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the+scottish

  • 61 Escocia

    f.
    1 Scotland.
    2 scotia, trochilus, concave molding, concave moulding.
    * * *
    1 Scotland
    \
    Nueva Escocia Nova Scotia
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    * * *
    femenino Scotland
    * * *
    = Scotland, north of the border.
    Ex. SCOLCAP is based on the National Library of Scotland and is financed by the Scottish Education Department, and through subscriptions.
    Ex. However, a recent debate in the Scottish Parliament suggests that problems north of the border continue to mirror those discussed in Westminster.
    ----
    * cooperativa bibliotecaria en Escocia = SCOLCAP.
    * nacido en Escocia = Scottish-born.
    * * *
    femenino Scotland
    * * *
    = Scotland, north of the border.

    Ex: SCOLCAP is based on the National Library of Scotland and is financed by the Scottish Education Department, and through subscriptions.

    Ex: However, a recent debate in the Scottish Parliament suggests that problems north of the border continue to mirror those discussed in Westminster.
    * cooperativa bibliotecaria en Escocia = SCOLCAP.
    * nacido en Escocia = Scottish-born.

    * * *
    Scotland
    * * *

    Del verbo escocer: ( conjugate escocer)

    escocía es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) imperfecto indicativo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperfecto indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    Escocia    
    escocer
    Escocia sustantivo femenino
    Scotland
    escocer ( conjugate escocer) verbo intransitivo [herida/ojos] to sting, smart
    Escocia sustantivo femenino Scotland
    escocer verbo intransitivo to sting, smart: le escocían los ojos, her eyes were sore
    su silencio escuece, her silence is irritating
    ' Escocia' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    típica
    - típico
    English:
    highland
    - hogmanay
    - Scotland
    - wee
    - from
    * * *
    Scotland
    * * *
    f Scotland

    Spanish-English dictionary > Escocia

  • 62 scozzese

    1. adj Scottish
    2. m f Scot
    * * *
    scozzese agg. Scottish, Scots; Scotch: stoffa scozzese, tartan (o plaid); gonna con disegno scozzese, tartan (o plaid) skirt ∙ Scottish e Scots sono le due forme più comuni per l'aggettivo; si tenga presente però che 'Scots' si usa generalmente solo per le persone: a Scottish (o Scots) engineer; Scotch riferito a persone è spregiativo, riferito a prodotti ne indica la provenienza: a Scotch whisky
    ◆ s.m.
    1 ( abitante) Scot, Scotsman*, Scotchman*
    2 ( lingua) (Scottish) Gaelic
    ◆ s.f. Scot, Scotswoman*, Scotchwoman*.
    * * *
    [skot'tsese]
    1. agg
    (gen) Scottish, (whisky) Scotch
    2. sm/f
    Scot, Scotsman (Scotswoman)
    * * *
    [skot'tsese] 1.
    aggettivo [carattere, paesaggio] Scottish; [ lingua] Scots; [ gonna] tartan; [ whisky] scotch
    2.
    sostantivo maschile e sostantivo femminile Scot; (uomo) Scotsman*, (donna) Scotswoman*
    3.
    sostantivo maschile
    1) ling. Scots
    2) (tessuto) tartan cloth
    * * *
    scozzese
    /skot'tsese/ ⇒ 25, 16
     [carattere, paesaggio] Scottish; [ lingua] Scots; [ gonna] tartan; [ whisky] scotch
    II m. e f.
     Scot; (uomo) Scotsman*, (donna) Scotswoman*; gli -i the Scots
    III sostantivo m.
     1 ling. Scots
     2 (tessuto) tartan cloth.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > scozzese

  • 63 Hochland

    n GEOG. uplands Pl., highlands Pl.; (Gebirge) mountains Pl.; das schottische Hochland the Scottish Highlands
    * * *
    das Hochland
    highland; upland; highlands
    * * *
    Hoch|land
    nt
    highland

    das schottische Hóchland — the Scottish Highlands pl

    * * *
    (a mountainous part of certain countries, especially (with capital) of Scotland.) highlands
    * * *
    Hoch·land
    [ˈho:xlant]
    nt highland usu pl
    das schottische \Hochland the Scottish Highlands npl
    * * *
    das; Pl. Hochländer highlands pl
    * * *
    Hochland n GEOG uplands pl, highlands pl; (Gebirge) mountains pl;
    das schottische Hochland the Scottish Highlands
    * * *
    das; Pl. Hochländer highlands pl
    * * *
    -¨er n.
    highland n.
    upland n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Hochland

  • 64 de procedencia escocesa

    (adj.) = Scottish-born
    Ex. For representatives of Carnegie libraries from around the world, a special programme will commemorate the Scottish-born philanthropist's extraordinary impact on public libraries.
    * * *
    (adj.) = Scottish-born

    Ex: For representatives of Carnegie libraries from around the world, a special programme will commemorate the Scottish-born philanthropist's extraordinary impact on public libraries.

