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1 there are rumors in the air that
[dheë: a: 'ru:më:z in dhi eë: dhæt] ka fjalë se...English-Albanian dictionary > there are rumors in the air that
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2 as there are
ashtu sikurse janë -
3 there you are!
[dhë:/ dheë:ju:a:(r)] a) ja ku erdhe (më në fund)! b) ja ku e ke!, merre!well there you are then! [wel dhë:/ dheë:ju:a:(r) dhen] ja, e pe? -
4 well there you are then!
[wel dhë:/ dheë:ju:a:(r) dhen] ja, e pe?there you are! [dhë:/ dheë:ju:a:(r)] a) ja ku erdhe (më në fund)! b) ja ku e ke!, merre! -
5 were
[weë:] pt e be● were [weë:] ishim, ishit, ishinbe [bi:, bi] v. ( was, were; been) 1. jam, ekzistoj, gjendem; the days of the cowboys are no more Koha e kaubojve nuk ekziston më, ka marrë fund. 2. ndodh, ngjan, zhvillohet; the competition was last month gara u zhvillua muajin e kaluar. 3. vazhdoj të rri, qëndroj; he will be here all year ai do të qëndrojë gjithë vitin. 4. (cilësi, gjendje) jam; I am sad jam i trishtuar; he is wrong ai e ka gabim. 5. (si folje ndihmëse) a) po, jam duke; she was asking ajo po pyeste; she was asked atë e pyetën, ajo u pyet. 6. (për të shprehurtë ardhmen) do të; he is to arrive here tomorrow ai pritet të/ do të vijë nesër; for two dollars the book is yours për dy dollarë libri (dotë) bëhet yti. 7. shkoj; have you ever been to Paris? ke shkuar/qenë ndonjëherë në Paris? 8. there is, there are ka, është, janë; there is a God ka/është një Zot. 9. (me paskajore) a) duhet, jam për të; you are to be congratulated ti je për të/duhesh përgëzuar; I am to inform you duhet t'ju njoftoj; b) (qëllim) they are to be married next year ata e kanë lënë për t'u martuar vitin tjetër; c) (mundësi) the car was not to be found makina s'qe e mundur të gjendej; d) (supozim) were I to tell you sikur të të thoja; if it were to rain sikur të binte shi; e) duhet; everybody was to pay his own expenses secili duhej të paguante shpenzimet e veta; he was never to see his wife again ai nuk do ta shihte më të shoqen; at what time am I to be there? në ç'orë duhet të jem atje? f) (qëllim) ka për qëllim; the telegram was to say that he had been delayed telegrami kishte për qëllim të shpjegonte se ai qe vonuar. 10. to-be i ardhshëm; the bride to-be nusja e ardhshme; a would-be poet i vetëquajturi poet; for the time being hë për hë, njëherë për njëherë.● as it were thua se; si të thuash; be able mundem, jam në gjendje; be about to përgatitem (jam gati) të; be afraid druaj se; be back kthehem; be going to dotë; be off shkoj, nisem per; be sorry më vjen keq; më fal; be sure jam i sigurt; so be it ashtu qoftë! what's up? ç'kemi? si është puna? ç'ka ngjarë?* * *ishin -
6 History of volleyball
________________________________________William G. Morgan (1870-1942) inventor of the game of volleyball________________________________________William G. Morgan (1870-1942), who was born in the State of New York, has gone down in history as the inventor of the game of volleyball, to which he originally gave the name "Mintonette".The young Morgan carried out his undergraduate studies at the Springfield College of the YMCA (Young Men's Christian Association) where he met James Naismith who, in 1891, had invented basketball. After graduating, Morgan spent his first year at the Auburn (Maine) YMCA after which, during the summer of 1896, he moved to the YMCA at Holyoke (Massachusetts) where he became Director of Physical Education. In this role he had the opportunity to establish, develop, and direct a vast programme of exercises and sports classes for male adults.His leadership was enthusiastically accepted, and his classes grew in numbers. He came to realise that he needed a certain type of competitive recreational game in order to vary his programme. Basketball, which sport was beginning to develop, seemed to suit young people, but it was necessary to find a less violent and less intense alternative for the older members.________________________________________________________________________________In 1995, the sport of Volleyball was 100 years old!The sport originated in the United States, and is now just achieving the type of popularity in the U.S. that it has received on a global basis, where it ranks behind only soccer among participation sports.Today there are more than 46 million Americans who play volleyball. There are 800 million players worldwide who play Volleyball at least once a week.In 1895, William G. Morgan, an instructor at the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Mass., decided to blend elements of basketball, baseball, tennis, and handball to create a game for his classes of businessmen which would demand less physical contact than basketball. He created the game of Volleyball (at that time called mintonette). Morgan