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41 ER
I) (older form es), rel. part. in old poems and in law phrases ‘es’ is suffixed to a demonstrative or interrogative word, pron. or adv., as s: sás, sús, þats, þeims, þærs; þars, þás, þegars, síðans, hveims, hvars, &c., = sá es, sú es, þar es, þá es, &c.I. used as a rel. pron., indecl., who, which, that;1) Mörðr hét maðr, er (nom.) kallaðr var gígja;grös fögr, er (acc.) hón hafði í hendi;aðra hluti þá, er (gen.) menn vildu visir verða;þann einn son, er (dat.) hann ann lítit;2) with a prep. placed at the end of the sentence;land, er hann kom frá, the land he came from;jötunn, er ór steini var höfuðit á (viz. honum), whose head was of stone;3) ellipt., the prep. being understood;ór þeim ættum, er mér þóttu fuglarnir fljúga (viz. ór), from the quarter that I thought the birds flew from;þeir hafa nú látit líf sitt, er mér þykkir eigi vert at lifa (viz. eptir), whom I think it is not worth while to outlive;4) a personal or demonstr. pron. may be added to the rel. part., er þú, er þik; er hann, er hón, er hana, er hans, er hennar, er þeim, er þeiri, er þeira, etc.;œrr ertu, Loki, er þú (who) yðra telr ljóta leiðstafi;sá maðr, er hann vill, that man who wishes;nema ein Goðrún, er hón æva grét, who never wept;ekkja heitir sú, er búandi hennar (whose husband) varð sóttdauðr;þann konung, er undir honum eru skatt-konungar, that king under whom are tributary kings;5) in the fourteenth century added to the int. pron., hverr;þat herbergi, í hverju er hann ( in which = er hann í því) hefir sitt ráð ok ræðr;II. as a conj. and adv.1) local, er, þar er, there where;hann sá á eldinum fölskann, er netit hafði brunnit, where the net had been burnt;Ó. gekk þar til, er H. lá, to the spot where H. lay;2) of time, er, þá er, when;ok er, and when;en er, but when;þar til er, until;í því er, just when;eptir (þat) er, when;þegar er, as soon as (þegar er lýsti, stóð konungr upp);síðan er, since;meðan er, while;næst er vér kómum, next when we came;þá lét í hamrinum, sem er reið gengr, as when it thunders;ok fannst þat á öllu, er hón þóttist vargefin, that she thought she was thrown away;ek em þess sæll, er okkart félag sleit, I am happy that;skyldi fara fyrst leyniliga, en þó kom þar, er allir vissu, but it came to this, that every one knew of it.* * *1.old form es, mod. sometimes eð, but usually ‘er;’ indecl. Particle used as relat. pron. or as relat. adv.; in very old MSS. always es, and rhymed so by old poets; in the 12th century it changed into er. In poems and in law phrases the particle ‘es’ is suffixed to the pronoun or adverb, as s or z, e. g. thus: as pron., sá’s = sá es (so in ‘people’s Engl.’ he as, him as, for he who, etc.), Hkr. iii. 11 (Sighvat); dat. þeim’s = þeim es, illi qui, Hm. 3, Fms. vi. 38 (Sighvat); acc. masc. þann’z or þann’s = þann es, illum qui, Vsp. 45 (MS.), Od. i, Hm. 44, 120, Hým. 39, Am. 90; neut. þatz = þat es, illud quod, Hm. 39, Am. 37, Hkv. Hjörv. 3, Fms. iii. 9 (Hallfred): as conj. or adv., hvárt’z … eða = hvárt es … eða, utrum … an, Grág. (Ed. 1853); hvárt’z hann vill at reiða eða …, i. 25, 145, 152, 155, 156, 161, 233, ii. 50: as adv., þegar’s = þegar es, as soon as, Grág. (Ed. 1853) i. 94, Am. 30; síðan’s = síðan es, since (Old Engl. sithens, sithence), 78; even sem’s = sem es, Am. 103; hvar’s = hvar es, wherever, 47, Mork. 138, Hm. 138; hve’s = hve es, however, 140 (MS. hvers), Skálda 190 (in a verse); þar’s = þar es, there where, i. e. where, Grág. i. 46, 153, Hm. 66, Hbl. 60, Gm. 8, Ls. 50, Mork. 18, 34, 37, 62, 170, Skálda 189 (Bragi), Edda (Ht.) 124, where this anastrophe is called bragar-mál, poetical diction; hvarge’s = hvarge es, wherever, Grág. ii. 44. The Icel. has no relat. pron. but only the relat. particles er and sem, both of them indecl. in gender, case, and number; in simple sentences the sense (gender etc.) is clear from the context; and the language has certain expedients to meet the deficiency.A. Used as relat. pron. which, who, that:I. used alone, where there is perhaps an ellipse of the demonstrative, er = er hann (þeir, þær, þeim, etc.);α. nom., á þeim bæ, er Abia heitir, 625. 83; Mörðr hét maðr, er kallaðr var Gigja, Nj. 1; hann átti dóttur eina, er Unnr hét, id.; þá skulu þeir, er fær eru ( who are) saman, Grág. i. 9; maðr, er þessa þurfi, id.; at þeim svörum, er verða, 19; lið þat, er þeim hafðI þangat fylgt, Fms. i. 62; konur þær, er völfur vóru kallaðar, iii. 212; þeim unga manni, er þar sitr hjá þér, id.β. acc., þingfesti manna þeirra, er ( quos) menn vilja sækja, Grág. i. 19; sakar þeirrar, er ( quam) ek hefi höfðað, id.γ. gen., aðra hluti þá, er ( quorum) menn viidu vísir verða, Fms. iii. 212.δ. dat., þann einn, er ( cui) hann ann lítið, Fms. i. 86.ε. joined to a demonstrative; allir Þrændir, þeir er …, all the Th., who …, Fms. i. 62.II. with a prep., which, as often in Engl., is placed at the end of the sentence; er hann kom til, whom he came to; land, er hann kom frá, the land he came from; so Lat. quocum venit = er hann kom með sub quibus = er … undir; in quibus = er … í, etc.: the prep. may also be a penultimate, e. g. the phrase, er mér er á ván, wlich I have a hope of; or, er hann var yfir settr, whom he was set over, etc.; this use of the pronoun is undoubtedly elliptical, the corresponding demonstrative pronoun being left out, although the ellipse is not felt; þvengrinn sá er muðrinn Loka var saman rifjaðr með (Kb. omits the prep.), the lace that the mouth of Loki was stitched with, Edda 71; öðrum höfðingjum, þeim er honum þótti liðs at ván (that is to say, þeim, er honum þótti liðs van at þeim), at whose hands, i. e. from whom he thought help likely to come, Fms. i; þeir er ek mæli þetta til (= er ek mæli þetta til þeirra), those to whom I speak, xi. 12; er engi hefir áðr til orðit, Nj. 190; in stórúðgi jötunn, er ór steini var höfuðit á (= er ór steini var höfuðit á honum), whose head was of stone. Hbl. 15; því er vér urðum á sáttir, Fms. xi. 34; við glugg þann í loptinu, er fuglinn hafðI áðr við setið. the window close to which the bird sat. Eg.: nokkurum þeim höfðingja, er mér sé eigandi vinátta við (viz. þá). Ó. H. 78: þá sjón, er mér þykir mikils um vert (viz. hana), 74; er mér þat at sýn orðit, er ek hefi opt heyrt frá sagt (= frá því sagt), 57; til vatns þess, er Á en Helga fellr ór, 163: til kirkju þeirra, es bein eru færð til, Grág. i. 13 new Ed.2. ellipt. the prep. being understood, esp. to avoid the repetition of it; ekirinn sá er brendr vár Ásgarðr (viz. með), Edda (pref.); hann gékk til herbergis þess, er konungr var inni (viz. í), he went to the house that the king was in, Ó. H. 160, Fb. iii. 251; dyrr þær, er ganga mátti upp á húsit (viz. gegnum, through), the doors through which one could walk up to the house, Eg. 421; ór þeim ættum er mér þóttu fuglarnir fljúga (viz. ór), the airt ( quarter) that I thought the birds flew from, Ísl. ii. 196; yfir þeim manni, er Mörðr hafði sök sína fram sagt (viz. yfir), the man over whose head ( to whom) Mord had pleaded his suit, Nj. 242; þrjú þing, þau er menn ætluðu (viz. á), three parliaments, in ( during) which men thought …, 71; nær borg þeirri, er konungr sat (viz. í), near the town the king resided in, Eg. 287; Montakassin, er dyrkast Benedictus, Monte Cassino, where B. is worshipped, Fms. xi. 415; þeir hafa nú látið lif sitt fyrir skömmu, er mér þykir eigi vert at lifa (viz. eptir), they, whom methinks it is not worth while to outlive, 150; fara eptir með hunda, er þeir vóru vanir at spyrja þá upp (viz. með), er undan hljópusk, they pursued with hounds, that they were wont to pick up fugitives with, i. e. with bloodbounds, v. 145; þat er í þrem stöðum, er dauðum má sök gefa (viz. í), it is in three places that a man can be slain with impunity, N. G. L. i. 62; þat er í einum stað, er maðr hittir (viz. í), it is in one place that …, id.III. a demonstrative pron. may be added to the relat. particle, e. g. er þeirra = quorum, er þeim = quibus, er hans, er hennar = cujus; but this is chiefly used in old translations from Lat., being rarely found in original writings; þann konung, er undir honum eru skatt-konungar, that king under whom vassals serve, Edda 93; ekkja heitir sú, er búandi hennar ( whose husband) varð sótt-dauðr; hæll er sú kona kölluð er búandi hennar er veginn, 108; sú sam-stafa, er raddar-stafr hennar er náttúrlega skammr, that syllable, the vowel of which is naturally short, Skálda 179; sá maðr, er hann vill, that man who wishes, Grág. i. 19; sá maðr, er hann skal fasta, 36; nema ein Guðrún, er hón æva grét, G. that never wailed, Gh. 40; þess manns, er hann girnisk, Hom. 54; sæl er sú bygghlaða … er ór þeirri …, felix est illud horreum … unde …, Hom. 15; engi er hærri speki en sú, er í þeirri …, nulla melior est sapientia quam ea, qua …, 28; varðveita boðorð hans, fyrir þann er vér erum skapaðir, ejusque mandata custodire, per quem creati sumus, 28; harða göfugr er háttr hófsemi, fyrir þá er saman stendr …, nobilis virtus est valde temperantia, per quam …, id.; elskendum Guð þann er svá mælti, Deum diligentibus qui ait, id.; skírn Græðara várs, er í þeirri, 56; er á þeim = in quibus, 52: rare in mod. writers, enginn kann að játa eðr iðrast réttilega þeirrar syndar, er hann þekkir ekki stærð hennar og ílsku, Vídal. i. 226.IV. in the 14th century, the relat. pron. hverr was admitted, but by adding the particle er; yet it has never prevailed, and no relative pronoun is used in Icel. (except that this pronoun occurs in the N. T. and sermons, e. g. Luke xi. 1, whose blood Pilate had mingled, is rendered hverra blóði Pilatus hafði blandað; an old translator would have said, er P. hafði blandað blóði þeirra): hvern er þeir erfðu, M. K. 156; hverjar er hón lauk mér, id.; af hverju er hann megi marka, Stj. 114; hvat er tákna mundi, Fms. xi. 12.V. the few following instances are rare and curious, er þú, er ek, er mér, er hón; and are analogous to the Germ. der ich, der du, I that, thou that; in Hm. l. c. ‘er’ is almost a superfluous enclitic, eyvitar fyrna er maðr annan skal, Hm. 93; sáttir þínar er ek vil snemma hafa, Alm. 7; ójafnt skipta er þú mundir, Hbl. 25; þrár hafðar er ek hefi, Fsm. 50; auði frá er mér ætluð var, sandi orpin sæng, Sl. 49; lauga-vatn er mér leiðast var eitt allra hluta, 50; ærr ertu Loki, er þú yðra telr, Ls. 29, cp. 21, Og. 12, Hkv. 2. 32; tröll, er þik bíta eigi járn, Ísl. ii. 364. ☞ This want of a proper relat. pron. has probably preserved Icel. prose from foreign influences; in rendering Lat. or mod. Germ. into Icel. almost every sentence must be altered and broken up in order to make it vernacular.B. Conj. and adv. joined with a demonstrative particle, where, when:1. loc., þar er, there where = ubi; þar er hvárki sé akr né eng, Grág. i. 123; hvervetna þess, er, N. G. L. passim.2. temp. when; ok er, and when; en er, but when: þá er, then when; þar til er, until, etc., passim; annan dag, er menn gengu, Nj. 3; brá þeim mjök við, er þan sá hann, 68; sjaldan fór þá svá, er vel vildi, Ld. 290; ok í því er Þórgils, and in the nick of time when Th., id.: þá lét í hamrinum sem er ( as when) reið gengr, Ísl. ii. 434; næst er vér kómum, next when we came, Eg. 287; þá er vér, when we, id.II. conj. that (vide ‘at’ II, p. 29); þat er (is) mitt ráð er ( that) þú kallir til tals, Eg. 540; ok þat, er hann ætlar, Nj. 7: ok fansk þat á öllu, er ( that) hon þóttisk vargefin, 17; en þessi er (is) frásögn til þess, er ( that) þeir vóru Heljar-skinn kallaðir, Sturl. i. 1; ok finna honum þá sök, er (en MS.) hann hafði verit, that he had been, Fms. vii. 331; af hverju er hann megi marka, from which he may infer, Stj. 135; hvárt er (en MS.) er (is) ungr eða gamall, either that he is young or old, N. G. L. i. 349; spurði hann at, hvárt er, asked him whether, Barl. 92; mikill skaði, er slíkr maðr, that such a man, Fms. vi. 15; hlægligt mér þat þykkir, er ( that) þú þinn harm tínir, Am. 53; er þér gengsk illa, that it goes ill with thee, 53, 89; hins viltú geta, er ( that) vit Hrungnir deildum, Hbl. 15.2. denoting cause; er dóttir mín er hörð í skapi, for that my daughter is hard of heart, Nj. 17.β. er þó, although, Skálda 164.3. þegar er, as soon as, when, Fms. iv. 95, cp. þegar’s above: alls er þú ert, for that thou art, i. 305; síðan er, since, after that, Grág. i. 135; en siðan er Freyr hafði heygðr verít, Hkr. (pref.); but without ‘er,’ N. G. L. i. 342. In the earliest and best MSS. distinction is made between eptir er ( postquam), þegar er ( quum), meðan er ( dum), síðan er ( postquam), and on the other hand eptir ( post), þegar ( jam), meðan ( interdum), síðan (post, deinde); cp. meðan’s, síðan’s, þegar’s, above; but in most old MSS. and writers the particle is left out, often, no doubt, merely from inaccuracy in the MSS., or even in the editions, (in MSS. ‘er’ is almost always spelt and easily overlooked): again, in mod. usage the particle ‘at, að,’ is often used as equivalent to ‘er,’ meðan að, whilst; síðan að, since that; þegar að, postquam, (vide ‘at’ V, p. 29.)2.3rd pers. pres. is, vide vera. -
42 due
twoa due a due in twos, two by twotutt'e due both of themvorrei dire due parole I'd like to say a word or two* * *1 two: stanza due, room two; incontriamoci alle due, let's meet at two (o' clock); due su dieci, two out of ten; due volte, twice: due volte al giorno, twice a day; due volte tanto, twice as much; twice as many: ''Quanto zucchero vuoi?'' ''Dammene due volte tanto'', ''How much sugar do you want?'' ''Give me twice as much''; i suoi libri sono due volte tanto i miei, he has got twice as many books as me // a due a due, two by two (o by twos); carrozza a due ruote, two-wheeled carriage; ogni due giorni, every other day; il più caro dei due, the more expensive of the two; il due nel quattro sta due volte, two into four goes twice; vennero tutti e due, they both (o both of them) came; verrò il due aprile, I shall come on the second of April; marciare in fila per due, to march two abreast (o in twos); piegare qlco. in due, to fold sthg. in two (o in half); puntare sul due, to bet on the two; ho preso due in latino, I got two in Latin; un interesse del due per cento, interest at two per cent // una delle due!, one or the other! // lavorare per due, to work hard // mangiare per due, to eat enough for two // tenere il piede in due staffe, to have a foot in both camps (o to run with the hare and hunt with the hounds)2 (mar.) un due alberi, a two-master // ( canottaggio): due di punta, pair-oar; due con, due senza, coxed pair, coxless pair4 ( piccola quantità) a few, a couple of: devo dirti due parole, I've got to have a few (o a couple of) words with you; scrivi due righe, write a few (o a couple of) lines (o words); facciamo due passi, let's take a short walk; è a due passi da qui, it's not far from here; fare due chiacchiere, to have a little chat.* * *['due]1. agg inv1) twoa due a due — two at a time, two by two
2) (fig : pochi) a couple, a few2. sm invper fraseologia vedi: cinque* * *['due] 1.aggettivo invariabile1) twodue punti — (punteggiatura) colon
prendere qcs. con tutt'e due le mani — to take sth. with both hands
andare o procedere due a due to go two by two; lavorare per due to work like a beaver; mangiare per due — to eat like a horse
ci scriva due righe — drop us a few o couple of lines
è a due minuti da qui — it's a couple of o two minutes from here
fare due chiacchiere con qcn. — to exchange a few words with sb.
