. G. 7, 63, 5:

delatam sibi summam imperii,

Suet. Ner. 3:

censet enim etiam ex iis, qui cum imperio sint,

Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 3:

nostri imperii dignitas,

id. ib. 1, 7, 4:

novem annis, quibus in imperio fuit,

Suet. Caes. 25:

legionum curam et imperium alicui demandare,

id. ib. 76:

alicui imperium prorogare,

id. Tib. 30:

imperii tempus explere,

id. Caes. 26: cum imperio aut magistratu, i. e. a military or civil command, Suet. Tib. 12:

qui dabat olim imperium, fasces, etc.,

Juv. 10, 79; cf. in the foll.—

Plur.:

mandant (cives) imperia, magistratus,

i. e. military and civil commands, Cic. Rep. 1, 31; cf.:

magistratus, imperia, amicitiae anteponere,

id. Lael. 17, 63;

so opp. magistratus,

Suet. Caes. 54; 75; id. Aug. 61.—

Transf.

Concr.: imperia, i. q. imperatores, commanding officers, commanders, generals:

imperia, potestates, legationes, quom senatus creverit populusve jusserit, ex urbe exeunto,

Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 9:

nacti vacuas ab imperiis Sardiniam et Siciliam,

Caes. B. C. 1, 31, 1; Val. Max. 1, 1, 9.—

Erat plena lictorum et imperiorum provincia, differta praefectis atque exactoribus, Caes. B. C. 3, 32, 4.—

(Acc. to imperator, II. B. 3.) The imperial government, the government:

tandem quasi coactus recepit imperium,

Suet. Tib. 24; 55; 67; id. Calig. 12; 16; 24; id. Claud. 11; 35; 36 et saep.

rĕ-fĕro, rettŭli (also written retuli), rĕlātum (rēlātum or rellatum, Lucr. 2, 1001), rĕferre, v. a. irr., to bear, carry, bring, draw, or give back (very freq. and class.; cf.: reduco, reporto, retraho).

Lit.

Ingen.: zonas, quas plenas argenti extuli, eas ex provinciā inanes rettuli, C. Gracchus ap. Gell. 15, 12 fin.:

arma,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 25:

vasa domum,

id. Poen. 4, 2, 25; cf.:

pallam domum,

id. Men. 5, 7, 59; 4, 2, 97; 98; cf.:

anulum ad me,

id. Cas. 2, 1, 1;

and simply pallam, spinther,

id. Men. 3, 3, 16; 5, 1, 5; 5, 2, 56:

secum aurum,

id. Aul. 4, 5, 4:

exta,

id. Poen. 2, 44:

uvidum rete sine squamoso pecu,

id. Rud. 4, 3, 5:

aestus aliquem in portum refert,

id. As. 1, 3, 6:

Auster me ad tribulos tuos Rhegium rettulit,

Cic. Fam. 12, 25, 3: ut naves eodem, unde erant profectae, reterrentur, Caes. B. G. 4, 28:

me referunt pedes in Tusculanum,

Cic. Att. 15, 16, B; cf.:

aliquem lecticae impositum domum,

Suet. Caes. 82; and:

in Palatium,

id. Vit. 16: intro referre pedem, to turn one ' s feet back, to return, Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 50; cf.:

incertus tuum cave ad me rettuleris pedem,

id. Ep. 3, 4, 3:

caelo rettulit illa pedem,

Ov. H. 16, 88; 15, 186:

fertque refertque pedes,

id. F. 6, 334 (for a different use of the phrase, v. infra B. 2.):

in decimum vestigia rettulit annum (victoria),

Verg. A. 11, 290:

in convivia gressum,

Sil. 11, 355:

in thalamos cursum,

id. 8, 89:

ad nomen caput ille refert,

turns his head, looks back, Ov. M. 3, 245:

suumque Rettulit os in se,

drew back, concealed, id. ib. 2, 303:

ad Tuneta rursum castra refert,

Liv. 30, 16:

corpus in monumentum,

Petr. 113:

relatis Lacedaemona (ossibus),

Just. 3, 3, 12:

gemmam non ad os, sed ad genas,

Ov. Tr. 5, 4, 5: digitos ad os referre, to draw back (v. digitus), Quint. 11, 3, 103:

digitos ad frontem saepe,

Ov. M. 15, 567:

manum ad capulum,

Tac. A. 15, 58 fin.:

rursus enses vaginae,

Sil. 7, 508:

pecunias monumentaque, in templum,

Caes. B. C. 2, 21:

caput ejus in castra,

id. B. G. 5, 58:

vulneratos in locum tutum,

id. B. C. 2, 41:

cornua (urorum) in publicum,

id. B. G. 6, 28:

frumentum omne ad se referri jubet,

id. ib. 7, 71:

signa militaria, scutum, litteras ad Caesarem,

id. ib. 7, 88; id. B. C. 3, 53; 3, 99; id. B. G. 1, 29; 5, 49:

Caesaris capite relato,

id. B. C. 3, 19 fin. —

Esp.: referre se, to go back, return:

Romam se rettulit,

Cic. Fl. 21, 50:

sese in castra,

Caes. B. C. 1, 72 fin.:

se huc,

id. ib. 2, 8, 2:

domum me Ad porri catinum,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 115:

sese ab Argis (Juno),

Verg. A. 7, 286:

se ab aestu,

Ov. M. 14, 52; cf.:

se de Britannis ovans,

Tac. A. 13, 32:

causam Cleanthes offert, cur se sol referat,

Cic. N. D. 3, 14, 37.—

Pass. in mid. sense, to return, arrive:

sin reiciemur, tamen eodem paulo tardius referamur necesse est,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 49, 119:

classem relatam,

Verg. A. 1, 390:

nunc Itali in tergum versis referuntur habenis,

Sil. 4, 317; 7, 623.—

To withdraw, remove:

fines benignitatis introrsus referre,

to narrow, Sen. Ben. 1, 14, 5:

Seleucia ab mari relata,

remote, Plin. 5, 27, 22, § 93. —

In partic.

To give back something due; to give up, return, restore, pay back, repay (= reddere):

scyphos, quos utendos dedi Philodamo, rettuleritne?

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 34; cf. id. Aul. 4, 10, 29; 37; 38;

and, pateram (surreptam),

Cic. Div. 1, 25, 54:

argentum,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 29; so (with reddere) id. Curc. 5, 3, 45:

mercedem (with reddere),

id. As. 2, 4, 35; cf.:

octonis idibus aera,

to pay the money for tuition. Hor. S. 1, 6, 75 (v. idus):

si non Rettuleris pannum,

id. Ep. 1, 17, 32; 1, 6, 60:

verum, si plus dederis, referam,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 112.—

Referre pedem or gradum, as a milit. t. t., to draw back, retire, withdraw, retreat (different from the gen. signif., to return, and the above passages):

vulneribus defessi pedem referre coeperunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25; cf.:

ut paulatim cedant ac pedem referant,

id. B. C. 2, 40; Liv. 7, 33; so,

referre pedem,

Caes. B. C. 1, 44 (with loco excedere); Cic. Phil. 12, 3 (opp. insistere); Liv. 3, 60 (opp. restituitur pugna);

21, 8 al.— For the sake of euphony: referre gradum: cum pedes referret gradum,

Liv. 1, 14. —

And, in a like sense, once mid.: a primā acie ad triarios sensim referebatur,

Liv. 8, 8, 11.—

Transf., out of the milit. sphere:

feroque viso retulit retro pedem (viator),

Phaedr. 2, 1, 8; cf.:

viso rettulit angue pedem,

Ov. F. 2, 342; 6, 334:

rettulit ille gradus horrueruntque comae,

id. ib. 2, 502:

(in judiciis) instare proficientibus et ab iis, quae non adjuvant, quam mollissime pedem oportet referre,

Quint. 6, 4, 19.