borrowed the net from tennis, and raised it 6 feet 6 inches above the floor, just above the average man's head.During a demonstration game, someone remarked to Morgan that the players seemed to be volleying the ball back and forth over the net, and perhaps "volleyball" would be a more descriptive name for the sport.On July 7, 1896 at Springfield College the first game of "volleyball" was played.In 1900, a special ball was designed for the sport.1900 - YMCA spread volleyball to Canada, the Orient, and the Southern Hemisphere.1905 - YMCA spread volleyball to Cuba1907 Volleyball was presented at the Playground of America convention as one of the most popular sports1909 - YMCA spread volleyball to Puerto Rico1912 - YMCA spread volleyball to Uruguay1913 - Volleyball competition held in Far Eastern Games1917 - YMCA spread volleyball to BrazilIn 1916, in the Philippines, an offensive style of passing the ball in a high trajectory to be struck by another player (the set and spike) were introduced. The Filipinos developed the "bomba" or kill, and called the hitter a "bomberino".1916 - The NCAA was invited by the YMCA to aid in editing the rules and in promoting the sport. Volleyball was added to school and college physical education and intramural programs.In 1917, the game was changed from 21 to 15 points.1919 American Expeditionary Forces distributed 16,000 volleyballs to it's troops and allies. This provided a stimulus for the growth of volleyball in foreign lands.In 1920, three hits per side and back row attack rules were instituted.In 1922, the first YMCA national championships were held in Brooklyn, NY. 27 teams from 11 states were represented.In 1928, it became clear that tournaments and rules were needed, the United States Volleyball Association (USVBA, now USA Volleyball) was formed. The first U.S. Open was staged, as the field was open to non-YMCA squads.1930's Recreational sports programs became an important part of American lifeIn 1930, the first two-man beach game was played.In 1934, the approval and recognition of national volleyball referees.In 1937, at the AAU convention in Boston, action was taken to recognize the U.S. Volleyball Association as the official national governing body in the U.S.Late 1940s Forearm pass introduced to the game (as a desperation play) Most balls played with overhand pass1946 A study of recreation in the United States showed that volleyball ranked fifth among team sports being promoted and organizedIn 1947, the Federation Internationale De Volley-Ball (FIVB) was founded in Paris.In 1948, the first two-man beach tournament was held.In 1949, the first World Championships were held in Prague, Czechoslovakia.1949 USVBA added a collegiate division, for competitive college teams. For the first ten years collegiate competition was sparse. Teams formed only through the efforts of interested students and instructors. Many teams dissolved when the interested individuals left the college. Competitive teams were scattered, with no collegiate governing bodies providing leadership in the sport.1951 - Volleyball was played by over 50 million people each year in over 60 countries1955 - Pan American Games included volleyball1957 - The International Olympic Committee (IOC) designated volleyball as an Olympic team sport, to be included in the 1964 Olympic Games.1959 - International University Sports Federation (FISU) held the first University Games in Turin, Italy. Volleyball was one of the eight competitions held.1960 Seven midwestern institutions formed the Midwest Intercollegiate Volleyball Association (MIVA)1964Southern California Intercollegiate Volleyball Association (SCVIA) was formed in California1960's new techniques added to the game included - the soft spike (dink), forearm pass (bump), blocking across the net, and defensive diving and rolling.In 1964, Volleyball was introduced to the Olympic Games in Tokyo.The Japanese volleyball used in the 1964 Olympics, consisted of a rubber carcass with leather panelling. A similarly constructed ball is used in most modern competition.In 1965, the California Beach Volleyball Association (CBVA) was formed.1968 National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) made volleyball their fifteenth competitive sport.1969 The Executive Committee of the NCAA proposed addition of volleyball to its program.In 1974, the World Championships in Mexico were telecast in Japan.In 1975, the US National Women's team began a year-round training regime in Pasadena, Texas (moved to Colorado Springs in 1979, Coto de Caza and Fountain Valley, CA in 1980, and San Diego, CA in 1985).In 1977, the US National Men's team began a year-round training regime in Dayton, Ohio (moved to San Diego, CA in 1981).In 1983, the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) was