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1 flexus
1.flexus, a, um, Part. and P. a., from flecto.2. I.Lit.:II.aures duros et quasi corneolos habent introitus, multisque cum flexibus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 144; cf. Quint. 6, 13, 9:ut qui cursu parum valent, flexu eludunt,
id. 9, 2, 78:cum venissem ad pontem, in quo flexus est ad iter Arpinas,
Cic. Att. 16, 13, a, 1; cf.:in aliquo flexu viae,
Liv. 22, 12, 7:implicatae flexibus vallium viae,
id. 32, 4, 4:Rhenus modico flexu in occidentem versus,
Tac. G. 1:flexu Armeniam petivit,
id. A. 12, 12:alio flexu reduci ad viam,
Quint. 2, 17, 29:(quo pacto sol) Brumales adeat flexus,
Lucr. 5, 616:brumales,
id. 5, 640:metae,
the turn round the goal, Pers. 3, 63:labyrinthei,
the mazes, Cat. 64, 114:capilli dociles et centum flexibus apti,
Ov. Am. 1, 14, 13: in litore flexus Mecybernaeus, the bay or gulf, Mela, 2, 3 init.; cf. id. 3, 1.—Trop.A.In gen., a turning, transition into another state, political change:B.id enim est caput civilis prudentiae, videre itinera flexusque rerum publicarum,
Cic. Rep. 2, 25, 46:in hoc flexu quasi aetatis fama adolescentis paululum haesit ad metas (the figure taken from the turning of the racers on reaching the goal),
id. Cael. 31, 75; cf.:si infinitus forensium rerum labor decursu honorum et jam aetatis flexu constitisset, i. e. senectus,
id. de Or. 1, 1, 1:flexu auctumni (= post medium tempus auctumni, trop. from turning the meta in the Circus),
Tac. H. 5, 23; v. Orell. ad h. 1.—In partic. (post-Aug.).1.An artful turning, winding, shifting:2.inde recta fere est actio, hinc mille flexus et artes desiderantur,
Quint. 5, 13, 2:qui haec recta tantum, et in nullos flexus recedentia tractaverit,
id. 10, 5, 12. —Of the voice, inflection, modulation, variation:3.citharoedi simul et sono vocis et plurimis flexibus serviunt,
Quint. 1, 12, 3:quid quoque flexu dicendum,
id. 1, 8, 1:qui flexus deceat miserationem,
id. 1, 11, 12; 1, 8, 3.—In gram., inflection, variation, derivation (in Varro flexura, v. h. v.): quid vero? quae tota positionis ejusdem in diversos flexus eunt? cum Alba faciat Albanos et Albenses;volo, volui et volavi,
Quint. 1, 6, 15. -
2 dēclīnātiō
dēclīnātiō ōnis, f [declino], a bending aside, turning away, averting: tuas petitiones parvā declinatione effugi: atomi: corporis, Cu.—Fig., a turning away, avoiding, avoidance: a malis naturā declinamus; quae declinatio, etc.: laboris. — In rhet., a slight deviation (from the direct argument): a proposito: ad amplificandum.— A rejection, qualification (of a word or phrase).* * *declination/relative sky angle; latitude; compass point; inclination; bend/slope turning aside, swerve; advoidance; divergence/variation/digression; inflection -
3 disiūnctiō or dīiūnctiō
disiūnctiō or dīiūnctiō ōnis, f [disiungo], a separation: meorum.— A variation, deviation: animorum: sententiae.— A logical opposition.— In rhet., asyndeton, a succession of clauses without connectives. -
4 dīstinctiō
dīstinctiō ōnis, f [STIG-], a distinguishing, discrimination: rerum inter ea: veri a falso: poenarum ex delicto, Ta.— A difference, distinction, variation: in visis: lunae: eiusdem verbi saepius positi, in meaning.—In gram., punctuation.* * *distinction; difference -
5 variātiō
variātiō ōnis, f [vario], a difference, variation: sine variatione ullā, L.* * * -
6 isochronismus
constant variation; isochronism -
7 declinatio
dēclīnātĭo, ōnis, f. [id.], a bending from a thing, a bending aside; an oblique inclination or direction (good prose).I.Lit.:B.lanceam exigua corporis declinatione vitare,
Curt. 9, 7 fin.; cf.:quot ego tuas petitiones parva quadam declinatione effugi,
Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 15:declinare dixit (Epicurus) atomum perpaulum, et ipsa declinatio ad libidinem fingitur, etc.,
id. Fin. 1, 6, 19; so of the oblique motion of atoms, id. Fat. 10, 22; 22, 47.—Like the Gr. klima, the supposed slope of the earth towards the poles, a region of the earth or sky, a climate:II.declinatio mundi,
Col. 1 prooem. § 22; so,mundi,
id. 3, 1, 3; cf.:positio caeli et declinatio,
id. 1, 6, 18;so correspond. with regio caeli,
Col. 4, 24, 2; cf.also caeli,
the altitude of the pole, Vitr. 9, 7, 1.—Trop.A.In gen., a turning away from any thing; an avoiding, avoidance: ut bona natura appetimus, sic a malis natura declinamus;B.quae declinatio, si cum ratione fiet, cautio appelletur,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 13; cf.so opp. appetitio,
id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; and in plur. Gell. 14, 1, 23:laboris, periculi,
Cic. Clu. 53 fin. —t. t.1.Of rhetor. lang., a short digression:2.declinatio brevis a proposito, non ut superior illa digressio,
Cic. de Or. 3, 53 fin.; id. Part. 15; cf. Quint. 9, 1, 32 and 34.—Of gramm. lang.: variation, inflection.(α).In the older grammarians, every change of form which a word undergoes; as declension, strictly so called, conjugation, comparison, derivation, etc., Varr. L. L. 8, § 2 sq.; 10, § 11 sq.; Cic. de Or. 3, 54; cf.(β).also of declension in its stricter sense,
Quint. 1, 4, 29; 1, 5, 63;of conjugation,
id. 1, 4, 13;of derivation,
id. 8, 3, 32; 2, 15, 4.—Among the later grammarians, of declension, properly so called, as distinguished from conjugatio, comparatio, derivatio, etc. So, Donatus: in declinatione compositivorum nominum, p. 174 P. (p. 13 Lind.). -
8 declinatus
dēclīnātus, ūs, m. [id.], variation, inflection of words (cf. the prec. art. II. B. 2), Varr. L. L. 9, § 34; 51; 53. But in Cic. Fin. 5, 7, 17, the best reading is: declinatum dolorem, v. Madvig ad h. l.). -
9 hirsutus
hirsūtus, a, um, adj. [primary form HIRSUS, a variation of hirtus], rough, shaggy, bristly, prickly, hirsute = dasus.I.Lit. (class.;* II.syn. hirtus, pilosus, villosus): quarum (animantium) aliae villis vestitae, aliae spinis hirsutae,
Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 121; Col. 7, 2, 6:pectus Herculis,
Prop. 4 (5), 9, 49:crura genaeque,
Mart. 10, 65, 9:supercilium,
Verg. E. 8, 34:et glacialis Hiems canos hirsuta capillos,
Ov. M. 2, 30:barba,
id. ib. 13, 766:capilli,
id. H. 9, 63:juba (galeae),
Prop. 4 (5), 10, 20:vellera (leonis) setis,
Ov. F. 2, 339:castaneae,
Verg. E. 7, 53; cf.:frondes,
id. G. 3, 231:vepres,
id. ib. 3, 444:rubi,
Prop. 4 (5), 4, 28:folia hirsutiora,
Plin. 22, 22, 33, § 75.— Poet., to designate the people of the olden time (when the hair of the head and beard was left untrimmed), like intonsus and incomptus, Sil. 13, 812; Mart. 9, 48, 2.— -
10 libella
lībella, ae, f. dim. [libra].I.An as, a small silver coin, the tenth part of a denarius:B.nummi denarii decuma libella, quod libram pondo aeris valebat, et erat ex argento parva,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 174 Müll.:librales, unde etiam nunc libella dicitur et dupondius, appendebantur asses,
Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 42; Cato, R. R. 15, 1: sunt enim in sestertio libellae decem, singulae viginti, teruncii quadraginta, Volus. Maec. 66.—In gen.1.Prov. for a very small sum of money, as with us a farthing, groat, cent:2.una libella liber possum fieri,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 8; cf. id. Capt. 5, 1, 27:tibi libellam argenti numquam credam,
id. Ps. 2, 2, 34:quoi neque libellai spes sit usquam gentium,
id. ib. 1, 1, 96:quom libella nusquamst, nisi, etc.,
id. ib. 4, 7, 47:quis Volcatio unam libellam dedisset?