Trop., to bear or carry back, to bring, draw, or give back.

In gen.: (Saxum) ejulatu... Resonando mutum flebiles voces refert, Att. ap. Cic. Fin. 2, 29, 94 (Trag. Rel. p. 176 Rib.); cf. Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 14, § 42:

sonum,

id. N. D. 2, 57, 144; id. Or. 12, 38; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 201 al.:

voces,

Ov. M. 12, 47; cf.:

Coëamus rettulit Echo,

id. ib. 3, 387: cum ex CXXV. judicibus reus L. referret, restored to the list, i. e. retained, accepted (opp. quinque et LXX. reiceret), Cic. Planc. 17:

o mihi praeteritos referat si Juppiter annos!

Verg. A. 8, 560; cf.: tibi tempora, Hor. C. 4, 13, 13:

festas luces (sae culum),

id. ib. 4, 6, 42:

dies siccos (sol),

id. ib. 3, 29, 20 et saep.:

hoc quidem jam periit: Ni quid tibi hinc in spem referas,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 2, 3:

ad amicam meras querimonias referre,

id. Truc. 1, 2, 65:

hic in suam domum ignominiam et calamitatem rettulit,

Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138; cf.:

pro re certā spem falsam domum rettulerunt,

id. Rosc. Am. 38, 110:

rem publicam sistere negat posse, nisi ad equestrem ordinem judicia referantur,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 96, § 223:

servati civis decus referre,

Tac. A. 3, 21:

e cursu populari referre aspectum in curiam,

to turn back, turn towards, Cic. Prov. Cons. 16, 38; cf.:

oculos animumque ad aliquem,

id. Quint. 14, 47:

animum ad studia,

id. de Or. 1, 1, 1:

animum ad veritatem,

id. Rosc. Am. 16, 48:

animum ad firmitudinem,

Tac. A. 3, 6 et saep.:

multa dies variique labor mutabilis aevi Rettulit in melius,

brought to a better state, Verg. A. 11, 426:

uterque se a scientiae delectatione ad efficiendi utilitatem refert,

Cic. Rep. 5, 3, 5; so,

se ad philosophiam referre,

to go back, return, id. Off. 2, 1, 4:

ut eo, unde digressa est, referat se oratio,

id. ib. 2, 22, 77.—

In partic.

(Acc. to I. B. 1.) To pay back, give back, repay (syn. reddo):

denique Par pari referto,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 55; cf.:

quod ab ipso adlatum est, id sibi esse relatum putet,

id. Phorm. prol. 21:

ut puto, non poteris ipsa referre vicem,

pay him back in his own coin, Ov. A. A. 1, 370; Sen. Herc. Fur. 1337. — Esp. in the phrase referre gratiam (rarely gratias), to return thanks, show one ' s gratitude (by deeds), to recompense, requite (cf.:

gratiam habeo): spero ego mihi quoque Tempus tale eventurum, ut tibi gratium referam parem,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 39:

parem gratiam,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 51:

et habetur et refertur, Thais, a me ita, uti merita es, gratia,

id. ib. 4, 6, 12; cf.:

meritam gratiam debitamque,

Cic. de Or. 3, 4, 14:

justam ac debitam gratiam,

id. Balb. 26, 59:

pro eo mihi ac mereor relaturos esse gratiam,

id. Cat. 4, 2, 3; 1, 11, 28; id. Off. 2, 20, 69:

fecisti ut tibi numquam referre gratiam possim,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 12; id. Most. 1, 3, 57; id. Pers. 5, 2, 71; id. Ps. 1, 3, 86; id. Rud. 5, 3, 36 al.; Cic. Lael. 15, 53; Caes. B. G. 1, 35:

alicui pro ejus meritis gratiam referre,

id. ib. 5, 27 fin.; id. B. C. 2, 39; 3, 1, fin.:

gratiam emeritis,

Ov. P. 1, 7, 61:

gratiam factis,

id. Tr. 5, 4, 47.— Plur.:

pro tantis eorum in rem publicam meritis honores ei habeantur gratiaeque referantur,

Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 39; 10, 11, 1:

dis advenientem gratias pro meritis agere,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 27; v. gratia.—

To bring back any thing; to repeat, renew, restore, = repetere, retractare, renovare, etc.:

(Hecyram) Iterum referre,

to produce it again, Ter. Hec. prol. 7; id. ib. prol. alt. 21 and 30; cf. Hor. A. P. 179.— So, to bring up for reconsideration:

rem judicatam,

Cic. Dom. 29, 78:

ludunt... Dictaeos referunt Curetas,

Lucr. 2, 633:

Actia pugna per pueros refertur,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 62: institutum referri ac renovari, Civ. Div. in Caecil. 21, 68; cf.:

consuetudo longo intervallo repetita ac relata,

id. ib. 21, 67:

te illud idem, quod tum explosum et ejectum est, nunc rettulisse demiror,

Cic. Clu. 31, 86:

cum ad idem, unde semel profecta sunt, cuncta astra redierint eandemque totius caeli descriptionem longis intervallis retulerint,

id. Rep. 6, 22, 24:

mysteria ad quae biduo serius veneram,

id. de Or. 3, 20, 75:

quasdam caerimonias ex magno intervallo,

Liv. 3, 55:

antiquum morem,

Suet. Caes. 20:

consuetudinem antiquam,

id. Tib. 32 et saep.:

cum aditus consul idem illud responsum rettulit,

repeated, Liv. 37, 6 fin.:

veterem Valeriae gentis in liberandā patriā laudem,

to restore, Cic. Fl. 1, 1:

hunc morem, hos casus atque haec certamina primus Ascanius Rettulit,

Verg. A. 5, 598:

O mihi praeteritos referat si Juppiter annos,

id. ib. 8, 560.—

To represent, set forth anew, reproduce, etc.:

referre Naturam, mores, victum motusque parentum,

to reproduce, Lucr. 1, 597:

majorum vultus vocesque comasque,

id. 4, 1221:

mores, os vultusque ejus (sc. patris),

Plin. Ep. 5, 16, 9:

parentis sui speciem,

Liv. 10, 7; cf.:

(Tellus) partim figuras Rettulit antiquas, partim nova monstra creavit,

Ov. M. 1, 437:

faciem demptā pelle novam,

Tib. 1, 8, 46:

temporis illius vultum,

Ov. M. 13, 443: si quis mihi parvulus aulā Luderet Aeneas, qui te tamen ore [p. 1545] referret, might represent, resemble thee, Verg. A. 4, 329; cf.:

nomine avum referens, animo manibusque parentem,

id. ib. 12, 348:

Marsigni sermone vultuque Suevos referunt,

Tac. G. 43:

neque amissos colores lana refert,

Hor. C. 3, 5, 28.—

To convey a report, account, intelligence, by speech or by writing; to report, announce, relate, recite, repeat, recount; to mention, allege (class.;

in late Lat. saepissime): certorum hominum sermones referebantur ad me,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10 Orell. N. cr.:

tales miserrima fletus Fertque refertque soror (sc. ad Aeneam),

Verg. A. 4, 438:

pugnam referunt,

Ov. M. 12, 160:

factum dictumve,

Liv. 6, 40:

si quis hoc referat exemplum,

Quint. 5, 11, 8:

in epistulis Cicero haec Bruti refert verba,

id. 6, 3, 20:

quale refert Cicero de homine praelongo, caput eum, etc.,

id. 6, 3, 67 et saep.:

quaecunque refers,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 60; 2, 1, 130:

sermones deorum,

id. C. 3, 3, 71:

multum referens de Maecenate,

Juv. 1, 66. —With obj.-clause, Suet. Caes. 30; Ov. M. 1, 700; 4, 796:

Celso gaudere et bene rem gerere refer,

Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 2 al.; cf. poet. by Greek attraction:

quia rettulit Ajax Esse Jovis pronepos,

Ov. M. 13, 141; and:

referre aliquid in annales,

Liv. 4, 34 fin., and 43, 13, 2:

ut Proetum mulier perfida credulum Falsis impulerit criminibus, refert,

Hor. C. 3, 7, 16.— Absol.:

quantum, inquam, debetis? Respondent CVI. Refero ad Scaptium,

I report, announce it to Scaptius, Cic. Att. 5, 21, 12:

in quo primum saepe aliter est dictum, aliter ad nos relatum,

reported, stated, id. Brut. 57, 288:

(Hortensius) nullo referente, omnia adversariorum dicta meminisset,

id. ib. 88, 301:

abi, quaere, et refer,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 53. —

Poet. (mostly in Ovid), to repeat to one ' s self, call to mind:

tacitāque recentia mente Visa refert,

Ov. M. 15, 27:

si forte refers,

id. Am. 2, 8, 17:

haec refer,

id. R. Am. 308:

saepe refer tecum sceleratae facta puellae,

id. ib. 299:

mente memor refero,

id. M. 15, 451:

foeda Lycaoniae referens convivia mensae,

id. ib. 1, 165; cf.:

illam meminitque refertque,

id. ib. 11, 563.—

Pregn., to say in return, to rejoin, answer, reply (syn. respondeo):

id me non ad meam defensionem attulisse, sed illorum defensioni rettulisse,

Cic. Caecin. 29, 85:

ego tibi refero,

I reply to you, id. ib. 29, 85, §

84: ut si esset dictum, etc., et referret aliquis Ergo, etc.,

id. Fat. 13, 30:

quid a nobis autem refertur,

id. Quint. 13, 44: retices;

nec mutua nostris Dicta refers,

Ov. M. 1, 656; 14, 696:

Musa refert,

id. ib. 5, 337; id. F. 5, 278:

Anna refert,

Verg. A. 4, 31:

talia voce,

id. ib. 1, 94:

pectore voces,

id. ib. 5, 409:

tandem pauca refert,

id. ib. 4, 333 et saep. —

Publicists' t. t.

To bring, convey, deliver any thing as an official report, to report, announce, notify, = renuntiare:

legati haec se ad suos relaturos dixerunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 9; cf.:

cujus orationem legati domum referunt,

id. B. C. 1, 35: responsa (legati), Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 380, 31:

legationem Romam,

Liv. 7, 32:

mandata ad aliquem,

Caes. B. C. 3, 57:

responsa,

id. B. G. 1, 35; cf.:

mandata alicui,

id. ib. 1, 37:

numerum capitum ad aliquem,

id. ib. 2, 33 fin.:

rumores excipere et ad aliquem referre,

Cic. Deiot. 9, 25; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 47:

Ubii paucis diebus intermissis referunt, Suevos omnes, etc.,

id. ib. 6, 10; Liv. 3, 38, 12.—

Ad senatum de aliquā re referre (less freq with acc., a rel.-clause, or absol.), to make a motion or proposition in the Senate; to consult, refer to, or lay before the Senate; to move, bring forward, propose: VTI L. PAVLVS C. MARCELLVS COSS... DE CONSVLARIBVS PROVINCIIS AD SENATVM REFERRENT, NEVE QVID PRIVS... AD SENATVM REFERRENT, NEVE QVID CONIVNCTVM DE EA RE REFERRETVR A CONSVLIBVS, S. C. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 5 sq.: de legibus abrogandis ad senatum referre. Cic. Cornel. 1, Fragm. 8 (p. 448 Orell.); cf.:

de quo legando consules spero ad senatum relaturos,

id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 58:

de ejus honore ad senatum referre,

id. Phil. 8, 11, 33:

de eā re postulant uti referatur. Itaque consulente Cicerone frequens senatus decernit, etc.,

Sall. C. 48, 5, 6:

rem ad senatum refert,

id. ib. 29, 1; cf.:

tunc relata ex integro res ad senatum,

Liv. 21, 5:

rem ad senatum,

id. 2, 22:

consul convocato senatu refert, quid de his fieri placeat, qui, etc.,

Sall. C. 50, 3: ut ex litteris ad senatum referretur, impetrari (a consulibus) non potuit. Referunt consules de re publicā, Caes. B. C. 1, 1; cf.:

refer, inquis, ad senatum. Non referam,

Cic. Cat. 1, 8, 20.—

Of other bodies than the Senate (cf.: defero, fero): C. Cassium censorem de signo Concordiae dedicando ad pontificum collegium rettulisse,

Cic. Dom. 53, 136: eam rem ad consilium cum rettulisset Fabius. Liv. 24, 45, 2; 30, 4, 9:

est quod referam ad consilium,

id. 30, 31, 9; 44, 2, 5; Curt. 4, 11, 10.— Per syllepsin: DE EA RE AD SENATVM POPVLVMQVE REFERRI, since referre ad populum was not used in this sense (for ferre ad populum); v. fero, and the foll. g:

de hoc (sc. Eumene) Antigonus ad consilium rettulit,

Nep. Eum. 12, 1.— Transf., to make a reference, to refer (class.): de rebus et obscuris et incertis ad Apollinem censeo referendum;

ad quem etiam Athenienses publice de majoribus rebus semper rettulerunt,

Cic. Div. 1, 54, 122; cf. Nep. Lys. 3; Cic. Quint. 16, 53.— Different from this is, *

Referre ad populum (for denuo ferre), to propose or refer any thing anew to the people (cf. supra, II. B. 2.;

v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 1006): factum est illorum aequitate et sapientiā consulum, ut id, quod senatus decreverat, id postea referendum ad populum non arbitrarentur,

Cic. Clu. 49, 137; cf. Att. ap. Non. p. 512, 29; Liv. 22, 20; Val. Max. 8, 10, 1.—

