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61 race
I
1. reis noun(a competition to find who or which is the fastest: a horse race.) carrera
2. verb1) (to (cause to) run in a race: I'm racing my horse on Saturday; The horse is racing against five others.) (hacer) correr, llevar a una carrera2) (to have a competition with (someone) to find out who is the fastest: I'll race you to that tree.) hacer una carrera (con)3) (to go etc quickly: He raced along the road on his bike.) correr•- racer- racecourse
- racehorse
- racetrack
- racing-car
- a race against time
- the races
II reis1) (any one section of mankind, having a particular set of characteristics which make it different from other sections: the Negro race; the white races; (also adjective) race relations.) raza2) (the fact of belonging to any of these various sections: the problem of race.) raza3) (a group of people who share the same culture, language etc; the Anglo-Saxon race.) raza•- racial- racialism
- racialist
- the human race
- of mixed race
race1 n1. carrera2. razarace2 vb competir / corrertr[reɪs]1 SMALLSPORT/SMALL carrera1 (compete) competir, correr2 (go fast) correr, ir deprisa3 (heart) latir deprisa4 (engine) acelerarse1 (person) competir con, echar una carrera a2 (engine) acelerar\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto run a race participar en una carrerarace against time carrera contra relojrace meeting las carreras nombre femenino pluralthe races las carreras nombre femenino plural————————tr[reɪs]1 (people) raza\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLrace relations relaciones nombre femenino plural racialesrace riot disturbio racial1) : correr, competir (en una carrera)2) rush: ir a toda prisa, ir corriendorace n1) current: corriente f (de agua)2) : carrera fdog race: carrera de perrosthe presidential race: la carrera presidential3) : raza fthe black race: la raza negrathe human race: el género humanon.• cancha s.f.• carrera s.f.• casta s.f.• corrida s.f.• corriente fuerte s.m.• estirpe s.f.• generación s.f.• gente s.f.• movimiento progresivo s.m.• raza s.f.• sangre s.m.v.• correr v.• regatear v.reɪs
I
1)a) c ( contest) carrera fthe race is on for the Republican nomination — ha empezado la contienda para la nominación republicana
2) c u ( Anthrop) raza fthe human race — el género humano; (before n)
II
1.
a) ( rush) (+ adv compl)b) ( in competition) correr, competir*c) \<\<pulse/heart\>\> latir aceleradamente; \<\<engine\>\> acelerarse
2.
vta) ( compete against) echarle or (RPl) jugarle* una carrera acome on, I'll race you (to that tree)! — vamos, te echo or (RPl) juego una carrera (hasta aquel árbol)!
b) ( make go too fast) \<\<engine\>\> acelerar
I [reɪs]1. N1) (=contest) (lit, fig) carrera f•
a race against time/the clock — (fig) una carrera contra el tiempo/contra reloj•
the arms race — la carrera armamentista•
the race is on to find a donor — ha comenzado la carrera en busca de un donante•
to run (in) a race — tomar parte en una carrera, participar en una carrera2) (=swift current) corriente f fuerte2. VT1) (=enter in race) [+ horse] presentar; [+ car] correr con2) (=run against) echarle una carrera a(I'll) race you home! — ¡te echo una carrera hasta casa!
3)• to race an engine — acelerar un motor al máximo
3. VI1) (=compete) [driver, athlete, horse] correr, competir•
to race against sb — competir con algn (en una carrera)2) (=go fast) correr, ir a toda velocidad•
to race against time/the clock (to do sth) — (fig) trabajar contra reloj (para hacer algo)•
he raced down the street — bajó la calle corriendo or a toda velocidad•
we raced for a taxi — corrimos a coger un taxi•
he raced past us — nos pasó a toda velocidad or a toda carrera•
he raced through the paperwork as quickly as he could — hizo el papeleo todo lo rápido que pudo3) [pulse, heart] acelerarse; [engine] embalarseher heart raced uncontrollably — el corazón se le aceleró descontrolado, el corazón le latía a un ritmo descontrolado
4.CPDrace car N — (US) coche m de carreras
race (car) driver N — (US) piloto mf de carreras, corredor(a) m / f de coches
race meeting N — (Brit) carreras fpl (de caballos)
- race in- race off- race out
II [reɪs]1.N (=racial origin) raza fdiscrimination on the grounds of race — discriminación f por la raza or por motivos raciales
people of mixed race — (esp of Indian and white descent) gente f mestiza; (of black and white descent) gente f mulata
the human race — la raza humana, el género humano
2.CPD•
to play the race card — jugar la baza racialrace hatred, race hate N — odio m racial, racismo m
race issue N — asunto m racial
a committee was set up to tackle race issues — se formó un comité para hacer frente a los asuntos or los problemas raciales
race relations NPL — relaciones fpl interraciales
* * *[reɪs]
I
1)a) c ( contest) carrera fthe race is on for the Republican nomination — ha empezado la contienda para la nominación republicana
2) c u ( Anthrop) raza fthe human race — el género humano; (before n)
II
1.
a) ( rush) (+ adv compl)b) ( in competition) correr, competir*c) \<\<pulse/heart\>\> latir aceleradamente; \<\<engine\>\> acelerarse
2.
vta) ( compete against) echarle or (RPl) jugarle* una carrera acome on, I'll race you (to that tree)! — vamos, te echo or (RPl) juego una carrera (hasta aquel árbol)!
b) ( make go too fast) \<\<engine\>\> acelerar -
62 copar
v.1 to monopolize.2 to corner, to surround, to blockade.3 to cram, to fill up, to stuff.* * *1 (acaparar) to win, take2 (llenar) to fill3 (en juegos de azar) to go banco4 figurado (en una elección) to win all the seats5 MILITAR to capture, take* * *VT1) (Mil) to surround, cut off2) (Econ) to corner3) (Pol)4) (Naipes) (tb: copar la banca) to win, win all the tricks5) Méx (=monopolizar) to monopolize* * *verbo transitivo1)a) ( acaparar) to takeb) (llenar, colmar) to fill2) (Jueg)* * *= overtax.Ex. Currently, they are trying to charge Internet providers more because Internet use is overtaxing the telephone networks.* * *verbo transitivo1)a) ( acaparar) to takeb) (llenar, colmar) to fill2) (Jueg)* * *= overtax.Ex: Currently, they are trying to charge Internet providers more because Internet use is overtaxing the telephone networks.