formed.In 1984, the US won their first medals at the Olympics in Los Angeles. The Men won the Gold, and the Women the Silver.In 1986, the Women's Professional Volleyball Association (WPVA) was formed.In 1987, the FIVB added a Beach Volleyball World Championship Series.In 1988, the US Men repeated the Gold in the Olympics in Korea.In 1989, the FIVB Sports Aid Program was created.In 1990, the World League was created.In 1992, the Four Person Pro Beach League was started in the United States.In 1994, Volleyball World Wide, created.In 1995, the sport of Volleyball was 100 years old!In 1996, 2-person beach volleyball was added to the OlympicsThere is a good book, "Volleyball Centennial: The First 100 Years", available on the history of the sport.________________________________________Copyright (c)Volleyball World WideVolleyball World Wide on the Computer Internet/WWWhttp://www.Volleyball.ORG/ -
7 where
-conj 1 . ku; the country where he was born vendi ku ka lindur. 2. aty ku; këtu ku; that's where you're wrong! ja, këtu e ke gabim! from where I'm standing prej këtu ku jam; where there are trees aty ku ka pemë. 3. ndërkohë që; she left where she could have waited for him ajo u largua, ndërkohë që mund ta kishte pritur.-n. çfarë vendi; vend; where do you come from? nga ç'vend vini? I'd like to know the when and the where of it do të doja të dija kohën dhe vendin e kësaj ngjarjeje.● whereabout ( s) ['werëbaut(s)] adv., conj.,n. -adv., conj. ku; afër clit vend; whereabouts did she put it? ku të shkretën e vuri? /-n. vendndodhje; his whereabouts are unknown askush nuk ia di vendndodhjen● whereby [hweë:'bai /weë:'bai] adv., conj. përmes së cilës, me anën e të cilit; there is no other way whereby they can be saved s'ka tjetër mënyrë për t'i shpëtuar● wherefore ['hweë:fo: /weë:fo:] adv., conj.,n. -adv. vjet 1. pse, përse, për ç'arsye. 2. prandaj, kështu që /-conj. se pse, se për ç'arsye; I know wherefore she is angry e di pse është e zemëruar /-n. zak. pl. arsye, shpjegim● wherein [hweër'in /weër] adv., conj. -adv. ku, në çfarë, në se; wherein had they erred? ku kishin gabuar? /-conj. ku, që; the place wherein she lived vendi ku rronte● whereto [hweë:'tu: /weë:'tu:] adv., conj 1. ku; per ku; to that place whereto he had been sent te ai vend per ku e kishin dërguar. 2. përse, për ç'qëllim● wherever [hweë:'revë: /weë:'revë:] conj., adv. ku; kudo që; kudoqoftë; sit wherever you like ulu ku të të pëiqejë● wherewithal ['hweë:'widhol /weë:'widhol] n., adv., conj. -n. mjet; mundësi; para /-adv., conj. me se● wherry ['hweri /weri] n 1. varkë përtë kaluar lumin. 2. varkë njëvendëshe për gara* * *ku -
8 alternative
[o:l'të:nëtiv] adj.,n. -adj. alternativ, i ndërkëmbyeshëm● there are two alternative answers to this question për këtë pyetje ka dy përgjigjetë ndryshme-n. alternative, mundësi tjetër● is there no alternative to what you propose? s'ka ndonjë mundësi tjetër veç asaj që na propozon ti?* * *alternativë -
9 air
[eë:] n.,vt. -n 1. ajër; atmosferë; have some fresh air dal në ajër të paster, marr ajër; in the air a) në erë; pezull. b) në qarkullim; there are rumors in the air that... ka fjalë se... clear the air a) ndërroj ajrin; b) fig. sqaroj/largoj një dyshim. 2. pamje, dukje; with an air of importance me pamje hijerëndë; give oneself/put on airs mbahem me të madh, krekosem; an air of comfort pamje e rehatshme. 4. melodi. 5. radio; on the air në transmetim e sipër, në emision; go off the air mbyll transmetimet, pushon.● beat the air rrah ujë në havan; out of thin air si me magji; up in the air a) i pasigurt, i pavendosur; b) shumë i zemëruar/i shqetësuar; walk on air fluturoj (nga gëzimi etj).- vt 1. ajros, nxjerr në ajër. 2. ajroj, i fus ajër. 3. shetis (qenin). 4. transmetoj* * *ajer; ajror -
10 amusement
[ë'mju:zmënt] n 1. dëfrim, zbavitje, argëtim; for amusement për t'u zbavitur. 2. vend argëtimi; mjet argëtimi● there are plenty of amusements here këtu ka shumë argëtime (kinema, ndeshje futbolli etj)● amusement arcade n. Br. sallë argëtimesh, sallë lojrash elektronike● amusement park n. amer. park lojerash; qendër argëtimesh* * *kënaqësi -
11 go