    Spanish-English dictionary > de procedencia escocesa

  • 65 nacido en Escocia

    (adj.) = Scottish-born
    Ex. For representatives of Carnegie libraries from around the world, a special programme will commemorate the Scottish-born philanthropist's extraordinary impact on public libraries.
    * * *
    (adj.) = Scottish-born

    Ex: For representatives of Carnegie libraries from around the world, a special programme will commemorate the Scottish-born philanthropist's extraordinary impact on public libraries.

    Spanish-English dictionary > nacido en Escocia

  • 66 Wilson, Robert

    [br]
    b. September 1803 Dunbar, Haddingtonshire, East Lothian, Scotland
    d. 28 July 1882 Matlock, Derbyshire, England
    [br]
    Scottish mechanical engineer and inventor who developed the self-acting control gear applied to the steam-hammer.
    [br]
    Robert Wilson was the son of a fisherman who was drowned in a lifeboat rescue attempt in December 1810. He received only a meagre education and was apprenticed to a joiner. From a very early age he was much concerned with the idea of applying screw propellers to ships, and his invention was approved by the Highland Society and by the Scottish Society of Arts, who in 1832 awarded him a silver medal. He must have gained some experience as a mechanic and while working on his invention he made the acquaintance of James Nasmyth. In 1838 he became Works Manager at Nasmyth's Bridgewater Foundry and made an important contribution to the success of the steam-hammer by developing the self-acting control gear. From 1845 he was with the Low Moor Ironworks near Bradford, Yorkshire, but in July 1856 he returned to the Bridgewater Foundry so that he was able to take over as Managing Partner after Nasmyth's early retirement at the end of 1856. In 1867 the name of the firm was changed to Nasmyth, Wilson \& Co., and Wilson remained a partner until May 1882, when the firm became a limited company. Wilson often returned to his first invention, and two of his many patents related to improvements in screw propellers. In 1880 he received £500 from the War Department for the use of his double-action screw propeller as applied to the torpedo.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Member, Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1857. FRSE 1873. Member, Royal Scottish Society of Arts.
    Bibliography
    1860, The Screw Propeller: Who Invented It?, Glasgow.
    Further Reading
    J.A.Cantrell, 1984, James Nasmyth and the Bridgewater Foundry, Manchester, Appendix F, pp. 262–3 (a short biographical account and a list of his patents).
    RTS

    Biographical history of technology > Wilson, Robert

  • 67 Young, James

    SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology
    [br]
    b. 13 July 1811 Glasgow, Scotland
    d. 13 May 1883 Wemyss Bay, Scotland
    [br]
    Scottish chemist and pioneer petroleum technologist.
    [br]
    Young's early education took place in the evenings, after the day's work in his father's joinery. From 1830 he studied chemistry at the evening classes in Glasgow given by the distinguished Scottish chemist Thomas Graham (1805–69) and soon afterwards became Graham's assistant. When Graham moved to University College London in 1837, Young accompanied him.
    From 1839 he was employed in the chemical industry, first with James Muspratt at St Helens, Lancashire, and from 1843 with Tennant \& Company in Manchester. In 1848 his attention was drawn to an oil seepage in a mine at Alfreton, Derbyshire, of some 300 gallons per day; he set up his own works there to extract an oil that could be used for lighting and lubrication. When this source of oil was exhausted, three years later, Young moved to Lothian in Scotland. By distillation, he extracted oil from the oil-shale deposits there and thus founded the Scottish oil-shale industry: he obtained a high yield of paraffin oil for lighting and heating, and was a pioneer in the use of chemical methods in extracting and treating oil. In 1866 he disposed of his company for no less than £400,000. Young's other activities included measuring the speed of light by Fizeau's method and giving financial support to the expeditions of David Livingstone, who had been a fellow student in Glasgow.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    FRS 1873.
    Further Reading
    Obituary, 1884, Journal of the Chemical Society 45:630.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Young, James