* * *copar [A1 ]vtA1 (acaparar) to takelos mejores puestos de trabajo están ya copados the best jobs are already takenviene copando todos los premios she is winning all the prizes, she's sweeping the board ( colloq)2 (llenar, colmar) to fillla muchedumbre copó el estadio the crowd filled o packed the stadiumla capacidad del aeropuerto se verá copada en el año 2015 the airport will have reached full capacity by the year 2015tiene todo su tiempo copado she has all her time taken upB ( Mil) to takeC ( Jueg):copar la banca to go bancoD ( fam)1Roberto la tiene copada she's crazy o mad about Roberto ( colloq)■ coparse* * *♦ vt1. [ocupar] to fill;los amigos del presidente han copado todos los puestos all the positions have been filled by the president's friends;las mejores horas están ya copadas the best times are already taken;los corredores keniatas coparon el podio the Kenyan runners took all three medals2. [atención, interés] to capture;la visita papal copó la atención de la prensa the papers were full of the Pope's visit3.copar la banca [en juegos] to break the bankle copa Mario she's crazy o mad about Mario;esa película me copó I thought that movie was brilliant, I just loved that movie♦ See also the pronominal verb coparse* * *v/t1 MIL take2:copar el mercado corner the market* * *copar vt1) : to takeya está copado el puesto: the job is already taken2) : to fill, to crowd -
63 supérieur
supérieur, e [sypeʀjœʀ]1. adjective• intelligence/qualité supérieure à la moyenne above-average intelligence/quality• des températures supérieures à 300° temperatures in excess of 300°• il est d'un niveau bien supérieur à celui de son adversaire he is of a far higher standard than his opponentc. ( = excellent) [intérêts, principe] higher ; [intelligence, esprit] superiord. ( = hautain) [air, ton, regard] superior2. masculine noun, feminine noun3. masculine noun( = enseignement) le supérieur higher education* * *
1.
supérieure sypeʀjœʀ adjectif1) ( situé en haut dans l'espace) [mâchoire, membre, lèvre] upper; [niveau, étage] upper, top2) ( dans une hiérarchie) [grades, classes sociales] upper3) ( en valeur) [vitesse, coût, salaire, nombre] higher (à than); [taille, dimensions] bigger (à than); [durée] longer (à than)température supérieure à 20° — temperature above 20°
4) ( de meilleure qualité) [travail, qualité] superior (à to)5) ( hautain) [air, ton, sourire] superior
2.
nom masculin, féminin1) ( chef) superior2) Religion Superior
3.
nom masculin Université higher education* * *sypeʀjœʀ supérieur, -e1. adj1) (lèvre, étages, classes) upper2) (température, niveau, nombre) higher, (importance, portée) greatersupérieur à (température, niveau, nombre) — higher than, (importance, portée) greater than
Choisissez un nombre supérieur à cent. — Choose a number higher than 100.
3) (qualité, produit) superior4) (= hautain) superior5) RELIGION2. nm/f* * *A adj1 ( situé en haut dans l'espace) [mâchoire, membre, paupière, lèvre] upper; [niveau, étage] upper, top; la partie supérieure d'un objet the upper ou top part of an object; le cours supérieur d'un fleuve the upper reaches of a river; dans le coin supérieur droit in the top right-hand corner;2 ( dans une hiérarchie) [grades, classes sociales] upper; les échelons supérieurs d'une hiérarchie the upper echelons of a hierarchy; il a été promu au rang supérieur he was promoted to the next rank up; elle t'est hiérarchiquement supérieure she's above you in the hierarchy;3 ( en valeur) [température, vitesse, coût, salaire, nombre] higher (à than); [taille, dimensions] bigger (à than); [durée] longer (à than); mes notes sont supérieures à la moyenne my marks are above average; des coûts de production supérieurs à la moyenne higher than average production costs; le niveau de vie est supérieur à celui des pays voisins the standard of living is much higher than in neighbouringGB countries; des taux d'intérêt supérieurs à 10% interest rates higher than ou above 10%; les chiffres sont supérieurs de 3% aux prévisions the figures are 3% higher than predicted; être supérieur en nombre to be greater in number; des températures supérieures de 4 à 5 degrés aux moyennes saisonnières temperatures between 4 and 5 degrees higher than the seasonal averages; température supérieure à 20°C temperature above 20°C;4 ( de meilleure qualité) [travail, qualité] superior (à to); leur aviation est supérieure à celle de leur ennemi their air force is superior to that of their enemy; leur adversaire leur était supérieur their opponent was better than them;5 ( hautain) [air, ton, sourire] superior; avoir/prendre un air supérieur to have/to assume a superior air;6 Math si a est supérieur à b if a is greater than b; x est égal ou supérieur à y x is equal to or greater than y;8 Astron superior;9 Géol Upper; jurassique supérieur Upper Jurassic.B nm,f1 ( chef) superior; mon supérieur hiérarchique my immediate superior; mes supérieurs hiérarchiques my superiors;C nm Univ higher education.( féminin supérieure) [syperjɶr] adjectif[juste au-dessus - étagère, ligne] aboveles jouets sont à l'étage supérieur toys are on the next floor ou the floor above2. [quantitativement - efficacité] higher, greater ; [ - prix, rendement, vitesse] higher ; [ - volume] bigger, greaterleurs joueurs se retrouvent maintenant supérieurs en nombre their players now outnumber the oppositiona. [prix] higher thanb. [volume] bigger thantaux légèrement supérieur à 8 % rate slightly over 8%d'une longueur/largeur supérieure à... longer/wider than...leur lessive est-elle vraiment supérieure à toutes les autres? is their washing powder really better than all the others?il est techniquement supérieur au Suédois SPORT his technique is superior to that of the Swedish player5. [hautain - air, ton] superior8. GÉOGRAPHIE [en amont] uppersupérieur ou égal à superior or equal to, greater than or equal to10. RELIGION————————, supérieure [syperjɶr] nom masculin, nom féminin[dans une hiérarchie]————————nom masculin———————————————— -
64 RÚN
f., pl. rúnar: [rún, raun, reyna are all kindred words, and a lost strong verb, rúna, raun, meaning to enquire, may be presumed; the original notion is scrutiny, mystery, secret conversation; Gotb. runa, by which Ulf. several times renders the Gr. μυστήριον and συμβούλιον (once, Matth. xxvii. 1), βουλή (twice, Luke vii. 30, 1 Cor. iv. 5); A. S. rún = a ‘rowning’ mystery, but also = writing, charter; Hel. rûna = colloquium, and geruni = loquela (Schmeller); cp. Old Engl. to rown, Germ. raunen; Gr. ἐ-ρευνάω is also supposed to be a kindred word (Bugge). In Scandin. writers and poets rún is chiefly used of magical characters, then of writing, whereas the derivative word raun means trial, enquiry, and rúni and rúna = a friend or counsellor.]B. A secret, hidden lore, mystery; frá jötna rúnum ok allra goða segðú it sannasta, Vþm. 42, 43; kenna rúnar, to teach wisdom, Rm. 33; dæma um rúnar ok regin-dóma, Hm. 112; minnask á fornar rúnar, Vsp. 59: saws, segja sannar rúnir, to tell true saws, Fas. ii. 302 (in a verse): a ‘rowning’ speech, vifs rúnir, a woman’s whispering, Bm.; heita e-n at rúnum, to consult one, Gh. 12, Skv. 3. 14, 43; hniga at rúnum, Gkv. 3. 