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1 you
ju:1) ((used as the subject or object of a verb, or as the object of a preposition) the person(s) etc spoken or written to: You look well!; I asked you a question; Do you all understand?; Who came with you?) tú, vosotros, vosotras, usted, ustedes (sujeto); se, uno (sujeto impersonal); te, ti, os (complemento); la, le, lo, los, las (complemento directo); le, les (complemento indirecto); contigo (|with| you)2) (used with a noun when calling someone something, especially something unpleasant: You idiot!; You fools!) cacho, ¡pero serás (idiota)!you pron1. tú / ti / usted / vosotros / ustedeswhat would you like, sir? ¿qué quiere, señor?do you understand? ¿entendéis?can you help me? ¿me pueden ayudar?2. te / le / la / lo / os / les / las / loscan I help you? ¿puedo ayudarle?3.tr[jʊː]1 (subject, familiar, singular) túand what did you say? y tú, ¿qué dijiste?2 (subject, familiar, plural - men) vosotros; (- women) vosotrasyou two, where are you going? vosotros dos, ¿adónde vais?3 (subject, polite, singular) usted, Vd., Ud.4 (subject, polite, plural) ustedes, Vds., Uds.5 (subject, impersonal) se, unosometimes you just have to say no, don't you? a veces, uno tiene que decir que no, ¿verdad?I'm going with you, without you I'm lost voy contigo, sin ti estoy perdido7 (object, familiar, plural) os; (with preposition) vosotros,-asgood morning, sir, can I help you? buenos días, señor, ¿puedo ayudarlo?I'm sorry madam, I can't hear you perdone señora, no la oigogood morning, gentlemen, can I help you? buenos días, señores, ¿puedo ayudarlos?I'm sorry ladies, I don't understand you lo siento señoras, no las entiendogentlemen, this is for you señores, esto es para ustedes10 (indirect object, polite, singular) le11 (indirect object, polite, plural) les12 (object, impersonal)you ['ju:] pron1) (used as subject - familiar) : tú; vos in some Latin American countries; ustedes pl; vosotros, vosotras pl Spainhe told it to you: te lo contóI gave them to (all of, both of) you: se los di5) (used after a preposition - familiar) : ti; vos in some Latin American countries; ustedes pl; vosotros, vosotras pl Spainyou never know: nunca se sabeyou have to be aware: hay que ser conscienteyou mustn't do that: eso no se hace8)9)pron.• le pron.• te pron. (formal)pron.• usted pron. (formal, plural)pron.• vosotros pron.pl. (informal)pron.• tú pron.• ustedes pron.pron.• te pron.juː1) ( sing)a) ( as subject - familiar) tú, vos (AmC, RPl); (- formal) ustednow you try — ahora prueba tú/pruebe usted, ahora probá vos (AmC, RPl)
if I were you — yo que tú/que usted, yo en tu/en su lugar, yo que vos (AmC, RPl)
b) ( as direct object - familiar) te; (- formal, masculine) lo, le (Esp); (- formal, feminine) laI saw you, Pete — te vi, Pete
I saw you, Mr Russell — lo vi, señor Russell, le vi, señor Russell (Esp)
c) ( as indirect object - familiar) te; (- formal) le; (- with direct object pronoun present) seI told you — te dije/le dije
I gave it to you — te lo di/se lo di
d) ( after prep - familiar) ti, vos (AmC, RPl); (- formal) ustedfor you — para ti/usted, para vos (AmC, RPl)
with you — contigo/con usted
2) (pl)a) (as subject, after preposition - familiar) ustedes (AmL), vosotros, -tras (Esp); (- formal) ustedesbe quiet, you two — ustedes dos: cállense!, vosotros dos: callaos! (Esp)
come on, you guys! — vamos, chicos
b) ( as direct object - familiar) los, las (AmL), os (Esp); (- formal, masculine) los, les (Esp); (- formal, feminine) lasI heard you, gentlemen — los or (Esp tb) les oí, caballeros
I heard you, boys/girls — los/las oí, chicos/chicas (AmL), os oí, chicos/chicas (Esp)
c) ( as indirect object - familiar) les (AmL), os (Esp); (- formal) les; (- with direct object pronoun present) seI gave you the book — les or (Esp tb) os di el libro
I gave it to you — se or (Esp tb) os lo di
3) ( one)a) ( as subject) uno, unayou can't do that here — aquí uno no puede or no se puede or no puedes hacer eso
b) ( as direct object) tepeople stop you in the street and ask for money — la gente te para en la calle y te pide dinero, la gente lo para a uno en la calle y le pide dinero
c) ( as indirect object) tethey never tell you the truth — nunca te dicen la verdad, nunca le dicen la verdad a uno
[juː]PRON Note that subject pronouns are used less in Spanish than in English - mainly for emphasis or to avoid ambiguity.1) (sing)what do you think about it? — ¿y tú que piensas?
I told you to do it — te dije a ti que lo hicieras, es a ti a quien dije que lo hicieras
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it's for you — es para ti•
she's taller than you — es más alta que tú•
can I come with you — ¿puedo ir contigo?b) frm (=as subject) usted, Ud, Vd; (as direct object) lo/la, le (Sp); (as indirect object) le; (after prep) usted, Ud, VdChange [le] to [se] before a direct object pronoun:I saw you, Mrs Jones — la vi, señora Jones
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this is for you — esto es para usted•
they're taller than you — son más altos que usted2) (pl)a) (familiar) (=as subject) vosotros(-as) (Sp), ustedes (LAm); (as direct object) os (Sp), los/las (LAm); (as indirect object) os (Sp), les (LAm); (after prep) vosotros(-as) (Sp), ustedes (LAm)you're sisters, aren't you? — vosotras sois hermanas, ¿no?
you stay here, and I'll go and get the key — (vosotros) quedaos aquí, que yo iré a por la llave
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I live upstairs from you — vivo justo encima de vosotros•
they've done it better than you — lo han hecho mejor que vosotros•
they'll go without you — irán sin vosotrosb) frm (=as subject) ustedes, Uds, Vds; (as direct object) los/las, les (Sp); (as indirect object) les; (after prep) ustedes, Uds, Vdsare you brothers? — ¿son (ustedes) hermanos?
Change [les] to [se] before a direct object pronoun:may I help you? — ¿puedo ayudarlos?
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we arrived after you — llegamos después de ustedes3) (general)When you means "one" or "people" in general, the impersonal se is often used:you can't do that — no se puede hacer eso, eso no se hace, eso no se permite
you can't smoke here — no se puede fumar aquí, no se permite fumar aquí, se prohíbe fumar aquí
A further possibility is [uno]:you never know, you never can tell — nunca se sabe
Impersonal constructions are also used:you never know whether... — uno nunca sabe si...
you need to check it every day — hay que comprobarlo cada día, conviene comprobarlo cada día
you doctors! — ¡vosotros, los médicos!
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between you and me — entre tú y yo•
you fool! — ¡no seas tonto!•
that's lawyers for you! — ¡para que te fíes de los abogados!there's a pretty girl for you! — ¡mira que chica más guapa!
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if I were or was you — yo que tú, yo en tu lugar•
you there! — ¡oye, tú!YOU When translating you, even though you often need not use the pronoun itself, you will have to choose between using familiar tú/vosotros verb forms and the polite usted/ ustedes ones. ► In Spain, use tú and the plural vosotros/ vosotras with anyone you call by their first name, with children and younger adults. Use usted/ ustedes with people who are older than you, those in authority and in formal contexts. ► In Latin America usage varies depending on the country and in some places only the usted forms are used. Where the tú form does exist, only use it with people you know very well. In other areas vos, used with verb forms that are similar to the vosotros ones, often replaces tú. This is standard in Argentina and certain Central American countries while in other countries it is considered substandard. Use ustedes for all cases of you in the plural. For further uses and examples, see main entry•
that dress just isn't you — ese vestido no te sienta bien* * *[juː]1) ( sing)a) ( as subject - familiar) tú, vos (AmC, RPl); (- formal) ustednow you try — ahora prueba tú/pruebe usted, ahora probá vos (AmC, RPl)
if I were you — yo que tú/que usted, yo en tu/en su lugar, yo que vos (AmC, RPl)
b) ( as direct object - familiar) te; (- formal, masculine) lo, le (Esp); (- formal, feminine) laI saw you, Pete — te vi, Pete
I saw you, Mr Russell — lo vi, señor Russell, le vi, señor Russell (Esp)
c) ( as indirect object - familiar) te; (- formal) le; (- with direct object pronoun present) seI told you — te dije/le dije
I gave it to you — te lo di/se lo di
d) ( after prep - familiar) ti, vos (AmC, RPl); (- formal) ustedfor you — para ti/usted, para vos (AmC, RPl)
with you — contigo/con usted
2) (pl)a) (as subject, after preposition - familiar) ustedes (AmL), vosotros, -tras (Esp); (- formal) ustedesbe quiet, you two — ustedes dos: cállense!, vosotros dos: callaos! (Esp)
come on, you guys! — vamos, chicos
b) ( as direct object - familiar) los, las (AmL), os (Esp); (- formal, masculine) los, les (Esp); (- formal, feminine) lasI heard you, gentlemen — los or (Esp tb) les oí, caballeros
I heard you, boys/girls — los/las oí, chicos/chicas (AmL), os oí, chicos/chicas (Esp)
c) ( as indirect object - familiar) les (AmL), os (Esp); (- formal) les; (- with direct object pronoun present) seI gave you the book — les or (Esp tb) os di el libro
I gave it to you — se or (Esp tb) os lo di
3) ( one)a) ( as subject) uno, unayou can't do that here — aquí uno no puede or no se puede or no puedes hacer eso
b) ( as direct object) tepeople stop you in the street and ask for money — la gente te para en la calle y te pide dinero, la gente lo para a uno en la calle y le pide dinero
c) ( as indirect object) tethey never tell you the truth — nunca te dicen la verdad, nunca le dicen la verdad a uno
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2 who
hu:
1. pronoun((used as the subject of a verb) what person(s)(?): Who is that woman in the green hat?; Who did that?; Who won?; Do you know who all these people are?) quién, quiénes
2. relative pronoun1) ((used to refer to a person or people mentioned previously to distinguish him or them from others: used as the subject of a verb: usually replaceable by that) (the) one(s) that: The man who/that telephoned was a friend of yours; A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.)2) (used, after a comma, to introduce a further comment on a person or people: His mother, who was so proud, gave him a hug.) que•- whoever
3. pronoun1) (no matter who: Whoever rings, tell him/them I'm out.)2) ((also who ever) used in questions to express surprise etc: Whoever said that?) quienquiera que, cualquiera que•- whom
4. relative pronoun(used as the object of a verb or preposition but in everyday speech sometimes replaced by who)1) ((used to refer to a person or people mentioned previously, to distinguish him or them from others: able to be omitted or replaced by that except when following a preposition) (the) one(s) that: The man (whom/that) you mentioned is here; Today I met some friends (whom/that) I hadn't seen for ages; This is the man to whom I gave it; This is the man (whom/who/that) I gave it to.)2) (used, after a comma, to introduce a further comment on a person or people: His mother, who was so proud of him, gave him a hug.) que, quien, quienes•who pron1. quiénwho was at the party? ¿quién había en la fiesta?2. quetr['dʌbəljʊː'eɪʧ'əʊ]who ['hu:] pronwho is that?: ¿quién es ése?who did it?: ¿quién lo hizo?we know who they are: sabemos quiénes sonthe lady who lives there: la señora que vive allífor those who wait: para los que esperan, para quienes esperanpron.• cual pron.• el que pron.• que pron.• quien pron.• quién pron.noun (= World Health Organization) OMS f[huː]1. PRONwho is it? — ¿quién es?
who are they? — ¿quiénes son?
who are you looking for? — ¿a quién buscas?
who does she think she is? * — ¿quién se cree que es?
2) (in exclamations) quiénguess who! — ¡a ver si adivinas quién soy!
who should it be but Neil! — ¿a que no sabes quién era? ¡Neil!, ¡no era otro que Neil!
the girl who you spoke to has since left the company — la chica con la que or con quien or more frm con la cual hablaste ya no trabaja en la empresa
he who wishes to... — el que desee...
2.CPDWho's Who N — (=book) libro que contiene una lista de británicos famosos y destacados
WHO, WHOMtheir client list reads like a celebrity Who's Who — su lista de clientes incluye a todos los que son alguien en el mundo de la fama
In direct and indirect questions
► In direct and indirect questions as well as after expressions of (un)certainty and doubt (e.g. no sé), translate who using quién/quiénes w hen it is the subject of a verb:
Who broke the window? ¿Quién rompió la ventana?
She had no idea who her real parents were Ignoraba quiénes eran sus verdaderos padres ► When who/ whom is the object of a verb or preposition, translate using quién/quiénes p receded by personal a or another preposition as relevant:
Who(m) did you call? ¿A quién llamaste?
Who(m) is she going to marry? ¿Con quién se va a casar?
You must tell me who you are going to go out with Tienes que decirme con quién/quiénes vas a salir
In exclamations
► Translate using quién/quiénes w ith an accent as in the interrogative form:
Who would have thought it! ¡Quién lo hubiera pensado!
As relative
► When who/ whom follows the noun it refers to, the most common translation is que:
Do you recognize the three girls who have just come in? ¿Reconoces a las tres chicas que acaban de entrar?
Peter, who was at the match, has told me all about it Peter, que estuvo en el partido, me lo ha contado todo
That man (who(m)) you saw wasn't my father El hombre que viste no era mi padre NOTE: Personal a is not used before que.
"Who" as subject of a verb
► When who is the subject, que can sometimes be substituted by el cual/ la cual or quien (singular) and los cuales/ las cuales or quienes (plural). This can help avoid ambiguity:
I bumped into Ian and Sue, who had just come back from Madrid Me encontré con Ian y con Sue, la cual or quien acababa de regresar de Madrid ► Only que is possible in cases where subject who can be substituted by that, i.e. where who defines the person in question and the sentence does not make sense if you omit the who clause:
The little boy who won the cycle race is Sarah's nephew El niñito que ganó la carrera ciclista es el sobrino de Sarah
"Who(m)" as object of a verb or preposition
► When who (m) is the object of a verb, you can translate it using que as above. Alternatively, especially in formal language, use personal a + quien/ quienes or personal a + ((article)) + cual/ cuales {etc} or personal a + ((article)) + que:
The woman (who or whom) you're describing is my music teacher La señora que or a quien or a la cual or a la que describes es mi profesora de música
"Who(m)" as object of a preposition
► After prepositions, you should usually use que or cual preceded by the article or quien:
This is the girl (who or whom) I talked to you about esta es la chica de la que or de la cual or de quien te hablé For further uses and examples, see who, whom* * *noun (= World Health Organization) OMS f -
3 to
1. tə,tu preposition1) (towards; in the direction of: I cycled to the station; The book fell to the floor; I went to the concert/lecture/play.) a, hacia2) (as far as: His story is a lie from beginning to end.) a, hasta3) (until: Did you stay to the end of the concert?) hasta4) (sometimes used to introduce the indirect object of a verb: He sent it to us; You're the only person I can talk to.) con, a5) (used in expressing various relations: Listen to me!; Did you reply to his letter?; Where's the key to this door?; He sang to (the accompaniment of) his guitar.) a, para6) (into a particular state or condition: She tore the letter to pieces.) en7) (used in expressing comparison or proportion: He's junior to me; Your skill is superior to mine; We won the match by 5 goals to 2.) a8) (showing the purpose or result of an action etc: He came quickly to my assistance; To my horror, he took a gun out of his pocket.) en; para9) (tə used before an infinitive eg after various verbs and adjectives, or in other constructions: I want to go!; He asked me to come; He worked hard to (= in order to) earn a lot of money; These buildings were designed to (= so as to) resist earthquakes; She opened her eyes to find him standing beside her; I arrived too late to see him.) para10) (used instead of a complete infinitive: He asked her to stay but she didn't want to.) (hacerlo)
2. tu: adverb1) (into a closed or almost closed position: He pulled/pushed the door to.) hasta cerrar2) (used in phrasal verbs and compounds: He came to (= regained consciousness).) a•to prep1. a2. a / hastashe works from nine to five trabaja de nueve a cinco / trabaja desde las nueve hasta las cinco3. menos4. paratotr[tʊ, ʊnstressed tə]1 (with place) a■ did you go to the bank? ¿fuiste al banco?■ A is to the north/south/east/west of B A está al norte/sur/este/oeste de B2 (towards) hacia3 (as far as, until) a, hasta■ I like all music, from Abba to ZZTop me gusta toda la música, desde Abba hasta ZZTop4 (of time) menos6 (for) de■ what's the answer to question 4? ¿cuál es la respuesta a la pregunta número 4?7 (attitude, behaviour) con, para con8 (in honour of) a9 (touching) a, contra10 (accompanied by) acompañado,-a de11 (causing something) para■ to my surprise, it was empty para mi sorpresa, estaba vacío12 (as seen by) por lo que respecta■ to a foreigner, it must seem awful para un extranjero, debe parecer terrible■ to some people he was a hero, to others a traitor para algunos era un héroe, para otros era un traidor14 (ratio) a15 (per, equivalent) a, en■ how much does your car do to the gallon? ≈ ¿cuánto gasta tu coche a los cien kilómetros?16 (according to) según■ is it to your taste? ¿es de su agrado?17 (result) a18 (in order to) para, a fin de■ would you like to dance? --I'd love to ¿te gustaría bailar? --me encantaría■ she didn't want to go, but she had to no quería ir, pero no le quedaba más remedio1 (of door) ajustada\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto and fro vaivén, ir y venir Table 1SMALLNOTA/SMALL Cuando se usa con la raíz del verbo para formar el infinitivo no se traduce/Table 1 ■ I want to help you quiero ayudarteto ['tu:] adv1) : a un estado conscienteto come to: volver en sí2)to and fro : de aquí para allá, de un lado para otroto prepto go to the doctor: ir al médicoI'm going to John's: voy a la casa de John2) toward: a, haciatwo miles to the south: dos millas hacia el sur3) on: en, sobreapply salve to the wound: póngale ungüento a la herida4) up to: hasta, ato a degree: hasta cierto gradofrom head to toe: de pies a cabezait's quarter to seven: son las siete menos cuarto6) until: a, hastafrom May to December: de mayo a diciembrethe key to the lock: la llave del candadodancing to the rhythm: bailando al compásit's similar to mine: es parecido al míothey won 4 to 2: ganaron 4 a 2made to order: hecho a la ordento my knowledge: a mi sabertwenty to the box: veinte por cajato understand: entenderto go away: irse
I tuː, weak form tə1)a) ( indicating destination) awe went to John's — fuimos a casa de John, fuimos a lo de John (RPl), fuimos donde John (esp AmL)
you can wear it to a party/the wedding — puedes ponértelo para una fiesta/la boda
b) ( indicating direction) haciac) ( indicating position) ato the left/right of something — a la izquierda/derecha de algo
2) (against, onto)3)a) ( as far as) hastab) ( until) hastac) ( indicating range)there will be 30 to 35 guests — habrá entre 30 y 35 invitados; see also from 4)
4)a) ( showing indirect object)who did you send/give it to? — ¿a quién se lo mandaste/diste?
what did you say to him/them? — ¿qué le/les dijiste?