A mercantile and publicists' t. t., to note down, enter any thing in writing; to inscribe, register, record, etc.:

cum scirem, ita indicium in tabulas publicas relatum,

Cic. Sull. 15, 42:

in tabulas quodcumque commodum est,

id. Fl. 9, 20:

nomen in tabulas, in codicem,

id. Rosc. Com. 1, 4:

quod reliquum in commentarium,

id. Att. 7, 3, 7:

quid in libellum,

id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:

tuas epistulas in volumina,

i. e. to admit, id. Fam. 16, 17 init.; cf.:

orationem in Origines,

id. Brut. 23, 89 al.:

in reos, in proscriptos referri,

to be set down among, id. Rosc. Am. 10, 27:

absentem in reos,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 42, § 109; cf.:

aliquem inter proscriptos,

Suet. Aug. 70:

anulos quoque depositos a nobilitate, in annales relatum est,

Plin. 33, 1, 6, § 18:

senatūs consulta falsa (sc. in aerarium),

enter, register, Cic. Fam. 12, 1, 1; id. Phil. 5, 4, 12. —Entirely absol.:

ut nec triumviri accipiundo nec scribae referundo sufficerent,

Liv. 26, 36 fin. —Here, too, belongs referre rationes or aliquid (in rationibus, ad aerarium, ad aliquem, alicui), to give, present, or render an account:

rationes totidem verbis referre ad aerarium,

Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 2;

and rationes referre alone: in rationibus referendis... rationum referendarum jus, etc.,

id. ib. 5, 20, 1; id. Pis. 25, 61; id. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 77; 2, 3, 71, § 167:

referre rationes publicas ad Caesarem cum fide,

Caes. B. C. 2, 20 fin.:

si hanc ex fenore pecuniam populo non rettuleris, reddas societati,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167:

(pecuniam) in aerarium,

Liv. 37, 57, 12; cf.: pecuniam operi publico, to charge to, i. e. to set down as applied to, Cic. Fl. 19, 44.— So, too, acceptum and in acceptum referre, to place to one ' s credit, in a lit. and trop. sense (v. accipio).— Hence, transf.: aliquem (aliquid) in numero (as above, in rationibus), in numerum, etc., to count or reckon a person or thing among:

Democritus, qui imagines eorumque circuitus in deorum numero refert,

Cic. N. D. 1, 12, 29:

(Caesar, Claudius) in deorum numerum relatus est,

Suet. Caes. 88; id. Claud. 45:

Ponticus Heraclides terram et caelum refert in deos,

Cic. N. D. 1, 13, 34:

nostri oratorii libri in Eundem librorum numerum referendi videntur,

id. Div. 2, 1, 4: hoc nomen in codicem relatum, id. Rosc. Com. B. and K. (al. in codice).—With inter (postAug. and freq.):

ut inter deos referretur (August.),

Suet. Aug. 97:

diem inter festos, nefastos,

Tac. A. 13, 41 fin.:

hi tamen inter Germanos referuntur,

id. G. 46; Suet. Claud. 11; id. Tib. 53:

dumque refert inter meritorum maxima, demptos Aesonis esse situs,

Ov. M. 7, 302:

intellectum est, quod inter divos quoque referretur,

Lampr. Alex. Sev. 14:

inter sidera referre,

Hyg. Fab. 192:

inter praecipua crudelitatis indicia referendus,

Val. Max. 9, 2, ext. 5:

inter insulas,

Plin. 5, 9, 9, § 48:

dicebat quasdam esse quaestiones, quae deberent inter res judicatas referri,

Sen. Contr. 2, 11, 12:

eodem Q. Caepionem referrem,

I should place in the same category, Cic. Brut. 62, 223.—

Referre aliquid ad aliquid, to trace back, ascribe, refer a thing to any thing:

qui pecudum ritu ad voluptatem omnia referunt,

Cic. Lael. 9, 32:

omnia ad igneam vim,

id. N. D. 3, 14, 35:

omnia ad incolumitatem et ad libertatem suam,

id. Rep. 1, 32, 49; 1, 26, 41:

in historiā quaeque ad veritatem, in poëmate pleraque ad delectationem,

id. Leg. 1, 1, 5; id. Off. 1, 16, 52 et saep. al.:

hunc ipsum finem definiebas id esse, quo omnia, quae recte fierent, referrentur, neque id ipsum usquam referretur,

id. Fin. 2, 2, 5; cf.

nusquam,

id. ib. 1, 9, 29:

ad commonendum oratorem, quo quidque referat,

id. de Or. 1, 32, 145:

hinc omne principium, huc refer exitum,

Hor. C. 3, 6, 6.— With dat.:

cujus adversa pravitati ipsius, prospera ad fortunam referebat,

Tac. A. 14, 38 fin. — In Tac. once with in:

quidquid ubique magnificum est, in claritatem ejus (sc. Herculis) referre consensimus,

Tac. G. 34.—Rarely of persons;

as: tuum est Caesar, quid nunc mihi animi sit, ad te ipsum referre,

Cic. Deiot. 2, 7.— Absol.: ita inserere oportet referentem ad fructum, meliore genere ut sit surculus, etc., one who looks to or cares for the fruit, Varr. R. R. 1, 40, 6.—

Culpam in aliquem referre, to throw the blame upon, accuse, hold responsible for, etc. (post-Aug.):

hic, quod in adversis rebis solet fieri, alius in alium culpam referebant,

Curt. 4, 3, 7; Aug. contr. Man. 2, 17, 25 Hier. Epp. 1, 9 fin.: cf.:

augere ejus, in quem referet crimen, culpam,

Cic. Inv. 2, 28, 83:

causa ad matrem referebatur,

Tac. A. 6, 49:

causam abscessus ad Sejani artes,

id. ib. 4, 57.

sĕdeo, sēdi, sessum, 2, v. n. [Sanscr. root sad-; Gr. ἙΔ, to sit; cf. ἕδος, ἕζομαι; Lat. sedes, insidiae, sedare, sella, etc.; Engl. sit, seat], to sit.

Lit. (very freq. in prose and poetry); constr. absol., with in, the simple abl., or with other prepp. and advv. of place.

In gen.

Absol.:

hi stant ambo, non sedent,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 2; cf. id. ib. 12; id. Mil. 2, 1, 4:

quid sit, quod cum tot summi oratores sedeant, ego potissimum surrexerim,

remain sitting, Cic. Rosc. Am. 1, 1:

sedens iis assensi,

id. Fam. 5, 2, 9:

lumbi sedendo dolent,

Plaut. Men. 5, 3, 6:

supplex ille sedet,

Prop. 4 (5), 5, 37.—

With in:

in subselliis,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 5:

sedilibus in primis eques sedet,

Hor. Epod. 4, 16:

in proscaenio,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 18; cf.: aliquem in XIIII. sessum deducere, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 2; Suet. Caes. 39 (v. quattuordecim): malo in illā tuā sedeculā sedere quam in istorum sella curuli, Cic. Att. 4, 10, 1; cf.:

in sellā,

id. Div. 1, 46, 104:

in saxo (ejecti),

Plaut. Rud. prol. 73; Ov. H. 10, 49:

in arā (mulieres supplices),

Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 9:

in solio,

Cic. Fin. 2, 21, 69; Ov. M. 2, 23:

in equo,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 27:

in leone,

Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 109; and with a gen. specification of the place where:

in conclavi,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 35:

in hemicyclio domi,

Cic. Lael. 1, 2:

bubo in culmine,

Ov. M. 6, 432:

cornix in humo,

id. Am. 3, 5, 22:

musca in temone,

Phaedr. 3, 6, 1.—

With simple abl. (not ante-Aug.):

bis sex caelestes, medio Jove, sedibus altis sedent,

Ov. M. 6, 72:

solio,

id. ib. 6, 650;