  • 68 experience

    experience [ɪk'spɪərɪəns]
    1 noun
    (a) (in life, in a subject) expérience f;
    ∎ he has lots of experience il a beaucoup d'expérience ou une grande expérience;
    ∎ I had no previous experience je n'avais aucune expérience préalable;
    ∎ I had no experience of looking after disabled people je ne m'étais jamais occupé de personnes handicapées;
    ∎ do you have any experience of working with animals? avez-vous déjà travaillé avec des animaux?;
    ∎ she has considerable management experience elle a une expérience considérable de ou dans la gestion;
    ∎ to lack experience manquer d'expérience ou de pratique;
    ∎ to gain experience of life faire l'apprentissage de la vie;
    ∎ experience shows or proves that… l'expérience démontre ou montre ou prouve que…;
    ∎ I know from experience that he's not to be trusted je sais par expérience qu'il ne faut pas lui faire confiance;
    ∎ to know from bitter experience savoir pour en avoir fait la cruelle expérience;
    ∎ to speak from experience parler en connaissance de cause;
    ∎ in or from my (own) experience, (speaking) from personal experience d'après mon expérience personnelle;
    ∎ my experience has been or it has been my experience that… d'après mon expérience…;
    ∎ has that been your experience? (do you agree?) avez-vous remarqué la même chose?;
    ∎ to put sth down to experience tirer un enseignement ou une leçon de qch;
    ∎ it's all good experience (as consolation) à quelque chose malheur est bon;
    ∎ experience is the best teacher l'expérience est le meilleur des enseignements;
    ∎ the black experience in America la condition des Noirs en Amérique
    (b) (event) expérience f;
    ∎ I had so many exciting experiences j'ai vécu tant d'aventures passionnantes;
    ∎ after this stressful experience après cette expérience stressante;
    ∎ how did you enjoy the American experience? comment as-tu trouvé l'Amérique?;
    ∎ humorous bad weather is all part of the Scottish experience le mauvais temps fait partie intégrante des joies de l'Écosse;
    ∎ my first experience of French cooking/of a real Scottish New Year la première fois que j'ai goûté à la cuisine française/que j'ai assisté à un vrai réveillon écossais;
    ∎ it was his first experience of love c'était la première fois qu'il tombait amoureux;
    ∎ the crossing promises to be quite an experience la traversée promet d'être une expérience mémorable;
    ∎ I hope it wasn't a nasty experience for you j'espère que cela n'a pas été trop désagréable pour toi;
    ∎ a transatlantic cruise: the experience of a lifetime! une croisière à travers l'Atlantique: une expérience inoubliable!;
    ∎ it was not an experience I would care to repeat je ne voudrais pas renouveler l'expérience
    (a) (undergo → hunger, hardship, recession) connaître;
    ∎ to experience military combat faire l'expérience du combat militaire;
    ∎ he experienced great difficulty in raising the money il a eu beaucoup de mal à trouver l'argent nécessaire
    (b) (feel → thrill, emotion, despair) sentir, ressentir;
    ∎ she experienced a certain feeling of fear elle a ressenti une certaine frayeur;
    ∎ he is experiencing a great deal of anxiety at the moment il est très angoissé en ce moment
    ∎ come and experience Manhattan venez découvrir Manhattan;
    ∎ if you've never experienced French cooking si vous n'avez jamais goûté à la cuisine française;
    ∎ to experience a real Scottish New Year assister à un vrai réveillon écossais
    ►► Commerce experience curve courbe f d'expérience

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > experience

  • 69 set fire to smb.

    (set fire to smb. (или smth.; тж. set smb. или smth. on fire))
    зажечь, воспламенить кого-л. (или что-л.)

    When she was a child in school she had paused in some tableaux... and it had set her imagination on fire. (U. Sinclair, ‘World's End’, ch. 24) — Когда она была школьницей, ей приходилось участвовать в живых картинах... и это разбудило ее воображение.

    The Scottish song, so exquisitely sung by this Scottish girl, had set the Scottish audience on fire. (A. J. Cronin, ‘The Green Years’, book III, ch. 2) — Шотландская песня, которую так чудесно спела эта шотландская девушка, воспламенила шотландских слушателей.

    Nurse: "I said... leave me be." Intern: "It is a criminal offense to set fire to interns..." (E. Albee, ‘The Death of Bessie Smith’, sc. 2) — Медицинская сестра: "Я же вам сказала... оставьте меня в покое." Врач-стажер: "Так воспламенять - нет, это просто уголовное преступление..."