2.vendere qcs. per due lire — = to sell sth. really cheap
sostantivo maschile invariabile1) (numero) two2) (giorno del mese) second3) scol. (voto) = very low fail3.due senza — coxwainless pair, pair oar
••sicuro come due più due fa quattro — as sure as eggs is eggs, as sure as I'm standing
non c'è il due senza il tre — prov. = things always come in three
piegarsi in due dal male, dalle risate — to be bent double with pain, laughter
quattro occhi vedono meglio di due — prov. two heads are better than one
contare come il due a briscola o di picche = to count for nothing; su due piedi — on the spot
* * *due/'due/ ⇒ 26, 5, 8, 131 two; due volte twice; due punti (punteggiatura) colon; prendere qcs. con tutt'e due le mani to take sth. with both hands; andare o procedere due a due to go two by two; lavorare per due to work like a beaver; mangiare per due to eat like a horse2 (con valore generico) due dita di whisky two fingers of whisky; ci scriva due righe drop us a few o couple of lines; è a due minuti da qui it's a couple of o two minutes from here; è a due passi it's a stone's throw away; fare due chiacchiere con qcn. to exchange a few words with sb.; vendere qcs. per due lire = to sell sth. really cheapII m.inv.1 (numero) two2 (giorno del mese) second3 scol. (voto) = very low failIII f.pl.(ore) (del mattino) two am; (del pomeriggio) two pmusare due pesi e due misure to have double standards; sicuro come due più due fa quattro as sure as eggs is eggs, as sure as I'm standing; fare due più due to put two and two together; non se l'è fatto dire due volte! he needed no second bidding! he didn't need to be told twice! senza pensarci due volte without (giving it) a second thought; non c'è il due senza il tre prov. = things always come in three; piegarsi in due dal male, dalle risate to be bent double with pain, laughter; quattro occhi vedono meglio di due prov. two heads are better than one; contare come il due a briscola o di picche = to count for nothing; su due piedi on the spot\ -
43 su
1. prep onargomento about( circa) (round) aboutsul tavolo on the tablesul mare by the seasulle tremila lire round about three thousand liresu misura made to measurenove volte su dieci nine times out of ten2. adv up( al piano di sopra) upstairssu! come on!guardare in su look up* * *su avv.1 ( moto, direzione) up; ( al piano superiore) upstairs: puoi venire su un momento?, can you come up (stairs) a moment?; vado su a prendere le chiavi, I'll go up and get the keys; l'ho mandato su in solaio, I've sent him up to the attic; devo portare su le valigie?, shall I bring the cases up?; guardate su, look up; tira su quel pezzo di carta, pick up that piece of paper; il prezzo della benzina è andato su parecchio, the price of petrol has gone up a great deal // là su → lassù; qua su → quassù // su e giù → giù // su per, up: su per la collina, up the hill; si precipitò su per le scale, he rushed upstairs // metter su casa, to set up house // tirar su un bambino, ( allevarlo) to bring up a child // tirarsi su, ( in salute) to recover (o to pick up); ( finanziariamente) to get on one's feet again // Con uso rafforzativo: si spinse su su fino alla vetta, he climbed all the way up to the summit; risalire su su fino alle origini, to go all the way back to the beginning2 ( posizione, situazione) up (above) (anche fig.); ( al piano superiore) upstairs: gli ospiti sono su in terrazza, the guests are up on the terrace; l'ufficio è su al primo piano, the office is up on the first floor; ti chiamano da su, they're calling you from upstairs (o from up above); a mezzanotte era ancora su, ( alzato) he was still up at midnight // più su, higher up; ( più avanti) further up (o further along): abita due piani più su, he lives two floors (higher) up; appendi il quadro un po' più su, hang the picture a little higher up; l'albergo è pochi metri più su, the hotel is a few metres further on3 ( indosso) on: aveva su un paio di scarpe nuove, he had a new pair of shoes on; metti su il soprabito, put your coat on // metter su arie, to put on airs4 ( con valore esortativo): su, sbrigati!, get a move on!; su, andiamo!, come on, let's go!; su, coraggio!, su con la vita!, cheer up!; su, non piangere!, come on, don't cry!5 ( con uso pleonastico): di su!, out with it!6 in su, ( verso l'alto) up (wards); ( in avanti) onwards: guardai in su, I looked up; giaceva sul pavimento a faccia in su, he was lying face upwards on the floor; dalla vita in su, from the waist upwards; camminare col naso in su, to walk with one's nose in the air; i nostri prezzi vanno da dieci euro in su, our prices are from ten euros upwards; il traffico è scorrevole da Bologna in su, the traffic is moving smoothly from Bologna onwards; la norma si applica a tutto il personale, dal fattorino in su, the rule applies to all staff, from the office boy up; la tapparella non va né in su né in giù, the shutter won't go either up or down◆ s.m.: era un su e giù continuo, it was a continuous coming and going.◆ FRASEOLOGIA: su le mani!, hands up! // su per giù, more or less (o roughly o about): avrà su per giù la mia età, he must be about my age; c'erano su per giù mille persone, there were roughly a thousand people // essere su di morale, to be in high spirits // essere su di giri, to be revved up; (fig.) to feel on top of the world // avercela su con qlcu., to have it in for s.o. ∙ Per andare su, mettere su, venire su → anche andare, mettere, venire.su prep.1 ( per indicare sovrapposizione con contatto) on, (form.) upon; ( con movimento) up; on to (o onto); ( in cima a) on top of: c'è una macchia sul pavimento, there's a stain on the floor; la lettera era sul tavolo, the letter was on the table; posalo sulla sedia, put it on the chair; l'acrobata camminava su una fune, the acrobat was walking on a tightrope; metti il coperchio sulla pentola, put the lid on the pan; si arrampicò su un albero, he climbed up a tree; salire su una scala, to go up a ladder; salire sul treno, to get on the train; caricarono gli sci sul tetto della macchina, they loaded the skis on to the car roof (o on top of the car); i corpi giacevano ammassati uno sull'altro, the bodies were piled one on top of another; il paese sorgeva su una ridente collina, the village stood on (o upon) a sunny hilltop; l'aereo si è schiantato sull'autostrada, the plane crashed on to the motorway // il suo ragionamento si fondava su false premesse, his reasoning was based on false assumptions // far assegnamento su qlcu., to rely on s.o.2 (per indicare sovrapposizione senza contatto, ovvero protezione, difesa, rivestimento) over: stiamo volando su Londra, we're flying over London; c'è un ponte sul fiume, there's a bridge over the river; una nube tossica incombeva sulla città, a toxic cloud hung over the city; metti un golfino sulle spalle, put a cardigan over your shoulders; passare la lucidatrice sul pavimento, to pass the polisher over the floor; spalmare la crema sul viso, to spread cream over one's face // sul suo capo pendeva la minaccia del licenziamento, the threat of dismissal hung over his head3 (per indicare superiorità, dominio, controllo) over: non ha alcuna autorità su di noi, he has no authority over us; celebrare la vittoria sul nemico, to celebrate one's victory over the enemy; regnare su un popolo, to reign over a people; esercitare la propria influenza, il proprio potere su qlcu., to exert one's influence, power over s.o.; avere un vantaggio su qlcu., to have an advantage over s.o.4 (a un livello superiore, più in alto di) above (anche fig.): il sole era alto sull'orizzonte, the sun was high above the horizon; il paese è a 500 metri sul livello del mare, the village is 500 m above sea level // per lui il lavoro ha la precedenza su tutto, he puts work before everything5 ( lungo) on; ( che si affaccia su) on to (o onto): una casa, una città sul fiume, a house, a city on the river; un negozio sul corso principale, a shop on the main street; passeggiammo sul lungomare, we walked on (o along) the seafront; la mia finestra guarda sul cortile, my window looks on to (o onto) the courtyard; questa porta dà sul giardino, this door opens onto the garden6 ( verso, in direzione di, contro) to (wards); ( contro) on; at: l'esercito marciò su Napoli, the army marched on Naples; tutti i riflettori erano puntati sulla rock star, all the spotlights were focused on the rock star; tutti si scagliarono su di lui, they all flung themselves at (o on) him (o fam. they all went for him); sparare sulla folla, to fire on (o into) the crowd7 ( dopo, di seguito a) after: commettere errori su errori, to make mistake after mistake // costruire pietra su pietra, to build stone by stone8 ( approssimativamente) about; ( di tempo) at, about: sul mezzogiorno, about midday; sul far della sera, at nightfall; sulla fine del secolo, at the turn of the century; da qui a Firenze ci si impiega sulle tre ore, it takes about three hours to get (from here) to Florence; peserà sui 50 chili, it must weigh about 50 kilos; l'ha pagato sui 500 euro, he paid about 500 euros for it; un ragazzo sui 10 anni, a boy about 10 years of age; è sulla trentina, he's about thirty years old // un colore sul verde, a greenish colour // era un po' sul depresso, he was a bit depressed9 ( intorno a, riguardo a) on, about: un saggio sulla letteratura del Novecento, an essay on 20th century literature; su che cosa sarà la conferenza?, what will the talk be about?; sa tutto sulla storia del jazz, he knows everything about the history of jazz; discutere sui fatti del giorno, to discuss the day's events10 ( per esprimere proporzione) out of: nove su dieci espressero parere favorevole, nine out of ten were in favour; arriva in ritardo due gioni su tre, he arrives late two days out of three; una volta su mille, one time out of a thousand; meritare otto su dieci, to get eight out of ten.◆ FRASEOLOGIA: sul momento, at first; sull'istante, immediately; sui due piedi, on the spot // su misura, made to measure // dipinto su legno, tela, painted on wood, canvas // (comm.): su campione, by sample; su campione tipo, on type (o on standard); su richiesta, on demand // essere sul punto di fare qlco., to be about (o to be going) to do sthg. // fare sul serio, to be in (o deadly) earnest (o to be serious): fai sul serio?, are you serious? (o fam. no kidding?) // credere sulla parola, to take s.o.'s word for it.* * *[su]1. prep su + il=sul, su + lo=sullo, su + l'=sull', su + la=sulla, su + i=sui, su + gli=sugli, su + le= sullegettarsi sulla preda — to throw o.s. on one's prey
procedi sulla sinistra — keep on o to the left
2) (addosso) overbuttati uno scialle sulle spalle — throw a shawl over o round your shoulders
3) (da una parte all'altra) over4) (autorità, dominio) over5) (più in alto di) above100 metri sul livello del mare — 100 metres above sea level
6) (argomento) about, onun articolo sulla prima guerra mondiale — an article on o about the First World War
una conferenza sulla pace nel mondo — a conference on o about world peace
7) (circa) about, around8) (proporzione) out of, in2 giorni su 3 — 2 days out of 3, 2 days in 3
9)2. avv1) (in alto, verso l'alto) up, (al piano superiore) upstairssu — look uplì
su — up theresu — up here2) (in poi) onwardsdal numero 39 in su — from number 39 onwards
dai 20 anni in su — from the age of 20 onwards
prezzi dalle 50 euro in su — prices from 50 euros (upwards)
3) (addosso) on4)su coraggio! — come on, cheer up!su su non fare così! — now, now, don't behave like that!
su dal niente — to rise from nothing* * *[su] 1.1) (con contatto) on, upon; (con movimento) on, onto; (in cima a) on top ofpassare la mano su qcs. — to run one's hand over sth.