14, 261: sede regiā,

Liv. 1, 41:

eburneis sellis,

id. 5, 41:

sellā curuli,

id. 30, 19:

carpento,

id. 1, 34:

cymbā,

Ov. M. 1, 293:

puppe,

id. F. 6, 471:

humo,

id. M. 4, 261:

equo,

Mart. 5, 38, 4; 11, 104, 14; cf.:

dorso aselli,

Ov. F. 3, 749:

delphine,

id. M. 11, 237:

columbae viridi solo,

Verg. A. 6, 192:

recessu,

Ov. M. 1, 177; 14, 261:

theatro,

id. A. A. 1, 497.—

With other prepp. and advv. of place:

inter ancillas,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 46:

ante fores,

Ov. M. 4, 452; Tib. 1, 3, 30:

ad tumulum supplex,

id. 2, 6, 33:

sub arbore,

Ov. M. 4, 95:

sub Jove,

id. ib. 4, 261:

ducis sub pede,

id. Tr. 4, 2, 44:

post me gradu uno,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 40:

apud quem,

Cic. Rep. 3, 28, 32 (ap. Non. 522, 30) et saep.:

non sedeo istic, vos sedete,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 36:

illic,

Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 4; id. Phorm. 1, 2, 41.—

Late Lat., pass., of animals, to be ridden (cf. Engl. to sit a horse):

sederi equos in civitatibus non sivit,

Spart. Hadr. 22;

Cod. Th. 9, 30, 3: cum (Bucephalus) ab equario suo mollius sederetur,

Sol. 45:

animalia sedentur,

Veg. 2, 28, 12.—

In partic.

Of magistrates, esp. of judges, to sit in council, in court, or on the bench:

(Scaevolā tribuno) in Rostris sedente suasit Serviliam legem Crassus,

Cic. Brut. 43, 161:

ejus igitur mortis sedetis ultores, etc.,

id. Mil. 29, 79; id. Clu. 37, 103 sq.:

si idcirco sedetis, ut, etc.,

id. Rosc. Am. 53, 153; so,

judex,

Liv. 40, 8:

Appius, ne ejus rei causā sedisse videretur,

id. 3, 46, 9; Phaedr. 1, 10, 6:

sedissem forsitan unus De centum judex in tua verba viris,

Ov. P. 3, 5, 23; Plin. Ep. 6, 33, 3:

Minos arbiter,

Prop. 3, 19 (4, 18), 27; cf.:

sedeo pro tribunali,

id. ib. 1, 10, 9: a quibus si qui quaereret, sedissentne judices in Q. Fabricium, sedisse se dicerent, Cic Clu. 38, 105; cf. id. Rab. Post. 5, 10.—Also of the assistants of the judges:

nobis in tribunali Q. Pompeii praetoris urbani sedentibus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 37, 168; id. Rosc. Com. 4, 12.—In Quint., also of the advocate, Quint. 11, 3, 132.—Of witnesses:

dicendo contra reum, cum quo sederit,

Quint. 5, 7, 32.—Of a presiding officer:

sedente Claudio,

Tac. A. 11, 11.—Of augurs sitting to wait for an augurium:

sed secundum augures sedere est augurium captare,

Serv. ad Verg. A. 9, 4; cf. id. ib. 1, 56; Interp. Mai ad Verg. A. 10, 241; Fest. s. v. silentio, p. 248, a Müll.; cf. Becker, Antiq. 2, 3, p. 76.—

To continue sitting, to sit still; to continue, remain, tarry, wait, abide in a place; and with an implication of inactivity, to sit idly, be inactive; to linger, loiter, etc.:

isdem consulibus sedentibus atque inspectantibus lata lex est, etc.,

Cic. Sest. 15, 33 (cf. id. Pis. 9):

majores nostri, qui in oppido sederent, quam qui rura colerent, desidiosiores putabant,

Varr. R. R. 2, prooem. §

1: quasi claudus sutor domi sedet totos dies,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 34; cf.:

an sedere oportuit Domi,

Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 38:

iis ventis istinc navigatur, qui si essent, nos Corcyrae non sederemus,

Cic. Fam. 16, 7:

quor sedebas in foro, si eras coquos Tu solus?

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 11:

in villā totos dies,

Cic. Att. 12, 44, 2:

circum argentarias cottidie,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 48:

sedemus desides domi,

Liv. 3, 68:

statuit congredi quam cum tantis copiis refugere aut tam diu uno loco sedere,

Nep. Dat. 8, 1:

non cuivis contingit adire Corinthum. Sedit qui timuit, ne non succederet,

sat still, stayed at home, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 37.—Esp. of waiting on an oracle or a god for an answer or for aid (= Gr. ïzein):

ante sacras fores,

Tib. 1, 3, 30:

illius ad tumulum fugiam supplexque sedebo,

id. 2, 6, 33:

custos ad mea busta sedens,

Prop. 3, 16 (4, 15), 24:

meliora deos sedet omina poscens,

Verg. G. 3, 456; so of a lover at the door of his mistress: me retinent victum formosae vincla puellae, Et sedeo janitor, Tib. [p. 1659] 1, 1, 56:

et frustra credula turba sedet,

id. 4, 4, 18.—

Of long, esp. of inactive encamping in war, to sit, i. e. to remain encamped, to keep the field, before an enemy's fortress or army:

hostium copiae magnae contra me sedebant, Cato ap. Charis, p. 197 P.: septimum decimum annum Ilico sedent,

Naev. 6, 2:

dum apud hostes sedimus,

Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 52:

sedendo expugnare urbem,

Liv. 2, 12:

sedendo et cunctando bellum gerere,

id. 22, 24:

quieto sedente rege ad Enipeum,

id. 44, 27:

ad Suessulam,

id. 7, 37; 9, 3; 9, 44; 10, 25; 22, 39; 23, 19; 44, 27; Verg. A. 5, 440:

apud moenia Contrebiae,

Val. Max. 7, 4, 5.—Hence, prov.:

compressis, quod aiunt, manibus sedere,

Liv. 7, 13, 7; and:

vetus proverbium est, Romanus sedendo vincit (prob. originating with Q. Fabius Cunctator),

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 2.—

For desideo (2.), to sit at stool, Marc. Emp. 29; so,

sordido in loco sedere,

Val. Max. 9, 13, 2.—

Trop. (in prose not freq. till after the Aug. per.; not in Cic.).

In gen., to sink or settle down, to subside:

cum pondere libra Prona nec hac plus parte sedet nec surgit ab illā,

Tib. 4, 1, 42:

quod neque tam fuerunt gravia, ut depressa sederent, Nec levia, ut possent per summas labier oras,

Lucr. 5, 474; cf.: flamma petit altum; propior locus aëra cepit;

Sederunt medio terra fretumque solo,

Ov. F. 1,110:

sedet nebula densior campo quam montibus,

Liv. 22, 4:

sedet vox auribus,

sinks into, penetrates, Quint. 11, 3, 40: rupti aliqui montes tumulique sedere, Sall. Fragm. ap. Isid. Orig. 14, 1, 2 (H. 2, 43 Dietsch); cf.:

sedisse immensos montes,

Tac. A. 2, 47: memor illius escae, Quae simplex olim sibi sederit, sat well upon your stomach, i. e. agreed well with you, Hor. S. 2, 2, 73; Quint. 9, 4, 94.—