    Large English-Russian phrasebook > set fire to smb.

  • 70 near cash

    !
    гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.
    The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
    "
    consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
    " "
    the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
    " "
    strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
    "
    the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.
    The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
    "
    the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
    "
    the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.
    Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.
    Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)
    "
    Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
    "
    Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.
    More information about DEL and AME is set out below.
    In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.
    Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.
    Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.
    There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.
    AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.
    AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.
    AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.
    Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.
    Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.
    Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
    "
    Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
    "
    Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
    "
    Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
    "
    The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.
    The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.
    The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.
    Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.
    The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
    "
    provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
    " "
    enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
    " "
    introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
    "
    not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.
    To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.
    A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
    "
    an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
    " "
    an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
    " "
    to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
    "
    further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.
    The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.
    Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.
    The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.
    Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.
    To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.
    This document was updated on 19 December 2005.
    Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    "
    GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
    "
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.
    ————————————————————————————————————————

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash

  • 71 costear

    v.
    1 to pay for.
    2 to hug, to keep close to (Nautical) (la costa).
    3 to pay the cost of, to finance, to defray the expenses of, to pay for.
    4 to sail along.
    5 to sail along the coast, to coast, to follow the coast.
    * * *
    1 MARÍTIMO to coast, sail along
    ————————
    1 (pagar) to pay for, afford
    1 to pay one's way
    * * *
    1.
    VT (=financiar) to pay for, finance más frm; (Com, Econ) to finance; (Radio, TV) to back, sponsor

    costea los estudios a su sobrino — he is paying for his nephew's education, he is financing his nephew's studies

    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) ( financiar) to finance
    2) (Náut) to coast, sail along the coast of
    2.
    costear vi to sail along the coast
    3.
    costearse v pron (refl) ( pagarse)
    * * *
    = cover, finance, defray + costs.
    Ex. This started in 1980, and has around forty members who receive some support to cover telephone charges.
    Ex. SCOLCAP is based on the National Library of Scotland and is financed by the Scottish Education Department, and through subscriptions.
    Ex. The author offers a framework for law libraries considering introducing fees to defray costs.
    ----
    * costear los gastos de Algo = pay + Posesivo + way.
    * costearse = afford.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) ( financiar) to finance
    2) (Náut) to coast, sail along the coast of
    2.
    costear vi to sail along the coast
    3.
    costearse v pron (refl) ( pagarse)
    * * *
    = cover, finance, defray + costs.

    Ex: This started in 1980, and has around forty members who receive some support to cover telephone charges.

    Ex: SCOLCAP is based on the National Library of Scotland and is financed by the Scottish Education Department, and through subscriptions.
    Ex: The author offers a framework for law libraries considering introducing fees to defray costs.
    * costear los gastos de Algo = pay + Posesivo + way.
    * costearse = afford.

    * * *
    costear [A1 ]
    vt
    A (financiar) to finance
    le costeó los estudios she financed o paid for his studies
    B ( Náut) to coast, sail along the coast of
    ■ costear
    vi
    to sail along the coast
    A ( refl)
    (pagarse): se costeó él mismo los estudios he paid his own way through college, he financed his own studies
    B
    ( Arg) (desplazarse): me costeé hasta la capital para que me dijeran eso I went all the way to the capital just to be told that
    * * *

    costear ( conjugate costear) verbo transitivo ( financiar) to finance
    costearse verbo pronominal ( refl) ( financiarse):

    costear verbo transitivo to afford, pay for

    ' costear' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    sufragar
    English:
    work
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [pagar] to pay for
    2. Náut [la costa] to hug, to sail close to
    ♦ vi
    Náut to hug o sail close to the coast
    * * *
    1 v/t pay for
    2 v/i MAR sail along the coast
    * * *
    : to pay for, to finance

