treaties

* * *

cōmis, e, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. concinnus], courteous, affable, kind, obliging, friendly, loving (class. in prose and poetry; on account of similarity of meaning, in MSS. very freq. interchanged with communis; hence the readings vary in the best edd.; cf. Liv. 25, 12, 9 Drak.; Suet. 2, p. 241 Wolf; Cic. Fin. 2, 25, 80 Madv.).

Of persons: comes, benigni, faciles, suaves homines esse dicuntur qui erranti comiter monstrant viam (Enn.; cf. under adv.), Cic. Balb. 16, 36: illum negat et bonum virum et comem et humanum fuisse, etc., id. Fin. 2, 25, 80:

ego illo usa sum benigno et lepido et comi,

Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 39 (cf. id. Heaut. 5, 1, 39 Bentl. N. cr.):

comis et humanus,

Cic. Fin. 2, 25, 80; cf. Quint. 6, 2, 18; Hor. S. 2, 8, 76:

quis Laelio comior? quis jucundior?

Cic. Mur. 31, 66:

dum illis comis est,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 23; so,

bonis (opp. adversus malos injucundus),

Tac. Agr. 22 fin.:

comis erga aliquem,

Cic. Sen. 17, 59 (al. communis, but comp. id. Fin. l. l. Madv.):

comis in amicitiis tuendis,

id. Fin. 2, 25, 80 fin.:

in uxorem,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 133:

senex comissimus,

App. M. 11, p. 268.—

Of subjects not personal:

comi animo,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 39:

ingenium,

Tac. A. 6, 41 fin.:

hospitio,

Liv. 9, 36, 8, cf.:

vinclum inter hospites comitas,

Tac. G. 21 fin. Halm:

sermone et congressu,

id. A. 15, 48:

viā (i. e. more),

id. ib. 4, 7:

oculis alliciendus amor,

Ov. A. A. 3, 510.— Adv.: cōmĭter, courteously, affably, etc. (very freq.): homo, qui erranti comiter monstrat viam, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 16, 51; id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll.:

facere aliquid,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 6, 10; id. Rud. 1, 5, 28:

appellare unumquemque,

Cic. Phil. 13, 2, 4:

munera missa legatis,

Liv. 9, 43, 26; cf. id. 42, 24, 10; 45, 20, 8:

accipere,

id. 23, 33, 7; Ov. F. 2, 788; Tac. A. 12, 51:

invitare regios juvenes,

Liv. 1, 57, 10:

celebrare regis convivium,

id. 1, 22, 5 (al. leg. comi fronte):

administrare provinciam,

Tac. H. 1, 13 et saep.; majestatem populi Romani comiter conservato, i. e. willingly, in an obliging, kind manner, a (mildly expressed) formula in treaties of peace, Cic. Balb. 16, 36, cf. Dig. 49, 15, 7; for which, in Liv. 38, 11, 2. imperium majestatemque populi Romani gens Aetolorum conservato sine dolo malo.— Sup., Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 66 dub. (Ritschl, comptissume).— Comp. apparently not in use.

spondĕo, spŏpondi, sponsum, 2 ( perf. spepondi, Cic., Caes., and Val. Antias ap. Gell. 7, 9, 12 sq.; Inscr. Orell. 4358;

without redup. sponderat,

Tert. Carm. adv. Mart. 3, 135; subj. sponsis = spoponderis, an ancient formula of prayer in Fest. p. 351 Müll.), v. a. [akin with spendô, to pour out, = libare; cf. spondai, league].

Jurid. and publicists' t. t.

In bargains, covenants, treaties, etc., to promise solemnly, to bind, engage, or pledge one's self (class.; syn.: recipio, stipulor, promitto; cf.: vadimonium obire, vadari); according to the civil law in its original form, it was essential to a binding contract verbally made (verbis) that a proposition and its acceptance should be expressed by the question spondes? and the answer spondeo; and only at a later period was the use of promitto, etc., valid (v. Sandars, Introd. ad Just. Inst. p. LV): verbis obligatio fit ex interrogatione et responsione, velut, Dari spondes? Spondeo. Dabis? Dabo. Promittis? Promitto;

sed haec quidem verborum obligatio: dari spondes? spondeo, propria civium Romanorum est, cetera vero juris gentium sunt,

Gai. Inst. 3, 91 sq.; Dig. 45, 1, 126; 45, 1, 133; cf.

the whole title,

ib. 45, 1: De verborum obligationibus: He. Aeternum tibi dapinabo victum, si vera autumas... Er. Sponden' tu istut? He. Spondeo, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 118: qui stulte spondet, Cato ap. Rufin. 18, p. 210:

quis stipulatus est? Ubi? Quo die? Quis spopondisse me dicit? Nemo,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 5, 13:

ut aliquando spondere se diceret,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142:

si quis quod spopondit, quā in re verbo se obligavit uno, si id non facit, etc.,

id. Caecin. 3, 7:

faeneris, quod stipulanti spoponderam tibi, reliquam pensiunculam percipe,

Col. 10 praef.:

ego meā fide spondeo futurum ut omnia invenias, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 1, 14, 10.—