4.II. a Rune or written character; the earliest Runes were not writing in proper sense, but fanciful signs possessing a magical power; such Runes have, through vulgar superstition, been handed down even to the present time, for a specimen of them see Ísl. Þjóðs. i.435, 436, and Arna-Magn. Nos. 687. 4 to, and 434. 12 mo (Ísl. Þjóðs.pref. ix); the classical passages for these spell-Runes are, Hm. 133 sqq., Sdm. 5 sqq., Skm. 29, 36, Eg. ch. 44, 61, 75, Yngl. S. ch. 7, Grett. ch. 85, N. G. L. iii. 286, 300, Vsp. 59; cp. also the phrase, rísta trénið, Grág., Fs. 56. The phrase in the old Danish Ballads, kaste runer, to throw Rúnes, i. e. chips (see hlaut, hlautviðr), may be compared to the Lat. sortes, Mommsen’s Hist, of Rome, vol. i. p. 187, foot-note (Engl. Ed.), or the Sibylline leaves in the Aeneid.2. Runes as writing;the word was first applied to the original Northern alphabet, which at an early time was derived from the common Phœnician, probably through Greek or Roman coins in the first centuries of our era. From these Runes were subsequently formed two alphabets, the old Scandinavian (whence again the Anglo-Saxon), as found on the Golden horn and the stone in Tune, and the later Scandinavian, in which the inscriptions in the greater number of the Swedish and Danish stone monuments are written, most being of the 10th (9th?) and following centuries.—A curious instance of the employment of Runes is their being written on a kefli (a round piece of wood) as messages (cp. the Gr. σκυτάλη), as is freq. recorded in the Sagas, e. g. Gísl. 45, 67, Fms. ix. 390, 490, Grett. 154 new Ed., Fb. i. 251 (of the deaf and dumb Oddny). It is doubtful whether poems were ever written in this way, for almost the only authority for such a statement is Eg. 605, where we read that the Sonatorrek was taken down on a Runic stick, the other instances being mostly from romances or fabulous Sagas, Grett. 144, Örvar Odds S.(fine). This writing on a kefli is mentioned in the Latin line, Barbara ‘fraxineis’ sculpatur runa ‘tabellis,’ Capella (5th century). In later times (from the 13th century) Runic writing was practised as a sort of curiosity; thus calendars used to be written on sticks, of which there is a specimen in the Bodl. Library in Oxford; they were also used for inscriptions on tombstones, spoons, chairs, and the like: there even exists in the Arna-Magn. Library a Runic MS. of an old Danish law, and there is a Runic letter in Sturl. (of the year 1241); Runes carved on an oar occur in Fs. 177: a hidden treasure in a chest is labelled with Runes, Fms. vi. 271, Sd. 146, cp. also the interesting record in Bs. i. 435 (sex manna bein vóru þar hjá honum ok vax ok rúnar þær er sögðu atburð lifláts þeirra).3. the word rún is also, though rarely, applied to the Latin alphabet; ef hann er á þingi þá skal hann rísta nafn hans ef hann kann rúnar, N. G. L. i. 171; or generally, ræki ek eigi hvárt þú rítr ø þitt eðr o, eða a, ę eða e, y eða u, en ek svara svá, eigi er þat rúnanna kostr þó at þú lesir vel eða ráðir vel at líkindum, þar sem rúnar visa óskírt, heldr er þat þinn kostr, Thorodd 162; þessi er upphaf allra hátta svá sem málrúnar eru fyrir öðrum minum, Edda (Ht.) 121.III. in pr. names, Rún-ólfr: as the latter part in pr. names of women, Guð-rún, Sig-rún, Öl-rún, Landn., Nj., Bs., Sturl., Sæm.COMPDS: rúnakefli, rúnamál, Rúnameistari, rúnastafr. -
65 Guericke, Otto von
[br]b. 20 November 1602 Magdeburg, Saxony, Germanyd. 11 May 1686 Hamburg, Germany[br]German engineer and physicist, inventor of the air pump and investigator of the properties of a vacuum.[br]Guericke was born into a patrician family in Magdeburg. He was educated at the University of Leipzig in 1617–20 and at the University of Helmstedt in 1620. He then spent two years studying law at Jena, and in 1622 went to Leiden to study law, mathematics, engineering and especially fortification. He spent most of his life in politics, for he was elected an alderman of Magdeburg in 1626. After the destruction of Magdeburg in 1631, he worked in Brunswick and Erfurt as an engineer for the Swedish government, and then in 1635 for the Electorate of Saxony. He was Mayor of Magdeburg for thirty years, between 1646 and 1676. He was ennobled in 1666 and retired from public office in 168land went to Hamburg. It was through his attendances at international congresses and at princely courts that he took part in the exchange of scientific ideas.From his student days he was concerned with the definition of space and posed three questions: can empty space exist or is space always filled? How can heavenly bodies affect each other across space and how are they moved? Is space, and so also the heavenly bodies, bounded or unbounded? In c. 1647 Guericke made a suction pump for air and tried to exhaust a beer barrel, but he could not stop the leaks. He then tried a copper sphere, which imploded. He developed a series of spectacular demonstrations with his air pump. In 1654 at Rattisbon he used a vertical cylinder with a well-fitting piston connected over pulleys by a rope to fifty men, who could not stop the piston descending when the cylinder was exhausted. More famous were his copper hemispheres which, when exhausted, could not be drawn apart by two teams of eight horses. They were first demonstrated at Magdeburg in 1657 and at the court in Berlin in 1663. Through these experiments he discovered the elasticity of air and began to investigate its density at different heights. He heard of the work of Torricelli in 1653 and by 1660 had succeeded in making barometric forecasts. He published his famous work New Experiments Concerning Empty Space in 1672. Between 1660 and 1663 Guericke constructed a large ball of sulphur that could be rotated on a spindle. He found that, when he pressed his hand on it and it was rotated, it became strongly electrified; he thus unintentionally became the inventor of the first machine to generate static electricity. He attempted to reach a complete physical explanation of the world and the heavens with magnetism as a primary force and evolved an explanation for the rotation of the heavenly bodies.[br]Bibliography1672, Experimenta nova (ut vocantur) Magdeburgica de vacuo spatio (New Experiments Concerning Empty Space).Further ReadingF.W.Hoffmann, 1874, Otto von Guericke (a full biography).T.I.Williams (ed.), 1969, A Biographical Dictionary of Scientists, London: A. \& C.Black (contains a short account of his life).Chambers Concise Dictionary of Scientists, 1989, Cambridge.Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Vol. V, New York.C.Singer (ed.), 1957, A History of Technology, Vols. III and IV, Oxford University Press (includes references to Guericke's inventions).RLH -
66 Smith, Sir Francis Pettit