    Spanish-English dictionary > costear

  • 72 portavoz

    f. & m.
    spokesman, (f) spokeswoman (person).
    m.
    1 voice.
    2 spokesman, spokesperson of a cause, spokesperson, mouthpiece.
    3 spokeswoman.
    4 megaphone, speaking trumpet.
    * * *
    1 (gen) spokesperson; (hombre) spokesman; (mujer) spokeswoman
    * * *
    noun mf.
    spokesperson, spokesman / spokeswoman
    * * *
    1.
    SMF spokesman/spokeswoman, spokesperson
    2. SM
    1) pey (=periódico, emisora) mouthpiece
    2) (=altavoz) megaphone, loudhailer
    * * *
    masculino y femenino (m) spokesperson, spokesman; (f) spokesperson, spokeswoman
    * * *
    = spokesman [spokesmen, -pl.], spokesperson [spokespeople, -pl.], mouthpiece, spokeswoman [spokeswomen, -pl.], spin doctor, megaphone, spinner, voice.
    Ex. The philosophy of these critics was enunciated by one of their most prominent spokesmen, the famous Thomas Carlyle.
    Ex. Although I am not sure that research libraries' spokespersons are more articulate than others, their cataloging needs receive attention from the Library of Congress and from the American Library Association.
    Ex. This is the 1st issue of a journal intended as the mouthpiece of the Scottish Branch of the Library Association (UK) = Éste es el primer número de una revista cuyo objetivo es ser el portavoz de la Filial Escocesa de la Asociación de Bibliotecarios Británica.
    Ex. The UK Labour Party spokeswoman on information technology reviewed some of the future applications of the information superhighway to education.
    Ex. The author suggests that the spin doctor is a new communication role, and raises questions about its relationship to the traditional public relations model.
    Ex. When the news media in the United States serve as a megaphone for government policy, they do so under the flag of responsible journalism; when foreign media do the same, however, it is called 'propaganda'.
    Ex. The writer discusses how presidential spinner Ari Fleischer responded to questions about the proposed war with Iraq.
    Ex. There are networks which have been designed for transmitting information to and from computers, rather than transmitting people's voices.
    ----
    * el portavoz de = the voice of.
    * portavoz del gobierno = press spokesman.
    * * *
    masculino y femenino (m) spokesperson, spokesman; (f) spokesperson, spokeswoman
    * * *
    = spokesman [spokesmen, -pl.], spokesperson [spokespeople, -pl.], mouthpiece, spokeswoman [spokeswomen, -pl.], spin doctor, megaphone, spinner, voice.

    Ex: The philosophy of these critics was enunciated by one of their most prominent spokesmen, the famous Thomas Carlyle.

    Ex: Although I am not sure that research libraries' spokespersons are more articulate than others, their cataloging needs receive attention from the Library of Congress and from the American Library Association.
    Ex: This is the 1st issue of a journal intended as the mouthpiece of the Scottish Branch of the Library Association (UK) = Éste es el primer número de una revista cuyo objetivo es ser el portavoz de la Filial Escocesa de la Asociación de Bibliotecarios Británica.
    Ex: The UK Labour Party spokeswoman on information technology reviewed some of the future applications of the information superhighway to education.
    Ex: The author suggests that the spin doctor is a new communication role, and raises questions about its relationship to the traditional public relations model.
    Ex: When the news media in the United States serve as a megaphone for government policy, they do so under the flag of responsible journalism; when foreign media do the same, however, it is called 'propaganda'.
    Ex: The writer discusses how presidential spinner Ari Fleischer responded to questions about the proposed war with Iraq.
    Ex: There are networks which have been designed for transmitting information to and from computers, rather than transmitting people's voices.
    * el portavoz de = the voice of.
    * portavoz del gobierno = press spokesman.

    * * *
    masculine, feminine
    ( masculine) spokesperson, spokesman; ( feminine) spokesperson, spokeswoman
    Compuesto:
    foreman
    * * *

    portavoz sustantivo masculino y femenino (m) spokesperson, spokesman;
    (f) spokesperson, spokeswoman
    portavoz mf spokesperson
    (hombre) spokesman
    (mujer) spokeswoman: este periódico es el portavoz del partido socialista, this newspaper is the voice of the Socialist Party
    ' portavoz' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    erigirse
    - vocera
    - vocero
    - autorizado
    - personero
    English:
    mouthpiece
    - shadow cabinet
    - spokesman
    - spokesperson
    - spokeswoman
    - mouth
    - spin
    * * *
    1. [persona] spokesperson, spokesman, f spokeswoman
    2. [medio de comunicación] mouthpiece;
    esa cadena de televisión es la portavoz del gobierno that television channel is the voice o mouthpiece of the government
    * * *
    m/f hombre spokesman; mujer spokeswoman
    * * *
    portavoz nmf, pl - voces : spokesperson, spokesman m, spokeswoman f
    * * *
    portavoz n spokesperson
    Si es un hombre, se puede decir spokesman [pl. spokesmen]; si es una mujer, spokeswoman [pl. spokeswomen]