Of feelings, passions, etc.: his dictis sedere minae, subsided, i. e. were quieted, = sedatae sunt, Sil. 10, 624; cf.:

nusquam irae: sedit rabies feritasque famesque,

Stat. Th. 10, 823. —

Of places, to sink, i. e. to lie low, to be in the valley or plain:

campo Nola sedet,

Sil. 12, 162:

mediisque sedent convallibus arva,

Luc. 3, 380; Stat. Th. 1, 330; cf.:

lactuca sedens,

i. e. lower, Mart. 10, 48, 9 ( = sessilis, id. 3, 47, 8).—

In partic., to sit, sit close or tight, to hold or hang fast, to be fast, firm, fixed, immovable; be settled, established, etc.:

tempus fuit, quo navit in undis, Nunc sedet Ortygie,

Ov. M. 15, 337:

in liquido sederunt ossa cerebro,

stuck fast, id. ib. 12, 289;

so of weapons, etc., that sink deep: clava (Herculis), adversi sedit in ore viri,

id. F. 1, 576:

cujus (Scaevae) in scuto centum atque viginti tela sedere,

Flor. 4, 2, 40:

librata cum sederit (glans),

Liv. 38, 29; hence, poet. also, of deep-seated wounds: plagam sedere Cedendo arcebat, from sinking or penetrating deeply, Ov. M. 3, 88:

alta sedent vulnera,

Luc. 1, 32.—Of clothes, to fit (opp. dissidere, v. Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 96):

ita et sedet melius et continetur (pars togae),

sits better, Quint. 11, 3, 140 sq.; so,

toga umero,

id. 11, 3, 161; cf.:

quam bene umeris tuis sederet imperium,

Plin. Pan. 10, 6.—Of vessels:

sicco jam litore sedit,

Luc. 8, 726:

naves super aggerationem, quae fuerat sub aquā, sederent,

stuck fast, grounded, Vitr. 10, 22 med. et saep.:

cujus laetissima facies et amabilis vultus in omnium civium ore, oculis, animo sedet,

Plin. Pan. 55, 10:

aliquid fideliter in animo,

Sen. Ep. 2, 2:

unum Polynicis amati Nomen in ore sedet,

Stat. Th. 12, 114; so,

Cressa relicta in ingenio tuo,

Ov. H. 2, 76:

sedere coepit sententia haec,

to be established, Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 23; cf.:

nunc parum mihi sedet judicium,

Sen. Ep. 46, 3; Amm. 14, 1, 5; 15, 2, 5. —Hence, also of any thing fixed, resolved, or determined upon:

si mihi non animo fixum immotumque sederet, Ne cui, etc.,

Verg. A. 4, 15; cf.:

idque pio sedet Aeneae,

id. ib. 5, 418:

bellum,

Flor. 2, 15, 4:

consilium fugae,

id. 2, 18, 14:

haec,

Sil. 15, 352. —With a subject-clause:

tunc sedet Ferre iter impavidum,

Stat. Th. 1, 324:

vacuo petere omina caelo,

id. ib. 3, 459:

Aegaei scopulos habitare profundi,

Val. Fl. 2, 383.

vīvo, vixi, victum, 3 ( pluperf. subj. syncop. vixet, Verg. A. 11, 118), v. n. [Sanscr. giv-, givami, live; Gr. bios, life; Goth. quius, living; Germ. quicken; Engl. quick], to live, be alive, have life (syn. spiro).

Lit.

In gen.: Ca. Eho, tua uxor quid agit? Me. Immortalis est. Vivit victuraque est, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 18:

valet atque vivit (gnatus),

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 21:

nemo'st hominum qui vivat minus,

id. Eun. 4, 6, 19; id. Ad. 3, 2, 34:

vivere ac spirare,

Cic. Sest. 50, 108:

is demum mihi vivere atque frui animā videtur, qui, etc.,

Sall. C. 2, 9.—With acc. of time:

et pueri annos octingentos vivont... Quin mille annorum perpetuo vivont ab saeclo ad saeclum,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 85;

4, 2, 87: Nemo est tam senex, qui se annum non putat posse vivere,

Cic. Sen. 7, 24:

vixi Annos bis centum,

Ov. M. 12, 187:

Aufidius vixit ad summam senectutem,

Cic. Brut. 48, 179:

ad centesimum annum,

id. Sen. 6, 19:

ad vesperum,

id. ib. 19, 67:

triginta annis,

id. Off. 3, 2, 8:

negat Epicurus, jucunde posse vivi, nisi cum virtute vivatur,

live pleasantly unless we live virtuously, id. Tusc. 3, 20, 49.— Subst.: vīventes, ium, the living (opp. mortui), Lact. 5, 19, 25; 5, 3, 25.—With a homogeneous object:

modice et modeste melius est vitam vivere,

Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 18; cf. Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 5; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 47, § 118; id. Clu. 61, 170:

tamne tibi diu videor vitam vivere?

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 34:

Bacchanalia vivunt,

Juv. 2, 3.— Pass.:

nunc tertia vivitur aetas,

Ov. M. 12, 187.— Transf., of things:

et vivere vitem et mori dicimus,

Cic. Fin. 5, 14, 39; cf. id. Tusc. 1, 24, 56:

saepes,

Varr. R. R. 1, 14, 2:

oleae,

Plin. 16, 44, 90, § 241:

cinis,

Ov. R. Am. 732:

ignes,

id. F. 3, 427:

picturatum opus,

lives, Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 589.—

In partic.

To survive, be still alive (mostly in secondary tenses):

quas inimicitias si tam cavere potuisset, quam metuere solebat, viveret,

would be still alive, Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 17:

is jam pridem mortuus est: si viveret, verba ejus audiretis,

id. ib. 14, 42:

Mustius dixisset, si viveret,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 53, § 139:

si viveret Hortensius cetera fortasse desideraret,

id. Brut. 2, 6:

si viveret, mihi cum illo nulla contentio jam maneret,

id. Att. 14, 13, B, 4; id. Fam. 12, 1, 1:

dixisti paulum tibi esse etiam nunc morae, quod ego viverem,

id. Cat. 1, 4, 9; cf. id. Red. Quir. 4, 10:

utinam L. Caesar valeret, Serv. Sulpicius viveret,

id. Phil. 8, 7, 22:

constitueram, neminem includere in dialogos eorum, qui viverent,

id. Att. 13, 19, 3:

divinat enim, quae futura fuerint, si Philippus vixisset,

Liv. 41, 24, 4; cf.:

quid Philippus, si vixisset, facturus fuerit,

id. 41, 24, 5:

qui censor fuisset, vetustissimusque ex iis, qui viverent, censoriis esset,

id. 23, 22, 10; cf.:

hic tamen vivit. Vivit? Immo vero etiam in senatum venit,

Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 2: vivis;

et vivis non ad deponendam sed ad confirmandam audaciam,

id. ib. 1, 2, 4.—

Euphemistically, vixit, he is done with life, he is dead:

vixisse nimio satiu'st jam quam vivere,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 43; cf. id. Most. 4, 3, 10.—

Ita vivam, as true as I live, as a formula of asseveration:

nam, ita vivam, putavi,

Cic. Fam. 2, 13, 3; 2, 16, 20; id. Att. 5, 15, 2; Sen. Ep. 82, 11 al.—

Ne vivam si, may I not live if, may I die if; as a form of asseveration:

quid poteris, inquies, pro iis dicere? Ne vivam, si scio,

Cic. Att. 4, 16, 8; id. Fam. 7, 23 fin. —

Si vivo, if I live, a formula of menacing:

erit ubi te ulciscar, si vivo,

Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 26; id. Cas. 1, 1, 27; Ter. And. 5, 2, 25; id. Eun. 5, 5, 20.—

In the phrases,

Alicui vivere, to live for a person:

haec qui misit, non sibi soli postulat Te vivere et suā causā excludi ceteros,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 28; cf.:

si tibi soli viveres,

Cic. Marcell. 8, 25; cf.: secum vivere, II. B. infra.—

In diem vivere, from hand to mouth, for the present hour, Cic. de Or. 2, 40, 169; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 33; id. Phil. 2, 34, 86; cf.:

hi, qui in horam viverent,

id. ib. 5, 9, 25.—

De lucro vivere, a life that is clear gain, i. e. at the mercy of another, Cic. Fam. 9, 17, 1.—

Pregn.