To promise for another, to become security for a person, to enter bail, etc.:

quod multis benigne fecerit, pro multis spoponderit,

has become security, Cic. Planc. 19, 47:

sed tamen scire velim quando dicar spopondisse et pro patre anne pro filio,

id. Att. 12, 14, 2:

quod pro Cornificio me abhinc annis XXV. spopondisse dicit Flavius,

id. ib. 12, 17:

et se quisque paratum ad spondendum Icilio ostendere,

Liv. 3, 46, 7:

sponsum diceres advocasse, Cic. Fragm. Clod. et Cur. 3, 4, p. 29 B. and K.: hic sponsum vocat,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 67:

sponsum descendam, quia promisi,

Sen. Ben. 4, 39, 2. —

Transf., of promises or pledges made in behalf of a government, etc.:

non foedere pax Caudina, sed per sponsionem facta est... Spoponderunt consules, legati, quaestores, tribuni militum,

Liv. 9, 5, 4:

quod spondendo pacem servassent exercitum,

id. 9, 8, 15:

quid tandem si spopondissemus urbem hanc relicturum populum Romanum?

id. 9, 9, 6:

ea demum sponsio esset, quam populi jussu spopondissemus,

id. 9, 9, 13:

hosti nihil spopondistis, civem neminem spondere pro vobis jussistis,

id. 9, 9, 16.—

Esp., to promise or engage in marriage, betroth: qui uxorem ducturus erat ab eo unde ducenda erat, stipulabatur eam in matrimonium ductam iri; [p. 1746] qui daturus erat itidem spondebat. Tum quae promissa erat sponsa appellabatur, qui spoponderat ducturum, sponsus, Sulp. Dot. ap. Gell. 4, 4, 2: Ly. Istac lege filiam tuam sponden' mihi uxorem dari? Ch. Spondeo. Ca. Et ego spondeo idem hoc, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 38 sq.; 2, 4, 172: Me. Etiam mihi despondes filiam? Eu. Illis legibus, Cum illā dote quam tibi dixi. Me. Sponden' ergo? Eu. Spondeo, id. Aul. 2, 2, 78: Ph. Spondesne, miles, mi hanc uxorem? Th. Spondeo. Ph. Et ego huic victum spondeo, id. Curc. 5, 2, 73 sq.: sponden tu ergo tuam gnatam uxorem mihi? Ch. Spondeo et mille auri Philippum dotis, id. Trin. 5, 2, 34.—Hence, of women, alicui sponsam esse, to be betrothed, engaged to a man:

si volt Demipho Dare quantum ab hac accipio, quae sponsa est mihi,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 52:

scis, sponsam mihi (esse)?

id. Eun. 5, 9 (8), 6; Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 101 sq.; 2, 4, 172; 2, 4, 174; id. Poen. 5, 3, 43.—

= sponsionem facere (v. sponsio, II.), to lay a judicial wager, to enter into an agreement to pay contingent on the truth or falsity of an assertion: si hoc ita est, qui spondet mille nummūm? P. Afric. ap. Gell. 6 (7), 11, 9.— So, absol.:

cum illi jacenti latera tunderentur, ut aliquando spondere se diceret,

should declare that he made the required wager, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142 (cf. sponsum, P. a. fin. infra); Dig. 11, 5, 3.—

In gen., to promise sacredly, to warrant, vow (class.).

With fut. inf.:

promitto, recipio, spondeo, C. Caesarem talem semper fore civem, qualis hodie sit,

Cic. Phil. 5, 18, 51:

ut (eum) inimicissimum huic conjurationi futurum esse, promittam et spondeam,

id. Mur. 41, 90:

et ipse spondeo et omnes hoc tibi tui pro me recipient, te fructum esse capturum, etc.,

id. Fam. 13, 50, 2:

quis est qui spondeat eundum, si differtur bellum, animum postea fore,

Liv. 5, 5, 9:

quae si perpetua concordia sit, quis non spondere ausit, maximum hoc imperium brevi futurum esse?

id. 5, 3, 10:

spondebant animis id (bellum) P. Cornelium finiturum,

with full conviction, id. 28, 38, 9; cf. id. 3, 59, 3:

sponde affore reges,

Val. Fl. 3, 504.—

With inf. pres., to warrant, give assurance of an existing fact:

spondebo enim tibi, vel potius spondeo in meque recipio, eos esse M'. Curii mores,