salire sulla scala, su un albero — to climb (up) the ladder, a tree
salire sul treno, sull'autobus — to get on o onto the train, the bus
2) (senza contatto o per indicare rivestimento, protezione) overun ponte sul fiume — a bridge across o over the river
3) (per indicare superiorità, dominio) over4) (al di sopra di) above5) (verso)la stanza dà sul parco — the room looks onto o towards the park
puntare un'arma su qcn. — to aim a gun at sb
sul quarto canale — telev. on channel four
8) (riguardo a, intorno a) on, aboutsu consiglio di qcn. — on sb.'s advice, at o on sb.'s suggestion
su ordine di qcn. — on sb.'s order
10) (per indicare approssimazione) about, around11) (per indicare iterazione) after, uponcommettere sbagli su sbagli — to make one mistake after another, to make mistake after mistake
12) (distributivo) out of2.1) (in alto) up2) (al piano superiore) upstairsportare qcs. su in soffitta — to take sth. up to the attic
salire su su nel cielo — to raise up and up o further up into the sky
4) in su up, upwards5) su persu per la montagna, le scale — up the mountain, the stairs
6) su e giù (in alto e in basso) up and down; (avanti e indietro) up and down, to and fro3.interiezione come on* * *su/su/1 (con contatto) on, upon; (con movimento) on, onto; (in cima a) on top of; la tazza è sul tavolo the cup is on the table; battere il pugno sul tavolo to slam one's fist on the table; passare la mano su qcs. to run one's hand over sth.; salire sulla scala, su un albero to climb (up) the ladder, a tree; dimenticare l'ombrello sul treno to leave one's umbrella on the train; salire sul treno, sull'autobus to get on o onto the train, the bus; mettilo su quel mucchio put it on top of that pile2 (senza contatto o per indicare rivestimento, protezione) over; nuvole sulle montagne clouds over the mountain tops; un ponte sul fiume a bridge across o over the river; portare un maglione sulla camicia to wear a sweater over one's shirt; mettere una coperta sulla poltrona to lay a blanket over the armchair3 (per indicare superiorità, dominio) over; governare su un paese to rule (over) a country4 (al di sopra di) above; 500 m sul livello del mare 500 m above sea level5 (verso) la stanza dà sul parco the room looks onto o towards the park; puntare un'arma su qcn. to aim a gun at sb.6 (con nomi di fiumi e laghi) un ponte sul Tamigi a bridge over the Thames; le città sul Po the towns along the Po; crociera sul Nilo cruise on the Nile; vacanze sul Lago Maggiore holidays by Lake Maggiore7 (per indicare un supporto) on; su CD on CD; disegnare sulla sabbia to draw in the sand; copiare su carta to copy onto paper; sul giornale in the newspaper; sul quarto canale telev. on channel four8 (riguardo a, intorno a) on, about9 (per indicare il modo) su commissione on commission; su consiglio di qcn. on sb.'s advice, at o on sb.'s suggestion; su ordine di qcn. on sb.'s order10 (per indicare approssimazione) about, around; essere sui vent'anni to be about twenty; sul finire del secolo towards the end of the century11 (per indicare iterazione) after, upon; commettere sbagli su sbagli to make one mistake after another, to make mistake after mistake12 (distributivo) out of; due persone su tre two out of every three people; una settimana su tre one week in threeII avverbio2 (al piano superiore) upstairs; su fa più freddo it's colder upstairs; portare qcs. su in soffitta to take sth. up to the attic4 in su up, upwards; più in su further up; guardare in su to look up(wards); dalla vita in su from the waist up(wards); dai 3 anni in su from (the age of) 3 up; a faccia in su face up(wards)5 su per su per la montagna, le scale up the mountain, the stairs6 su e giù (in alto e in basso) up and down; (avanti e indietro) up and down, to and fro; andare su e giù per le scale to go up and down the stairsIII interiezionecome on. -
44 mittel
Adj.; nur präd.; umg. (mäßig) (fair to) middling, so-so; in der Schule war ich nur (so) mittel I wasn’t better than average at school; sein neuester Roman ist höchstens mittel his latest novel is at best run-of-the-mill* * *das Mittel(Durchschnitt) average; mean;(Hilfsmittel) vehicle; means; remedy; resource; medium;(Medikament) medicine; cure;die Mittel* * *Mịt|tel ['mɪtl]nt -s, -1) (MATH = Durchschnitt) averagearithmetisches/geometrisches Mittel — arithmetical/geometrical mean
2) (= Mittel zum Zweck, Transportmittel etc) means sing; (= Maßnahme, Methode) way, method; (= Werbemittel, Propagandamittel, zur Verkehrsbeeinflussung) device; (= Lehrmittel) aidMittel und Wege finden — to find ways and means
Mittel zum Zweck — a means to an end
Mittel gegen die Inflation — ways of beating inflation
als letztes or äußerstes Mittel — as a last resort
zu anderen Mitteln greifen, andere Mittel anwenden — to use or employ other means or methods
ihm ist jedes Mittel recht — he will do anything (to achieve his ends)
ihm war jedes Mittel recht, dazu war ihm jedes Mittel recht — he did not care how he did it or what means he used to achieve his ends
etw mit allen Mitteln verhindern/bekämpfen — to do one's utmost or to do everything one can to prevent/oppose sth
sie hat mit allen Mitteln gekämpft, um... — she fought tooth and nail to...
4) (=Medikament kosmetisch) preparation; (MED) drug, preparation; (= Medizin) medicine; (= Putzmittel) cleaning agent; (= Fleckenmittel) spot or stain remover; (= Waschmittel) detergent; (= Haarwaschmittel) shampoowelches Mittel nimmst du? — what do you use?; (Med
ein Mittel zum Einreiben (flüssig) — something or a lotion to be rubbed in; (Salbe) an ointment to be rubbed in; (Creme) a cream to be rubbed in
das ist ein Mittel gegen meine Erkältung/Schuppen — that is for my cold/dandruff
Mittel zum Putzen — cleaning things pl or stuff
ein Mittel ( gegen Kopfschmerzen/Husten etc) verschreiben lassen — to get the doctor to prescribe something (for headaches/a cough etc)
es gibt kein Mittel gegen Schnupfen — there is no cure for the common cold
das beste Mittel für or gegen etw — the best cure or remedy for sth
5) (PHYS, CHEM = Medium) medium* * *die1) (the instrument(s), method(s) etc by which a thing is, or may be, done or made to happen: By what means can we find out?) means2) (something by or through which an effect is produced: Air is the medium through which sound is carried.) medium3) (middle or average in size, quality etc: Would you like the small, medium or large packet?) medium4) ((usually in plural) something that gives help, support etc when needed; a supply; a means: We have used up all our resources; We haven't the resources at this school for teaching handicapped children.) resource* * *Mit·tel<-s, ->[ˈmɪtl̩]ntwelches \Mittel nehmen Sie? what do you take?welches \Mittel hat der Arzt Ihnen verschrieben? what did the doctor give you?ich habe mir ein \Mittel gegen Migräne verschreiben lassen I got the doctor to prescribe me something for my migrainedas ist ein \Mittel gegen Schuppen that is for dandruffes gibt kein \Mittel gegen Schnupfen there is no cure for the common coldein \Mittel gegen Grippe a remedy [or cure] for influenzaein \Mittel gegen Schmerzen a pain relieverein schmerzstillendes \Mittel a painkiller2. (Substanz)ein \Mittel zum Entfernen von Flecken a stain removerein \Mittel gegen Insekten an insect repellentein \Mittel zur Reinigung von Teppichen a cleaning agent for carpetsein \Mittel gegen Ungeziefer a pesticide3. (Hilfsmittel) deviceein \Mittel um Wasser zu sparen a water-saving deviceein \Mittel zur Empfängnisverhütung a contraceptive deviceein rhetorisches/stilistisches \Mittel a rhetorical/stylistic devicees gibt \Mittel, das herauszufinden there are ways of finding that outer ist in der Wahl seiner \Mittel nicht zimperlich he is not fussy about what methods he choosesmit allen \Mitteln by every meanssie hat mit allen \Mitteln gekämpft, um... she fought tooth and nail to...als äußerstes [o letztes] \Mittel as a last resortStreikmaßnahmen sollten als äußerstes \Mittel angesehen werden strike action should be regarded as the last resortsie haben zum äußersten \Mittel gegriffen und ihm Hausverbot erteilt as a last resort they forbid him to enter the houseetw mit allen \Mitteln bekämpfen/zu verhindern versuchen to do one's utmost [or everything one can] to oppose/prevent sthein \Mittel haben, [um] etw zu tun to have ways [or means] of doing sthwir haben \Mittel, um ihn zum Reden zu bringen we have ways of making him talkjdm ist jedes \Mittel recht sb will go to any length[s] [or stop at nothing]kein \Mittel unversucht lassen to leave no stone unturned, to try everythingmit allen \Mitteln versuchen, etw zu tun to try one's utmost to do sth\Mittel und Wege finden to find ways and means\Mittel und Wege suchen to look for ways and meansein \Mittel zum Zweck sein to be a means to an endmeine \Mittel sind erschöpft my funds are exhaustedzum Glück verfüge ich dazu noch über ausreichende \Mittel thankfully, I've got enough funds left to cover thatvon seinen bescheidenen \Mitteln kann er kaum die Miete zahlen with his modest means he can hardly pay the rent\Mittel abstoßen FIN to liquidate resources\Mittel aufbringen/binden/kürzen FIN to raise/tie up/cut fundsbeschränkte/flüssige \Mittel FIN limited resources/liquid assetsetw aus eigenen \Mitteln bezahlen to pay for sth out of one's own resources6. (Mittelwert) averagearithmetisches/geometrisches \Mittel MATH arithmetic/geometric meangewichtetes \Mittel weighted averageim \Mittel on averageetw im \Mittel erreichen to average [at] sth* * *das; Mittels, Mittel1) means sing.; (Methode) way; method; (WerbeMittel, PropagandaMittel, zur Verkehrskontrolle) device (+ Gen. for)mit allen Mitteln versuchen, etwas zu tun — try by every means to do something
[nur] Mittel zum Zweck sein — be [just] a means to an end
Mittel und Wege suchen/finden — look for/find ways and means
2) (Arznei)ein Mittel gegen Husten/Schuppen — usw. a remedy or cure for coughs pl./dandruff sing. etc.
3) (Substanz)ein Mittel gegen Ungeziefer/Insekten — a pesticide/an insect repellent
* * *in der Schule war ich nur (so) mittel I wasn’t better than average at school;sein neuester Roman ist höchstens mittel his latest novel is at best run-of-the-mill* * *das; Mittels, Mittel1) means sing.; (Methode) way; method; (WerbeMittel, PropagandaMittel, zur Verkehrskontrolle) device (+ Gen. for)mit allen Mitteln versuchen, etwas zu tun — try by every means to do something
[nur] Mittel zum Zweck sein — be [just] a means to an end
Mittel und Wege suchen/finden — look for/find ways and means
2) (Arznei)ein Mittel gegen Husten/Schuppen — usw. a remedy or cure for coughs pl./dandruff sing. etc.
3) (Substanz)ein Mittel gegen Ungeziefer/Insekten — a pesticide/an insect repellent
* * *- n.agency n.means n. -
45 justo2
= squarely.Ex. Surveillance licensing is one question which falls squarely into the 'free movement of goods' category and does not involve the harmonization of the laws of member states.----* el futuro + estar + justo a la vuelta de la esquina = the future + be + just around the corner.* en el momento justo = on cue.* estar en el sitio justo en el momento preciso = be on the spot.* estar justo en medio de = stand + squarely in.* justo ahora = right now, just now.* justo a la vuelta de la esquina = just around the corner.* justo antes de = on the eve of, in the run up to, during the run up to.* justo antes (de que) = immediately before.* justo a tiempo = (just) in the nick of time, just in time, not a moment too soon, not a minute too soon.* justo de la misma manera que = in just the same way as.* justo después = immediately.* justo después de = right behind, right after, on the heels of, on the coattails of.* justo después de (que) = immediately after.* justo detrás de = right behind.* justo en = right in.* justo encima de = smack right on top of.* justo en el blanco = dead on target.* justo en el medio (de) = plumb in the middle (of).* justo en en centro (de) = plumb in the middle (of).* justo en ese momento = just then.* justo en la diana = dead on target.* justo entonces = immediately.* justo hasta = down to.* justo lo contrario de = quite the opposite of.* justo lo que se necesita = just the ticket, that's the ticket!.* justo + Preposición = right + Preposición.* ser justo lo que se necesita = be just the thing, be just the ticket, be just the job.* ser justo lo que Uno necesita = be (right) up + Posesivo + alley.* venir justo después de = come on + the heels of.* vivir con lo justo = live on + a shoestring (budget). -
46 agarrar
v.1 to grab.me agarró de la cintura he grabbed me by the waistSilvia agarró la mano de Ricardo Silvia grabbed John's hand.2 to catch (atrapar) (ladrón).¡si la agarro, la mato! if I catch her I'll kill her!me agarró desprevenido he caught me off guardMaría agarra el bejuco Mary catches the liMaría.3 to catch (informal) (enfermedad). (peninsular Spanish)4 to get, to take. ( Latin American Spanish)Agarrar impulso Take impulse.5 to take (tinte).6 to be taken to prison, to get nicked.Lo agarraron He was taken to prison.[He got nicked]* * *1 (con la mano) to clutch, seize, grasp3 familiar (conseguir) to take advantage of1 (cogerse) to hold on, cling (a, to)2 (pegarse) to stick3 familiar (pelearse) to quarrel, fight\agarrar un cabreo to fly off the handleagarrar una borrachera to get drunk/pissedagarrarla to get drunk/pissedagarrarse a un clavo ardiendo figurado to try anything, do anything* * *verb1) to hold, seize, grab, grasp2) catch•* * *1. VT1) (=asir)a) [sujetando] to hold (on to)le señalaron falta por agarrar a un jugador contrario — a free kick was given against him for holding on to one of the opposition
•
entró agarrada del brazo de su padre — she came in holding her father's armb) [con violencia] to grabc) [con fuerza] to grip2) (=capturar) to catch3) [+ resfriado] to catch4) * (=conseguir) to get, wangle *5) esp LAm (=coger)la casa tiene tanto trabajo que no sé por dónde agarrarla — the house needs such a lot doing to it, I don't know where to start
7) Cono Sur•
agarrar a palos a algn — * to beat sb up *8) Caribe *** to fuck ***2. VI1) (=asir)agarra por este extremo — hold it by this end, take hold of it by this end
2) (Bot) [planta] to take (root)3) [color] to take4) esp LAm (=coger)agarró y se fue — * he upped and went *
3.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1) ( sujetar) to grab, get hold ofme agarró del brazo — ( para apoyar) she took hold of my arm; (con violencia, rapidez) she grabbed me by the arm
te lo tiro agárralo! — I'll throw it to you, catch!
no hay por dónde agarrarlo — (fam) <tema/asunto> you can't make head nor tail of it (colloq); < persona> you don't know how to take him
3) (AmL) (pescar, atrapar) to catchsi lo agarro, lo mato — if I get o lay my hands on him, I'll kill him
agarrarla con alguien — (AmL fam) to take it out on somebody
4) (esp AmL) ( adquirir) <resfriado/pulmonía> to catch; <costumbre/vicio> to pick up; < ritmo> to get into; < velocidad> to gather, pick up; (+ me/te/le etc)5) (AmL) ( entender) <indirecta/chiste> to get2.agarrar vi1) (asir, sujetar) to take hold of, holdtoma, agarra — here, hold this
3) (esp AmL) (ir)4) (esp AmL fam)3.agarrar y...: un buen día agarró y lo dejó todo one fine day she upped and left everything; así que agarré y presenté la renuncia — so I gave in my notice there and then
agarrarse v pron1) ( asirse) to hold onagárrate bien or fuerte — hold on tight
¿sabes a quién vi? agárrate! — (fam) do you know who I saw? wait for it! (colloq)
agarrarse a or de algo — to hold on to something
2) ( pillarse)3) (esp AmL) <resfriado/pulmonía> to catch4) (AmL fam) ( pelearse) to get into a fightagarrársela(s) con alguien — (AmL fam) to take it out on somebody (colloq)
* * *= grip, bust, grab, grasp.Ex. The entrance door should be automatic or with a handle easy to grip.Ex. On Saturday, a trooper stood on a street corner dressed in plain clothes and helped bust 30 people for not wearing their seat belts.Ex. If we move fast, we can grab the space for the library.Ex. A mouse is commonly moved or lifted from its cage by grasping the base of the tail.----* agarrarse = clutch.* agarrarse a = latch on to, hold to, hold on to, hold fast to, cling to.* agarrarse a un clavo ardiendo = catch at + straws, grasp at + straws, clutch at + straws.* agarrarse desesperadamente = hang on + for dear life, cling on + for dear life.* agarrarse los machos = batten down + the hatches.* agarrar un resfriado de muerte = catch + Posesivo + death (of cold).* * *1.verbo transitivo1) ( sujetar) to grab, get hold ofme agarró del brazo — ( para apoyar) she took hold of my arm; (con violencia, rapidez) she grabbed me by the arm
te lo tiro agárralo! — I'll throw it to you, catch!
no hay por dónde agarrarlo — (fam) <tema/asunto> you can't make head nor tail of it (colloq); < persona> you don't know how to take him
3) (AmL) (pescar, atrapar) to catchsi lo agarro, lo mato — if I get o lay my hands on him, I'll kill him
agarrarla con alguien — (AmL fam) to take it out on somebody
4) (esp AmL) ( adquirir) <resfriado/pulmonía> to catch; <costumbre/vicio> to pick up; < ritmo> to get into; < velocidad> to gather, pick up; (+ me/te/le etc)5) (AmL) ( entender) <indirecta/chiste> to get2.agarrar vi1) (asir, sujetar) to take hold of, holdtoma, agarra — here, hold this
3) (esp AmL) (ir)4) (esp AmL fam)3.agarrar y...: un buen día agarró y lo dejó todo one fine day she upped and left everything; así que agarré y presenté la renuncia — so I gave in my notice there and then
agarrarse v pron1) ( asirse) to hold onagárrate bien or fuerte — hold on tight
¿sabes a quién vi? agárrate! — (fam) do you know who I saw? wait for it! (colloq)
agarrarse a or de algo — to hold on to something
2) ( pillarse)3) (esp AmL) <resfriado/pulmonía> to catch4) (AmL fam) ( pelearse) to get into a fightagarrársela(s) con alguien — (AmL fam) to take it out on somebody (colloq)
* * *= grip, bust, grab, grasp.Ex: The entrance door should be automatic or with a handle easy to grip.
