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81 cumplir
v.1 to do, to carry out, to perform.los candidatos deben cumplir los siguientes requisitos the candidates shall meet o satisfy the following requirements2 to keep (promesa).cumplió su deseo de subir al Aconcagua she fulfilled her wish of climbing the AconcaguaElla cumple la ley She obeys the law.3 to reach (años).mañana cumplo 20 años I'm 20 o it's my 20th birthday tomorrowcumple años la próxima semana it's her birthday next week, she has her birthday next week¡que cumplas muchos más! many happy returns!4 to serve (condena).5 to expire.6 to do one's duty.cumplir con alguien to do one's duty by somebodypara o por cumplir out of politenesscumplir con el deber to do one's dutycumplir con la palabra to keep one's wordyo me limito a cumplir con mi trabajo I'm just doing my job7 to comply.este producto no cumple con la normativa europea this product doesn't comply with o meet European standards8 to fulfill, to carry out, to accomplish, to achieve.Ella cumple sus obligaciones She fulfills her duties.9 to do one's job, to comply.Ella cumple siempre She does her job always.10 to reach the age of, to get to the age of, to reach, to be.Ella cumplió cinco años She got to the age of five years.* * *2 (promesa) to keep4 (años) to be, turn■ ¡que cumplas muchos más! many happy returns!5 (satisfacer) to do, carry out, fulfil (US fulfill)1 (plazo) to expire, end2 (deuda, pago) to fall due1 (realizarse) to be fulfilled, come true2 (fecha) to be\cumplir con alguien to keep one's promise to somebodycumplir con el deber to do one's dutycumplir con la Iglesia to fulfil (US fulfill) one's religious obligationscumplir con la ley to abide by the lawcumplir con las obligaciones to fulfil (US fulfill) one's obligationscumplir con su palabra to keep one's wordpara cumplir / por cumplir as a formality* * *verb1) to accomplish, carry out2) fulfill, comply with3) expire•* * *1. VT1) (=llevar a cabo) [+ amenaza] to carry out; [+ promesa] to keep; [+ objetivo, sueño] to achieve; [+ ambición] to fulfil, fulfill (EEUU), achieve; [+ papel] to playlos contratan para cumplir las misiones más difíciles — they are hired to carry out o do the most difficult tasks
•
la cárcel no cumple su función preventiva — prison is failing to fulfil its role as o failing to act as a deterrentlos parques naturales cumplen la función de proteger nuestro patrimonio natural — nature reserves serve to protect our natural heritage
•
cumplió su palabra de aumentarnos el sueldo — he kept his promise to give us a pay riseles ha acusado de no cumplir su palabra — he has accused them of failing to keep o breaking their word
2) (=obedecer) [+ ley, norma, sentencia] to observe, obey; [+ orden] to carry out, obeysolo estoy cumpliendo órdenes — I'm only carrying out o obeying orders
•
hacer cumplir la ley/un acuerdo — to enforce the law/an agreement3) (=alcanzar) [+ condición, requisito] to comply with, fulfil, fulfill (EEUU), meetestos productos no cumplen las condiciones sanitarias exigidas — these products do not comply with o fulfil o meet the necessary health requirements
4) (=realizar) [+ condena, pena] to serve; [+ servicio militar] to do, completetiene el servicio militar cumplido — he has done o completed his military service
5) [con periodos de tiempo]a) [+ años]hoy cumple ocho años — she's eight today, it's her eighth birthday today
cuando cumplas los 21 años — when you're 21, when you reach the age of 21
¿cuántos años va a cumplir? — how old is he going to be?
¡que cumplas muchos más! — many happy returns!
b) [+ aniversario, días]6) (Naipes) [+ contrato] to make2. VI1) (=terminar) [plazo] to end, expire; [pago] to fall due2) (=hacer lo correcto) to do one's dutytengo la tranquilidad de haber cumplido — at least I can say that I did my duty o what was expected of me
mi marido no cumple en la cama — hum my husband isn't performing (in bed)
prepárales una sopita y con eso cumples — just make them a bit of soup, that's as much as can be expected of you
3)• cumplir con — [+ compromiso, acuerdo] to honour, honor (EEUU); [+ ley] to observe, obey; [+ condición, requisito, criterio] to fulfil, fulfill (EEUU), comply with, meet
tendrá que cumplir con lo estipulado en el acuerdo — he will have to comply with what was stipulated in the agreement
tendrán que cumplir con el calendario acordado — they will have to comply with the schedule we agreed on
para cumplir con los criterios de Maastricht — in order to comply with o meet the Maastricht criteria
4)5) frm (=corresponder)lo he recibido dos veces, con la amabilidad que me cumple — I've received him twice, with the friendliness that is expected of me
6) (Mil) to finish one's military service3.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1)b) <promesa/palabra> to keep; < compromiso> to honor*, fulfill*; <obligación/contrato> to fulfill*c) ( alcanzar) <objetivo/ambición> to achievela solicitud debe cumplir los siguientes requisitos — the application must fulfill the following conditions
el edificio no cumple las condiciones mínimas de seguridad — the building does not comply with minimum safety standards
d) ( desempeñar) < papel> to perform, fulfill*2) <condena/sentencia> to serve; < servicio militar> to do3) <años/meses>mañana cumple 20 años — she'll be o she's 20 tomorrow
¿cuándo cumples años? — when's your birthday?
2.mañana cumplimos 20 años de casados — (AmL) tomorrow we'll have been married 20 years
cumplir vi1)a)cumplir con algo — con obligación to fulfill* something, satisfy something; con tarea to carry out something; con trámite to comply with something; con requisito/condición to fulfill* something
cumple con su trabajo/deber — he does his job/duty
lo invité a comer, creo que cumplí — I took him out for lunch, so I think I've done my duty o (colloq) my bit
2) (en 3a pers) (frml) ( corresponder)3.me/nos cumple informarle que... — (Corresp) I am/we are writing to inform you that... (frml)
cumplirse v pron1) deseo/predicción to come true; ambición to be realized, be fulfilled2) plazo* * *= abide by, be due, fulfil [fulfill, -USA], satisfy, make + good, uphold.Nota: Verbo irregular: pasado y participio upheld.Ex. Any library coming into OCLC has to agree to abide by those standards.Ex. The date due calculated by the circulation programs is always checked against the list of dates the library is closed to ensure that a document is not due when it cannot be returned.Ex. We can only depend upon a rectangular building to fulfil this if it has a small floor area.Ex. This will satisfy the second objective of an author catalogue, in that it becomes easy to review the extent of a library's collection of works by a specific author.Ex. The British Library has announced a wide ranging programme using digital and networking technologies to make good its commitment to expedite access to its unparalleled collections.Ex. It's about time that we go back to these principles and make sure that the quality of cataloging is upheld.----* al cumplir la fecha = at term.* cumplir con = comply (with), conform to.* cumplir con la responsabilidad de Uno = do + Posesivo + share.* cumplir (con) lo convenido = fill + Posesivo + agreement.* cumplir (con) lo prometido = deliver + the goods, come up with + the goods, keep + Posesivo + word, live up to + Posesivo + word.* cumplir (con) + Posesivo + palabra = keep + Posesivo + word, live up to + Posesivo + word.* cumplir (con) + Posesivo + promesa = keep + Posesivo + word, live up to + Posesivo + word.* cumplir (con) un acuerdo = honour + commitment, honour + agreement, fill + Posesivo + agreement.* cumplir con una obligación = live up to + Posesivo + obligation, fulfil + obligation, honour + obligation.* cumplir (con) un compromiso = live up to + commitment.* cumplir (con) un criterio = meet + standard.* cumplir (con) un deber = discharge + duty.* cumplir (con) un plazo = meet + deadline, comply with + deadline.* cumplir con un principio = comport with + principle.* cumplir el turno de Uno en = take + Posesivo + turn at.* cumplir la condición de la búsqueda = match + request specification.* cumplir la ley = observe + the law.* cumplir la palabra = keep + Posesivo + word, live up to + Posesivo + word.* cumplir las condiciones para = be eligible for.* cumplir las expectativas = come up to + expectations.* cumplir las normas = abide by + rules and regulations.* cumplir lo que se dice = live up to + Posesivo + claim.* cumplir los requisitos = come up to + requirements.* cumplir los requisitos para = be eligible for.* cumplir + Posesivo + responsabilidad = carry out + Posesivo + responsibility.* cumplirse = hold + true, hold.* cumplir una condena = serve + time, serve + sentence.* cumplir una condición = meet + condition, satisfy + condition, fill + requirement.* cumplir una función = fulfil + function.* cumplir una misión = accomplish + mission.* cumplir una política = uphold + policy.* cumplir una promesa = fulfil + promise, live up to + Posesivo + promise, keep + Posesivo + promise.* cumplir una regla = observe + rule, comply with + rule.* cumplir una responsabilidad = accomplish + responsibility.* cumplir una sentencia = serve + sentence.* cumplir una tarea = accomplish + task.* cumplir un enunciado lógico de búsqueda = satisfy + logic statement.* cumplir un objetivo = fulfil + goal, meet + objective, meet + purpose, satisfy + purpose, serve + function, serve + purpose, meet + target, fulfil + objective.* cumplir un requisito = match + criterion, meet + criterion, meet + specification, satisfy + requirement, fill + requirement.* hacer cumplir = uphold.* hacer cumplir la disciplina = enforce + discipline.* hacer cumplir la legislación = enforce + legislation.* hacer cumplir la ley = law enforcement, enforce + law, legal enforcement.* hacer cumplir una norma = enforce + standard.* hacer cumplir una política = uphold + policy.* hacer cumplir unas normas = enforce + policy.* no cumplir = fall + short of, welsh on.* no cumplir con el plazo de publicación = miss + publication deadline.* no cumplir con + Posesivo + deber = be remiss.* no cumplir las expectativas = fall + short of expectations.* no cumplir lo esperado = fall + short of expectations.* no cumplir lo prometido = fall + short of + Posesivo + promise.* no cumplir una norma = fall (far) short of + norm.* no cumplir un objetivo = fall + short of goal.* no cumplir unos criterios = fall (far) short of + criteria.* no cumplir unos requisitos = fall + short of requirements.* organismo encargado de hacer cumplir la ley = law enforcing agency.* que cumple los requisitos = qualifying.* que no se puede hacer cumplir = unenforceable.* que se puede hacer cumplir = enforceable.* tener un deber que cumplir con = have + a responsibility to.* * *1.verbo transitivo1)b) <promesa/palabra> to keep; < compromiso> to honor*, fulfill*; <obligación/contrato> to fulfill*c) ( alcanzar) <objetivo/ambición> to achievela solicitud debe cumplir los siguientes requisitos — the application must fulfill the following conditions
el edificio no cumple las condiciones mínimas de seguridad — the building does not comply with minimum safety standards
d) ( desempeñar) < papel> to perform, fulfill*2) <condena/sentencia> to serve; < servicio militar> to do3) <años/meses>mañana cumple 20 años — she'll be o she's 20 tomorrow
¿cuándo cumples años? — when's your birthday?
2.mañana cumplimos 20 años de casados — (AmL) tomorrow we'll have been married 20 years
cumplir vi1)a)cumplir con algo — con obligación to fulfill* something, satisfy something; con tarea to carry out something; con trámite to comply with something; con requisito/condición to fulfill* something
cumple con su trabajo/deber — he does his job/duty
lo invité a comer, creo que cumplí — I took him out for lunch, so I think I've done my duty o (colloq) my bit
2) (en 3a pers) (frml) ( corresponder)3.me/nos cumple informarle que... — (Corresp) I am/we are writing to inform you that... (frml)
cumplirse v pron1) deseo/predicción to come true; ambición to be realized, be fulfilled2) plazo* * *= abide by, be due, fulfil [fulfill, -USA], satisfy, make + good, uphold.Nota: Verbo irregular: pasado y participio upheld.Ex: Any library coming into OCLC has to agree to abide by those standards.
Ex: The date due calculated by the circulation programs is always checked against the list of dates the library is closed to ensure that a document is not due when it cannot be returned.Ex: We can only depend upon a rectangular building to fulfil this if it has a small floor area.Ex: This will satisfy the second objective of an author catalogue, in that it becomes easy to review the extent of a library's collection of works by a specific author.Ex: The British Library has announced a wide ranging programme using digital and networking technologies to make good its commitment to expedite access to its unparalleled collections.Ex: It's about time that we go back to these principles and make sure that the quality of cataloging is upheld.* al cumplir la fecha = at term.* cumplir con = comply (with), conform to.* cumplir con la responsabilidad de Uno = do + Posesivo + share.* cumplir (con) lo convenido = fill + Posesivo + agreement.* cumplir (con) lo prometido = deliver + the goods, come up with + the goods, keep + Posesivo + word, live up to + Posesivo + word.* cumplir (con) + Posesivo + palabra = keep + Posesivo + word, live up to + Posesivo + word.* cumplir (con) + Posesivo + promesa = keep + Posesivo + word, live up to + Posesivo + word.* cumplir (con) un acuerdo = honour + commitment, honour + agreement, fill + Posesivo + agreement.* cumplir con una obligación = live up to + Posesivo + obligation, fulfil + obligation, honour + obligation.* cumplir (con) un compromiso = live up to + commitment.* cumplir (con) un criterio = meet + standard.* cumplir (con) un deber = discharge + duty.* cumplir (con) un plazo = meet + deadline, comply with + deadline.* cumplir con un principio = comport with + principle.* cumplir el turno de Uno en = take + Posesivo + turn at.* cumplir la condición de la búsqueda = match + request specification.* cumplir la ley = observe + the law.* cumplir la palabra = keep + Posesivo + word, live up to + Posesivo + word.* cumplir las condiciones para = be eligible for.* cumplir las expectativas = come up to + expectations.* cumplir las normas = abide by + rules and regulations.* cumplir lo que se dice = live up to + Posesivo + claim.* cumplir los requisitos = come up to + requirements.* cumplir los requisitos para = be eligible for.* cumplir + Posesivo + responsabilidad = carry out + Posesivo + responsibility.* cumplirse = hold + true, hold.* cumplir una condena = serve + time, serve + sentence.* cumplir una condición = meet + condition, satisfy + condition, fill + requirement.* cumplir una función = fulfil + function.* cumplir una misión = accomplish + mission.* cumplir una política = uphold + policy.* cumplir una promesa = fulfil + promise, live up to + Posesivo + promise, keep + Posesivo + promise.* cumplir una regla = observe + rule, comply with + rule.* cumplir una responsabilidad = accomplish + responsibility.* cumplir una sentencia = serve + sentence.* cumplir una tarea = accomplish + task.* cumplir un enunciado lógico de búsqueda = satisfy + logic statement.* cumplir un objetivo = fulfil + goal, meet + objective, meet + purpose, satisfy + purpose, serve + function, serve + purpose, meet + target, fulfil + objective.* cumplir un requisito = match + criterion, meet + criterion, meet + specification, satisfy + requirement, fill + requirement.* hacer cumplir = uphold.* hacer cumplir la disciplina = enforce + discipline.* hacer cumplir la legislación = enforce + legislation.* hacer cumplir la ley = law enforcement, enforce + law, legal enforcement.* hacer cumplir una norma = enforce + standard.* hacer cumplir una política = uphold + policy.* hacer cumplir unas normas = enforce + policy.* no cumplir = fall + short of, welsh on.* no cumplir con el plazo de publicación = miss + publication deadline.* no cumplir con + Posesivo + deber = be remiss.* no cumplir las expectativas = fall + short of expectations.* no cumplir lo esperado = fall + short of expectations.* no cumplir lo prometido = fall + short of + Posesivo + promise.* no cumplir una norma = fall (far) short of + norm.* no cumplir un objetivo = fall + short of goal.* no cumplir unos criterios = fall (far) short of + criteria.* no cumplir unos requisitos = fall + short of requirements.* organismo encargado de hacer cumplir la ley = law enforcing agency.* que cumple los requisitos = qualifying.* que no se puede hacer cumplir = unenforceable.* que se puede hacer cumplir = enforceable.* tener un deber que cumplir con = have + a responsibility to.* * *cumplir [I1 ]vtA1 (ejecutar) ‹orden› to carry outpara hacer cumplir la ley to ensure that the law is upheld o enforcedlos inquilinos que no cumplen estas normas tenants who do not abide by o comply with o observe these rulesla satisfacción del deber cumplido the satisfaction of having done one's duty, the satisfaction of having performed o ( frml) discharged one's dutyno se cumplió el calendario previsto they failed to adhere to the proposed schedule2 ‹promesa/palabra› to keepno cumple sus compromisos he doesn't honor o fulfill his obligations3(llenar, alcanzar): la solicitud debe cumplir los siguientes requisitos the application must fulfill the following conditionsel edificio no cumple las condiciones mínimas de seguridad the building does not comply with o come up to o meet minimum safety standardslos objetivos económicos que han de cumplirse cada año the financial goals which have to be met o must be achieved each yearnunca llegó a cumplir esta ambición he never achieved o managed to achieve this ambition4 (desempeñar) ‹papel› to perform, fulfill*la organización no cumple su cometido the organization is not fulfilling its functioncumplimos todos nuestros objetivos we achieved o accomplished all our aimsB ‹condena/sentencia› to serveestá cumpliendo el servicio militar he is doing his military serviceC [ Grammar notes (Spanish) ]‹años/meses› mañana cumple 20 años she'll be o she's 20 tomorrow¿cuándo cumples años? when's your birthday?¡que cumplas muchos más! many happy returns!¡que los cumplas muy feliz! have a very happy birthday!mañana cumplimos 20 años de casados ( AmL); tomorrow we'll have been married 20 years, tomorrow is our 20th wedding anniversaryla huelga cumple hoy su tercer día this is the third day of the strike■ cumplirviA1 cumplir CON algo ‹con un deber/una obligación›cumplimos con nuestro deber we did our dutyyo cumplí con lo que se me había asignado I carried out the task assigned to me, I carried out o performed o ( frml) discharged the duties assigned to meno cumplió con los trámites legales previstos he failed to comply with the relevant legal procedurecumple con su trabajo he does his job2(con una obligación social): lo invité a comer, creo que cumplí I took him out for lunch, so I think I've done my duty o ( colloq) my bita ver si por una vez cumples I hope you'll do as you say o you'll keep your word for oncenos invitó sólo por cumplir she only invited us because she felt she ought to o she felt it was the thing to do o she felt it was expected of her, she only invited us out of dutycumplir CON algn:con los Pieri ya hemos cumplido as far as the Pieris are concerned, we've done what was expected of us o we've done our duty by them(en sentido sexual): se queja de que ya no cumple she complains that he doesn't do his duty as a husband o doesn't fulfill his conjugal duties any more ( euphor hum)B ( en tercera persona)1 ( frml)(corresponder): me/nos cumple informarle que … ( Corresp) I am/we are writing to inform you that … ( frml)2 ( frml)(convenir): le cumple esforzarse más it behooves ( AmE) o ( BrE) behoves you to make more of an effort ( datedor frml), it is in your best interest that you should make more of an effortA «profecía/predicción» to come truese cumplieron sus deseos her wishes came truese cumplió su gran ambición her great ambition was realized o fulfilledB«plazo»: mañana se cumple el plazo para pagar el impuesto tomorrow is the last day o is the deadline for paying the taxhoy se cumple el primer aniversario de su muerte today marks o is the first anniversary of her death* * *
cumplir ( conjugate cumplir) verbo transitivo
1
‹ ley› to obey;
‹ compromiso› to honor( conjugate honor), fulfill( conjugate fulfill);
‹obligación/contrato› to fulfill( conjugate fulfill)
‹ requisitos› fulfill( conjugate fulfill);◊ ¡misión cumplida! mission accomplished
2 ‹condena/sentencia› to serve;
‹ servicio militar› to do
3 ‹años/meses›:
¡que cumplas muchos más! many happy returns!;
mañana cumplimos 20 años de casados (AmL) tomorrow we'll have been married 20 years
verbo intransitivo
‹ con tarea› to carry out sth;
‹ con trámite› to comply with sth;
‹con requisito/condición› to fulfill( conjugate fulfill) sth;
b) ( con una obligación social):
con los Lara ya hemos cumplido we've done our bit as far as the Laras are concerned (colloq)
cumplirse verbo pronominal
[ ambición] to be realized, be fulfilledb) [ plazo]:
hoy se cumple el primer aniversario de … today marks the first anniversary of …
cumplir
I verbo transitivo
1 (un proyecto, tarea) to carry out, fulfil, US fulfill
2 (un deseo) to fulfil
(promesa) to keep
3 (sentencia) to serve
4 (años) ayer cumplí treinta años, I was thirty (years old) yesterday
II verbo intransitivo
4 (actuar de acuerdo con) cumplir con lo pactado, to carry out an agreement
5 (quedar bien) to do the right thing (by): tenemos que cumplir con tu madre, we have to do our bit for your mother
6 (plazo) to expire, end
' cumplir' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
deber
- ejecutar
- hacer
- informal
- limitarse
- rito
- atender
- cumplido
- faltar
- mantener
- pacto
- portar
- prometido
English:
abide by
- achieve
- carry out
- comply
- conform
- discharge
- do
- enforce
- execute
- fulfil
- fulfill
- honour
- keep
- law
- live up to
- meet
- neglect
- obey
- observe
- order
- promise
- qualify
- reach
- satisfy
- serve
- serve out
- time
- turn
- act
- binding
- break
- carry
- community
- complete
- deliver
- follow
- function
- go
- hold
- honor
- infringe
- live
- word