I'll hand you over to Jane — te paso or (Esp tb) te pongo con Jane
I was singing/talking to myself — estaba cantando/hablando solo
to me, he will always be a hero — para mí, siempre será un héroe
he was very kind/rude to me — fue muy amable/grosero conmigo
b) (in toasts, dedications)to Paul with love from Jane — para Paul, con cariño de Jane
5) (indicating proportion, relation)how many ounces are there to the pound? — ¿cuántas onzas hay en una libra?
it does 30 miles to the gallon — da or rinde 30 millas por galón, consume 6.75 litros a los or por cada cien kilómetros
there's a 10 to 1 chance of... — hay una probabilidad de uno en 10 de...
that's nothing to what followed — eso no es nada comparado or en comparación con lo que vino después
6) ( concerning)what do you say to that? — ¿qué dices a eso?, ¿qué te parece (eso)?
there's nothing to it — es muy simple or sencillo
7)a) ( in accordance with)b) ( producing)to my horror/delight... — para mi horror/alegría...
c) ( indicating purpose)8) ( indicating belonging) dethe solution to the problem — la solución al or del problema
it has a nice ring/sound to it — suena bien
9) ( telling time) (BrE)ten to three — las tres menos diez, diez para las tres (AmL exc RPl)
10) ( accompanied by)they sang it to the tune of `Clementine' — lo cantaron con la melodía de `Clementine'
II tə1)a)to sing/fear/leave — cantar/temer/partir
b) ( in order to) parac) ( indicating result)he awoke to find her gone — cuando despertó, ella ya se había ido
I walked 5 miles only to be told they weren't home — caminé 5 millas para que me dijeran que no estaban en casa
d) ( without vb)2) (after adj or n)it's easy/difficult to do — es fácil/difícil de hacer
III tuː [tʊ, tuː, tǝ]1. PREPOSITIONWhen to is the second element in a phrasal verb, eg set to, heave to, look up the phrasal verb. When to is part of a set combination, eg nice to, to my mind, to all appearances, appeal to, look up the other word.1) (destination) aNote: a + el = al
it's 90 kilometres to Lima — de aquí a Lima hay 90 kilómetros, hay 90 kilómetros a Lima
to go to Paris/Spain — ir a París/España
to go to school/university — ir al colegio/a la Universidad
I liked the exhibition, I went to it twice — me gustó la exposición, fui a verla dos veces
we're going to John's/my parents' for Christmas — vamos a casa de John/mis padres por Navidad
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have you ever been to India? — ¿has estado alguna vez en la India?•
flights to Heathrow — vuelos a or con destino a Heathrowchurch 1., 2)•
the road to Edinburgh — la carretera de Edimburgo2) (=towards) haciamove it to the left/right — muévelo hacia la izquierda/derecha
3) (=as far as) hastafrom here to London — de aquí a or hasta Londres
4) (=up to) hastato some extent — hasta cierto punto, en cierta medida
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to this day I still don't know what he meant — aún hoy no sé lo que quiso decir•
from Monday to Friday — de lunes a viernesfrom morning to night — de la mañana a la noche, desde la mañana hasta la noche
decimal 1.•
funds to the value of... — fondos por valor de...5) (=located at) a6) (=against) contrait's a quarter to three — son las tres menos cuarto, es or (LAm) falta un cuarto para las tres
the man I sold it to or frm to whom I sold it — el hombre a quien se lo vendí
it belongs to me — me pertenece (a mí), es mío
what is that to me? — ¿y a mí qué me importa eso?
"that's strange," I said to myself — -es raro -me dije para mis adentros
9) (in dedications, greetings)greetings to all our friends! — ¡saludos a todos los amigos!
welcome to you all! — ¡bienvenidos todos!
"to P.R. Lilly" — (in book) "para P.R. Lilly"
here's to you! — ¡va por ti!, ¡por ti!
a monument to the fallen — un monumento a los caídos, un monumento en honor a los caídos
10) (in ratios, proportions) porthe odds against it happening are a million to one — las probabilidades de que eso ocurra son una entre un millón
three to the fourth, three to the power of four — (Math) tres a la cuarta potencia
11) (in comparisons) a12) (=about, concerning)what do you say to that? — ¿qué te parece (eso)?
what would you say to a beer? — ¿te parece que tomemos una cerveza?
"to repairing pipes:..." — (on bill) "reparación de las cañerías:..."
13) (=according to) segúnto my way of thinking — a mi modo de ver, según mi modo de pensar
14) (=to the accompaniment of)it is sung to the tune of "Tipperary" — se canta con la melodía de "Tipperary"
15) (=of, for) de16) (with gerund/noun)•
to look forward to doing sth — tener muchas ganas de hacer algo•
to prefer painting to drawing — preferir pintar a dibujar•
to be used to (doing) sth — estar acostumbrado a (hacer) algo•
to this end — a or con este fin•
to my enormous shame I did nothing — para gran vergüenza mía, no hice nada•
to my great surprise — con gran sorpresa por mi parte, para gran sorpresa mía2. INFINITIVE PARTICLE1) (infinitive)a)A preposition may be required with the Spanish infinitive, depending on what precedes it: look up the verb.•
she refused to listen — se negó a escuchar•
to start to cry — empezar or ponerse a llorar•
to try to do sth — tratar de hacer algo, intentar hacer algo•
to want to do sth — querer hacer algo•
I'd advise you to think this over — te aconsejaría que te pensaras bien esto•
he'd like me to give up work — le gustaría que dejase de trabajar•
we'd prefer him to go to university — preferiríamos que fuese a la universidad•
I want you to do it — quiero que lo hagasc)there was no one for me to ask, there wasn't anyone for me to ask — no había nadie a quien yo pudiese preguntar
he's not the sort or type to do that — no es de los que hacen eso
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that book is still to be written — ese libro está todavía por escribir•
now is the time to do it — ahora es el momento de hacerlo•
and who is he to criticize? — ¿y quién es él para criticar?3) (purpose, result) paraThe particle to is not translated when it stands for the infinitive:it disappeared, never to be seen again — desapareció para siempre
we didn't want to sell it but we had to — no queríamos venderlo pero tuvimos que hacerlo or no hubo más remedio
"would you like to come to dinner?" - "I'd love to!" — -¿te gustaría venir a cenar? -¡me encantaría!
For combinations like difficult/easy/foolish/ ready/ slow to etc, look up the adjective.you may not want to do it but you ought to for the sake of your education — tal vez no quieres hacerlo pero deberías en aras de tu educación
the first/last to go — el primero/último en irse
See:EASY, DIFFICULT, IMPOSSIBLE in easyand then to be let down like that! — ¡y para que luego te decepcionen así!
and to think he didn't mean a word of it! — ¡y pensar que nada de lo que dijo era de verdad!
7)to see him now one would never think that... — al verlo or viéndolo ahora nadie creería que...
3.ADVERBto pull the door to — tirar de la puerta para cerrarla, cerrar la puerta tirando
to push the door to — empujar la puerta para cerrarla, cerrar la puerta empujando
* * *
I [tuː], weak form [tə]1)a) ( indicating destination) awe went to John's — fuimos a casa de John, fuimos a lo de John (RPl), fuimos donde John (esp AmL)
you can wear it to a party/the wedding — puedes ponértelo para una fiesta/la boda
b) ( indicating direction) haciac) ( indicating position) ato the left/right of something — a la izquierda/derecha de algo
2) (against, onto)3)a) ( as far as) hastab) ( until) hastac) ( indicating range)there will be 30 to 35 guests — habrá entre 30 y 35 invitados; see also from 4)
4)a) ( showing indirect object)who did you send/give it to? — ¿a quién se lo mandaste/diste?
what did you say to him/them? — ¿qué le/les dijiste?
I'll hand you over to Jane — te paso or (Esp tb) te pongo con Jane
I was singing/talking to myself — estaba cantando/hablando solo
to me, he will always be a hero — para mí, siempre será un héroe
he was very kind/rude to me — fue muy amable/grosero conmigo
b) (in toasts, dedications)to Paul with love from Jane — para Paul, con cariño de Jane
5) (indicating proportion, relation)how many ounces are there to the pound? — ¿cuántas onzas hay en una libra?
it does 30 miles to the gallon — da or rinde 30 millas por galón, consume 6.75 litros a los or por cada cien kilómetros
there's a 10 to 1 chance of... — hay una probabilidad de uno en 10 de...
that's nothing to what followed — eso no es nada comparado or en comparación con lo que vino después
6) ( concerning)what do you say to that? — ¿qué dices a eso?, ¿qué te parece (eso)?
there's nothing to it — es muy simple or sencillo
7)a) ( in accordance with)b) ( producing)to my horror/delight... — para mi horror/alegría...
c) ( indicating purpose)8) ( indicating belonging) dethe solution to the problem — la solución al or del problema
it has a nice ring/sound to it — suena bien
9) ( telling time) (BrE)ten to three — las tres menos diez, diez para las tres (AmL exc RPl)
10) ( accompanied by)they sang it to the tune of `Clementine' — lo cantaron con la melodía de `Clementine'
II [tə]1)a)to sing/fear/leave — cantar/temer/partir
b) ( in order to) parac) ( indicating result)he awoke to find her gone — cuando despertó, ella ya se había ido
I walked 5 miles only to be told they weren't home — caminé 5 millas para que me dijeran que no estaban en casa
d) ( without vb)2) (after adj or n)it's easy/difficult to do — es fácil/difícil de hacer
III [tuː] -
4 which
wi
1. adjective, pronoun(used in questions etc when asking someone to point out, state etc one or more persons, things etc from a particular known group: Which (colour) do you like best?; Which route will you travel by?; At which station should I change trains?; Which of the two girls do you like better?; Tell me which books you would like; Let me know which train you'll be arriving on; I can't decide which to choose.) cuál
2. relative pronoun((used to refer to a thing or things mentioned previously to distinguish it or them from others: able to be replaced by that except after a preposition: able to be omitted except after a preposition or when the subject of a clause) (the) one(s) that: This is the book which/that was on the table; This is the book (which/that) you wanted; A scalpel is a type of knife which/that is used by surgeons; The chair (which/that) you are sitting on is broken; The documents for which they were searching have been recovered.) que
3. relative adjective, relative pronoun(used, after a comma, to introduce a further comment on something: My new car, which I paid several thousand pounds for, is not running well; He said he could speak Russian, which was untrue; My father may have to go into hospital, in which case he won't be going on holiday.)- which is which? - which is which
which1 adj cuál / quéwhich one is yours? ¿cuál es el tuyo?which2 pron1. cuál / quéwhich of the houses is yours? ¿cuál de las casas es la tuya?2. quetr[wɪʧ]1 (direct questions) qué, cuál, cuáles■ which size? ¿qué tamaño/talla?■ which colour do you prefer? ¿qué color prefieres?■ which newspaper do you read? ¿qué periódico lees?■ which one do you like best? ¿cuál te gusta más?2 (indirect questions) qué1 (questions) cuál, cuáles■ which do you want? ¿cuál quieres?■ which is your car? ¿cuál es tu coche?■ which is mine? ¿cuál es el mío?2 (indirect questions) cuál3 (defining relative) que; (with preposition) que, el/la que, el/la cual, los/las que, los/las cuales4 (non-defining relative) el/la cual, los/las cuales■ two glasses, one of which was dirty dos copas, una de las cuales estaba sucia5 (referring to a clause) lo que, lo cual■ he lost, which was sad perdió, lo cual era triste\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLin which case en cuyo casowhich ['hwɪʧ] adj: qué, cuálwhich tie do you prefer?: ¿cuál corbata prefieres?which ones?: ¿cuáles?tell me which house is yours: dime qué casa es la tuyawhich pron1) : cuálwhich is the right answer?: ¿cuál es la respuesta correcta?2) : que, el (la) cualthe cup which broke: la taza que se quebróthe house, which is made of brick: la casa, la cual es de ladrillopron.• qué pron.adj.• cuál adj.• el cual adj.• que adj.pron.• cual pron.• cuál pron.• que pron.
I hwɪtʃ, wɪtʃ1)a) (in questions) (sing) cuál; (pl) cuáleswhich of you wrote this? — ¿cuál or quién de ustedes escribió esto?
b) ( in indirect use) cuáldo you know which she chose? — ¿sabes cuál eligió?
2) ( as relative)the newspaper in which the article appeared — el diario en el que or en el cual apareció el artículo
he said it was an accident, which I know is not true — dijo que había sido un accidente, lo cual sé que no es cierto
II
1)a) ( in questions) (sing) qué, cuál; (pl) qué, cuálesin which European city is it? — ¿en qué or cuál ciudad europea está?
b) ( in indirect questions) (sing) qué, cuál; (pl) qué, cuálesask her which chapters we have to read — pregúntale qué or cuales capítulos hay que leer
2) ( as relative)[wɪtʃ]we arrived at two, by which time they had gone — llegamos a las dos y para entonces ya se habían ido
1. PRONOUN1) (in direct and indirect questions, reported speech)
Which/which one/ which ones in direct and indirect questions and after expressions of (un)certainty and doubt (e.g. no sé) usually translate as cuál/cuáles: cuálwhich do you want? — (offering one) ¿cuál quieres?; (offering two or more) ¿cuáles quieres?
which of you did it? — ¿cuál de vosotros lo hizo?
which of you is Kathleen? — ¿cuál de vosotras es Kathleen?
2) (relative)In relative clauses where which defines the noun it refers to, you can usually translate it as que. Note that in this type of sentence which can be substituted by that in English: quethe letter which came this morning was from my niece — la carta que llegó esta mañana era de mi sobrina
If [which] is the object of a preposition, you can either translate it as [que] (usually preceded by the definite article) or as article + [cual]/[cuales]. Use the second option particularly in formal language or after long prepositions or prepositional phrases:do you remember the house which we saw last week? — ¿te acuerdas de la casa que vimos la semana pasada?
your letter, which I received this morning, cheered me up — tu carta, que or more frm la cual he recibido esta mañana, me ha levantado el ánimo
the bull which I'm talking about — el toro del que or more frm del cual estoy hablando
the meeting which we attended — la reunión a la que or more frm a la cual asistimos
the hotel at which we stayed — el hotel en el que or more frm en el cual nos hospedamos
the cities to which we are going — las ciudades a las que or more frm a las cuales vamos
If instead of defining the noun the [which] clause merely adds additional information, you can translate [which] using either [que] or article + [cual]/[cuales]:he explained the means by which we could achieve our objective — explicó los medios a través de los cuales podíamos alcanzar nuestro objetivo
When which refers to the whole of a preceding sentence or idea, translate as lo que or lo cual:the oak dining-table, which was a present from my father, seats 10 people comfortably — la mesa de roble, que or la cual fue un regalo de mi padre, admite cómodamente diez comensales
it rained hard which upset her — llovió mucho, lo que or lo cual le disgustó
After a preposition only [lo cual] can be used:they left early, which my wife did not like at all — se marcharon pronto, lo cual or lo que no agradó nada a mi mujer
•
after which we went to bed — después de lo cual nos acostamos•
from which we deduce that... — de lo cual deducimos que...2. ADJECTIVE1) (in direct and indirect questions, reported speech)When which is used as an interrogative adjective, translate using qué + noun when the possibilities are very open or cuál/cuáles de + article + plural noun when the possibilities are limited: quéwhich house do you live in? — ¿en qué casa vives?
which day are they coming? — ¿qué día vienen?
which picture do you prefer? — ¿qué cuadro prefieres?, ¿cuál de los cuadros prefieres?
which option do you prefer? — ¿cuál de las alternativas prefieres?
which way did she go? — ¿por dónde se fue?
•
which one? — ¿cuál?2) (relative)look which way you will... — mires por donde mires...
he used "peradventure", which word is now archaic — frm dijo "peradventure", palabra que ha quedado ahora anticuada
•
he didn't get here till 10, by which time Jane had already left — no llegó hasta las 10 y para entonces Jane ya se había ido* * *
I [hwɪtʃ, wɪtʃ]1)a) (in questions) (sing) cuál; (pl) cuáleswhich of you wrote this? — ¿cuál or quién de ustedes escribió esto?
b) ( in indirect use) cuáldo you know which she chose? — ¿sabes cuál eligió?
2) ( as relative)the newspaper in which the article appeared — el diario en el que or en el cual apareció el artículo
he said it was an accident, which I know is not true — dijo que había sido un accidente, lo cual sé que no es cierto
II
1)a) ( in questions) (sing) qué, cuál; (pl) qué, cuálesin which European city is it? — ¿en qué or cuál ciudad europea está?
b) ( in indirect questions) (sing) qué, cuál; (pl) qué, cuálesask her which chapters we have to read — pregúntale qué or cuales capítulos hay que leer
2) ( as relative)we arrived at two, by which time they had gone — llegamos a las dos y para entonces ya se habían ido
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5 with
wið1) (in the company of; beside; among; including: I was walking with my father; Do they enjoy playing with each other?; He used to play football with the Arsenal team; Put this book with the others.) con2) (by means of; using: Mend it with this glue; Cut it with a knife.) con3) (used in expressing the idea of filling, covering etc: Fill this jug with milk; He was covered with mud.) de4) (used in describing conflict: They quarrelled with each other; He fought with my brother.) con5) (used in descriptions of things: a man with a limp; a girl with long hair; a stick with a handle; Treat this book with care.) con6) (as the result of: He is shaking with fear.) de7) (in the care of: Leave your case with the porter.) a8) (in relation to; in the case of; concerning: Be careful with that!; What's wrong with you?; What shall I do with these books?) con9) (used in expressing a wish: Down with fascism!; Up with Manchester United!) abajo/arriba el...with prep1. con2. detr[wɪð, wɪɵ]1 (accompanying) condo you live with your parents? ¿vives con tus padres?have you brought your swimsuit with you? ¿te has traído el bañador?2 (having, possessing) con, de; (including, and also) con, incluidowith wine it cost 25 euros costó 25 euros, vino incluido3 (using, by means of) con4 (cover, fill, contain) de5 (agreeing, in support of) conwe're with you all the way! ¡estamos contigo hasta el final!6 (against) condon't argue with your mother! ¡no discutas con tu madre!7 (because of, on account of) de8 (indicating manner) con9 (in same direction as) con11 (regarding, concerning) conthe trouble with Ian is that... lo que pasa con Ian es que...is there something wrong with her? ¿le pasa algo?12 (in the case of, as regards) con respecto a, en cuanto awith Mrs Smith what happened was that... en el caso de la Señora Smith lo que pasó fue que...who do you bank with? ¿en qué banco tienes una cuenta?14 (remaining)15 (despite, in spite of) con16 (in comparisons) con17 (illness) con18 (according to) según, de acuerdo con\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLdown with capitalism! ¡abajo el capitalismo!on with the show! ¡que siga el espectáculo!to be with somebody (accompany) estar con alguien, acompañar a alguien 2 (understand) seguir a alguien, entender a alguienwith that con lo cualwith ['wɪð, 'wɪɵ] prep1) : conI'm going with you: voy contigocoffee with milk: café con leche2) against: conto argue with someone: discutir con alguienthe girl with red hair: la muchacha de pelo rojo4) (indicating manner, means, or cause) : conto cut with a knife: cortar con un cuchillofix it with tape: arréglalo con cintawith luck: consuerte5) despite: a pesar de, aún conwith all his work, the business failed: a pesar de su trabajo, el negocio fracasó6) regarding: con respecto a, conthe trouble with your plan: el problema con su plan7) according to: segúnit varies with the season: varía según la estaciónI'm with you all the way: estoy contigo hasta el finprep.• con prep.• de prep.• en compañía de prep.• según prep.wɪð, wɪθ1)a) ( in the company of) conshe went with him/them/me/you — fue con él/con ellos/conmigo/contigo
go with your sister — ve con tu hermana, acompaña a tu hermana
I'll be with you in a moment — enseguida estoy contigo (or te atiendo etc)
are you with me? — (colloq) ¿entiendes (or entienden etc)?, ¿me sigues (or siguen etc)?
b) (member, employee, client etc of) enare you still with Davis Tools? — ¿sigues en Davis Tools?
c) (in agreement, supporting) con2) ( in descriptions)the shirt is black with white stripes — la camisa es negra a or con rayas blancas
the man with the beard/the red tie — el hombre de barba/corbata roja
a tall woman with long hair — una mujer alta con el pelo largo or de pelo largo
he is married, with three children — está casado y tiene tres hijos
3)a) ( indicating manner) conb) (by means of, using) conc) ( as a result of)4) (where somebody, something is concerned) conthe trouble with Roy is that... — lo que pasa con Roy es que...
what's up with you/him today? — (colloq) ¿qué te/le pasa hoy?