Ex: On Saturday, a trooper stood on a street corner dressed in plain clothes and helped bust 30 people for not wearing their seat belts.Ex: If we move fast, we can grab the space for the library.Ex: A mouse is commonly moved or lifted from its cage by grasping the base of the tail.* agarrarse = clutch.* agarrarse a = latch on to, hold to, hold on to, hold fast to, cling to.* agarrarse a un clavo ardiendo = catch at + straws, grasp at + straws, clutch at + straws.* agarrarse desesperadamente = hang on + for dear life, cling on + for dear life.* agarrarse los machos = batten down + the hatches.* agarrar un resfriado de muerte = catch + Posesivo + death (of cold).* * *agarrar [A1 ]vtA (sujetar) to get hold of, grablo agarró de or por las solapas he grabbed him o took hold of him by the lapelsagárralo, que se va a caer grab him, he's going to fallme agarró del brazo (para apoyarse) she took hold of my arm; (con violencia, rapidez) she grabbed me by the arm, she seized my armya agarra bien el sonajero she can already hold her rattle properlyagarra el dinero de mi cartera take the money out of my walletagarra un papel y toma nota get a piece of paper and take this down¿alguien agarró el libro que dejé en la mesa? did anyone pick up o take the book I left on the table?¿puedo agarrar una manzana? may I take an apple?agarró las llaves/sus cosas y se fue he took the keys/his things and leftte lo tiro ¡agárralo! I'll throw it to you, catch!este capítulo es dificilísimo, no hay or no tiene por dónde agarrarlo ( fam); this chapter is really difficult, I can't make head nor tail of it ( colloq)C1 ( AmL) (pescar, atrapar) to catchsi te agarra el profesor, ya verás if the teacher catches you, you'll be for itsi lo agarro, lo mato if I get o lay my hands on him, I'll kill himse acaba de ir, pero si corres, lo agarras he's just left, but if you run, you'll catch himme agarró desprevenido/de buen humor she caught me off guard/in a good mood3 (CS) ‹televisión/emisora› to get, pick upD1 ‹resfriado› to catchno salgas así, vas a agarrar una pulmonía don't go out like that, you'll catch your death of cold2 ‹velocidad› to gather, pick up3 ‹asco/odio/miedo› (+ me/te/le etc):se ha caído tantas veces que le ha agarrado miedo al caballo she's had so many falls that now she's afraid of the horsecon los años le he ido agarrando cariño over the years I've grown fond of her4 (entender) ‹indirecta/chiste› to get5 ( RPl) ‹calle› to take■ agarrarviA (asir, sujetar) to take hold of, holdtoma, agarra here, hold thisagarra por ahí take o get hold of that partB1 «planta/injerto» to take2 «tornillo» to grip, catch; «ruedas» to grip3 «tinte» to takeC ( esp AmL) (ir) agarrar POR algo; ‹por una calle/la costa› to go ALONG sth agarrar PARA algo to head FOR sthagarraron para la capital they headed for the capitaltiene tantos problemas, que no sabe para dónde agarrar he has so many problems, he doesn't know which way to turnD( esp AmL fam): agarrar y …: un buen día agarró y lo dejó todo one fine day she upped and left everythingcuando ya había hecho la reserva agarra y me dice que no quiere ir I had already made the reservations when he goes and tells me he doesn't want to goasí que agarré y presenté la renuncia so I gave in my notice on the spot o there and thenA (asirse) to hold onagárrate bien or fuerte hold on tight¿sabes cuánto dinero nos queda? ¡agárrate! ( fam); do you know how much money we have left? wait for it! o prepare yourself for a shock! ( colloq)agarrarse A or DE algo to hold on TO sthse agarró al or del pasamanos she held on to o gripped the handrailiban agarrados del brazo they were walking along arm in armse agarró de eso para no venir he latched on to that as an excuse not to comese ha agarrado a esa promesa/esperanza she's clinging to that promise/hopeB(pillarse): me agarré el dedo en el cajón I caught my finger in the drawerC( esp AmL): se agarró una borrachera de padre y señor mío he got absolutely blind drunkse agarró una rabieta he got o flew into a temper¡qué disgusto se agarró cuando se enteró! she got really upset when she heard!no vale la pena agarrarse con él por esa estupidez there's no point arguing with him over a silly thing like thatse las agarró conmigo he took it out on me2(pelearse): se agarraron a patadas/puñetazos they started kicking/punching each otherpor poco se agarran de los pelos they almost came to blowsE (pegarse) «comida» to stick* * *
agarrar ( conjugate agarrar) verbo transitivo
1 ( sujetar) to grab, get hold of;
(con violencia, rapidez) she grabbed me by the arm
2 (esp AmL) ‹ objeto› ( tomar) to take;
( atajar) to catch;
3 (AmL) (pescar, atrapar) to catch;◊ si lo agarro, lo mato if I get o lay my hands on him, I'll kill him
4 (esp AmL) ( adquirir) ‹resfriado/pulmonía› to catch;
‹costumbre/vicio› to pick up;
‹ ritmo› to get into;
‹ velocidad› to gather, pick up;
le agarró asco he got sick of it;
le he agarrado odio I've come to hate him
5 (AmL) ( entender) ‹indirecta/chiste› to get
verbo intransitivo
1 (asir, sujetar):◊ toma, agarra here, hold this;
agarra por ahí take hold of that part
2 [planta/injerto] to take;
[ tornillo] to grip, catch;
[ ruedas] to grip;
[ tinte] to take
agarrarse verbo pronominal
1 ( asirse) to hold on;
agárrate bien or fuerte hold on tight;
agarrarse a or de algo to hold on to sth;
2 ‹dedo/manga› to catch;
3 (esp AmL) ‹resfriado/pulmonía› to catch;
agarrarse un disgusto/una rabieta to get upset/into a temper
4 (AmL fam) ( pelearse) to get into a fight;
agarrarse con algn to have a set-to with sb (colloq)
agarrar verbo transitivo
1 (sujetar con fuerza) to grasp, seize: lo tienes bien agarrado, you are holding it tightly
2 LAm (coger) to take
3 fam (pillar a alguien, un resfriado) to catch
agarrar(se) una borrachera, to get drunk o fam pissed
' agarrar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
coger
- melopea
- sujetar
- tomar
- turca
- alcanzar
- atajar
- cuete
- fuerte
- hueveo
- insolación
- jalar
- mano
- mona
English:
blind
- catch
- clasp
- clutch
- collar
- grab
- grasp
- grip
- hold
- seize
- take
- act
- bust
- clench
- get
- knack
- latch
- nab
- nail
- pick
- red
- rope
- surprise
- unawares
- up
* * *♦ vt1. [asir] to grab;me agarró de la cintura he grabbed me by the waist;agarra bien al niño y no se caerá hold onto the child tight and he won't fall¡si la agarro, la mato! if I catch her I'll kill her!;me agarró desprevenido he caught me off guard4. CompFamagarrarla, agarrar una buena to get sloshed;Famesta novela no hay por dónde agarrarla I can't make head or tail of this novel;RP Famagarrar la mano a algo to get to grips with sth;Méx Famagarrar patín to have a good laugh;RP Famagarrar viaje to accept an offer;RP Famagarrar viento en la camiseta to really get going;después de un comienzo accidentado, el proyecto agarró viento en la camiseta after a shaky start the project really took off♦ vi¡agarra de la cuerda! grab the rope!2. [tinte] to take3. [planta] to take root4. [ruedas] to grip5. [clavo] to go in;el tornillo no ha agarrado the screw hasn't gone in properlyagarró para la izquierda he took a left;RP Famagarrar para el lado de los tomates to get hold of the wrong end of the stick7. [tomar costumbre]agarrarle a alguien por: le agarró por el baile she took it into her head to take up dancing;le agarró por cantar en medio de la clase he got it into his head to start singing in the middle of the class;le agarró por no tomar alcohol she suddenly started not drinking alcohol;¿está aprendiendo ruso? – sí, le agarró por ahí is she learning Russian? – yes, that's her latest mad idea8. CompFamagarrar y hacer algo to go and do sth;agarró y se fue she upped and went;agarró y me dio una bofetada she went and slapped me* * *I v/t1 ( asir) grab3 L.Am. ( tomar) take4 L.Am.velocidad gather, pick up5 L.Am.agarrar una calle go up o along a streetII v/i1 ( asirse) hold on2 de planta take root3 L.Am.por un lugar go;agarró y se fue he upped and went* * *agarrar vt1) : to grab, to grasp2) : to catch, to takeagarrar viel día siguiente agarró y se fue: the next day he up and left* * *agarrar vb -
47 ÉR
I) (older form es), rel. part. in old poems and in law phrases ‘es’ is suffixed to a demonstrative or interrogative word, pron. or adv., as s: sás, sús, þats, þeims, þærs; þars, þás, þegars, síðans, hveims, hvars, &c., = sá es, sú es, þar es, þá es, &c.I. used as a rel. pron., indecl., who, which, that;1) Mörðr hét maðr, er (nom.) kallaðr var gígja;grös fögr, er (acc.) hón hafði í hendi;aðra hluti þá, er (gen.) menn vildu visir verða;þann einn son, er (dat.) hann ann lítit;2) with a prep. placed at the end of the sentence;land, er hann kom frá, the land he came from;jötunn, er ór steini var höfuðit á (viz. honum), whose head was of stone;3) ellipt., the prep. being understood;ór þeim ættum, er mér þóttu fuglarnir fljúga (viz. ór), from the quarter that I thought the birds flew from;þeir hafa nú látit líf sitt, er mér þykkir eigi vert at lifa (viz. eptir), whom I think it is not worth while to outlive;4) a personal or demonstr. pron. may be added to the rel. part., er þú, er þik; er hann, er hón, er hana, er hans, er hennar, er þeim, er þeiri, er þeira, etc.;œrr ertu, Loki, er þú (who) yðra telr ljóta leiðstafi;sá maðr, er hann vill, that man who wishes;nema ein Goðrún, er hón æva grét, who never wept;ekkja heitir sú, er búandi hennar (whose husband) varð sóttdauðr;þann konung, er undir honum eru skatt-konungar, that king under whom are tributary kings;5) in the fourteenth century added to the int. pron., hverr;þat herbergi, í hverju er hann ( in which = er hann í því) hefir sitt ráð ok ræðr;II. as a conj. and adv.1) local, er, þar er, there where;hann sá á eldinum fölskann, er netit hafði brunnit, where the net had been burnt;Ó. gekk þar til, er H. lá, to the spot where H. lay;2) of time, er, þá er, when;ok er, and when;en er, but when;þar til er, until;í því er, just when;eptir (þat) er, when;þegar er, as soon as (þegar er lýsti, stóð konungr upp);síðan er, since;meðan er, while;næst er vér kómum, next when we came;þá lét í hamrinum, sem er reið gengr, as when it thunders;ok fannst þat á öllu, er hón þóttist vargefin, that she thought she was thrown away;ek em þess sæll, er okkart félag sleit, I am happy that;skyldi fara fyrst leyniliga, en þó kom þar, er allir vissu, but it came to this, that every one knew of it.* * *pl., and it, dual, spelt ier, Ó. H. 147 (twice), 205, 216 (twice), 227; [Goth. jus = ὑμεις; A. S. ge; Engl. ye, you; Germ. ihr; Swed.-Dan. I]:—ye, you. That ér and not þér is the old form is clear from the alliteration of old poems and the spelling of old MSS.: allit., ér munuð allir eiða vinna, Skv. 1. 37; it (σφώ) munut alla eiða vinna, 31; hlaðit ér jarlar eiki-köstinn, Gh. 20; lífit einir ér þátta ættar minnar, Hðm. 4; æðra óðal en ér hafit, Rm. 45 (MS. wrongly þér); ér sjáið undir stórar yðvars Græðara blæða, Lb. 44 (a poem of the beginning of the 13th century). It is often spelt so in Kb. of Sæm.; hvers bíðit ér, Hkv. 2. 4; þó þykkisk ér, Skv. 3. 36; börðusk ér bræðr ungir, Am. 93; urðu-a it glíkir, Gh. 3; ef it, id.; en ér heyrt hafit, Hým. 38; þá er ( when) ér, ye, Ls. 51; er it heim komit, Skv. 1. 42: ér knáttuð, Edda 103 (in a verse): in very old MSS. (12th century) no other form was ever used, e. g. er it, 623. 24: þat er ér ( that which ye) heyrit, 656 A. 2. 15; ér bræðr …, mínnisk ér, ye brethren, remember ye, 7; treystisk ér, 623. 32; hræðisk eigi ér, 48. In MSS. of the middle of the 13th century the old form still occurs, e. g. Ó. H., ér hafit, 52; ér skolu, 216; þegar er ér komit, so soon as ye come, 67; sem ér mynit, 119; ér hafit, 141; til hvers er ér erot, that ye are, 151; ef ér vilit heldr, 166; ér erot allir, ye are all, 193; sem ér kunnut, 196; sem ier vilit, 205; sem ér vitoð, as ye know, 165; ef ér vilit, 208; þeim er ér sendoð, those that ye sent, 211: the Heiðarv. S. (MS. of the same time)—unz ér, (Ísl. ii.) 333: ef ér þurfut, 345; er it farit, 346 (twice); allz ér erut, id.; er ér komið, as ye come, id.; en ér sex, but ye six, 347; ok ér, and ye, 361; ér hafit þrásamliga, 363; eða it feðgar, 364: Jómsvík. S.—ef ér, (Fms. xi.) 115, 123: Mork. 9, 63, 70, 98, 103, 106, passim. It even occurs now and then in Njála (Arna-Magn. 468)—ér erut, ye are, 223; hverrar liðveizlu ér þykkisk mest þurfa, 227: ér ertuð hann, Skálda 171; Farið-a ér, fare ye not, Hkr. i. (in a verse). It is still more freq. after a dental ð, t, þ; in old MSS. that give þ for ð it runs thus—vitoþ ér, hafiþ ér, skoluþ ér, meguþ er, lifiþ ér, etc., wot ye, have ye, shall ye, may ye, live ye, etc.; hence originates by way of diæresis the regular Icel. form þér, common both to old and mod. writers; vide þú, where the other forms will be explained. -
48 piede