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 9 February 1808 Copperhurst Farm, near Hythe, Kent, Englandd. 12 February 1874 South Kensington, London, England[br]English inventor of the screw propeller.[br]Smith was the only son of Charles Smith, Postmaster at Hythe, and his wife Sarah (née Pettit). After education at a private school in Ashford, Kent, he took to farming, first on Romney Marsh, then at Hendon, Middlesex. As a boy, he showed much skill in the construction of model boats, especially in devising their means of propulsion. He maintained this interest into adult life and in 1835 he made a model propelled by a screw driven by a spring. This worked so well that he became convinced that the screw propeller offered a better method of propulsion than the paddle wheels that were then in general use. This notion so fired his enthusiasm that he virtually gave up farming to devote himself to perfecting his invention. The following year he produced a better model, which he successfully demonstrated to friends on his farm at Hendon and afterwards to the public at the Adelaide Gallery in London. On 31 May 1836 Smith was granted a patent for the propulsion of vessels by means of a screw.The idea of screw propulsion was not new, however, for it had been mooted as early as the seventeenth century and since then several proposals had been advanced, but without successful practical application. Indeed, simultaneously but quite independently of Smith, the Swedish engineer John Ericsson had invented the ship's propeller and obtained a patent on 13 July 1836, just weeks after Smith. But Smith was completely unaware of this and pursued his own device in the belief that he was the sole inventor.With some financial and technical backing, Smith was able to construct a 10 ton boat driven by a screw and powered by a steam engine of about 6 hp (4.5 kW). After showing it off to the public, Smith tried it out at sea, from Ramsgate round to Dover and Hythe, returning in stormy weather. The screw performed well in both calm and rough water. The engineering world seemed opposed to the new method of propulsion, but the Admiralty gave cautious encouragement in 1839 by ordering that the 237 ton Archimedes be equipped with a screw. It showed itself superior to the Vulcan, one of the fastest paddle-driven ships in the Navy. The ship was put through its paces in several ports, including Bristol, where Isambard Kingdom Brunel was constructing his Great Britain, the first large iron ocean-going vessel. Brunel was so impressed that he adapted his ship for screw propulsion.Meanwhile, in spite of favourable reports, the Admiralty were dragging their feet and ordered further trials, fitting Smith's four-bladed propeller to the Rattler, then under construction and completed in 1844. The trials were a complete success and propelled their lordships of the Admiralty to a decision to equip twenty ships with screw propulsion, under Smith's supervision.At last the superiority of screw propulsion was generally accepted and virtually universally adopted. Yet Smith gained little financial reward for his invention and in 1850 he retired to Guernsey to resume his farming life. In 1860 financial pressures compelled him to accept the position of Curator of Patent Models at the Patent Museum in South Kensington, London, a post he held until his death. Belated recognition by the Government, then headed by Lord Palmerston, came in 1855 with the grant of an annual pension of £200. Two years later Smith received unofficial recognition when he was presented with a national testimonial, consisting of a service of plate and nearly £3,000 in cash subscribed largely by the shipbuilding and engineering community. Finally, in 1871 Smith was honoured with a knighthood.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1871.Further ReadingObituary, 1874, Illustrated London News (7 February).1856, On the Invention and Progress of the Screw Propeller, London (provides biographical details).Smith and his invention are referred to in papers in Transactions of the Newcomen Society, 14 (1934): 9; 19 (1939): 145–8, 155–7, 161–4, 237–9.LRDBiographical history of technology > Smith, Sir Francis Pettit
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67 Stanhope, Charles, 3rd Earl
[br]b. 3 August 1753 London, Englandd. 15 December 1816 Chevening, Kent, England[br]English politician, scientist and inventor.[br]Stanhope's schooling at Eton was interrupted in 1764 when the family moved to Geneva; there, he soon showed a talent for scientific pursuits. In 1771 he contributed a paper on the pendulum to the Swedish Academy, which awarded him a prize for it. After his return to London in 1774, he threw himself into politics, earning himself not only a reputation for promoting the liberty of the individual, but also unpopularity for championing the French Revolution.Stanhope is best known for his inventions in printing. In 1800 he introduced the first successful iron press, known by his name. Its iron frame enabled a whole forme to be printed at one pull, thus speeding up production. The press retained the traditional screw but incorporated a system of levers which increased the pressure on the platen up to the moment of contact with the type, so that fine, sharp impressions were obtained and the work of the pressman was made easier. Stanhope's process for moulding and reproducing formes, known as stereotyping, became important when curved formes were required for cylinder presses. His invention of logotypes for casting type, however, proved a failure. Throughout his political activities, Stanhope devoted time and money to scientific and mechanical matters. Of these, the development of steamships is noteworthy. He took out patents in 1790 and 1807, and in 1796 he constructed the Kent for the Admiralty, but it was unsuccessful. In 1810, however, he claimed that a vessel 110 ft (33.5 m) long and 7 ft (2.1 m) in draught "outsailed the swiftest vessels in the Navy".[br]Further ReadingG.Stanhope, 1914, The Life of Charles, Third Earl Stanhope, London.H.Hart, 1966, Charles Earl Stanhope and the Oxford University Press, London: Printing Historical Society (a reprint of a paper, originally published in 1896, describing Stanhope's printing inventions; with copious quotations from Stanhope's own writings, together with an essay on the Stanhope press by James Moran).LRDBiographical history of technology > Stanhope, Charles, 3rd Earl
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68 aniquilar
v.1 to annihilate, to wipe out.2 to exterminate, to destroy, to kill, to annihilate.* * *1 to annihilate, destroy* * *verb* * *1. VT1) (=destruir) [+ enemigo] to annihilate, destroy; [+ equipo rival] to crush, annihilate2) (=matar) to kill2.See:* * *verbo transitivo <enemigo/población> to annihilate, wipe out; <defensas/instalaciones> to destroy* * *= wipe out, massacre, decimate, annihilate, zap.Ex. Strong economic forces, inflation and an over-strong pound wiped out any noticeable benefits of EEC membership to industry.Ex. In the 1994 Rwandan genocide, 800,000 people were massacred.Ex. Insect pests decimate a significant proportion of the world's food supply and transmit a number of deadly human diseases.Ex. He intends to annihilate all the major world powers, until Islamic nations dominate the planet.Ex. This electric fly swatter will zap any fly or mosquito with 1500 volts.* * *verbo transitivo <enemigo/población> to annihilate, wipe out; <defensas/instalaciones> to destroy* * *= wipe out, massacre, decimate, annihilate, zap.Ex: Strong economic forces, inflation and an over-strong pound wiped out any noticeable benefits of EEC membership to industry.