* * *♦ vt1. [realizar] [deber] to do, to carry out, to perform;[contrato, obligaciones] to fulfil; [ley] to observe; [orden, amenaza] to carry out; [promesa] to keep;cumplir los mandamientos to keep o obey the commandments;cumplí las instrucciones al pie de la letra I followed the instructions to the letter;los que no cumplan las normas serán sancionados anyone failing to comply with o abide by the rules will be punished;el ministerio no está cumpliendo su cometido de fomentar el empleo the ministry is failing in its task of creating jobs, the ministry is not carrying out its brief of creating jobs;cumplió su deseo de subir al Aconcagua she fulfilled her wish of climbing Aconcagua;esta máquina cumple todos los requisitos técnicos this machine complies with o meets all the technical requirements;los candidatos deben cumplir los siguientes requisitos the candidates must meet o satisfy the following requirements2. [años] to reach;mañana cumplo veinte años I'm twenty o it's my twentieth birthday tomorrow;cumple años la próxima semana it's her birthday next week, she has her birthday next week;cuando cumplas los dieciocho te regalaremos una moto we'll give you a motorbike when you're eighteen o for your eighteenth (birthday);¡que cumplas muchos más! many happy returns!;tal y como está de salud, el abuelo no cumplirá los ochenta in his current state of health, it's unlikely that grandad will see his eightieth birthday;la Feria del Automóvil cumple este año su décimo aniversario the Motor Show celebrates its tenth anniversary this year3. [terminar] [condena] to serve;[servicio militar] to do♦ vi1. [plazo, garantía] to expire;el plazo de matriculación ya ha cumplido the deadline for registration is already up o has already expired2.cumplir con [norma, condición] [m5] este producto no cumple con la normativa europea this product doesn't comply with o meet European standards;varios países cumplen con los requisitos para acceder al mercado único several countries fulfil the criteria o meet the terms for joining the single market;yo me limito a cumplir con mi trabajo I'm just doing my job;cumplir con su deber to do one's duty;cumplir con su palabra to keep one's word3. [por cortesía]con el ramo de flores que le enviamos ya cumplimos I think we've done our duty o all that's expected of us by sending her a bunch of flowers;lo dijo por cumplir she said it because she felt she had to o out of politeness;acudió a la boda por cumplir con su hermano she went to the wedding out of a sense of duty to her brother4. Fam Euf [satisfacer sexualmente]acusó a su marido de no cumplir she accused her husband of failing to fulfil his marital o conjugal duties* * *I v/tfulfil2 condena serve3:cumplir diez años reach the age of ten, turn tenII v/i1:cumplir con algo carry sth out;cumplir con su deber do one’s duty2:te invita sólo por cumplir he’s only inviting you out of politeness* * *cumplir vt1) : to accomplish, to carry out2) : to comply with, to fulfill3) : to attain, to reachsu hermana cumple los 21 el viernes: her sister will be 21 on Fridaycumplir vi1) : to expire, to fall due2) : to fulfill one's obligationscumplir con el deber: to do one's dutycumplir con la palabra: to keep one's word* * *cumplir vb4. (pena) to serve5. (años) to be6. (plazo) to expire / to end -
82 उत्तर _uttara
1उत्तर a. [उद्-तरप्]1 Being or produced in the north, northern (declined like a pronoun).-2 Upper, higher P.I.1.34 (opp. अधर); उत्तरे-अधरे दन्ताः Śat. Br.; अवनतोत्तरकायम् R.9.6; P.II.2.1.-3 (a) Later-latter, following, subsequent (opp. पूर्व); पूर्वमेघः, उत्तरमेघः, ˚मीमांसा; उत्तरार्धः &c. ˚रामचरितम् later adventures of Rāma U.1.2; पूर्वः उत्तरः former-latter H.1.9; एतानि मान्यस्थानानि गरीयो यद्यदुत्तरम् Ms.2.136. (b) Future; concluding; ˚कालः subsequent time; ˚फलम्; ˚वचनम् a reply.-4 Left (opp. दक्षिण).-5 Superior, chief, excellent; dominant, power- ful. आनयेङ्गुदिपिण्याकं चीरमाहर चोत्तरम् Rām.2.13.2; वाद्यमानेषु तूर्येषु मल्लतारोत्तरेषु च Bhāg.1.42.36.-6 Exceeding, transgressing, beyond; तर्कोत्तराम् Mv.2.6.-7 More, more than (generally as the last member of a comp. with numerals); षडुत्तरा विंशतिः 26; अष्टोत्तरं शतं 18; दशनागबलाः केचित् केचिद्दशगुणोत्तराः Rām.5.43.22.-8 Accompanied or attended with, full of, consisting chiefly of, followed by (at the end of comp.); राज्ञां तु चरितार्थता दुःखोत्तरैव Ś.5; चषकोत्तरा R.7.49; अस्रोत्तर- मीक्षिताम् Ku.5.61; उत्सवोत्तरो मङ्गलविधिः Dk.39,166; K.311; H.1.15; प्रवाल ˚पुष्पशय्ये R.6.5 over spread with; धर्मोत्तरम् 13.7 rich in; 18.7; कम्प ˚ 13.28;17.12; 19.23.-9 To be crossed over.-रः 1 Future time, futurity.-2 N. of Viṣṇu.-3 N. of Śiva.-रा 1 The north; अस्त्युत्तरस्यां दिशि देवतात्मा Ku.1.1.-2 A lunar mansion.-3 N. of the daughter of Virāṭa and wife of Abhimanyu.-4 N. of a plant (Mar. पिंपरी).-रम् 1 An answer, reply; प्रचक्रमे च प्रतिवक्तुमुत्तरम् R.3.47; उत्तरादुत्तरं वाक्यं वदतां संप्रजायते Pt.1.6; a reply is suggested to a reply वचस्तस्य सपदि क्रिया केवलमुत्तरम् Śi.-2 (In law) Defence, a rejoinder.-3 The last part or following member of a compound.-4 (In Mīm.) The fourth member of an अधिकरण q. v. the answer.-5 The upper surface or cover.-6 Con- clusion.-7 Remainder, rest, what followed or took place next; शान्तमथवा किमिहोत्तरेण U.3.26.-8 Superiority, excellence.-9 Result, the chief or prevalent result or characteristic.-1 Excess, over and above; see above (उत्तर a. 8).-11 Remainder, difference (in arith.).-12 A rectangular moulding (Mānasāra 13.67.)-13 The next step, further action; उत्तरं चिन्तयामास वानरो मरुतात्मजः Rām.5.13.59.-14 A cover (आच्छादन); सू<?>स्करं सोत्तरबन्धुरेषम् Mb.6.6.9.-रम् ind.1 Above.-2 Afterwards, after; तत उत्तरम्, इत उत्तरम् &c. शापं तं ते$भिविज्ञाय कृतवन्तः किमुत्तरम् Mb.1.36.1.-Comp. -अगारम् An upper room, garet.- अधर a. higher and lower (fig. also). (-रौ du.) the upper and under lip, the two lips; पुनर्विवक्षुःस्फुरितोत्तराधरः Ku.5.83 (स्फुरण- भूयिष्ठो$धरो यस्य Malli.).-अधिकारः, -रिता, -त्वम् right to property, heirship, inheritance.-अधिकारिन् m. an heir or claimant (subsequent to the death of the ori- ginal owner).-अपरा north-west.-अभिमुख a. Turned towards the north.-अयनम् (˚यणं. न being changed to ण)1 the progress of the sun to the north (of the equator); अग्निर्ज्योतिरहः शुक्लः षण्मासा उत्तरायणम् Bg.8.24. cf. भानोर्मकरसंक्रान्तेः षण्मासा उत्तरायणम् । कर्कादेस्तु तथैव स्यात् षण्मासा दक्षिणायनम् ॥-2 the period or time of the sum- mer solstice.-अरणिः, -णी f. the upper अरणि (which by cutting becomes the प्रमन्थ or churner); दारुपात्राणि सर्वाणि अरणिं चोत्तरारणिम् (दत्त्वा) Rām.6.111.116.-अर्थ a. for the sake of what follows.-अर्धम् 1 the upper part of the body.-2 the northern part.-3 the latter half (opp. पूर्वार्ध).-4 the further end.-अर्ध्य a. being on the northern side.-अहः the following day.-आभासः a false reply, an indirect, evasive, or prevaricating reply. ˚ता, -त्वम् the semblance of a reply without reality.-आशा the northern direction. ˚अधिपतिः, -पतिः the regent of the northern direction, an epithet of Kubera.-आषाढा 1 the 21st lunar mansion consisting of three stars.-2 N. of bread-fruit or Jak tree (Mar. फणस).-आसङ्गः 1 an upper garment; कृतोत्तरासङ्गम् K.43; Śi.2.19; Ku.5.16.-2 contact with the north.- इतर a. other than उत्तर i. e. southern. (-रा) the southern direction.-उत्तर a. [उत्तरस्मादुत्तरः]1 more and more, higher and higher, further and further.-2 successive, ever increasing; ˚स्नेहेन दृष्टः Pt. 1; Y.2.136.(-रम्) 1 a reply to an answer, reply on reply; अलमुत्तरोत्तरेण Mu.3.-2 conversation, a rejoinder.-3 excess, exceeding quantity or degree.-4 succession, gradation, sequence.-5 descending. (-रम्) ind. higher and higher, in constant continuation, more and more. उत्तरोत्तरमुत्कर्षः K. P.1; उत्तरोत्तरं वर्धते H.1.-उत्तरिन् a.1 ever-increasing.-2 one following the other.-ओष्ठः the upper lip (उत्तरो-रौ-ष्ठः). Vārt. on P.VI.1.94. ओत्वोष्ठयोस्समासे वा-काण्डम् the seventh book of the Rāmāyaṇa.-कायः the upper part of the body; तं वाहनादवनतोत्तरकायमीषत् R.9.6.-कालः 1 future time.-2 time calculated from one full moon to another.-कुरु (m. pl.) one of the nine divisions of the world, the country of the northern Kurus (said to be a country of eternal beatitude).-कोसलाः (m. pl.) the northern Kosalas; पितुरनन्तरमुत्तरकोसलान् R.9.1.-कोशला the city of Ayodhyā; यदुपतेः क्व गता मथुरा पुरी रघुपतेः क्व गतोत्तरकोशला ॥ Udb.-क्रिया funeral rites, obsequies.-खण्डम् the last section of book.-खण्डनम् refutation.-गीता N. of a section of the sixth book of the Mahābhārata.-ग्रन्थः supplement to a work.-च्छदः a bed-covering, covering (in general); शय्योत्तरच्छदविमर्द- कृशाङ्गरागम् R.5.65,17.21; नागचर्मोत्तरच्छदः Mb.-ज a. born subsequently or afterwards; चतुर्दश प्रथमजः पुनात्युत्तरजश्च षट् Y.1.59.-ज्या the versed sine of an arc (Wilson); the second half of the chord halved by the versed sine (B. and R.).-ज्योतिषाः (m. pl.) the northern Jyotiṣas.-ततिः f. Ectype (lit. subequent proceedings) उत्तरस्यां ततौ तत्प्रकृतित्वात् MS.1.4.25. शबर explains उत्तरस्यां ततौ as विकृतौ),-तन्त्रम् N. of a supplementary section in the medical work of Suśruta.-तापनीयम् N. of the second part of the नृसिंहतापनीयो- पनिषद्.-दायक a. replying, disobedient, pert, imperti- nent; दुष्टा भार्या शठं मित्रं भृत्याश्चोत्तरदायकाः H.2.11.-दिश् f. the north.˚ईशः, -पालः 1 Kubera, the regent of the north.-2 the planet बुध. ˚बलिन्1 the planet Venus.-2 the moon.-देशः the country towards the north.-धेय a. to be done subsequently.-नारायणः the second part of the नारायणसूक्त or पुरुषसूक्त (Rv.1.9.).-पक्षः 1 the northern wing or side.-2 the dark half of a lunar month.-3 the second part of an argument, i. e. a reply, the reason pro. (opp. पूर्वपक्ष); प्रापयन् पवनव्याधेर्गिरमुत्तरपक्षताम् Śi.2.15.-4 a demonstrated truth or conclusion.-5 the minor proposition in a syllogism.-6 (in Mīm.) the fifth member of an Adhikaraṇa, q. v.-पटः 1 an upper garment.-2 a bed-covering (उत्तरच्छदः).-पथः the northern way, way leading to the north; the northern country; P.V.1 77. उत्तरपथेनाहृतं च.-पथिक a. travelling in the northern country.-पदम् 1 the last member of a compound.-2 a word that can be compounded with another.-पदिक, -पदकीय a. relating to, studying, or knowing the last word or term.-पर्वतकम् A variety of hides. Kāu. A.2.11.-पश्चार्धः the northwestern half.-पश्चिम a. northwestern. (-मः) the north-western country. (-मा) [उत्तरस्याः पश्चिमायाश्च दिशोन्तरालम्] the north-west; आलोकयन्नुत्तरपश्चिमेन Mb.12.335.8.-पादः the second division of a legal plaint, that part which relates to the reply or defence; पूर्वपक्षः स्मृतः पादो द्वितीयश्चोत्तरः स्मृतः । क्रियापादस्तृतीयः स्याच्चतुर्थो निर्णयः स्मृतः ॥-पुरस्तात् ind. north-eastward (with gen.).-पुराणम् N. of a Jaina work.-पुरुषः = उत्तमपुरुषः q. v.-पूर्व a. north-eastern. (-र्वा) the north-east.-प्रच्छदः a cover lid, quilt.-प्रत्युत्तरम् 1 a dispute, debate, a rejoinder, retort.-2 the pleadings in a law-suit.-फ (फा) ल्गुनी the twelfth lunar mansion consisting of two stars (having the figure of a bed).-भागः The second part.-भाद्रपद्, -दा 1 the 26 th lunar mansion consisting of two stars (figured by a couch).-2 N. of a plant (Mar. कडुनिंब).-मन्द्रा a loud but slow manner of singing. ˚मन्द्राद्या a. particular मूर्च्छना in music.-मात्रम् a mere reply.-मीमांसा the later Mīmāmsā, the Vedānta Philosophy, an inquiry into the nature of Brahman or Jñāna Kāṇḍa (distinguished from मीमांसा proper which is usually called पूर्वमीमांसा).-युगम् A particular measure (= 13 Aṅgulas).-रहित a. without a reply.-रामचरितम् -त्रम् N. of a celebrated drama by Bhavabhūti, which describes the later life of Rāma.-रूपम् The second of two combined vowels or consonants.-लक्षणम् the indication of an actual reply.-लोमन् a. having the hair turned upwards.-वयसम्, -स् n. old age, the declining period of life.-वरितः a kind of small syringe.-वल्ली f. N. of the second section of the काठकोपनिषद् when divided into two अध्यायs.-वस्त्रम्, -वासस् n. an upper garment, mantle, cloak; जग्राह तामुत्तरवस्त्रदेशे Mb.3.268. 24.-वादिन् m.1 a defendant, respondent; (Opp. पूर्ववादिन्.) साक्षिषूभयतः सत्मु साक्षिणः पूर्ववादिनः । पूर्वपक्षे$धरीभूते भवन्त्युत्तरवादिनः ॥ Y.2.17.-2 one whose claims are of later date than another's.-विद् -वेदन orवेदिन् An elephant sensitive to slight stimuli (Mātaṅga L.1.29; 9.39).-वीथिः f. The northern orbit; Bṛi. S.-वेदिः 1 the northern altar made for the sacred fire.-2 N. of a Tīrtha near the कुरुक्षेत्र.-सक्थम् the left thigh.-संझित a. denoted or named in reply (as a witness). (-तः) hearsay-witness.-साक्षिन् m.1 a witness for the defence.-2 a witness deposing to facts from the reports of others.-साधक a.1 finishing what remains or follows, assisting at a ceremony.-2 who or what proves a reply. (-कः) an assistant, helper-हनुः Ved. the upper jaw-bone.2उत्तर a.1 Crossing over.-2 To be crossed over, as in दुरुत्तर. -
83 HAFA
* * *(hefi; hafða, höfðum; hafðr), v.1) to have (þeir höfðu sjau skip ok flest stór);hafa elda, to keep up a five;2) to hold, celebrate (hafa vinaboð, blót, þing);3) to keep, retain (rifu þær vefinn í sundr, ok hafði hverr þat er hélt á);4) to use (tvau net eru rý, ok hafa eigi höfð verit);orð þau sem hann hafði um haft, which he had made use of;hafa fagrmæli við e-n, to flatter one;hafa hljóðmæli við e-n, to speak secretly to one;hafa tvimæli á e-u, to speak doubtfully of a thing;hafa viðrmæli um e-t, to use mocking words;hann var mjök hafðr við mál manna, much used to, versed in, lawsuits;5) to have, hold, maintain;hafa vináttu við e-n, to maintain friendship with one;hafa hættumikit, to run a great risk;hafa heilindi, to have good health;6) to bring, carry;hafa e-n heim með sér, to bring one home;hann hafði lög, út hingat ór Noregi, he brought laws hither from Norway;hafa sik (to betake oneself) til annara landa;7) to take, carry off;troll hafi þik, the trolls take thee;8) to get, gain, win;hann hafði eigi svefn, he got no sleep;hefir sá jafnan, er hættir, he wins that ventures;hafa gagn, sigr, to gain victor;hafa meira hlut, to get the upper hand, gain the day;hafa betr (verr), to get the better (worse) of it;hafa sitt mál, to win one’s suit;hafa tafl, to win the game;hafa erendi, to do one’s errand, succeed;hafa bana, to suffer death, to die;hafa sigr, to be worsted;hafa góðar viðtökur, to be well received;hafa tíðindi af e-m, to get tidings of, or from, one;hafa sœmd, óvirðing af e-m, to get honour, disgrace from one;with gen., hafa e-s ekki, to fail to catch one (hann kemst á skóg undan, ok höfðu þeir hans ekki);ekki munu vér hans hafa at sinni, we shall not catch him at present;9) to wear carry (clothes, weapons);hann hafði blán kyrtil, he wore a blue kirtle;hafa kylfu í hendi sér, to have a club in one’s hand;10) to behave, do, or fare, so an so esp. with an adv.;hafa vel, illa, vetr, to behave (do) well, badly, be worse;hafa sik vel, to behave;hafa vel, to be well off or happy;hafa hart, to be in a wretched plight;11) with infin., hafa at varðveita, to have in keeping at selja, to have on sale;lög hafið þér at mæla, you are right;12) hafa e-n nær e-u, to expose one to (þú hafðir svá nær haft oss úfœru);hafa nær e-u, to come near to, esp. impers.;nær hafði okkr nú, it was a narrow escape;svá nær hafði hausinum, at, the shot so nearly touched the head, that;ok er nær hafði, skipit mundi fljóta, when the ship was on the point of flloating;13) as an auxiliary verb, in the earliest time with the pp. of transitive verbs in acc.;hefir þú hamar um fólginn, hast thou hidden the hammer?;ek hefi sendan mann, I have sent a man;later with indecl. neut. pp.;hefir þú eigi sét mik, hast thou not seen me?;14) with preps.:hafa e-t at, to do, act;hann tók af þér konuna, en þú hafðir ekki at, but thou didst not stir, didst take it tamely;absol., viltu þess freista, ok vita hvat at hafi, wilt thou try and see what happens?;hafa e-t at hlífiskildi (skotspœni), to use as a shield (as a target);hafa e-n háði, hlátri, to mock, laugh at;hafa e-t at engu, vettugi, to hold for naught, take no notice of;hafa sakir á e-n have charges against one;hafa á rás, to take to one’s heels, run off;hafa e-t eptir, to do or repeat a thing after one;hafa e-t fram, to produce (vápn þorgils vóru fram höfð); to carry out, hold forth;hafa mál fram, to proceed with a suit;var um búit, ekki fram haft, all was made ready but nothing done;hafa e-t frammi, í frammi, to use, make use of (hafa í frammi kúgan);ok öll lögmæt skil frammi hafa, and discharge all on official duties;hafa e-t fyrir satt, to hold for true;eigi em ek þar fyrir sönnu hafðr, I am not truly aimed for that, it is a false charge;hafa e-n fyrir sökum um e-t, to charge one with;hafa í hótum við e-n, to threaten one;hafa e-t með höndum, to have in hand;höfum eiai sigrinn ór hendi, let not victory slip out of our hands;hafa ór við e-n, to behave so and so towards one (hefir þú illa ór haft við mik);hafa e-t til e-s to use for (höfðu þeir til varnar skot ok spjót); to be a reason or ground for;vér hyggjum þat til þess haft vera, at þar hafi menn sézt, we believe the foundation of the story is that men have been seen there;hafa mikit (lítit) til síns máls, to have much (little) in support of one’s case;hafa e-t til, to have at hand, possess;orð þau, sem hann hafði um haft, the words which he had used;keisari hafði fátt um, did not say much;hafa e-n undir, to get one under, subdue one;hafa e-t uppi, to take (heave) up (hafa uppi fœri, net);Skarpheðinn hafði uppi øxina, S. heaved up the axe;hafa flokk uppi, to raise a party, to rebel;hafa uppi tafl, to play at a game;hafa e-n uppi, to bring one to light;hafa uppi rœður, to begin a discussion;hafa e-t úti, to have done, finished (hafa úti sitt dagsverk);hafa við e-m, to be a match for one;hafa sik við, to exert oneself;hafa mikit (lítit) við, to make a great (little) display;hann söng messu ok bafði mikit við, and made much of it;hann bad jarl leita, bann hafði lítit við þat, he did it lightly;haf ekki slíkt við, do not say so;haf þú lítit við at eggja sonu þina, refrain from egging on thy sons;15) refl., hafast.* * *pret. hafði; subj. hefði; pres. sing. hefi (less correctly hefir), hefir, hefir; plur. höfum, hafit, hafa: the mod. pres. sing. is monosyllabic hefr or hefur, and is used so in rhymes—andvara engan hefur | … við glys heims gálaus sefur, Pass. 15. 6, but in print the true old form hefir is still retained; the monosyllabic present is used even by old writers in the 1st pers. before the personal or negative suffix, e. g. hef-k and hef-k-a ek for hefi-g and hefig-a ek, see e. g. Grág. (Kb.) 79, 82, in the old oath formula, hef-k eigi, Hallfred; hef ek, Fms. iii. 10 (in a verse); but not so in 3rd pers., e. g. hefir-a or hefir-at, Grág. l. c.: imperat. haf, hafðu: part. pass. hafðr, neut. haft;—hafat is an απ. λεγ., Vsp. 16, and is prob. qs. hafit from hefja, to heave, lift: [Ulf. haban; A. S. habban; Engl. have; Hel. hebben; Germ. haben; Dutch hebben; Dan. have, Swed. hafva: it is curious the Lat. form habere retains the consonant unchanged, cp. the Romance forms, Ital. avere, Fr. avoir, Span. haber, etc. ☞ Hafa is a weak verb, and thus distinguished from hefja (to lift, begin), which is a strong verb, answering to Lat. capere, incipere; but in sundry cases, as will be seen below, it passes into the sense of this latter word; as also in some instances into that of another lost strong verb, hafa, hóf, to behave, and hœfa, to hit]:—to have.A. To have; hann hafði með sér ekki meira lið, Fms. i. 39; hafði hverr hirð um sik, 52; höfðu þeir áttján skip, viii. 42; Sverrir hafði tvau hundrað manna, … þeir höfðu annan samnað á landi, 328; hann hafði mikit lið ok frítt, x. 36; þeir höfðu sjau skip ok flest stór, 102; hafa fjölmennar setur, Eb. 22; hann hafði menn sína í síldveri, Eg. 42; mun ek naut hafa þar sem mér þykkir hagi beztr, 716.II. to hold:1. to keep, celebrate; hafa ok halda, Dipl. i. 6; hafa átrúnað, 10; hafa dóma, 12; hafa blót, Fms. iv. 254; hafa vina-veizlu, id.; hafa vina-boð, Nj. 2; hafa Jóla-boð, Eg. 516; hafa þing, Fms. ix. 449; hafa haust-boð, Gísl. 27; hafa drykkju, Eb. 154; hafa leik, Fms. x. 201, passim.2. to hold, observe; hlýðir þat hvergi at hafa eigi lög í landi, Nj. 149; skal þat hafa, er stendr …, Grág. i. 7; skal þat allt hafa er finsk á skrá þeirri …, id.; en hvatki es mis-sagt es í fræðum þessum, þá es skylt at hafa þat (to keep, hold to be true) es sannara reynisk, Íb. 3; ok hafða ek (I kept, selected) þat ór hvárri er framarr greindi, Landn. 320, v. l.3. to hold, keep, retain; ef hann vill hafa hann til fardaga, Grág. i. 155; skal búandinn hafa hann hálfan mánuð, 154; ok hafði hvárr þat er hélt á, Nj. 279; hitt skal hafa er um fram er, Rb. 56; kasta í burt þrjátigi ok haf þat sem eptir verðr, 494.4. to hold an office; hafa lögsögu, to hold the office of lögsaga, Íb. passim; hafa jarldóm, konungdóm, passim; þat höfðu haft at fornu Dana-konungar, Eg. 267; þér berit konunga-nöfn svá sem fyrr hafa haft ( have had) forfeðr yðrir, en hafit lítið af ríki, Fms. i. 52; hafa ríki, to reign, Hkr. pref.5. phrases, hafa elda, to keep a fire, cook, Fms. xi. 129; hafa fjárgæzlu, to tend sheep, Eg. 740; hafa embætti með höndum, Stj. 204; hafa gæzlur á e-u, Fms. ix. 313; hafa … vetr, to have so many winters, be of such an age (cp. Fr. avoir … ans), Íb. 15; margir höfðu lítið fátt þúsund ára, Ver. 7: hafa vörn í máli, Nj. 93; hafa e-t með höndum, to have in hand, Fms. viii. 280, ix. 239; hafa e-t á höndum, Grág. i. 38; hafa fyrir satt, to hold for true, Fms. xi. 10; hafa við orð, to intimate, suggest, Nj. 160; hafa e-t at engu, vettugi, to hold for naught, take no notice of, Fas. i. 318.6. with prepp. or infin.,α. with prep.; hafa til, to have, possess; ef annarr þeirra hefir til enn annarr eigi, þá er sá skyldr til at fá honum er til hefir, Grág. i. 33; ef annarr hefir til …, id.; þér ætlið at ek muna eigi afl til hafa, Ld. 28.β. with infin.; hafa at varðveita, to have in keeping, Eg. 500; lög hafit þér at mæla, you have the law on your tongue, i. e. you are right, Nj. 101; hörð tíðindi hefi ek at segja þér, 64; sá er gripinn hefir at halda, Grág. i. 438; hafa at selja, to have on sale, Ld. 28.III. to use; var haft til þess sker eitt, Eb. 12; þá höfðu þeir til varnar skot ok spjót, Fms. vii. 193; er þín ráð vóru höfð, that thy advice was taken, Fs. 57; Gríss hafði þessi ráð, Fms. iii. 21; ek vil at þat sé haft er ek legg til, x. 249; þykki mér þú vel hafa ( make good use of) þau tillög er ek legg fyrir þik, xi. 61; til þess alls er jarli þótti skipta, þá hafði hann þessa hluti, 129; tvau ný (net), ok hafa eigi höfð verit ( which have not been used), haf þú ( take) hvárt er þú vilt, Háv. 46; þær vil ek hafa enar nýju, en ek vil ekki hætta til at hafa enar fornu, id.; önnur er ný ok mikil ok hefir ( has) til einskis höfð ( used) verið, id.; buðkr er fyrir húslker er hafðr, Vm. 171; gjalda vápn þau er höfð eru, N. G. L. i. 75; þat hafði hann haft ( used) fyrir skála, Edda 29; þeir vóru hafðir til at festa með hús jafnan, Nj. 118; sá hólmr var hafðr til at …, Fms. i. 218; hann skyldi hafa hinn sama eið, x. 7; orð þau sem hann hafði ( had) um haft ( used), Nj. 56; orð þau er hann hafði ( made use of) í barnskírn, K. Þ. K. 14.2. more special phrases; hafa fagrmæli við e-n, to flatter one, Nj. 224; hafa hljóðmæli við e-n, to speak secretly to one, 223; allmikil fjölkyngi mun vera við höfð áðr svá fái gört, Edda 27; hafa mörg orð um e-t, Ld. 268; hafa tvímæli á e-u, to discuss, doubt, speak diffidently of a thing, Lv. 52; hafa viðrmæli um e-t, to use mocking words, Nj. 89; hafa nafn Drottins í hégóma, to take the Lord’s name in vain, Fms. i. 310; (hann var) mjök hafðr við mál manna, much used to, versed in lawsuits, Dropl. 