m foota piedi on footsu due piedi suddenlystare in piedi standa piede libero at largea piedi nudi barefoot, with bare feet* * *piede s.m.1 foot*; ( zampa) paw, foot*, hoof*: il piede di un uomo, a man's foot; piede destro, sinistro, right, left foot; coi, dai piedi piatti, flat-footed (o with flat feet); piede biforcuto, cloven hoof; un dito del piede, a toe; pianta del piede, sole of the foot; salto a piedi pari, standing jump; la neve gelata scricchiolava sotto i piedi, the hard snow crunched underfoot; quella ragazza ha il piede piccolo, that girl has a small foot; avere mal di piedi, to have sore feet; camminare a piedi nudi, to walk barefoot; camminare in punta di piedi, to walk on tiptoe; gettarsi ai piedi di qlcu., to throw oneself at s.o.'s feet; mettere piede a terra, ( da cavallo) to dismount; ( da veicolo) to get off (o to alight); ( da nave) to go ashore (o to land); pestare i piedi, to stamp one's feet; pestare i piedi a qlcu., to tread on s.o.'s toes (anche fig.); pestare qlco. sotto i piedi, to stamp sthg. down; schiacciare qlco. con un piede, to stamp sthg. flat; arrampicarsi con le mani e coi piedi, to clamber (up); (fig.) ( darsi da fare con ogni mezzo) to leave no stone unturned // a piedi, on foot: corsa a piedi, footrace; soldato a piedi, foot soldier; sei andato a piedi o in automobile?, did you go on foot or by car?; ho fatto cinque miglia a piedi, I walked five miles; siamo andati a piedi fino alla chiesa, we walked as far as the church // a piede libero, free; (dir.) out (o released) on bail // dalla testa ai piedi, from head to foot: è bagnato dalla testa ai piedi, he's wet from head to foot // in piedi: cercheremo di rimetterlo in piedi, (fig.) we shall try to put him on his feet (o legs) again; devi alzarti in piedi quando entra l'insegnante, you must stand up when your teacher comes in; ho trovato solo posti in piedi, (a teatro ecc.) I could find only standing tickets; questa mattina alle 5 ero già in piedi, this morning at 5 I was already up; mio figlio non sa ancora stare in piedi, my son can't stand yet; è così ubriaco che non si regge in piedi, he is so drunk that he can't stand up; questo ragionamento non sta in piedi, this reasoning will not hold water; sono in piedi di nuovo dopo una settimana di influenza, I am on my feet again after a week of flu; sta mettendo in piedi una bella azienda, he is setting up (o starting) a good business; cadere in piedi, (fig.) to fall on one's feet4 ( parte inferiore) foot*; ( base) foot*; base: il piede di una calza, the foot of a stocking; il piede di una colonna, the foot (o base) of a column; piede di un tavolo, di una sedia, the foot of a table, of a chair; il piede di un albero, the foot of a tree // ai piedi di, at the foot of: il paese giace ai piedi della montagna, the village lies at the foot of the mountain; il gatto si accuccia sempre ai piedi del mio letto, the cat always curls up at the foot of my bed5 ( misura di lunghezza = 30,48 cm) foot*: piede cubico, cubic foot; piede quadrato, square foot; la mia camera è lunga 20 piedi, my room is 20 feet long; è alto 5 piedi, he's 5 feet (tall)7 (tip.) foot*.◆ FRASEOLOGIA: mettere un piede davanti all'altro, (fig.) to do something step by step // mettere un piede in fallo, to take a false step (anche fig.) // non ci ho mai messo piede!, I have never set foot there!; non metterò più piede in casa sua, I will never set foot in his house again // non farti mettere sotto i piedi da quell'uomo, don't let that man walk all over you // sul piede di pace, di guerra, on a peace, war footing; sul piede di parità, on an equal footing // su due piedi, at once: non posso darti una risposta così su due piedi, I can't give you a reply just like that on the spot (o without warning) // aveva le ali ai piedi, he was fleet-footed // aveva dieci schiavi ai suoi piedi, he had ten slaves at his feet // gli mancò la terra sotto i piedi, (fig.) he felt lost // levati dai piedi!, get out of the way! // mi è sempre fra i piedi, he is always in my way (o under my feet) // partire col piede sbagliato, to start off on the wrong foot // tenere i piedi per terra, to keep one's feet on the ground // andare coi piedi di piombo, to feel one's way (o to proceed very cautiously) // avere un piede nella tomba, to have one foot in the grave // darsi la zappa sui piedi, to cut one's own throat // fare qlco. coi piedi, to do sthg. in slapdash fashion; ragionare con i piedi, to talk through one's hat // prendere piede, ( aver successo) to get a footing; ( guadagnare terreno) to gain ground // puntare i piedi, (fig.) to put one's foot down (o to dig in one's heels) // rimanere a piedi to have to go on foot; ( restare in asso) to be left in the lurch // tenere il piede in due staffe, scarpe, to run with the hare and hunt with the hounds (o to serve two masters).* * *['pjɛde]sostantivo maschile1) foot*essere a -i nudi — to be barefooted, to have bare feet
sono venuto a -i — I came on foot, I walked
essere ai -i di qcn. — to be at sb.'s feet (anche fig.)
dalla testa ai -i, da capo a -i — from head to foot
ai -i di — at the foot of [montagna, albero, letto]
3) (unità di misura; in metrica) foot*4) in piedi"in -i! " — "stand up!"
saltare o balzare in -i to leap o jump to one's feet; stare in -i [ persona] to stand; [ ragionamento] to hold up; rimasero in -i solo poche case — only a few houses were left standing
•piede di mosca — tip. paragraph (mark)
••così su due -i, non saprei — offhand, I don't know
mettere in -i qcs. — to set sth. up
rimettere qcs. in -i — to get sth. back on its feet again
prendere piede — to take off, to catch on
stare coi o tenere i -i per terra to keep both o one's feet on the ground; tornare con i -i per terra to come down to earth; andarci con i -i di piombo to tread carefully o warily; cadere in -i to fall o land on one's feet; mettere i -i in testa a qcn. to walk over sb.; tenere il piede in due staffe o scarpe to have a foot in both camps; puntare i -i to dig in one's heel; fare qcs. con i -i to do sth. in a slapdash way; ragionare con i -i to reason like a fool; partire col piede giusto, sbagliato to get off on the right, wrong foot; alzarsi con il piede sinistro to get out of bed on the wrong side; far mancare la terra sotto i -i a qcn. to cut the ground o rug out from under sb.'s feet; a piede libero at large; togliti o levati dai -i! go take a running jump! get out of my way! stare tra i -i a qcn. to be o get under sb.'s feet; avere il morale sotto i -i to be an all-time low; lasciare qcn. a -i — to leave sb. stranded
* * *piede/'pjεde/ ⇒ 4, 21sostantivo m.1 foot*; essere a -i nudi to be barefooted, to have bare feet; avere male ai -i to be footsore; sono venuto a -i I came on foot, I walked; raggiungibile a -i within walking distance; essere ai -i di qcn. to be at sb.'s feet (anche fig.); dalla testa ai -i, da capo a -i from head to foot; non ho mai messo piede in casa sua I've never set foot in her house; sta attento a dove metti i -i watch your step; in punta di -i on tiptoe2 (parte inferiore) ai -i di at the foot of [montagna, albero, letto]3 (unità di misura; in metrica) foot*; un palo alto 40 -i a forty foot pole4 in piedi "in -i! " "stand up!"; siamo rimasti in -i tutta la notte we were up all night; lo aiutai ad alzarsi in -i I helped him to his feet; saltare o balzare in -i to leap o jump to one's feet; stare in -i [ persona] to stand; [ ragionamento] to hold up; rimasero in -i solo poche case only a few houses were left standingsu due -i off the top of one's head; così su due -i, non saprei offhand, I don't know; mettere in -i qcs. to set sth. up; rimettere qcs. in -i to get sth. back on its feet again; prendere piede to take off, to catch on; stare coi o tenere i -i per terra to keep both o one's feet on the ground; tornare con i -i per terra to come down to earth; andarci con i -i di piombo to tread carefully o warily; cadere in -i to fall o land on one's feet; mettere i -i in testa a qcn. to walk over sb.; tenere il piede in due staffe o scarpe to have a foot in both camps; puntare i -i to dig in one's heel; fare qcs. con i -i to do sth. in a slapdash way; ragionare con i -i to reason like a fool; partire col piede giusto, sbagliato to get off on the right, wrong foot; alzarsi con il piede sinistro to get out of bed on the wrong side; far mancare la terra sotto i -i a qcn. to cut the ground o rug out from under sb.'s feet; a piede libero at large; togliti o levati dai -i! go take a running jump! get out of my way! stare tra i -i a qcn. to be o get under sb.'s feet; avere il morale sotto i -i to be an all-time low; lasciare qcn. a -i to leave sb. stranded\piede d'atleta athlete's foot; piede equino club foot; piede di mosca tip. paragraph (mark); piede di porco crowbar; - i piatti flat feet. -
49 ὅπως
ὅπως, [dialect] Ep. also and [dialect] Aeol. [full] ὅππως, [dialect] Ion. [full] ὅκως, [dialect] Dor. [full] ὁπῶς acc. to A.D.Adv.173.11: correlat. to ὡς and πῶς.A ADV. OF MANNER, Relat. as, in such manner as, and with interrog. force how, in what manner, rarely indef., v. infr. A. V.B FINAL CONJUNCTION, in such a manner that, in order that.A ADV. OF MANNER, how, as:1 with the ordinary Constr. of the Relat.:a with ind.,ἦ τοι νόστον, ὅπως φρεσὶ σῇσι μενοινᾷς, ὥς τοι Ζεὺς τελέσειεν Od.15.111
;οὕτως ὅ... S.Tr. 330
;ὧδ' ὅ. Id.El. 1301
;οὕτως ὅ. δύνανται Th.7.67
: sts. an analogous word replaces the antec. Adv., με τοῖον ἔθηκεν, ὅπως (for οἷον)ἐθέλει Od.16.208
: freq. without any antec. expressed, ἔλθοι ὅ... ἐθέλω (sc. αὐτὸν ἐλθεῖν) 14.172 ;ἔρξον ὅ. ἐθέλεις Il.4.37
, Od.13.145 ;χρῶ ὅ. βούλει X.Cyr.8.3.46
; ποίει ὅ. ἄριστόν σοι δοκεῖ εἶναι ib.4.5.50 ; ὅ. ἔχω as I am, on the spot, S. Ph. 819.b with [tense] fut. ind., esp. after Verbs of seeing, providing, taking care.., in the manner in which, how, that,οἱ Περσικοὶ νόμοι ἐπιμέλονται ὅπως μὴ τοιοῦτοι ἔσονται οἱ πολῖται X.Cyr.1.2.3
; ; .ά, cf. Pl.Ap. 29e ; ;τοῦτο μηχανᾶσθαι ὅπως ἀποφεύξεται πᾶν ποιῶν θάνατον Pl.Ap. 39a
;τούτου στοχαζόμενοι, ὅπως.. ἔσονται Id.Grg. 502e
(cf. infr.111.1 b, etc.): this [tense] fut. ind. may become opt. after a historical tense,ἐπεμελεῖτο ὅπως μήτε ἄσιτοι μήτε ἄποτοί ποτε ἔσοιντο X.Cyr.8.1.43
, cf. HG7.5.3, Cyr.8.1.10, Oec.7.5, Ages.2.8 ; and ὅπως is freq. used interchangeably with such forms as δι' ὧν, ὅτῳ τρόπῳ, etc.,εἰσηγοῦνται μὴ δι' ὧν.. ἀσκήσουσιν, ἀλλ' ὅπως.. δόξουσι Isoc.1.4
, cf. Th.6.11: this sense easily passes into a final sense, so that,τοῦτο ἀπόβαλε οὕτω ὅκως μηκέτι ἥξει Hdt.3.40
; οὕτω δ' (sc. ποίει) , cf. Ar.Ra. 905, X.Cyr.4.5.25, HG 2.4.17 ; v. infr. B.2 with ἄν ([dialect] Ep. κε ) and subj. in indefinite sentences, in whatever way, just as, however,ὅππως κεν ἐθέλῃσιν Il.20.243
(but ὅπως ἐθέλῃσιν (without κε) Od.1.349, 6.189) ;οὕτως ὅκως ἂν καὶ δυνώμεθα Hdt.8.143
;οὕτως ὅπως ἂν αὐτοὶ βούλωνται X.Cyr.1.1.2
, cf. IG22.1.13 (v B. C.), Pl.Phd. 116a, Smp. 174b, etc.b with opt. after historical tenses,οὕτως ὅ. τύχοιεν Th.8.95
;ὅ. βούλοιντο X.HG 2.3.13
; in a gnomic statement,εἰκῇ κράτιστον ζῆν ὅ. δύναιτό τις S. OT 979
: when ἄν appears with the opt., it belongs to the Verb and not to ὅπως, ὅ. ἄν τις ὀνομάσαι τοῦτο however one might think fit to call it, D.13.4.3 a very common phrase is οὐκ ἔστιν ὅ. ( οὐκ ἔσθ' ὅπως ) there is no way in which.., it cannot be that,οὐκ ἔστι ὅκως κοτὲ σοὺς δέξονται λόγους Hdt.7.102
, cf. Ar.Pl.18, D.18.208, al.; so οὐκ ἔστιν ὅ. οὐ, fieri non potest quin,οὐκ ἔσθ' ὅ. οὐ πιστὸν ἐξ ὑμῶν πτερὸν ἐξήγαγ' S.OC97
, cf. Ar.Ach. 116, Eq. 426, Th. 882, Pl.Ap. 27e ; οὐδαμῶς ὅ. οὐ, in answer, it must positively be so, Id.Tht. 160d ; so alsoοὐκ ἂν γένοιτο τοῦθ' ὅ... οὐ φανῶ S.OT 1058
; οὐ γὰρ γένοιτ' ἄν, ταῦθ' ὅ. οὐχ ὧδ' ἔχειν (anacoluth. for ἔχει or ἕξει) Id.Aj. 378 : so in questions, ἔσθ' ὅ... ἔλθωμεν; Ar.V. 471 (v.l. -οιμεν) ; ἔστιν οὖν ὅ. ὁ τοιοῦτος φιλοσοφήσει; Pl.R. 495a, cf. Phdr. 262b, Tht. 154c : so, besides ind. of all tenses, οὐκ ἔσθ' ὅ. may be folld. by opt. withἄν, οὐ γάρ ἐσθ' ὅπως μί' ἡμέρα γένοιτ' ἂν ἡμέραι δύο Ar.Nu. 1181
, cf. V. 212, Isoc.12.156, Pl.La. 184c: by ind. withἄν, οὐκ ἔστιν ὅπως ἂν.. κατέστησαν Isoc. 15.206
, cf. D.33.28 : ἄν is omitted inοὐκ ἔσθ' ὅπως λέξαιμι A.Ag. 620
, cf. E.Alc.52, Ar.V. 471 (v.l. ἔλθωμεν).4 in Trag., etc., like ὡς in comparisons, ;γῄτης ὅπως S.Tr.32
, cf. 442, 683 ;ὅπως δρῦν ὑλοτόμοι σχίζουσι κάρα Id.El.98
(anap.) ; ὅπως ἁ πάνδυρτος ἀηδών ib. 1076 (lyr.), cf. Ph. 777, E.Andr. 1140 ;ὅκως τις καλλίης κάτω κύπτων Herod.3.41
; so in [dialect] Locr. Prose,ὅπω (ς) ξένον IG9(1).334.2
(V B.C.).5 like ὡς or ὅτι, with [comp] Sup. of Advs.,ὅ. ἄριστα A.Ag. 600
, IG12.44.8, etc.; ὅ. ἀνωτάτω as high up as possible, Ar. Pax 207 ; in full, οὕτως ὅ. ἥδιστα (sc. ἔχει) S.Tr. 330.6 with a gen. added, σοῦσθε ὅ. ποδῶν run as you are off for feet, i. e. as quick as you can, A.Supp. 837 (lyr., where however < ἔχετε> shd. prob. be added); v. infr. 111.10, ἔχω (A) B. 11.2b.7 sts. of Time, when,Τρῶες.. ὅπως ἴδον αἷμ' Ὀδυσῆος.., ἐπ' αὐτῷ πάντες ἔβησαν Il.11.459
, cf. 12.208, Od.3.373: freq. in Hdt. with opt., whenever, , cf. 68, 100, 162, 186, 2.13, 174, al.: in Trag. and Com., A.Pers. 198, S.El. 749, Tr. 765, Ar.Nu. 60 : with [comp] Sup. of Advs.,ὅ. πρῶτα
as soon as,Hes.