    Spanish-English dictionary > portavoz

  • 73 Caird, Sir James

    SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping
    [br]
    b. 2 January 1864 Glasgow, Scotland
    d. 27 September 1954 Wimbledon, London, England
    [br]
    Scottish shipowner and shipbuilder.
    [br]
    James Caird was educated at Glasgow Academy. While the connections are difficult to unravel, it is clear he was related to the Cairds of Greenock, whose shipyard on the Clyde built countless liners for the P \& O Company, and to the Caird family who were munificent benefactors of Dundee and the Church of Scotland.
    In 1878 Caird joined a firm of East India Merchants in Glasgow, but later went to London. In 1890 he entered the service of Turnbull, Martin \& Co., managers of the Scottish Shire Line of Steamers; he quickly rose to become Manager, and by 1903 he was the sole partner and owner. In this role his business skill became apparent, as he pioneered (along with the Houlder and Federal Lines) refrigerated shipping connections between the United Kingdom and Australia and New Zealand. In 1917 he sold his shipping interests to Messrs Cayzer Irvine, managers of the Clan Line.
    During the First World War, Caird set up a new shipyard on the River Wye at Chepstow in Wales. Registered in April 1916, the Standard Shipbuilding and Engineering Company took over an existing shipbuilder in an area not threatened by enemy attacks. The purpose of the yard was rapid building of standardized merchant ships during a period when heavy losses were being sustained because of German U-boat attacks. Caird was appointed Chairman, a post he held until the yard came under full government control later in the war. The shipyard did not meet the high expectations of the time, but it did pioneer standard shipbuilding which was later successful in the USA, the UK and Japan.
    Caird's greatest work may have been the service he gave to the councils which helped form the National Maritime Museum at Greenwich. He used all his endeavours to ensure the successful launch of the world's greatest maritime museum; he persuaded friends to donate, the Government to transfer artefacts and records, and he gave of his wealth to purchase works of art for the nation. Prior to his death he endowed the Museum with £1.25 million, a massive sum for the 1930s, and this (the Caird Fund) is administered to this day by the Trustees of Greenwich.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Baronet 1928 (with the title Sir James Caird of Glenfarquhar).
    Further Reading
    Frank C.Bowen, 1950, "The Chepstow Yards and a costly venture in government shipbuilding", Shipbuilding and Shipping Record (14 December).
    FMW

    Biographical history of technology > Caird, Sir James

  • 74 Kirkaldy, David

    [br]
    b. 4 April 1820 Mayfield, Dundee, Scotland
    d. 25 January 1897 London, England
    [br]
    Scottish engineer and pioneer in materials testing.
    [br]
    The son of a merchant of Dundee, Kirkaldy was educated there, then at Merchiston Castle School, Edinburgh, and at Edinburgh University. For a while he worked in his father's office, but with a preference for engineering, in 1843 he commenced an apprenticeship at the Glasgow works of Robert Napier. After four years in the shops he was transferred to the drawing office and in a very few years rose to become Chief. Here Kirkaldy demonstrated a remarkable talent both for the meticulous recording of observations and data and for technical drawing. His work also had an aesthetic appeal and four of his drawings of Napier steamships were shown at the Paris Exhibition of 1855, earning both Napier and Kirkaldy a medal. His "as fitted" set of drawings of the Cunard Liner Persia, which had been built in 1855, is now in the possession of the National Maritime Museum at Greenwich, London; it is regarded as one of the finest examples of its kind in the world, and has even been exhibited at the Royal Academy in London.
    With the impending order for the Royal Naval Ironclad Black Prince (sister ship to HMS Warrior, now preserved at Portsmouth) and for some high-pressure marine boilers and engines, there was need for a close scientific analysis of the physical properties of iron and steel. Kirkaldy, now designated Chief Draughtsman and Calculator, was placed in charge of this work, which included comparisons of puddled steel and wrought iron, using a simple lever-arm testing machine. The tests lasted some three years and resulted in Kirkaldy's most important publication, Experiments on Wrought Iron and Steel (1862, London), which gained him wide recognition for his careful and thorough work. Napier's did not encourage him to continue testing; but realizing the growing importance of materials testing, Kirkaldy resigned from the shipyard in 1861. For the next two and a half years Kirkaldy worked on the design of a massive testing machine that was manufactured in Leeds and installed in premises in London, at The Grove, Southwark.
    The works was open for trade in January 1866 and engineers soon began to bring him specimens for testing on the great machine: Joseph Cubitt (son of William Cubitt) brought him samples of the materials for the new Blackfriars Bridge, which was then under construction. Soon The Grove became too cramped and Kirkaldy moved to 99 Southwark Street, reopening in January 1874. In the years that followed, Kirkaldy gained a worldwide reputation for rigorous and meticulous testing and recording of results, coupled with the highest integrity. He numbered the most distinguished engineers of the time among his clients.
    After Kirkaldy's death, his son William George, whom he had taken into partnership, carried on the business. When the son died in 1914, his widow took charge until her death in 1938, when the grandson David became proprietor. He sold out to Treharne \& Davies, chemical consultants, in 1965, but the works finally closed in 1974. The future of the premises and the testing machine at first seemed threatened, but that has now been secured and the machine is once more in working order. Over almost one hundred years of trading in South London, the company was involved in many famous enquiries, including the analysis of the iron from the ill-fated Tay Bridge (see Bouch, Sir Thomas).
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland Gold Medal 1864.
    Bibliography
    1862, Results of an Experimental Inquiry into the Tensile Strength and Other Properties of Wrought Iron and Steel (originally presented as a paper to the 1860–1 session of the Scottish Shipbuilders' Association).
    Further Reading
    D.P.Smith, 1981, "David Kirkaldy (1820–97) and engineering materials testing", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 52:49–65 (a clear and well-documented account).
    LRD / FMW