[gou] v. (went; gone) 1. shkoj; we went by bus ne shkuam me autobus; go shopping shkoj për të bërë pazaret. 2. iki,largohem; I have to go duhet të iki; let's go! ikim! what time does the train go? kur niset treni? 3. bëhem; jam; go hungry më merr uria; go unpunished shpëtoj pa u ndëshkuar; go mad çmendem; go grey thinjem. 4. ikën, kalon (koha). 5. zhvillohet; go well/ badly shkon mirë/keq; how is it going? si duket puna? 6. ecën, punon; the car won't go makina nuk ecën. 7. (qëllim,vendim); be going to do sth do të bëj diçka; it's going to rain do të bjerë shi; it's not going to be easy nuk do të jetë e lehtë. 8. bie (zilja, sirena). 9. harxhohet; all the money goes for food and rent të gjitha paratë shkojnë për ushqimin dhe qiranë. 10. i jepet; go to i kalojnë, ijepen. 11. hiqet qafe, zhduket; he'll have to go ai duhet të qërohet; everything must go i gjithë malli duhet të shitet. 12. digjet, prishet (sigureca etj). 13. bie, humbet (shikimi, dëgjimi). 14. shkon, ujdis me (një ngjyrë, model etj). 15. e ka vendin, i takon; the plates go in the cupboard pjatat e kanë vendin në bufe. 16. mat. pjesëtohet, hyn; three into two won't go treshi te dyshi nuk hyn. 17. thotë (kënga etj); as the saying goes siç thotë ajo fjala e popullit. 18. (në këshilla) ruhu, kujdes se mos; now don't go catching a cold kujdes mos marrësh ndonjë të ftohtë. 19. vete; you've gone and done it now! ama, të bukur punë vajte e bëre! 20. bën (kafsha); the dog went "woof'' qeni bëri "ham". 21. i drejtohem; go to court i drejtohem gjyqit. 22. vdes; his wife went first e para vdiq e shoqja. 23. fig. gëlltis, duroj, honeps; I can't go tea nuk e duroj dot çajin.● as people/things go duke patur parasysh të tjerët/të tjerat; go all out bëhem copë, përpiqem me të gjitha forcat.-n 1. ikje, vajtje. 2. gj.fol. vrull, energji. 3. gjendje e punëve. 4. gj.fol. mode, stil. 5. gj.fol. provë, përpjekje; let's have another go at this problem let'i kthehemi edhe njëherë këtij problemi. 6. sukses. 7. gj.fol. ujdi, marrëveshje; it's a go u morëm vesh.● have a go! jepi! provoje! it's my go e kam unë radhën; be on the go jam në lëvizje, jam në aktivitet; no go gj.fol. punë që s'bëhet; e pamundur; gjë pavlerë.● go about [gou ë'baut] a) merrem me, jam i zënë me; b) leviz tutjetëhu; c) kthehem, ndërroj drejtim● go ahead a) vazhdoj; b) përparoj, bëj përpara● go along [gou ë'long] a) bie dakord; bashkëpunoj; b) përparoj; vazhdoj; as you go along aty për aty, në vend; go along with mbështes, përkrah (një plan); ndjek (dikë)● go around [gou ë'raund] a) vij vërdallë, dal e bredh; b) shoqërohem (me dikë); c) qarkullon (një fjalë); d) ka për të gjithë● go back [gou bæk] a) kthehem; rikthehem; b) tërhiqem, zmbrapsem; c) e kafillimin, shkon deri tek; daton; d) i rikthehem (diçkaje); go back to a subject i kthehem sërish një teme; e) shtrihet● go back on [gou bæk on] a) anuloj (vendimin); b) nuk mbaj, shkel (premtimin); ha fjalën; c) tradhtoj, pres në besë (mikun)● go before [gou bi'fo:] ndodh më përpara● go by [gou bai] a) shkon, kalon (koha); b) nisem nga, udhëhiqem nga● go down [gou daun] a) ulet, bie (çmimi); b) pranohem; pritem; go down badly më presin keq; c) perëndon (dielli); d) shfryhet (balloni); e) zbret● go down with [gou daun with] më zë (një sëmundje)● go for [gou fo:] a) përpiqem të kap; b) zgjedh; c) më tërheq; d) turrem, sulem; e) vlen; does this go for me too? a vlen kjo edhe për mua? f) përkrah, mbështes● go in [gou in] futem, hyj● go in for [gou in fo:] a) marr pjesë; b) paraqitem (në provim); c) përpiqem të bëj; d) futem në (një profesion); e) shijoj; jepem pas● go into [gou 'intu:] a) mat. hyn (te një numër); b) hetoj, shqyrtoj; c) hyj në (një profesion); d) hyj në (një profesion); d) hyj në hollësira, shtjelloj; e) filloj të; go into a rage filloj të nxehem● go in with [gou in with] bashkohem me; marr pjesë në● go it [gou it] gj.fol. eci shpejt, shpejtoj● go it alone [gou daun] e bëj vetë; veproj i pavarur● go off [gou of] a) iki, largohem; b) shkrehet (pushka); c) ngec, nuk punon; d) bie (zilja); e) prishet (ushqimi); f) fiket (drita); ndërpritet (ngrohja); g) ngjet, ndodh● go off with [gou of with] marr● go on [gou on] a) ndodh, ngjet, zhvillohet; b) zë të punojë; c) shkoj përpara; d) vazhdoj (të bëj); e) shkoj gjetiu; f) flas pa pushim; go on abou something s'pushoj së foluri përdiçka; g) mbështetem në, nisem nga● go on at [gou on æt] ngacmoj● go one better [gou uan 'betë:] a) ia kaloj; b) e shtoj (bastin)● go out [gou out] a) dal; b) dal shetitje; c) fiket (cigarja etj); d) del nga moda; e) shoqërohem (me dikë); f) bëj grevë● go over [gou 'ouvë:(r)] a) shqyrtoj, verifikoj; b) rishikoj; rilexoj; c) ribëj; d) ia dal mbanë; e) ndërroj parti; f) zhrg. zhdëp në dru● go over to [gou 'ouvë:(r) tu:] a) kaloj në (diçka tjetër); b) ndërroj parti; c) rad.,tv. ndërroj kanal● go round [gou 'ouvë:(r) raund] a) mjafton për të gjithë; b) vërtitet● go through [gou thru:] a) provoj, kaloj; vuaj, pësoj; b) harxhoj, shpenzoj; c) kontrolloj, hetoj; d) lexoj (një listë); e) kaloj, pranohem● go through with [gou thru: with] i shkoj deri në fund● go together [gou të'gedhë(r)] shoqërohem vazhdimisht● go towards [gou të'wo:dz, two:dz, 'to:dz] kontribuoj për● go under [gou 'andë:(r)] a) zhytem, fundosem; b) rrënohem, falimentoj, marr fund● go up [gou ap] a) ngjitem; b) rritet (çmimi); c) ngrihet (godina); d) pëlcet, shpërthen; e) ( in flames) merr zjarr● go with [gou with] a) shoqëroj; b) shkon, është në harmoni me; go without bëj pa, s'kam nevojë për (diçka)● let go [let gou] a) lë, lëshoj; b) heq dorë; c) ia var● let oneself go [let uanself gou] a) nuk përmbahem; b) ia var vetes● to go [tu: gou] a) mbeten; there are only two days to go kanë mbetur edhe dy ditë; b) amer. për ta marrë me vete; she ordered two hamburgers to go ajo porositi dy hamburger për t'i marrë me vete* * *shkoj -