5)a) ( in the same direction as)with the tide/flow — con la marea/corriente
b) ( in accordance with) según6) (after adv, adv phrase)come on, out with it! — vamos, suéltalo!
[wɪð, wɪθ]PREPOSITION When with is part of a set combination, eg good with, pleased with, to agree with, look up the other word. The commonest translation of is. Note that whenever it combines with, or the forms,, are used.1) conI'll be with you in a moment — un momento y estoy con vosotros, en un momento or enseguida estoy con vosotros
down I, 1., 7), off 1., 3), out 1., 1) along {or}3} together with junto conwith the Alcántara it is the biggest ship in or of its class — junto con el Alcántara es el mayor buque de esa clase
to be with sb (=in the company of) estar con algnhe was arrested along or together with four other terrorists — fue detenido junto con otros cuatro terroristas
are you with us or against us? — ¿estás a favor nuestro o en contra?
I'm not with you * — (=able to understand) no te entiendo or sigo
are you with me? * — ¿me entiendes?
to be with it * (=up-to-date) estar al tanto or al día; (=fashionable) [person] estar al tanto de lo que se lleva; [thing] estar de moda; (=mentally alert) estar lúcido or despabiladoit's a problem that will always be with us — es un problema que siempre nos va a afectar, es un problema que no se va a resolver
to get with it * ponerse al díasorry, I'm just not with it today — lo siento, hoy estoy atontado
get with it! — ¡ponte al día!
2) (in descriptions) cona car with the latest features — un coche con las últimas novedades or prestaciones
passengers with tickets — los pasajeros que tienen or con billetes
Note: when the [with] description pinpoints the particular person or thing you are talking about, [with] is usually translated by [de]:you can't speak to the queen with your hat on — no se puede hablar con la reina con el sombrero puesto
3) (indicating manner, means) con... and with these words of advice, he left us —... y tras darnos este consejo nos dejó
with no trouble at all — sin dificultad alguna, sin ninguna dificultad
with that, he closed the door — luego or a continuación, cerró la puerta, luego, cerró la puerta
4) (indicating cause) deto shiver with cold — tiritar or temblar de frío
5) (=as regards) conit's a habit with him — es una costumbre que tiene, es algo típico de él
how are things with you? — ¿qué tal?, ¿cómo te va? (esp LAm), ¿qué hubo? (Mex, Chile)
6) (=owing to) conwith so much happening it was difficult to arrange a date — con todo lo que estaba pasando era difícil acordar una cita
with the approach of winter, trade began to fall off — al acercarse el invierno, el comercio empezó a declinar
7) (=according to) [increase, change, improve] conthe risk of developing heart disease increases with the number of cigarettes smoked — el riesgo de sufrir enfermedades coronarias aumenta con el número de cigarrillos que se fume
8) (=in the house of) conshe stayed with friends — se quedó con or en casa de unos amigos
9) (=working for)he's with IBM — trabaja para or en IBM
10) (=in the care of)to leave sth with sb — dejar algo en manos de algn or con algn
to leave a child with sb — dejar a un niño al cuidado de algn or con algn
11) (=on, about)luckily, she had an umbrella with her — afortunadamente, llevaba (encima) un paraguas
12) (=in the same direction as) conflow 1.I was swimming with the current — nadaba con or a favor de la corriente
13) (=in spite of) con* * *[wɪð, wɪθ]1)a) ( in the company of) conshe went with him/them/me/you — fue con él/con ellos/conmigo/contigo
go with your sister — ve con tu hermana, acompaña a tu hermana
I'll be with you in a moment — enseguida estoy contigo (or te atiendo etc)
are you with me? — (colloq) ¿entiendes (or entienden etc)?, ¿me sigues (or siguen etc)?
b) (member, employee, client etc of) enare you still with Davis Tools? — ¿sigues en Davis Tools?
c) (in agreement, supporting) con2) ( in descriptions)the shirt is black with white stripes — la camisa es negra a or con rayas blancas
the man with the beard/the red tie — el hombre de barba/corbata roja
a tall woman with long hair — una mujer alta con el pelo largo or de pelo largo
he is married, with three children — está casado y tiene tres hijos
3)a) ( indicating manner) conb) (by means of, using) conc) ( as a result of)4) (where somebody, something is concerned) conthe trouble with Roy is that... — lo que pasa con Roy es que...
what's up with you/him today? — (colloq) ¿qué te/le pasa hoy?
5)a) ( in the same direction as)with the tide/flow — con la marea/corriente
b) ( in accordance with) según6) (after adv, adv phrase)come on, out with it! — vamos, suéltalo!
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6 as
æz
1. conjunction1) (when; while: I met John as I was coming home; We'll be able to talk as we go.) cuando; mientras2) (because: As I am leaving tomorrow, I've bought you a present.) como3) (in the same way that: If you are not sure how to behave, do as I do.) como, igual que4) (used to introduce a statement of what the speaker knows or believes to be the case: As you know, I'll be leaving tomorrow.) como5) (though: Old as I am, I can still fight; Much as I want to, I cannot go.) aunque; por mucho que + verbo en subjuntivo6) (used to refer to something which has already been stated and apply it to another person: Tom is English, as are Dick and Harry.) al igual que
2. adverb(used in comparisons, eg the first as in the following example: The bread was as hard as a brick.) tan
3. preposition1) (used in comparisons, eg the second as in the following example: The bread was as hard as a brick.) como2) (like: He was dressed as a woman.) como3) (with certain verbs eg regard, treat, describe, accept: I am regarded by some people as a bit of a fool; He treats the children as adults.) como4) (in the position of: He is greatly respected both as a person and as a politician.) como, en tanto que•- as for- as if / as though
- as to
as1 adv tan / tantoas2 conj1. mientras / cuando2. como / ya queas she wasn't there, I left a message como no estaba, le dejé un mensaje3. comoLiam, as you know, is a singer Liam, como ya sabéis, es cantanteas3 prep como / de
as sustantivo masculino ace
as sustantivo masculino ace Locuciones: as en la manga, ace up one's sleeve 'as' also found in these entries: Spanish: abandonar - abismo - acabada - acabado - acreditar - actuar - además - adjetivar - alguna - alguno - amabilidad - amable - amarrar - ambas - ambicionar - ambos - amén - andanzas - antes - antojo - apadrinar - apellidarse - apenas - aquel - aquél - aquella - aquélla - arreglarse - arte - artífice - asesorar - así - asimismo - atar - aviar - bailar - balsa - bendita - bendito - bien - bloque - bondad - brevedad - broma - buenamente - burra - burro - cachondeo - cada - calcada English: above - acclaim - accomplished - accused - ace - acknowledge - act - action - address - advance - against - ago - aim - all - along - aloud - apprentice - arson - as - asap - assistant - bat - bell - black - bonus - both - by - by-product - capacity - cast - chalk - change - check off - cheer - class - clear - click - cluster - come on - compare - concern - construe - crop up - crow - dammit - date - dead - deaf - decision - decoyastr[æz, ʊnstressed əz]1 como■ as he painted, he whistled mientras pintaba, silbaba■ as I shut the door I realized I'd left the keys inside al cerrar la puerta me di cuenta de que había dejado las llaves dentro2 (because) ya que, como3 (although) aunque■ tall as he was, he still couldn't reach the shelf aunque era alto no podía alcanzar el estante4 (showing manner) como■ as I was saying,... como decía,...■ do as you are told! ¡haz lo que te dicen!■ as you all know,... como ya sabéis todos,...5 (and so too) como, igual que■ she's colour-blind, as is her mother es daltónica, igual que su madre\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLas against frente a, en comparación conas far as hastaas far as I know que yo sepaas far as I'm concerned por lo que a mí respectaas for en cuanto aas if como sias it is tal como están las cosasas it were por así decirloas long as mientrasas of desdeas often as not las más de las vecesas soon as tan pronto comoas though como sias well as además deas yet hasta ahora, de momentoas ['æz] adv1) : tan, tantothis one's not as difficult: éste no es tan difícil2) : comosome trees, as oak and pine: algunos árboles, como el roble y el pinoas conj1) like: como, igual que2) when, while: cuando, mientras, a la vez que3) because: porque4) though: aunque, por más questrange as it may appear: por extraño que parezca5)as is : tal como estáas prep1) : deI met her as a child: la conocí de pequeña2) like: comobehave as a man: compórtate como un hombreas pron: quein the same building as my brother: en el mismo edificio que mi hermanoasadv.• a medida que adv.• como adv.• cual adv.• cuan adv.• tan adv.• ya que adv.conj.• conforme conj.• que conj.• según conj.prep.• por prep.pron.• cual pron.• que pron.
I æz, weak form əz1)a) (when, while) cuandoas she was eating breakfast... — cuando or mientras tomaba el desayuno...
as you go toward the bank, it's the first house on the left — yendo hacia el banco, es la primera casa a mano izquierda
b) ( indicating progression) a medida queas (and when) we need them — a medida que or según los vamos necesitando
2) (because, since) comoas it was getting late, we decided to leave — como se hacía tarde, decidimos irnos
3) ( though)try as he might, he could not open it — por más que trató, no pudo abrirlo
much as I agree with you... — aun estando de acuerdo contigo como estoy...
4)a) (expressing comparison, contrast) igual que, comoin the 1980s, as in the 30s — en la década de los 80, al igual que en la de los 30
b) ( in generalizations) comoit's quite reasonable, as restaurants go — para como están los restaurantes, es bastante razonable
c) ( in accordance with) comothe situation, as we understand it, is... — la situación, tal como nosotros la entendemos, es...
5)a) ( in the way that) comodo as you wish — haz lo que quieras or lo que te parezca
she arrived the next day, as planned/expected — llegó al día siguiente como se había planeado/como se esperaba
use form A or B as appropriate — use el formulario A o B, según corresponda
b) ( defining)it would be the end of civilization as we know it — significaría el fin de la civilización tal y como la conocemos
I'm only interested in the changes as they affect me — sólo me interesan los cambios en la medida en que me afectan a mí
Sri Lanka, or Ceylon, as it used to be known — Sri Lanka, o Ceilán, como se llamaba antes
c) (in phrases)as it is: we can't publish it as it is no podemos publicarlo tal y como está, no podemos publicarlo así como está; we've got too much work as it is ya tenemos demasiado trabajo; as it were por así decirlo; as was: our new president, our secretary as was — el nuevo presidente, ex secretario de nuestra organización
as... as — tan... como
she ran as fast as she could — corrió tan rápido como pudo or lo más deprisa que pudo
7)as if/as though — como si (+ subj)
he acts as if o as though he didn't care — se comporta como si no le importara
he looks as if o as though he's had enough — tiene cara de estar harto
II
1) ( equally)I have lots of stamps, but he has just as many/twice as many — yo tengo muchos sellos, pero él tiene tantos como yo/el doble (que yo)
2)as... as: these animals grow to as much as 12ft long estos animales llegan a medir 12 pies de largo; as recently as 1976 aún en 1976; as many as 400 people hasta 400 personas; as long ago as 1960 — ya en 1960
III
1)a) (in the condition, role of)as a child she adored dancing — de pequeña or cuando era pequeña le encantaba bailar
as a teacher... — como maestro...
b) ( like) como2) (in phrases)as for — en cuanto a, respecto a
and as for you... — y en cuanto a ti..., y en lo que a ti respecta...
as of o (BrE) as from — desde, a partir de
[æz, ǝz] For set combinations in which as is not the first word, eg such... as, the same... as, dressed as, acknowledge as, look up the other word.as to — en cuanto a, respecto a
1. CONJUNCTIONYou can usually use cuando when the as clause simply tells you when an event happened: cuando Alternatively, use [al] + infinitive:he tripped as he was coming out of the bank — tropezó al salir or cuando salía del banco
Translate as using mientras for longer actions which are happening at the same time: (=while) mientrasas the car drew level with us, I realized Isabel was driving — al llegar el coche a nuestra altura or cuando el coche llegó a nuestra altura, me di cuenta de que lo conducía Isabel
In the context of two closely linked actions involving parallel development, translate [as] using [a medida que] or [conforme]. Alternatively, use [según va] {etc} + gerund:as we walked, we talked about the future — mientras caminábamos, hablábamos del futuro
as one gets older, life gets more and more difficult — a medida que se envejece or conforme se envejece or según va uno envejeciendo, la vida se hace cada vez más difícil
When as means "since" or "because", you can generally use como, provided you put it at the beginning of the sentence. Alternatively, use the more formal puesto que either at the beginning of the sentence or between the clauses or ya que especially between the clauses. como; more frm puesto que, ya queas he got older he got deafer — a medida que or conforme envejeció se fue volviendo más sordo, según fue envejeciendo se fue volviendo más sordo
as you're here, I'll tell you — como estás aquí or puesto que estás aquí, te lo diré
he didn't mention it as he didn't want to worry you — como no quería preocuparte, no lo mencionó, no lo mencionó puesto que no quería preocuparte
he couldn't come as he had an appointment — no pudo asistir porque or puesto que or ya que tenía un compromiso
patient as she is, she'll probably put up with it — con lo paciente que es, seguramente lo soportará
3) (describing way, manner) comoknowing him as I do, I'm sure he'll refuse — conociéndolo como lo conozco, estoy seguro de que no aceptará
the village, situated as it is near a motorway,... — el pueblo, situado como está cerca de una autopista,...
as I've said before... — como he dicho antes...
as I was saying... — como iba diciendo...
she is very gifted, as is her brother — tiene mucho talento, al igual que su hermano
•
you'll have it by noon as agreed — lo tendrá antes del mediodía, tal como acordamos•
it's not bad, as hotels go — no está mal, en comparación con otros hoteles•
as in all good detective stories — como en toda buena novela policíaca•
Arsenal are playing as never before! — ¡Arsenal está jugando mejor que nunca!•
as often happens — como suele ocurrir•
he performed brilliantly, as only he can — actuó de maravilla, como solo él sabe hacerlo•
as you were! — (Mil) ¡descansen!4) (=though) aunquetired as he was, he went to the party — aunque estaba cansado, asistió a la fiesta
interesting as the book is, I don't think it will sell very well — el libro es interesante, pero aún así no creo que se venda bien, aunque el libro es interesante, no creo que se venda bien
try as she would or might, she couldn't lift it — por más que se esforzó no pudo levantarlo
as if {or}3} as though como siunlikely as it may seem... — por imposible que parezca...
it was as if or as though he were still alive — era como si estuviera todavía vivo
he looked as if or as though he was ill — parecía como si estuviera enfermo
it isn't as if or as though he were poor — no es que sea pobre, que digamos
as if toas if she knew! — ¡como si ella lo supiera!
as in as it isthe little dog nodded his head, as if to agree — el perrito movió la cabeza, como asintiendo
as it is, it doesn't make much difference — en realidad, casi da lo mismo
as it wereas it is we can do nothing — en la práctica or tal y como están las cosas no podemos hacer nada
I'd understood the words, but I hadn't understood the question, as it were — había entendido las palabras, pero no había comprendido la pregunta, por así decirlo
I have become, as it were, two people — me he convertido como en dos personas
as washe was as it were tired and emotional — estaba de alguna forma cansado y con los nervios a flor de piel
that's the headmistress, the deputy as was — esa es la directora, que antes era la subdirectora
2. PREPOSITION1) (=while)2) (=in the capacity of) comoI don't think much of him as an actor — como actor, no me gusta mucho
such 3.Gibson as Hamlet — (Theat) Gibson en el papel de Hamlet
3. ADVERBas... as tan... comoshe hit him as hard as she could — lo golpeó lo más fuerte que pudo, lo golpeó tan fuerte como pudo
she doesn't walk as quickly or as fast as me — no camina tan rápido como yo
walk as quickly or as fast as you can — camina lo más rápido que puedas
is it as far as that? — ¿tan lejos está?
as little as as many... as tantos(-as)... comois it as big as all that? — ¿es de verdad tan grande?
as muchI've got a lot of tapes but I haven't got as many as him or as he has — tengo muchas cintas, pero no tantas como él
as much... as tanto(-a)... comoshe thought he was an idiot, and said as much — pensaba que era un idiota, y así lo expresó
you spend as much as me or as I do — tú gastas tanto como yo
as one half/twice/three times as... without as {or}3} so much asit can cost as much as $2,000 — puede llegar a costar 2.000 dólares
as forshe gave me back the book without as much as an apology — me devolvió el libro sin pedirme siquiera una disculpa
as for the children, they were exhausted — en cuanto a los niños, estaban rendidos, los niños, por su parte, estaban rendidos
as from as ofas for that... — en cuanto a esto...
as toas of yesterday/now — a partir de ayer/ahora
as to that I can't say — en lo que a eso se refiere, no lo sé
as yet hasta ahora, hasta el momento; regard 2., 4)as to her mother... — en cuanto a su madre...
* * *
I [æz], weak form [əz]1)a) (when, while) cuandoas she was eating breakfast... — cuando or mientras tomaba el desayuno...
as you go toward the bank, it's the first house on the left — yendo hacia el banco, es la primera casa a mano izquierda
b) ( indicating progression) a medida queas (and when) we need them — a medida que or según los vamos necesitando
2) (because, since) comoas it was getting late, we decided to leave — como se hacía tarde, decidimos irnos
3) ( though)try as he might, he could not open it — por más que trató, no pudo abrirlo
much as I agree with you... — aun estando de acuerdo contigo como estoy...