    Biographical history of technology > Kirkaldy, David

  • 75 McAdam, John Loudon

    [br]
    b. 21 September 1756 Ayr, Ayrshire, Scotland
    d. 26 November 1836 Moffat, Dumfriesshire, Scotland
    [br]
    Scottish road builder, inventor of the macadam road surface.
    [br]
    McAdam was the son of one of the founder of the first bank in Ayr. As an infant, he nearly died in a fire which destroyed the family's house of Laywyne, in Carsphairn parish; the family then moved to Blairquhan, near Straiton. Thence he went to the parish school in Maybole, where he is said to have made a model section of a local road. In 1770, when his father died, he was sent to America where he was brought up by an uncle who was a merchant in New York. He stayed in America until the close of the revolution, becoming an agent for the sale of prizes and managing to amass a considerable fortune. He returned to Scotland where he settled at Sauchrie in Ayrshire. There he was a magistrate, Deputy-Lieutenant of the county and a road trustee, spending thirteen years there. In 1798 he moved to Falmouth in Devon, England, on his appointment as agent for revictualling of the Royal Navy in western ports.
    He continued the series of experiments started in Ayrshire on the construction of roads. From these he concluded that a road should be built on a raised foundation with drains formed on either side, and should be composed of a number of layers of hard stone broken into angular fragments of roughly cubical shape; the bottom layer would be larger rocks, with layers of progressively smaller rocks above, all bound together with fine gravel. This would become compacted and almost impermeable to water by the action of the traffic passing over it. In 1815 he was appointed Surveyor-General of Bristol's roads and put his theories to the test.
    In 1823 a Committee of the House of Commons was appointed to consider the use of "macadamized" roads in larger towns; McAdam gave evidence to this committee, and it voted to give him £10,000 for his past work. In 1827 he was appointed Surveyor-General of Roads and moved to Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire. From there he made yearly visits to Scotland and it was while returning from one of these that he died, at Moffat in the Scottish Borders. He had married twice, both times to American women; his first wife was the mother of all seven of his children.
    McAdam's method of road construction was much cheaper than that of Thomas Telford, and did much to ease travel and communications; it was therefore adopted by the majority of Turnpike Trusts in Britain, and the macadamization process quickly spread to other countries.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1819. A Practical Essay on the Scientific Repair and Preservation of Roads.
    1820. Present State of Road-Making.
    Further Reading
    R.Devereux, 1936, John Loudon McAdam: A Chapter from the History of Highways, London: Oxford University Press.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > McAdam, John Loudon

