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1 искажать значение слова
Makarov: strain the meaning of a wordУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > искажать значение слова
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2 a forţa sensul unui cuvânt
to strain the meaning of a word.Română-Engleză dicționar expresii > a forţa sensul unui cuvânt
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3 индивидуальное значение
скрытое значение, тайный смысл — underneath meaning
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > индивидуальное значение
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4 forzare
force* * *forzare v.tr.1 ( costringere) to force, to compel, to constrain: fui forzato a cedere, I was forced (o compelled) to give in // mi forzarono la mano, they forced my hand2 ( aprire con forza) to force: (mil.) forzare un blocco, to run a blockade; forzare una porta, to force (o to break down) a door; forzare una serratura, to force a lock3 ( sforzare) to strain, to force: forzare un'analogia, il significato di una parola, to force an analogy, the meaning of a word; forzare la verità, to strain the truth; forzare la vista, to strain one's eyes; forzare la voce, to force one's voice, forzare il passo, to quicken one's step; forzare l'andatura, ( di un cavallo) to force the pace; forzare un motore, to force an engine◆ v. intr. ( non scorrere) to jam; ( essere stretto) to be too tight: il piede forza nella scarpa, the shoe is too tight.◘ forzarsi v.rifl. ( sforzarsi) to force oneself: non devi forzarti ad andare se non ne hai voglia, don't force yourself to go if you don't want to.* * *[for'tsare] 1.verbo transitivo1) (costringere) to force, to compel2) (far cedere) to force [porta, cassetto]forzare una cassaforte — to crack o break into a safe
3) (accelerare) to force, to speed up [andatura, ritmo]4) agr. to force [ pianta]2.3.forzare su — to force [ coperchio]
••forzare la mano a qcn. — to force sb.'s hand
* * *forzare/for'tsare/ [1]1 (costringere) to force, to compel3 (accelerare) to force, to speed up [andatura, ritmo]4 agr. to force [ pianta](aus. avere)2 (fare resistenza) la porta forza the door is stickingIII forzarsi verbo pronominaleto force oneselfforzare la mano a qcn. to force sb.'s hand. -
5 τόνος
A that by which a thing is stretched, or that which can itself be stretched, cord, brace, band, οἱ τ. τῶν κλινέων the cords of beds or chairs, Hdt.9.118, cf. Ar.Eq. 532 (anap.), Philippid.12, Michel 832.48 (Samos, iv B.C.); sg., bedcords, Ar.Lys. 923;ὠμολίνου μακροὶ τόνοι A.Fr. 206
; ἐκ τριῶν τ. of three plies or strands, of ropes, X.Cyn.10.2.2 in animals, τόνοι are sinews or tendons, Hp.Art.11 ( = nerves acc. to Gal.18(1).380):—of pneumogastric nerves, Ruf.Onom. 158.3 in machines, twisted skeins of gut in torsion-engines, Ph.Bel.65.34, al., Hero Bel.83.4, Plu.Marc. 15.c in dockyard equipment,ὑποζωμάτων τέτταρας τόνους ἐγ νεωρίων IG22.1673.12
; τ. αἰχμάλωτοι ib.1610.23; τ. αἰχμάλωτος ἀδόκιμος ib.1613.282.II stretching, tightening, straining, strain, tension,ὁ τ. τῶν ὅπλων Hdt. 7.36
; power of contracting muscles, Sor.1.112;τ. καὶ ῥώμη Id.2.48