4)a) (expressing comparison, contrast) igual que, comoin the 1980s, as in the 30s — en la década de los 80, al igual que en la de los 30
b) ( in generalizations) comoit's quite reasonable, as restaurants go — para como están los restaurantes, es bastante razonable
c) ( in accordance with) comothe situation, as we understand it, is... — la situación, tal como nosotros la entendemos, es...
5)a) ( in the way that) comodo as you wish — haz lo que quieras or lo que te parezca
she arrived the next day, as planned/expected — llegó al día siguiente como se había planeado/como se esperaba
use form A or B as appropriate — use el formulario A o B, según corresponda
b) ( defining)it would be the end of civilization as we know it — significaría el fin de la civilización tal y como la conocemos
I'm only interested in the changes as they affect me — sólo me interesan los cambios en la medida en que me afectan a mí
Sri Lanka, or Ceylon, as it used to be known — Sri Lanka, o Ceilán, como se llamaba antes
c) (in phrases)as it is: we can't publish it as it is no podemos publicarlo tal y como está, no podemos publicarlo así como está; we've got too much work as it is ya tenemos demasiado trabajo; as it were por así decirlo; as was: our new president, our secretary as was — el nuevo presidente, ex secretario de nuestra organización
as... as — tan... como
she ran as fast as she could — corrió tan rápido como pudo or lo más deprisa que pudo
7)as if/as though — como si (+ subj)
he acts as if o as though he didn't care — se comporta como si no le importara
he looks as if o as though he's had enough — tiene cara de estar harto
II
1) ( equally)I have lots of stamps, but he has just as many/twice as many — yo tengo muchos sellos, pero él tiene tantos como yo/el doble (que yo)
2)as... as: these animals grow to as much as 12ft long estos animales llegan a medir 12 pies de largo; as recently as 1976 aún en 1976; as many as 400 people hasta 400 personas; as long ago as 1960 — ya en 1960
III
1)a) (in the condition, role of)as a child she adored dancing — de pequeña or cuando era pequeña le encantaba bailar
as a teacher... — como maestro...
b) ( like) como2) (in phrases)as for — en cuanto a, respecto a
and as for you... — y en cuanto a ti..., y en lo que a ti respecta...
as of o (BrE) as from — desde, a partir de
as to — en cuanto a, respecto a
-
7 AS
æz
1. conjunction1) (when; while: I met John as I was coming home; We'll be able to talk as we go.) cuando; mientras2) (because: As I am leaving tomorrow, I've bought you a present.) como3) (in the same way that: If you are not sure how to behave, do as I do.) como, igual que4) (used to introduce a statement of what the speaker knows or believes to be the case: As you know, I'll be leaving tomorrow.) como5) (though: Old as I am, I can still fight; Much as I want to, I cannot go.) aunque; por mucho que + verbo en subjuntivo6) (used to refer to something which has already been stated and apply it to another person: Tom is English, as are Dick and Harry.) al igual que
2. adverb(used in comparisons, eg the first as in the following example: The bread was as hard as a brick.) tan
3. preposition1) (used in comparisons, eg the second as in the following example: The bread was as hard as a brick.) como2) (like: He was dressed as a woman.) como3) (with certain verbs eg regard, treat, describe, accept: I am regarded by some people as a bit of a fool; He treats the children as adults.) como4) (in the position of: He is greatly respected both as a person and as a politician.) como, en tanto que•- as for- as if / as though
- as to
as1 adv tan / tantoas2 conj1. mientras / cuando2. como / ya queas she wasn't there, I left a message como no estaba, le dejé un mensaje3. comoLiam, as you know, is a singer Liam, como ya sabéis, es cantanteas3 prep como / de
as sustantivo masculino ace
as sustantivo masculino ace Locuciones: as en la manga, ace up one's sleeve 'as' also found in these entries: Spanish: abandonar - abismo - acabada - acabado - acreditar - actuar - además - adjetivar - alguna - alguno - amabilidad - amable - amarrar - ambas - ambicionar - ambos - amén - andanzas - antes - antojo - apadrinar - apellidarse - apenas - aquel - aquél - aquella - aquélla - arreglarse - arte - artífice - asesorar - así - asimismo - atar - aviar - bailar - balsa - bendita - bendito - bien - bloque - bondad - brevedad - broma - buenamente - burra - burro - cachondeo - cada - calcada English: above - acclaim - accomplished - accused - ace - acknowledge - act - action - address - advance - against - ago - aim - all - along - aloud - apprentice - arson - as - asap - assistant - bat - bell - black - bonus - both - by - by-product - capacity - cast - chalk - change - check off - cheer - class - clear - click - cluster - come on - compare - concern - construe - crop up - crow - dammit - date - dead - deaf - decision - decoyastr[æz, ʊnstressed əz]1 como■ as he painted, he whistled mientras pintaba, silbaba■ as I shut the door I realized I'd left the keys inside al cerrar la puerta me di cuenta de que había dejado las llaves dentro2 (because) ya que, como3 (although) aunque■ tall as he was, he still couldn't reach the shelf aunque era alto no podía alcanzar el estante4 (showing manner) como■ as I was saying,... como decía,...■ do as you are told! ¡haz lo que te dicen!■ as you all know,... como ya sabéis todos,...5 (and so too) como, igual que■ she's colour-blind, as is her mother es daltónica, igual que su madre\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLas against frente a, en comparación conas far as hastaas far as I know que yo sepaas far as I'm concerned por lo que a mí respectaas for en cuanto aas if como sias it is tal como están las cosasas it were por así decirloas long as mientrasas of desdeas often as not las más de las vecesas soon as tan pronto comoas though como sias well as además deas yet hasta ahora, de momentoas ['æz] adv1) : tan, tantothis one's not as difficult: éste no es tan difícil2) : comosome trees, as oak and pine: algunos árboles, como el roble y el pinoas conj1) like: como, igual que2) when, while: cuando, mientras, a la vez que3) because: porque4) though: aunque, por más questrange as it may appear: por extraño que parezca5)as is : tal como estáas prep1) : deI met her as a child: la conocí de pequeña2) like: comobehave as a man: compórtate como un hombreas pron: quein the same building as my brother: en el mismo edificio que mi hermanoasadv.• a medida que adv.• como adv.• cual adv.• cuan adv.• tan adv.• ya que adv.conj.• conforme conj.• que conj.• según conj.prep.• por prep.pron.• cual pron.• que pron.
I æz, weak form əz1)a) (when, while) cuandoas she was eating breakfast... — cuando or mientras tomaba el desayuno...
as you go toward the bank, it's the first house on the left — yendo hacia el banco, es la primera casa a mano izquierda
b) ( indicating progression) a medida queas (and when) we need them — a medida que or según los vamos necesitando
2) (because, since) comoas it was getting late, we decided to leave — como se hacía tarde, decidimos irnos
3) ( though)try as he might, he could not open it — por más que trató, no pudo abrirlo
much as I agree with you... — aun estando de acuerdo contigo como estoy...
4)a) (expressing comparison, contrast) igual que, comoin the 1980s, as in the 30s — en la década de los 80, al igual que en la de los 30
b) ( in generalizations) comoit's quite reasonable, as restaurants go — para como están los restaurantes, es bastante razonable
c) ( in accordance with) comothe situation, as we understand it, is... — la situación, tal como nosotros la entendemos, es...
5)a) ( in the way that) comodo as you wish — haz lo que quieras or lo que te parezca
she arrived the next day, as planned/expected — llegó al día siguiente como se había planeado/como se esperaba
use form A or B as appropriate — use el formulario A o B, según corresponda
b) ( defining)it would be the end of civilization as we know it — significaría el fin de la civilización tal y como la conocemos
I'm only interested in the changes as they affect me — sólo me interesan los cambios en la medida en que me afectan a mí
Sri Lanka, or Ceylon, as it used to be known — Sri Lanka, o Ceilán, como se llamaba antes
c) (in phrases)as it is: we can't publish it as it is no podemos publicarlo tal y como está, no podemos publicarlo así como está; we've got too much work as it is ya tenemos demasiado trabajo; as it were por así decirlo; as was: our new president, our secretary as was — el nuevo presidente, ex secretario de nuestra organización
as... as — tan... como
she ran as fast as she could — corrió tan rápido como pudo or lo más deprisa que pudo
7)as if/as though — como si (+ subj)
he acts as if o as though he didn't care — se comporta como si no le importara
he looks as if o as though he's had enough — tiene cara de estar harto
II
1) ( equally)I have lots of stamps, but he has just as many/twice as many — yo tengo muchos sellos, pero él tiene tantos como yo/el doble (que yo)
2)as... as: these animals grow to as much as 12ft long estos animales llegan a medir 12 pies de largo; as recently as 1976 aún en 1976; as many as 400 people hasta 400 personas; as long ago as 1960 — ya en 1960
III
1)a) (in the condition, role of)as a child she adored dancing — de pequeña or cuando era pequeña le encantaba bailar
as a teacher... — como maestro...
b) ( like) como2) (in phrases)as for — en cuanto a, respecto a
and as for you... — y en cuanto a ti..., y en lo que a ti respecta...
as of o (BrE) as from — desde, a partir de
as to — en cuanto a, respecto a
ABBR(US)1) = Associate in Sciences2) = American Samoa* * *
I [æz], weak form [əz]1)a) (when, while) cuandoas she was eating breakfast... — cuando or mientras tomaba el desayuno...
as you go toward the bank, it's the first house on the left — yendo hacia el banco, es la primera casa a mano izquierda
b) ( indicating progression) a medida queas (and when) we need them — a medida que or según los vamos necesitando
2) (because, since) comoas it was getting late, we decided to leave — como se hacía tarde, decidimos irnos
3) ( though)try as he might, he could not open it — por más que trató, no pudo abrirlo
much as I agree with you... — aun estando de acuerdo contigo como estoy...
4)a) (expressing comparison, contrast) igual que, comoin the 1980s, as in the 30s — en la década de los 80, al igual que en la de los 30
b) ( in generalizations) comoit's quite reasonable, as restaurants go — para como están los restaurantes, es bastante razonable
c) ( in accordance with) comothe situation, as we understand it, is... — la situación, tal como nosotros la entendemos, es...
5)a) ( in the way that) comodo as you wish — haz lo que quieras or lo que te parezca
she arrived the next day, as planned/expected — llegó al día siguiente como se había planeado/como se esperaba
use form A or B as appropriate — use el formulario A o B, según corresponda
b) ( defining)it would be the end of civilization as we know it — significaría el fin de la civilización tal y como la conocemos
I'm only interested in the changes as they affect me — sólo me interesan los cambios en la medida en que me afectan a mí
Sri Lanka, or Ceylon, as it used to be known — Sri Lanka, o Ceilán, como se llamaba antes
c) (in phrases)as it is: we can't publish it as it is no podemos publicarlo tal y como está, no podemos publicarlo así como está; we've got too much work as it is ya tenemos demasiado trabajo; as it were por así decirlo; as was: our new president, our secretary as was — el nuevo presidente, ex secretario de nuestra organización
as... as — tan... como
she ran as fast as she could — corrió tan rápido como pudo or lo más deprisa que pudo
7)as if/as though — como si (+ subj)
he acts as if o as though he didn't care — se comporta como si no le importara
he looks as if o as though he's had enough — tiene cara de estar harto
II
1) ( equally)I have lots of stamps, but he has just as many/twice as many — yo tengo muchos sellos, pero él tiene tantos como yo/el doble (que yo)
2)as... as: these animals grow to as much as 12ft long estos animales llegan a medir 12 pies de largo; as recently as 1976 aún en 1976; as many as 400 people hasta 400 personas; as long ago as 1960 — ya en 1960
III
1)a) (in the condition, role of)as a child she adored dancing — de pequeña or cuando era pequeña le encantaba bailar
as a teacher... — como maestro...
b) ( like) como2) (in phrases)as for — en cuanto a, respecto a
and as for you... — y en cuanto a ti..., y en lo que a ti respecta...
as of o (BrE) as from — desde, a partir de
as to — en cuanto a, respecto a
-
8 before
bi'fo:
1. preposition1) (earlier than: before the war; He'll come before very long.) antes (de)2) (in front of: She was before me in the queue.) delante (de), antes (de/que)3) (rather than: Honour before wealth.) antes que
2. adverb(earlier: I've seen you before.) antes
3. conjunction(earlier than the time when: Before I go, I must phone my parents.) antes (de que)before1 adv1. anterior2. anteshas this ever happened before? ¿es la primera vez que pasa esto?3. yabefore2 conj antes de que / antes debefore3 prep1. antes dethe day before yesterday anteayer / antes de ayer2. delante detr[bɪ'fɔːSMALLr/SMALL]1 (earlier) antes de3 (rather than) antes que4 (ahead) por delante5 (first) primero1 (earlier than) antes de + inf, antes de que + subj2 (rather than) antes de + inf■ he would starve before he asked them for money preferiría morir de hambre antes de pedirles dinero1 (earlier) antes2 (previous) anterior3 (already) ya4 (position) delante, por delante\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLas never before como nuncaBefore Christ antes de Cristobefore God ante Diosbefore long dentro de pocolong before mucho antes denot long before poco antes depride comes before a fall un exceso de orgullo conduce a la caídato put the cart before the horse empezar la casa por el tejadothe one before el anterior, la anteriorbefore [bɪ'for] adv1) : antesbefore and after: antes y después2) : anteriorthe month before: el mes anteriorbefore conj: antes quehe would die before surrendering: moriría antes que rendirsebefore prep1) : antes debefore eating: antes de comer2) : delante de, anteI stood before the house: estaba parada delante de la casabefore the judge: ante el juezadv.• antes adv.• delante adv.conj.• antes de que conj.prep.• ante prep.• antes de prep.• delante de prep.
I bɪ'fɔːr, bɪ'fɔː(r)1) ( preceding in time) antes de2)a) ( in front of) delante de, ante (frml)b) (in rank, priority)
II
a) ( earlier than) antes de que (+ subj), antes de (+ inf)b) ( rather than) antes queshe would die before... — prefería morir antes que...
III
the day/year before — el día/año anterior
have you been to Canada before? — ¿ya has estado en el Canadá?
[bɪ'fɔː(r)] When before is an element in a phrasal verb, eg come before, go before, look up the verb.not that page, the one before — esa página no, la anterior
1. PREP1) (in time, order, rank) antes debefore long — (in future) antes de poco; (in past) poco después
before going, would you... — antes de marcharte, quieres...
income before tax — renta f bruta or antes de impuestos
profits before tax — beneficios mpl preimpositivos
2) (in place) delante de; (=in the presence of) ante, delante de, en presencia de3) (=facing)the question before us — (in meeting) el asunto que tenemos que discutir
the problem before us is... — el problema que se nos plantea es...
4) (=rather than)death before dishonour! — ¡antes la muerte que el deshonor!
2. ADV1) (time) antesbefore, it used to be different — antes, todo era distinto
2) (place, order) delante, adelante3.CONJ (time) antes de que; (rather than) antes queBEFORE
Time
Adverb ► When bef ore is an {adverb}, you can usually translate it using antes:
Why didn't you say so before? ¿Por qué no lo has dicho antes?
I had spoken to her before Había hablado con ella antes ► But the bef ore in never before and ever before is often not translated:
I've never been to Spain before Nunca he estado en España
I had never been to a police station before Nunca había estado (antes) en una comisaría
It's not true that the working class is earning more money than ever before No es cierto que la clase obrera gane más dinero que nunca ► The day/night/ week {etc} before should usually be translated using el día/la noche/ la semana {etc} anterior:
The night before, he had gone to a rock concert La noche anterior había ido a un concierto de rock ► In more formal contexts, where bef ore could be substituted by previously, anteriormente is another option:
As I said before... Como he dicho antes or anteriormente... ► When bef ore is equivalent to already, translate using ya ( antes) or, in questions about whether someone has done what they are doing now before, using ¿es la primera vez que...?:
"How about watching this film?" - "Actually, I've seen it before" -¿Vemos esa película? -Es que ya la he visto
I had been to Glasgow a couple of times before Ya había estado (antes) en Glasgow un par de veces
Have you been to Spain before? ¿Has estado ya en España? or ¿Es la primera vez que vienes a España? ► Translate ((period of time)) + bef ore using hacía + ((period of time)):
They had married nearly 40 years before Se habían casado hacía casi 40 años NOTE: H acía i s invariable in this sense.
Preposition ► When bef ore is a {preposition}, you can usually translate it using antes de:
Please ring before seven Por favor, llama antes de las siete
Shall we go for a walk before dinner? ¿Nos vamos a dar un paseo antes de cenar? ► But use ant es que with names of people and personal pronouns when they stand in for a verb:
If you get there before me or before I do, wait for me in the bar Si llegas antes que yo, espérame en el bar ► Translate bef ore + ((-ing)) using antes de + ((infinitive)):
He said goodbye to the children before leaving Se despidió de los niños antes de irse
Conjunction ► When bef ore is a {conjunction}, you can usually translate it using antes de que + ((subjunctive)):
I'll ask Peter about it before he goes away on holiday Se lo preguntaré a Peter antes de que se vaya de vacaciones
We reached home before the storm broke Llegamos a casa antes de que empezara la tormenta ► If the subject of both clauses is the same, ant es de + ((infinitive)) is usually used rather than antes de que:
Give me a ring before you leave the office Llámame antes de salir de la oficina This construction is also sometimes used in colloquial Spanish when the subjects are different:
Before you arrived she was very depressed Antes de llegar tú, estaba muy deprimida For further uses and examples, see main entry* * *
I [bɪ'fɔːr, bɪ'fɔː(r)]1) ( preceding in time) antes de2)a) ( in front of) delante de, ante (frml)b) (in rank, priority)
II
a) ( earlier than) antes de que (+ subj), antes de (+ inf)b) ( rather than) antes queshe would die before... — prefería morir antes que...
III
the day/year before — el día/año anterior
have you been to Canada before? — ¿ya has estado en el Canadá?
not that page, the one before — esa página no, la anterior
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9 her
hə:
1. pronoun((used as the object of a verb or preposition) a female person or animal already spoken about: I'll ask my mother when I see her; He came with her.) la (complemento directo); le, se (complemento indirecto); ella (con una preposición)
2. adjective(belonging to such a person or animal: My mother bought the neighbour's car, so it's her car now; a cat and her kittens.) su, sus (de ella)- hers- herself
her1 adj su / susher2 pron1. la / le2. ellatr[hɜːSMALLr/SMALL]1 (direct object) la3 (after preposition) ella4 familiar (as subject) ella■ listen, that's her! ¡escucha, es ella!1 su, sus (emphatic) de ellaher ['hər] adj: su, sus, de ellaher house: su casa, la casa de ellaher ['hər, ər] pronI saw her yesterday: la vi ayerhe gave her the book: le dio el librohe sent it to her: se lo mandówe did it for her: lo hicimos por ellataller than her: más alto que ellaadj.• su adj.pron.• consigo pron.• ella pron.• la pron.• le pron.pron.• le pron.