8: hafa sik til e-s, to use oneself to a thing, i. e. to do a mean, paltry thing; þeir er til þess vilja hafa sik, at ganga í samkundur manna úboðit, Gþl. 200; ef hann vill sik til þessa hafa, Fms. i. 99: hafa sik við, to exert oneself; skaltú ok verða þik við at hafa um þetta mál, ef þú getr þat af þér fært, Grett. 160: hafa e-n at skotspæni, to use one as a target, Nj. 222; hafa e-n at hlífi-skildi sér, to use one as a shield, 262; hafa e-n at ginningar-fifli, auga-bragði, háði, hlátri, Hm. 133, Nj. 224, passim.IV. to have, hold, maintain, of a state or condition; hafa vináttu við e-n, to maintain friendship with one, Sks. 662; hafa vanmátt, to continue sick, Eg. 565; hafa hættu-mikit, to run a great risk, Nj. 149; hafa vitfirring, to be insane, Grág. i. 154; hafa heilindi, to have good health, 26, Hm. 67; hafa burði til e-s, to have the birthright to a thing. Eg. 479; hafa hug, áræði, hyggindi, to have the courage …, Hom. 28; hafa vit ( to know), skyn, greind … á e-u, to have understanding of a thing; hafa gaman, gleði, skemtun, ánægju af e-u, to have interest or pleasure in a thing; hafa leiða, ógeð, andstygð, hatr, óbeit á e-u, to dislike, be disgusted with, hate a thing; hafa elsku, mætr, virðing á e-u, to love, esteeem … a thing; hafa allan hug á e-u, to bend the mind to a thing; hafa grun á e-m, to suspect one; hafa ótta, beyg af e-u, to fear a thing; and in numberless other phrases.2. with prepp.:α. hafa e-t frammi (fram), to carry out, hold forth; hafa frammi róg, Nj. 166; hafa mál fram, to proceed with a suit, 101; stefnu-för, 78; heitstrengingar, Fms. xi. 103; ok öll lögmælt skil frammi hafa, and discharge all one’s official duties, 232; var um búit en ekki fram haft, all was made ready, but nothing done, viii. 113; beini má varla verða betri en hér er frammi hafðr, xi. 52; hafðú í frammi ( use) kúgan við þá uppi við fjöllin, Ísl. ii. 215; margir hlutir, þó at hann hafi í frammi, Sks. 276.β. hafa mikit, lítið fyrir e-u, to have much, little trouble about a thing; (hence fyrir-höfn, trouble.)γ. hafa við e-m (afl or the like understood), to be a match for one, Fms. vii. 170, Lv. 109, Nj. 89, Eg. 474, Anal. 176; hafa mikit, lítið við, to make a great, little display; (hence við-höfn, display, pomp); hann söng messu ok hafði mikit við, he sang mass and made a great thing of it, Nj. 157; þú hefir mikit við, thou makest a great show of it, Boll. 351; hann bað jarl leita, hann hafði lítið við þat, he did it lightly, Nj. 141; haf ekki slíkt við, do not say so, Ld. 182.B. To take, carry off, win, wield, [closely akin to Lat. capere]:I. to catch, take, esp. in the phrase, hafa ekki e-s, to miss one; hann kemsk á skóg undan, ok höfðu þeir hans ekki, he took to the forest and they missed him, Nj. 130; ekki munu vér hans hafa at sinni, we sha’nt catch him at present, Fms. vi. 278; hafða ek þess vætki vífs, Hm. 101; þeygi ek hana at heldr hefik, 95: in swearing, tröll, herr, gramir hafi þik, the trolls, ghosts, etc. take thee! tröll hafi líf, ef …, Kormak; tröll hafi Trefót allan! Grett. (in a verse); tröll hafi þína vini, tröll hafi hól þitt, Nj.; herr hafi Þóri til slægan, confound the wily Thorir! Fms. vi. 278, v. l. (emended, as the phrase is wrongly explained in Fms. xii. Gloss.); gramir hafi þik! vide gramr.II. to carry, carry off, bring; hafði einn hjartað í munni sér, one carried the heart off in his mouth, Nj. 95; hann hafði þat ( brought it) norðan með sér, Eg. 42; hafði Þórólfr heim marga dýrgripi, 4; hann hafði með sér skatt allan, 62; skaltú biðja hennar ok hafa hana heim hingat, Edda 22; fé þat er hann hafði ( had) út haft ( carried from abroad), Gullþ. 13; á fimm hestum höfðu þeir mat, Nj. 74; bókina er hann hafði ( had) út haft, Fms. vii. 156; konungr hafði biskup norðr til Björgynjar með sér, viii. 296; biskup lét hann hafa með sér kirkju-við ok járn-klukku, Landn. 42; hann hafði með sér skulda-lið sitt ok búferli, Eb. 8; hann tók ofan hofit, ok hafði með sér flesta viðu, id.; ok hafa hana í brott, Fms. i. 3; tekr upp barnit, ok hefir heim með sér, Ísl. ii. 20; hann hafði lög út hingat ór Noregi, he brought laws hither from Norway, Íb. 5; haf þú heim hvali til bæjar, Hým. 26; ok hafa hann til Valhallar, Nj. 119.III. to take, get; hann hafði þá engan mat né drykk, he took no food nor drink, Eg. 602; hann hafði eigi svefn, he got no sleep, Bs. i. 139.2. to get, gain, win; öfluðu sér fjár, ok höfðu hlutskipti mikit, Eg. 4; eigi þarftú at biðja viðsmjörs þess, þvíat hann mun þat alls ekki hafa, né þú, for neither he nor thou shall get it, Blas. 28; jarl vill hafa minn fund, he will have a meeting with me, 40, Skv. 1. 4: the sayings, hefir sá jafnan er hættir, he wins that risks, ‘nothing venture, nothing have,’ Hrafn. 16; sá hefir krás er krefr, Sl. 29.3. phrases, hafa meira hlut, to get the better lot, gain the day, Nj. 90, Fms. xi. 93; hafa gagn, sigr, to gain victory, ix. 132, Eg. 7, Hkr. i. 215, Ver. 38; hafa betr, to get the better; hafa verr, miðr, to have the worst of it, Fms. v. 86, Þorst. S. St. 48, passim; hafa mál sitt, to win one’s suit, Grág. i. 7, Fms. vii. 34; hafa kaup öll, to get all the bargain, Eg. 71; hafa tafl, to win the game, Fms. vii. 219; hafa erendi, to do one’s errand, succeed, Þkv. 10, 11, Fas. ii. 517: hafa bana, to have one’s bane, to die, Nj. 8; hafa úsigr, to be worsted, passim; hafa úfrið, to have no peace; hafa gagn, sóma, heiðr, neisu, óvirðing, skömm, etc. af e-u, to get profit, gain, honour, disgrace, etc. from a thing; hafa e-n í helju, to put one to death, Al. 123; hafa e-n undir, to get one under, subdue him, Nj. 95, 128; höfum eigi, sigrinn ór hendi, let not victory slip out of our hands, Fms. v. 294.4. to get, receive; hann hafði góðar viðtökur, Nj. 4; hón skal hafa sex-tigi hundraða, 3; skyldi Högni hafa land, 118; selja skipit, ef hann hafði þat fyrir ( if he could get for it) sem hann vildi; Flosi spurði í hverjum aurum hann vildi fyrir hafa, hann kvaðsk vildu fyrir hafa land, 259; hafa tíðindi, sögur af e-m, to have, get tidings of or from one, Ld. 28; hafa sæmd, metorð óvirðing, to get honour, disgrace from one’s hands, Nj. 101; hafa bætr, to get compensation, Grág. i. 188; hafa innstæðuna eina, id.; hafa af e-m, to have the best of one, cheat one.IV. to carry, wear, of clothes, ornaments, weapons:1. of clothes, [cp. Lat. habitus and Icel. höfn = gear]; hafa hatt á höfði, Ld. 28; hafa váskufl yztan klæða, … þú skalt hafa undir ( wear beneath) hin góðu klæði þín, Nj. 32; hann hafði blán kyrtil, … hann hafði svartan kyrtil, Boll. 358; hafa fald á höfði, to wear a hood; hón hafði gaddan rautt á höfði, Orkn. 304; hann hafði um sik breitt belti, he wore a broad belt, Nj. 91; hafa fingr-gull á hendi, 146: to have about one’s person, vefja saman ok hafa í pungi sínum, Edda 27; hlutir sem mönnum var títt at hafa, Fms. xi. 128.2. of weapons, to wield, carry; spjót þat er þú hefir í hendi, Boll. 350; hafa kylfu í hendi sér, to have a club in one’s hand, Fms. xi. 129; hafa staf í hendi, to have a stick in the hand, Bárð.; Gunnarr hafði atgeirinn ok sverðit, Kolskeggr hafði saxit, Hjörtr hafði alvæpni, Nj. 93; hann hafdi öxi snaghyrnda, Boll. 358; hann hafði kesjuna fyrir sér, he held the lance in rest, Eg. 532.V. here may be added a few special phrases; hafa hendr fyrir sér, to grope, feel with the hands (as in darkness); hafa vit fyrir sér, to act wisely; hafa at sér hendina, to draw one’s hand back, Stj. 198; hafa e-t eptir, to do or repeat a thing after one, Konr.; hafa e-t yfir, to repeat (of a lesson): hafa sik, to betake oneself; hafa sik til annarra landa, Grett. 9 new Ed.; hann vissi varla hvar hann átti at hafa sik, he knew not where ( whither) to betake himself, Bs. i. 807; hefir hann sik aptr á stað til munklífisins, Mar.C. Passing into the sense of hefja (see at the beginning); hafa e-t uppi, to heave up, raise; hafa flokk uppi, to raise a party, to rebel, Fb. ii. 89: hafa uppi færi, net, a fisherman’s term, to heave up, take up the net or line, Háv. 46; Skarphéðinn hafði uppi ( heaved up) öxina, Nj. 144: hafa uppi tafl, to play at a game, Vápn. 29; þar vóru mjök töfl uppi höfð ok sagna-skemtan, Þorf. Karl. 406, v. l.: hafa e-n uppi, to hold one up, bring him to light; svá máttu oss skjótast uppi hafa, Fær. 42: metaph. to reveal, vándr riddari hafði allt þegar uppi, Str. 10.2. with the notion to begin; Bárðr hafði uppi orð sín ( began his suit) ok bað Sigríðar, Eg. 26, Eb. 142; hafa upp stefnu, to begin the summons, Boll. 350; hafa upp ræður, to begin a discussion; ræður þær er hann hafði uppi haft við Ingigerði, Fms. iv. 144, where the older text in Ó. H. reads umræður þær er hann hafði upp hafit (from hefja), 59; cp. also Vsp., þat langniðja-tal mun uppi hafat (i. e. hafit) meðan öld lifir, 16, (cp. upp-haf, beginning); þó at ek hafa síðarr um-ræðu um hann, better þó at ek hafa (i. e. hefja) síðarr upp ræðu um hann, though I shall below treat of, discuss that, Skálda (Thorodd) 168; er lengi hefir uppi verit haft síðan (of a song), Nj. 135; cp. also phrases such as, hafa á rás, to begin running, take to one’s heels, Fms. iv. 120, ix. 490; næsta morgin hefir út fjörðinn, the next morning a breeze off land arose, Bs. ii. 48: opp. is the phrase, hafa e-t úti, to have done, finished; hafa úti sitt dags-verk, Fms. xi. 431; hafa úti sekt sína, Grett. 149.D. Passing into the sense of a lost strong verb, hafa, hóf (see at the beginning), to behave, do, act:I. with an adverb, hafa vel, ílla, or the like, to behave, and in some instances to do well or badly, be happy or unhappy,α. to behave; en nú vil ek eigi verr hafa en þú, Fms. iv. 342; þeir sögðu at konungr vildi verr hafa en þeir, 313; hefir þú ílla ór (málum or the like understood) haft við mik, Fs. 140; ólikr er Gísli öðrum í þolinmæði, ok hefir hann betr en vér, Gísl. 28.β. to do so and so (to be happy, unhappy); verr hafa þeir er trygðum slitu, Mkv. 3; ílla hefir sá er annan svíkr, 18; vel hefir sá er þat líða lætr, 6; vel hefir sá ( he is happy) er eigi bíðr slíkt íllt þessa heims, Fms. v. 145; hvílíkt hefir þú, how dost thou? Mar.; hafa hart, to do badly, to be wretched; at sál Þorgils mætti fyrir þær sakir eigi hart hafa, Sturl. iii. 292, Mar.; Ólafr hafði þá hölzti ílla, O. was very poorly, D. N. ii. 156; þykisk sá bezt hafa ( happiest) er fyrstr kemr heim, Fms. xi. 248; þá hefir hann bazt af hann þegir, i. e. that is the best he can do if he holds his tongue, Hm. 19; þess get ek at sá hafi verr ( he will make a bad bargain) er þik flytr, Nj. 128; úlfgi hefir ok vel, the wolf is in a bad plight, Ls. 39; mun sá betr hafa er eigi tekr við þér, id.; betr hefðir þú, ef …, thou wouldest do better, if …, Akv. 16.γ. adding sik; hafa sik vel, to behave well, Fms. x. 415, Stj. 436.II. with the prep. at, to do, act, (hence at-höfn, at-hæfi, act, doing); hann lét ekki til búa vígs-málit ok engan hlut at hafa, Nj. 71; en ef þeim þykkir of lítið féit tekit, þá skulu þeir hafa at hit sama, to act in the same way, Grág. ii. 267; hvatki es þeir hafa at, Fms. xi. 132; hann tók af þér konuna, en þú hafðir ekki at, but thou didst not stir, didst take it tamely, Nj. 33; bæði munu menn þetta kalla stórvirki ok íllvirki, en þó má nú ekki at hafa, but there is no help for it, 202; eigi sýnisk mér meðal-atferðar-leysi, at vér höfum eigi at um kvámur hans, i. e. that we submit tamely to his coming, Fs. 32: absol., viltú þess freista, ok vita þá hvat at hafi, wilt thou try and see how it will do? Bjarn. 27; en nú skaltú fara fyrir, ok vita hvat at hafi, Bs. i. 712.III. phrases, hafa hátt, to be noisy, talk loud, Fms. i. 66; við skulum ekki hafa hátt ( do not cry loud) hér er maðr á glugganum, a lullaby song; hafa lágt, to keep silent; hafa hægt, to keep quiet; hafa sik á (í) hófi, to compose oneself, Ls. 36; hafa í hótum við e-n, to use threatening ( foul) language, Fb. i. 312; hafa í glett við e-n, to banter one, Fms. viii. 289; hafa íllt at verki, to do a bad deed, Ísl. ii. 184.E. Passing into the sense of the verb hæfa (see at the beginning), to aim at, hit, with dat.:I. to hit; svá nær hafði hausinum, at …, the shot so nearly hit the head, that …, Fms. ii. 272; þat sama forað, sem henni hafði næst váða, those very precipices from which she had so narrow an escape, Bs. i. 200, Fms. ix. 357; nær hafði nú, at skjótr mundi verða okkarr skilnaðr, Al. 124; nær hafði okkr nú, it struck near us, it was a narrow escape, Fms. viii. 281; kvaðsk svá dreymt hafa ( have dreamed), at þeim mundi nær hafa, ix. 387, v. l.; ok er nær hafði at skipit mundi fljóta, when the ship was on the point of floating, Ld. 58; ok hafði svá nær (it was within a hair’s breadth), at frændr Þorvalds mundu ganga at honum, Nj. 160; ok hafði svá nær at þeir mundi berjask, Íb. 11, cp. Bs. i. 21: the phrase, fjarri hefir, far from it! Edda (in a verse).2. to charge; eigi em ek þar fyrir sönnu hafðr, I am not truly aimed at for that, ‘tis a false charge, Eg. 64; þeim manni er fyrir sökum er hafðr, i. e. the culprit, Grág. i. 29; cp. the mod. phrase, hafa á e-u, to make a charge of a thing; það varð ekki á því haft, they could not make a case for a charge of it.II. metaph. to be the ground or reason for, (hence til-hæfa, reason, fact, foundation); til þess ætla vitrir menn þat haft at Ísland sé Tile (i. e. Thule) kallað, at …, learned men suppose that is the reason that Iceland is called Thule, that …, Landn. (pref.); mikit mun til haft, er einmæli er um (there must be some reason for it, because all people say so), Þorgils segir, eigi er fyrir haft ( there is no ground whatever for it), at ek mæla betr fyrir griðum en aðrir menn, Ísl. ii. 379; vér hyggjum þat til þess haft vera, at þar hafi menn sésk, we believe the substance of the story is that men have been seen there, Fms. xi. 158; hvat er til þess haft um þat (what is the truth of the matter?), hefir sundr-þykki orðit með ykkr? Boll. 364: in the saying, hefir hverr til síns ágætis nokkut, every one gets his reputation for something, Nj. 115.2. to happen, coincide; hefir svá til, at hann var þar sjálfr, Fms. xi. 138, v. l.β. the phrase, hafa mikit (lítið) til síns máls, to have much ( little) reason for one’s tale, i. e. to be much, little, in the right, Fms. vii. 221, xi. 138 (v. l.), Nj. 88: um þenna hefir svá stórum, it matters so much with this man, (v. l. for mun stórum skipta), Fms. xi. 311.F. REFLEX. to keep, dwell, abide, but only of a temporary shelter or abode, cp. Lat. habitare, (cp. also höfn, a haven); hann hefsk á náttartíma niðri í vötnum, at night-time he keeps down in the water, Stj. 77: to live, þeir höfðusk mjök í kaupferðum, they spent much of their life in travelling, Hkr. i. 276; hann hafðisk löngum í bænum, Bs. i. 353.β. with prep. við; hér mun ek við hafask ( I will stay here) en þú far til konungs, Fb. ii. 125; hafðisk hann við á skógum eðr í öðrum fylgsnum, 302; því at hann hafðisk þá á skipum við, Fms. viii. 44; hvílsk heldr ok hafsk við í því landi, rest and stay in that land, Stj. 162; Ásgeirr hafðisk við uppi í dalnum, Sd. 154; hafask lind fyrir, to cover oneself with a shield (?), Vsp. 50; hafask hlífar fyrir, to be mailed in armour, Hkm. 11.2. hafask at, to do, behave (cp. D. above); vóru þeir þá svá móðir, at þeir máttu ekki at hafask, Fms. ii. 149; en síðan skulut þér at hafa slíkt sem ek kann fyrir segja, i. 158; þat eitt munu við at hafask, at ek mun betr göra en þú, Nj. 19; Lambi sá hvat Steinarr hafðisk at, Eg. 747.3. hafask vel, to do well, thrive; vaxa ok vel hafask, to wax and do well, Hm. 142; nú er þat bæn mín, at þér hafisk við vel, that you bear yourself well up, Fms. ix. 497; Jungfrúin hafðisk vel við í ferðinni, x. 86; at fé hans mundi eigi hafask at betr at meðal-vetri, Grág. ii. 326.4. recipr., hafask orð við, to speak to one another; ok er þat ósiðlegt, at menn hafisk eigi orð við, Fs. 14; þar til er þeir hafask réttar tölur við, N. G. L. i. 182.II. part. hafandi is used in the sense of having conceived, being with child; þá verit hann varr við at hón var hafandi, 656 B. 14; hón skyldi verða hafandi at Guðs syni, id.; generally, allt þat er hafanda var lét burð sinn ok ærðisk, Fms. vii. 187; svá sem hón verðr at honum hafandi, Stj. 178; (hence barns-hafandi, being with child.)G. The word hafa is in the Icel., as in other Teut. languages, used as an auxiliary verb with a part. pass. of another verb, whereby a compound preterite and pluperfect are formed as follows:I. in transitive verbs with acc. the participle also was put in acc., agreeing in gender, number, and case with the objective noun or pronoun; this seems to have been a fixed rule in the earliest time, and is used so in all old poems down at least to the middle of the 11th century, to the time of Sighvat (circ. A. D. 990–1040), who constantly used the old form,—átt is an apostrophe for átta in the verse Ó. H. 81:1. references from poets, Gm. 5, 12, 16; þá er forðum mik fædda höfðu, Vsp. 2; hverr hefði lopt lævi blandit eðr ætt jötuns Óðs mey gefna, 29; þær’s í árdaga áttar höfðu, 60: ek hafða fengna konungs reiði, Ad. 3; en Grjótbjörn um gnegðan hefir, 18; mik hefir marr miklu ræntan, Stor. 10; þó hefir Míms-vinr mér um fengnar bölva bætr, 22: gaupur er Haraldr hafi sveltar, Hornklofi: Loka mær hefir leikinn allvald, Ýt. 7; sá hafði borinn brúna-hörg, 14; jarlar höfðu veginn hann, 15: ek hef orðinn ( found) þann guðföðr (verða is here used as trans.), Hallfred; höfum kera framðan, id.: hann hefir litnar, sénar, hár bárur, Ísl. ii. 223, thus twice in a verse of A. D. 1002; göngu hefik of gengna, Korm. (in a verse); hann hafði farna för, Hkr. i. (Glum Geirason); ek hefi talðar níu orustur, Sighvat; þú hefir vanðan þik, id.; ér hafit rekna þá braut, Ó. H. 63 (Óttar Svarti); hann hefir búnar okkr hendr skrautliga, Sighvat (Ó. H. 13); þeir hafa færð sín höfuð Knúti, id.; hvar hafit ér hugðan mér sess, id.; hafa sér kenndan enn nørðra heims enda, id.; Sighvatr hefir lattan gram, id.; hefir þú hamar um fólginn, Þkv. 7, 8; þú hefir hvatta okkr, Gkv. 6; ek hefi yðr brennda, Am. 39, cp. 56; hefi ek þik minntan, 81; hefir þú hjörtu tuggin, Akv. 36; hefir þú mik dvalðan, Hbl. 51; ek hefi hafðar þrár, I have had throes, Fsm. 51; en ek hann görvan hef-k, svá hefi ek studdan, 12 (verse 13 is corrupt); hann hefir dvalða þik, Hkv. Hjörv. 29; lostna, 30; mik hefir sóttan meiri glæpr, 32; ek hefi brúði kerna, id.; þú hefir etnar úlfa krásir, opt sár sogin, Hkv. 1. 36; sá er opt hefir örnu sadda, 35; hefir þú kannaða koni óneisa, 23; þá er mik svikna höfðut, Skv. 3. 55; hann hafði getna sonu, Bkv. 8; þann sal hafa halir um görvan, Fm. 42; bróður minn hefir þú benjaðan, 25; er hann ráðinn hefir, 37; sjaldan hefir þú gefnar vargi bráðir, Eg. (in a verse).2. references from prose; this old form has since been turned into an indecl. neut. sing. part. -it. The old form was first lost in the strong verbs and the weak verbs of the first conjugation: in the earliest prose both forms are used, although the indecl. is more freq. even in the prose writers, as Íb., the Heiðarv. S., the Miracle-book in Bs., Njála, Ó. H., (Thorodd seems only to use the old form,) as may be seen from the following references, Björn hafði særða þrjá menn, Nj. 262; hann mundi hana hafa gipta honum, 47; hann hafði þá leidda saman hestana, 264: ek hefi sendan mann, Ísl. (Heiðarv. S.) ii. 333; ek nefi senda menn, id.: hafa son sinn ór helju heimtan, Bs. (Miracle-book) i. 337; en er þeir höfðu niðr settan sveininn, 349; hann hafði veidda fimm tegu fiska, 350: er þér hefir ílla neisu gorva, Ó. H. 107: þá hefi ek fyrri setta þá í stafrófi, Skálda (Thorodd) 161; þar hefi ek við görva þessa stafi fjóra, id.; hafa hann samsettan, 167: góða fylgd hefir þú mér veitta, Þorst Síðu H. 2: sagði, at Ólafr konungr hafði sendan hann, Bs. i. 11: Þyri, er hertogi hafði festa nauðga, Fms. x. 393 (Ágrip): hefi ek þá svá signaða ok magnaða, v. 236: hefir sólin gengna tvá hluti, en einn úgenginn, K. Þ. K. 92 (Lund’s Syntax, p. 12).β. again, neut. indecl., hana hafði átt fyrr Þoróddr, Ísl. ii. 192: hón hafði heimt húskarl sinn …, Ísl. (Heiðarv. S.) ii. 339; hann hefir ekki svá vel gyrt hest minn, 340; hefir þú eigi séð mik, 341; hve hann hafði lokkat hann. id.; gistingar hefi ek yðr fengit, 343: þeir höfðu haft úfrið ok orrostur, Íb. 12; hann hafði tekið lögsögu, 14: stafr er átt hafði Þorlákr, Bs. (Miracle-book) i. 340; er þær höfðu upp tekit ketilinn ok hafit …, 342; göngu es hann hafði gingit, 344; es sleggjuna hafði niðr fellt, 346; sem maðr hefði nýsett (hana) niðr, id.; jartein þá er hann þóttisk fingit hafa, 347; hafði prestrinn fært fram sveininn, 349: hjálm er Hreiðmarr hafði átt, Edda 73: hafa efnt sína heitstrenging, Fms. (Jómsv. S.) xi. 141: slíkan dóm sem hann hafði mér hugat, Ó. H. 176, etc. passim:—at last the inflexion disappeared altogether, and so at the present time the indecl. neut. sing. is used throughout; yet it remains in peculiar instances, e. g. konu hefi eg mér festa, Luke xiv. 20, cp. Vídal. ii. 21. ☞ This use of the inflexive part. pass. may often serve as a test of the age of a poem, e. g. that Sólarljóð was composed at a later date may thus be seen from verses 27, 64, 72, 73, 75, 79; but this test is to be applied with caution, as the MSS. have in some cases changed the true forms (-inn, -ann, and -it, -an being freq. abbreviated in the MSS. so as to render the reading dubious). In many cases the old form is no doubt to be restored, e. g. in vegit to veginn, Fm. 4, 23; búit to búinn, Hkv. Hjörv. 15; borit to borinn, Hkv. 1. 1; beðit to beðinn, Fsm. 48; orðit to orðin, Og. 23; roðit to roðinn, Em. 5; brotið to brotinn, Vkv. 24, etc.: but are we to infer from Ls. 23, 26, 33, that this poem is of a comparatively late age?II. the indecl. neut. sing. is, both in the earliest poems and down to the present day, used in the following cases:1. with trans. verbs requiring the dat. or gen.; ek hefi fengit e-s, hann hafði fengit konu; hafa hefnt e-s, Fms. xi. 25; sú er hafði beðit fjár, Þkv. 32; stillir hefir stefnt mér, Hkv. Hjörv. 33, and so in endless cases.2. in the reflex. part. pass.; þeir (hann) hafa (hefir) látisk, farisk, sagsk, etc.3. in part. of intrans. neut. verbs, e. g. þeir þær (hann, hón), hafa (hefir) setið, staðit, gengit, legit, farit, komit, verit, orðit, lifað, dáit, heitið …, also almost in every line both of prose and poetry.4. in trans. verbs with a neut. sing. in objective case the difference cannot be seen.☞ The compound preterite is common to both the Romance and Teutonic languages, and seems to be older in the former than in the latter; Grimm suggests that it originated with the French, and thence spread to the Teutons. That it was not natural to the latter is shewn by the facts, thatα. no traces of it are found in Gothic, nor in the earliest Old High German glossaries to Latin words.β. in the earliest Scandinavian poetry we can trace its passage from declinable to indeclinable.γ. remains are left in poetry of a primitive uncompounded preterite infinitive, e. g. stóðu = hafa staðit, mundu, skyldu, vildu, etc., see Gramm. p. xxv, col. 2. ☞ We may here note a curious dropping of the verb hefir, at ek em kominn hingat til lands, ok verit áðr ( having been) langa hríð utan-lands, Ó. H. 31, cp. Am. 52; barn at aldri, en vegit slíka hetju sem Þorvaldr var, Glúm. 382. On this interesting matter see Grimm’s remarks in his Gramm. iv. 146 sqq. -