Ex: In the 1994 Rwandan genocide, 800,000 people were massacred.Ex: Insect pests decimate a significant proportion of the world's food supply and transmit a number of deadly human diseases.Ex: He intends to annihilate all the major world powers, until Islamic nations dominate the planet.Ex: This electric fly swatter will zap any fly or mosquito with 1500 volts.* * *aniquilar [A1 ]vt‹enemigo/población› to annihilate, wipe out; ‹defensas/instalaciones› to destroy, obliteratela gripe que tuvo lo ha aniquilado that bout of flu he had has left him terribly weak o ( colloq) has really wiped him outlos nervios la tienen aniquilada she's a nervous wreckla aniquiló 6-0, 6-0 she crushed her 6-0, 6-0me aniquiló con sus argumentos he crushed o annihilated o destroyed me with his argumentses tan dominante que lo ha aniquilado como persona she's so domineering that she has completely wiped out o destroyed his personality* * *
aniquilar ( conjugate aniquilar) verbo transitivo ‹enemigo/población› to annihilate, wipe out;
‹defensas/instalaciones› to destroy
aniquilar verbo transitivo to annihilate
' aniquilar' also found in these entries:
English:
annihilate
- rout
- wipe out
- wipe
* * *aniquilar vt1. [destruir] to annihilate, to wipe out;los nazis aniquilaron a los judíos the Nazis exterminated the Jews;el candidato oficial aniquiló a la oposición the official candidate annihilated o destroyed the opposition;los tenistas suecos aniquilaron a sus rivales the Swedish tennis players annihilated o thrashed their opponents2. [abatir] to destroy;tres años en paro la aniquilaron moralmente three years of unemployment had totally demoralized her* * *v/t annihilate* * *aniquilar vt1) : to annihilate, to wipe out2) : to overwhelm, to bring to one's knees -
69 HERR
(gen. hers, older herjar), m.1) crowd, great number (fylgdi oss h manna); með her manns, with a host of men; úvígar herr, overwhelming host;2) army, troops (on land and sea). Cf. ‘allsherjar-’.* * *m., old gen. herjar, pl. herjar, herja, herjum; later gen. hers, dropping the characteristic j and without pl.; the old form however often occurs in ancient poets, herjar, Hkr. i. 343 (in a verse), Fms. xi. 311 (in a verse), Fas. ii. 38 (in a verse); eins herjar, Hm. 72; as also, allt herjar, Hom. 39; herjum, in herjum-kunnr. famous, Háttat. R.; in prose the old j has been preserved in alls-herjar, Fms. v. 106, see pp. 16, 17; the pl. - jar occurs in Ein-herjar, see p. 121: in compd pr. names with initial vowel, Herj-ólfr (A. S. Herewulf), Herjan; [Goth. harjis, by which Ulf. renders λεγεών, Luke viii. 30, and στρατιά, ii. 13; A. S. here; O. H. G. and Hel. heri; Germ. heer; Dutch heir; Swed. här; Dan. hær]:—prop. a host, multitude:1. a host, people in general, like στρατός in Homer; herr er hundrað, a hundred makes a herr, Edda 108; allr herr, all people, Fms. i. 194, vi. 428 (in a verse); allr herr unni Ólafi konungi hugástum, vi. 441; whence in prose, alls-herjar, totius populi, general, universal, passim; dómr alls-herjar, universal consent, v. 106; Drottinn alls-herjar, Lord of Sabaoth ( hosts), Stj. 428, 456; allt herjar, adv. everywhere; lýsti of allt herjar af ljósinu, Hom. 39; Sænskr herr, the Swedish people; Danskr herr, the Danish people; Íslenzkr herr, the Icelandic people, Lex. Poët.; land-herr (q. v.), the people of the land; en nú sé ek hér útalligan her af landsfólki, a countless assembly of men, Fms. xi. 17; þing-herr, an assembly, Sighvat; Einherjar, the chosen people (rather than chosen warriors); þegi herr meðan, Eb. (in a verse); herjum-kunnr, known to all people, Lex. Poët.; and in compds, her-bergi (q. v.), etc.2. a host; með her manns, with a host of men, Eg. 71, 277; úvígr herr, an overwhelming host, Fms. viii. 51; himin og jörð og allr þeirra her, Gen. ii. 1, passim; cp. her-margr, many as a host, innumerable.β. an army, troops, on land and sea, Fms. i. 22, 90, Nj. 245, and in endless instances; cp. herja, to harry, and other compds: of a fleet, þrjú skip þau sem hann keyri ór herinum, Fms. x. 84; cp. hers-höfðingi: so in the phrase, hers-hendr, leysa e-n ór hers-höndum, to release one out of the hands of war, N. G. L. i. 71; vera í hers höndum, komast í hers hendr, to come into a foe’s hands.3. in a bad sense, the evil host, the fiends, in swearing, Gþl. 119; herr hafi e-n, fiends take him! Fms. vi. 278; herr hafi hölds ok svarra hagvirki! Ísl. ii. (in a verse); hauga herr, vide haugr; and in compds, her-kerling, her-líki.II. in pr. names:1. prefixed, of men, Her-brandr, Her-finnr, Her-gils, Her-grímr, Herj-ólfr, Her-laugr, Her-leifr, Her-mundr, Her-rauðr, Her-steinn, Hervarðr; of women, Her-borg, Her-dís, Her-gunnr, Her-ríðr, Her-vör, Her-þrúðr, Landn.: in Har-aldr ( Harold) the j is dropped without causing umlaut. Herjan and Herja-föðr, m. the Father of hosts = Odin, Edda, Hdl.2. suffixed, -arr, in Ein-arr, Agn-arr, Ótt-arr, Böðv-arr, Úlf-arr, etc., see Gramm. p. xxxii, col. 1, signif. B. 1.B. COMPDS: herbaldr, herbergi, herblástr, Herblindi, herboð, herborg, herbrestr, herbúðir, herbúinn, herbúnaðr, herdrengr, herdrótt, herfall, herfang, herfenginn, herferð, herfjöturr, herflokkr, herfloti, herforingi, herfólk, herfórur, herfærr, Herföðr, herför, hergammr, herganga, Hergautr, hergjarn, herglötuðr, hergopa, hergrimmr, herhlaup, herhorn, herkastali, herkerling, herklukka, herklæða, herklæði, herkonungr, herkumbl, herland, herleiða, herleiðing, herleiðsla, herlið, herliki, herlúðr, hermaðr, hermannliga, hermannligr, hermargr, hermegir, Hermóðr, hernaðr, hernam, hernumi, hernæma, heróp, hersaga, hersöguör, herskapr, herskari, herskár, herskip, herskjöldr, herskrúð, herspori, herstjóri, herstjórn, hersveitir, hertaka, hertaka, hertekning, hertogi, hertogadómr, hertogadæmi, hertogaefni, hertogainna, hertoganafn, herturn, hertygð, hertýgi, hertýgja, herváðir, hervápn, hervegir, herverk, hervígi, hervíkingr, hervæða, herþing, herþurft, herör. -