I hɜːr, hɜː(r), weak form ər, ə(r)1)a) ( as direct object) lab) ( as indirect object) le; ( with direct object pronoun present) sec) ( after preposition) ellawith/for her — con/para ella
2) ( emphatic use) ella3) ( for herself) (AmE colloq or dial)
II
adjective (sing) su; (pl) sus[hɜː(r)]1. PRON1) (=direct object) lalook at her! — ¡mírala!
2) (=indirect object) le; (combined with direct object pron) seyes of course I gave her the book — sí, claro que le di el libro
yes of course I gave them to her — sí, claro que se los di
I gave the book to her not Peter — le di el libro a ella, no a Peter
I'm speaking to her not you — le estoy hablando a ella, no a ti
I gave it to her not Peter — se lo di a ella, no a Peter
3) (after prep, in comparisons, with verb "to be") ellayounger than her — más joven or menor que ella
2.POSS ADJ (with singular noun) su; (with plural noun) susher book/table — su libro/mesa
* * *
I [hɜːr, hɜː(r)], weak form [ər, ə(r)]1)a) ( as direct object) lab) ( as indirect object) le; ( with direct object pronoun present) sec) ( after preposition) ellawith/for her — con/para ella
2) ( emphatic use) ella3) ( for herself) (AmE colloq or dial)
II
adjective (sing) su; (pl) sus -
10 of
əv1) (belonging to: a friend of mine.) de2) (away from (a place etc); after (a given time): within five miles of London; within a year of his death.) de3) (written etc by: the plays of Shakespeare.) de4) (belonging to or forming a group: He is one of my friends.) de5) (showing: a picture of my father.) de6) (made from; consisting of: a dress of silk; a collection of pictures.) de7) (used to show an amount, measurement of something: a gallon of petrol; five bags of coal.) de8) (about: an account of his work.) de9) (containing: a box of chocolates.) de10) (used to show a cause: She died of hunger.) de11) (used to show a loss or removal: She was robbed of her jewels.) de12) (used to show the connection between an action and its object: the smoking of a cigarette.) de13) (used to show character, qualities etc: a man of courage.) de14) ((American) (of time) a certain number of minutes before (the hour): It's ten minutes of three.) menosof prep1. de2.oftr[ɒv, ʊnstressed əv]1 (belonging to) de2 (made from) de3 (containing) de4 (showing a part, a quantity) de5 (partitive use) de6 (dates, distance) de7 (apposition) de8 (by) de9 (originating from, living in) de10 (depicting) de11 (cause) de12 (connected with) de13 (with, having) de14 (description) de15 (after superlative) deof ['ʌv, 'ɑv] prep1) from: dea man of the city: un hombre de la ciudada woman of great ability: una mujer de gran capacidadhe died of the flu: murió de la gripe4) by: dethe works of Shakespeare: las obras de Shakespeare5) (indicating contents, material, or quantity) : dea house of wood: una casa de maderaa glass of water: un vaso de aguathe front of the house: el frente de la casa7) about: sobre, detales of the West: los cuentos del Oestethe city of Caracas: la ciudad de Caracas9) for: por, alove of country: amor por la patriafive minutes of ten: las diez menos cincothe eighth of April: el ocho de abrilofprep.• de prep.• menos prep.ɑːv, ɒv, weak form əv1) (indicating relationship, material, content) deit's made of wood — es de madera, está hecho de madera
a colleague of mine/his — un colega mío/suyo
2) ( descriptive use)3)a) ( partitive use)b) ( with superl) de4)a) ( indicating date) deb) ( indicating time)it's ten (minutes) of five — (AmE) son las cinco menos diez, son diez para las cinco (AmL exc RPl)
it's a quarter of five — (AmE) son las cinco menos cuarto, son un cuarto para las cinco (AmL exc RPl)
Jane, his wife of six months... — Jane, con la que lleva/llevaba casado seis meses...
5) ( on the part of)6) ( inherent in)the senselessness of it all, that's what depresses me — es lo absurdo de todo el asunto lo que me deprime
7) ( indicating cause)what did he die of? — ¿de qué murió?
[ɒv, ǝv]PREP1) (indicating possession) deit's no business of yours — aquí no te metas, no tienes que ver con esto
2) (objective genitive) a, hacia3) (partitive etc) dehow much of this do you need? — ¿cuánto necesitas de eso?
of the 12, two were bad — de los 12, dos estaban pasados
most of all — sobre todo, más que nada
4) (indicating cause) por, de5) (agent)6) (indicating material) demade of steel/paper — hecho de acero/papel
7) (descriptive) dea tragedy of her own making — una tragedia que ella misma había labrado, una tragedia de su propia cosecha
8) (=concerning) dewhat do you think of him? — ¿qué piensas de él?
what of it? — ¿y a ti qué (te) importa?, ¿y qué?
9) (indicating deprivation, riddance)it's a quarter of six — (US) son las seis menos cuarto, falta un cuarto para las seis (LAm)
he died of a Friday — frm murió un viernes
to judge of sth — juzgar algo, opinar sobre algo
he was robbed of his watch — le robaron el reloj, se le robó el reloj
* * *[ɑːv, ɒv], weak form [əv]1) (indicating relationship, material, content) deit's made of wood — es de madera, está hecho de madera
a colleague of mine/his — un colega mío/suyo
2) ( descriptive use)3)a) ( partitive use)b) ( with superl) de4)a) ( indicating date) deb) ( indicating time)it's ten (minutes) of five — (AmE) son las cinco menos diez, son diez para las cinco (AmL exc RPl)
it's a quarter of five — (AmE) son las cinco menos cuarto, son un cuarto para las cinco (AmL exc RPl)
Jane, his wife of six months... — Jane, con la que lleva/llevaba casado seis meses...
5) ( on the part of)6) ( inherent in)the senselessness of it all, that's what depresses me — es lo absurdo de todo el asunto lo que me deprime
7) ( indicating cause)what did he die of? — ¿de qué murió?
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11 them
ðəm, ðem1) (people, animals, things etc already spoken about, being pointed out etc: Let's invite them to dinner; What will you do with them?) los, las (complemento directo); les (complemento indirecto); ellos, ellas (con preposición)2) (used instead of him, him or her etc where a person of unknown sex or people of both sexes are referred to: If anyone touches that, I'll hit them.) le, la•them pron1. los / las / les2. ellos / ellaswhy don't you go with them? ¿por qué no te vas con ellos?tr[ðem, ʊnstressed ðəm]■ the Smiths are coming, do you know them? vienen los Smith, ¿los conoces?2 (with preposition, stressed) ellos, ellas3 familiar (used with singular meaning) lo, la, le■ if anyone arrives, tell them to wait si llega alguien, dile que espere\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLthem and us ellos y nosotrosthem ['ðɛm] pronI know them: los conozcoI sent them a letter: les mandé una cartagive it to them: dáselo (a ellos)go with them: ve con ellosI wasn't expecting them: no los esperaba a ellospron.• ellos pron.• les pron.pron.• les pron.ðem, weak form ðəm1)a) ( as direct object) los, las; ( referring to people) los or (Esp tb) les, laswhere did you buy them? — ¿dónde los/las compraste?
he has two sons, do you know them? — tiene dos hijos ¿los or (Esp tb) les conoces?
b) ( as indirect object) les; ( with direct object pronoun present) sec) ( after preposition) ellos, ellasfor/with them — para/con ellos/ellas
2) ( emphatic use) ellos, ellas3) ( indefinite person)there's someone at the door, shall I show them in? — hay alguien en la puerta ¿lo hago pasar?
if anyone calls, tell them that... — si llama alguien, dile que...
4) ( for themselves) (AmE colloq or dial) se[ðem, ðǝm]PRON1) (direct object) los(-las)look at them! — ¡míralos!
yes, of course I gave them the book — sí, claro que les di el libro
yes, of course I gave it to them — sí, claro que se lo di
I gave the money to them, not their parents — les di el dinero a ellos, no a sus padres
I'm giving it to them not you — se lo doy a ellos, no a ti
give it to them, not me — dáselo a ellos, no a mí
3) (after prepositions, in comparisons, with verb "to be") ellos(-ellas)my sisters didn't go, my mother stayed with them — mis hermanas no fueron, mi madre se quedó con ellas
that's them, they're coming now — son ellos, ya vienen
4) (referring back to "someone", "anyone" etc: direct object) lo or (Sp) le(-la); (indirect object) leif anyone tries to talk to you, ignore them — si alguien trata de hablar contigo, no le hagas caso
* * *[ðem], weak form [ðəm]1)a) ( as direct object) los, las; ( referring to people) los or (Esp tb) les, laswhere did you buy them? — ¿dónde los/las compraste?
he has two sons, do you know them? — tiene dos hijos ¿los or (Esp tb) les conoces?
b) ( as indirect object) les; ( with direct object pronoun present) sec) ( after preposition) ellos, ellasfor/with them — para/con ellos/ellas
2) ( emphatic use) ellos, ellas3) ( indefinite person)there's someone at the door, shall I show them in? — hay alguien en la puerta ¿lo hago pasar?
if anyone calls, tell them that... — si llama alguien, dile que...
4) ( for themselves) (AmE colloq or dial) se -
12 but
1. conjunction(used to show a contrast between two or more things: John was there, but Peter was not.) pero
2. preposition(except (for): no-one but me; the next road but one.) exceptobut1 conj1. peroI'd like to come to the party, but I can't me gustaría ir a la fiesta, pero no puedo2. sinothe party's not on Saturday, but on Sunday la fiesta no es el sábado, sino el domingobut2 prep salvo / excepto / menostr[bʌt]1 pero■ it's cold, but dry hace frío, pero no llueve■ I'd like to, but I can't me gustaría, pero no puedo2 (after negative) sino■ not two, but three no dos, sino tres3 (after negative with verb) sino que■ she told him not to wait, but to go home le dijo que no se esperara, sino que se fuera para casa1 (nada) más que, no... sino, solamente, sólo,1 excepto, salvo, menos1 pero\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLbut for de no ser por, si no fuera por■ but for him, we would have failed de no ser por él, habríamos fracasadohad I but «+ pp»... si lo + imperf subj...there is nothing for it but to «+ inf» no hay más remedio que + infthe last but one el/la penúltimo,-abut ['bʌt] conj1) that: quethere is no doubt but he is lazy: no cabe duda que sea perezoso2) without: sin que3) nevertheless: pero, no obstante, sin embargoI called her but she didn't answer: la llamé pero no contestó4) yet: perohe was poor but proud: era pobre pero orgullosobut prepexcept: excepto, menoseveryone but Carlos: todos menos Carlosthe last but one: el penúltimoadv.• pero adv.• sino adv.• solamente adv.conj.• ahora conj.• empero conj.• mas conj.• pero conj.• sino conj.n.• objeción s.f.• pero s.m.prep.• excepto prep.
I bʌt, weak form bət1)a) ( however) peroshe was fired, but they were not — la despidieron a ella pero no a ellos
everybody, but everybody knows that — eso no hay nadie que no lo sepa
you're really bugging me but good! — (AmE colloq) qué manera de darme la lata! (fam)
b) ( used for introductory emphasis) perobut what made you say it? — ¿pero por qué lo dijiste?
surely he doesn't believe that? - oh, but he does! — no puede ser que se crea eso - pues sí que se lo cree
c)but then — (as linker) (however, still) pero; ( in that case) pero entonces
but then you never were very ambitious, were you? — pero la verdad es que tú nunca fuiste muy ambicioso ¿no?
I don't want to, but then again I do — no quiero, pero a la vez or al mismo tiempo sí quiero
2)not... but... — no... sino...
it appears that she's not Greek but Albanian — parece que no es griega, sino albanesa
not only did she hit him, but she also... — no sólo le pegó, sino que también...
II
a) ( except)everyone but me — todos menos or excepto or salvo yo
the next street but one — la próxima calle no: la siguiente
there's nothing we can do but wait — no podemos hacer otra cosa sino esperar, lo único que podemos hacer es esperar
b)but for: but for them, we'd have lost everything — de no haber sido or si no hubiera sido por ellos, habríamos perdido todo
III
adverb (frml)
IV bʌtnoun pero m[bʌt]no buts: come here at once! — no hay pero que valga, ven aquí inmediatamente!
1. CONJ1) (contrasting) peroI want to go but I can't afford it — quiero ir, pero no tengo el dinero
but it does move! — ¡pero sí se mueve!
2) (in direct contradiction) sino•
he's not Spanish but Italian — no es español sino italiano•
we never go out but it rains — nunca salimos sin que llueva4) (as linker)•
but then he couldn't have known — por otro lado, no podía saber or haberlo sabidobut then you must be my cousin! — ¡entonces tú debes ser mi primo!
2.ADV (=only) solo, sólo, solamente; (=no more than) no más queIn the past the standard spelling for solo as an adverb was with an accent (sólo). Nowadays the Real Academia Española advises that the accented form is only required where there might otherwise be confusion with the adjective solo.
if I could but speak to him — si solamente or solo pudiese hablar con él
•
you can but try — con intentar no se pierde nada•
all but naked — casi desnudo•
had I but known — de haberlo sabido (yo), si lo hubiera sabido3.PREP (=except) menos, excepto, salvo•
anything but that — cualquier cosa menos eso•
everyone but him — todos menos él•
but for you — si no fuera por ti•
the last but one — el/la penúltimo(-a)•
there is nothing for it but to pay up — no hay más remedio que pagar•
who but she could have said something like that? — ¿quién sino ella podría haber dicho semejante cosa?4.N pero m, objeción f•
no buts about it! — ¡no hay pero que valga!BUT There are three main ways of translating the conjunction but: pero, sino and sino que.come on, no buts, off to bed with you! — ¡vale ya! no hay pero que valga, ¡a la cama!
Contrasting
► To introduce a contrast or a new idea, use pero:
Strange but interesting Extraño pero interesante
I thought he would help me but he refused Creí que me ayudaría, pero se negó ► In informal language, pero can be used at the start of a comment:
But where are you going to put it? Pero ¿dónde lo vas a poner? NOTE: In formal language, s in embargo or no obstante may be preferred:
But, in spite of the likely benefits, he still opposed the idea Sin embargo or No obstante, a pesar de las probables ventajas, todavía se oponía a la idea
Correcting a previous negative
► When but or but rather introduces a noun phrase, prepositional phrase or verb in the infinitive which corrects a previous negative, translate but using sino:
Not wine, but vinegar No vino, sino vinagre
They aren't from Seville, but from Bilbao No son de Sevilla, sino de Bilbao
His trip to London was not to investigate the case but to hush it up Su viaje a Londres no fue para investigar el caso sino para taparlo ► When but or but rather introduces a verb clause (or requires a verb clause in Spanish) which corrects a previous negative, translate using sino que:
He's not asking you to do what he says but (rather) to listen to him No te pide que hagas lo que él dice, sino que le escuches
Not only... but also
► When the but also part of this construction contains ((subject)) + ((verb)), translate using no solo or no sólo or no solamente... sino que también or sino que además:
It will not only cause tension, but it will also damage the economy No solo or No sólo or No solamente provocará tensiones, sino que además or sino que también dañará la economía ► When the but also part does not contain ((subject)) + ((verb)), translate using no solo or no sólo or no solamente... sino también or sino además:
Not only rich but also powerful No solo or No sólo or No solamente rico sino también or sino además poderoso
We don't only want to negotiate but also to take decisions No queremos solo or sóloor solamente negociar, sino también tomar decisiones For further uses and examples, see main entry* * *
I [bʌt], weak form [bət]1)a) ( however) peroshe was fired, but they were not — la despidieron a ella pero no a ellos
everybody, but everybody knows that — eso no hay nadie que no lo sepa
you're really bugging me but good! — (AmE colloq) qué manera de darme la lata! (fam)
b) ( used for introductory emphasis) perobut what made you say it? — ¿pero por qué lo dijiste?
surely he doesn't believe that? - oh, but he does! — no puede ser que se crea eso - pues sí que se lo cree
c)but then — (as linker) (however, still) pero; ( in that case) pero entonces
but then you never were very ambitious, were you? — pero la verdad es que tú nunca fuiste muy ambicioso ¿no?
I don't want to, but then again I do — no quiero, pero a la vez or al mismo tiempo sí quiero
2)not... but... — no... sino...
it appears that she's not Greek but Albanian — parece que no es griega, sino albanesa
not only did she hit him, but she also... — no sólo le pegó, sino que también...
II
a) ( except)everyone but me — todos menos or excepto or salvo yo
the next street but one — la próxima calle no: la siguiente
there's nothing we can do but wait — no podemos hacer otra cosa sino esperar, lo único que podemos hacer es esperar
b)but for: but for them, we'd have lost everything — de no haber sido or si no hubiera sido por ellos, habríamos perdido todo
III
adverb (frml)
IV [bʌt]noun pero mno buts: come here at once! — no hay pero que valga, ven aquí inmediatamente!
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13 from
from1) (used before the place, thing, person, time etc that is the point at which an action, journey, period of time etc begins: from Europe to Asia; from Monday to Friday; a letter from her father.) de2) (used to indicate that from which something or someone comes: a quotation from Shakespeare.) de3) (used to indicate separation: Take it from him.) de4) (used to indicate a cause or reason: He is suffering from a cold.) defrom prep1. de2. de / desde3. de / con / a partir detr[frɒm]1 (starting at) de; (train, plane) procedente de■ what time does he get home from work? ¿a qué hora llega del trabajo?2 (origin, source) de, desde■ where are you from? ¿de dónde eres?3 (number, price, etc) de, desde, a partir de■ prices start from $10 precios a partir de 10 dólares■ it's reduced from £25 to £20 está rebajado de 25 a 20 libras4 (time) de, desde■ we work from 9.00 until 5.00 trabajamos de 9.00 a 5.005 (sent or given by) de■ this is Mr Singh from the Council es el Sr. Singh del Ayuntamiento6 (using, out of) de, con7 (distance) de8 (indicating separation, removal, etc) de; (subtraction) a9 (because of) por, a causa de10 (considering, according to) según, por■ from the look of him, I'd say he's a tramp por su aspecto, diría que es indigente11 (indicating difference) de; (when distinguishing) entre■ how different is Catalan from Spanish? ¿en qué se diferencia el catalán del español?12 (indicating position) desde■ from above, you can see the whole stadium desde encima, se puede ver todo el estadiofrom ['frʌm, 'frɑm] prepfrom Cali to Bogota: de Cali a Bogotáwhere are you from?: ¿de dónde eres?from that time onward: desde entoncesfrom tomorrow: a partir de mañanaa letter from my friend: una carta de mi amigaa quote from Shakespeare: una cita de Shakespeare10 feet from the entrance: a 10 pies de la entradared from crying: rojos de llorarhe died from the cold: murió del frío5) off, out of: deshe took it from the drawer: lo sacó del cajónfrom above: desde arribafrom among: de entreprep.• a partir de prep.• de prep.• de parte de prep.• desde prep.• según prep.frɑːm, frɒm, weak form frəm1)a) ( indicating starting point) desde; ( indicating origin) deT-shirts from $15 — camisetas desde or a partir de $l5
b) ( indicating distance)2)a) ( after)from today — a partir de hoy, desde hoy
50 years/an hour from now — dentro de 50 años/una hora
b) ( before)3) ( indicating source) dethat's enough from you! — basta!, cállate!
have you heard from her? — ¿has tenido noticias suyas?
we heard from Sam that... — nos enteramos por Sam de que...