Cic. Fam. 13, 17, 2.—

With acc. of thing (and often dat. pers.):

quibus cum consulem suum reliquissent, honores et praemia spopondistis,

Cic. Phil. 5, 11, 28: mihi sex menses sati' sunt vitae, septimum Orco spondeo, Poët. ap. Cic. Fin. 2, 7, 22: ea spondent, confirmant, quae, quidem mihi exploratiora essent, si remansissem, Cic Att. 11, 6, 3:

quod ego non modo de me tibi spondere possum, sed de te etiam mihi,

id. Fam. 15, 21, 1:

ac de infante (Tiberio) Scribonius mathematicus praeclara spopondit,

Suet. Tib. 14:

tantum sibi vel de viribus suis, vel de fortunā spondentes,

Just. 3, 4, 1; Amm. 24, 1, 8:

illius et dites monitis spondentibus Indi,

Val. Fl. 6, 117:

non si mihi Juppiter auctor Spondeat, hoc sperem Italiam contingere caelo,

Verg. A. 5, 18:

spondere fidem,

Ov. M. 10, 395:

officium Amori,

id. ib. 10, 418.—

Transf., of inanim. or abstract subjects (mostly poet. and post-Aug.):

nec quicquam placidum spondentia Martis Sidera presserunt,

Ov. Ib. 217:

quod prope diem futurum spondet et virtus et fortuna vestra,

Liv. 7, 30, 8:

eorum hominum erat, qui, quantum spes spopondisset, cuperent, ni, etc.,

id. 45, 19, 7:

magna de illo (Philippo) spes fuit propter ipsius ingenium, quod magnum spondebat virum,

Just. 7, 6, 1.— Hence, sponsus, a, um, P. a., promised, engaged, betrothed, affianced; substt,

sponsus, i, m., a betrothed man, a bridegroom: virgo Sponso superba, Titin. ap. Non. 305, 5:

accede ad sponsum audacter,

id. ib. 227, 15; Cic. Inv. 2, 26, 78:

sponsus regius,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 10.— Poet., of Penelope's suitors, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 28.—

spon-sa, ae, f., a betrothed woman, a bride:

scio equidem, sponsam tibi esse et filium ex sponsā tuā,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 12; Ter. And. 2, 1, 24:

flebilis sponsa,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 21 et saep.—Prov.: suam cuique sponsam, mihi meam, i. e. every one to his taste, Atil. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 20, 3.—

sponsum, i, n., a covenant, agreement, engagement: sponsum negare, to break or disown one's pledge, Hor. S. 1, 3, 95:

sponsus contra sponsum rogatus,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 107 Müll.—

Esp., a judicial wager (cf. sponsio, II.):

ex sponso egit,

Cic. Quint. 9, 32.

sponsĭo, ōnis, f. [spondeo], jurid. and publicists' t. t., a solemn promise or engagement to some performance (in bargains, covenants, treaties, etc.); a promise, guarantee, security, sponsion for any one (freq. and class.; cf.: pactio, foedus).

In gen.:

sponsio appellatur omnis stipulatio promissioque,

Dig. 50, 16, 7:

voti sponsio, quā obligamur deo,

Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 41:

Scandilium cogis sponsionem acceptam facere,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 139:

per inducias sponsionem faciunt, uti, etc.,

made an agreement, Sall. J. 79, 4:

non foedere pax Caudina sed per sponsionem facta est,

by giving surety, Liv. 9, 5, 2:

sponsione se obstringere,

id. 9, 8, 4:

sponsionem interponere,

id. 9, 9, 4; and:

tunc sponsio et pax repudietur... nec populus Romanus consulum sponsionem nec nos fidem populi Romani accusemus,

id. 9, 11, 5:

Ocriculani sponsione in amicitiam accepti,

id. 9, 41, 20; 39, 43, 5 (but Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 26, is spurious; v. Ritschl ad h. l.).—

In partic., in civil suits, a mutual agreement or stipulation of the parties, that he who loses should pay a certain sum to him who gains the cause, a sort of wager at law: per sponsionem hoc modo agimus;

provocamus adversarium tali sponsione: si homo quo de agitur ex jure Quiritium meus est, sestertios XXV. nummos dare spondes?

Gai. Inst. 4, 93:

condicio Quintio fertur, ut, si id factum negaret ceteraque, quae objecisset, sponsione defenderet sese,

Liv. 39, 43, 5:

in probrum suum sponsionem factam,

id. 40, 46, 14; hence, sponsio (sponsionem facere) si non (ni), a wager that, to agree to make a payment if not:

ut sponsionem facere possent, ni adversus edictum praetoris vis facta esset,

Cic. Caecin. 16, 45:

sponsio est, ni te Apronius socium in decumis esse dicat,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 59, § 135:

sponsionem milium nummūm facere cum lictore suo, ni furtis quaestum faceret,

id. ib. 2, 5, 54, § 131; cf.:

jubet Quinctium sponsionem cum Sex. Naevio facere, si bona sua ex edicto dies XXX. possessa non essent,

id. Quint. 8, 30; id. Fam. 7, 21 init.; id. Pis. 23, 55:

sponsione optime facere posse,

id. Caecin. 16, 45; id. Off. 3, 19, 77:

Apronium sponsione lacessivit,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 57, § 132:

sponsione vincere,

id. Quint. 27, 84.—Post-class., with quod:

de sponsione quam is cum adversario, quod vir bonus esset, fecerat,

Val. Max. 7, 2, 4:

sponsionem provocare, quod, etc.,

id. 2, 8, 2; 6, 1, 10.—With acc. and inf.:

Cleopatra sponsione revocavit, insumere se posse, etc.,

Macr. S. 2, 13.—

Hence, in gen., a bet, betting:

audax,

Juv. 11, 202.—

Meton., a sum of money deposited according to agreement, a stake, acc. to Varr L. L. 6, § 70 Müll.