70 KIND
* * *(pl. kindir and kindr), f.1) kind, race; fyrða (gumna, seggja, skatna, ýta) kind, the sons of men, mankind;2) creature, being; lifði engi kvik kind eptir, no living creature lived after; sterkari en nökkur kind önnur, stronger than any other creature; helgar.* * *f., pl. kindir, mod. kindr; [A. S. cind, gecynd; Engl. kind; cp. Lat. gent-em ( gens)]:—kind, kin, kith, of men and beasts; helgar kindir, ‘holy-kind’ = the gods, Vsp. 1, opp. to mann-kind, mankind; ok ólusk þaðan af mannkindir, Edda 6; bæði karl-kindar ok kvenn-kindar, both of male kind and female kind, 79; mellu kind, the giantess kind, Nj. (in a verse); Hrímnis kind, giant kind, Hdl.; Fenris kind, the kith of F. = the wolves; Ellu kind, the kith of Ella = the English; Gamla kind, Fjölnis kind, the kindred of G. (Fjölni); Jamta kindir, the Jamt people; Bjarmskar kindir, the Perms; Syslu kind, the Osel people, Vsp. 32, Ó. H. (in a verse), Fagrsk. (in a verse), Hallfred, Hkr. i. (in a verse), Ýt.; Svía kind, the Swedish people, id.: mann-kind. q. v.; firða kind, virða, ljóna, skatna, seggja, gumna, ýta kind or kindir, the kind ( sons) of men = mankind, Sól. 1, Rekst. 4, Vsp. 14, Likn. 3;, Lex. Poët. passim; þær kindir, those people, Gkv. 2. 31; hver kind, what kind of people? = who? Kormak; þvi fólki er svá háttað at þat er miklu stærra ok sterkara en nokkur kind önnur, than any other creature, Fas. ii. 234; hverjar kindir ætar eru, what kind (of beasts) may be eaten? K. Þ. K. 130; lifði engi kvik kind eptir (no ‘quick kind,’ living creatures, lived after), útan ein öldrud kona ok kapall, D. I. i. 246; allar konur sem annars kyns ok kindar eru en hann, Stj. 207; allir ok sérhverir klerkar, hverrar stéttar, vígslu eða tignar sem hverr er, N. G. L. iii. 280: a child, Germ. kind, leysa kind frá konum, of a midwife. Sdm. 9.II. in mod. usage, sheep, plur. kindur, ellipt. from sauð-kind, ‘sheep-kind;’ sér eignar smalamaðr fé, þó enga eigi hann kindina, the shepherd calls the sheep his own, though he owns no sheep thereof, a saying; kindrnar hlupu allar saman í einn hnapp, … kindrnar liðu hægt og hægt og smábítandi undan piltinum, … nú verð eg að fara og hóa kindunum dálítið lengra fram eptir, Piltr og Stúlka 9–13; þessa kind veit eg ekki hver á, 19; æ! hvaða smali er það skrattinn sá arna, að þekkja ekki kindrnar hans fóður síns! 20, 21:—hence, kind-lauss, sheepless, 15; kinda-hópr, a flock of sheep, etc.2. þorsk-kind, a cod-fish; ó-kind, a nasty thing, monster; kindin þín, thou wretch! þú verðr hýdd, kindin þín! ef þú kemr of snemma heim í kveld, Piltr og Stúlka 9. -
71 koron|a
f 1. (na głowie) crown; (diadem) tiara- złota/diamentowa korona a gold/diamond crown- korona królewska a royal crown- bogato zdobiona korona a richly decorated crown- nosić/włożyć koronę to wear/put on a crown- król Jerzy w koronie King George wearing his crown- orzeł w koronie a crowned eagle- przyjął koronę z rąk cesarza he was crowned by the emperor- korona z kwiatów i liści a crown of flowers and leaves- ubiegłoroczna Miss Świata włożyła koronę na głowę swojej następczyni the previous Miss World crowned her successor2. (władza) crown- zdobyć/stracić koronę to win/lose the crown3. Hist. (królestwo) the Crown- korona Szwedzka the Swedish Crown- lenno korony polskiej a dependency a. fief of the Polish Crown- być wiernym koronie to be loyal to the Crown4. Hist. Korona (polska) the Crown (of the Kingdom of Poland)- Mazowsze przeszło na własność Korony Mazovia was incorporated into the Crown territories5. (fryzura) korona rudych/czarnych włosów a crown of red/black hair- nosić koronę warkoczy to wear a crown of braids- włosy upięte a. ułożone w koronę hair pinned a. done up in a crown of braids6. Bot. (część drzewa) crown- bujna korona a dense crown- drzewa o rozłożystych koronach trees with wide-spreading crowns- ptaki ukryte w koronach drzew birds hidden among the branches of the trees7. Bot. (część kwiatu) corona 8. (budowli, zapory) top (czegoś of sth); (drogi) crown (czegoś of sth) 9. Anat. (część zęba) crown 10. Stomat. (osłona) crown, cap- wstawić a. założyć koronę to place a. put a crown on a tooth, to cap a tooth- wstawić a. założyć sobie koronę to have a tooth crowned, to have a crown put on one’s tooth11. (ukoronowanie) korona boskiego stworzenia the crown of God’s creation- korona kolekcji the pride of a collection12. Fin. (waluta) (szwedzka, islandzka) crown, krona; (czeska) crown, koruna; (duńska, norweska) crown, krone 13. Gry (cztery asy) (no-trumps) honours GB, (no-trumps) honors US; four aces 14. Myślis. (deer/elk) antler crown- korona słoneczna Astron. corona■ korona ci z głowy nie spadnie, jeśli to zrobisz it wouldn’t hurt you to do it- korona im z głowy nie spadnie, jeżeli poczekają chwilę it won’t hurt them to wait a bitThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > koron|a
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72 председательствовать
1) General subject: be in the chair, chair, chairman, moderate, preside, sit in the chair, to be in the chair, hold the presidency of (In their letter, which was addressed to the Swedish prime minister, Fredrik Reinfeldt, who holds the presidency of the EU (Guardian, 04/09/2009))2) Law: take chair3) Economy: act as chairman4) Politics: chair the meeting, preside over5) Business: take the chair6) Makarov: officiate as chairmanУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > председательствовать