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 26.—Hence, ad libellam, i. q. ad assem, to a farthing, to a cent, exactly, Cic. Rosc. Com. 4, 11.—In inheritances: ex libella, i. q. ex asse, sole heir:II.Curius fecit palam te ex libella, me ex teruncio,
Cic. Att. 7, 2, 3.—An instrument for detecting any variation from a perfectly horizontal surface, a level, water-level, plummetline:libella aliqua si ex parti claudicat hilum,
Lucr. 4, 515:collocare et expolire aliquid ad regulam et libellam,
Vitr. 1, 6, 6; cf. Plin. 36, 25, 63, § 188:structuram (parietis) ad normam et libellam fieri, et ad perpendiculum respondere oportet,
id. 36, 22, 51, § 172:locus qui est ad libellam aequus,
quite, perfectly level, Varr. R. R. 1, 6 fin. -
11 variatio
vărĭātĭo, ōnis, f. [id.], a difference, variation:sine variatione ullà,
Liv. 24, 9, 3. -
12 X
X, x, a character probably derived from the Greek X (this form of that letter being found in some few Greek inscriptions). Though not introduced instead of the characters for the two separate sounds till after the adoption of the alphabet, the letter x is certainly older than the Latin inscriptions known to us; for we find in the Columna rostr., EXEMET MAXIMOS, EXFOCIONT; in the fifth Epitaph of the Scipios, SAXSVM; and in the S. C. de Bacch., EXDEICENDVM, EXDEICATIS. EXTRAD, etc.The sound of X was like that of the Greek x, i. e. ks, although etymologically it represented not only cs (as in lux, from luc-s, and dixi, from dic-si), but also gs (as in lex, from leg-s; rexi, from reg-si); hs (as in traxi, from trah-si; vexi, from vehsi); and chs (as in the word onyx, from onych-s, borrowed from the Greek). The hardening of a softer final ( g, h, ch) before s into the c -sound, which occurs in the last-mentioned cases, is found also in several roots ending in v and u: nix for niv-s, vixi for viv-si, connixi for conniv-si, fluxi for fluv-si, from fluo (root FLUV; cf. fluvius), struxi for stru-si. Less frequently x has arisen from the combinations ps and ts: proximus for prop-simus (from prope), nixus for nit-sus (from nitor), the latter being used along with the collateral form nisus, as also connivi with connixi, and mistus (from misceo) with mixtus. An exchange of the sounds ss, or s and x, took place in axis for assis, laxus for lassus; cf. also Ulixes, from the Sicilian Oulixês, Etruscan Uluxe for Odusseus; so, too. Sextius, Exquiliae = Sestius, Esquiliae; cf. also Ajax = Aias. In the later language of the vulgar, the guttural sound in x disappeared, and s or ss was often written for it; as vis for vix. vixit for visit. unsit for unxit, conflississet for conflixisset, in late Inscrr. (v. Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 297 sq.); hence regularly in Italian, and frequently in the other Romance tongues, the Lat. x is represented by s or ss. Respecting the nature of x in composition, v. ex.By a mere graphic variation, one of the constituent sounds of x is often expressed in inscriptions (but not the earliest, v. Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 296) by an additional c or s; as SACXO or SAXSO for saxo; VCXOR or VXSOR for uxor; CONIVNCX or CONIVNXS for conjux; even both sounds are sometimes thus expressed, VICXSIT for vixit.As an abbreviation X stands for decem, ten; it was stamped upon the silver denarius, so called because it was valued at ten asses. -
13 x
X, x, a character probably derived from the Greek X (this form of that letter being found in some few Greek inscriptions). Though not introduced instead of the characters for the two separate sounds till after the adoption of the alphabet, the letter x is certainly older than the Latin inscriptions known to us; for we find in the Columna rostr., EXEMET MAXIMOS, EXFOCIONT; in the fifth Epitaph of the Scipios, SAXSVM; and in the S. C. de Bacch., EXDEICENDVM, EXDEICATIS. EXTRAD, etc.The sound of X was like that of the Greek x, i. e. ks, although etymologically it represented not only cs (as in lux, from luc-s, and dixi, from dic-si), but also gs (as in lex, from leg-s; rexi, from reg-si); hs (as in traxi, from trah-si; vexi, from vehsi); and chs (as in the word onyx, from onych-s, borrowed from the Greek). The hardening of a softer final ( g, h, ch) before s into the c -sound, which occurs in the last-mentioned cases, is found also in several roots ending in v and u: nix for niv-s, vixi for viv-si, connixi for conniv-si, fluxi for fluv-si, from fluo (root FLUV; cf. fluvius), struxi for stru-si. Less frequently x has arisen from the combinations ps and ts: proximus for prop-simus (from prope), nixus for nit-sus (from nitor), the latter being used along with the collateral form nisus, as also connivi with connixi, and mistus (from misceo) with mixtus. An exchange of the sounds ss, or s and x, took place in axis for assis, laxus for lassus; cf. also Ulixes, from the Sicilian Oulixês, Etruscan Uluxe for Odusseus; so, too. Sextius, Exquiliae = Sestius, Esquiliae; cf. also Ajax = Aias. In the later language of the vulgar, the guttural sound in x disappeared, and s or ss was often written for it; as vis for vix. vixit for visit. unsit for unxit, conflississet for conflixisset, in late Inscrr. (v. Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 297 sq.); hence regularly in Italian, and frequently in the other Romance tongues, the Lat. x is represented by s or ss. Respecting the nature of x in composition, v. ex.By a mere graphic variation, one of the constituent sounds of x is often expressed in inscriptions (but not the earliest, v. Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 296) by an additional c or s; as SACXO or SAXSO for saxo; VCXOR or VXSOR for uxor; CONIVNCX or CONIVNXS for conjux; even both sounds are sometimes thus expressed, VICXSIT for vixit.As an abbreviation X stands for decem, ten; it was stamped upon the silver denarius, so called because it was valued at ten asses.
См. также в других словарях:
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