-
1 who
• joka• ken• ketä• ketkä• kenelle• kuka* * *hu: 1. pronoun((used as the subject of a verb) what person(s)(?): Who is that woman in the green hat?; Who did that?; Who won?; Do you know who all these people are?) kuka2. relative pronoun1) ((used to refer to a person or people mentioned previously to distinguish him or them from others: used as the subject of a verb: usually replaceable by that) (the) one(s) that: The man who/that telephoned was a friend of yours; A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.)2) (used, after a comma, to introduce a further comment on a person or people: His mother, who was so proud, gave him a hug.) joka•- whoever3. pronoun1) (no matter who: Whoever rings, tell him/them I'm out.)2) ((also who ever) used in questions to express surprise etc: Whoever said that?) kuka hyvänsä•- whom4. relative pronoun(used as the object of a verb or preposition but in everyday speech sometimes replaced by who)1) ((used to refer to a person or people mentioned previously, to distinguish him or them from others: able to be omitted or replaced by that except when following a preposition) (the) one(s) that: The man (whom/that) you mentioned is here; Today I met some friends (whom/that) I hadn't seen for ages; This is the man to whom I gave it; This is the man (whom/who/that) I gave it to.)2) (used, after a comma, to introduce a further comment on a person or people: His mother, who was so proud of him, gave him a hug.) jonka, joita• -
2 which
• joka• jota• mikä• minkä• kumpi• kuka* * *wi 1. adjective, pronoun(used in questions etc when asking someone to point out, state etc one or more persons, things etc from a particular known group: Which (colour) do you like best?; Which route will you travel by?; At which station should I change trains?; Which of the two girls do you like better?; Tell me which books you would like; Let me know which train you'll be arriving on; I can't decide which to choose.) mikä, kuka, kumpi2. relative pronoun((used to refer to a thing or things mentioned previously to distinguish it or them from others: able to be replaced by that except after a preposition: able to be omitted except after a preposition or when the subject of a clause) (the) one(s) that: This is the book which/that was on the table; This is the book (which/that) you wanted; A scalpel is a type of knife which/that is used by surgeons; The chair (which/that) you are sitting on is broken; The documents for which they were searching have been recovered.) joka, mikä3. relative adjective, relative pronoun(used, after a comma, to introduce a further comment on something: My new car, which I paid several thousand pounds for, is not running well; He said he could speak Russian, which was untrue; My father may have to go into hospital, in which case he won't be going on holiday.)- which is which? - which is which -
3 the
• sitä• sellainen• se* * *ðə, ði(The form ðə is used before words beginning with a consonant eg the house or consonant sound eg the union ðə'ju:njən; the form ði is used before words beginning with a vowel eg the apple or vowel sound eg the honour ði 'onə)1) (used to refer to a person, thing etc mentioned previously, described in a following phrase, or already known: Where is the book I put on the table?; Who was the man you were talking to?; My mug is the tall blue one; Switch the light off!)2) (used with a singular noun or an adjective to refer to all members of a group etc or to a general type of object, group of objects etc: The horse is running fast.; I spoke to him on the telephone; He plays the piano/violin very well.)3) (used to refer to unique objects etc, especially in titles and names: the Duke of Edinburgh; the Atlantic (Ocean).)4) (used after a preposition with words referring to a unit of quantity, time etc: In this job we are paid by the hour.)5) (used with superlative adjectives and adverbs to denote a person, thing etc which is or shows more of something than any other: He is the kindest man I know; We like him (the) best of all.)6) ((often with all) used with comparative adjectives to show that a person, thing etc is better, worse etc: He has had a week's holiday and looks (all) the better for it.)•- the...- the... -
4 to
• rinnalla• saakka• jotakin kohti• jonnekin• jollekin• jotta• tykö• verrata• asti• siirtyä• vaihtua• vailla• päin• kanssa• kohtaan• kohti• kohden• liki• likelle• myöten• per• marssikäsky• matkalla• taipumus• lähelle• luokse• lähettyville• luo* * *1. tə,tu preposition1) (towards; in the direction of: I cycled to the station; The book fell to the floor; I went to the concert/lecture/play.) johonkin2) (as far as: His story is a lie from beginning to end.) saakka3) (until: Did you stay to the end of the concert?) asti4) (sometimes used to introduce the indirect object of a verb: He sent it to us; You're the only person I can talk to.) jollekin5) (used in expressing various relations: Listen to me!; Did you reply to his letter?; Where's the key to this door?; He sang to (the accompaniment of) his guitar.) johonkin6) (into a particular state or condition: She tore the letter to pieces.) ksi7) (used in expressing comparison or proportion: He's junior to me; Your skill is superior to mine; We won the match by 5 goals to 2.) verrattuna8) (showing the purpose or result of an action etc: He came quickly to my assistance; To my horror, he took a gun out of his pocket.)9) (tə used before an infinitive eg after various verbs and adjectives, or in other constructions: I want to go!; He asked me to come; He worked hard to (= in order to) earn a lot of money; These buildings were designed to (= so as to) resist earthquakes; She opened her eyes to find him standing beside her; I arrived too late to see him.)10) (used instead of a complete infinitive: He asked her to stay but she didn't want to.)2. tu: adverb1) (into a closed or almost closed position: He pulled/pushed the door to.) kiinni2) (used in phrasal verbs and compounds: He came to (= regained consciousness).)• -