4)from... to...; they flew from New York to Lima volaron de Nueva York a Lima; they stretch from Derbyshire to the borders of Scotland se extienden desde el condado de Derbyshire hasta el sur de Escocia; from door to door de puerta en puerta; we work from nine to five trabajamos de nueve a cinco; I'll be in Europe from June 20 to 29 voy a estar en Europa desde el 20 hasta el 29 de junio; from $50 to $100 — entre 50 y 100 dólares
5) ( as a result of) defrom experience I would say that... — según mi experiencia diría que...
6)a) (out of, off) defrom the cupboard/shelf — del armario/estante
b) ( Math)7) (with preps & advs)from above/below — desde arriba/abajo
[frɒm]PREP1) (indicating starting place) de, desdewhere are you from? — ¿de dónde eres?
where has he come from? — ¿de dónde ha venido?
the train from Madrid — el tren de Madrid, el tren procedente de Madrid
from A to Z — de A a Z, desde A hasta Z
2) (indicating time) de, desdefrom one o'clock to or until two — desde la una hasta las dos
from a child, from childhood — desde niño
3) (indicating distance) de, desde4) (indicating sender etc) dea telephone call from Mr Smith — una llamada de parte del Sr. Smith
5) (indicating source) deto drink from a stream/from the bottle — beber de un arroyo/de la botella
where did you get that from? — ¿de dónde has sacado or sacaste eso?
take the gun from him! — ¡quítale el revólver!
one of the best performances we have seen from him — uno de los mejores papeles que le hayamos visto
6) (indicating price, number etc) desde, a partir dewe have shirts from £8 (upwards) — tenemos camisas desde or a partir de 8 libras
prices range from £10 to £50 — los precios varían entre 10 y 50 libras
the interest rate increased from 6% to 10% — la tasa de interés ha subido del 6 al 10 por ciento
to know good from bad — saber distinguir entre el bien y el mal, saber distinguir el bien del mal
9) (=because of, on the basis of) porfrom what he says — por lo que dice, según lo que dice
10) (=away from)to escape from sth/sb — escapar de algo/algn
11) (with prep, adv)from beneath or underneath — desde abajo
from inside/outside the house — desde dentro/fuera de la casa
* * *[frɑːm, frɒm], weak form [frəm]1)a) ( indicating starting point) desde; ( indicating origin) deT-shirts from $15 — camisetas desde or a partir de $l5
b) ( indicating distance)2)a) ( after)from today — a partir de hoy, desde hoy
50 years/an hour from now — dentro de 50 años/una hora
b) ( before)3) ( indicating source) dethat's enough from you! — basta!, cállate!
have you heard from her? — ¿has tenido noticias suyas?
we heard from Sam that... — nos enteramos por Sam de que...
4)from... to...; they flew from New York to Lima volaron de Nueva York a Lima; they stretch from Derbyshire to the borders of Scotland se extienden desde el condado de Derbyshire hasta el sur de Escocia; from door to door de puerta en puerta; we work from nine to five trabajamos de nueve a cinco; I'll be in Europe from June 20 to 29 voy a estar en Europa desde el 20 hasta el 29 de junio; from $50 to $100 — entre 50 y 100 dólares
5) ( as a result of) defrom experience I would say that... — según mi experiencia diría que...
6)a) (out of, off) defrom the cupboard/shelf — del armario/estante
b) ( Math)7) (with preps & advs)from above/below — desde arriba/abajo
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14 that
1. ðæt plural - those; adjective(used to indicate a person, thing etc spoken of before, not close to the speaker, already known to the speaker and listener etc: Don't take this book - take that one; At that time, I was living in Italy; When are you going to return those books?) ese, esa, esos, esas; aquel, aquella, aquellos, aquellas
2. pronoun(used to indicate a thing etc, or (in plural or with the verb be) person or people, spoken of before, not close to the speaker, already known to the speaker and listener etc: What is that you've got in your hand?; Who is that?; That is the Prime Minister; Those present at the concert included the composer and his wife.) ese, esa, esos, esas; aquel, aquella, aquellos, aquellas
3. ðət, ðæt relative pronoun(used to refer to a person, thing etc mentioned in a preceding clause in order to distinguish it from others: Where is the parcel that arrived this morning?; Who is the man (that) you were talking to?)
4. ðət, ðæt conjunction1) ((often omitted) used to report what has been said etc or to introduce other clauses giving facts, reasons, results etc: I know (that) you didn't do it; I was surprised (that) he had gone.) que2) (used to introduce expressions of sorrow, wishes etc: That I should be accused of murder!; Oh, that I were with her now!) y pensar que; ojalá
5.
adverb(so; to such an extent: I didn't realize she was that ill.) tan- that's that
that1 adj ese / aquelwho lives in that house? ¿quién vive en esa casa?did you bring that book? ¿has traído aquel libro?what are those boys doing? ¿qué están haciendo aquellos chicos?that2 adv tanthat3 conj quethat4 pron1. ése / aquél2. esotr[ðæt ʊnstressed ðət]1 ese, esa (remote) aquel, aquella■ how much is that dress? ¿cuánto vale ese vestido?■ what was that noise? ¿qué ha sido ese ruido?■ have you got that record I lent you? ¿tienes aquel disco que te dejé?■ who's that? ¿quién es ése/ésa?■ this is mine, that is yours éste es mío, aquél es tuyo2 (indefinite) eso; (remote) aquello■ what's that? ¿qué es eso?■ where did you get that? ¿dónde has comprado eso?3 (relative) que4 (with preposition) que, el/la que, el/la cual1 que2 ¡ojalá!1 familiar tan, tanto,-a, tantos,-as\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLand all that y todo esolike that así, de aquella manerathat is to say es decirthat's life así es la vidathat's more like it ¡ahora!, ¡así me gusta!that's right así esthat's that ya está, se acabówho's that? (on 'phone) ¿quién es?, ¿quién eres?it's not that expensive: no es tan caronot that much: no tantodo you see those children?: ¿ves a aquellos niños?that conj & pron: quehe said that he was afraid: dijo que tenía miedothe book that he wrote: el libro que escribió1) : ése, ésa, esothat's my father: ése es mi padrethose are the ones he likes: ésos son los que le gustanwhat's that?: ¿qué es eso?those are maples and these are elms: aquéllos son arces y éstos son olmosthat came to an end: aquello se acabóadj.• esa adj.• ese adj.adj.dem.• aquel adj.dem.adv.• como adv.• tan adv.conj.• ese conj.• para que conj.• que conj.pron.• aquello pron.• aquél pron.• el cual pron.• ese pron.• eso pron.• que pron.• quien pron.• tanto pron.pron.dem.neut.• aquello pron.dem.neut.
I ðæt1) (pl those) ( demonstrative) ése, ésa; (neuter) esothose — ésos, ésas; (to refer to something more distant, to the remote past) aquél, aquélla; (neuter) aquello
those — aquéllos, aquéllas [According to the Real Academia Española the accent can be omitted when there is no ambiguity]
what's that? — ¿qué es eso?
who's that over there? — quién es ése/ésa?
those are $20 and those over there $21.50 — ésos cuestan 20 dólares y aquéllos de allá 21,50
who's that, please? — ( on telephone) ¿con quién hablo, por favor?
that's impossible/wonderful! — es imposible/maravilloso!
is that so? — no me digas!, ¿ah, sí?
don't talk like that! — no hables así!, no digas eso!
eat it up now, that's a good girl! — vamos, cómetelo todo así me gusta!
come on, it's not as bad as all that — vamos, que no es para tanto
2) (in phrases)at that they all burst out laughing — al oír (or ver etc) eso, todos se echaron a reír
he has enormous power and wealth, but is still unhappy for all that — tiene mucho poder y muchas riquezas, pero aún así es infeliz
that is: we're all going, all the adults, that is vamos todos, es decir, todos los adultos; you're welcome to come along, that is, if you'd like to encantados de que vengas, siempre que quieras venir, claro; that's it!: that's it for today eso es todo por hoy; is that it? - no, there's another bag to come ¿ya está? - no, todavía falta otra bolsa; now lift your left arm: that's it! ahora levanta el brazo izquierdo eso es! or ahí está!; that's it: I've had enough! se acabó! ya no aguanto más!; that's that: you're not going and that's that! — no vas y no hay más que hablar or y se acabó
3) ðət, strong form ðæt ( relative) queit wasn't Helen (that) you saw — no fue a Helen a quien viste, no fue a Helen que viste (AmL)
II ðætthose — esos, esas; (to refer to something more distant, to the remote past) aquel, aquella
those — aquellos, aquellas
do you know that boy/girl? — ¿conoces a ese chico/esa chica?
I prefer that one — prefiero ése/ésa
III ðət, strong form ðætconjunction queshe said (that)... — dijo que...
it's not that I mind what he does but... — no es que me importe lo que hace, pero...
they died that others might live — (liter) murieron para que otros pudieran vivir
IV ðætadverb tanten thirty? that late already? — ¿las diez y media? ¿ya es tan tarde?
(strong form) [ðæt] (weak form) [ˌdǝt] (pl those) Those is treated as a separate entry.I'm not that interested, really — la verdad es que no me interesa tanto
1. DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVE1) [+ objects/people]You can generally use ese etc when pointing to something near the person you are speaking to. Use aquel etc for something which is distant from both of you: (nearer) ese m, esa f ; (more remote) aquel m, aquella fthat car is much better value than that sports model at the end — ese coche está mejor de precio que aquel modelo deportivo que hay al final
that wretched dog! — ¡ese maldito perro!
In the past the standard spelling for [ese/esa] and [aquel/aquella] used as pronouns (as when they are used to translate [that one]) was with an accent ([ése/ésa] and [aquél/aquélla]). Nowadays the [Real Academia Española] advises that the accented forms are only required where there might otherwise be confusion with the adjectives [este/esta] and [aquel/aquella].what about that cheque? — ¿y el cheque ese?
there's little to choose between this model and that one — no hay mucho que elegir entre este modelo y aquel
2) [+ event, year, month]
Aquel is used to refer to a time in the distant past. Use if you mention a concrete date, month, year {etc">ese:do you remember that holiday we had in Holland? — ¿te acuerdas de aquellas vacaciones que pasamos en Holanda?
1992? I can't remember where we holidayed that year — ¿1992? no recuerdo dónde pasamos las vacaciones ese año
May? we can't come that month because we'll be moving house — ¿en mayo? no podemos venir ese mes porque nos estaremos mudando de casa
2.DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNThe pronoun that ( one) is translated by ese and aquel (masc), esa and aquella (fem) and eso and aquello (neuter). You can generally use ese etc when pointing to something near the person you are speaking to. Use aquel etc for something which is distant from both of you. Note that in the past the standard spelling for the masculine and feminine pronouns was with an accent (ése/ésa and aquél/aquélla). Nowadays the Real Academia Española advises that the accented forms are only required where there might otherwise be confusion with the adjectives ese/esa and aquel/aquella. Neuter pronouns never carry an accent. (nearer) ese m, esa f, ése m, ésa f, eso (neuter) ; (more remote) aquel(la) m / f, aquél(la) m / f, aquello (neuter)who's that? — ¿quién es ese?
what is that? — ¿qué es eso?, ¿eso qué es?
is that you, Paul? — ¿eres tú, Paul?
£5? it must have cost more than that — ¿5 libras? debe haber costado más (que eso)
that's true — eso es verdad, es cierto (esp LAm)
that's odd! — ¡qué raro!, ¡qué cosa más rara!
1988? that was the year you graduated, wasn't it? — ¿1988? ese fue el año en que acabaste la carrera, ¿no es así?
"will he come?" - "that he will!" — † -¿vendrá? -¡ya lo creo!
•
after that — después de eso•
bees and wasps and all that — abejas, avispas y cosas asíis that all? — ¿eso es todo?, ¿nada más?
•
and it was broken at that — y además estaba rotoI realized he meant to speak to me and at that I panicked — me di cuenta de que quería hablar conmigo y entonces me entró el pánico
•
what do you mean by that? — ¿qué quieres decir con eso?•
if it comes to that — en tal caso, si llegamos a eso•
it will cost 20 dollars, if that — costará 20 dólares, si es que llega•
that is — (=ie) es decir...•
that's it, we've finished — ya está, hemos terminadothat's it! she can find her own gardener! — ¡se acabó! ¡que se busque un jardinero por su cuenta!
•
that of — el/la de•
that is to say — es decir...•
why worry about that which may never happen? — frm ¿por qué preocuparse por aquello que or por lo que puede que nunca vaya a pasar?•
with that — con eso3. RELATIVE PRONOUNUnlike that, the Spanish relative cannot be omitted.1) quethe girl that he met on holiday and later married — la chica que conoció durante las vacaciones y con la que después se casó
If the that clause ends in a preposition, you can either translate that as que (usually preceded by the definite article) or as article + cual/cuales. Use the second option particularly in formal language or after long prepositions or prepositional phrases:fool that I am! — ¡tonto que soy!
the box that I put it in — la caja donde lo puse, la caja en la que or en la cual lo puse
4. ADVERB1) (=so) tanit's about that big — (with gesture) es más o menos así de grande
•
cheer up! it isn't that bad — ¡ánimo! ¡no es para tanto!•
that many frogs — tantas ranas•
that much money — tanto dinero2) * (=so very) tanit was that cold! — ¡hacía tanto frío!
5. CONJUNCTIONUnlike that, que cannot be omitted.1) after verb quehe said that... — dijo que...
he said that he was going to London and would be back in the evening — dijo que se iba a Londres y (que) volvería por la tarde
2) after nounTranslate as de que in phrases like the idea/belief/hope that:
•
any hope that they might have survived was fading — toda esperanza de que hubiesen sobrevivido se estaba desvaneciendo•
the idea that we can profit from their labour — la idea de que podemos aprovecharnos de su trabajo•
..., not that I want to, of course —..., no es que yo quiera, por supuestoIf the that clause is the subject of another verb it is usual to translate that as el que rather than que especially if it starts the sentence:•
oh that we could! — ¡ojalá pudiéramos!, ¡ojalá!In these cases the verb which follows will be in the subjunctive:that he did not know surprised me — (el) que no lo supiera me extrañó, me extrañó (el) que no lo supiera
wouldthat he should behave like this is incredible — (el) que se comporte así es increíble, es increíble que se comporte así
4) (=in order that) para que + subjunthose who fought and died that we might live — los que lucharon y murieron para que nosotros pudiésemos vivir
5)• in that — en el sentido de que
it's an attractive investment in that it is tax-free — es una inversión atractiva en el sentido de que está exenta de impuestos
* * *
I [ðæt]1) (pl those) ( demonstrative) ése, ésa; (neuter) esothose — ésos, ésas; (to refer to something more distant, to the remote past) aquél, aquélla; (neuter) aquello
those — aquéllos, aquéllas [According to the Real Academia Española the accent can be omitted when there is no ambiguity]
what's that? — ¿qué es eso?
who's that over there? — quién es ése/ésa?
those are $20 and those over there $21.50 — ésos cuestan 20 dólares y aquéllos de allá 21,50
who's that, please? — ( on telephone) ¿con quién hablo, por favor?
that's impossible/wonderful! — es imposible/maravilloso!
is that so? — no me digas!, ¿ah, sí?
don't talk like that! — no hables así!, no digas eso!
eat it up now, that's a good girl! — vamos, cómetelo todo así me gusta!
come on, it's not as bad as all that — vamos, que no es para tanto
2) (in phrases)at that they all burst out laughing — al oír (or ver etc) eso, todos se echaron a reír
he has enormous power and wealth, but is still unhappy for all that — tiene mucho poder y muchas riquezas, pero aún así es infeliz
that is: we're all going, all the adults, that is vamos todos, es decir, todos los adultos; you're welcome to come along, that is, if you'd like to encantados de que vengas, siempre que quieras venir, claro; that's it!: that's it for today eso es todo por hoy; is that it? - no, there's another bag to come ¿ya está? - no, todavía falta otra bolsa; now lift your left arm: that's it! ahora levanta el brazo izquierdo eso es! or ahí está!; that's it: I've had enough! se acabó! ya no aguanto más!; that's that: you're not going and that's that! — no vas y no hay más que hablar or y se acabó
3) [ðət], strong form [ðæt] ( relative) queit wasn't Helen (that) you saw — no fue a Helen a quien viste, no fue a Helen que viste (AmL)
II [ðæt]those — esos, esas; (to refer to something more distant, to the remote past) aquel, aquella
those — aquellos, aquellas
do you know that boy/girl? — ¿conoces a ese chico/esa chica?
I prefer that one — prefiero ése/ésa
III [ðət], strong form [ðæt]conjunction queshe said (that)... — dijo que...
it's not that I mind what he does but... — no es que me importe lo que hace, pero...
they died that others might live — (liter) murieron para que otros pudieran vivir
IV [ðæt]adverb tanten thirty? that late already? — ¿las diez y media? ¿ya es tan tarde?
I'm not that interested, really — la verdad es que no me interesa tanto
-
15 him
him pron1. lo / le2. éltr[hɪm]1 (direct object) lo2 (indirect object) le; (with other pronouns) se3 (after preposition) él4 familiar (as subject) él■ it's him! ¡es él!him ['hɪm, əm] pronI found him: lo encontréwe gave him a present: le dimos un regaloI sent it to him: se lo mandéshe was thinking of him: pensaba en élyounger than him: más joven que élpron.• le pron.• él pron.pron.pers.• le pron.pers.pron.• le pron.hɪm, weak form ɪm1)a) ( as direct object) lo, le (Esp)call him — llámalo, llámale (Esp)
b) ( as indirect object) le; ( with direct object pronoun present) sec) ( after preposition) élnear/in front of him — cerca/delante de él
2) ( emphatic use) él3) ( for himself) (AmE colloq or dial)[hɪm]PRON1) (=direct object) lo, le (Sp)look at him! — ¡míralo!
I have never seen him — a él no lo or (also Sp) le he visto nunca
2) (=indirect object) le; (combined with direct object pron) seyes of course I gave him the book — sí, claro que le di el libro
yes of course I gave them to him — sí, claro que se los di
I'm speaking to him not you — le estoy hablando a él, no a ti
3) (after prep, in comparisons, with verb "to be") élyounger than him — más joven or menor que él
* * *[hɪm], weak form [ɪm]1)a) ( as direct object) lo, le (Esp)call him — llámalo, llámale (Esp)
b) ( as indirect object) le; ( with direct object pronoun present) sec) ( after preposition) élnear/in front of him — cerca/delante de él
2) ( emphatic use) él3) ( for himself) (AmE colloq or dial) -
16 until
ən'tilpreposition, conjunction(to the time of or when: He was here until one o'clock; I won't know until I get a letter from him.) hasta (que)until prep conj hasta / hasta quetr[ʌn'tɪl]1 hasta1 hasta queuntil [.ʌn'tɪl] prep: hastauntil now: hasta ahorauntil conj: hasta queuntil they left: hasta que salierondon't answer until you're sure: no contestes hasta que (no) estés seguroconj.• hasta conj.• hasta que conj.• ínterin conj.prep.• hasta prep.