To live well, live at ease, enjoy life:

quod me cohortaris ad ambitionem et ad laborem, faciam quidem: sed quando vivemus?

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 4, § 12: vivite lurcones, comedones, vivite ventres, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 11, 8; Varr. ib. p. 156, 13; Cat. 5, 1; Hor. C. 3, 29, 43; id. Ep. 1, 6, 66.—Hence, in bidding farewell:

vive valeque,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 110; id. Ep. 1, 6, 67 al.; cf.:

vivite, silvae,

fare ye well, Verg. E. 8, 58.—

Like our to live, for to last, endure, remain, be remembered (mostly poet.):

vivet extento Proculeius aevo... Illum aget Fama superstes,

Hor. C. 2, 2, 5:

per omnia saecula famā vivam,

Ov. M. 15, 879: mea semper gloria vivet, Cic. poët. ap. Gell. 15, 6, 3:

tacitum vivit sub pectore vulnus,

Verg. A. 4, 67:

spirat adhuc amor Vivuntque commissi calores Aeoliae fidibus puellae,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 11; cf. id. ib. 1, 32, 3:

carmina,

id. Ep. 1, 19, 2:

scripta,

Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 25:

das nostro nomen victurum amori,

id. Am. 3, 1, 65:

odia,

Stat. Th. 12, 441: mihi quidem Scipio, quamquam est subito ereptus, vivit tamen [p. 2002] semperque vivet, Cic. Lael. 27, 102:

vivit vivetque semper, atque etiam latius in memoriā hominum et sermone versabitur, postquam ab oculis recessit,

Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 11; Sen. Ben. 3, 5, 2.—

Transf.

To live on any thing or in any manner, i. e. to support life; to sustain or maintain one's self:

stirpibus palmarum vivere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 50, § 131:

piscibus atque ovis avium vivere,

Caes. B. G. 4, 10 fin.:

lacte atque pecore,

id. ib. 4, 1;

5, 14: cortice ex arboribus,

id. B. C. 3, 49:

coriis herbisque et radicibus vivere,

Liv. 23, 30, 3:

herbis Vivis et urticā,

Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 8:

siliquis et pane secundo,

id. ib. 2, 1, 123:

parvo,

id. S. 2, 2, 1:

rapto,

Verg. A. 7, 749:

de vestro,

Plaut. Truc. 5, 61:

misere,

id. Aul. 2, 4, 36:

parcius,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 49:

suaviter,

id. Ep. 1, 8, 4:

bene,

id. ib. 1, 6, 56;

1, 11, 29: rapto,

Liv. 7, 25, 13; 27, 12, 5:

verbum vivere quidam putant ad cibum pertinere,

Dig. 50, 16, 234.— Impers. pass.:

vivitur ex rapto,

Ov. M. 1, 144. — Trop.:

(sunt) in eo studia illa nostra, quibus antea delectabamur, nunc etiam vivimus,

Cic. Fam. 13, 28, a, 2.—

To live, i. e. to pass one's life, to reside, dwell, be in any place or manner (cf.:

vitam dego): Rhodi,

Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 4:

extra urbem,

id. Brut. 74, 258:

Cypri,

Nep. Chabr. 3, 4:

in litteris vivere,

Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 1; id. Sen. 11, 38:

in maximā celebritate atque in oculis civium,

id. Off. 3, 1, 3:

in paupertate,

id. Part. Or. 18, 63:

in humilitate,

Lact. 7, 9, 17: cum timore, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 3:

unis moribus et numquam mutatis legibus,

Cic. Fl. 26, 63:

e naturā,

id. Fin. 3, 20, 68:

convenienter naturae,

id. ib. 3, 7, 26; id. Off. 3, 3, 13:

valde familiariter cum aliquo,

id. Att. 6, 6, 2; cf.:

Hirtius vivit habitatque cum Balbo,

id. ib. 14, 20, 4:

cum Pansā vixi in Pompeiano,

id. ib.:

ecquis me vivit hodie fortunatior?

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 1:

ego vivo miserrimus,

Cic. Att. 3, 5:

viveret in terris te si quis avarior uno,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 157:

illā sorte Contentus vivat,

id. S. 1, 1, 3.—Prov.:

secum vivere,

to live for one's self, care only for one's self, Cic. Sen. 14, 49.— Impers. pass.:

quoniam vivitur non cum perfectis hominibus, sed, etc.,

Cic. Off. 1, 15, 46.

vīvo, vixi, victum, 3 ( pluperf. subj. syncop. vixet, Verg. A. 11, 118), v. n. [Sanscr. giv-, givami, live; Gr. bios, life; Goth. quius, living; Germ. quicken; Engl. quick], to live, be alive, have life (syn. spiro).

Lit.

In gen.: Ca. Eho, tua uxor quid agit? Me. Immortalis est. Vivit victuraque est, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 18:

valet atque vivit (gnatus),

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 21:

nemo'st hominum qui vivat minus,

id. Eun. 4, 6, 19; id. Ad. 3, 2, 34:

vivere ac spirare,

Cic. Sest. 50, 108:

is demum mihi vivere atque frui animā videtur, qui, etc.,

Sall. C. 2, 9.—With acc. of time:

et pueri annos octingentos vivont... Quin mille annorum perpetuo vivont ab saeclo ad saeclum,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 85;

4, 2, 87: Nemo est tam senex, qui se annum non putat posse vivere,

Cic. Sen. 7, 24:

vixi Annos bis centum,

Ov. M. 12, 187:

Aufidius vixit ad summam senectutem,

Cic. Brut. 48, 179:

ad centesimum annum,

id. Sen. 6, 19:

ad vesperum,

id. ib. 19, 67:

triginta annis,

id. Off. 3, 2, 8:

negat Epicurus, jucunde posse vivi, nisi cum virtute vivatur,

live pleasantly unless we live virtuously, id. Tusc. 3, 20, 49.— Subst.: vīventes, ium, the living (opp. mortui), Lact. 5, 19, 25; 5, 3, 25.—With a homogeneous object:

modice et modeste melius est vitam vivere,

Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 18; cf. Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 5; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 47, § 118; id. Clu. 61, 170:

tamne tibi diu videor vitam vivere?

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 34:

Bacchanalia vivunt,

Juv. 2, 3.— Pass.:

nunc tertia vivitur aetas,

Ov. M. 12, 187.— Transf., of things:

et vivere vitem et mori dicimus,

Cic. Fin. 5, 14, 39; cf. id. Tusc. 1, 24, 56:

saepes,

Varr. R. R. 1, 14, 2:

oleae,

Plin. 16, 44, 90, § 241:

cinis,

Ov. R. Am. 732:

ignes,

id. F. 3, 427:

picturatum opus,

lives, Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 589.—

In partic.