; τὸν τῆς ὁλκῆς τ. ὑπεκλῦσαι diminish the strength of the pull, ib. 61.2 of sounds, raising of the voice, Aeschin.3.209,210, D.18.280, Phld.Lib.p.19 O., etc.: hence,a pitch of the voice, Pl.R. 617b, Arist.Phgn. 807a17, etc.; including volume,τόνοι φωνῆς· ὀξύ, βαρύ, μικρόν, μέγα X.Cyn.6.20
; κλαυθμυρίσαι μετὰ τόνου τοῦ προσήκοντος, of a new-born baby, Sor.1.79;τῷ αὐτῷ τ. εἰπεῖν Arist.Rh. 1413b31
;ἐν τ. ἀνιεμένοις καὶ βαρέσι Id.Aud. 804a26
; τὴν φωνὴν καὶ τὸν τ. ἐξάραντα Hieronym. ap. D.H.Isoc.13 (cf. Phld.Rh.1.198 S.);σῴζειν τὸν τ. Longin.9.13
: pl., Phld.Rh.1.196S.; of a musical instrument, Plu.2.827b, etc.; diatonic scale, APl.4.220 (Antip.): metaph. of colour, 'values', Plin.HN35.29.b pitch or accent of a word or syllable, Arist.Rh. 1403b29, D.T.629.27, A.D.Pron.8.8, al., Gal.16.495 (the meaning of the Adv. τόνῳ mentioned by A.D. Adv.167.2 is not given by him ( = λίαν, Hsch.); τόνῳ, = μετὰ προθυμίας ἰσχυρᾶς, was read by Gal. (16.585) in Hp.Prorrh.1.36 ( ξὺν τόνῳ or ξὺν πόνῳ codd.Hp.)).d in Musical writers, key, Aristox.Harm.2p.37M., Plu.2.1134a, 1135a, etc.3 mental or physical exertion, τ. ἀμφ' ἀρετῆς, i.e. in praising it, Xenoph.1.20; bodily energy,ἰσχὺς καὶ τ. Luc.Anach.25
, cf. 27; συστρέψαι τὸν τ. (by massage) Gal.6.91: generally, force, intensity, Plu.Demetr.21, 2.563f, etc.;τ. ὀργῆς Id.Brut.34
;τ. πνεύματος Luc.Dem.Enc.7
; ὁ τ. τῆς φαρμακείης its efficiency, Hp.Ep.16; τ. δυνάμεων, title of a work by Heras, Gal.13.416;τ. σοφιστικός Eun.VSp.497B.
4 in Stoic Philos., 'tension', force, in Nature and Man,πληγὴ πυρὸς ὁ τόνος ἐστί, κἂν ἱκανὸς ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ γένηται πρὸς τὸ ἐπιτελεῖν τὰ ἐπιβάλλοντα, ἰσχὺς καλεῖται καὶ κράτος Cleanth.Stoic.1.128
;ὁ ζωτικὸς τ. Stoic.2.235
, Gal.6.321;αἰσθητικὸς τ. Stoic.2.215
; συνεκτικὸς τ. the tension which holds the universe together, ib.134.III metaph., tenor of one's way, course,εὐθὺν τ. τρέχειν Pi.O.10(11).64
;ἕνα τόνον ἔχειν Plu.Dem.13
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6 στρέφω
στρέφω, - ομαιGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `to twist, to turn', intr. a. midd. `to twist, turn, to run (Il.).Other forms: Dor. στράφω? (Nisyros IIIa; quite doubtful), Aeol. στρόφω (EM), aor. στρέψαι, - ασθαι (Il.), Dor. ἀπο-στράψαι (Delph.), pass. στρεφθῆναι (Hom. [intr.], rarely Att.), Dor. στραφθῆναι (Sophr., Theoc.), στραφῆναι (Hdt., Sol., Att.), ἀν-εστρέφησαν (young Lac. a.o., Thumb. Scherer 2, 42), fut. στρέψω (E. etc.), perf. midd. ἔστραμμαι (h. Merc.), hell. also ἐστρεμμένος (Mayser Pap.I: 2, 196), act. ἔστροφα (hell.), also ἔστραφα (Plb.).Derivatives: A. With ε-vowel: 1. στρεπ-τός `twisted, flexible' (Il.), m. `necklace, curl etc.' (IA.) with - άριον (Paul Aeg.). 2. - τικός ( ἐπι-, μετα- a.o.) `serving to twist' (Pl. a.o.). 3. - τήρ m. `door-hinge' (AP). 4. στρέμμα ( περι-, διά- a.o) n. `twist, strain' (D., medic. a.o.), σύ- στρέφω `ball, swelling, round drop, heap, congregation etc.' (Hp., Arist., hell. a. late). 5. στρέψ-ις ( ἐπι-) f. `the turning, turn' (Hp., Arist.) with - αῖος, PN - ιάδης. 6. στρεπτ-ίνδα. adv. kind of play (Poll.). 