12 while
[hwail /wail] n., conj.,v. -n. kohë, copë herë; a long while një copë herë të mirë; he came a while ago ka kohë që ka ardhur.● between whiles herë pas here; me ndërprerje; once in a while një herë në kaq kohë, më të rrallë; all the while gjatë gjithë kohës; be worth while e vlen.-conj 1. kur, ndërsa, në kohën që; he fell asleep while reading e zuri gjumi ndërsa/kur po lexonte. 2. (për) sa kohë që; while I'm here I shall make sure that., përsa kohë që jam këtu do të sigurohem që... 3. ndonëse, megjithëse; while there are a few people who., megjithëse ka ca njerëz që... 4. ndërsa; he left, while his wife stayed ai iku, ndërsa e shoqja ndenji.-vt. (while away) kaloj kohën; we whiled away the day playing cards e kaluam tërë ditën duke luajtur me letra* * *ndersa -
13 to go
[tu: gou] a) mbeten; there are only two days to go kanë mbetur edhe dy ditë; b) amer. për ta marrë me vete; she ordered two hamburgers to go ajo porositi dy hamburger për t'i marrë me vete. -
14 whilst
while [hwail /wail] n., conj.,v. -n. kohë, copë herë; a long while një copë herë të mirë; he came a while ago ka kohë që ka ardhur.● between whiles herë pas here; me ndërprerje; once in a while një herë në kaq kohë, më të rrallë; all the while gjatë gjithë kohës; be worth while e vlen.-conj 1. kur, ndërsa, në kohën që; he fell asleep while reading e zuri gjumi ndërsa/kur po lexonte. 2. (për) sa kohë që; while I'm here I shall make sure that., përsa kohë që jam këtu do të sigurohem që... 3. ndonëse, megjithëse; while there are a few people who., megjithëse ka ca njerëz që... 4. ndërsa; he left, while his wife stayed ai iku, ndërsa e shoqja ndenji.-vt. (whilst away) kaloj kohën; we whiled away the day playing cards e kaluam tërë ditën duke luajtur me letra -
15 BIOS
['baios] n. shkurtesë nga b asic i nput o utput s ystem ( BIOS) sistemi themelor për hyrje-dalje ( informatikë)What is BIOS?BIOS is an acronym for Basic Input/Output System. It is the boot firmware program on a PC, and controls the computer from the time you start it up until the operating system takes over. When you turn on a PC, the BIOS first conducts a basic hardware check, called a Power-On Self Test (POST), to determine whether all of the attachments are present and working. Then it loads the operating system into your computer's random access memory, or RAM.The BIOS also manages data flow between the computer's operating system and attached devices such as the hard disk, video card, keyboard, mouse, and printer.The BIOS stores the date, the time, and your system configuration information in a battery-powered, non-volatile memory chip, called a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) after its manufacturing process.Although the BIOS is standardized and should rarely require updating, some older BIOS chips may not accommodate new hardware devices. Before the early 1990s, you couldn't update the BIOS without removing and replacing its ROM chip. Contemporary BIOS resides on memory chips such as flash chips or EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), so that you can update the BIOS yourself if necessary.For detailed information about BIOS updates, visit:What is firmware?Firmware consists of programs installed semi-permanently into memory, using various types of programmable ROM chips, such as PROMS, EPROMs, EEPROMs, and flash chips.Firmware is non-volatile, and will remain in memory after you turn the system off.Often, the term firmware is used to refer specifically to boot firmware, which controls a computer from the time that it is turned on until the primary operating system has taken over. Boot firmware's main function is to initialize the hardware and then to boot (load and execute) the primary operating system. On PCs, the boot firmware is usually referred to as the BIOS.What is the difference between memory and disk storage?Memory and disk storage both refer to internal storage space in a computer.The term memory usually means RAM (Random Access Memory). To refer to hard drive storage, the terms disk space or storage are usually used.Typically, computers have much less memory than disk space, because RAM is much more expensive per megabyte than a hard disk. Today, a typical desktop computer might come with 512MB of RAM, and a 40 gigabyte hard disk.Virtual memory is disk space that has been designated to act like RAM.Computers also contain a small amount of ROM, or read-only memory, containing permanent or semi-permanent (firmware) instructions