Th. 156 ;ὅ. ὤκιστα Thgn.427
;ὅ. τάχιστα A.Pr. 230
.8 of Place, where, dub. in Herod.3.75.II ὅπως is sts. used to introduce the substance of a statement, after Verbs of saying, thinking, or perceiving, that, how,λόγῳ ἀνάπεισον ὅκως.. Hdt.1.37
;οὐδὲ φήσω ὅκως.. Id.2.49
, cf. 3.115, 116 ;τοῦτ' αὐτὸ μή μοι φράζ', ὅπως οὐκ εἶ κακός S.OT 548
, cf. Ant. 223, Pl.Euthd. 296e ; after ἐλπίζειν, S.El. 963, E.Heracl. 1051 ; after Verbs of emotion, ἐμοὶ δ' ἄχος.., ὅπως δὴ δηρὸν ἀποίχεται grief is mine, when I think how.. (i. e. that..), Od.4.109, cf. S.Ph. 169 (lyr.); after θαυμάζω freq. in [dialect] Att.,θαυμάζω ὅ. ποτὲ ἐπείσθησαν Ἀθηναῖοι X.Mem.1.1.20
, cf. Pl.Cri. 43a.2 οὐχ ὅ... ἀλλὰ or ἀλλὰ καὶ.. is not only not.. but.., and is expld. by an ellipsis of λέγω or ἐρῶ (cf. ὅτι IV), οὐχ ὅ. κωλυταὶ.. γενήσεσθε, ἀλλὰ καὶ.. δύναμιν προσλαβεῖν περιόψεσθε not only will you not become.., but you will also.., Th.1.35, cf. X.HG5.4.34, D.6.9 ;οὐχ ὅ. ὑμῖν τῶν αὑτοῦ τι ἐπέδωκεν, ἀλλὰ τῶν ὑμετέρων πολλὰ ὑφῄρηται Lys.30.26
;οὐχ ὅ. τούτων χάριν ἀπέδοσαν, ἀλλ' ἀπολιπόντες ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν Λακεδαιμονίων συμμαχίαν εἰσῆλθον Isoc.14.27
, cf. D.18.131, 53.13 ;οὐ γὰρ ὅπως.., ἀλλὰ καὶ.. Id.21.11
;οὔκουν ὅπως.., ἀλλὰ.. X.Cyr.8.2.12
; alsoοὐχ ὅ..., ἀλλ' οὐδέ.., οὐχ ὅ. ἀδικοῦντες, ἀλλ' οὐδ' ἐπιδημοῦντες ἐφυγαδευόμεθα Id.HG2.4.14
;οὐχ ὅ. τῆς κοινῆς ἐλευθερίας μετέχομεν, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ δουλείας μετρίας τυχεῖν ἠξιώθημεν Isoc.14.5
;διμοιρίαν λαμβάνων ἐν ταῖς θοίναις οὐχ ὅπως ἀμφοτέραις ἐχρῆτο, ἀλλὰ διαπέμπων οὐδετέραν αὑτῷ κατέλειπε X.Ages.5.1
;οὐχ ὅ. ζημιοῦν, ἀλλὰ μηδ' ἀτιμάζειν.. Th.3.42
: so sts. μὴ ὅ. (where an imper. must be supplied), μὴ ὅ. ὀρχεῖσθαι ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ὀρθοῦσθαι ἐδύνασθε do not think that you could dance = so far from being able to dance, X.Cyr.1.3.10.b οὐχ ὅ. rarely follows another clause, to say nothing of.., let alone..,πεπαύμεθ' ἡμεῖς, οὐχ ὅ. σε παύσομεν S.El. 796
; μηδ' ἐμπίδα, οὐχ ὅπως ταῦρον ἔτι ἄρασθαι δυνάμενος.. let alone a bull, Luc.Cont.8, cf. Prom.8, Pr.Im.7, Pisc. 31.1 with ind.,aἔσπετε νῦν μοι ὅππως δὴ.. πῦρ ἔμπεσε νηυσίν Il.16.113
;εἴπ' ἄγε μ'.. ὅππως τούσδ' ἵππους λάβετον 10.545
;εὖ μοι κατάλεξον ὅπως ἤντησας Od.3.97
;ὅπως ἠφανίσθη οὐδὲ λόγῳ εἰκότι δύνανται ἀποφαίνειν Antipho 5.26
;Ἀλκιβιάδης ἀνήχθη.. ἐπὶ κατασκοπὴν.. τοῦ οἴκαδε κατάπλου ὅπως ἡ πόλις πρὸς αὐτὸν ἔχοι X.HG1.4.11
; , etc.b notably [tense] fut. after Verbs of deliberation (like the subj., v. infr. 2), ; φράζευ ὅπως Δαναοῖσιν ἀλεξήσεις κακὸν ἦμαρ (v.l. ἀλεξήσῃς) 9.251, cf. Od.13.376, 386, 19.557, 20.29,39.2 with deliberative subj. after Verbs of deliberation, taking care, and the like ,λεύσσει ὅπως ὄχ' ἄριστα.. γένηται Il.3.110
; ἐνόησεν (gnomic [tense] aor.)ὅππως κέρδος ἔῃ 10.225
;ἀλλ' ἄγεθ' ἡμεῖς οἵδε περιφραζώμεθα πάντες νόστον ὅπως ἔλθῃσι Od.1.77
, cf. 13.365 ;οὐκ οἶδ' ὅπως.. φῶ S.OT 1367
, cf. Aj. 428, Lys.8.5, Pl.Men. 91d ;ἐπιμελητέον ὅπως τρέφωνται οἱ ἵπποι X.Eq.Mag.1.3
, cf. Oec.7.36,37,9.14, 15.1, Pl.Grg. 515c.—Sts. the [tense] fut. and subj. are conjoined without difference of meaning,ἐπράττετο γὰρ.., πρῶτον μὲν ὅπως μὴ περιμείνητε.., δεύτερον δὲ ὅπως ψηφιε̄σθε.., τρίτον δὲ ὅπως μὴ ἔσται Aeschin.3.65
, cf. X. Ages.7.7, Mem.2.2.10.—On ὅπως ἄν (κεν), v. infr. 5.3 with opt. after tenses of past time, τῶν ἀδῄλων ὅπως ἀποβήσοιτο ib.1.3.2, etc.: after Verbs of deliberation, being virtually orat. obliq., μερμήριξε.. Ἥρη ὅπως ἐξαπάφοιτο (orat. rect. πῶς ἐξαπάφωμαι;) Il.14.160 ;μερμήριζεν ὅπως ἀπολοίατο πᾶσαι νῆες Od.9.554
, cf. 420 ;οὐ γὰρ εἴχομεν.. ὅπως δρῶντες καλῶς πράξαιμεν S.Ant. 271
; , cf. 13.32, X.Cyr.6.2.11.4 with opt. and ἄν freq. expressing a wish, which in orat. rect. would be expressed byπῶς ἄν, σκόπει ὅ. ἂν ἀποθάνοιμεν ἀνδρικώτατα Ar.Eq.81
(v.l. ἀποθάνωμεν), cf. Nu. 760 ;βουλευόμενοι ὅ. ἂν τὴν ἡγεμονίαν λάβοιεν τῆς Ἑλλάδος X.HG7.1.33
, cf. Cyr.2.1.4 ; τῶν ἄλλων ἐπιμελεῖται ὅ. ἂν θηρῷεν (v.l. -ῶσιν) ib.1.2.10: the opt. with ἄν and subj. sts. appear in consecutive clauses, Id.HG3.2.1.5 ὅπως ἄν (κεν) with the subj. is used after imper. or inf. used as imper., ;φράζεσθαι.., ὅππως κε μνηστῆρας.. κτείνῃς 1.295
;σκοπεῖτε.., ὅ. ἂν ὑμῖν πρᾶγος εὖ νικᾷ τόδε A.Supp. 233
, etc.;φύλασσε.. ἔπειθ' ὅ. ἂν.. ἡ χάρις.. ἐξ ἁπλῆς διπλῆ φανῇ S.Tr. 618
, cf. E.IA 539 : in Prose,ἐπιμεληθῆναι ὅ. ἂν.. X.Cyr.8.3.6
, cf. Pl.Prt. 326a;μηχανᾶσθαι Id.Phdr. 239b
, Grg. 481a, cf. Ar.Eq. 917.6 rarely c. inf.,ἐπιμελήθητε προθύμως ὅπως διπλάσια.. σῖτα καὶ ποτὰ παρασκευασθῆναι X.Cyr.4.2.37
(v.l. -εσκευασμένα ᾖ), cf. Oec.7.29, HG6.2.32; so later ὅπως παρακολουθῆμεν ([dialect] Dor. inf.) Supp.Epigr.1.170.18 (cf. p.138, Delph., ii B. C.); ὅπως.. ἔχειν, ὅπως.. εἴργεσθαι, D.S.20.4,85;ὅπως πέμπιν PTeb.315.30
(ii A. D.).7 after Verbs of fear and caution, ὅπως and ὅπως μή are used with [tense] fut. ind. or [tense] aor. subj. :— the readings are freq. uncertain: the following (among others) are made certain either by the metre or the form,a with [tense] fut. ind.,δέδοιχ' ὅπως μὴ τεύξομαι Ar.Eq. 112
;παντὶ λόγῳ ἀντιτείνετε εὐλαβούμενοι ὅπως μὴ.. οἰχήσομαι Pl.Phd. 91c
;φόβος.. ἔστιν.. ὅπως μὴ αὖθις διασχισθησόμεθα Id.Smp. 193a
: sts. the preceding Verb is omitted,ὅπως μὴ οὐκ.. ἔσομαι Id.Men. 77a
.b with [tense] aor. subj.,τὴν θεὸν δ' ὅ. λάθω δέδοικα E.IT 995
;φυλάττου, ὅ. μὴ εἰς τοὐναντίον ἔλθῃς X.Mem.3.6.16
: rarely with [tense] pres.,οὐ φοβεῖ ὅ. μὴ ἀνόσιον πρᾶγμα τυγχάνῃς πράττων Pl.Euthphr.4e
: sts. the preceding Verb is omitted, with [tense] aor. subj.,ὅκως μή τι ὑμῖν πανώλεθρον κακὸν ἐς τὴν χώρην ἐσβάλωσι Hdt.6.85
: with [tense] pres. subj.,ὅπως μὴ.. ᾖ τοῦτο Pl.Cra. 430d
.c with opt. representing subj. after a historical tense, X. Mem.2.9.3.8 this Constr. is used in admonitions or commands: in the orig. Constr. a Verb implying caution or circumspection precedes,ὅρα ὅκως μή σευ ἀποστήσονται Πέρσαι Hdt.3.36
;ἄθρει.. ὅπως μὴ ἐκδύσεται Ar.V. 141
; τηρώμεσθ' ὅπως μὴ.. αἰσθήσεται ib. 372 : but this came to be omitted, and ὅπως or ὅπως μή with [tense] fut. ind. or [tense] aor. subj. are exactly = the imper.,ἔμβα χὤπως ἀρεῖς Id.Ra. 378
(lyr.): most freq. with [tense] fut. ind., ὅκως λόγον δώσεις τῶν μετεχείρισας χρημάτων, = δίδου λόγον, Hdt.3.142 ; ὅπως παρέσει μοι, = πάρισθι, Ar.Av. 131 ;ὅπως πετήσει Id. Pax77
, cf. X.An.1.7.3, Lys.1.21, 12.50, Pl.Grg. 489a, etc.: rarely with I pers.,ὁποῖα κισσὸς δρυός, ὅπως τῆσδ' ἕξομαι E.Hec. 398
, cf. Ar.Ec. 297 (lyr.): very rarely with [tense] aor. subj.,ὅπως μή τι ἡμᾶς σφήλῃ Pl.Euthd. 296a
codd.;ὅπως μὴ.. ἐξαπατήσῃ Id.Prt. 313c
;ὅπως μὴ ποιήσητε D.4.20
codd.—The codd. freq. vary, as between διδάξεις and ; τιμωρήσονται and- ωνται Th.1.56
; πράξομεν and - ωμεν ib.82 ; θορυβήσει and- σῃ D.13.14
, etc.—Since the [tense] fut. is frequently, and the [tense] aor. (whether 1 or 2) rarely guaranteed by metre or form, the [tense] aor. 1 forms shd. prob. be rejected, both in signf. 7 and 8, in cases where codd. vary.9 as the echo to a preceding πῶς; in dialogue, A καὶ πῶς; B ὅπως; [do you ask] how? Ar. Eq. 128; A πῶς με χρὴ καλεῖν; B ὅπως; Id.Nu. 677, cf. Pl. 139.IV in direct questions, how? ἔπραξας ὅπως; Jul.Ep.82p.106B.-C.; cf. ὅστις.V indef., anyhow, τὸ οὐδ' ὅ. the expression 'not at all', Pl.Tht. 183b (v.l. οὐδ' οὕτως).B FINAL CONJUNCTION, that, in order that, the original notion of modality being merged in that of purpose or design, cf. ἵνα, with which it is sts. interchanged, Antipho 1.23 and 24, And.3.14, Lycurg. 119 sq.:—in early [dialect] Att. Inscrr. only ὅπως ἄν is used, IG12.39.19, al. ; ὅπως without ἄν only once in cent. iv B. C., ib.22.226.42 (343 B.C.), after which it becomes gradually prevalent:1 with subj.,a after primary tenses, or after subj. or imper.,τὸν δὲ μνηστῆρες.. λοχῶσιν, ὅπως ἀπὸ φῦλον ὄληται Od.14.181
, cf. A.Ch. 873, S.Ph. 238, El. 457, X.Mem.2.10.2, etc.b after historical tenses (v.ἵνα B. 1.1b
), when there is no [tense] pf. form, or when the [tense] aor. represents the [tense] pf., ξυνελέγημεν ἐνθάδε, ὅ. προμελετήσωμεν we were convened, i. e. we have met in assembly, Ar.Ec. 117 ;παρήλθομεν.., ὅπως μὴ χεῖρον βουλεύσησθε Th.1.73
; also when the occurrence purposed is regarded from the point of view of the person purposing, ἦλθον πρεσβευσόμενοι, ὅπως μὴ σφίσι.. τὸ αὐτῶν [ναυτικὸν] ἐμπόδιον γένηται ib.31, cf. 57,65, etc.: sts. the opt. and subj. appear in consecutive clauses,φρυκτοὺς παρεσκευασμένους ἐς αὐτὸ τοῦτο, ὅπως ἀσαφῆ τὰ σημεῖα.. ᾖ καὶ μὴ βοηθοῖεν Id.3.22
, cf. 6.96, 7.17.2 with opt. after historical tenses,πὰρ δέ οἱ αὐτὸς ἔστη, ὅπως.. κῆρας ἀλάλκοι Il.21.548
; more freq. in Od., as 13.319, 14.312, 18.160, 22.472; so in S.OT 1005, OC 1305, X.Cyr.1.4.25, Pl.Ti. 77e, etc.: after historical [tense] pres.,πέμπει τούσδ' ὅπως κτείνοιεν A.Pers. 450
;ἡγεμόνα πέμπει ὅπως ἄγοι X.An.4.7.19
: after opt.,ἔλθοι.. ὅ. γένοιτο A.Eu. 297
, cf. S.Aj. 1221 (lyr.).3 with ind.,a of historical tenses, where the principal clause expresses an action or obligation unfulfilled,εἴθ' εἶχε φωνὴν ἔμφρον' ἀγγέλου δίκην, ὅ. δίφροντις οὖσα μὴ 'κινυσσόμην A.Ch. 196
, cf. S.El. 1134: rare in Prose,ἐδεξάμην ἃν.. φράσαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς.., ὅ... προῄδετε And.2.21
; τίς οὐκ ἂν.. ταῦτα ἐδήλωσεν, ὅ... ταῦτα ἠλέγχθη; D.36.20;οὐκοῦν ἐχρῆν σε Πηγάσου ζεῦξαι πτερόν, ὅ. ἐφαίνου τοῖς θεοῖς τραγικώτερος Ar. Pax 135
; τί.. οὐκ ἔρριψ' ἐμαυτὴν.. ὅ. ἀπηλλάγην; A.Pr. 749.b of [tense] fut., θέλγει, ὅ. Ἰθάκης ἐπιλήσεται (= φραζομένη ὅπως ἐ.) Od.1.57, cf. Il.1.136 ;[χρὴ] ἀναβιβάζειν ἐπὶ τὸν τροχὸν τοὺς ἀπογραφέντας, ὅ. μὴ πρότερον νὺξ ἔσται And.1.43
;ἐμισθώσατο τοῦτον.., ὅ. συνερεῖ D.19.316
: sts. [tense] fut. ind. and [tense] aor. subj. are conjoined,σιγᾶθ', ὅ. μὴ πεύσεταί τις, ὦ τέκνα, γλώσσης χάριν δὲ πάντ' ἀπαγγείλῃ τάδε A. Ch. 265
.II ὅπως c. subj. is sts. used after Verbs of will and endeavour, instead of the inf.,λίσσεσθαι.. ὅ. νημερτέα εἴπῃ Od.3.19
;αἰτεῖσθαι ὅ. μὴ καταψηφίσησθε Antipho 1.12
; δεήσεται.., ὅ. δίκην μὴ δῷ ib.23 ;ὅ. μὴ ἀποθάνῃ ἠντεβόλει Lys.1.29
; παρακελεύεσθε ὑμῖναὐτοῖς ὅ... ἐξίητε Lycurg.127
( ἔξιτε Rehdantz): withἄν, δεῖταί μου σφόδρα ὅπως ἂν οἰκουρῇ Ar.Ach. 1060
