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1 THREE
neldë (the “Qenya” form olë in LT1:258 apparently did not survive into Tolkien’s later Quenya). Tolkien used neldë to illustrate the syntax of numerals “from…3 onwards”: The numeral follows the noun, which also receives any case endings, and the numeral is indeclinable: eleni neldë “three stars”, genitive elenion neldë “of three stars”. – In older usage, the noun would appear in the genitive plural, so that “three stars” would be elenion neldë (literally, three of stars) and case endings would be added to the numeral, so that genitive “of three stars” would be elenion neldëo; notice that the numeral inflects as a singular noun. –NEL, SA:neldor, VT47:11, VT48:6, VT49:45 -
2 OUR
As described in the entry WE, the 3rd person pl. pronouns distinguish plural forms from dual (depending on whether two or more persons are involved) and exclusive forms from inclusive (depending on whether the party addressed is included in “we/our”). Tolkien revised the relevant endings repeatedly. According to one late resolution described in VT49:16, the endings for exclusive “our” are –lma in the plural and –mma as a dual form, hence *aldalma “our tree” (with an “our” of at least three persons, not including the party addressed), but *aldamma “our tree = my and one other person’s tree”. The corresponding inclusive forms are –lwa (plural) and –ngwa (dual). Since the subject ending corresponding to the former is attested as “-lwe, –lve” (VT49:51), –lwa can surely also appear as *-lva, as in *omentielva “our meeting” (attested in the genitive case: omentielvo “of our meeting”, WJ:367). Hence *aldalwa/aldalva “our tree” (an “our” of at least three persons, including the party addressed), dual *aldangwa “our tree = thy and my tree”. – An independent word for plural exclusive "our" appears in VT43:19, 35: menya (also menyë modifying a plural noun). The corresponding plural inclusive form should apparently be *venya (pl. *venyë) for archaic *wenya (pl. wenyai > wenyë). The dual forms would most likely be *mentya (excl.) and *ventya (incl.); compare me, we/ve as the independent pronouns for “we” (with dual forms met, wet/*vet and dative forms *ment, * went/vent, from which the independent possessive pronouns are apparently derived by adding the adjectival ending -ya). – Notice that in an earlier conceptual phase, the forms in –mm- were plural (not as later dual) inclusive, and the forms in –lm- were plural inclusive rather than exclusive. This is why the word translated “of our meeting” appeared as omentielmo in the first edition of LotR, but was changed to omentielvo in the Second Edition. Cf. also Átaremma “our Father” as the first word of Tolkien’s translation of the Lord’s Prayer (VT43:12); this “our” is obviously meant to be plural exclusive rather than dual as it later became (according to Tolkien’s later conventions, “our Father” would be *Átarelma when a group of three or more persons addresses a party not included in “our”, in this case the Father himself). -
3 BETWEEN
1) imbi (dual imbë). This is "between" referring to a gap, space, barrier, or anything intervening between two other things, like or unlike one another. The pluralized form imbi implies "among" of several things (ancalima imbi eleni "brightest among stars"); "in the sense 'among' before plurals [imbë] is usually pluralized > imbi even when a plural noun follows". As pointed out by Patrick Wynne, imbi may also be used in the sense of "between" before two singular nouns connected by "and" (as in the example imbi Menel Cemenyë "between heaven and earth"), whereas imbë is used before dual forms, as in the examples imbë siryat "between two rivers", imbë met "between us". Elided imb' is attested in the phrase imb' illi "among all". The form imbit is said to be a "dualized form" expressing "between two things" when "these are not named" (VT47:30), apparently implying that imbit by itself means *"between the two", with no noun following. 2) enel (used for "between" = "at the central position in a row, list, series, etc. but also applied to the case of three persons" [VT47:11]. This preposition refers to the position of a thing between others of the same kind). 3) mitta- (does the final hyphen suggest that the latter form is used as prefix, somewhat like *"inter-"?) –Nam/RGEO:67, VT47:11, 30; VT43:30 -