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73 renverser
renverser [ʀɑ̃vεʀse]➭ TABLE 11. transitive verba. ( = faire tomber) [+ personne, chaise] [+ vase, bouteille] to knock over ; [+ liquide] to spill ; [+ piéton] to run overb. ( = mettre à l'envers) to turn upside downc. [+ obstacle] to knock down ; [+ ordre établi, tradition, royauté] to overthrow ; [+ ministre] to remove from office• renverser le gouvernement (par un coup d'État) to overthrow the government ; (par un vote) to defeat the governmentd. ( = pencher) renverser la tête en arrière to tip one's head backe. [+ ordre des mots, courant] to reversef. ( = étonner) (inf) to stagger2. reflexive verba.* * *ʀɑ̃vɛʀse
1.
1) ( faire tomber) to knock over [personne, meuble, bouteille]; [automobiliste, véhicule] to knock down [piéton, cycliste]; [manifestants] to topple [statue]; to overturn [voiture]; [vague] to overturn [bateau]2) ( répandre) to spill [liquide, contenu]3) ( mettre à l'envers) to turn [something] upside down [sablier, flacon]4) ( pencher)renverser la tête en arrière — to tip ou tilt one's head back
5) ( inverser) to reverse [ordre, situation, rôles]; Physique to invert, to reverse [image]; Électrotechnique to reverse [courant]6) Politique ( mettre fin à) ( par la force) to overthrow, to topple [régime, dirigeant]; ( par un vote) to vote [somebody/something] out of office [dirigeant, gouvernement]7) (colloq) ( stupéfier) [événement, nouvelle] to stagger, to astound [personne]
2.
se renverser verbe pronominal [véhicule] to overturn; [bateau] to capsize; [objet, bouteille] to fall over; [liquide, contenu] to spill* * *ʀɑ̃vɛʀse vt1) (= faire tomber) [chaise, verre] to knock over, to overturn, [liquide, contenu] to spill, to upsetJ'ai renversé mon verre. — I knocked my glass over.
Il a renversé de l'eau partout. — He has spilt water everywhere.
2) [piéton] to knock downElle a été renversée par une voiture. — She was knocked down by a car.
3) [gouvernement] to overthrow4) (= pencher)5)6) (= stupéfier) to bowl over, to stagger* * *renverser verb table: aimerA vtr1 ( faire tomber) to knock over [meuble, bouteille, vase, seau]; [automobiliste, véhicule] to knock down, to run over [piéton, cycliste]; [manifestants] to topple [statue]; [manifestants, vandales] to overturn [voiture]; [vague] to overturn [bateau]; il courait sans regarder devant lui et a renversé une vieille dame he was running without looking where he was going and knocked over an old lady;2 ( répandre) to spill [liquide, contenu]; renverser du vin sur la moquette to spill wine on the carpet; il m'a renversé du jus sur la manche he spilled some juice on my sleeve;3 ( mettre à l'envers) to turn [sth] upside down [sablier, flacon];4 ( pencher) renverser la tête en arrière to tip ou tilt one's head back; renverser le buste en arrière to lean back;5 ( inverser) to reverse [termes, ordre, situation, rôles, tendance]; Phys to invert, to reverse [image]; Math to invert [fraction]; Électrotech to reverse [courant];6 Pol ( mettre fin à) ( par la force) to overthrow, to topple [régime, gouvernement, dirigeant]; ( par un vote) to vote [sth] out of office [gouvernement, dirigeant, ministère];7 ○( stupéfier) [événement, nouvelle] to stagger, to astound [personne]; il avait l'air renversé par la nouvelle he seemed staggered by the news.B se renverser vpr [véhicule] to overturn; [bateau] to capsize; [objet, bouteille] to fall over; [liquide, contenu] to spill.[rɑ̃vɛrse] verbe transitif1. [répandre - liquide] to spill[faire tomber - bouteille, casserole] to spill, to knock over (separable), to upset ; [ - table, voiture] to overturn[retourner exprès] to turn upside down2. [faire tomber - personne] to knock down (separable)être renversé par quelqu'un to be knocked down ou run over by somebodyse faire renverser par une voiture to get ou be knocked over by a car3. [inverser] to reversele Suédois renversa la situation au cours du troisième set the Swedish player managed to turn the situation round during the third set4. [détruire - obstacle] to overcome ; [ - valeurs] to overthrow ; [ - régime] to overthrow, to topplele président a été renversé the President was thrown out of ou removed from officea. [par la force] to overthrow ou to topple a governmentb. [par un vote] to bring down ou to topple a government5. [incliner en arrière] to tilt ou to tip back (separable)————————se renverser verbe pronominal intransitif1. [bouteille] to fall over[liquide] to spill[véhicule] to overturn[marée] to turn2. [personne] to lean over backwards -
74 BRÚ
* * *(-ar, pl. -ar, -r, brýr), f. bridge.* * *gen. brúar; nom. pl. brúar, Grág. i. 149, ii. 277, Eg. 529; brúr, Bs. i. 65 (Hungrvaka), is a bad spelling, cp. Landn. 332 (Mantissa); mod. pl. brýr, which last form never occurs in old writers; dat. sing. brú, gen. pl. brúa, dat. brúm: [A. S. brycg and bricg; Scot. brigg; Germ. brücke; Dan. bro; cp. bryggja]:—a bridge, Sturl. i. 244, 255, 256, iii. 24. In early times bridges, as well as ferries, roads, and hospitals, were works of charity, erected for the soul’s health; hence the names sælu-hús ( hospital), sælu-brú ( soul-bridge). In the Swedish-Runic stones such bridges are often mentioned, built by pious kinsmen for the souls of the dead, Baut. 41, 97, 119, 124, 146, 559, 796, 829, 1112, etc. The Icel. Libri Datici of the 12th century speak of sheltering the poor and the traveller, making roads, ferries, churches, and bridges, as a charge upon donations (sálu-gjafir); þat fé þarf eigi til tíundar at telja, er áðr er til Guðs þakka gefit, hvart sem þat er til kirkna lagit eðr brúa, eðr til sælu-skipa, K. Þ. K. 142, cp. D. I. i. 279, 402.COMPDS: brúarfundr, brúargörð, brúarsporðr. -