84 correre
1. v/t runcorrere il pericolo run the risk2. v/i run( affrettarsi) hurrydi veicolo speeddi tempo flycorrere in aiuto di qualcuno rush to help someonecorrere dietro a qualcuno run after someonelascia correre! let it go!, leave it!corre voce it is rumo(u)red* * *correre v. intr.1 to run* (anche fig.): non correre così!, don't run about like that!; corri a dirgli che lo vogliono al telefono, run and tell him he's wanted on the telephone; correva su e giù come un pazzo, he was running up and down like a madman; è tutto il pomeriggio che corro per negozi, I've been running in and out of shops all afternoon; si mise a correre avanti e indietro, he started running backwards and forwards; correre dietro al successo non ti farà felice, running after success won't make you happy; alzò i tacchi e corse come il vento, he took to his heels and ran like the wind; correva a rotta di collo quando inciampò e cadde, she was running at breakneck speed when she tripped and fell; corse dietro a Philip per raggiungerlo, he ran after Philip to catch up with him; John corre troppo quando guida, John goes too fast when he drives; mi è corso dietro un bel po' ma a me non piaceva, (fig.) he ran after me (o chased me) quite a bit but I didn't care much about him; il mio pensiero corse a quella vacanza sul lago, my thoughts ran (o flew) to that holiday on the lake; i suoi occhi corsero all'orologio e s'accorse che erano ormai le sette, her eyes flew to the clock and she realized it was seven o'clock already // dovreste correre ai ripari, you'd better do something about it // ti faccio correre io!, I'll fix you!; mi farà correre se non mi metto d'impegno a studiare, she'll be after me if I don't start working properly // il mio orologio corre, my watch is fast2 ( precipitarsi) to rush: sono corsi subito a spegnere l'incendio, they immediately rushed to put out the fire; corse alla porta ma non c'era nessuno, she rushed to the door but nobody was there; gridai ed essi corsero in mio aiuto, I cried out and they rushed (o ran) to my aid; non correre quando leggi, non si capisce niente, don't rush (o go so fast) when you read, we can't understand anything; corro un attimo al supermercato e torno, I'll rush (o dash off) to the supermarket and I'll be right back3 ( di veicoli) to speed* along: l'auto correva a 120 km all'ora, the car was speeding along (o was travelling) at 120 kms an hour4 ( gareggiare) to compete, to race: correre in bicicletta, in automobile, a cavallo, to compete (o to take part) in cycle races, in car races, in horse races; correre ( a piedi) per una società sportiva, to run (o to race) for a sports society // far correre ( un cavallo, un'automobile), to race5 ( fluire) to flow (anche fig.); to run*: nelle sue vene corre sangue slavo, Slav blood runs in his veins; corse molto sangue durante la lotta, much blood flowed during the fight; una fitta gli corse lungo la gamba, a sharp pain ran down his leg; un brivido mi corse lungo la schiena, a shiver ran down my spine; mi pare che adesso la frase corra, the sentence seems to flow properly now; il tuo ragionamento non corre, your reasoning doesn't flow (o isn't sound) // lascia correre!, take no notice! (o pay no attention!) // non corre buon sangue tra di loro, there's ill feeling between them (o they don't like each other)6 ( di tempo) ( trascorrere) to elapse, to pass; ( velocemente) to fly*: corsero sei mesi prima che si rivedessero, six months elapsed (o passed) before they met again; come corre il tempo!, time does fly! // correva l'anno 1789, it was the year 1789 // coi tempi che corrono, these days7 ( percorrere) to run*: la strada correva lungo l'argine, the road ran along the river bank; un filo elettrico corre lungo le pareti, an electric wire runs along the walls8 ( circolare) to go* round; to circulate: corrono voci poco rassicuranti sul suo conto, there are some disturbing rumours about him going round (o nasty rumours are circulating about him)9 ( decorrere) to run*: si è deciso che gli aumenti di salario corrano dal settembre 2003, it has been decided that salary rises will run from September 200310 ( intercorrere) to be*: corrono 2 km tra la nostra casa e il mare, it's 2 kms from our house to the beach; corrono quattro anni tra le due sorelle, there is a four-year gap between the two sisters; ce ne corre!, far from it! // c'è corso poco che lo perdessi!, I almost lost him; c'è corso poco che morisse, she almost died // corsero parole grosse all'assemblea, violent insults flew during the meeting◆ v.tr.1 ( percorrere) to travel: correre il mare, il mondo, to travel the seas, the world // la sua fama sta correndo il mondo, he is known world-wide (o he is world-famous)2 ( scorrere) to look (through): corse l'articolo velocemente, he quickly looked (o read) through the article3 (sport) to run*; ( partecipare a) to take* part (in): correre i 100 metri, to run the 100 metres; correre il Giro d'Italia, to take part in the Giro d'Italia4 ( affrontare) to run*: correre un rischio, to run a risk; correre un pericolo, to run a danger; la sua vita non corre alcun pericolo, his life is not in any danger.* * *1. ['korrere]vb irreg vi(quando si esprime o sottindende una meta) (aus essere) (senza una meta e nel senso Sport) (aus avere) (gen) to run, (affrettarsi) to hurry, (precipitarsi) to rush, Sport to race, run, (diffondersi: notizie) to go roundnon correre! — (anche), fig not so fast!
correre dietro a qn — (anche), fig to run after sb
ci corre! — (c'è una differenza) there's a big difference!
corre voce che... — it is rumoured that...
2. vt* * *['korrere] 1.verbo transitivo2) (esporsi a) to run* [ rischio]2.verbo intransitivo (aus. avere, essere)1) (aus. avere) [persona, animale] to run*ho corso tutto il giorno — (sono stato indaffarato) I've been rushing all day
2) (aus. essere) (accorrere) [ persona] to rushcorrere in aiuto di qcn. — to rush to sb.'s aid, to run to help sb.
"vai a cercarlo" - "corro" — "go and get him" - "I'm going"
3) (aus. essere, avere) (con veicoli) to drive* (too fast), to speed* (along)4) (aus. avere) sport (nell'atletica) to run*; (nel ciclismo) to ride*, to race; (in macchina, moto) to race; (nell'equitazione) to run*correre per — [ pilota] to race with o for [ scuderia]
correre su — [ pilota] to race on [auto, moto]
andiamo a correre? — (fare jogging) shall we go jogging?
5) correre dietro (aus. essere) (inseguire)correre dietro a qcn., qcs. — to run o chase after sb., sth.; (cercare di ottenere)
correre dietro a — to chase after [successo, gloria]; colloq. (corteggiare)
correre dietro a — to chase after [ ragazze]
6) (aus. essere) (prolungarsi, estendersi)correre lungo — [sentiero, muro] to run along [bosco, prato]
7) (aus. essere) (diffondersi) [pettegolezzo, voce] to go* aroundcorre voce che — rumour has it that, the story goes that, there's a rumour going around that
8) (aus. essere) (trascorrere velocemente)••correva l'anno... — it was in the year...
correre dietro alle sottane — to chase petticoats o skirts
con i tempi che corrono — with things as they are, the way things are at present
* * *correre/'korrere/ [32](aus. avere, essere)1 (aus. avere) [persona, animale] to run*; ho corso tutto il giorno (sono stato indaffarato) I've been rushing all day2 (aus. essere) (accorrere) [ persona] to rush; correre in aiuto di qcn. to rush to sb.'s aid, to run to help sb.; correre dalla polizia to go running to the police; "vai a cercarlo" - "corro" "go and get him" - "I'm going"3 (aus. essere, avere) (con veicoli) to drive* (too fast), to speed* (along)4 (aus. avere) sport (nell'atletica) to run*; (nel ciclismo) to ride*, to race; (in macchina, moto) to race; (nell'equitazione) to run*; correre per [ pilota] to race with o for [ scuderia]; correre su [ pilota] to race on [auto, moto]; andiamo a correre? (fare jogging) shall we go jogging?5 correre dietro (aus. essere) (inseguire) correre dietro a qcn., qcs. to run o chase after sb., sth.; (cercare di ottenere) correre dietro a to chase after [successo, gloria]; colloq. (corteggiare) correre dietro a to chase after [ ragazze]6 (aus. essere) (prolungarsi, estendersi) correre lungo [sentiero, muro] to run along [bosco, prato]; un brivido mi corse lungo la schiena a shiver ran down my spine7 (aus. essere) (diffondersi) [pettegolezzo, voce] to go* around; corre voce che rumour has it that, the story goes that, there's a rumour going around thatlasciar correre to let things ride; correva l'anno... it was in the year...; correre dietro alle sottane to chase petticoats o skirts; ce ne corre! there's no comparison! con i tempi che corrono with things as they are, the way things are at present. -
85 лазер
laser
– волоконный лазер
– газовый лазер
– газоразрядный лазер
– двухерезонаторный лазер
– двухмодовый лазер
– двухпримесный лазер
– двухуровневый лазер
– двухфотонный лазер
– двухчастотный лазер
– жидкостный лазер
– задающий лазер
– импульсный лазер
– инфракрасный лазер
– кольцевой лазер
– комбинационный лазер
– лавинный лазер
– лазер газодинамический
– лазер гамма-излучения
– лазер двухволновый
– лазер ИК диапазона
– лазер квантово-размерный
– лазер многоволновый
– лазер на плазме
– лазер на рубине
– лазер на стекле
– лазер передатчик
– лазер перестраиваемый
– лазер полосковый
– лазер рентгеновский
– лазер с ВЧ накачкой
– лазер сверхизлучающий
– лазер фотонный
– лазер химический
– лазер эксимерный
– лазер эксиплексный
– лазер электроионизационный
– многокомпонентный лазер
– многомодовый лазер
– многоэлементный лазер
– мощный лазер
– несинхронизированный лазер
– одномодовый лазер
– одночастотный лазер
– резонаторный лазер
– сверхизлучающий лазер
– твердотельный лазер
– тороидальный лазер
– треугольный лазер
– трехуровневый лазер
– эпитаксиальный лазер
лазер бегущей волны — travelling waave laser
лазер без накопления энергии — nonstorage laser
лазер в импульсном режиме — pulse laser
лазер в режиме свободной генерации — free laser oscilation
лазер взрывного типа — explosion laser
лазер видимого диапазона — vizible laser
лазер генерирующий сдвоенный импульс — two-pulse laser
лазер гигантстких импульсов — giant-pulse laser
лазер далекого ИК диапазона — far infrared laser
лазер миллиметрового диапазона — millimeter-wave laser
лазер на заращенной мезаполосковой структуре — <phys.> buried-stripe laser
лазер на органических соединениях — <phys.> dye laser
лазер на основе заращенной мезаполосковой структуры — <phys.> buried-stripe laser
лазер на парах неорганических соединений — anorganic varop laser
лазер на периодической структуре — periodic structure laser
лазер непрерывного излучения — continuous wave laser
лазер непрерывного режима работы — continuous wave laser
лазер одновременно генерирующий излучение трех основных цветов — white laser
лазер полосковый с поперечно расположенным переходом — transverse-junction stripe laser
лазер работающий в пиковом режиме — spiked laser
лазер с активной синхронизацией мод — activelylocked laser
лазер с активной схемой стабилизации — activery-stabilized laser
лазер с астигматическим пучком — astigmatic laser
лазер с бегущей волной — travelling-wave laser
лазер с биморфным пъезоэлементом — bimorph laser
лазер с взрывной накачкой — bomb-pumped laser
лазер с внешней модуляцией — externally modulated laser
лазер с внешними зеркалами — external-mirror laser
лазер с внутренней модуляцией — direct modulated laser, internal-mirror laser
лазер с волоконными выводами — fiber-tailed laser
лазер с высоким КПД — higt-efficiency laser
лазер с высоким усилелением — higt- gain laser
лазер с выходной линзой — lens-coupled laser
лазер с двойной поляризацией — dual-polarization laser
лазер с двусторонним выводом — symmetric laser
лазер с игольчатой конструкцией электродов — needle laser
лазер с изменением длительности генерируемых импульсов — temporally tunable laser
лазер с конической полоской — tapered stripe laser
лазер с магнитной фокусировкой — magnetically confined laser
лазер с модуляцией усиления — gain-switched laser
лазер с накачкой от ядерного взрыва — <opt.> x-ray laser
лазер с накопительным кольцом — storage-ring laser
лазер с накоплением энергии — energy storage laser
лазер с обращением волнового фронта — phase conjugate laser
лазер с обращением спина — <phys.> spin-flip laser
лазер с окнами Брюстера — Brewster angled laser
лазер с оптической накачкой — photopumped laser
лазер с пассивной схемой стабилизации — passively stabilized laser
лазер с передачей накачки — cross-pumped laser
лазер с перестройкой частоты генерации — frequency-tuned laser
лазер с попеременной генерацией двух частот — time-sharing two frequency laser
лазер с продольным разрядом — front-end discharge laser
лазер с раздельным оптическим и электрическим удержанием — separate-confinement laser
лазер с самофокусированием излучения — self-focused laser
лазер с серповидной активной областью — crescentlaser
лазер с симметричным выводом — symmetric laser
лазер с синхронизацией мод путем фазовой модуляции — phase-modulated mode-locked laser
лазер с сколотыми гранями — cleaved laser
лазер с скрытой активной областью — buried laser
лазер с телескопическим расширителем пучка — telescope-expanded laser
лазер с уголковым отражателем — corner cube laser
лазер с устройством расширения пучка — beam-expanded laser
лазер связанный со световодом — waveguide-coupled laser
лазер синхронизированный внешним сигналом — slave laser
лазер со связанными модами — mode-coupled laser
лазер со сколотым резонатором — <phys.> cleaved-coupled-cavity laser
лазер со стримерным разрядом — streamer laser
лазер твердотельный импульсный с перестраиваемой частотой — <phys.> tunable solid-state laser
стабилизированный по молекулярному поглощению лазер — molecularly stabilized laser
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86 лампа
lamp, light* * *ла́мпа ж.1. ( электрическая) lampвключа́ть ла́мпу в цепь [в схе́му] — bring a lamp into circuitла́мпа га́снет — a lamp goes outла́мпа гори́т вполнака́ла — a lamp is at half-glowла́мпа загора́ется — a lamp illuminates [lights (up), comes on]ла́мпа загора́ется при напряже́нии (напр. 220 V [m2]) — a lamp starts on [from] (e. g., 220 V)ла́мпа не све́тится — the (signal) lamp is darkла́мпа перегора́ет — a lamp blowsла́мпа рабо́тает от исто́чника то́ка напряже́нием (напр. 220 V) — a lamp runs on [from] (e. g., 220 V)ла́мпа све́тится — the (signal) lamp is lighted [illuminated, ON]уме́ньшить нака́л ла́мпы — dim a lamp [a light]2. радио брит. valve; амер. tube (Примечание. В современной английской литературе наблюдается тенденция пользоваться термином tube)включа́ть ла́мпу в цепь [в схе́му] — bring a valve [a tube] into circuitвключа́ть ла́мпу по схе́ме с о́бщим като́дом — connect a valve [a tube] in a common-cathode circuitзапира́ть ла́мпу по (напр. аноду, сетке и т. п.) — cut off a valve [a tube] on (e. g., the anode, grid, etc.)пока́чивать ла́мпу — rock [jiggle] a valve [a tube]ла́мпа с «га́зом» жарг. — the valve [the tube] is “gassy”ла́мпа авари́йной сигнализа́ции — alarm lamp, alarm lightбактерици́дная ла́мпа — germicidal lampла́мпа бегу́щей волны́ [ЛБВ] — travelling wave valve, travelling wave tube, TWTбиспира́льная ла́мпа — coiled-coil lampве́нтильная ла́мпа — rectifier valve, rectifier tube, valve tubeвибросто́йкая ла́мпа — vibration-service lampвихрева́я ла́мпа — vortex valve, vortex tubeвольфра́мовая ла́мпа — tungsten lampвольфра́мово-гало́идная ла́мпа — tungsten-halogen lampвызывна́я ла́мпа тлф. — calling lamp; ( коммутатора системы ЦБ) line lampвыпрями́тельная ла́мпа — rectifier valve, rectifier tubeвыпрями́тельная, одноано́дная ла́мпа — single-anode rectifier valve, single-anode rectifier tubeвысокова́куумная ла́мпа — high-vacuum [hard] valve, high-vacuum [hard] tubeвысоково́льтная ла́мпа — high-voltage lampла́мпа высо́кого давле́ния — high-pressure lampла́мпа высо́кого давле́ния с пара́ми мета́ллов — high-pressure metal-vapour lampвысокочасто́тная ла́мпа — high-frequency [h.f.] valve, radio-frequency [r-f] tubeгазопо́лная ла́мпа — gas-filled lampгазоразря́дная ла́мпа — (gaseous-)discharge lampгазосве́тная ла́мпа — glow-discharge lampгенера́торная ла́мпа — transmitting valve, transmitting tubeголовна́я ла́мпа горн. — head [cap] lampдвухано́дная ла́мпа — double-anode valve, double-plate tubeдвухлучева́я ла́мпа — double-beam valve, double-beam tubeдвухсве́тная ла́мпа авто — double-filament [bifilar, two-filament] bulbдвухсе́точная ла́мпа ( с катодной сеткой) — space-charge tetrodeдвухцо́кольная ла́мпа — double-base [double-ended] valve, double-base [double-ended] tubeдвухэлектро́дная ла́мпа — two-electrode valve, two-electrode tubeдека́дная ла́мпа — decade counting valve, decade counting tubeде́мпферная ла́мпа — damper valve, damper tubeдете́кторная ла́мпа — detector valve, detector tubeла́мпа дневно́го све́та — daylight lampдугова́я ла́мпа — arc lampла́мпа дугово́го разря́да — arc-discharge lampла́мпа Дэ́ви горн. — Davy lampжё́сткая ла́мпа — hard [high-vacuum] valve, hard [high-vacuum] tubeзадаю́щая ла́мпа — driver valve, driver tubeла́мпа за́нятости свз. — busy [engaged] lampла́мпа за́нятости всех реги́стров свз. — all-senders-busy lampзапи́сывающая ла́мпа — recording lampзерка́льная ла́мпа — reflector lampи́мпульсная ла́мпа — flash lamp, flash tubeинве́рторная ла́мпа — inverter valve, inverter tubeиндика́торная ла́мпа — indicating [signal] lamp, indicating lightиндика́торная, цифрова́я ла́мпа — numerical read-out [digital indicator] tubeла́мпа инфракра́сного излуче́ния — infra-red lamp, IR-lampио́нная ла́мпа — gas-filled valve, gas-filled tubeква́рцевая ла́мпа — quartz lampкинопроекцио́нная ла́мпа — projection lampкомбини́рованная ла́мпа — multi-unit [multiple, multisection] valve, multiunit [multiple, multisection] tubeкоммута́торная ла́мпа — switchboard lampконтро́льная ла́мпа — pilot [supervisory, indicating] lampконтро́льная ла́мпа включе́ния да́льнего све́та фар — high-beam headlight [headlight main-beam] indicator, blue control [beam indicator] lampконтро́льная ла́мпа заря́дки — charge indicator lampконтро́льная ла́мпа сигна́ла поворо́та — turn-signal control lampла́мпа контро́ля вре́мени тлф. — time-check lampкопирова́льная ла́мпа кфт. — printer lampла́мпа ко́свенного нака́ла — indirectly-heated [heater] valve, indirectly-heated [heater] tubeкра́терная ла́мпа — crater lampлюминесце́нтная ла́мпа — luminescent lampманипуля́торная ла́мпа — keying [keyer] valve, keying [keyer] tubeмати́рованная ла́мпа — frosted lampмаячко́вая ла́мпа — lighthouse tube, disk-seal tubeмига́ющая ла́мпа указа́теля поворо́та — flasher [turn indicator] bulbмногосе́точная ла́мпа — multigrid valve, multigrid tubeмногоэлектро́дная ла́мпа — multielectrode valve, multielectrode tubeмодуля́торная ла́мпа — modulator valve, modulator tubeмя́гкая ла́мпа — soft [low-vacuum, gassy] valve, soft [low-vacuum, gassy] tubeла́мпа нака́ливания — incandescent [filament] lampла́мпа нака́ливания с йо́дным ци́клом — iodine-cycle incandescent lampла́мпа нака́чки ( лазера) — pump(ing) lamp, pump tubeла́мпа нака́чки, и́мпульсная ( лазера) — pump(ing) flashtubeла́мпа нака́чки непреры́вного излуче́ния ( лазера) — continuous pump(ing) lamp, continuous pump(ing) tubeна́триевая ла́мпа — sodium (vapour) lampнео́новая ла́мпа — neon-filled [neon-glow] lamp, neon tubeнеразбо́рная ла́мпа — permanently sealed tubeла́мпа номерно́го зна́ка — licence plate lampла́мпа обра́тной волны́ — backward-wave valve, backward-wave tube, BWTобщевызывна́я ла́мпа ( коммутатора системы ЦБ) — pilot lampоднонитева́я ла́мпа — single-filament [one-filament] bulbопа́ловая ла́мпа — opal lampла́мпа опти́ческой нака́чки ( лазера) — optical pump(ing) lamp, optical pump(ing) tubeосвети́тельная ла́мпа — illuminating [lighting] lampла́мпа освеще́ния подно́жки авто — courtesy lampотбо́йная ла́мпа тлф. — clearing lamp; ( коммутатора системы ЦБ) supervisory lampпа́льчиковая ла́мпа — small-button glass [bantam] tubeпаросве́тная ла́мпа — metal vapour lampпая́льная ла́мпа — brazing [blow, soldering] torchперека́льная ла́мпа кфт. — photofloodла́мпа переме́нной ё́мкости — variable-capacitance valve, variable-capacitance tubeла́мпа переме́нной крутизны́ — variable-mu valve, variable-mu tubeперено́сная ла́мпа — hand [inspection, portable] lampплоскоэлектро́дная ла́мпа — planar-electrode valve, planar-electrode tubeпневмоэлектри́ческая ла́мпа — compressed air electric lampла́мпа подсве́та шкалы́ — dial lampподсве́чивающая ла́мпа — bright-up [exciter] lampпопере́чно-лучева́я ла́мпа — transverse-current valve, transverse-current tubeла́мпа после́довательного включе́ния — series lampпредохрани́тельная ла́мпа эл. — safety lampпреобразова́тельная ла́мпа — converter tube, heterodyne conversion transducerла́мпа прибо́рного щитка́ — panel lamp, panel light, dash(-board) [facial] light, instrument [instrument cluster] lampприё́мно-передаю́щая широкополо́сная ла́мпа — broadband TR valve, broadband TR tubeприё́мно-усили́тельная ла́мпа — receiving valve, receiving tubeпроекцио́нная ла́мпа — projector lampпромежу́точная ла́мпа — intertubeла́мпа прямо́го нака́ла — directly heated [battery, filamentary-cathode] valve, directly heated [battery, filamentary-cathode] tubeпятиэлектро́дная ла́мпа — five-electrode tube, pentodeрадиа́льно-лучева́я ла́мпа — radial-beam valve, radial-beam tubeрадиоусили́тельная ла́мпа — amplifying valve, amplifying tubeразбо́рная ла́мпа — demountable [knock-down] valve, demountable [assembled, knock-down] tubeраздели́тельная ла́мпа — pulse separator valve, pulse separator tubeразря́дная ла́мпа — discharge lampреакти́вная ла́мпа — reactance valve, reactance tubeла́мпа регули́руемого усиле́ния — fading tube, fading hexodeрегули́рующая ла́мпа — control valve, control tubeла́мпа резнатро́нного ти́па — resnatronрезона́нсная ла́мпа — resonance (fluorescence) lampрефле́кторная ла́мпа — reflector lampрту́тная ла́мпа — mercury(-vapour) lampрту́тная, дугова́я ла́мпа — mercury-arc lampла́мпа с автоэлектро́нной эми́ссией — cold-cathode