  • 76 Stevenson, Robert

    [br]
    b. 8 June 1772 Glasgow, Scotland
    d. 12 July 1850 Edinburgh, Scotland
    [br]
    Scottish lighthouse designer and builder.
    [br]
    After his father's death when he was only 2 years old, Robert Stevenson was educated at a school for children from families in reduced circumstances. However, c. 1788 his mother married again, to Thomas Smith, Engineer to the Northern Lighthouse Board. Stevenson then served an apprenticeship under his new stepfather. The Board, which is still an active force in the 1990s, was founded in 1786 to oversee the lights and buoyage in some of the wildest waters in Western Europe, the seas around the coasts of Scotland and the Isle of Man.
    After studies at Andersen's College (now the University of Strathclyde) and later at Edinburgh University, Stevenson assumed responsibility in the field for much of the construction work sanctioned by the Board. After some years he succeeded Smith as Engineer to the Board and thereby the long connection between the Northern Lights and the Stevenson family commenced.
    Stevenson became Engineer to the Board when he was about 30 years old, remaining in that office for the best part of half a century. During these years he improved catoptric lighting, adopted the central lamp refracting system and invented the intermittent flashing light. While these developments were sufficient to form a just memorial to the man, he was involved in greater endeavours in the construction of around twenty lighthouses, most of which had ingenious forms of construction. The finest piece was the Bell Rock Lighthouse, built on a reef off the Scottish East Coast. This enterprise took five years to complete and can be regarded as the most important construction of his life.
    His interests fitted in with those of the other great men living in and around Edinburgh at the time, and included oceanography, astronomy, architecture and antiquarian studies. He designed several notable bridges, proposed a design for the rails for railways and also made a notable study of marine timber borers. He contributed to Encyclopaedia Britannica and to many journals.
    His grandson, born in the year of his death, was the famous author Robert Louis Stevenson (1850–94).
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    FRS Edinburgh.
    Further Reading
    Sir Walter Scott, 1982, Northern Lights, Hawick.
    FMW

    Biographical history of technology > Stevenson, Robert

  • 77 britische Verbände

    ■ Die vier Nationalverbände des Vereinigten Königreiches - The Football Association, The Scottish Football Association, The Football Association of Wales und The Irish Football Association -, die vier Mitglieder des IFAB und einen Vizepräsidenten der FIFA benennen.
    ■ The four national associations in the United Kingdom, namely The Football Association, the Scottish Football Association, the Football Association of Wales and the Irish Football Association, which have the right to designate four members of the IFAB and one vice-president of FIFA.
    ► Each of the four British national associations is recognised as a separate member of FIFA.

    German-english football dictionary > britische Verbände

  • 78 British associations

    ■ The four national associations in the United Kingdom, namely The Football Association, the Scottish Football Association, the Football Association of Wales and the Irish Football Association, which have the right to designate four members of the IFAB and one vice-president of FIFA.
    ► Each of the four British national associations is recognised as a separate member of FIFA.
    ■ Die vier Nationalverbände des Vereinigten Königreiches - The Football Association, The Scottish Football Association, The Football Association of Wales und The Irish Football Association -, die vier Mitglieder des IFAB und einen Vizepräsidenten der FIFA benennen.

    Englisch-deutsch wörterbuch fußball > British associations

  • 79 chal

    m.
    shawl.
    * * *
    1 shawl
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    * * *
    masculino shawl, wrap
    * * *
    = shawl.
    Ex. The book tells the history of the paisley pattern in textiles from antiquity to the present, emphasizing the production of shawls in the Scottish town of Paisley in the first half of the 19th c.
    * * *
    masculino shawl, wrap
    * * *

    Ex: The book tells the history of the paisley pattern in textiles from antiquity to the present, emphasizing the production of shawls in the Scottish town of Paisley in the first half of the 19th c.

    * * *
    shawl, wrap
    * * *

    chal sustantivo masculino
    shawl, wrap
    chal sustantivo masculino shawl
    ' chal' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    sobre
    - encima
    - flecos
    English:
    shawl
    - wrap
    - throw
    * * *
    chal nm
    shawl
    * * *
    m shawl
    * * *
    chal nm
    mantón: shawl
    * * *
    chal n shawl

    Spanish-English dictionary > chal

  • 80 echarpe

    m.
    shawl.
    * * *
    1 shawl, stole
    * * *
    SM [a veces]
    SF (woman's) stole, scarf
    * * *
    masculino shawl, stole
    * * *
    = shawl.
    Ex. The book tells the history of the paisley pattern in textiles from antiquity to the present, emphasizing the production of shawls in the Scottish town of Paisley in the first half of the 19th c.
    * * *
    masculino shawl, stole
    * * *

    Ex: The book tells the history of the paisley pattern in textiles from antiquity to the present, emphasizing the production of shawls in the Scottish town of Paisley in the first half of the 19th c.

    * * *
    shawl, stole
    * * *

    echarpe sustantivo masculino
    shawl, stole
    ' echarpe' also found in these entries:
    English:
    throw
    * * *
    shawl
    * * *
    m scarf

    Spanish-English dictionary > echarpe

Страницы

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