4 EIGHT
tolto (alternative form toldo). For the syntax of numerals, see THREE. EIGHTH toltëa, toldëa. Fraction ONE EIGHTH tolosta, tosta, tolsat. –TOL1-OTH/OT, VT42:25, 31, VT48:6, 11 -
5 EIGHTEEN
toloquë; in duodecimal counting, the word nahta occurs (Note: a homophone means "bite", as noun.) For the syntax of numerals, see THREE. –VT48:21, PE14:17/VT47:42 -
6 ELEVEN
minquë. For the syntax of numerals, see THREE. Fraction ONE ELEVENTH minquesta. –MINIK-W-, LT1:260, VT48:6; unorthodox spelling "minkwe" in VT48:7, 11 -
7 ELF
quendë (a technical, generic term, seldom used in the sg; pl Quendi is the usual form; there are gender-specific forms quendu m. and quendi f., but they seem to be rare; pl. forms quendur, quendir are attested), Elda (originally generic, but later [MET] used of Elves of the Three Kindreds [Noldor, Vanyar, Teleri] only. That was at least the proper usage: Elda was the normal word for "elf" in Valinor, since all Elves there were Eldar, and quendë became a word of lore. An archaic variant of Elda was Eldo.) With generic reference, the pl. Eldar has no article and is used to eman “Elves, The Elves, All Elves”; i Eldar with the article means “the Elves” with reference to some particular individuals previously mentioned. The partitive plural Eldali “Elves, some Elves” is also attested (VT49:8). ELVES OF AMAN Amanyar (sg \#Amanya), ELVES WHO REFUSED TO JOIN IN THE WESTWARD MARCH (from Cuiviénen) Avari (sg Avar in WJ:371, VT47:13, 24; Avar or Avaro in Etym), also called Avamanyar "those who did not go to Aman, because they would not" (distinguish Úmanyar, Úamanyar, Alamanyar "those who did not in the event reach Aman", though they did join in the march from Cuiviénen; these are also called Heceldi or Ecelli, see EGLATH). See also DARK ELVES, GREEN-ELVES, GREY-ELVES, HIGH-ELVES, LIGHT-ELVES, SEA-ELVES, LITTLE ELF. Cf. also ELVENHOME Eldamar, Elendë. ELF-PEOPLE Eldalië, ELVISH Eldarinwa (adj only, pl. Eldarinwë attested in VT47:14; but "Elvish" meaning Elvish language is simply Eldarin. Properly, these words for "Elvish" apply to the Tree Kindreds only, not to all the Quendi.) Quenderin ("Elvish" referring to all the Quendi, "Quendian"; this remained a learned word) –WJ:361/KWEN(ED), MR:229 ELED, Silm:424, AB/WJ:371/Silm:65/MR:163, WJ:363, Silm:23/392, MR:415, WJ:407 -
8 FIFTEEN
lepenquë –VT48:21 (the form quailepen seems to be another, possibly experimental, word for "15" in Quenya). For the syntax of numerals, see THREE. -
9 FIVE
lempë (alternative form lemen in VT48:6). For the syntax of numerals, see THREE. GROUP OF FIVE (5 similar things) maqua (basically "hand", with 5 fingers), PAIR OF FIVES maquat (see GROUP OF TEN). For ordinals and fractions, see FIFTH. –LEP/GL:53, VT47:7, 10, 24 -
10 FOUR
canta, (prefix:) can- For the syntax of numerals, see THREE. –KANÁT, VT45:18, VT48:6 -
11 FOURTEEN
?canaquë –VT48:21 (the form listed, "kanakwe", seems to be Common Eldarin; the Quenya form could be either *canaquë or *canquë). The form quaican seems to be another, possibly experimental, word for "14" in Quenya. For the syntax of numerals, see THREE. -
12 GATHER
comya- (assemble), hosta- (collect, assemble); GATHERING (of three or more coming from different directions) yomenië (meeting) –PE17:158, MC:223, WJ:407 -
13 MEETING
(junction of the direction of two persons or groups:) omentië, (of three or more coming from different directions:) yomenië –WJ:367, 407, LotR:94 -
14 MIDDLE
(noun) endë (core, centre); MIDDLE (prob. adj) enya, endya (In Noldorin Quenya, enya would be the natural form – endya looks like Vanyarin Quenya. Cf. the name of the language itself in the two dialects, Quenya vs. Quendya.) MIDDLE-DAY \#enderë (only pl enderi is attested; for sg \#enderë cf. yestarë, mettarë, the first and the last day of the year. The "middle-days" were three days inserted between the months of yávië and quellë in the Calendar of Imladris.) MIDDLE FINGER lependë, lepenel, in children's play also called tolyo or tollo ("sticker-up", also used of middle toe), yonyo ("son, big boy", again used of middle toe as well) or hanno ("brother"). –ÉNED, cf. WJ:361, LotR:1142, VT47:10, VT47:12, 14, VT48:6 -