, cf. Hdt.2.126, 3.44 ;διεκελεύετο ὅπως ἂν.. ἐγγράφωσί με Is.7.27
; so δεῖ σ' ὅ. δείξεις (for δεῖξαι), S.Aj. 556, may be expld. as ellipsis for δεῖ σ' ὁρᾶν (σκοπεῖν) ὅπως, cf. Id.Ph.55 ;δεῖ σ' ὅπως.. μηδὲν διοίσεις.. Cratin.108
. -
50 Mittel
Adj.; nur präd.; umg. (mäßig) (fair to) middling, so-so; in der Schule war ich nur (so) mittel I wasn’t better than average at school; sein neuester Roman ist höchstens mittel his latest novel is at best run-of-the-mill* * *das Mittel(Durchschnitt) average; mean;(Hilfsmittel) vehicle; means; remedy; resource; medium;(Medikament) medicine; cure;die Mittel* * *Mịt|tel ['mɪtl]nt -s, -1) (MATH = Durchschnitt) averagearithmetisches/geometrisches Mittel — arithmetical/geometrical mean
2) (= Mittel zum Zweck, Transportmittel etc) means sing; (= Maßnahme, Methode) way, method; (= Werbemittel, Propagandamittel, zur Verkehrsbeeinflussung) device; (= Lehrmittel) aidMittel und Wege finden — to find ways and means
Mittel zum Zweck — a means to an end
Mittel gegen die Inflation — ways of beating inflation
als letztes or äußerstes Mittel — as a last resort
zu anderen Mitteln greifen, andere Mittel anwenden — to use or employ other means or methods
ihm ist jedes Mittel recht — he will do anything (to achieve his ends)
ihm war jedes Mittel recht, dazu war ihm jedes Mittel recht — he did not care how he did it or what means he used to achieve his ends
etw mit allen Mitteln verhindern/bekämpfen — to do one's utmost or to do everything one can to prevent/oppose sth
sie hat mit allen Mitteln gekämpft, um... — she fought tooth and nail to...
4) (=Medikament kosmetisch) preparation; (MED) drug, preparation; (= Medizin) medicine; (= Putzmittel) cleaning agent; (= Fleckenmittel) spot or stain remover; (= Waschmittel) detergent; (= Haarwaschmittel) shampoowelches Mittel nimmst du? — what do you use?; (Med
ein Mittel zum Einreiben (flüssig) — something or a lotion to be rubbed in; (Salbe) an ointment to be rubbed in; (Creme) a cream to be rubbed in
das ist ein Mittel gegen meine Erkältung/Schuppen — that is for my cold/dandruff
Mittel zum Putzen — cleaning things pl or stuff
ein Mittel ( gegen Kopfschmerzen/Husten etc) verschreiben lassen — to get the doctor to prescribe something (for headaches/a cough etc)
es gibt kein Mittel gegen Schnupfen — there is no cure for the common cold
das beste Mittel für or gegen etw — the best cure or remedy for sth
5) (PHYS, CHEM = Medium) medium* * *die1) (the instrument(s), method(s) etc by which a thing is, or may be, done or made to happen: By what means can we find out?) means2) (something by or through which an effect is produced: Air is the medium through which sound is carried.) medium3) (middle or average in size, quality etc: Would you like the small, medium or large packet?) medium4) ((usually in plural) something that gives help, support etc when needed; a supply; a means: We have used up all our resources; We haven't the resources at this school for teaching handicapped children.) resource* * *Mit·tel<-s, ->[ˈmɪtl̩]ntwelches \Mittel nehmen Sie? what do you take?welches \Mittel hat der Arzt Ihnen verschrieben? what did the doctor give you?ich habe mir ein \Mittel gegen Migräne verschreiben lassen I got the doctor to prescribe me something for my migrainedas ist ein \Mittel gegen Schuppen that is for dandruffes gibt kein \Mittel gegen Schnupfen there is no cure for the common coldein \Mittel gegen Grippe a remedy [or cure] for influenzaein \Mittel gegen Schmerzen a pain relieverein schmerzstillendes \Mittel a painkiller2. (Substanz)ein \Mittel zum Entfernen von Flecken a stain removerein \Mittel gegen Insekten an insect repellentein \Mittel zur Reinigung von Teppichen a cleaning agent for carpetsein \Mittel gegen Ungeziefer a pesticide3. (Hilfsmittel) deviceein \Mittel um Wasser zu sparen a water-saving deviceein \Mittel zur Empfängnisverhütung a contraceptive deviceein rhetorisches/stilistisches \Mittel a rhetorical/stylistic devicees gibt \Mittel, das herauszufinden there are ways of finding that outer ist in der Wahl seiner \Mittel nicht zimperlich he is not fussy about what methods he choosesmit allen \Mitteln by every meanssie hat mit allen \Mitteln gekämpft, um... she fought tooth and nail to...als äußerstes [o letztes] \Mittel as a last resortStreikmaßnahmen sollten als äußerstes \Mittel angesehen werden strike action should be regarded as the last resortsie haben zum äußersten \Mittel gegriffen und ihm Hausverbot erteilt as a last resort they forbid him to enter the houseetw mit allen \Mitteln bekämpfen/zu verhindern versuchen to do one's utmost [or everything one can] to oppose/prevent sthein \Mittel haben, [um] etw zu tun to have ways [or means] of doing sthwir haben \Mittel, um ihn zum Reden zu bringen we have ways of making him talkjdm ist jedes \Mittel recht sb will go to any length[s] [or stop at nothing]kein \Mittel unversucht lassen to leave no stone unturned, to try everythingmit allen \Mitteln versuchen, etw zu tun to try one's utmost to do sth\Mittel und Wege finden to find ways and means\Mittel und Wege suchen to look for ways and meansein \Mittel zum Zweck sein to be a means to an endmeine \Mittel sind erschöpft my funds are exhaustedzum Glück verfüge ich dazu noch über ausreichende \Mittel thankfully, I've got enough funds left to cover thatvon seinen bescheidenen \Mitteln kann er kaum die Miete zahlen with his modest means he can hardly pay the rent\Mittel abstoßen FIN to liquidate resources\Mittel aufbringen/binden/kürzen FIN to raise/tie up/cut fundsbeschränkte/flüssige \Mittel FIN limited resources/liquid assetsetw aus eigenen \Mitteln bezahlen to pay for sth out of one's own resources6. (Mittelwert) averagearithmetisches/geometrisches \Mittel MATH arithmetic/geometric meangewichtetes \Mittel weighted averageim \Mittel on averageetw im \Mittel erreichen to average [at] sth* * *das; Mittels, Mittel1) means sing.; (Methode) way; method; (WerbeMittel, PropagandaMittel, zur Verkehrskontrolle) device (+ Gen. for)mit allen Mitteln versuchen, etwas zu tun — try by every means to do something
[nur] Mittel zum Zweck sein — be [just] a means to an end
Mittel und Wege suchen/finden — look for/find ways and means
2) (Arznei)ein Mittel gegen Husten/Schuppen — usw. a remedy or cure for coughs pl./dandruff sing. etc.
3) (Substanz)ein Mittel gegen Ungeziefer/Insekten — a pesticide/an insect repellent
* * *Mittel1 n; -s, -zu, um zu +inf of +ger); (Verfahren) method (for +ger), way (of +ger); (Ausweg) expedient; fig (Werkzeug) tool, device; (Waffe) weapon;als letztes Mittel, wenn alle Mittel versagen as a last resort, if all else fails;ihm ist jedes Mittel recht he’ll stop at nothing, he’ll go to any length(s);Mittel und Wege finden/suchen find/look for ways and means (zu, um zu +inf to +inf);über die Mittel verfügen(, um) zu (+inf) auch be in a position to (+inf)kein Mittel unversucht lassen try every possible means ( oder avenue), leave no stone unturned;etwas mit allen Mitteln tun go to great lengths ( oder do one’s utmost) to do sth;2. (Heilmittel) cure, remedy (ein Mittel zum Einreiben an ointment (to be rubbed in);ein Mittel gegen Kopfschmerzen/gegen Fußpilz etc something for a headache/for athlete’s foot etc;ein starkes Mittel a strong medicineein starkes Mittel (gegen) a powerful agent (against);ein Mittel gegen Schädlingsbefall a pesticide;ein Mittel zum Entfernen von Teer/Haaren a tar remover/a depilatory agentGeld aus öffentlichen/privaten Mitteln money from the public purse/from private sources, public/private money;meine Mittel erlauben es nicht it’s beyond my meansim Mittel on average;arithmetisches/geometrisches Mittel MATH arithmetic/geometric mean* * *das; Mittels, Mittel1) means sing.; (Methode) way; method; (WerbeMittel, PropagandaMittel, zur Verkehrskontrolle) device (+ Gen. for)mit allen Mitteln versuchen, etwas zu tun — try by every means to do something
[nur] Mittel zum Zweck sein — be [just] a means to an end
Mittel und Wege suchen/finden — look for/find ways and means
2) (Arznei)ein Mittel gegen Husten/Schuppen — usw. a remedy or cure for coughs pl./dandruff sing. etc.
3) (Substanz)ein Mittel gegen Ungeziefer/Insekten — a pesticide/an insect repellent
* * *- n.agency n.means n. -
51 acabado
adj.1 finished, accomplished, concluded, all through.2 washed-up, all through.3 finished, well-done, perfect.4 depleted.m.1 finishing, finish.2 polished surface.3 finishing work.past part.past participle of spanish verb: acabar.* * *1 finish————————1→ link=acabar acabar► adjetivo1 (terminado) finished; (perfecto) perfect, complete■ acabado,-a de hacer freshly made2 figurado (malparado) worn-out, spent1 finish* * *1. (f. - acabada)adj.finished, done, complete, over2. noun m.* * *1. ADJ1) (=completo) finished2) (=viejo) old, worn outestar acabado — [de salud] to be a wreck
está acabado como futbolista — he's finished as a footballer, his footballing days are over
está muy acabado — Méx he's looking very old
2.SM (Téc) finish* * *I- da adjetivoa) [estar] < trabajo> finishedb) [estar] < persona> finishedIImasculino finish* * *I- da adjetivoa) [estar] < trabajo> finishedb) [estar] < persona> finishedIImasculino finish* * *acabado11 = finish, finishing, surfacing.Ex: The intention was to make the interior finish as flexible and adaptable as possible.
Ex: An enquirer wishes to retrieve documents on the ' finishing of concrete floors for industrial buildings'.Ex: The finishing or final surfacing of ordinary printing papers took place in the calender of the paper-making machine, when they were said to be machine-finished.* acabado a máquina = machine-finished.* acabado de lujo = luxury appointment.* acabado mate = matte finish.* dar un nuevo acabado = refinish.acabado22 = finished, spent.Ex: For storytelling and reading aloud are performance arts: They involve a script (even when the words are improvised on the spot), an interpreter (the teller or reader), and an audience, and as in all performances, the audience plays a part in molding the finished work.