75 DUPT
n. dust (verða at dupti).* * *m., better duft, [it properly means the powder of flowers or the like; so duft in Germ. means a sweet smell as from flowers; in old writers duft is rare, dust (q. v.) freq.; in mod. use dust is almost obsolete, and as these two words can hardly be distinguished in old MSS. (where ft and st look like one another), the transcribers have often substituted duft, where the old MS. has dust: again, dufta (a verb) is never used, but only dusta: duft is probably a foreign South-Teutonic word; the Swedish uses only the more homely sounding ånga, vide angi]:—powder; d. ok aska. Stj. 204, Sks. 211, Magn. 448: botan. pollen; dupt-beri, a, m. the stamen of a flower; dupt-knappr, m. the anther; dupt-þráðr, m. the filament, Hjalt. -
76 EYÐA
(-dda, -ddr), v.1) to make empty (auðr), clear of, deprive of its contents (eyða allan fjörðinn bæði at mönnum ok fé); eyða bygð (bœi ok borgir, heröð), to desolate, lay waste;2) to desert, depart from (féllu sumir, en sumir eyddu hálfrýmin); eyða veizluna, to break up the feast; eyða þing, to dissolve the meeting;3) to do away with, destroy, with dat. (eyddi eldr konum ok börnum);4) to spend, squander (eyða fé, peningum);5) to render void in law, annul, with acc. or dat. (eyða vígsmál or vígsmálum);6) refl., eyðast, to come to nought; eyddist erfisgørðin fyrir honum, he let the funeral feast drop.* * *I. with dat. denoting to waste, destroy, of men or things; hann eyddi ( slew) öllum fjölkunnigum mönnum, Stj. 491, Fms. ii. 41, vii. 8; ekki muntu með þessu e. öllum sonum Haralds konungs, i. 16.β. of money; eyða fé, etc., to spend money, Eg. 70, Grág. i. 327, Nj. 29, Fms. i. 118: to squander, 655 iii. 1, Nj. 18, Fms. xi. 423, Fs. 79: reflex., hann átti land gott en eyddusk lausafé, but his loose cash went, Fms. vi. 102.II. with acc. to lay waste, desolate, or the like; upp eyða ( lay waste) alla þeirra bygð, Fms. v. 161; þá vóru eydd skip Svía-konungs átjan, eighteen of the Swedish king’s ships were made void of men, x. 353; hann eyddi bygðina, iv. 44.2. to desert, leave; en skyldi út bera ok e. skemmuna, Fms. v. 262; féllu sumir en sumir eyddu ( deserted from) hálfrýmin (in a battle), viii. 226; skip brotið eða eytt, a ship wrecked or abandoned, Grág. i. 91; en hón er nú eydd af mönnum, forlorn or deserted of men, Al. 1.β. impers., eða héruð eyði, if counties be laid waste, K. Þ. K. 38; hence eyði-hús, etc. (below).3. as a law term, of a meeting, to terminate, dissolve; ef þeir eru eigi samþinga, eðr vár-þing eru eydd, or if it be past the várþing, Grág. ii. 271; en er sá dagr kom er veizluna skyldi eyða, when men were to depart, break up the feast, Fms. xi. 331.4. a law term, eyða mál, sókn, vörn, to make a suit void by counter-pleading; e. dæmð mál, Grág. ii. 23; munu vér e. málit með öxar-hömrum, Fs. 61; ok eyðir málit fyrir Birni, 125; eyddi Broddhelgi þá enn málit, Vápn. 13; at hann vildi í því hans sök e., ef hann vildi hans mál í því e., of unlawful pleading, Grág. i. 121; vera má at Eysteinn konungr hafi þetta mál eytt með lögkrókum sínum, Fms. vii. 142; eyddusk sóknir ok varnir, Nj. 149: with dat., eytt vígsmálum, 244; hélt þá Snorri fram málinu ok eyddi bjargkviðnum, Eb. 160, Arnkels (but no doubt less correct). -
77 skaut-konungr
m. ‘sheet-king,’ the nickname of the Swedish king Olave who was an orphan child and was carried about by the Swedes, as the tale is told in Fas. i. 511, cp. Ó. H. ch. 15; but may not the name be derived from his having been an adopted son of the old king? See the references s. v. skaut (3). -
78 sigr-sæll
adj. blessed by victory, victorious, Eg. 646, Fms. i. 15;, Al. 97; s. í málum, Nj. 224; inn Sigrsæli, the Victorious, the Conqueror, a name of the Swedish king Eric from his conquests in the East, Hkr. -
79 линейная программа
Линейная программа (разработанная профессором Б.Ф. Скиннером) акцентирует необходимость разбиения материала учебного предмета на блоки, поочередно предъявляемые учащемуся, который методически прорабатывает всю программу. — The linear program (developed by Professor B.F. Skinner) emphasizes the need to break down a subject-matter into units which can be presented one by one to a student who proceeds methodically through the whole program.
программа повышения квалификации кадров, комплексная — comprehensive staff-development program
Одна из таких программ (так называемый проект Дельта (Швеция)) состояла из курса обучения по переписке с учебными заданиями для предъявления (которые оценивались механически), радио- и телепрограмм (или программ в виде магнитофонных и видеозаписей) и групповой работы. — One such program (the Swedish so-called Delta project) consisted of a correspondence course with assignments for submission (evaluated mechanically), radio and television (alternatively audio- and video-recorded programs), and group work.
Russian-English Dictionary "Microeconomics" > линейная программа
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80 Vermar
m. pl. the men from Verma-land in Sweden, Fms.: Vermskr, adj. from the (Swedish) county Vermaland, Eg 582: Verma, u, f. the name of a Norse river, Fb. i. 23.
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