15 NINE
nertë (Tolkien abandoned the "Qenya" form olma, mentioned in LT1:258). For the syntax of numerals, see THREE. NINTH nertëa. For the use of nettë ("sister") to denote the ninth digit in children's play, see FOURTH FINGER. Fraction ONE NINTH neresta, nesta, nersat –NÉTER, VT48:6, VT42:25, VT47:11 -
16 NINETEEN
neterquë. For the syntax of numerals, see THREE. –VT48:21 -
17 POSSESS
harya-; POSSESSING arwa (+ genitive) (in control of) (Note: harya- is not used of one's offspring. In MR:228, Tolkien notes that "no Elf would speak of possessing children; he would say: 'three children have been added unto me', or 'are with me', or 'are in my house'.") –3AR -
18 SECOND
(2nd) attëa, in older (MET) Quenya tatya (cf. Tatyar, "the Second Ones", the Second Clan of the Elves), neuna; THE SECOND Atani (sg Atan – an Elvish name of Men, later only used of Men of the Three Houses of the Edain.) –WJ:420, VT42:25, NDEW, WJ:403 -
19 SEVEN
otso (for the syntax of numerals, see THREE). SEVENTH otsëa. Fraction ONE SEVENTH otosta, osta, otsat –OT, VT42:25, VT48:6, 11 -
20 SEVENTEEN
otoquë. For the syntax of numerals, see THREE. –VT48:21
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См. также в других словарях:
Three — (thr[=e]), a. [OE. [thorn]re, [thorn]reo, [thorn]ri, AS. [thorn]r[=i], masc., [thorn]re[ o], fem. and neut.; akin to OFries. thre, OS. thria, threa, D. drie, G. drei, OHG. dr[=i], Icel. [thorn]r[=i]r, Dan. & Sw. tre, Goth. [thorn]reis, Lith. trys … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
three — /three/, n. 1. a cardinal number, 2 plus 1. 2. a symbol for this number, as 3 or III. 3. a set of this many persons or things. 4. a playing card, die face, or half of a domino face with three pips. adj. 5. amounting to three in number. 6. three… … Universalium
three — O.E. þreo, fem. and neut. (masc. þri, þrie), from P.Gmc. *thrijiz (Cf. O.Fris. thre, M.Du., Du. drie, O.H.G. dri, Ger. drei, O.N. þrir, Dan. tre), from PIE *trejes (Cf. Skt. trayas, Avestan thri, Gk. treis … Etymology dictionary
three — S1 [θri:] number [: Old English; Origin: thrie, threo] 1.) the number 3 ▪ They ve won their last three games. ▪ We d better go. It s almost three (=three o clock) . ▪ My little sister s only three (=three years old) . 2.) in threes in groups of… … Dictionary of contemporary English
three — three; three·ling; three·pence; three·pen·ny; three·pen·ny·worth; three·fold; three·some; … English syllables
Three — Three, n. 1. The number greater by a unit than two; three units or objects. [1913 Webster] 2. A symbol representing three units, as 3 or iii. [1913 Webster] {Rule of three}. (Arith.) See under {Rule}, n. [1913 Webster] [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Three Rs — (pronounced three ars ), can refer to: * Animal testing, an abbreviation for, reduce, replace, refine * The three Rs, a widely used abbreviation for the basic elements of a primary school curriculum: reading, ’riting (writing), and ’rithmetic… … Wikipedia
three-D — adjective a three D movie, picture, etc. looks as if it has height, depth, and width: a three D backdrop effect ╾ ,three D noun uncount: They re showing the film in three D … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
three — [thrē] adj. [ME < OE threo, thrie, akin to Ger drei < IE base * trei > L tres, Gr treis, Sans tri] totaling one more than two n. 1. the cardinal number between two and four; 3; III 2. any group of three people or things 3. something… … English World dictionary
three-D — three D, 3 D [ˌθri: ˈdi:] adj a three D film or picture is made so that it appears to be three dimensional >three D n [U] ▪ a film in 3 D … Dictionary of contemporary English
three — ► CARDINAL NUMBER ▪ one more than two; 3. (Roman numeral: iii or III.) ● three parts Cf. ↑three parts DERIVATIVES threefold adjective & adverb. ORIGIN Old English … English terms dictionary