valve, cold-cathode tubeсверхминиатю́рная ла́мпа — subminiature valve, subminiature tubeла́мпа с ве́рхним вы́водом — anode-cap valve, plate-cap tubeсветодио́дная ла́мпа — light-emitting-diode [LED] lampсветомаскиро́вочная ла́мпа — black-out lampла́мпа с водяны́м охлажде́нием — water-cooled valve, water-cooled tubeла́мпа с вольфра́мовой ни́тью — tungsten lampла́мпа с втори́чной эми́ссией — secondary-emission valve, secondary-emission tubeла́мпа СВЧ ( не путать с ла́мпой сантиметро́вого диапазо́на) — microwave valve, microwave tube (not to be confused with a SHF valve or tube)ла́мпа свя́зи (в схеме, напр. приёмника) — coupling valve, coupling tubeсдво́енная ла́мпа — dual valve, dual tubeла́мпа с ди́сковыми вы́водами — disk-seal valve, disk-seal tubeсигна́льная ла́мпа — indicating [signal] lamp, indicating lightсигна́льная ла́мпа свобо́дной ли́нии — idle indicating lamp, free line signalла́мпа с като́дной се́ткой — space-charge valve, space-charge tubeсмеси́тельная ла́мпа — mixer valve, mixer tubeла́мпа с металли́ческой ни́тью — metal-filament lampла́мпа смеша́нного све́та — mixed-light lampла́мпа смеще́ния — bias valve, bias tubeла́мпа с накалё́нным като́дом — hot-cathode [thermionic] valve, hot-cathode [thermionic] tubeла́мпа со скоростно́й модуля́цией — velocity-modulation valve, velocity-modulation tubeла́мпа с отклоня́емым лучо́м — beam-deflection valve, beam-deflection tubeла́мпа с отрица́тельным сопротивле́нием — negative-resistance valve, negative-resistance tubeсофи́тная ла́мпа — double-ended lampспектра́льная ла́мпа — spectral [spectroscopic] lampспира́льно-лучева́я ла́мпа — spiral-beam valve, spiral-beam tubeла́мпа с пло́скими электро́дами — planar-electrode valve, planar-electrode tubeла́мпа с подвижны́м ано́дом — movable-anode valve, movable-plate tubeла́мпа с подогре́вным като́дом — cathode-heater valve, cathode-heater tubeла́мпа с попере́чным управле́нием — babitron valve, babitron tubeла́мпа с просто́й спира́льной ни́тью — single-coil lampла́мпа с се́точным управле́нием — grid-control valve, grid-control tubeстерилизацио́нная ла́мпа — sterilampла́мпа с тормозя́щим по́лем — retarding field valve, retarding field tubeстроби́рующая ла́мпа — gate valve, gate tubeстробоскопи́ческая ла́мпа — stroboscopic tubeла́мпа с ту́склым нака́лом — dull-emitter valve, dull-emitter tubeла́мпа с у́гольной ни́тью — carbon (filament) lampла́мпа с удлинё́нной характери́стикой — remote-cut-off valve, remote-cut-off tubeсумми́рующая ла́мпа — adder valve, adder tubeла́мпа с холо́дным като́дом — cold-cathode valve, cold-cathode tubeсчё́тная ла́мпа — counting tubeсчё́тная, десяти́чная ла́мпа — decimal counting tubeтермокато́дная ла́мпа — hot-cathode [thermionic] valve, hot-cathode [thermionic] tubeтермоэлектро́нная ла́мпа — thermionic valve, thermionic tubeла́мпа тле́ющего разря́да — glow-discharge tubeто́чечная ла́мпа — point-source lampу́гольная ла́мпа — carbon (filament) lampударопро́чная ла́мпа — rough-service lampла́мпа ультрафиоле́тового излуче́ния — ultra-violet lamp, UV-lampуправля́ющая ла́мпа — control valve, control tubeусили́тельная ла́мпа — amplifying valve, amplifying tubeфикси́рующая ла́мпа — clamping valve, clamping tubeцветна́я ла́мпа — coloured lampцельнометалли́ческая ла́мпа — all-metal tubeчетырёхэлектро́дная ла́мпа — four-electrode valve, four-electrode tube, tetrodeчита́ющая ла́мпа кфт. — exciter lampша́говая ла́мпа — step valve, step tubeшнурова́я ла́мпа тлф. — cord lampшумова́я ла́мпа тлф. — noisy valve, noisy tubeэлектри́ческая ла́мпа — electric lamp, electric bulbэлектролюминесце́нтная ла́мпа — electroluminescent lampэлектрометри́ческая ла́мпа — electrometer tube, tube electrometerэлектро́нная ла́мпа ( в отличие от ионной лампы) — vacuum valve, vacuum tube (as distinct from a gas-filled tube)электроннолучева́я ла́мпа ( не путать с электроннолучево́й тру́бкой, ЭЛТ) — electron-ray tube, “magic eye” (not to be confused with cathode-ray tube, CRT)эрите́мная ла́мпа — sunlampэтало́нная ла́мпа — comparison [standard] lamp -
87 дорога
ж.1) (полоса земли, служащая для передвижения) roadбольша́я доро́га — main road
шоссе́йная доро́га — highway
просёлочная доро́га — country road
пла́тная доро́га — toll road
сверну́ть с доро́ги — leave the road
пройти́ да́льше по доро́ге — go down the road
туда́ не прое́хать по доро́ге — the place is not accessible by road
2) ( путь следования) way; (маршрут тж.) route [ruːt]по доро́ге домо́й — on the way home
не сто́йте на доро́ге — keep / get out of the way
показа́ть кому́-л доро́гу (куда-л) — show smb the way (to a place)
3) ( возможность для движения) wayдоро́гу! — make way!
дава́ть / уступа́ть кому́-л доро́гу — let smb pass; make way for smb; ( об автомашинах) yield the right of way
4) (путешествие; пребывание в пути) trip, journey ['ʤɜː-]да́льняя доро́га — long way / journey
отправля́ться в доро́гу — set out [start on] one's journey
на доро́гу (перед отправлением) — before the trip / journey
в доро́гу, на доро́гу (для использования во время пути) — for the road / trip / journey
взять что́-нибудь почита́ть в доро́гу — take something to read on the trip
вы́пить на доро́гу — have one for the road
с доро́ги — 1) ( по приезде) after the journey 2) ( во время путешествия) on the way; while travelling
я то́лько что с доро́ги — I've just arrived
вы, наве́рное, уста́ли с доро́ги — you must be tired from the / your trip
пиши́те с доро́ги! — write on the way!
в доро́ге — on the road; (while) travelling
он про́был в доро́ге три дня — he was on the road for three days
5) (с определением; средство к достижению чего-л) way, roadпойти́ по но́вой доро́ге — advance along a new road
идти́ пра́вильной доро́гой (действовать верно) — be on the right track; ( быть честным) be on a good path
пойти́ по плохо́й / криво́й доро́ге, вы́брать неве́рную доро́гу (делать что-л предосудительное) — go astray; fall into bad ways
идти́ свое́й доро́гой — go one's own way
••желе́зная доро́га — railway брит.; railroad амер.
желе́зная доро́га ме́стного значе́ния — local line
е́хать по желе́зной доро́ге — go by rail / train
всю доро́гу (всё время) прост. — all the time / way, without (a) letup
вы́биться / вы́йти на (широ́кую) доро́гу — make / find one's way in life
вы́вести кого́-л на (широ́кую) доро́гу — set smb on his feet; (рд.) help smb on to the high road (of)
вы́йти на большу́ю доро́гу — become a highway robber
забы́ть доро́гу (куда-л) — stop visiting a place
забу́дь сюда́ доро́гу! — don't even think of coming here again!
идти́ прямо́й доро́гой (к) — 1) ( двигаться прямо к цели) take the shortest route (to) 2) ( быстро приближаться к какому-л событию) go the straight road (to)
идти́ прямо́й доро́гой к катастро́фе — go the straight road to disaster
находи́ть доро́гу к се́рдцу — win smb's heart
одна́ доро́га (остаётся) (дт.) — there is only one way (out) (for); there is only one thing smb can do
перебежа́ть доро́гу кому́-л — steal a march on smb; snatch smth from under smb's nose
по доро́ге — 1) ( во время пути) on the way 2) (в одном направлении с кем-л; тж. о совпадении целей, задач) the same way / direction
мне с ва́ми по доро́ге — we go the same way; I am going your way
мне с ва́ми не по доро́ге — we go different ways, our ways part
прегради́ть доро́гу (дт.) — bar the way (to)
пробива́ть себе́ доро́гу — 1) ( пробираться куда-л) force one's way through 2) ( делать карьеру) make one's way in life
прокла́дывать доро́гу (дт.) — clear the way (for); blaze the trail (for)
разбо́йник с большо́й доро́ги — highway robber
стать кому́-л поперёк доро́ги — bar smb's road; be in smb's way
ска́тертью доро́га! — (a) good riddance
туда́ и доро́га (дт.)! разг. — 1) (о заслуженном наказании и т.п.) (it) serves (d) right! 2) ( о чём-л ненужном) it won't be missed!; that's where it belongs!
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88 лампа
1. ж. lamp2. ж. брит. амер. радио valve; tubeвызывная лампа — calling lamp; line lamp
отбойная лампа — clearing lamp; supervisory lamp
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89 время нахождения в пути
1) General subject: time spent travelling (by)2) Information technology: running time3) Advertising: travel time4) Bicycle: ride time, ride timer5) Logistics: hours underwayУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > время нахождения в пути
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90 Spesen
Pl. WIRTS. expenses; auf Spesen on expenses; seine Spesen abrechnen / erstattet bekommen calculate / be reimbursed for one’s expenses; außer Spesen nichts gewesen umg. (it was) a waste of time and energy* * *die Spesenexpenses (Pl.); expense (Pl.)* * *Spe|sen ['ʃpeːzn]pl (AUCH FIN)expenses plauf Spésen reisen/essen — to travel/eat on expenses
außer Spésen nichts gewesen — nothing doing, no joy (esp Brit inf)
* * *(money spent in carrying out a job etc: His firm paid his travelling expenses.) expenses* * *Spe·sen[ˈʃpe:zn̩]pl expenses nplauf \Spesen on expenses* * *Plural expensesaußer Spesen nichts gewesen — (scherzh.) [it was] a waste of time and effort
* * *auf Spesen on expenses;seine Spesen abrechnen/erstattet bekommen calculate/be reimbursed for one’s expenses;außer Spesen nichts gewesen umg (it was) a waste of time and energy* * *Plural expensesaußer Spesen nichts gewesen — (scherzh.) [it was] a waste of time and effort
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91 sentido
adj.deeply felt, touching, heartfelt, moving.m.1 sense, meaning, purport.2 sense, each one of one's five senses.3 direction, course.past part.past participle of spanish verb: sentir.* * *1 (gen) sense2 (significado) sense, meaning3 (conocimiento) consciousness4 (dirección) direction————————1→ link=sentir sentir► adjetivo1 (muerte etc) deeply felt2 (sensible) touchy, sensitive1 (gen) sense2 (significado) sense, meaning3 (conocimiento) consciousness4 (dirección) direction\de sentido único AUTOMÓVIL one-waydejar a alguien sin sentido to knock somebody outen cierto sentido in a senseen sentido opuesto in the opposite directionhablar sin sentido to talk nonsensehacer algo con los cinco sentidos figurado to take great pains with somethingno tiene sentido / no tiene ningún sentido it doesn't make sense■ no tiene sentido salir si no tenemos dinero there's no point in going out if we haven't got any money¿qué sentido tiene + inf...? what's the point in/of + - ing...?■ ¿qué sentido tiene hablarle si no te hace caso? what's the point of talking to him if he won't listen?perder el sentido to fainttener sentido to make sensedoble sentido double meaningsentido común common sensesentido de la orientación sense of directionsentido del humor sense of humour (US humor)sentido figurado figurative meaning* * *noun m.1) sense2) meaning3) direction, way* * *1. ADJ1) [carta, declaración] heartfeltmi más sentido pésame — my deepest sympathy, my heartfelt condolences
2) (=dolido) hurt3) [carácter, persona] sensitive2. SM1) (=capacidad)a) [para sentir] senseb) [para percibir] sensesentido del ridículo, su sentido del ridículo le impidió hacerlo — he felt self-conscious o embarrassed so he didn't do it
tiene un gran sentido del ridículo — she easily feels self-conscious o embarrassed
sentido práctico, tener sentido práctico — to be practical
2) (=significado) meaningser madre le ha dado un nuevo sentido a su vida — being a mother has given a new meaning to her life
¿cuál es el sentido literal de esta palabra? — what is the literal meaning of this word?
la vida sin ti no tendría sentido — without you life would have no meaning o would be meaningless
•
doble sentido — double meaning3) (=lógica) senseno le veo sentido a esta discusión — I can't see any sense o point in this argument
poco a poco, todo empieza a cobrar sentido — everything is gradually beginning to make sense
•
tener sentido — to make sensesolo tiene sentido quejarse si así puedes conseguir lo que quieres — it only makes sense to complain if o the only point in complaining is if you can then get what you want
no tiene sentido que te disculpes ahora — it's pointless (you) apologizing now, there's no sense o point in (you) apologizing now
4) (=conciencia) consciousness•
perder el sentido — to lose consciousness•
recobrar el sentido — to regain consciousness5) (=dirección) direction•
en el sentido de las agujas del reloj — clockwisecalle 1)en sentido contrario al de las agujas del reloj — anti-clockwise, counterclockwise (EEUU)
6) [otras expresiones]•
en el buen sentido de la palabra — in the best o good sense of the word•
en cierto sentido — in a senseen ese sentido no sabemos qué hacer — in that sense o respect, we don't know what to do
no es, en sentido estricto, un pez de río — it's not a freshwater fish in the strict sense of the word o term, it's not strictly speaking a freshwater fish
•
en sentido figurado — in the figurative sense, figuratively•
tomar algo en el mal sentido — to take sth the wrong way•
en tal sentido — to that effectun acuerdo en tal sentido sería interpretado como una privatización — such an agreement o an agreement to that effect would be interpreted as privatization
* * *I- da adjetivo1) <palabras/carta> heartfelt; <anhelo/dolor> deep2) < persona>a) [ESTAR] (AmL) ( dolorido) hurt, offendedb) [SER] (Esp) ( sensible) sensitive, touchyII1)a) (Fisiol) senseponer los cinco sentidos en algo — to give something one's full attention; ( ante peligro) to keep one's wits about one
b) (noción, idea)2) ( conocimiento) consciousnessrecobrar el sentido — to regain consciousness, to come to, to come round
3) ( significado)en sentido literal/figurado — in a literal/figurative sense
en cierto sentido... — in a sense...
no le encuentro sentido a lo que haces — I can't see any sense o point in what you're doing
esa política ya no tiene sentido — that policy doesn't make sense anymore o is meaningless now
4) ( dirección) directiongírese en sentido contrario al de las agujas del reloj — turn (round) in a counterclockwise (AmE) o (BrE) an anticlockwise direction
venían en sentido contrario or opuesto al nuestro — they were coming in the opposite direction to us
calle de sentido único or (Méx) de un solo sentido — one-way street
* * *= denotation, meaning, sense, drift, flavour [flavor, -USA], meaningfulness, heartfelt, respect, sense of purpose.Ex. In establishing subdivisions for use with the names of people or peoples consider the connotation, in addition to the denotation, of the wording and structure of the subdivision.Ex. The term indexing language can seem rather daunting, and has certainly had different meanings in its different incarnations.Ex. In some senses these could also be regarded as special classification schemes.Ex. The main drift of the proceedings concerned national libraries -- their role, functions and financing.Ex. Collected in 1907 from an oral source, this story depends for its charm and attraction on the colloquial flavour, its dialect.Ex. The author challenges the meaningfulness of precision and recall values as a measure of performance of a retrieval system.Ex. The author examines selected examples of the literature that generate conflict between cultural responsibility and artistic freedom along with a sampling of the heated and heartfelt exchange about that literature in Internet discussions.Ex. However, the survey developed in the current study would need to be similar in other key respects to the water quality survey developed by Carson and Mitchell = No obstante, el cuestionario desarrollado en este estudio debería parecerse en otros aspectos importantes al cuestionario desarrollado por Carson y Mitchell sobre la calidad del agua.Ex. This article argues that those in leadership roles bear a special responsibility for creating a sense of purpose in the organisation.----* ¿qué sentido tiene = what is/was the point of...?.* aclarar el sentido = clarify + meaning.* carecer de sentido = be meaningless.* con sentido = meaningful, purposeful, in a meaningful way.* dar sentido = make + sense (out) of, make + sense of life.* dar sentido a = make + meaningful, give + meaning to.* dar sentido a las cosas = sense-making, meaning making.* dar sentido a la vida = give + meaning to life.* dar sentido a + Posesivo + vida = make + sense of + Posesivo + life.* de doble sentido = double-edged, two-way.* dejar a Alguien sin sentido = knock + Nombre + out, knock + Nombre + unconscious.* desarrollarse en un sentido determinado = develop along + lines.* de sentido único = one-way.* devolver el sentido a la vida = put + meaning + back in + Posesivo + life.* discusión sin sentido = pointless discussion, pointless argument.* doble sentido = double meaning, equivocation.* empezar a tener sentido = become + meaningful.* en algunos sentidos = in some respects.* en cierto sentido = in several respects, to some extent, in a sense, in some respects, to some degree.* en + Cuantificador + sentidos = in + Cuantificador + respects.* en el estricto sentido de la palabra = strictly speaking.* en el sentido del reloj = clockwise.* en el sentido de que = in the sense that, along the lines that, in that.* en el sentido más amplio = in the broadest sense, in the widest sense.* en el sentido más general = in the broadest sense.* en el sentido que = in which.* en ese sentido = on that score, to that effect.* en este mismo sentido = along the same lines.* en este sentido = along these lines, in this connection, in this direction, in this respect, in this sense, in this vein, in this spirit, in this regard, in this effort, in that spirit, on this score, to that effect.* en más de un sentido = in more ways than one.* en muchos sentidos = in many ways, in many respects, in most respects, in more ways than one.* en ningún sentido de la palabra = in any sense of the word.* en sentido contrario = to the contrary.* en sentido contrario a las agujas del reloj = counterclockwise, anti-clockwise.* en su estricto sentido = strictly speaking.* en su sentido más amplio = in its/their broadest sense, in its/their widest sense.* en su sentido más general = in its/their broadest sense.* en todos estos sentidos = in all these regards.* en todos los sentidos = in all respects, in every sense.* en unel sentido amplio = in a/the broad sense.* en un/el sentido general = in a/the broad sense.* en un/el sentido más amplio = in a/the broader sense.* en un/el sentido más general = in a/the broader sense.* en un sentido general = in a broad sense.* en un sentido más amplio = in a broader sense, in a larger sense.* en un sentido más general = in a broader sense.* en varios sentidos = in several respects, in various respects.* escribir con sentido = write + sense.* falta de sentido = meaninglessness.* falto de sentido crítico = uncritical.* hacer perder el sentido a = make + nonsense of.* ir en contra del sentido común = violate + common sense.* no tener sentido = be meaningless, be pointless, be senseless.* no tener sentido + Infinitivo = there + be + little point in + Gerundio, there + be + no sense in + Gerundio.* parece tener poco sentido que = there + seem + little point in.* perder el sentido = faint, lose + Posesivo + senses, lose + Posesivo + consciousness, pass out.* perder el sentido del humor = lose + sense of humour.* perder sentido = lose + purpose.* pérdida del sentido = fainting, fainting fit.* quedarse sin sentido = lose + Posesivo + consciousness, pass out.* que tiene sentido = meaningful.* quitarle el sentido = render + meaningless.* recobrar el sentido = regain + Posesivo + consciousness.* recuperar el sentido = regain + Posesivo + consciousness.* rima sin sentido = nonsense, nonsense verse.* sentido común = common sense, savvy, good judgement, judgement [judgment], good sense.* sentido de culpa = guilt.* sentido de desigualdad = sense of inequality.* sentido de identidad = sense of identity.* sentido de la historia = sense of history.* sentido de la obligación = sense of obligation.* sentido de la oportunidad = sense of timing.* sentido de la palabra = word sense.* sentido de la proporción = sense of proportion.* sentido de la responsabilidad = sense of responsibility.* sentido de la superioridad = sense of superiority.* sentido de la vida, el = meaning of life, the.* sentido de la vida y al muerte, el = meaning of life and death, the.* sentido del deber = sense of duty.* sentido del decoro = sense of decorum.* sentido del gusto = sense of taste.* sentido del humor = sense of humour.* sentido del oído = hearing.* sentido del olfato = sense of smell, olfaction.* sentido del ridículo = self-consciousness, embarrassment, self-conscious feeling.* sentido del ser humano = human sense.* sentido del tacto = sense of touch.* sentido del tiempo = sense of time, notion of time.* sentido de moralidad = sense of morality.* sentido de pertenencia = sense of ownership.* sentido de territorialidad = territoriality.* sentido humano = human sense.* sentido implícito = subtext.* sentido muy desarrollado de su propio territorio = territoriality.* sentidos = grounds.* sexto sentido = sixth sense.* sin sentido = meaningless, purposeless, pointless, wanton, nonsensical, unconscious.* tener sentido = make + sense, be meaningful.* tener sentido del ridículo = feel + embarrassed.* teoría de dar sentido = sense-making approach.* tomar en sentido literal = take + Nombre + at face value, accept + Nombre + at face value.* un arraigado sentido de = a strong sense of.* ver el sentido = see + the point.* vía de doble sentido = two-way street.* * *I- da adjetivo1) <palabras/carta> heartfelt; <anhelo/dolor> deep2) < persona>a) [ESTAR] (AmL) ( dolorido) hurt, offendedb) [SER] (Esp) ( sensible) sensitive, touchyII1)a) (Fisiol) senseponer los cinco sentidos en algo — to give something one's full attention; ( ante peligro) to keep one's wits about one
b) (noción, idea)2) ( conocimiento) consciousnessrecobrar el sentido — to regain consciousness, to come to, to come round
3) ( significado)en sentido literal/figurado — in a literal/figurative sense
en cierto sentido... — in a sense...
no le encuentro sentido a lo que haces — I can't see any sense o point in what you're doing
esa política ya no tiene sentido — that policy doesn't make sense anymore o is meaningless now
4) ( dirección) directiongírese en sentido contrario al de las agujas del reloj — turn (round) in a counterclockwise (AmE) o (BrE) an anticlockwise direction
venían en sentido contrario or opuesto al nuestro — they were coming in the opposite direction to us
calle de sentido único or (Méx) de un solo sentido — one-way street
* * *= denotation, meaning, sense, drift, flavour [flavor, -USA], meaningfulness, heartfelt, respect, sense of purpose.Ex: In establishing subdivisions for use with the names of people or peoples consider the connotation, in addition to the denotation, of the wording and structure of the subdivision.