5 it
• sitä• se* * *it1) ((used as the subject of a verb or object of a verb or preposition) the thing spoken of, used especially of lifeless things and of situations, but also of animals and babies: If you find my pencil, please give it to me; The dog is in the garden, isn't it?; I picked up the baby because it was crying; He decided to run a mile every morning but he couldn't keep it up.) se2) (used as a subject in certain kinds of sentences eg in talking about the weather, distance or time: Is it raining very hard?; It's cold; It is five o'clock; Is it the fifth of March?; It's two miles to the village; Is it your turn to make the tea?; It is impossible for him to finish the work; It was nice of you to come; Is it likely that he would go without us?)3) ((usually as the subject of the verb be) used to give emphasis to a certain word or phrase: It was you (that) I wanted to see, not Mary.) juuri4) (used with some verbs as a direct object with little meaning: The car broke down and we had to walk it; Oh, bother it!)•- its- itself -
6 of
medicine, veterinary• vastustuskyky• vähentyminen• pöyhkeillä• ylvästellä* * *əv1) (belonging to: a friend of mine.) jonkun2) (away from (a place etc); after (a given time): within five miles of London; within a year of his death.)3) (written etc by: the plays of Shakespeare.) jonkun4) (belonging to or forming a group: He is one of my friends.)5) (showing: a picture of my father.) jonkun6) (made from; consisting of: a dress of silk; a collection of pictures.) tehty jostakin7) (used to show an amount, measurement of something: a gallon of petrol; five bags of coal.) verran8) (about: an account of his work.)9) (containing: a box of chocolates.) sisältävä10) (used to show a cause: She died of hunger.) johonkin11) (used to show a loss or removal: She was robbed of her jewels.)12) (used to show the connection between an action and its object: the smoking of a cigarette.)13) (used to show character, qualities etc: a man of courage.)14) ((American) (of time) a certain number of minutes before (the hour): It's ten minutes of three.) vailla -
7 with
• ohessa• oheen• ohella• jonkin avulla• jonkun kanssa• seurassa• vaivata• yhdistää• kanssa• kera• keskuudessa• keralla• mukana• mukaan• myötä• parissa• samanlainen• sekoittaa• sulautua• ynnä• luona* * *wið1) (in the company of; beside; among; including: I was walking with my father; Do they enjoy playing with each other?; He used to play football with the Arsenal team; Put this book with the others.) kanssa, joukossa2) (by means of; using: Mend it with this glue; Cut it with a knife.)3) (used in expressing the idea of filling, covering etc: Fill this jug with milk; He was covered with mud.)4) (used in describing conflict: They quarrelled with each other; He fought with my brother.) kanssa5) (used in descriptions of things: a man with a limp; a girl with long hair; a stick with a handle; Treat this book with care.)6) (as the result of: He is shaking with fear.)7) (in the care of: Leave your case with the porter.) huostaan8) (in relation to; in the case of; concerning: Be careful with that!; What's wrong with you?; What shall I do with these books?) kanssa9) (used in expressing a wish: Down with fascism!; Up with Manchester United!) -
8 as
• ampeerisekunti* * *æz 1. conjunction1) (when; while: I met John as I was coming home; We'll be able to talk as we go.) kun2) (because: As I am leaving tomorrow, I've bought you a present.) koska3) (in the same way that: If you are not sure how to behave, do as I do.) niin kuin4) (used to introduce a statement of what the speaker knows or believes to be the case: As you know, I'll be leaving tomorrow.) kuten5) (though: Old as I am, I can still fight; Much as I want to, I cannot go.) vaikka6) (used to refer to something which has already been stated and apply it to another person: Tom is English, as are Dick and Harry.) kuten2. adverb(used in comparisons, eg the first as in the following example: The bread was as hard as a brick.) yhtä3. preposition1) (used in comparisons, eg the second as in the following example: The bread was as hard as a brick.) kuin2) (like: He was dressed as a woman.) kuin3) (with certain verbs eg regard, treat, describe, accept: I am regarded by some people as a bit of a fool; He treats the children as adults.) kuin4) (in the position of: He is greatly respected both as a person and as a politician.)•- as for- as if / as though
- as to -
9 from
• joltakulta• jostakin alkaen• jostakin syystä• jostakinmedicine, veterinary• vastustuskyky• varjella• sisältä• alkaen• päältä• raportti• peräisin• suojata• syntyä• käsin• luota• lähtöisin• lähtien• lukien* * *from1) (used before the place, thing, person, time etc that is the point at which an action, journey, period of time etc begins: from Europe to Asia; from Monday to Friday; a letter from her father.)2) (used to indicate that from which something or someone comes: a quotation from Shakespeare.) lähtöisin3) (used to indicate separation: Take it from him.)4) (used to indicate a cause or reason: He is suffering from a cold.) johtuen -