I ʌn'tɪl, ən'tɪlconjunction hasta queI knew she wouldn't go to bed until Tom got back — yo sabía que no se iba a acostar hasta que Tom (no) volviera
II
preposition hasta[ǝn'tɪl]until now/then — hasta ahora/entonces
1.PREP hasta2. CONJ1) (in future) hasta que + subjununtil they come/sleep — hasta que vengan/se duerman
2) (in past) hasta que + indicUNTIL ► As with other time conjunctions, has ta que is used with the {subjunctive} if the action which follows hasn't happened yet or hadn't happened at the time of speaking:he did nothing until I told him to — no hizo nada hasta que yo se lo dije, no hizo nada hasta que no se lo dije
Go on stirring until the sauce is cold Sigue removiendo hasta que se enfríe la salsa
I shan't be happy until you come No estaré contenta hasta que (no) vengas When the main clause is negative, no can optionally be given in the hasta que clause without changing the meaning. ► Has ta que is used with the {indicative} when the action in the hasta que clause has already taken place:
He lived in this house until he died Vivió en esta casa hasta que murió
I didn't see her again until she returned to London No volví a verla hasta que (no) regresó a Londres ► Has ta que is also used with the {indicative} when describing habitual actions:
I never wake up until the alarm goes off Nunca me despierto hasta que (no) suena el despertador ► Instead of has ta que + ((verb)), you can use hasta with an {infinitive} when the subject of both clauses is the same:
Go on stirring until you get a thick creamy mixture Sigue removiendo hasta obtener una crema espesa For further uses and examples, see main entry* * *
I [ʌn'tɪl, ən'tɪl]conjunction hasta queI knew she wouldn't go to bed until Tom got back — yo sabía que no se iba a acostar hasta que Tom (no) volviera
II
preposition hastauntil now/then — hasta ahora/entonces
-
17 it
it1) ((used as the subject of a verb or object of a verb or preposition) the thing spoken of, used especially of lifeless things and of situations, but also of animals and babies: If you find my pencil, please give it to me; The dog is in the garden, isn't it?; I picked up the baby because it was crying; He decided to run a mile every morning but he couldn't keep it up.) él; ella; ello (sujeto); lo, la (complemento directo)2) (used as a subject in certain kinds of sentences eg in talking about the weather, distance or time: Is it raining very hard?; It's cold; It is five o'clock; Is it the fifth of March?; It's two miles to the village; Is it your turn to make the tea?; It is impossible for him to finish the work; It was nice of you to come; Is it likely that he would go without us?) (se usa como sujeto en frases impersonales: it is cold = hace frío)3) ((usually as the subject of the verb be) used to give emphasis to a certain word or phrase: It was you (that) I wanted to see, not Mary.) (se usa para dar énfasis a ciertas palabras o frases)4) (used with some verbs as a direct object with little meaning: The car broke down and we had to walk it; Oh, bother it!) lo, la•- its- itself
it pron1. él / ella / ellowhere's my shirt?, it's not in my room ¿dónde está mi camisa?, no está en mi habitación2. lo / la3. lewho is it? It's me, Peter ¿quién es? Soy yo, PeterITtr['aɪ'tiː]1 ( information technology) informáticait ['ɪt] pron1) (as subject; generally omitted) : él, ella, elloit's a big building: es un edificio grandewho was it?: ¿quién era?I'll give it some water: voy a darle aguagive it to me: dámelo4) (as object of a preposition; generally omitted) : él, ella, ellobehind it: detrás, detrás de élit's raining: está lloviendoit's 8 o'clock: son las ochoit is necessary to study: es necesario estudiarto give it all one's got: dar lo mejor de síitpron.• ella pron.• ello pron.• la pron.• le pron.• lo pron.• él pron.pron.• le pron.mass noun = information technology
I [ɪt]1. PRON1) (specific)
It as subject or following a preposition is often not translated. (direct object) lo, la; (indirect object) le; (after prep) (if translated) él m, ella f; (neuter) ellowhere is it? — ¿dónde está?
"here's the book" - "give it to me" — -aquí está el libro -dámelo
if you have the list, give it to him — si tienes la lista, dásela
it's a good film, have you seen it? — es una buena película, ¿la has visto?
there's a wall in front of/behind it — hay una pared delante/detrás (de ello)
she put a plate on top of it — le puso un plato encima, lo tapó con un plato
it's a she — [dog, cat etc] es hembra
it's a boy — [baby] es niño
2) (indefinite)The indefinite subject is not translated.it's 10 October or the 10th of October — es el diez de octubre
how far is it? — ¿a qué distancia está?
I like it here, it's quiet — me gusta aquí, es tranquilo
•
it's me — soy yodon't worry, it's only me — soy yo, no te emociones
•
it's no use worrying — no vale la pena inquietarse•
it is said that... — se dice que...I have heard it said that... — he oído decir que...
•
it was Peter who phoned — fue Peter quien llamó•
who is it? — ¿quién es?3) (special uses with "to be")•
how is it that...? — ¿cómo es que...?, ¿cómo resulta que...?•
that's it for today — eso es todo por hoythat's it! just there is fine — ¡eso es! ahí mismo está bien
that's it! I've had enough of this waiting! — ¡ya está bien! ¡estoy harto de esperar!
that's it then! we leave on Sunday — ¡muy bien! or ¡solucionado! salimos el domingo
that's just it! — ¡ahí está el problema!
•
I'm against it — estoy en contraat, get 1., 20)•
the worst of it is that... — lo peor del caso es que...5) (in games)you're it! — ¡te tocó!
6) * (=sexual attraction)you've either got it or you haven't — ese algo, o se tiene o no, no hay vuelta de hoja
7) * (=something special)2.CPDIt Girl * N — (esp Brit) mujer muy moderna, famosa, que inicia modas
II
* [ɪt]N vermú m or vermut m italiano* * *mass noun = information technology -
18 after
1. preposition1) (later in time or place than: After the car came a bus.) después (de)2) (following (often indicating repetition): one thing after another; night after night.) tras3) (behind: Shut the door after you!) detrás4) (in search or pursuit of: He ran after the bus.) detrás de, tras5) (considering: After all I've done you'd think he'd thank me; It's sad to fail after all that work.) después de6) ((American: in telling the time) past: It's a quarter after ten.) y (son las diez y cuarto)
2. adverb(later in time or place: They arrived soon after.) después
3. conjunction(later than the time when: After she died we moved house twice.) después de (que)- afterthought
- afterwards
- after all
- be after
after1 adv despuésafter2 conj después de queafter3 prep1. después de2. detrás de / trastr['ɑːftəSMALLr/SMALL]1 (time) después de2 (following) detrás de3 (wanting) buscando■ what are you after? ¿qué pretendes?, ¿qué buscas?4 (in the style of) al estilo de5 (named because of) por■ his name's Horace, after his grandfather se llama Horace por su abuelo6 SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL (past) y1 después1 después que, después de que■ after he left, I went to bed después de que se marchara, me acostéafter ['æftər] adv1) afterward: después2) behind: detrás, atrásafter adj: posterior, siguientein after years: en los años posterioresafter conj: después de, después de queafter we ate: después de que comimos, después de comerafter prep1) following: después de, trasafter Saturday: después del sábadoday after day: día tras día2) behind: tras de, después deI ran after the dog: corrí tras del perro3) concerning: porthey asked after you: preguntaron por ti4)after all : después de todoadv.• después adv.• detrás adv.conj.• después de que conj.prep.• desde prep.• después prep.• después de prep.• detrás prep.• detrás de prep.• en busca de prep.• pos prep.• según prep.• tras prep.
I 'æftər, 'ɑːftə(r)1) ( following in time) después deI'll be at home after eight o'clock — estaré en casa después de or a partir de las ocho
after a few days — después de or al cabo de unos días
it's a quarter after two — (AmE) son las dos y cuarto
they arrived after us — llegaron más tarde or después que nosotros
2) (in sequence, rank) tras3)a) ( behind)shut the door after you — cierra la puerta al salir/entrar
b) ( in pursuit of) trasc) (about, concerning) por; see also ask after, inquire4)a) (in view of, considering) después deafter all I've done for you? — ¿después de or con todo lo que he hecho por ti?
b)5) ( in the style of) al estilo de, a la manera de; ( in honor of) por, en honor de; heart 2)
II
after he died, the house remained empty — al morir él or cuando él murió, la casa quedó vacía
after you've washed it, hang it out to dry — cuando or una vez que lo hayas lavado, tiéndelo para que se seque
III
a) (afterward, following) despuésb) ( behind) detrás
IV
adjective (before n) posterior['ɑːftǝ(r)] When after is an element in a phrasal verb, eg ask after, look after, take after, look up the verb.1. PREP1) (in time) después deit was twenty after three — (US) eran las tres y veinte
2) (in position, order) detrás de, trasexcuse after excuse, one excuse after another — excusas y más excusas
after you! — ¡pase usted!, ¡usted primero!
3) (=behind)close the door after you — cierra la puerta al salir or cuando salgas
4) (=seeking)the police are after him — la policía lo está buscando or está detrás de él
what is he after? — ¿qué pretende?
I see what you're after — ya caigo, ya comprendo lo que quieres decir; (hostile) ya te he calado
5) (=in the manner of)heart 1., 2)6) (=in honour of)7) (=in view of) después deafter all I've done for you — después de or con todo lo que he hecho por ti
2. ADV1) (=afterward) después2) (=behind) detrás3.CONJ después de que, después que *4. ADJ1)in after years — frm en los años siguientes, años después
2) (Naut) de popaAFTER
Time
Preposition ► You can usually translate after referring to a point in time using después de:
Please ring after six Por favor, llama después de las seis
I'll phone you after the match Te llamaré después del partido
... Francoism after Franco...... el franquismo después de Franco... ► To translate after + ((period of time)), you can also use al cabo de in more formal Spanish:
After a year in the army, he had had enough Después de (estar) un año en el ejército or Al cabo de un año en el ejército, no lo soportaba más ► Use más tarde que or después que w ith names of people and personal pronouns when they stand in for a verb:
He got there half an hour after us or after we did Llegó allí media hora más tarde que nosotros or después que nosotros ► Translate after + ((-ing)) using después de + ((infinitive)):
Don't go swimming immediately after eating No te bañes justo después de comer
Conjunction ► When the action in the after clause has already happened, and the subjects of the two clauses are different, you can generally translate after using después de que. This can be followed either by the {indicative} or, especially in formal or literary Spanish, by the {subjunctive}:
I met her after she had left the company La conocí después de que dejó or dejara la empresa ► When the action in the after clause has not happened yet or had not happened at the time of speaking, cuando is more common than después de que, though both translations are possible. In both cases, use the {subjunctive}:
We'll test the brakes after you've done another thousand miles Comprobaremos los frenos cuando or después de que haya recorrido mil millas más ► If the subject of both clauses is the same, des pués de + ((infinitive)) is usually used rather than después de que:
He wrote to me again after he retired Me volvió a escribir después de jubilarse This construction is also sometimes used in colloquial Spanish even when the subjects are different:
After you left, the party ended Después de irte tú, se terminó la fiesta For further uses and examples, see main entry* * *
I ['æftər, 'ɑːftə(r)]1) ( following in time) después deI'll be at home after eight o'clock — estaré en casa después de or a partir de las ocho
after a few days — después de or al cabo de unos días
it's a quarter after two — (AmE) son las dos y cuarto
they arrived after us — llegaron más tarde or después que nosotros
2) (in sequence, rank) tras3)a) ( behind)shut the door after you — cierra la puerta al salir/entrar
b) ( in pursuit of) trasc) (about, concerning) por; see also ask after, inquire4)a) (in view of, considering) después deafter all I've done for you? — ¿después de or con todo lo que he hecho por ti?
b)5) ( in the style of) al estilo de, a la manera de; ( in honor of) por, en honor de; heart 2)
II
after he died, the house remained empty — al morir él or cuando él murió, la casa quedó vacía
after you've washed it, hang it out to dry — cuando or una vez que lo hayas lavado, tiéndelo para que se seque
III
a) (afterward, following) despuésb) ( behind) detrás
IV
adjective (before n) posterior -
19 by
1. preposition1) (next to; near; at the side of: by the door; He sat by his sister.) junto a2) (past: going by the house.) (por) delante3) (through; along; across: We came by the main road.) por4) (used (in the passive voice) to show the person or thing which performs an action: struck by a stone.) por5) (using: He's going to contact us by letter; We travelled by train.) por, en6) (from; through the means of: I met her by chance; by post.) por7) ((of time) not later than: by 6 o'clock.) para8) (during the time of.) de9) (to the extent of: taller by ten centimetres.) de, por10) (used to give measurements etc: 4 metres by 2 metres.) por11) (in quantities of: fruit sold by the kilo.) por12) (in respect of: a teacher by profession.) de
2. adverb1) (near: They stood by and watched.) al lado (de)2) (past: A dog ran by.) por ahí3) (aside; away: money put by for an emergency.) apartado•- bypass
3. verb(to avoid (a place) by taking such a road.) desviar- bystander
- by and by
- by and large
- by oneself
- by the way
by1 advby expresa la idea de pasar cerca, pero sin detenersehe saw me, but he passed by without saying a word me vio, pero pasó sin decirme ni una palabraby2 prep1. porhe was attacked by a dog fue atacado por un perro / un perro lo atacó2. junto a / al lado deshe sat by me se sentó a mi lado / se sentó junto a mí3. de4. en5. para6. a7. concan I pay by credit card? ¿puedo pagar con tarjeta?8. a base debytr[baɪ]1 (agent) por2 (means) por■ by air/road por avión/carretera3 (showing difference) por4 (not later than) para5 (during) de■ by day/night de día/noche6 (near) junto a, al lado de7 (according to) según8 (measurements) por9 (rate) por10 SMALLMATHEMATICS/SMALL por11 (progression) a12 (in sets) en1 al lado, delante\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto go by pasar delanteby and by con el tiempoby the by a propósitoby oneself solo,-aby ['baɪ] adv1) near: cercahe lives close by: vive muy cerca2)to stop by : pasar por casa, hacer una visita3)to go by : pasarthey rushed by: pasaron corriendo4)to put by : reservar, poner a un lado5)by and by : poco después, dentro de poco6)by and large : en generalby prep1) near: cerca de, al lado de, junto a2) via: porshe left by the door: salió por la puerta3) past: por, por delante dethey walked by him: pasaron por delante de él4) during: de, duranteby night: de nochewe'll be there by ten: estaremos allí para las diezby then: para entoncesbuilt by the Romans: construido por los romanosa book by Borges: un libro de Borgesmade by hand: hecho a manobyadv.• a un lado adv.• aparte adv.prep.• al lado de prep.• de prep.• de acuerdo con prep.• para prep.• por prep.• según prep.
I baɪ1)a) ( not later than)will it be ready by 5? — ¿estará listo para las 5?
by the time he arrived, Ann had left — cuando llegó, Ann se había ido
b) (during, at)by day/night — de día/noche
2)a) (at the side of, near to) al lado de, junto acome and sit by me — ven a sentarte a mi lado or junto a mí
b) ( to hand) (AmE)3)a) ( past)I said hello, but he walked right by me — lo saludé pero él pasó de largo
b) (via, through) porby land/sea/air — por tierra/mar/avión
4) (indicating agent, cause) (with passive verbs) por [The passive voice is, however, less common in Spanish than it is in English]she was brought up by her grandmother — la crió su abuela, fue criada por su abuela
5)a) (indicating means, method)to pay by credit card — pagar* con tarjeta de crédito
to navigate by the stars — guiarse* por las estrellas
by -ing: you won't get anywhere by shouting no vas a conseguir nada con gritar; I'll begin by introducing myself — empezaré por presentarme
b) (owing to, from)he had two children by his second wife — tuvo dos hijos con or de su segunda mujer
by -ing: by specializing, she has limited her options al especializarse, ha restringido sus posibilidades; they have lost public support by being too extreme — han perdido apoyo popular por ser demasiado extremistas
6)a) ( according to)by the look of things — por lo visto or al parecer
b) (in oaths)I swear by Almighty God... — juro por Dios Todopoderoso...
by God, you'll be sorry you said that! — te juro que te vas a arrepentir de haber dicho eso
7)a) ( indicating rate) porshe broke the record by several seconds — batió el récord en or por varios segundos
little by little — poco a poco, de a poco (CS)
8) ( Math) pordivide six by three — divide seis por or entre tres
9) ( in compass directions)10)by oneself — (alone, without assistance) solo
I need to be by myself — necesito estar solo or a solas
II
a) ( past)b) (aside, in reserve)c) ( to somebody's residence)call o stop by on your way to work — pasa por casa de camino al trabajo
d) (in phrases)[baɪ] When by is the second element in a phrasal verb, eg go by, stand by, look up the verb. When it is part of a set combination, eg by chance, by degrees, by half, look up the other word.by and by: by and by they came to the clearing al poco rato llegaron al claro; it's going to rain by and by va a llover dentro de poco; by and large por lo general, en general; by the by — see bye I
1. PREPOSITION1) (=close to) al lado de, junto athe house by the church — la casa que está al lado de or junto a la iglesia
come and sit by me — ven y siéntate a mi lado or junto a mí
"where's the bank?" - "it's by the post office" — -¿dónde está el banco? -está al lado de or junto a la oficina de correos
2) (=via) porhe came in by the back door/by the window — entró por la puerta de atrás/por la ventana
which route did you come by? — ¿por dónde or por qué camino or por qué ruta viniste?
3) (=past) por delante de4) (=during)by day he's a bank clerk and by night he's a security guard — de día es un empleado de banco y de noche es guarda de seguridad
a) (=not later than) paracan you finish it by tomorrow? — ¿puedes terminarlo para mañana?
I'll be back by midnight — estaré de vuelta antes de or para la medianoche
applications must be submitted by 21 April — las solicitudes deben presentarse antes del 21 de abril
•
by the time I got there it was too late — cuando llegué ya era demasiado tarde•
by that time or by then I knew — para entonces ya lo sabíab) (in year, on date, on day)by tomorrow/Tuesday, I'll be in France — mañana/el martes ya estaré en Francia
by yesterday it was clear that... — ayer ya se veía claro que...
by 30 September we had spent £500 — a 30 de septiembre habíamos gastado 500 libras
by 1998 the figure had reached... — en 1998 la cifra había llegado a...
by 2010 the figure will have reached... — hacia el año 2010 la cifra habrá llegado a...
it seems to be getting bigger by the minute/day — parece que va creciendo minuto a minuto/día a día
•
little by little — poco a poco•
one by one — uno tras otro, uno a uno•
two by two — de dos en dos7) (indicating agent, cause) porthe thieves were caught by the police — los ladrones fueron capturados por la policía, la policía capturó a los ladrones
who's that song by? — ¿de quién es esa canción?