Ex: The term indexing language can seem rather daunting, and has certainly had different meanings in its different incarnations.Ex: In some senses these could also be regarded as special classification schemes.Ex: The main drift of the proceedings concerned national libraries -- their role, functions and financing.Ex: Collected in 1907 from an oral source, this story depends for its charm and attraction on the colloquial flavour, its dialect.Ex: The author challenges the meaningfulness of precision and recall values as a measure of performance of a retrieval system.Ex: The author examines selected examples of the literature that generate conflict between cultural responsibility and artistic freedom along with a sampling of the heated and heartfelt exchange about that literature in Internet discussions.Ex: However, the survey developed in the current study would need to be similar in other key respects to the water quality survey developed by Carson and Mitchell = No obstante, el cuestionario desarrollado en este estudio debería parecerse en otros aspectos importantes al cuestionario desarrollado por Carson y Mitchell sobre la calidad del agua.Ex: This article argues that those in leadership roles bear a special responsibility for creating a sense of purpose in the organisation.* ¿qué sentido tiene = what is/was the point of...?.* aclarar el sentido = clarify + meaning.* carecer de sentido = be meaningless.* con sentido = meaningful, purposeful, in a meaningful way.* dar sentido = make + sense (out) of, make + sense of life.* dar sentido a = make + meaningful, give + meaning to.* dar sentido a las cosas = sense-making, meaning making.* dar sentido a la vida = give + meaning to life.* dar sentido a + Posesivo + vida = make + sense of + Posesivo + life.* de doble sentido = double-edged, two-way.* dejar a Alguien sin sentido = knock + Nombre + out, knock + Nombre + unconscious.* desarrollarse en un sentido determinado = develop along + lines.* de sentido único = one-way.* devolver el sentido a la vida = put + meaning + back in + Posesivo + life.* discusión sin sentido = pointless discussion, pointless argument.* doble sentido = double meaning, equivocation.* empezar a tener sentido = become + meaningful.* en algunos sentidos = in some respects.* en cierto sentido = in several respects, to some extent, in a sense, in some respects, to some degree.* en + Cuantificador + sentidos = in + Cuantificador + respects.* en el estricto sentido de la palabra = strictly speaking.* en el sentido del reloj = clockwise.* en el sentido de que = in the sense that, along the lines that, in that.* en el sentido más amplio = in the broadest sense, in the widest sense.* en el sentido más general = in the broadest sense.* en el sentido que = in which.* en ese sentido = on that score, to that effect.* en este mismo sentido = along the same lines.* en este sentido = along these lines, in this connection, in this direction, in this respect, in this sense, in this vein, in this spirit, in this regard, in this effort, in that spirit, on this score, to that effect.* en más de un sentido = in more ways than one.* en muchos sentidos = in many ways, in many respects, in most respects, in more ways than one.* en ningún sentido de la palabra = in any sense of the word.* en sentido contrario = to the contrary.* en sentido contrario a las agujas del reloj = counterclockwise, anti-clockwise.* en su estricto sentido = strictly speaking.* en su sentido más amplio = in its/their broadest sense, in its/their widest sense.* en su sentido más general = in its/their broadest sense.* en todos estos sentidos = in all these regards.* en todos los sentidos = in all respects, in every sense.* en unel sentido amplio = in a/the broad sense.* en un/el sentido general = in a/the broad sense.* en un/el sentido más amplio = in a/the broader sense.* en un/el sentido más general = in a/the broader sense.* en un sentido general = in a broad sense.* en un sentido más amplio = in a broader sense, in a larger sense.* en un sentido más general = in a broader sense.* en varios sentidos = in several respects, in various respects.* escribir con sentido = write + sense.* falta de sentido = meaninglessness.* falto de sentido crítico = uncritical.* hacer perder el sentido a = make + nonsense of.* ir en contra del sentido común = violate + common sense.* no tener sentido = be meaningless, be pointless, be senseless.* no tener sentido + Infinitivo = there + be + little point in + Gerundio, there + be + no sense in + Gerundio.* parece tener poco sentido que = there + seem + little point in.* perder el sentido = faint, lose + Posesivo + senses, lose + Posesivo + consciousness, pass out.* perder el sentido del humor = lose + sense of humour.* perder sentido = lose + purpose.* pérdida del sentido = fainting, fainting fit.* quedarse sin sentido = lose + Posesivo + consciousness, pass out.* que tiene sentido = meaningful.* quitarle el sentido = render + meaningless.* recobrar el sentido = regain + Posesivo + consciousness.* recuperar el sentido = regain + Posesivo + consciousness.* rima sin sentido = nonsense, nonsense verse.* sentido común = common sense, savvy, good judgement, judgement [judgment], good sense.* sentido de culpa = guilt.* sentido de desigualdad = sense of inequality.* sentido de identidad = sense of identity.* sentido de la historia = sense of history.* sentido de la obligación = sense of obligation.* sentido de la oportunidad = sense of timing.* sentido de la palabra = word sense.* sentido de la proporción = sense of proportion.* sentido de la responsabilidad = sense of responsibility.* sentido de la superioridad = sense of superiority.* sentido de la vida, el = meaning of life, the.* sentido de la vida y al muerte, el = meaning of life and death, the.* sentido del deber = sense of duty.* sentido del decoro = sense of decorum.* sentido del gusto = sense of taste.* sentido del humor = sense of humour.* sentido del oído = hearing.* sentido del olfato = sense of smell, olfaction.* sentido del ridículo = self-consciousness, embarrassment, self-conscious feeling.* sentido del ser humano = human sense.* sentido del tacto = sense of touch.* sentido del tiempo = sense of time, notion of time.* sentido de moralidad = sense of morality.* sentido de pertenencia = sense of ownership.* sentido de territorialidad = territoriality.* sentido humano = human sense.* sentido implícito = subtext.* sentido muy desarrollado de su propio territorio = territoriality.* sentidos = grounds.* sexto sentido = sixth sense.* sin sentido = meaningless, purposeless, pointless, wanton, nonsensical, unconscious.* tener sentido = make + sense, be meaningful.* tener sentido del ridículo = feel + embarrassed.* teoría de dar sentido = sense-making approach.* tomar en sentido literal = take + Nombre + at face value, accept + Nombre + at face value.* un arraigado sentido de = a strong sense of.* ver el sentido = see + the point.* vía de doble sentido = two-way street.* * *A ‹palabras/carta› heartfelt; ‹anhelo/dolor› deepmi más sentido pésame my deepest sympathyB ‹persona›1 [ SER] (sensible) sensitive, touchy2 [ ESTAR] (dolorido) hurt, offendedestá muy sentido porque no lo invitamos he's very hurt that we didn't ask himA1 ( Fisiol) sensetiene muy aguzado el sentido del olfato she has a very keen sense of smellponer los cinco sentidos en algo to give sth one's full attention; (ante un peligro) to keep one's wits about one2 (noción, idea) sentido DE algo sense OF sthsu sentido del deber/de la justicia her sense of duty/of justicetiene un gran sentido del ritmo he has a great sense of rhythmCompuestos:common sensesense of directionsense of humor*sense of the ridiculoustiene mucho sentido práctico she's very practical, she's very practically mindedB (conocimiento) consciousnessel golpe lo dejó sin sentido he was knocked senseless o unconscious by the blowperder el sentido to lose consciousnessrecobrar el sentido to regain consciousness, to come to, to come roundC1 (significado) senseen el buen sentido de la palabra in the nicest sense of the worden el sentido estricto/amplio del vocablo in the strict/broad sense of the termen sentido literal/figurado in a literal/figurative senselo dijo con doble sentido he was intentionally ambiguousbuscaba algo que le diera sentido a su vida he was searching for something to give his life some meaningconociendo su biografía la obra cobra un sentido muy diferente when one knows something about his life the work takes on a totally different meaningno le encuentro sentido a lo que haces I can't see any sense o point in what you're doingesa política ya no tiene sentido that policy makes no sense anymore o is meaningless nowno tiene sentido preocuparse por eso it's pointless o there's no point worrying about that2(aspecto): en cierto sentido tienen razón in a sense they're righten muchos/ciertos sentidos la situación no ha cambiado in many/certain respects the situation hasn't changeden este sentido debemos recordarnos que … in this respect we should remember …D (dirección) directionse mueve en el sentido de las agujas del reloj it moves clockwise o in a clockwise directiongírese en sentido contrario al de las agujas del reloj turn (round) in a counterclockwise ( AmE) o ( BrE) an anticlockwise directionen el sentido de la veta de la madera with the grain of the woodvenían en sentido contrario or opuesto al nuestro they were coming in the opposite direction to uscalle de sentido único one-way street* * *
Del verbo sentir: ( conjugate sentir)
sentido es:
el participio
Multiple Entries:
sentido
sentir
sentido 1◊ -da adjetivo
1 ‹palabras/carta› heartfelt;
‹anhelo/dolor› deep;
2 [ESTAR] (AmL) ( ofendido) hurt, offended
sentido 2 sustantivo masculino
1a) (Fisiol) senseb) (noción, idea) sentido DE algo sense of sth;
sentido común common sense;
sentido del humor sense of humor( conjugate humor)
2 ( conocimiento) consciousness;
el golpe lo dejó sin sentido he was knocked unconscious by the blow
3 ( significado) sense;
en sentido literal in a literal sense;
lo dijo con doble sentido he was intentionally ambiguous;
el sentido de la vida the meaning of life;
en cierto sentido … in a sense …;
no le encuentro sentido a lo que haces I can't see any sense o point in what you're doing;
esa política ya no tiene sentido that policy doesn't make sense anymore o is meaningless now;
palabras sin sentido meaningless words
4 ( dirección) direction;◊ gírese en sentido contrario al de las agujas del reloj turn (round) in a counterclockwise (AmE) o (BrE) an anticlockwise direction;
venían en sentido contrario al nuestro they were coming in the opposite direction to us;
calle de sentido único or (Méx) de un solo sentido one-way street
sentir ( conjugate sentir) verbo transitivo
1
◊ sentido hambre/frío/sed to feel hungry/cold/thirsty
sentido celos to feel jealous
2
b) (esp AmL) ( percibir):
le siento gusto a vainilla I can taste vanilla
3 ( lamentar):
sentí mucho no poder ayudarla I was very sorry not to be able to help her;
ha sentido mucho la pérdida de su madre she has been very affected by her mother's death
sentirse verbo pronominal
1 (+ compl) to feel;
no me siento con ánimos I don't feel up to it
2 (Chi, Méx) ( ofenderse) to be offended o hurt;
sentidose CON algn to be offended o upset with sb
sentido,-a
I adjetivo
1 deeply felt: su muerte ha sido muy sentida, his death has been deeply felt
2 (susceptible) sensitive
es un chico muy sentido y a la mínima se ofende, he gets upset over the slightest things o he's a very sensitive child
II sustantivo masculino
1 sense
sentido del gusto/olfato, sense of taste/smell
2 (conocimiento, consciencia) recobrar/ perder el sentido, to regain/lose consciousness
3 (lógica, razón) sense: no tiene sentido que te despidas, it makes no sense to leave the job
4 (apreciación, capacidad) no tiene sentido de la medida, he has no sense of moderation
sentido común, common sense
sentido del humor, sense of humour
sexto sentido, sixth sense
5 (significado) meaning: la frase carece de sentido, the sentence has no meaning
6 Auto direction
de doble sentido, two-way
(de) sentido único, one-way
sentir
I sustantivo masculino
1 (juicio, opinion) opinion, view
2 (sentimiento) feeling
II verbo transitivo
1 to feel
sentir alegría/frío, to feel happy/cold
te lo digo como lo siento, I speak my mind ➣ Ver nota en feel
2 (oír, percibir) to hear: la sentí llegar de madrugada, I heard her come home in the small hours
3 (lamentar) to regret, be sorry about: siento haberte enfadado, I'm sorry I made you angry
' sentido' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
ácida
- ácido
- acusada
- acusado
- apelar
- cabeza
- cazar
- coger
- contraria
- contrario
- despertarse
- dirección
- dotada
- dotado
- economía
- educar
- encarar
- esperar
- figurada
- figurado
- fina
- fino
- hogareña
- hogareño
- inversa
- inverso
- juicio
- nariz
- olfato
- paladar
- penetrar
- perder
- pésame
- rara
- raro
- realista
- recobrar
- recta
- recto
- recuperar
- sentida
- tacto
- tener
- trancazo
- visión
- vista
- agudeza
- agudizar
- agudo
- alto
English:
add up
- advantage
- anticlockwise
- appeal
- arguable
- babble
- break
- civic
- clockwise
- common sense
- counterclockwise
- derogatory
- direction
- ear
- feel
- few
- figurative
- figuratively
- flail
- gumption
- hearing
- high
- humour
- iota
- literally
- little
- make
- meaning
- meaningless
- mindless
- modicum
- obscure
- one-way
- pointless
- practicality
- quite
- reason
- respect
- scent
- sense
- senseless
- sight
- smell
- strictly
- taste
- three-point turn
- touch
- two-way
- U-turn
- unconscious
* * *sentido, -a♦ adj1. [profundo] heartfelt;mi más sentido pésame with deepest sympathy3. [ofendido] hurt, offended;quedó muy sentido por tu respuesta he was very hurt by your reply4. RP [lesionado] hurt;el talonador no puede seguir jugando, está sentido the hooker is unable to carry on playing, he's hurt♦ nm1. [capacidad para percibir] sense;sentido del tacto sense of touch;con los cinco sentidos [completamente] heart and soul;no tengo ningún sentido del ritmo I have no sense of rhythm;tiene un sentido muy particular de la sinceridad he has a very peculiar notion of sincerity;poner los cinco sentidos en algo to give one's all to sthsentido común common sense;tener sentido común to have common sense;sentido del deber sense of duty;sentido del humor sense of humour;sentido de la orientación sense of direction;sentido del ridículo sense of the ridiculous2. [conocimiento] consciousness;perder/recobrar el sentido to lose/regain consciousness;sin sentido unconscious3. [dirección] direction;los trenes circulaban en sentido opuesto the trains were travelling in opposite directions;de sentido único one-way;de doble sentido two-way;en el sentido de las agujas del reloj clockwise;4. [significado] sense, meaning;esta expresión tiene un sentido peyorativo this expression has a pejorative sense;esta frase tiene varios sentidos this sentence has several possible interpretations;en sentido figurado in the figurative sense;doble sentido double meaning;una frase de doble sentido a phrase with a double meaning;en ese sentido [respecto a eso] as far as that's concerned;en ese sentido, tienes razón in that sense, you're rightno tiene sentido escribirle si no sabe leer there's no point writing to him if he can't read;no tiene sentido que salgamos si llueve there's no sense in going out if it's raining;para ella la vida ya no tenía sentido life no longer had any meaning for her;sin sentido [ilógico] meaningless;[inútil, irrelevante] pointless;un sin sentido nonsense* * *I adj heartfeltII mel sexto sentido the sixth sense2 ( significado) meaning;doble sentido double meaning;en el sentido propio de la palabra in the true sense of the word;en todos los sentidos de la palabra in every sense of the word;en un sentido más amplio in a wider sense;en cierto sentido in a way3 ( dirección) direction;en el sentido de las agujas del reloj clockwise4 consciousness;perder/recobrar el sentido lose/regain consciousness* * *sentido, -da adj1) : heartfelt, sinceremi más sentido pésame: my sincerest condolences2) : touchy, sensitive3) : offended, hurtsentido nm1) : sensesentido común: common senselos cinco sentidos: the five sensessin sentido: senseless2) conocimiento: consciousness3) significado: meaning, sensedoble sentido: double entendre4) : directioncalle de sentido único: one-way street* * *sentido n1. (capacidad) sensetenemos cinco sentidos: vista, oído, gusto, olfato y tacto we have five senses: sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch2. (significado) meaning3. (lógica) point4. (dirección) direction / way5. (conocimiento) consciousness -
92 бабник
1) General subject: Stud, easy-rider, jelly roll, lover boy, philander, philanderer, wencher, womaniser2) Colloquial: wolf, womanizer, holy terror, ram, tomcat, guch hound3) American: jelly-roll, lover-boy4) Australian slang: slut5) Rude: pussy-hound (He's a total pussy hound.)6) Jargon: cake-eater, campus butcher, chaser, crusher, dancer, easy rider, furper, fusser, hound dog, loltygagger, on the make, on the pitch, woman-chaser, hound, boomer, cake, hot pants hot-pants7) Student language: big-time operator8) Taboo: Handsome Harry, John, banger, big-dame hunter (см. big-game hunter), big-time operator (см. small-time operator), body-snatcher, broad-chaser (см. broad), candy kid, chicken butcher, chippy chaser, come-on, cunt-chaser, educated fox, eye-gazer, eye-giver, fast operator, fast worker, fem follower, fleece-hunter, flower-fancier (см. flower), free-lance, gal-sneaker, gash hound, gay Lothario, heavy cake, hen's egg, holer, home blaster, killer, knave of hearts, ladies' man, man of affairs, man on the make, masher, scammer, sharp-shooter, sheik, skirt-chaser, snake, squaw man, stepson, sugar-chaser, supper-jet, tail-chaser, thriller, travelling salesman, wild-oats sower, winker, woman's home companion -
93 генератор
( колебаний) driver, emitter, energizer, oscillator, generator, producer* * *генера́тор м.1. ( электромашинный) generatorвключа́ть генера́тор на нагру́зку — cause a generator to pick up (the) loadгенера́тор возбужда́ется — the generator builds upв слу́чае вы́хода генера́тора из стро́я … — upon loss of a generator …генера́тор выде́рживает нагру́зку (напр. номинальную) [m2]в тече́ние … — the generator carries its (e. g., rated) load for …генера́тор искри́т под щё́тками — the generator sparks under the brushesгенера́торы нагружа́ются равноме́рно ( при параллельной работе) — the generators divide the load wellгенера́тор нагру́жен норма́льно ( при параллельной работе) — the generator takes its share of loadгенера́тор начина́ет возбужда́ться — the generator picks upгенера́тор недогру́жен ( при параллельной работе) — the generator takes less than its share of the loadгенера́тор перегру́жен ( при параллельной работе) — the generator takes more than its share of the loadгенера́тор перехо́дит в режи́м электродви́гателя — the generator goes motoringгенера́тор рабо́тает на холосто́м ходу́ — the generator operates at no loadгенера́тор рабо́тает паралле́льно с … — the generator operates in parallel with …разгоня́ть генера́тор — allow a generator to come up to speed, bring up a generator to speedгенера́торы синхронизи́рованы ( при параллельной работе) — the generators are in synchronismсинхронизи́ровать генера́торы по загора́нию ламп — synchronize the generators by the light-lamp method, synchronize lightсинхронизи́ровать генера́торы по погаса́нию ламп — synchronize the generators by the dark-lamp method, synchronize darkста́вить генера́тор под нагру́зку — throw a generator on (the) load1) ( первичный источник колебаний) oscillator2) ( источник сигналов) generatorвозбужда́ть генера́тор — drive an oscillatorзапуска́ть генера́тор — activate [enable, turn on] an oscillatorнастра́ивать генера́тор измене́нием ё́мкости — tune an oscillator capacitively [by varying the tuned-circuit capacitance]настра́ивать генера́тор измене́нием индукти́вности — tune an oscillator inductively [by varying the tuned-circuit inductance]генера́тор начина́ет генери́ровать — the oscillator is kicked into oscillationsотключа́ть генера́тор — disable [turn off] an oscillatorпереводи́ть генера́тор в двухта́ктный режи́м — convert an oscillator to push-pull operationгенера́тор постро́ен на ла́мпе …— the oscillator uses [is based on, is built around] a … valveгенера́тор постро́ен по схе́ме (напр. ёмкостной трёхточки) — the oscillator is (set up as) a … (e. g., Colpitts circuit)генера́тор раска́чивается — the oscillator is building [builds] up (oscillation)синхронизи́ровать генера́тор какой-л. частото́й — lock an oscillator to a frequencyсрыва́ть колеба́ния в генера́торе — quench [turn off] an oscillatorавари́йный генера́тор — emergency generatorасинхро́нный генера́тор — induction generatorацетиле́новый генера́тор — acetylene generatorацетиле́новый генера́тор систе́мы «вода́ на карби́д» — water-to-carbide acetylene generatorацетиле́новый генера́тор систе́мы вытесне́ния — recession(-type) acetylene generatorацетиле́новый генера́тор систе́мы «карби́д в во́ду» — carbide-to-water acetylene generatorацетиле́новый генера́тор систе́мы погруже́ния — dipping(-type) acetylene generatorацетиле́новый генера́тор сухо́го ти́па — dry-residue acetylene generatorаэрозо́льный генера́тор — aerosol generator, foggerбала́нсный генера́тор — balanced oscillatorгенера́тор бегу́щей волны́ — traveling-wave-tube [TWT] oscillatorбесколле́кторный генера́тор — brushless generatorбесщё́точный генера́тор — brushless generatorгенера́тор бие́ний — beat-frequency oscillatorбрызгозащищё́нный [брызгонепроница́емый] генера́тор — splash-proof generatorгенера́тор Ван-де-Гра́афа — Van de Graaf [(electrostatic) belt] generatorвертика́льный генера́тор — vertical-shaft generatorгенера́тор видеочастоты́ — video-frequency signal generatorгенера́тор возбужда́ющих и́мпульсов — drive-pulse generator, driverвольтодоба́вочный генера́тор — booster (generator)вспомога́тельный генера́тор — auxiliary generatorгенера́тор вызывно́го то́ка — ringing generatorгенера́тор высо́кой частоты́1. (исходный или задающий источник в. ч. колебаний) radio-frequency oscillator2. (блок, включающий задающий в. ч. генератор, усилители, множители частоты и т. п.) radio-frequency generatorга́нновский генера́тор — Gunn(-effect) oscillatorгенера́тор гармо́ник ( не путать с генера́торами гармони́ческих или синусоида́льных колеба́ний) — harmonic generator (not to be confused with a harmonic or sinusoidal oscillator)гетерополя́рный генера́тор — cross-field [heteropolar] generatorгла́вный генера́тор мор. — propulsion generatorгенера́тор гла́вных синхронизи́рующих и́мпульсов — master clockгомополя́рный генера́тор — homopolar generatorгоризонта́льный генера́тор — horizontal-shaft generatorдвухко́нтурный генера́тор — tuned-input, tuned-output oscillatorдвухполя́рный генера́тор — bipolar generatorдвухта́ктный генера́тор — push-pull oscillatorджозефсо́новский генера́тор — Josephson sourceдиапазо́нный генера́тор — variable-frequency oscillator, VFOдинатро́нный генера́тор — dynatron oscillatorдугово́й генера́тор — arc converterё́мкостно-резисти́вный генера́тор — RC-oscillatorзадаю́ший генера́тор — master oscillatorгенера́тор заде́ржанных и́мпульсов — delayed pulse oscillatorгенера́тор заде́ржки — delay generatorгенера́тор за́днего полустро́ба — late-gate generatorзакры́тый генера́тор — (totally) enclosed generatorзапира́ющий генера́тор — blanking-pulse generatorзаря́дный генера́тор — charging generatorзвуково́й генера́тор — audio-signal [tone] generatorгенера́тор звуково́й частоты́ — audio-signal [tone] generator, audio(-frequency) oscillatorгенера́тор звуково́й частоты́, вызывно́й — voice-frequency ringing generator, low-frequency signalling setзу́ммерный генера́тор — buzzer oscillatorизмери́тельный генера́тор — ( без модуляции выходного сигнала) test oscillator; ( с модуляцией выходного сигнала) signal generatorгенера́тор и́мпульсного напряже́ния — high-voltage impulse generatorгенера́тор и́мпульсного то́ка — surge current generatorи́мпульсный генера́тор (источник колебаний, генерирующий под воздействием собственных или внешних импульсов) — pulse oscillatorи́мпульсный, хрони́рованный генера́тор — timed pulse oscillatorгенера́тор и́мпульсов (любой источник управляемых последовательностей импульсов, в том числе механический, электромеханический, электронный и т. п.) — pulse generator, pulserгенера́тор и́мпульсов за́данной фо́рмы — pulse waveform generatorгенера́тор и́мпульсов, маломо́щный — low-level pulserгенера́тор и́мпульсов, ма́тричный — matrix-type pulse generatorгенера́тор и́мпульсов, мо́щный — power pulserгенера́тор и́мпульсов, электро́нный — electronic pulse generatorгенера́тор инду́кторного вы́зова — subharmonic generator, ringing converterинду́кторный генера́тор — inductor generatorинтегра́льный генера́тор — integrated(-circuit) oscillatorинтерполяцио́нный генера́тор — interpolation oscillatorискрово́й генера́тор ( напр. для индукционного нагрева) — spark-gap converter (e. g., for induction heating)генера́тор ка́дровой развё́ртки — vertical-scanning [frame-scan, frame-sweep, vertical sweep] generator [circuit]калибро́вочный генера́тор — calibration oscillatorкамерто́нный генера́тор — tuning-fork oscillatorгенера́тор кача́ющейся частоты́ [ГКЧ] — sweep-frequency [swept-frequency] generator; ( без конкретизации типа) swept-signal sourceгенера́тор кача́ющейся частоты́ осуществля́ет кача́ние ( в пределах нужного диапазона) — the swept-frequency source sweeps (across the frequency range of interest)квадрату́рный генера́тор — quadrature oscillatorква́нтовый генера́тор — quantum-mechanical oscillatorква́нтовый генера́тор ИК-диапазо́на — infrared [IR] laser, iraserква́нтовый, опти́ческий генера́тор [ОКГ] — laser (см. тж. лазер)ква́нтовый, опти́ческий генера́тор бегу́щей волны́ — travelling wave laserква́нтовый, опти́ческий жи́дкостный генера́тор — liquid laserква́нтовый, опти́ческий и́мпульсный генера́тор — pulse(d) laserква́нтовый, опти́ческий инжекцио́нный генера́тор — injection laserква́нтовый, опти́ческий ио́нный генера́тор — ion(ic) (gas) laserква́нтовый, опти́ческий комбинацио́нный генера́тор — Raman laserква́нтовый, опти́ческий молекуля́рный генера́тор — molecular laserква́нтовый, опти́ческий монои́мпульсный генера́тор — giant-pulse laserква́нтовый, опти́ческий генера́тор на пигме́нтах — dye laserква́нтовый, опти́ческий генера́тор на руби́не — ruby laserква́нтовый, опти́ческий генера́тор на стекле́ с неоди́мом — Nd glass laserква́нтовый, опти́ческий полупроводнико́вый генера́тор — semiconduction laserква́нтовый, опти́ческий регенерати́вный генера́тор — cavity laserква́нтовый, опти́ческий генера́тор с модуля́цией добро́тности — Q-switched laserква́нтовый, опти́ческий генера́тор с непреры́вным режи́мом генера́ции — CW laserква́нтовый, опти́ческий генера́тор с электро́нной нака́чкой — electron-beam-pumped laserква́нтовый, опти́ческий твердоте́льный генера́тор — solid-state laserква́нтовый, опти́ческий хими́ческий генера́тор — chemical laserква́нтовый генера́тор СВЧ(-диапазо́на) — maser (см. тж. мазер)ква́нтовый генера́тор СВЧ, акусти́ческий — acoustic maserква́нтовый генера́тор СВЧ, га́зовый — gas maserква́нтовый генера́тор СВЧ, и́мпульсный — pulse(d) maserква́нтовый генера́тор СВЧ не аммиа́ке — ammonia gas maserква́нтовый генера́тор СВЧ на осно́ве циклотро́нного резона́нса — cyclotron resonance [electron cyclotron] maserква́нтовый генера́тор СВЧ на порошке́ — powder maserква́нтовый генера́тор СВЧ на пучке́ моле́кул — molecular-beam maserква́нтовый генера́тор СВЧ на руби́не — ruby maserква́нтовый генера́тор СВЧ, полупроводнико́вый — semiconductor maserква́нтовый генера́тор СВЧ, регенерати́вный — cavity maserква́нтовый генера́тор СВЧ, регенерати́вный отража́тельный — reflection-type cavity maserква́нтовый генера́тор СВЧ, регенерати́вныйпроходно́й генера́тор — transmission-type cavity maserква́нтовый генера́тор СВЧ, полупроводнико́вый — semiconductor maserква́нтовый генера́тор СВЧ с интерферо́метром Фабри́—Перо́ — Fabry-Perot maserква́нтовый генера́тор СВЧ с опти́ческой нака́чкой — optically pumped maserква́нтовый генера́тор СВЧ, твердоте́льный — solid-state maserква́нтовый генера́тор СВЧ, фоно́нный — phonon maserква́нтовый генера́тор с нака́чкой ла́зером — laser pumped maserква́нтовый генера́тор субмиллиметро́вого диапазо́на — submillimeter (wave) maser, smaserква́рцевый генера́тор — crystal oscillatorклистро́нный генера́тор1. (источник сигнала, подсоединён прямо к волноводу) klystron generator2. (источник высокочастотных колебаний, напр. гетеродин) klystron oscillatorкогере́нтный генера́тор — coherent oscillator, Cohoгенера́тор (колеба́ний) с вне́шним возбужде́нием — radio-frequency [r.f.] power amplifierкольцево́й генера́тор — ring oscillatorгенера́тор компенса́ции парази́тных сигна́лов передаю́щей тру́бки тлв. — shading generatorгенера́тор компенса́ции тё́много пятна́ тлв. — shading(-correction) generatorгенера́тор коро́тких и́мпульсов — narrow-pulse generatorла́мповый генера́тор — брит. valve oscillator; амер. vacuum-tube oscillatorгенера́тор лине́йно-возраста́ющего напряже́ния ( [m2]то́ка) — saw-tooth (voltage, current) generatorгенера́тор лине́йно-па́дающего напряже́ния ( [m2]то́ка) — phantastronмагнетро́нный генера́тор — magnetron oscillatorмагнитогидродинами́ческий генера́тор — magnetohydrodynamic [MHD] generator, magneto-fluid-dynamic [MFD] generatorмагнитогидродинами́ческий генера́тор на неравнове́сной пла́зме — non-equilibrium magnetohydrodynamic generatorмагнитострикцио́нный генера́тор — magnetostriction oscillatorмагнитоэлектри́ческий генера́тор — permanent-magnet generatorгенера́тор масшта́бных ме́ток да́льности — calibration mark(er) generatorгенера́тор ме́ток вре́мени — time-mark generatorгенера́тор ме́ток да́льности — range-mark(er) generatorмногото́ковый генера́тор — multiple-current generatorгенера́тор, модели́рующий диагра́мму напра́вленности — beam-pattern generatorмолекуля́рный генера́тор — molecular-beam maserнадтона́льный генера́тор (в синтезаторах частоты, возбудителях дискретного спектра и т. п.) — interpolation oscillatorгенера́тор нака́чки — pump oscillator; ( параметрического усилителя) pumpгенера́тор на кре́мниевом дио́де, транзи́сторах, R и C и т. п. — silicon-diode, transistor, RC-, etc. oscillatorгенера́тор на то́пливных элеме́нтах — fuel-cell generatorгенера́тор незатуха́ющих колеба́ний — continuous-wave [CW] oscillatorгенера́тор нейтро́нов — neutron generatorгенера́тор несу́щей частоты́ — ( в ВЧ телефонии) carrier oscillator; ( в системах на боковых частотах) carrier generatorнеявнопо́люсный генера́тор — implicit-pole generatorгенера́тор ни́зкой частоты́ — audio(-frequency) oscillator; audio signal generatorгенера́тор одино́чных и́мпульсов — single-pulse generatorопо́рный генера́тор ( в синтезаторах частоты и возбудителях дискретного спектра) — frequency standard (assembly)опо́рный генера́тор явля́ется исто́чником высокостаби́льной опо́рной частоты́, на осно́ве кото́рой получа́ются все остальны́е часто́ты, испо́льзуемые в радиоста́нции — the frequency standard produces an accurate, stable reference frequency upon which all frequencies used in the radio set are basedгенера́тор па́ра — steam generatorпараметри́ческий генера́тор — parametric oscillatorгенера́тор па́чек и́мпульсов — pulse-burst [series] generatorпеда́льный генера́тор — foot-operated [pedal] generatorгенера́тор пе́ны горн. — froth generatorгенера́тор пере́днего полустро́ба — early-gate generatorгенера́тор переме́нного то́ка — alternating current [a.c.] generator, alternatorгенера́тор переме́нного то́ка, многочасто́тный — multifrequency alternatorгенера́тор пилообра́зного напряже́ния ( [m2]то́ка) — saw-tooth voltage (current) generatorгенера́тор пла́вного диапазо́на — variable frequency oscillator, VFOпла́зменный генера́тор — plasma oscillatorгенера́тор пла́змы, дугово́й — arc plasma generatorгенера́тор повы́шенной частоты́ — rotary frequency changer, rotary changer converterгенера́тор погружно́го исполне́ния — submerged [submersible] generatorпогружно́й генера́тор — submerged [submersible] generatorгенера́тор постоя́нного то́ка — direct-current [d.c.] generatorгенера́тор по схе́ме ё́мкостной трёхто́чки — Colpitts oscillatorгенера́тор по схе́ме индукти́вной трёхто́чки — Hartley oscillatorгенера́тор по схе́ме моста́ Ви́на — Wien-bridge oscillatorгенера́тор по схе́ме Ше́мбеля — electron-coupled oscillator, ECOгенера́тор преры́вистого де́йствия — chopping oscillatorгенера́тор прямоуго́льных и́мпульсов — square-wave generatorгенера́тор псевдослуча́йной после́довательности — PR sequence generatorгенера́тор пусковы́х и́мпульсов — trigger(-pulse) generatorгенера́тор равновероя́тных цифр — equiprobable number generatorгенера́тор развё́ртки — брит. time-base (generator), time-base circuit; амер. sweep generatorгенера́тор развё́ртки да́льности — range-sweep generatorреакти́вный генера́тор — reluctance generatorрезе́рвный генера́тор — stand-by generatorрелаксацио́нный генера́тор — relaxation oscillatorгенера́тор релаксацио́нных колеба́ний — relaxation oscillatorреле́йный генера́тор — relay pulse generatorсамовозбужда́ющийся генера́тор — self-excited generatorсамохрони́рующийся генера́тор — self-pulsed oscillatorгенера́тор сантиметро́вого диапазо́на — SHF oscillatorгенера́тор с вну́тренней самовентиля́цией — built-in-fan-cooled generatorгенера́тор с водоро́дным охлажде́нием — hydrogen-cooled generatorгенера́тор СВЧ ( не путать с генера́тором сантиметро́вого диапазо́на) — microwave oscillator (not to be confused with SHF oscillator)сельси́нный генера́тор — synchro generatorгенера́тор се́тки часто́т — (frequency) spectrum generatorгенера́тор се́тки часто́т с ша́гом 10 кГц — a 10 kHz spectrum generatorгенера́тор сигна́лов — signal generatorгенера́тор сигна́лов, часто́тно-модули́рованный — FM signal generatorгенера́тор си́мволов — symbol generatorгенера́тор синусоида́льных колеба́ний ( не путать с генера́тором гармо́ник) — harmonic [sinusoidal] oscillator (not to be confused with harmonic generator)генера́тор синхрои́мпульсов тлв. — synchronizing(-signal) [sync] generatorсинхро́нный генера́тор1. эл. synchronous generator2. радио, тлв. locked oscillatorгенера́тор с и́скровым возбужде́нием — spark-excited oscillatorгенера́тор с ква́рцевой стабилиза́цией — crystal-controlled oscillatorгенера́тор с колеба́тельным ко́нтуром в цепи́ ано́да — брит. tuned-anode oscillator; амер. tuned-plate oscillatorгенера́тор с колеба́тельным ко́нтуром в цепи́ ано́да и се́тки — брит. tuned-anode, tuned-grid [TATG] oscillator; амер. tuned-grid, tuned-plate [TGTP] oscillatorгенера́тор с колеба́тельным ко́нтуром в цепи́ се́тки — tuned-grid oscillatorгенера́тор случа́йных сигна́лов ( в информационных системах) — random-signal generatorгенера́тор случа́йных собы́тий — random event generator, randomizerгенера́тор случа́йных чи́сел мат. — random number generator, randomizerгенера́тор с нару́жной самовентиля́цией — built-in blower-cooled generatorгенера́тор с незави́симым возбужде́нием1. эл. separately excited generator2. радио r.f. power amplifierгенера́тор с незави́симым охлажде́нием — separate fan-cooled generatorгенера́тор с непо́лным включе́нием колеба́тельного ко́нтура — tapped-down oscillatorгенера́тор с нея́вно вы́раженными полюса́ми — non-salient pole generatorгенера́тор со́бственных нужд (станции, подстанции и т. п.) — house generatorгенера́тор со скоростно́й модуля́цией — velocity-modulated oscillatorгенера́тор со сме́шанным возбужде́нием — compound generatorгенера́тор с отрица́тельной крутизно́й — negative-transconductance oscillatorгенера́тор с отрица́тельным сопротивле́нием — negative-resistance oscillatorгенера́тор с паралле́льным возбужде́нием — shunt(-wound) generatorгенера́тор с попере́чным по́лем — cross-field [heteropolar] generatorгенера́тор с после́довательным возбужде́нием — series(-wound) generatorгенера́тор с посторо́нним возбужде́нием — r.f. power amplifierгенера́тор с постоя́нными магни́тами — permanent magnet generatorгенера́тор с продо́льным по́лем — homopolar generatorгенера́тор с протяжё́нным взаимоде́йствием — extended interaction oscillatorгенера́тор срыва́ющей частоты́ — quench(ing) oscillatorгенера́тор с самовозбужде́нием ( автогенератор) — self-excited [feedback] oscillatorгенера́тор, стабилизи́рованный ква́рцем — crystal-controlled oscillatorгенера́тор, стабилизи́рованный ли́нией — line-controlled oscillatorгенера́тор станда́ртных сигна́лов — standard-signal generatorгенера́тор с тормозя́щим по́лем — retarding-field [positive-grid] oscillatorстоя́ночный генера́тор мор. — harbour generatorгенера́тор строб-и́мпульсов — gate generatorгенера́тор стро́чной развё́ртки — horizontal-scanning [line-scan, line-sweep, horizontal-sweep] generator [circuit]стру́йный генера́тор — fluid oscillatorгенера́тор ступе́нчатой фу́нкции — step-function generatorгенера́тор субгармо́ник — subharmonic generatorгенера́тор с фа́зовым сдви́гом — phase-shift oscillatorгенера́тор с часто́тной модуля́цией — frequency-modulated oscillatorгенера́тор с электро́нной перестро́йкой частоты́ — voltage-tuned oscillatorгенера́тор с я́вно вы́раженными по́люсами — salient-pole generatorгенера́тор та́ктовых и́мпульсов — clock pulse-generatorтахометри́ческий генера́тор — tacho(meter-)generatorтвердоте́льный генера́тор — solid-state oscillatorтеплово́й генера́тор — heat generatorтермоаэрозо́льный генера́тор — thermal aerosol generatorтермоэлектри́ческий генера́тор — thermoelectric generatorтермоэлектри́ческий, изото́пный генера́тор — isotopic thermoelectric generatorтермоэлектро́нный генера́тор — thermionic generator, thermionic converterтиратро́нный генера́тор — thyratron oscillatorгенера́тор тона́льного вы́зова — ( без конкретизации частоты) v.f. [voice-frequency] ringer; ( c точным указанием частоты) 2100-Hz ringer; 500-Hz ringerтранзитро́нный генера́тор — transitron oscillatorтрёхто́чечный генера́тор ( обобщённое название) — impedance voltage divider oscillatorтрёхто́чечный генера́тор с ё́мкостной обра́тной свя́зью — Colpitts oscillatorтрёхто́чечный генера́тор с индукти́вной обра́тной свя́зью — Hartley oscillatorтрёхфа́зный генера́тор — three-phase generatorгенера́тор уда́рного возбужде́ния — shock-excited oscillatorгенера́тор уда́рных волн ав. — shock-wave generatorгенера́тор у́зких строб-и́мпульсов — narrow gate [strobe-pulse] generatorу́ксусный генера́тор — vinegar generatorультразвуково́й генера́тор — ultrasonic generatorультразвуково́й генера́тор для сня́тия на́кипи — ultrasonic descalerуниполя́рный генера́тор — homopolar [unipolar] generatorгенера́тор, управля́емый напряже́нием — voltage-controlled oscillator, VCOфотоэлектри́ческий генера́тор — photoelectric generatorгенера́тор Хо́лла — Hall generatorгенера́тор хрони́рующий генера́тор — timing oscillatorгенера́тор чи́сел — number generatorгенера́тор ЧМ ( для измерений методом качающейся частоты) — sweep generator, swept-signal sourceгенера́тор широ́ких строб-и́мпульсов — wide gate [strob-pulse] generatorгенера́тор шу́ма — noise generatorэквивале́нтный генера́тор напряже́ния — constant-voltage generator (Thevenin equivalent)эквивале́нтный генера́тор то́ка — constant-current generator (Norton equivalent)электростати́ческий генера́тор — electrostatic generatorэлектростати́ческий, ле́нточный генера́тор — belt-type electrostatic generatorэлектростати́ческий, ро́торный генера́тор — rotary electrostatic generatorэлектрофо́рный генера́тор — influence machineэтало́нный генера́тор — reference [standard] oscillatorявнопо́люсный генера́тор — explicit-pole generator* * * -
94 ude
* * *adv out,( udenfor også) outside;( i fri luft) in the open (air), out (of doors);( i udlandet) abroad;( forbi) at an end ( fx all hope is at an end), up ( fx (the) time is up);[ spillet er ude] the game is up;[ han er helt ude af det] he is beside himself;[ være ude af sig selv] be beside oneself ( fx with joy, with rage);( stærkere) be out of one's mind,F be distracted,T be unhinged;(se også I. stand, syn);[ han er ude at gå en tur] he has gone for a walk;[ ude at rejse] travelling, on a journey, away,( i udlandet også) abroad;[ ude at tjene] in service;(se også svømme);[ der ude] out there;( ville have) be out for ( fx fun, money, a good time, compliments, somebody's blood), be after ( fx a job),(neds) be after ( fx somebody's job, somebody's wife), havedesigns on ( fx somebody's money);(se også ndf: ude på);(dvs kom med skoser etc) he was getting at me all the time;[ være ude for] meet with ( fx an accident; I never met with anything so awful as this), be involved in ( fx an accident);[ det er ude med ham] it is all up with him, he is done for;[ han var selv ude om det] he only got what he had asked for; he was asking for it; he brought it on himself;[ være ude over sin første ungdom] be past one's first youth;[ nyheden er ude over hele byen] the news is all over the town;[ være ude på (el. efter) at] be out to ( fx get him);[ være ude på (el. efter) ballade] be looking for trouble;(dvs jeg forstår ham ikke) what's he at?(neds: om skumle planer) what's he up to? what's his (little) game?[ ude på havet] (out) at sea;[ ude på landet] (out) in the country;[ være ude til middag] dine out; be dining out. -
95 dado
adj.given.m.1 dice, die.2 threading die.3 dado, die.past part.past participle of spanish verb: dar.* * *1 (para jugar) die2 TÉCNICA block3 ARQUITECTURA dado\cargar los dados to load the diceechar los dados to throw the dice————————1→ link=dar dar► adjetivo1 given■ en un momento dado at a given moment, at a certain point■ dada la base y la altura, hallar la superficie given the base and the height, find the area2 (en vista de) in view of3 (hora) past\dado que since, as, given thatir dado,-a to be in for trouble■ vas dado si crees que te esperaré if you think I'm going to wait for you, you've got another think comingser dado,-a a to be keen on, be fond of* * *1. noun m. 2. (f. - dada)adj.* * *ISM1) [en juegos] diepl dados diceechó o tiró los dados — he threw the dice
2) (Arquit) dado3) (Mec) blockIIADJ1) (=determinado)dadas estas circunstancias — in view of o given these circumstances
2)3)ir dado * —
si crees que te voy a pagar las vacaciones, vas dado — if you think I'm going to pay for your holidays, you've another think coming!
4)dado que — + subjun provided that, so long as; + indic given that
* * *I- da adjetivo1) ( determinado) givenen un momento/punto dado — at a given moment/point
2) (como conj) givendadas las circunstancias — given o in view of the circumstances
dado que — (frml) in view of the fact that (frml), given that
3) [ser] ( proclive)dado a algo/+ inf — given to something/-ing
4) (RPl) (abierto, extrovertido) outgoingII1)a) (Jueg) dice, die (frml)echar or tirar los dados — to throw the dice
b) ( cubo)2) (Arquit) dado* * *I- da adjetivo1) ( determinado) givenen un momento/punto dado — at a given moment/point
2) (como conj) givendadas las circunstancias — given o in view of the circumstances
dado que — (frml) in view of the fact that (frml), given that
3) [ser] ( proclive)dado a algo/+ inf — given to something/-ing
4) (RPl) (abierto, extrovertido) outgoingII1)a) (Jueg) dice, die (frml)echar or tirar los dados — to throw the dice
b) ( cubo)2) (Arquit) dado* * *dado11 = given.Ex: The notation for any given geographical division varies between classes and between different parts of the same classes.