10 by
• ohi• ohessa• ohitse• palvella• rinnalla• rinnalle• oheen• jollakin tavalla• jonkin mukaan• tyytyväinen• tympääntyä• varrella• viereen• vierellä• vierestä• viereinen• vieressä• eduslle• sivuitse• sivuun• sivulla• aikana• an• riemuissaan• kautta• mukaan• mennessä• ääreen• ääreltä• äärelle• äärellä• äärestä• ääressä• kuluessa• pitkin• luona• lähellä* * *1. preposition1) (next to; near; at the side of: by the door; He sat by his sister.) luona, vieressä2) (past: going by the house.) ohi3) (through; along; across: We came by the main road.) pitkin, kautta4) (used (in the passive voice) to show the person or thing which performs an action: struck by a stone.)5) (using: He's going to contact us by letter; We travelled by train.)6) (from; through the means of: I met her by chance; by post.)7) ((of time) not later than: by 6 o'clock.) mennessä8) (during the time of.) aikana9) (to the extent of: taller by ten centimetres.)10) (used to give measurements etc: 4 metres by 2 metres.) kertaa11) (in quantities of: fruit sold by the kilo.)12) (in respect of: a teacher by profession.)2. adverb1) (near: They stood by and watched.) lähellä2) (past: A dog ran by.) ohi3) (aside; away: money put by for an emergency.) syrjään•- bypass 3. verb(to avoid (a place) by taking such a road.) kiertää- bystander
- by and by
- by and large
- by oneself
- by the way -
11 herself
• itse• itsensä* * *1) (used as the object of a verb or preposition when a female person or animal is the object of an action she performs: The cat licked herself; She looked at herself in the mirror.) itseään2) (used to emphasize she, her, or the name of a female person or animal: She herself played no part in this; Mary answered the letter herself.) itse3) (without help etc: She did it all by herself.) yksin -
12 himself
• itsensä• itse* * *1) (used as the object of a verb or preposition when a male person or animal is the object of an action he performs: He kicked himself; He looked at himself in the mirror.) itseään2) (used to emphasize he, him or the name of a male person or animal: John himself played no part in this.) itse3) (without help etc: He did it himself.) yksin -
13 itself
• itse• itsessään* * *1) (used as the object of a verb or preposition when an object, animal etc is the object of an action it performs: The cat looked at itself in the mirror; The cat stretched itself by the fire.) itseään2) (used to emphasize it or the name of an object, animal etc: The house itself is quite small, but the garden is big.) itse3) (without help etc: `How did the dog get in?' `Oh, it can open the gate itself.') itse -
14 me
mi:((used as the object of a verb or preposition and sometimes instead of I) the word used by a speaker or writer when referring to himself: He hit me; Give that to me; It's me; He can go with John and me.) minua, minulle, minä -
15 minus
1. preposition(used to show subtraction: Ten minus two equals eight (10 - 2 = 8).) miinus2. noun((also minus sign) a sign (-) used to show subtraction or negative quality.) miinusmerkki3. adjective(negative or less than zero: a minus number; Twelve from ten equals minus two (10 - 12 = -2).) miinus -
16 myself
• itseni• itse* * *1) (used as the object of a verb or preposition when the speaker or writer is the object of an action he or she performs: I cut myself while shaving; I looked at myself in the mirror.) itseäni, itseni2) (used to emphasize I, me or the name of the speaker or writer: I myself can't tell you, but my friend will; I don't intend to go myself.) itse -
17 plus
1. preposition(used to show addition: Two plus three equals five (2 + 3 = 5).) plus2. noun((also plus sign) a sign (+) used to show addition or positive quality.) plusmerkki3. adjective(positive or more than zero: a plus quantity; The temperature was plus fifteen degrees.) positiivinen, plus -
18 them
• objektimuoto• niitä• heille• heitä• heidät• ne* * *ðəm, ðem1) (people, animals, things etc already spoken about, being pointed out etc: Let's invite them to dinner; What will you do with them?) heitä, heidät, ne, niitä2) (used instead of him, him or her etc where a person of unknown sex or people of both sexes are referred to: If anyone touches that, I'll hit them.) häntä• -
19 themselves
• itsensä• itseänsä• itse* * *1) (used as the object of a verb or preposition when people, animals etc are the object of actions they perform: They hurt themselves; They looked at themselves in the mirror.) itsensä, itseään2) (used to emphasize they, them or the names of people, animals etc: They themselves did nothing wrong.) itse3) (without help etc: They decided to do it themselves.) itse -
20 you
• sinua• sinut• sinulle• siihen tottuu pian• sinä• te• teitä• teille• teidät* * *ju:1) ((used as the subject or object of a verb, or as the object of a preposition) the person(s) etc spoken or written to: You look well!; I asked you a question; Do you all understand?; Who came with you?) sinä, te2) (used with a noun when calling someone something, especially something unpleasant: You idiot!; You fools!) senkin
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