for checking hardware and starting up the computer. On a PC, this is called the BIOS.What is RAM?RAM stands for Random Access Memory. RAM provides space for your computer to read and write data to be accessed by the CPU (central processing unit). When people refer to a computer's memory, they usually mean its RAM.New computers typically come with at least 256 megabytes (MB) of RAM installed, and can be upgraded to 512MB or even a gigabyte or more.If you add more RAM to your computer, you reduce the number of times your CPU must read data from your hard disk. This usually allows your computer to work considerably faster, as RAM is many times faster than a hard disk.RAM is volatile, so data stored in RAM stays there only as long as your computer is running. As soon as you turn the computer off, the data stored in RAM disappears.When you turn your computer on again, your computer's boot firmware (called BIOS on a PC) uses instructions stored semi-permanently in ROM chips to read your operating system and related files from the disk and load them back into RAM.Note: On a PC, different parts of RAM may be more or less easily accessible to programs. For example, cache RAM is made up of very high-speed RAM chips which sit between the CPU and main RAM, storing (i.e., caching) memory accesses by the CPU. Cache RAM helps to alleviate the gap between the speed of a CPU's megahertz rating and the ability of RAM to respond and deliver data. It reduces how often the CPU must wait for data from main memory.What is ROM?ROM is an acronym for Read-Only Memory. It refers to computer memory chips containing permanent or semi-permanent data. Unlike RAM, ROM is non-volatile; even after you turn off your computer, the contents of ROM will remain.Almost every computer comes with a small amount of ROM containing the boot firmware. This consists of a few kilobytes of code that tell the computer what to do when it starts up, e.g., running hardware diagnostics and loading the operating system into RAM. On a PC, the boot firmware is called the BIOS.Originally, ROM was actually read-only. To update the programs in ROM, you had to remove and physically replace your ROM chips. Contemporary versions of ROM allow some limited rewriting, so you can usually upgrade firmware such as the BIOS by using installation software. Rewritable ROM chips include PROMs (programmable read-only memory), EPROMs (erasable read-only memory), EEPROMs (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory), and a common variation of EEPROMs called flash memory.What is an ACPI BIOS?ACPI is an acronym that stands for Advanced Configuration and Power Interface, a power management specification developed by Intel, Microsoft, and Toshiba. ACPI support is built into Windows 98 and later operating systems. ACPI is designed to allow the operating system to control the amount of power provided to each device or peripheral attached to the computer system. This provides much more stable and efficient power management and makes it possible for the operating system to turn off selected devices, such as a monitor or CD-ROM drive, when they are not in use.ACPI should help eliminate computer lockup on entering power saving or sleep mode. This will allow for improved power management, especially in portable computer systems where reducing power consumption is critical for extending battery life. ACPI also allows for the computer to be turned on and off by external devices, so that the touch of a mouse or the press of a key will "wake up" the computer. This new feature of ACPI, called OnNow, allows a computer to enter a sleep mode that uses very little power.In addition to providing power management, ACPI also evolves the existing Plug and Play BIOS (PnP BIOS) to make adding and configuring new hardware devices easier. This includes support for legacy non-PnP devices and improved support for combining older devices with ACPI hardware, allowing both to work in a more efficient manner in the same computer system. The end result of this is to make the BIOS more PnP compatible.What is CMOS?CMOS, short for Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, is a low-power, low-heat semiconductor technology used in contemporary microchips, especially useful for battery-powered devices. The specific technology is explained in detail at:http://searchsmb.