7. ἐπιστρεφ-ής `turning to (something), attentive' (IA.) witf - εια f. (pap. IIIp). -- B. With o-ablaut: 1. στρόφος m. `band, cord, cable' (Od.), `gripes' (Ar., medic.); as 2. member e.g. εὔ ( ἐΰ-)στροφος = στρέφω - στρεφής `well-twisted, easy to twist, to bend', (Ν599 = 711, E., Pl. etc.) with - φία f. `flexibility' (hell. a. late); from the prefixcompp. e.g. ἀντίστροφ-ος `turned face to face, according' (Att. etc.: ἀντι-στρέφω). From it στρόφ-ιον n. `breast-, head-band' (com., inscr. a.o.), - ίς ( περι- a. o.) f. `id.' (E. a.o.), - ίολος m. `edge, border' (Hero), - ώδης `causing gripes' (Hp. a.o.), - ωτός `provided with pivots' (LXX), - ωμα n. `pivot, door-hinge' with - ωμάτιον (hell.), - ωτήρ m. `oar' (gloss.), - όομαι `to have gripes' (medic. a.o.), ἐκστροφῶσαι H. s. ἐξαγκυρῶσαι την θύραν, - έω `to cause gripes' (Ar.); as 2. member e.g. in οἰακοστροφ-έω `to turn the rudder' (A.) from οἰακο-στρόφος (Pi., A. a..). 2. στροφή ( ἐπι-, κατα- etc.) f. `the twisting, turning around etc.' (IA.) with - αῖος surn. of Hermes (Ar. Pl. 1153; as door-waiter cf. στρο-φεύς] referring to his dexterity [cf. στρόφις). From στροφή or στρόφος: 3. στρόφ-ις m. `clever person, sly guy' (Ar., Poll.). 4. - άς f. `turning' (S. in lyr., Arat. a.o.), - άδες νῆσοι (Str. a.o.). 5. - εῖον m. `winch, cable etc.' (hell. a. late). 6. - εύς m. `door-hinge, cervical vertebra' (Ar., Thphr. a.o.; Bosshardt 47). 7. - ιγξ m. (f.) `pivot, door-hinge' (E., com. etc.). 8. - στροφάδην (only with ἐπι-, περι- a.o.) `to turn around' (ep. Ion.). 9. With λ-enlargement: στρόφ-αλος m. `top' (V--VIp); - άλιγξ f. `vertebra, curve etc.' (ep. Il.), - αλίζω `to turn, to spin' (o 315, AP). -- C. With lengthened grade: iter. intens. στρωφ-άω, - άομαι ( ἐπι-, μετα- a.o.) `to turn to and fro, to linger' (ep. Ion. poet. Il.), - έομαι `to turn' (Aret.). -- D. With zero grade: ἐπιστραφ-ής = ἐπιστρεφ-ής (s. ab.; late). PN Στραψι-μένης (Dor.). -- E. As 1. member a.o. in στρεφε-δίνηθεν aor. pass. 3. pl. `they turned around, swindled' (H 792; after it in act. Q. S. 13, 7), prob. combination of στρέφομαι and δινέομαι (Schwyzer 645 w. n. 1 a. lit.); for it with nominal 1. member στροφο-δινοῦνται (A. Ag. 51 [anap.]); στρεψο-δικέω `to twist the right' (Ar.) beside στρεψί-μαλλος `twisting the wool-flakes' = `with frizzly wool' (Ar.); cf. Schwyzer 442.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The above strongly productive group of words can because of its regular system and extension not be very old. On the other hand there is nothing in it, that could point to loans. So an inherited word of recent date with unknown prehistory and without helpful non-Greek agreements (quite doubtful Lat. [Umbr.] strebula pl. n. `the meat on the haunches of sacricial animals'; on this W.-Hofmann s. v.). A (popular) byform with β is maintained in στρεβλός (s. v.), στρόβιλος, στραβός [this is improbable to me] -- Through στρέφω a. cogn. older words for `turn etc.', e.g. εἰλέω, εἰλύω and σπερ- in σπεῖρα, σπάρτον etc. were partly pushed aside or replaced.Page in Frisk: 2,808-809Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στρέφω
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