To survive, be still alive (mostly in secondary tenses):

quas inimicitias si tam cavere potuisset, quam metuere solebat, viveret,

would be still alive, Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 17:

is jam pridem mortuus est: si viveret, verba ejus audiretis,

id. ib. 14, 42:

Mustius dixisset, si viveret,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 53, § 139:

si viveret Hortensius cetera fortasse desideraret,

id. Brut. 2, 6:

si viveret, mihi cum illo nulla contentio jam maneret,

id. Att. 14, 13, B, 4; id. Fam. 12, 1, 1:

dixisti paulum tibi esse etiam nunc morae, quod ego viverem,

id. Cat. 1, 4, 9; cf. id. Red. Quir. 4, 10:

utinam L. Caesar valeret, Serv. Sulpicius viveret,

id. Phil. 8, 7, 22:

constitueram, neminem includere in dialogos eorum, qui viverent,

id. Att. 13, 19, 3:

divinat enim, quae futura fuerint, si Philippus vixisset,

Liv. 41, 24, 4; cf.:

quid Philippus, si vixisset, facturus fuerit,

id. 41, 24, 5:

qui censor fuisset, vetustissimusque ex iis, qui viverent, censoriis esset,

id. 23, 22, 10; cf.:

hic tamen vivit. Vivit? Immo vero etiam in senatum venit,

Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 2: vivis;

et vivis non ad deponendam sed ad confirmandam audaciam,

id. ib. 1, 2, 4.—

Euphemistically, vixit, he is done with life, he is dead:

vixisse nimio satiu'st jam quam vivere,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 43; cf. id. Most. 4, 3, 10.—

Ita vivam, as true as I live, as a formula of asseveration:

nam, ita vivam, putavi,

Cic. Fam. 2, 13, 3; 2, 16, 20; id. Att. 5, 15, 2; Sen. Ep. 82, 11 al.—

Ne vivam si, may I not live if, may I die if; as a form of asseveration:

quid poteris, inquies, pro iis dicere? Ne vivam, si scio,

Cic. Att. 4, 16, 8; id. Fam. 7, 23 fin. —

Si vivo, if I live, a formula of menacing:

erit ubi te ulciscar, si vivo,

Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 26; id. Cas. 1, 1, 27; Ter. And. 5, 2, 25; id. Eun. 5, 5, 20.—

In the phrases,

Alicui vivere, to live for a person:

haec qui misit, non sibi soli postulat Te vivere et suā causā excludi ceteros,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 28; cf.:

si tibi soli viveres,

Cic. Marcell. 8, 25; cf.: secum vivere, II. B. infra.—

In diem vivere, from hand to mouth, for the present hour, Cic. de Or. 2, 40, 169; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 33; id. Phil. 2, 34, 86; cf.:

hi, qui in horam viverent,

id. ib. 5, 9, 25.—

De lucro vivere, a life that is clear gain, i. e. at the mercy of another, Cic. Fam. 9, 17, 1.—

Pregn.

To live well, live at ease, enjoy life:

quod me cohortaris ad ambitionem et ad laborem, faciam quidem: sed quando vivemus?

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 4, § 12: vivite lurcones, comedones, vivite ventres, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 11, 8; Varr. ib. p. 156, 13; Cat. 5, 1; Hor. C. 3, 29, 43; id. Ep. 1, 6, 66.—Hence, in bidding farewell:

vive valeque,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 110; id. Ep. 1, 6, 67 al.; cf.:

vivite, silvae,

fare ye well, Verg. E. 8, 58.—

Like our to live, for to last, endure, remain, be remembered (mostly poet.):

vivet extento Proculeius aevo... Illum aget Fama superstes,

Hor. C. 2, 2, 5:

per omnia saecula famā vivam,

Ov. M. 15, 879: mea semper gloria vivet, Cic. poët. ap. Gell. 15, 6, 3:

tacitum vivit sub pectore vulnus,

Verg. A. 4, 67:

spirat adhuc amor Vivuntque commissi calores Aeoliae fidibus puellae,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 11; cf. id. ib. 1, 32, 3:

carmina,

id. Ep. 1, 19, 2:

scripta,

Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 25:

das nostro nomen victurum amori,

id. Am. 3, 1, 65:

odia,

Stat. Th. 12, 441: mihi quidem Scipio, quamquam est subito ereptus, vivit tamen [p. 2002] semperque vivet, Cic. Lael. 27, 102:

vivit vivetque semper, atque etiam latius in memoriā hominum et sermone versabitur, postquam ab oculis recessit,

Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 11; Sen. Ben. 3, 5, 2.—

Transf.

To live on any thing or in any manner, i. e. to support life; to sustain or maintain one's self:

stirpibus palmarum vivere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 50, § 131:

piscibus atque ovis avium vivere,

Caes. B. G. 4, 10 fin.:

lacte atque pecore,

id. ib. 4, 1;

5, 14: cortice ex arboribus,

id. B. C. 3, 49:

coriis herbisque et radicibus vivere,

Liv. 23, 30, 3:

herbis Vivis et urticā,

Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 8:

siliquis et pane secundo,

id. ib. 2, 1, 123:

parvo,

id. S. 2, 2, 1:

rapto,

Verg. A. 7, 749:

de vestro,

Plaut. Truc. 5, 61:

misere,

id. Aul. 2, 4, 36:

parcius,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 49:

suaviter,

id. Ep. 1, 8, 4:

bene,

id. ib. 1, 6, 56;

1, 11, 29: rapto,

Liv. 7, 25, 13; 27, 12, 5:

verbum vivere quidam putant ad cibum pertinere,

Dig. 50, 16, 234.— Impers. pass.:

vivitur ex rapto,

Ov. M. 1, 144. — Trop.:

(sunt) in eo studia illa nostra, quibus antea delectabamur, nunc etiam vivimus,

Cic. Fam. 13, 28, a, 2.—

To live, i. e. to pass one's life, to reside, dwell, be in any place or manner (cf.:

vitam dego): Rhodi,

Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 4:

extra urbem,

id. Brut. 74, 258:

Cypri,

Nep. Chabr. 3, 4:

in litteris vivere,

Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 1; id. Sen. 11, 38:

in maximā celebritate atque in oculis civium,

id. Off. 3, 1, 3:

in paupertate,

id. Part. Or. 18, 63:

in humilitate,

Lact. 7, 9, 17: cum timore, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 3:

unis moribus et numquam mutatis legibus,

Cic. Fl. 26, 63:

e naturā,

id. Fin. 3, 20, 68:

convenienter naturae,

id. ib. 3, 7, 26; id. Off. 3, 3, 13:

valde familiariter cum aliquo,

id. Att. 6, 6, 2; cf.:

Hirtius vivit habitatque cum Balbo,

id. ib. 14, 20, 4:

cum Pansā vixi in Pompeiano,

id. ib.:

ecquis me vivit hodie fortunatior?

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 1:

ego vivo miserrimus,

Cic. Att. 3, 5:

viveret in terris te si quis avarior uno,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 157:

illā sorte Contentus vivat,

id. S. 1, 1, 3.—Prov.:

secum vivere,

to live for one's self, care only for one's self, Cic. Sen. 14, 49.— Impers. pass.:

quoniam vivitur non cum perfectis hominibus, sed, etc.,

Cic. Off. 1, 15, 46.