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid44_gci213860,00.htmlMost commonly, though, the term CMOS is used to refer to small battery-powered configuration chips on system boards of personal computers, where the BIOS stores the date, the time, and system configuration details.How do I enter the Setup program in my BIOS?Warning: Your BIOS Setup program is very powerful. An incorrect setting could cause your computer not to boot properly. You should make sure you understand what a setting does before you change it.You can usually run Setup by pressing a special function key or key combination soon after turning on the computer, during its power-on self test (POST), before the operating system loads (or before the operating system's splash screen shows). During POST, the BIOS usually displays a prompt such as:Press F2 to enter SetupMany newer computers display a brief screen, usually black and white, with the computer manufacturer's logo during POST.Entering the designated keystroke will take you into the BIOS Setup. Common keystrokes to enter the BIOS Setup are F1, F2, F10, and Del.On some computers, such as some Gateway or Compaq computers, graphics appear during the POST, and the BIOS information is hidden. You must press Esc to make these graphics disappear. Your monitor will then display the correct keystroke to enter.Note: If you press the key too early or too often, the BIOS may display an error message. To avoid this, wait about five seconds after turning the power on, and then press the key once or twice.What's the difference between BIOS and CMOS?Many people use the terms BIOS (basic input/output system) and CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) to refer to the same thing. Though they are related, they are distinct and separate components of a computer. The BIOS is the program that starts a computer up, and the CMOS is where the BIOS stores the date, time, and system configuration details it needs to start the computer.The BIOS is a small program that controls the computer from the time it powers on until the time the operating system takes over. The BIOS is firmware, which means it cannot store variable data.CMOS is a type of memory technology, but most people use the term to refer to the chip that stores variable data for startup. A computer's BIOS will initialize and control components like the floppy and hard drive controllers and the computer's hardware clock, but the specific parameters for startup and initializing components are stored in the CMOS. -
16 about
[ë'baut] prep. 1. përreth; përqark; rrotull; somewhere about there diku andej rrotull; about the house nëpër shtëpi2. me; about me me vete3. rreth, për, lidhur me; what are you talking about? për çfarë po flisni, ku e keni fjalën?4. afër, afërsisht, aty nga; about midnight aty nga mesnata- adv. 1. rreth, gati, pothuajse; afërsisht, nja; about 2 weeks nja dy javë; about ready pothuajse gati2. rretheqark, përqark; pranë3. në drejtim të kundërt, mbrapsht4. radhazi, me radhë● on duty week and week about [on 'dju:ti wi:k ënd wi:kë'baut] në punë jave pas jave● be about to [bi:ë'baut tu] jam gati të (bëj diçka), kam ndër mend të● bring about [bring ë'baut] shkaktoj, bëj që● come about ['kam ë'baut] ngjet● the other way about [dhi 'adhë(r) uei ë'baut] e kundërta● about-face, about-turn [ë'baut feis, ë'baut të:n] v.,n. -vi. kthej shpinën, ndërroj plotësisht drejtim- n. 1. ndërrim qëndrimi; ndryshim mendimi. 2. usht. prapaktheu* * *rreth; afërsisht -
17 just
just I [xhast] adj., adv. -adj 1. i drejtë; i rregullt, pa hile; a just price çmim i rregullt. 2. i merituar, me vend (shpërblim). 3. i ligjshëm (pretendim, kërkesë). 4. me bazë, me shkak (kundërshtim). 5. i rregullt, i saktë (përshkrim). 6. e saktë (peshë)-adv 1. pikërisht, tamam; just here/there tamam këtu/atje; just then tamam atëherë; it's just what I wanted është pikërisht ajo që doja; it costs just \$30 kushton vetëm 30 \$; come just as you are eja kështu siç je; that's just it! /the point! pikërisht!, tamam ashtu! he likes everything just so ai e do gjithçka në vendin e vet. 2.sapo, tani sapo; just now tani, këtë cast; tani sapo; I've just seen him sapo e pashë; just this minute tani, në çast; the book is just out libri sapo ka dale, sapo është botuar; we were just going sapo do të iknim, po bëheshim gati të dilnim; I was just about to phone po matesha të telefonoja. 3. vetëm; thjesht; just the two of us vetëm ne të dy; it's just 3 o'clock s'është më shumë se ora 3; just for a laugh thjesht per të qeshur; it's just around the corner është mu te cepi, sa të kalosh qoshen e rrugës; just a minute!, just one moment! një minutë!, prit pak! 4. thjesht; mjaft që; I just can't imagine thjesht nuk arrij ta mendoj; it's just that I don't like it thjesht nuk më pëlqen: it's just one of those things kështu e ka jeta; just ask someone the way mjafton të pyesësh dike për rrugën. 5. pak, paksa; just before 2 o'clock pak para ores 2; just to the left paksa majtas. 6. (në krahasime) po aq; just as good/well po aq i mirë/po aq mirë. 7. (me urdhërore) pak; just imagine! mendo pak! just look at this mess! shiko ç'rrëmujë! just let me get my hands on him! veç në mos e kapsha! veç në mos më rente në dorë! 8. (emfatike) vërtet; that's just fine! është vërtet/fare mirë! do you like whisky? -don't I just! të pëlqen uiski? -oj, të pëlqyer! 9. (në shprehje): I've just about had enough of this noise! me ka ardhur në majë hundës* * *vetëm; pothuajse; i drejtë; -