* dada la situación = in the circumstances.* dadas las circunstancias = in the circumstances, under the circumstances.* dado a recluirse = reclusive.* dado a recortar presupuestos = budget-cutting.* dado de baja = written-off.* dado por hecho = foregone.* dado por muerto = presumed dead.* dado que = seeing that/as, on account of.* en un momento dado = at any given moment, at a given point in time, at a given moment in time, at a given moment.* ponencia dada por invitado especial = key paper.* ser dado a = be amenable to, be apt to.* solución dada = cut-and-dried solution.* * *A (determinado) givenen un momento/punto dado at a given moment/pointB1 ( como conj) givendadas las circunstancias given o in view of the circumstancesdado un círculo de cinco centímetros de radio given a circle with a radius of five centimetersno es extraño que no haya podido resolverlo, dada la complejidad del caso it's not surprising he hasn't been able to resolve it, given o considering the complexity of the case2C [ SER] (proclive) dado A algo given TO sthlos vecinos son muy dados al chismorreo the neighbors tend to gossip a lot, the neighbors are very fond of o are given to gossipingen este país la gente es muy dada a criticar in this country people are inclined to be o tend to be critical o are given to criticizingir dado ( Esp fam): como sigas sin estudiar vas dado if you don't start studying, you'll be in trouble ( colloq)si pretendes que pague yo, vas dado if you think I'm going to pay, you've got another think coming ( colloq)D ( RPl) (abierto, extrovertido) outgoingdado2Aechar or tirar los dados to throw the dicejugar a los dados to play dicelos dados estaban cargados the dice were loaded2(cubo): cortar el queso en dados cut the cheese into cubeszanahoria cortada en daditos diced carrotB ( Arquit) dadoC ( Fil) given* * *
Del verbo dar: ( conjugate dar)
dado es:
el participio
Multiple Entries:
dado
dar
dado 1◊ -da adjetivo
1 ( determinado) given;
2 ( como conj) given;◊ dadas las circunstancias given o in view of the circumstances;
dado que given that
3 [ser] ( proclive) dado a algo/hacer algo given to sth/doing sth
dado 2 sustantivo masculino
1 (Jueg) dice, die (frml);
2 (Arquit) dado
dar ( conjugate dar) verbo transitivo
1
déme un kilo de peras can I have a kilo of pears?;
See Also→ conocer verbo transitivo 3 b, entender verbo transitivo
2
‹información/idea› to give
3
4 ( conceder) ‹prórroga/permiso› to give;
nos dieron un premio we won o got a prize
5
◊ ¿le diste las gracias? did you thank him?, did you say thank you?;
dales saludos give/send them my regards;
tuve que dadole la noticia I was the one who had to break the news to himb) (señalar, indicar): me da ocupado or (Esp) comunicando the line's busy o (BrE) engaged;
1
‹ dividendos› to pay;
b) (AmL) ( alcanzar hasta):◊ da 150 kilómetros por hora it can do o go 150 kilometres an hour;
venía a todo lo que daba it was travelling at full speed;
ponen la radio a todo lo que da they turn the radio on full blast
2 (causar, provocar) ‹placer/susto› to give;
‹ problemas› to cause;
el calor le dio sueño/sed the heat made him sleepy/thirsty
1 ( presentar) ‹ concierto› to give;◊ ¿qué dan esta noche en la tele? what's on TV tonight? (colloq);
¿dónde están dando esa película? where's that film showing?
2
‹baile/banquete› to hold;
‹ discurso› (AmL) to make
ver tb clase 4
( realizar la accion que se indica) ‹ grito› to give;
dame un beso give me a kiss;
ver tb golpe, paseo, vuelta, etc
( considerar) dado algo/a algn por algo:
ese tema lo doy por sabido I'm assuming you've already covered that topic;
¡dalo por hecho! consider it done!
verbo intransitivo
1
[ventana/balcón] to look onto, give onto;
[fachada/frente] to face
2 (ser suficiente, alcanzar) dado para algo/algn to be enough for sth/sb;
dado de sí ‹zapatos/jersey› to stretch
3 ( arrojar un resultado):
¿cuánto da la cuenta? what does it come to?;
a mí me dio 247 I made it (to be) 247
4 ( importar):
¡qué más da! what does it matter!;
¿qué más da? what difference does it make?;
me da igual I don't mind
5 ( en naipes) to deal
1
( como castigo) to smack sb;
el balón dio en el poste the ball hit the post
2 (accionar, mover) dadole a algo ‹a botón/tecla› to press sth;
‹ a interruptor› to flick sth;
‹a manivela/volante› to turn sth
3
‹ solución› to hit upon, find;
‹ palabra› to come up with
4 (hablando de manías, ocurrencias) dadole a algn por hacer algo ‹por pintar/cocinar› to take to doing sth;◊ le ha dado por decir que … he's started saying that …
5 [sol/luz]:
la luz le daba de lleno en los ojos the light was shining right in his eyes
darse verbo pronominal
1 ( producirse) [fruta/trigo] to grow
2 ( presentarse) [oportunidad/ocasión] to arise
3 ( resultar) (+ me/te/le etc):
◊ dárselas de algo: se las da de valiente/de que sabe mucho he likes to make out he's brave/he knows a lot;
dárselas de listo to act smartb) (golpearse, pegarse):
se dieron contra un árbol they crashed into a tree;
se dio dado un golpe en la rodilla he hit his knee
( considerarse) dadose por algo:
ver tb aludir a, enterado 1
dado,-a 1 adjetivo given
en un momento dado, at a certain point
♦ Locuciones: dado que, since, given that
ser dado a, (aficionado, propenso) to be given to: no es muy dado a contar batallitas, he is not really given to storytelling
dado 2 sustantivo masculino
1 frml die (pl dice)
2 (juego) dice (pl dice): se pasó la noche jugando a los dados, he spent the night playing dice
dar
I verbo transitivo
1 to give: dame la mano, hold my hand
2 (conceder) to give: mi padre me dio permiso, my father gave me permission
le doy toda la razón, I think he is quite right
3 (transmitir una noticia) to tell
(un recado, recuerdos) to pass on, give
dar las gracias, to thank
4 (retransmitir u ofrecer un espectáculo) to show, put on
5 (organizar una fiesta) to throw, give
6 (producir lana, miel, etc) to produce, yield
(fruto, flores) to bear
(beneficio, interés) to give, yield
7 (causar un dolor, malestar) dar dolor de cabeza, to give a headache
(un sentimiento) dar pena, to make sad
le da mucha vergüenza, he's very embarrassed
8 (proporcionar) to provide: su empresa da trabajo a cincuenta personas, his factory gives work to fifty people
9 (una conferencia, charla) to give
(impartir clases) to teach
(recibir una clase) to have
US to take
10 (presentir) me da (en la nariz/en el corazón) que eso va a salir bien, I have a feeling that everything is going to turn out well
11 (estropear) to ruin: me dio la noche con sus ronquidos, he spoilt my sleep with his snoring
12 (abrir el paso de la luz) to switch on
(del gas, agua) to turn on
13 (propinar una bofetada, un puntapié, etc) to hit, give
14 (aplicar una mano de pintura, cera) to apply, put on
(un masaje, medicamento) to give
15 (considerar) dar por, to assume, consider: lo dieron por muerto, he was given up for dead
ese dinero lo puedes dar por perdido, you can consider that money lost
dar por supuesto/sabido, to take for granted, to assume
16 (la hora, un reloj) to strike: aún no habían dado las ocho, it was not yet past eight o'clock
17 (realizar la acción que implica el objeto) dar un abrazo/susto, to give a hug/fright
dar un paseo, to go for a walk
dar una voz, to give a shout
II verbo intransitivo
1 (sobrevenir) le dio un ataque de nervios, she had an attack of hysterics
2 dar de comer/cenar, to provide with lunch/dinner 3 dar a, (mirar, estar orientado a) to look out onto, to overlook
(una puerta) to open onto, lead to: esa puerta da al jardín, this door leads out onto the garden 4 dar con, (una persona, objeto) to come across: no fuimos capaces de dar con la contraseña, we couldn't come up with the password
dimos con él, we found him 5 dar de sí, (una camiseta, bañador) to stretch, give 6 dar en, to hit: el sol me daba en los ojos, the sun was (shining) in my eyes 7 dar para, to be enough o sufficient for: ese dinero no me da para nada, this money isn't enough for me
♦ Locuciones: dar a alguien por: le dio por ponerse a cantar, she decided to start singing
le dio por nadar, he got it into his head to go swimming
dar a entender a alguien que..., to make sb understand that...
dar la mano a alguien, to shake hands with sb
dar para: el presupuesto no da para más, the budget will not stretch any further
dar que hablar, to set people talking
dar que pensar: el suceso dio que pensar, the incident gave people food for thought
dar a conocer, (noticia) to release
' dado' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
anda
- bebida
- cabezazo
- calendario
- como quiera
- comoquiera
- coscorrón
- cuscurro
- dar
- dada
- devolución
- dialéctica
- encargo
- excarcelar
- excedencia
- giro
- golpetazo
- humanizar
- meneo
- mollera
- momento
- muerdo
- negativa
- negativo
- Nobel
- paliza
- retoque
- tralla
- baja
- calambre
- cambio
- desmedido
- disgusto
- manía
English:
censor
- fright
- giggly
- given
- jump
- publicity
- stroke
- take back
- view
- cube
- dice
- die
- honorable
- name
- onto
- reclusive
- unaccounted for
- weal
- wear
* * *dado1, -a♦ adj1. [concreto, determinado] given;2. [teniendo en cuenta] given, in view of;Mat [en problemas, ejercicios] given;dadas las circunstancias, me veo obligada a dimitir in view of the circumstances, I am forced to resign;dada su edad in view of o given his age;Matdado un punto A en el eje X… given a point A on axis X…3.los niños son muy dados a inventar historias children are always making up stories;es muy dado a viajar he's a keen traveller;somos dados a la conversación we chat a lot5. CompEsp Famir dado: vas dado si crees que te voy a ayudar if you think I'm going to help you, you can think again;con el nuevo jefe vamos dados we're in for it with this new boss;voy dado como no me eches una mano if you don't give me a hand, I've had it♦ dado que loc conjsince, seeing as;dado que somos tan pocos, se suspende la reunión seeing as there are so few of us here, the meeting is adjourneddado2 nm1. [para jugar] dice, die;jugar a los dados to play dice2. [de comida] cube;cortar en dados [patatas, zanahorias] to dice;una vez tostado el pan, córtelo en dados once the bread is toasted, cut it into cubes3. Arquit dado* * *1 m dice;jugar a los dados play dice2I part → darII adj given;ser dado a algo be given to sthIII conj:dado que since, given thatIV prp given* * *dado, -da adj1) : given2)dado que : given that, since* * *dado n dice [pl. dice] -
96 देशः _dēśḥ
देशः [दिश्-अच्]1 A place or spot in general; देशः को नु जलावसेकशिथिलः Mk.3.12 (often used after words like कपोल, स्कन्ध, अंस, नितम्ब &c., without any meaning; स्कन्धदेशे Ś.1.19 'on the shoulder').-2 A region, country, province, land, territory; यं देशं श्रयते तमेव कुरुते बाहुप्रतापार्जितम् H.1.15.-3 A department, part, side, portion (as of a whole); as in एकदेश, एकदेशीय q. v.-4 An institute, an ordinance.-5 Range, compass; दृष्टिदेशः Pt.2.-Comp. -अटनम् roaming through a country, travelling.-अतिथिः a foreigner.-अन्तरम् 1 another country, foreign parts; Ms.5.78.-2 longitude.-अन्तरिन् m. a foreigner.-आचारः, -धर्मः a local law or custom, the usage or custom of any country; देश- धर्मान् जातिधर्मान् कुलधर्मांश्च शाश्वतान् Ms.1.118.-कष्टकः a public calamity.-कारी N. of a Rāgiṇī.-कालौ m. (du.) time and place; न देशकालौ हि यथार्थधर्माववेक्षते कामरतिर्मनुष्यः Rām.4.33.55. (-लम्) ind. according to time and place; सत्पात्रं महती श्रद्धा देशकालं यथोचितम् Pt.2.72.-कालज्ञ a. knowing the proper place and time.-च्युतिः banishment or flight from one's country.-ज, -जात a.1 native, indigenous.-2 produced in the right country.-3 genuine, of genuine descent.-दृष्ट a.1 seen in a country.-2 customary in a place; Ms.8.3.-भाषा the dialect of a country; आलोच्य लक्ष्यमधिगम्य च देशभाषाः Kāvyāl.4.35.-रूपम् propriety, fitness; Mb.12.-विद्ध a. properly perforated (pearl); Kau. A.2.11.-वृत्तम् a circle depending upon its relative position to the place of the observer.-व्यवहारः a local usage, custom of the country. -
97 défaut
défaut [defo]1. masculine nounb. ( = désavantage) drawback• le défaut de cette voiture, c'est que... the trouble with this car is that...d. (locutions)► à défaut, à défaut de• à défaut de vin,... if there's no wine,...• une table ovale, ou, à défaut, ronde an oval table, or, failing that, a round one► en défaut2. compounds* * *defo
1.
nom masculin1) ( moral) fault2) (physique, matériel, esthétique) gén defect; (de tissu, verre, gemme) flaw (de in); (de théorie, raisonnement, d'œuvre d'art) flaw (de in)avoir or présenter des défauts — [machine, construction] to be faulty
sans défaut — [système, machine] perfect; [rubis, raisonnement] flawless
le défaut de la cuirasse de quelqu'un — fig the chink in somebody's armour [BrE]
3) ( insuffisance) shortage (de of); ( absence) lack (de of)faire défaut — [argent, ressources] to be lacking; [signature, document] to be missing
4) Droitpar défaut — [condamné, jugé] in absentia
faire défaut — [accusé, témoin] to fail to appear in court
2.
à défaut de locution prépositiveà défaut de miel, utilisez du sucre — if you have no honey, use sugar
Phrasal Verbs:* * *defo nm1) (moral) fault, failingJ'ai bien des défauts, mais pas celui-là. — I've got plenty of faults, but that's not one of them.
2) (= manque)à défaut de — for lack of, for want of
par défaut [utiliser] — by default
faire défaut (= manquer) — to be lacking
3) (= faute)4) [étoffe] flaw, fault, [métal] flawSee:5) DROIT (= absence)6) DROIT (= contumace)7) COMMERCE8) INFORMATIQUEpar défaut (valeur) — default modif
* * *A nm1 ( moral) ( de personne) fault, failing; ( de caractère) flaw (de in); la paresse est un vilain défaut laziness is a bad fault; c'est là son moindre défaut that's the least of his/her faults ou failings; elle a tous les défauts I can't think of one good thing to say about her; n'avoir aucun défaut to be perfect; se mettre en défaut to put oneself in the wrong; prendre qn en défaut to catch sb out;2 (physique, matériel, esthétique) gén defect; (de machine, système) defect (de in), fault (de in); (de tissu, verre, gemme) flaw (de in); (de théorie, raisonnement, d'œuvre d'art) flaw (de in); avoir or présenter des défauts [machine, construction] to be faulty; [diamant, roman] to be flawed, to have flaws; sans défaut [système, machine] perfect; [rubis, raisonnement] flawless; (il) y a comme un défaut○! hum there's something seriously wrong;3 ( insuffisance) shortage (de of); ( absence) lack (de of); faire défaut [argent, ressources] to be lacking; [signature, document] to be missing; les indices ne font pas défaut there's no lack of clues, there are plenty of clues; le talent/courage leur fait défaut they lack talent/courage; le courage leur a fait défaut their courage failed them; la patience/bonne volonté ne leur fait pas défaut they are not lacking in patience/good will; l'argent ne leur fait pas défaut they're not short of money; le temps me/m'a fait défaut I don't/didn't have enough time;4 Jur default; défaut de comparaître default, failure to appear (in court); défaut de livraison/paiement non-delivery/non-payment; par défaut by default; (condamné, jugé) in absentia; faire défaut [accusé, témoin] to fail to appear in court;5 Math arrondir (un résultat) par défaut to round (a figure) down;6 Ordinat default; valeur par défaut default (value).B à défaut de loc prép à défaut de qch/qn ( en son absence) if sth/sb is not available; à défaut de miel, utilisez du sucre if you have no honey, use sugar; de la soie ou, à défaut, du coton silk or, failing that, cotton; à défaut de paiement immédiat failing prompt payment, unless prompt payment is made; à défaut de quoi vous serez poursuivi failing which you will be prosecuted; à défaut de mieux for want of anything better; à défaut de pouvoir acheter, elle loue since she can't buy, she has to rent.défaut de construction Constr structural defect; le défaut de la cuirasse de qn fig the chink in sb's armourGB; défaut de fabrication Tech manufacturing fault; défaut de masse mass defect; défaut de procédure procedural error; défaut de prononciation speech impediment ou defect.[defo] nom masculin1. [imperfection - d'un visage, de la peau] blemish, imperfection ; [ - d'un tissu, d'un appareil] defect, flaw ; [ - d'un diamant, d'une porcelaine] flaw ; [ - d'un projet] drawback, snagle défaut de ton attitude, c'est que... the trouble with your attitude is that...défaut d'élocution ou de prononciation speech defect ou impediment3. [manque]a. [il y a peu d'argent] money being shortb. [il n'y a pas d'argent] there being no money4. [bord, lisière]le défaut de la cuirasse ou de l'armure the chink in one's ou the armourdéfaut de paiement default in payment, non-payment————————àdéfaut locution adverbialedes roses ou, à défaut, des tulipes roses or, failing that, tulips————————à défaut de locution prépositionnellefor lack ou for want of————————en défaut locution adverbiale[en faute]prendre quelqu'un en défaut to catch somebody out, to fault somebody————————par défaut locution adverbiale1. [sans agir] by default3. DROIT by default————————sans défaut locution adjectivale -
98 il|e
Ⅰ pron. 1. (pytajny) (z policzalnymi) how many; (z niepoliczalnymi) how much- ile drzew/jajek? how many trees/eggs?- ilu mężczyzn/nauczycieli? how many men/teachers?- ilu was/ich było w samochodzie? how many of you/them were there in the car?- ile razy widziałeś ten film? how many times have you seen this film?- ile razy mam ci przypominać? how many times a. how often do I have to remind you?- powiedz mi, ilu masz uczniów tell me how many pupils you have- ile mleka/pieniędzy? how much milk/money?- ile czasu wam to zajmie? how long will it take you?- ile czasu nam jeszcze zostało? how much longer a. how much more time have we got?- ciekawe, ile jest prawdy w tych pogłoskach I wonder how much truth there is in these rumours- ile to kosztuje? how much is this/it?- po a. na pot. ile są pomidory? how much are the tomatoes?; how much for the tomatoes? pot.- ile jestem ci winien? how much do I owe you?- ile jest siedem razy sześć? how much is seven times six?- ile masz lat? how old are you?- ile tu ludzi! what a crowd!- ile tu śmieci! look at all this rubbish GB a. trash! US- a ile przy tym było śmiechu! it was such a laugh, though!- ile jest stąd do Krakowa? how far is it from here to Cracow?- ile było dzisiaj rano? what was the temperature this morning?- same lekarstwa ile kosztują! the medicines alone cost a packet! pot.- nie wyobrażasz sobie, ile pracuję you’ve no idea how hard I work- ile jeszcze mam czekać? how much longer do I have to wait?- ile można rozmawiać przez telefon! how long can you spend talking over a. on the phone!- o ile szybciej się teraz podróżuje! how much quicker travelling is nowadays!2. (względny) (przed policzalnymi) as many; (przed niepoliczalnymi) as much- weź, ile chcesz take as many/much as you like- zaproś tyle osób, ile pomieści sala invite as many people as the hall will hold- było w niej tyle uroku, ile zwykłej bezczelności she had as much charm as she had barefaced impudence- to jest warte tyle, ile ktoś jest za to gotów zapłacić it’s worth as much as anybody is prepared to pay for it- liczba X jest o tyle większa od Y, o ile Y jest większe od Z X exceeds Y by as much as Y exceeds Z- z iloma osobami rozmawiałem, tyle różnych zdań usłyszałem I heard a. got as many different opinions as the number of people I asked- zaoferowali jej dwa razy tyle, ile w poprzedniej pracy they offered her twice as much as she earned in her previous jobⅡ ile razy (zawsze kiedy) each a. every time, whenever- ile razy prosił ją o pomoc, zawsze odmawiała every time he asked her for help, she refusedⅢ na ile how, to what extent a. degree- na ile sprawa jest poważna? how serious a matter a. problem is it?- nie wiem, na ile prawdziwe są te pogłoski I don’t know how accurate these rumours are- trudno powiedzieć, na ile to miało wpływ na wyrok it’s difficult to say to what extent a. how far it influenced the verdictⅣ o tyle, o ile a. na tyle, na ile pot. to the extent that, in so far as; (only) inasmuch as książk.- interesował się tym problemem o tyle, o ile miało to związek z jego badaniami he was interested in this problem to the extent that a. only in as much as it was connected with his researchⅤ nie tyle…, ile… tyle Ⅵ o ile (jeśli) as long as, provided, providing; (z przeczeniem) unless- o ile firma nie zbankrutuje as long as a. provided the firm doesn’t go bankrupt- farba wyschnie do rana, o ile nie będzie padać the paint will be dry by the morning providing a. as long as it doesn’t rain a. unless it starts raining- o ile to będzie możliwe if possible; (z powątpiewaniem) if it’s a. that’s (at all) possible- o ile wiem a. o ile mi wiadomo,… as far as I know…- o ile dobrze pamiętam,… as far as I remember,…, if I remember correctly,…- o ile się nie mylę,… if I’m not mistaken,…- o ile nie coś gorszego if not something worse- tysiące, o ile nie miliony thousands, if not millionsⅦ o ile…, o tyle… a. o ile…, to… while…- o ile Robert lubi westerny, o tyle Anna woli melodramaty while Robert likes westerns, Anna prefers melodramas■ o tyle o ile pot. [interesować się, znać] to a degree; up to a point- „lubisz fizykę?” – „o tyle o ile” ‘do you like physics?’ – ‘it’s okay a. all right’ pot.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > il|e
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99 Newcomen, Thomas
SUBJECT AREA: Steam and internal combustion engines[br]b. January or February 1663 Dartmouth, Devon, Englandd. 5 August 1729 London, England[br]English inventor and builder of the world's first successful stationary steam-engine.[br]Newcomen was probably born at a house on the quay at Dartmouth, Devon, England, the son of Elias Newcomen and Sarah Trenhale. Nothing is known of his education, and there is only dubious evidence of his apprenticeship to an ironmonger in Exeter. He returned to Dartmouth and established himself there as an "ironmonger". The term "ironmonger" at that time meant more than a dealer in ironmongery: a skilled craftsman working in iron, nearer to today's "blacksmith". In this venture he had a partner, John Calley or Caley, who was a plumber and glazier. Besides running his business in Dartmouth, it is evident that Newcomen spent a good deal of time travelling round the mines of Devon and Cornwall in search of business.Eighteenth-century writers and others found it impossible to believe that a provincial ironmonger could have invented the steam-engine, the concept of which had occupied the best scientific brains in Europe, and postulated a connection between Newcomen and Savery or Papin, but scholars in recent years have failed to find any evidence of this. Certainly Savery was in Dartmouth at the same time as Newcomen but there is nothing to indicate that they met, although it is possible. The most recent biographer of Thomas Newcomen is of the opinion that he was aware of Savery and his work, that the two men had met by 1705 and that, although Newcomen could have taken out his own patent, he could not have operated his own engines without infringing Savery's patent. In the event, they came to an agreement by which Newcomen was enabled to sell his engines under Savery's patent.The first recorded Newcomen engine is dated 1712, although this may have been preceded by a good number of test engines built at Dartmouth, possibly following a number of models. Over one hundred engines were built to Newcomen's design during his lifetime, with the first engine being installed at the Griff Colliery near Dudley Castle in Staffordshire.On the death of Thomas Savery, on 15 May 1715, a new company, the Proprietors of the Engine Patent, was formed to carry on the business. The Company was represented by Edward Elliot, "who attended the Sword Blade Coffee House in Birchin Lane, London, between 3 and 5 o'clock to receive enquiries and to act as a contact for the committee". Newcomen was, of course, a member of the Proprietors.A staunch Baptist, Newcomen married Hannah Waymouth, who bore him two sons and a daughter. He died, it is said of a fever, in London on 5 August 1729 and was buried at Bunhill Fields.[br]Further ReadingL.T.C.Rolt and J.S.Allen, 1977, The Steam Engine of Thomas Newcomen, Hartington: Moorland Publishing Company (the definitive account of his life and work).IMcN -
100 قبل (أيام، سنوات، إلخ)
قَبْل (أيّام، سَنَوات، إلخ) \ back: in the past: I met her a few days back. before: earlier than: He arrived before dinner. He arrived beford me. by: before; not later than: Can you finish this by Tuesday? They ought to be here by now. fore: before. prior: (with to) before: A ticket must be obtained prior to travelling. \ قَبْلَ الأَخِير \ last but one: one before the last: George came last but one in the race. penultimate: the last but one. \ قَبْلَ أَن \ before: at an earlier time (than): I have been here before. He arrived before I did. \ See Also سابقا (سابقًا) \ قَبْلَ أيّ شيء آخر \ first thing: before anything else: I’ll come first thing in the morning. \ قَبْلَ ذلك \ first: before anything else: I’ll help you, but I must finish this first. \ قَبْلَ كلّ شيء \ first of all: before doing anything else: We’ve a lot to buy. But first of all we must go to the bank. \ قَبْلَ لَحَظَات \ just: (used with perfect tenses, always directly before the past participle) a very short time before: I’ve just finished this book. He had just gone out when you telephoned. just now: a short time ago: He went out just now. \ قَبْلَ النِّهائيّ \ semifinal: the part of a competition for many teams or persons that comes before the last one (final); those who win the heats (or first races, games etc.) compete in the semifinals; the last two winners of these compete in the final.
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