Ex: If you repeatedly deadhead - trim off the spent flowers - the plant goes into overdrive.* acabado en meseta = flat-topped.* acabado en punta = pointed.* * *1 [ ESTAR] ‹trabajo› finishedesto tiene que estar acabado para mañana this has to finished by tomorrowson todos productos muy bien acabados they are all well-finished products2 [ ESTAR] ‹persona› finishedpolíticamente está acabado politically, he's finishedfinishfotos con acabado mate/satinado photos with a matt/satin finish* * *
Del verbo acabar: ( conjugate acabar)
acabado es:
el participio
Multiple Entries:
acabado
acabar
acabado 1◊ -da adjetivo [estar]
acabado 2 sustantivo masculino
finish
acabar ( conjugate acabar) verbo intransitivo
1
[ persona] to finish;
[ novios] to split up;
(+ compl)
ese chico va a acabado mal that boy will come to no good;
la película acabó bien the movie had a happy ending;
acabadoán aceptándolo o por aceptarlo they'll end up accepting it;
acabado de algo to end up as sth;
acabó de camarero he ended up (working) as a waiterc) ( rematar) acabado en algo to end in sth
2
‹con bombones/bebidas› to finish off sth;
‹con salud/carrera› to ruin sth;
‹con sueldo/herencia› to fritter away sth;
‹con abuso/problema› to put an end to sthb) (fam) acabado con algn ( pelearse) to finish with sb;
( matar) to do away with sb (colloq);
3
acababa de meterme en la cama cuando … I had just got into bed when …c) ( llegar a):
no acababa de gustarle she wasn't totally happy about it
verbo transitivo ‹trabajo/libro› to finish;
‹curso/carrera› to finish, complete
acabarse verbo pronominal
1 ( terminarse) [provisiones/comida] to run out;
[ problema] to be over;
[reunión/fiesta/curso] to end;
[ proyecto] to finish, come to an end;
[ año] to come to an end;
se le acabadoon las fuerzas he ran out of energy;
un trabajo que no se acaba nunca a never-ending o an endless task;
¡esto se acabó! that's it!
2 ( enf) ( comer) to finish (up)
acabado,-a
1 adjetivo
1 (completo, terminado) finished
2 fig (viejo, destrozado) worn-out, spent: como actriz está acabada, she is finished as actress
II sustantivo masculino finish: este escritorio tiene un acabado perfecto, this writing desk has a perfect finish to it
acabar
I verbo transitivo
1 to finish (off) ➣ Ver nota en finish 2 (completar) to complete
II verbo intransitivo
1 to finish, end: todo acabó bien, it all ended happily 2 acabar con (agotar las existencias) to finish something
figurado estás acabando con mi paciencia, I'm losing my patience with you
(romper algo) to break something
(matar) to kill: la droga está acabando con él, he's killing himself with drugs
(destruir, eliminar) to destroy something: hay que acabar con la tortura, we must get rid of torture
figurado las presiones acabaron con su carrera política, the overwhelming pressure finished off his political career 3 acabar de: acaba de llegar de Río, he's just arrived from Río
no acaba de decidirse, she hasn't made up her mind yet 4 acabar en: el partido de fútbol acabó en tragedia, the football match ended in tragedy 5 acabar por/acabar + gerundio acabé creyendo/por creer que estaba loca, I ended up thinking she was mad
' acabado' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
acabada
- colorín
- todavía
- victoria
- vivir
- mentalizar
- puntiagudo
- terminación
English:
day
- do in
- finish
- finished
- over
- satin
- sketch
- through
- up
- use up
- gloss
- gone
- matt
- pointed
* * *acabado, -a♦ adj1. [terminado] finished2. [completo] perfect, consummate3. [fracasado] finished, ruined;como ciclista está acabado he's finished as a cyclist, his career as a cyclist is over♦ nm1. [de producto] finishacabado mate matt finish;acabado satinado satin finish2. [de piso] décor* * *I adj persona finished;producto acabado finished productII m TÉC finish* * *acabado, -da adj1) : finished, done, completed2) : old, worn-outacabado nm: finishun acabado brillante: a glossy finish* * *acabado adj (terminado) finished -
52 сходить
1. сойти1. (с рд.) ( спускаться) go* / come* down (from); ( более торжественно) descend (d.); ( слезать) get* off (d.); (с трамвая и т. п.) alight (from)сходить с лестницы — go* downstairs, come* down
2.:сходить с дороги — leave* the road; ( сторониться) get* out of the way, stand* / step aside
сходить с рельсов — be derailed, run* / come* off the rails
3. (с рд.; исчезать с поверхности чего-л.) come* off (d.)4. ( миновать) pass (by)5. (за вн.) pass (for), be taken (for)♢
сходить со сцены — leave* the stage, go* off; (перен.) quit the stage; retire from the stageсойти в могилу — sink* into the grave
сходить на нет — come* to naught
сходить с ума — go* mad, to* off one's head
2. сов.сходить с ума (от) — go* crazy (with)
go*; (за тв.) (go* and) fetch (d.)сходить посмотреть — go* and see
сходить за кем-л. — go* and fetch smb.
-
53 grond
4 [bodem onder water] bottom♦voorbeelden:een stuk grond • a plot of landbraakliggende grond • waste landlaag bij de grond • 〈 figuurlijk〉 commonplace, pedestrian, triteiemand tegen de grond slaan • knock someone flattegen de grond gaan • fall down〈 figuurlijk〉 zij heeft haar bedrijf van de grond af opgebouwd • she built up her firm up from scratch2 〈 schertsend〉 een kunstenaar van de koude grond • a third-rate/would-be artist, an artist of sortsschrale/onvruchtbare grond • barren/poor soilvaste grond onder de voeten hebben • 〈 ook figuurlijk〉 be on firm/solid groundgewijde grond • consecrated groundiemand nog verder de grond in trappen • kick someone when he's downtoen de grond hem te heet onder de voeten werd • when things got too hot for him〈 figuurlijk〉 iemand/iets de grond in prijzen • praise someone/something to the skiesals aan de grond genageld staan • be rooted to the spotdoor de grond (kunnen) gaan/zinken van schaamte • not know where to put oneself for embarrassmentop de grond zitten • sit on the ground/floor〈 figuurlijk〉 iemand de grond in boren • crush someone; 〈 (ernstig) bekritiseren〉 crucify someone, tear/pull someone to pieces/shreds〈 figuurlijk〉 iemand/iets te gronde richten • ruin someone/somethingzichzelf te gronde richten • dig one's own gravegoede grond hebben iets aan te nemen • have good grounds/reason for somethingop medische gronden • for medical reasons, on medical groundsgronden aanvoeren voor • advance arguments fordie bewering mist alle grond • that assertion is without (any) foundation/is groundlessop grond van zijn huidskleur • because of/on account of his colourop grond van artikel 26 • on the basis of/by virtue of section 26op grond waarvan • on the basis of whichop grond van het feit dat … • on the basis of/by reason of the fact that …6 in de grond van de zaak • at bottom, basicallydat komt uit de grond van zijn hart • that comes from the bottom of his heart -
54 Sitzung
Sitzung f 1. COMP session; 2. MGT conference, meeting; 3. POL session • die Sitzung beenden GEN, POL adjourn, rise • eine Sitzung einberufen ADMIN call a meeting* * *f 1. < Comp> session; 2. < Mgmnt> conference, meeting; 3. < Pol> session ■ die Sitzung beenden <Geschäft, Pol> adjourn, rise ■ eine Sitzung einberufen < Verwalt> call a meeting* * *Sitzung
meeting, conference (Gericht) sitting, session, (parl.) parliamentary session (Br.);
• auf der Sitzung at the session;
• in einer Sitzung at a (one) sitting;
• in nicht öffentlicher Sitzung in chambers (camera, closed session);
• abschließende Sitzung final (tidying-up) session;
• sofort einberufene Sitzung on-the-spot meeting;
• entscheidende Sitzung field night (Br.);
• nach der Vertagung fortgesetzte Sitzung adjourned meeting;
• ganztägige Sitzung all-day meeting;
• gemeinsame Sitzung joint session (meeting);
• geschlossene Sitzung closed-door meeting;
• informelle Sitzung informal gathering;
• nächste Sitzung forthcoming session;
• öffentliche Sitzung public meeting, (Gericht) hearing in court;
• nicht öffentliche Sitzung private meeting, closed session, meeting not open to the public, (Gericht) private sitting;
• satzungsgemäße Sitzung stated meeting;
• turnusmäßige Sitzung regular session;
• vertagte Sitzung adjourned meeting;
• zwanglose Sitzung informal meeting;
• Sitzung des Aufsichtsrates meeting of the board of directors, board meeting;
• Sitzung unter Ausschluss der Öffentlichkeit closed session;
• Sitzung eines Ausschusses committee meeting;
• Sitzung der Schlangenmitgliedsstaaten snake meeting;
• Sitzung hinter verschlossenen Türen closed-door hearing;
• Sitzung des Vorstandes board-of-directors meeting;
• Sitzung abhalten to hold a meeting (conference);
• rasch aufeinander folgende Sitzungen abhalten to hold meetings at short intervals;
• jeden Freitag eine Sitzung abhalten to sit on Fridays;
• geheime Sitzung abhalten to sit in conclave;
• Sitzungen im Betriebsgelände abhalten to hold meetings on the factory floor;
• Sitzung anberaumen (ansetzen) to appoint a day (fix a date) for a meeting;
• Sitzung aufheben (beenden) to leave (vacate) the chair, to rise, to dissolve a meeting;
• Sitzung mit einem Schlusswort beenden to wind up a meeting with a short speech;
• einer Sitzung beiwohnen to summon a conference;
• Sitzung einberufen to convene (call) a meeting;
• Sitzung auf 12 Uhr einberufen (anberaumen) to fix a meeting (session) for twelve o’clock;
• zu einer Sitzung zu viel Teilnehmer einladen to overstaff a meeting;
• Sitzung für beendet erklären to declare proceedings at an end;
• Sitzung eröffnen (für eröffnet erklären) to open a meeting, (Gericht) to declare a court in session;
• in einer Sitzung das Wort haben to be in possession of the house;
• Sitzung leiten to preside at a conference, to run a meeting;
• Verhandlungsführung in einer Sitzung an sich reißen to monopolize a meeting;
• Sitzung schließen to dissolve (close) a meeting, to declare a meeting closed;
• bei einer Sitzung anwesend sein to attend (be present at) a meeting;
• an einer Sitzung teilnehmen to take part in a conference, to attend a session;
• Sitzung unterbrechen to adjourn a meeting;
• Sitzung für eine Stunde unterbrechen to recess for an hour;
• Sitzung unter Protest verlassen to leave a meeting under protest;
• Sitzung in ein Hotel verlegen to shift a meeting to a hotel;
• Angelegenheit bis zur nächsten Sitzung zurückstellen to hold over a matter until the next meeting;
• zu regelmäßigen Sitzungen zusammenkommen to meet in regular sessions;
• zu einer Sitzung zusammentreten to meet. -
55 сходити
I сх`одитисходити з дороги — to sidestep, to leave the road, to get out of the way
сходити з рейок — to run off the rails, to leave the rails, to be derailed
сходити з корабля — to land, to go ashore
2) ( підніматися) to mount, to go up; ( на гору) to ascend, to climb3) ( про небесні світила) to rise4) (про фарбу, шкіру) to come off; ( про сніг) to vanish, to melt5) ( про рослини) to sprout, to spring, to germinate, to braird6) перен., (закінчитися благополучно, безкарно) to turn out wellсходити з рук — to get away with, to escape punishment
7)сходити нанівець — to come to naught, to shrink to nullity
сходити зі сцени (залишати якусь діяльність) — to quit the stage, to retire from the stage
II сход`итисходити з розуму — to go mad, to go off one's head
( кудись) to go -
56 бег
м.1) ( движение бегом) run, runningна бегу́ — (while) running
бег трусцо́й — jogging
бег по пересечённой ме́стности — cross-country (run)
бег на ме́сте — 1) ( упражнение) running on the spot 2) ( о безрезультатной деятельности) marking time
2) ( вид лёгкой атлетики) raceбег на коро́ткие диста́нции — sprint
бег на дли́нные диста́нции — long-distance race
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57 сходить
I несов. - сходи́ть, сов. - сойти́1) (с рд.; спускаться) walk / go / come down (from); descend (d); ( слезать) get off (d)сходи́ть с ле́стницы — go downstairs, come down
2) (с рд.; выходить - из автобуса, поезда и т.п.) get (off), alight (from)сходи́ть с корабля́ — go ashore (from a ship), disembark a ship
я сойду́ на сле́дующей остано́вке — I'll get off at this stop
3) (с рд.; уклоняться, менять направление движения) leave (d)сходи́ть с доро́ги — leave the road; ( сторониться) get out of the way, stand / step aside
сходи́ть с ре́льсов — be derailed, run / come off the rails
4) (с рд.; исчезать с поверхности чего-л) come off (d)кра́ска сошла́ со стены́ — the paint came off the wall
5) ( миновать) pass (by)всё сошло́ благополу́чно — everything went off all right
6) (за вн.; быть принятым за кого-л) pass (for), be taken (for)7) ( быть более или менее удовлетворительным) be passable, be OKсойдёт! — that will do!, it's OK
••сходи́ть на нет (сужаться, уменьшаться) — lessen gradually; (о звуке, цвете - затихать, ослабляться) fade away, die out; ( постепенно иссякать) fizzle out
сходи́ть со сце́ны (утрачивать свою роль в чём-л) — quit the stage; retire from the stage
сходи́ть с ума́ — go mad / crazy, go off one's head; (от) go crazy (with)
вы с ума́ сошли́! — are you out of your mind / senses?
с ума́ сойти́ (мо́жно)!, с ума́ сойдёшь! — 1) ( о чём-л невыносимом) it's enough to drive one crazy! 2) (выражение удивления, восхищения и т.п.) it's unbelievable!, it drives you out of your mind!
не сходя́ с ме́ста — on the spot
сойти́ в моги́лу — sink into the grave
II сов.э́то сошло́ ему́ с рук — he got away with it
( пойти и вернуться) go; (за тв.) (go and) fetch (d)сходи́ть за кем-л — go and fetch smb
сходи́ть посмотре́ть — go and see
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58 maszer|ować
impf vi 1. (iść rytmicznym krokiem) to march- maszerować w szeregu to march in a column- maszerować czwórkami to march in fours- maszerować drogą/ulicami/po placu to march down the road/down the streets/around the square- maszerować w miejscu to march on the spot2. (iść) pot. to march pot.- codziennie rano Jasio maszeruje do szkoły every morning Johnny marches off to school■ maszeruj stąd! pot. run along pot., ≈ off you go pot.- maszeruj stąd do swojego pokoju! go to your room!The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > maszer|ować
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59 бег
муж.1) run(ning); race спортбарьерный бег — спорт the hurdles, hurdle race, hurdle-race, hurdling
бег на месте — running on the spot; marking time перен. ( отсутствие движения вперед)
на бегу — (while) running, at the double
2) мн. ч. бега ( скачки) the races, horse-race, running3) мн. ч. бега; устар. hiding -
60 бег
м.run, running; спорт. raceбег на месте — running on the spot; (перен.: отсутствие движения вперёд) marking time
См. также в других словарях:
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glued to the spot — rooted/glued/frozen/to the spot phrase unable to move, usually because you are afraid Martin wanted to run, but he was rooted to the spot. Thesaurus: unable to move or be movedsynonym afraid and frightenedsynonym … Useful english dictionary
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frozen to the spot — rooted/glued/frozen/to the spot phrase unable to move, usually because you are afraid Martin wanted to run, but he was rooted to the spot. Thesaurus: unable to move or be movedsynonym afraid and frightenedsynonym … Useful english dictionary
rooted to the spot — not able to move. Mary was afraid and wanted to run away, but she was rooted to the spot and watched as the building collapsed … New idioms dictionary
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