8) (indicating transport, method etc)•
by bus/ car — en autobús/coche•
by the light of the moon/a candle — a la luz de la luna/de una velaby working hard — a fuerza de mucho trabajar, trabajando mucho
he ended by saying that... — terminó diciendo que...
10) (=according to) segúnit's all right by me — por mí no hay problema or está bien
she's lighter than her brother by only a couple of pounds — pesa solo un par de libras menos que su hermano
it missed me by inches — no me dio por un pelo, me pasó rozando
12) (in measurements, sums)•
to divide by — dividir por or entre•
to multiply by — multiplicar por13)south by southwest — sudsudoeste, sursuroeste
15) (in oaths) por2. ADVERB1) (=past)•
they wouldn't let me by — no me dejaban pasar•
she rushed by without stopping — pasó a toda prisa, sin pararse•
by and by, I'll be with you by and by — enseguida estoy contigo•
by and large — en general, por lo general•
to put sth by — poner algo a un lado* * *
I [baɪ]1)a) ( not later than)will it be ready by 5? — ¿estará listo para las 5?
by the time he arrived, Ann had left — cuando llegó, Ann se había ido
b) (during, at)by day/night — de día/noche
2)a) (at the side of, near to) al lado de, junto acome and sit by me — ven a sentarte a mi lado or junto a mí
b) ( to hand) (AmE)3)a) ( past)I said hello, but he walked right by me — lo saludé pero él pasó de largo
b) (via, through) porby land/sea/air — por tierra/mar/avión
4) (indicating agent, cause) (with passive verbs) por [The passive voice is, however, less common in Spanish than it is in English]she was brought up by her grandmother — la crió su abuela, fue criada por su abuela
5)a) (indicating means, method)to travel by car/train — viajar en coche/tren
to pay by credit card — pagar* con tarjeta de crédito
to navigate by the stars — guiarse* por las estrellas
by -ing: you won't get anywhere by shouting no vas a conseguir nada con gritar; I'll begin by introducing myself — empezaré por presentarme
b) (owing to, from)he had two children by his second wife — tuvo dos hijos con or de su segunda mujer
by -ing: by specializing, she has limited her options al especializarse, ha restringido sus posibilidades; they have lost public support by being too extreme — han perdido apoyo popular por ser demasiado extremistas
6)a) ( according to)by the look of things — por lo visto or al parecer
b) (in oaths)I swear by Almighty God... — juro por Dios Todopoderoso...
by God, you'll be sorry you said that! — te juro que te vas a arrepentir de haber dicho eso
7)a) ( indicating rate) porshe broke the record by several seconds — batió el récord en or por varios segundos
little by little — poco a poco, de a poco (CS)
8) ( Math) pordivide six by three — divide seis por or entre tres
9) ( in compass directions)10)by oneself — (alone, without assistance) solo
I need to be by myself — necesito estar solo or a solas
II
a) ( past)b) (aside, in reserve)c) ( to somebody's residence)call o stop by on your way to work — pasa por casa de camino al trabajo
d) (in phrases) -
20 like
I
1.
adjective(the same or similar: They're as like as two peas.) parecido, igual
2. preposition(the same as or similar to; in the same or a similar way as: He climbs like a cat; She is like her mother.) como
3. noun(someone or something which is the same or as good etc as another: You won't see his like / their like again.) cosa igual
4. conjunction((especially American) in the same or a similar way as: No-one does it like he does.) como- likely- likelihood
- liken
- likeness
- likewise
- like-minded
- a likely story!
- as likely as not
- be like someone
- feel like
- he is likely to
- look like
- not likely!
II
verb1) (to be pleased with; to find pleasant or agreeable: I like him very much; I like the way you've decorated this room.) gustar2) (to enjoy: I like gardening.) gustar•- likeable- likable
- liking
- should/would like
- take a liking to
like1 prep como / igual quelike2 vb gustardo you like swimming? ¿te gusta nadar?tr[laɪk]1 (the same as) como■ what's the new boss like? ¿cómo es el nuevo jefe?2 (typical of) propio,-a de3 familiar como1 (such as) como2 formal use semejante, parecido,-a1 familiar (as it were) pues■ so I thought, like, what'll happen next? y yo pensé, pues, ¿qué pasará ahora?1 familiar como1 algo parecido\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLand the like y cosas así(as) like as not familiar seguramenteto be as like as two peas in a pod ser como dos gotas de agualike enough familiar seguramentelike father, like son de tal palo tal astillathat's more like it! familiar ¡eso está mejor!, ¡así me gusta!to look like somebody parecerse a alguiento look like something parecer algosomething like that algo así, algo por el estiloto be of like mind formal use ser del mismo parecerto feel like tener ganas de————————tr[laɪk]1 (enjoy) gustar■ how do you like Barcelona? ¿te gusta Barcelona?2 (want) querer, gustar■ would you like me to leave? ¿quieres que me vaya?■ how would you like your egg, boiled or fried? ¿cómo quieres el huevo, pasado por agua o frito?1 querer1 gustos nombre masculino plural\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto like something better preferir algowhether you like it or not quieras o no (quieras), a la fuerza1) : agradar, gustarle (algo a uno)he likes rice: le gusta el arrozshe doesn't like flowers: a ella no le gustan las floresI like you: me caes bien2) want: querer, desearI'd like a hamburger: quiero una hamburguesahe would like more help: le gustaría tener más ayudalike vi: quererdo as you like: haz lo que quieraslike adj: parecido, semejante, similarlike n1) preference: preferencia f, gusto m2)the like : cosa f parecida, cosas fpl por el estiloI've never seen the like: nunca he visto cosa parecidalike conj1) as if: como sithey looked at me like I was crazy: se me quedaron mirando como si estuviera loca2) as: como, igual queshe doesn't love you like I do: ella no te quiere como yolike prep1) : como, parecido ashe acts like my mother: se comporta como mi madrehe looks like me: se parece a mí2) : propio de, típico dethat's just like her: eso es muy típico de ella3) : comoanimals like cows: animales como vacas4)like this, like that : asído it like that: hazlo asíadj.• parecido, -a adj.• parejo, -a adj.• semejante adj.• vecino, -a adj.adv.• como adv.• del mismo modo adv.n.• semejante s.m.v.• bienquerer v.(§pret: -quis-) fut/c: -querr-•)• gustar v.• querer v.(§pret: quis-) fut/c: querr-•)
I
1. laɪk1) (enjoy, be fond of)I/we like tennis — me/nos gusta el tenis
she likes him, but she doesn't love him — le resulta simpático pero no lo quiere
how do you like my dress? — ¿qué te parece mi vestido?
how would you like an ice-cream? — ¿quieres or (Esp tb) te apetece un helado?
I like it! — ( joke) muy bueno!; ( suggestion) buena idea!
I like that! — (iro) muy bonito! (iró), habráse visto!
do as o what you like — haz lo que quieras or lo que te parezca
to like -ING/to + INF: I like dancing me gusta bailar; she likes to have breakfast before eight le gusta desayunar antes de las ocho; I don't like to mention it, but... no me gusta (tener que) decírtelo pero...; to like somebody to + INF: we like him to write to us every so often — nos gusta que nos escriba de vez en cuando
2) (in requests, wishes) querer*would you like a cup of tea/me to help you? — ¿quieres una taza de té/que te ayude?
I'd like two melons, please — (me da) dos melones, por favor
2.
vi querer*if you like — si quieres, si te parece
II
1) ( something liked)her/his likes and dislikes — sus preferencias or gustos, lo que le gusta y no le gusta
2) (similar thing, person)the like: judges, lawyers and the like jueces, abogados y (otra) gente or (otras) personas por el estilo; I've never seen/heard the like (of this) nunca he visto/oído cosa igual; he doesn't mix with the likes of me/us — (colloq) no se codea con gente como yo/nosotros
III
adjective (dated or frml) parecido, similarpeople of like minds — gente f con ideas afines; pea
IV
1)a) ( similar to) comoshe's very like her mother — se parece mucho or es muy parecida a su madre
try this one - now, that's more like it! — prueba éste - ah, esto ya es otra cosa
come on, stop crying!... that's more like it! — vamos, para de llorar... ahí está! or así me gusta!
what's the food like? — ¿cómo or (fam) qué tal es la comida?
it cost £20, or something like that — costó 20 libras o algo así or o algo por el estilo
b) ( typical of)it's just like you to think of food — típico! or cuándo no! tú pensando en comida!
2) ( indicating manner)like this/that — así
3) (such as, for example) comodon't do anything silly, like running away — no vayas a hacer una tontería, como escaparte por ejemplo
V
conjunction (crit)a) ( as if)she looks like she knows what she's doing — parece que or da la impresión de que sabe lo que hace
b) (as, in same way) como
VI
a) ( likely)as like as not, she won't come — lo más probable es que no venga
b) ( nearly)this film is nothing like as good as the first — esta película no es tan buena como la primera ni mucho menos
I [laɪk]1.ADJ frm (=similar) parecido, semejantesnakes, lizards and like creatures — serpientes fpl, lagartos mpl y criaturas fpl parecidas or semejantes
he was very intolerant towards people not of a like mind — era muy intransigente con las personas que no le daban la razón
- they are as like as two peas2. PREP1) (=similar to) comowhat's he like? — ¿cómo es (él)?
you know what she's like — ya la conoces, ya sabes cómo es
what's Spain like? — ¿cómo es España?
what's the weather like? — ¿qué tiempo hace?
a house like mine — una casa como la mía, una casa parecida a la mía
I found one like it — encontré uno parecido or igual
we heard a noise like someone sneezing — nos pareció oír a alguien estornudar, oímos como un estornudo
•
I never saw anything like it — nunca he visto cosa igual or semejante•
what's he like as a teacher? — ¿qué tal es como profesor?•
to be like sth/sb — parecerse a algo/algn, ser parecido a algo/algnyou're so like your father — (in looks, character) te pareces mucho a tu padre, eres muy parecido a tu padre
•
it was more like a prison than a house — se parecía más a una cárcel que a una casawhy can't you be more like your sister? — ¿por qué no aprendes de tu hermana?
that's more like it! * — ¡así está mejor!, ¡así me gusta!
•
there's nothing like real silk — no hay nada como la seda natural•
something like that — algo así, algo por el estiloI was thinking of giving her something like a doll — pensaba en regalarle algo así como una muñeca, pensaba en regalarle una muñeca o algo por el estilo
they earn something like £50,000 a year — ganan alrededor de 50.000 libras al año
feel 2., 3), look 2., 4), smell 3., 1), sound I, 3., 2), a), taste 3.•
people like that can't be trusted — esa clase or ese tipo de gente no es de fiar2) (=typical of)isn't it just like him! — ¡no cambia!, ¡eso es típico de él!
(it's) just like you to grab the last cake! — ¡qué típico que tomes or (Sp) cojas tú el último pastelito!
3) (=similarly to) comolike me, he is fond of Brahms — igual que a mí, le gusta Brahms
•
just like anybody else — igual que cualquier otroit wasn't like that — no fue así, no ocurrió así
anything, crazy 1., 1), hell 1., 2), mad 1., 1), b)he got up and left, just like that — se levantó y se marchó, así, sin más
4) (=such as) comothe basic necessities of life, like food and drink — las necesidades básicas de la vida, como la comida y la bebida
3. ADV1) (=comparable)•
on company advice, well, orders, more like — siguiendo los consejos de la empresa, bueno, más bien sus órdenes•
it's nothing like as hot as it was yesterday — no hace tanto calor como ayer, ni mucho menos£500 will be nothing like enough — 500 libras no serán suficientes, ni mucho menos
2) (=likely)•
(as) like as not, they'll be down the pub (as) like as not — lo más probable es que estén en el bar4. CONJ*1) (=as) como- tell it like it is2) (=as if) como si5.Nwe shall not see his like again — frm, liter no volveremos a ver otro igual
•
the exchange was done on a like- for-like basis — el intercambio se hizo basándose en dos cosas parecidas•
did you ever see the like (of it)? — ¿has visto cosa igual?sparrows, starlings and the like or and such like — gorriones, estorninos y otras aves por el estilo
•
to compare like with like — comparar dos cosas semejantes
II [laɪk]1. VT1) (=find pleasant)I like dancing/football — me gusta bailar/el fútbol
which do you like best? — ¿cuál es el que más te gusta?
I like him — me cae bien or simpático
I don't like him at all — me resulta antipático, no me cae nada bien
I've come to like him — le he llegado a tomar or (Sp) coger cariño
don't you like me just a little bit? — ¿no me quieres un poquitín?
you know he likes you very much — sabes que te tiene mucho cariño or que te quiere mucho
•
I don't like the look of him — no me gusta su aspecto, no me gusta la pinta que tiene *•
I like your nerve! * — ¡qué frescura!, ¡qué cara tienes!•
well, I like that! * — iro ¡será posible!, ¡habráse visto!•
she is well liked here — aquí se la quiere mucho2) (=feel about)how do you like Cadiz? — ¿qué te parece Cádiz?
how do you like it here? — ¿qué te parece este sitio?
how would you like to go to the cinema? — ¿te apetece or (LAm) se te antoja ir al cine?
how would you like it if somebody did the same to you? — ¿cómo te sentirías si alguien te hiciera lo mismo?
how do you like that! I've been here five years and he doesn't know my name — ¡qué te parece!, llevo cinco años trabajando aquí y no sabe ni cómo me llamo
3) (=have a preference for)I like to know the facts before I form opinions — me gusta conocer los hechos antes de formarme una opinión
4) (=want)I didn't like to say no — no quise decir que no; (because embarrassed) me dio vergüenza decir que no
•
take as much as you like — toma or coge todo lo que quierashe thinks he can do as he likes — cree que puede hacer lo que quiera, cree que puede hacer lo que le de la gana *
•
whether he likes it or not — le guste o no (le guste), quiera o no (quiera)•
whenever you like — cuando quieras5)a) (specific request, offer, desire)would you like a drink? — ¿quieres tomar algo?
would you like me to wait? — ¿quiere que espere?
I'd or I would or frm I should like an explanation — quisiera una explicación, me gustaría que me dieran una explicación
I'd like to take this opportunity to thank you all — quisiera aprovechar esta oportunidad para darles las gracias a todos
I'd like the roast chicken, please — (me trae) el pollo asado, por favor
I'd like three pounds of tomatoes, please — (me da) tres libras de tomates, por favor
b) (wishes, preferences)I should like to have been there, I should have liked to be there — frm me hubiera gustado estar allí
2.VI querer•
as you like — como quieras•
"shall we go now?" - "if you like" — -¿nos vamos ya? -si quieres3.Nlikes gustos mplLIKEhe has distinct likes and dislikes where food is concerned — con respecto a la comida tiene claras preferencias or sabe muy bien lo que le gusta y lo que no (le gusta)
Verb
"Gustar" better avoided ► While gustar is one of the main ways of translating like, its use is not always appropriate. Used to refer to people, it may imply sexual attraction. Instead, use expressions like caer bien or parecer/ resultar simpático/ agradable. These expressions work like gustar and need an indirect object:
I like Francis very much Francis me cae muy bien or me parece muy simpático or agradable
She likes me, but that's all (A ella) le caigo bien, pero nada más
Like + verb ► Translate to like doing sth and to like to do sth using gustar + ((infinitive)):
Doctors don't like having to go out to visit patients at night A los médicos no les gusta tener que salir a visitar pacientes por la noche
My brother likes to rest after lunch A mi hermano le gusta descansar después de comer ► Translate to like sb doing sth and to like sb to do sth using gustar + que + ((subjunctive)):
My wife likes me to do the shopping A mi mujer le gusta que haga la compra
I don't like Irene living so far away No me gusta que Irene viva tan lejos
"How do you like...?" ► Use qué + parecer to translate how do/ did you like when asking someone's opinion:
How do you like this coat? ¿Qué te parece este abrigo?
How did you like the concert? ¿Qué te ha parecido el concierto? ► But use cómo + gustar when using how do you like more literally:
How do you like your steak? ¿Cómo le gusta la carne?
Would like ► When translating would like, use querer with requests and offers and gustar to talk about preferences and wishes:
Would you like a glass of water? ¿Quiere un vaso de agua?
What would you like me to do about the tickets? ¿Qué quieres que haga respecto a los billetes?
I'd very much like to go to Spain this summer Me gustaría mucho ir a España este verano Literal translations of I'd like are better avoided when making requests in shops and restaurants. Use expressions like the following:
I'd like steak and chips ¿Me pone un filete con patatas fritas?, (Yo) quiero un filete con patatas fritas For further uses and examples, see main entry* * *
I
1. [laɪk]1) (enjoy, be fond of)I/we like tennis — me/nos gusta el tenis
she likes him, but she doesn't love him — le resulta simpático pero no lo quiere
how do you like my dress? — ¿qué te parece mi vestido?
how would you like an ice-cream? — ¿quieres or (Esp tb) te apetece un helado?
I like it! — ( joke) muy bueno!; ( suggestion) buena idea!
I like that! — (iro) muy bonito! (iró), habráse visto!
do as o what you like — haz lo que quieras or lo que te parezca
to like -ING/to + INF: I like dancing me gusta bailar; she likes to have breakfast before eight le gusta desayunar antes de las ocho; I don't like to mention it, but... no me gusta (tener que) decírtelo pero...; to like somebody to + INF: we like him to write to us every so often — nos gusta que nos escriba de vez en cuando
2) (in requests, wishes) querer*would you like a cup of tea/me to help you? — ¿quieres una taza de té/que te ayude?
I'd like two melons, please — (me da) dos melones, por favor
2.
vi querer*if you like — si quieres, si te parece
II
1) ( something liked)her/his likes and dislikes — sus preferencias or gustos, lo que le gusta y no le gusta
2) (similar thing, person)the like: judges, lawyers and the like jueces, abogados y (otra) gente or (otras) personas por el estilo; I've never seen/heard the like (of this) nunca he visto/oído cosa igual; he doesn't mix with the likes of me/us — (colloq) no se codea con gente como yo/nosotros
III
adjective (dated or frml) parecido, similarpeople of like minds — gente f con ideas afines; pea
IV
1)a) ( similar to) comoshe's very like her mother — se parece mucho or es muy parecida a su madre
try this one - now, that's more like it! — prueba éste - ah, esto ya es otra cosa
come on, stop crying!... that's more like it! — vamos, para de llorar... ahí está! or así me gusta!
what's the food like? — ¿cómo or (fam) qué tal es la comida?
it cost £20, or something like that — costó 20 libras o algo así or o algo por el estilo
b) ( typical of)it's just like you to think of food — típico! or cuándo no! tú pensando en comida!
2) ( indicating manner)like this/that — así
3) (such as, for example) comodon't do anything silly, like running away — no vayas a hacer una tontería, como escaparte por ejemplo
V
conjunction (crit)a) ( as if)she looks like she knows what she's doing — parece que or da la impresión de que sabe lo que hace
b) (as, in same way) como
VI
a) ( likely)as like as not, she won't come — lo más probable es que no venga
b) ( nearly)
См. также в других словарях:
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