18 well
well I [wel] n.,v. -n 1. pus (uji, nafte). 2. ndërt. kafaz (shkalle); kullë (ashensori). 3. Br. drejt. bankë e avokatëve. 4. fig. pus (njohurish) /-vi. del, gufon (loti).● well out a) kërcen (susta); b) shpërthejnë (lotët)well II [wel] adv., adj.,n., interj. -adv. ( better; best) 1. mirë; be doing well jam mirë; do well at school jam mirë me mësime; do quite well ndahem mjaft mirë; do well by sb tregohem i mirë me dikë, i bëj një të mirë dikujt; well I know it! e di fort mirë! 2. fort, mjaft, goxha; she is well past/over thirty ajo i ka kaluar me kohë të tridhjetat; well over a thousand shumë më tepër se njëmijë; he's well away është xurxull fare. 3. fare mirë; me të drejtë; one might well ask why fare mirë mund të shtrohet pyetja përse; she couldn't very well refuse ajo nuk ka sesi të refuzojë në asnjë mënyrë; you may as well tell her the truth bën mirë t'i thuash të drejtën; he apologized-well he might! ai kërkoi të falur dhe bëri shumë mirë! 4. plotësisht, mirë (e mirë); shake well before using tundeni mirë para përdorimit. 5. me hollësi, me imtësi.● as well a) gjithashtu, po ashtu; përveç kësaj; as well as a) si edhe; veç kësaj; b) po aq.-adj 1. i mirë; i kënaqshëm; that's all very well, but... në rregull me këtë, por..; dakord, po..; It's just as well she asked bëri mirë që pyeti. 2. mirë me shëndet; he doesn't feel well nuk ndihet mirë; get well soon! shërim të shpejtë!-interj. 1. pra; well, as I was saying pra, siç po thoja. 2. bah; well I never! bah, ç'më thua! 3. pa shiko; ja; Well! Well! Here's Jack! Shiko, shiko! Qenka Xheku! well there you are then! ja, e pe?● we'll [wi:l] = we shall; we will ne do të● well-adjusted [welë'xhastid] adj. i pjekur; i ekuilibruar; gjakftohtë● well-advised [welëd'vaizd] adj 1. i matur; i mençur. 2. i bërë me mend (veprim)● well-appointed [welë'pointid] adj. e pajisur mirë (shtëpi)● well-balanced ['wel'bælënst] adj 1. i balancuar/i rregulluar si duhet. 2. i matur, i përmbajtur● well-behaved [welbi'heivd] adj 1. i sjellshëm. 2. e urtë, e bindur (kafshë)● well-being [wel'biing] n. mirëqenie; mbarëvajtje● well-bred [wel'bred] adj 1. i sjellshëm, i edukuar. 2. nga familje e mirë. 3. race, e racës (kafshë)● well-connected [welkë'nektid] adj 1. nga familje e mirë; me lidhje të rëndësishme. 2. i përmbledhur (paragraf)● well-defined [weldi'faind] adj. i qartë; i përcaktuar mirë● well-disposed [weldis'pouzd] adj. dashamirës● well-doing [wel'du:ing] n 1. drejtësi. 2. mirësi● well-favo(u)red [wel'feivë:d] adj. i pashëm● well-fixed [wel'fikst] adj. gj.fol. i kamur, në gjendje● well-found [wel'faund] adj. i pajisur me të gjitha● well-founded [wel'faundid] adj. i bazuar; me themele të shëndosha● well-groomed [wel'gru:md] adj. i pastër; i ndrequr, i ujdisur● well-grounded [wel'graundid] adj 1. i bazuar; me themele të shëndosha. 2. i ditur, me njohuri të shëndosha● wellhead ['welhed] n 1. burim. 2. krye pusi● well-heeled [wel'hi:ld] adj. zhrg. i kamur; i pasur● well-informed ['welinfo:md] adj 1. i mirinformuar. 2. i ditur, me kulturë të gjerë● well-known ['welnëun] adj. i mirënjohur● well-mannered ['welmænë:d] adj. i sjellshëm, i lëmuar● well-marked [wel'ma:kt] adj. i qartë, i dallueshëm● well-meaning [wel'mi:ning] adj. dashamirës; me qëllime të mira● well-meant ['welment] adj. i nisur nga qëllimet më të mira● well-placed [wel'pleist] adj 1. në vend të përshtatshëm. 2. me pozitë● well-preserved [welpri'zë:vd] adj. i mbajtur mirë, që nuk e tregon moshën● well-proportioned [welprë'po:shënd] adj. i formuar, me trup të rregullt● well-rounded [wel'raundid] adj. i harmonishëm (stil); e ujdisur mirë (fjali)● well-spoken [wel'spoukën] adj 1. gojëtar, që di të flasë. 2. i thënë bukur, i shprehur si duhet● well-suited [wel'su:tid] adj. i përshtatshëm; i volitshëm● well-timed [wel'taimd] adj. i llogaritur mirë, në kohën e duhur● well-to-do [weltë'du:] adj. i kamur; i pasur● well-turned [wel'të:nd] adj 1. i shprehur bukur. 2. me trajtë të bukur/të rregullt● well-turned-out [weltë:nd'aut] adj. i veshur bukur, elegant● well-wisher ['welwishë:] n. dashamirës* * *mirë -
19 you
[jë, ju:] pron 1. ti; ju; between you and me midis nesh; there you are! a) ja ku erdhe (më në fund)! b) ja ku e ke!, merre! if I were you të isha si ti; you fool! hajvan! never you mind a) mos e prish gjakun, mos u bëj merak; b) s'ka ç'të duhet ty. 2. njeriu; you never know your own luck s'e di njeriu si e ka fatin; cold water does you good uji iftohtëtë bën mirë● you-know-who ['ju:nou'hu:] amer.gj.fol. e di vetë ti se kush● you'd [ju:d] = you had; you would* * *ju
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