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1 bȇrgъ
bȇrgъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: с Proto-Slavic meaning: `bank'Page in Trubačev: I 191-193Old Church Slavic:brěgъ `bank, shore, steep slope' [m o]Russian:béreg `bank, shore' [m o]Czech:břeh `bank, shore, boundary, edge' [m o];břech (dial.) `hill' [m o], břeha [Gens]Old Czech:břěh `hill, hillside, bank, shore, pier' [m o]Slovak:Polish:Upper Sorbian:Lower Sorbian:Serbo-Croatian:brȉjeg `bank, shore, boundary, edge, hill' [m o];Čak. brȋg (Vrgada) `bank, shore, boundary, edge, hill' [m o], brȋga [Gens];Čak. briȇg (Orbanići) `hill' [m o], briȇge [Locs]Slovene:brẹ̑g `bank, shore, hillside, hill' [m o]Bulgarian:Indo-European reconstruction: bʰerǵʰ-o-IE meaning: hillPage in Pokorny: 140Comments: In view of the Indo-Iranian and Armenian forms, the *g of the Slavic etymon is problematic. Attempts to establish *bergъ as a borrowing from Germanic or Venetic-Illyrian (Pokorny) seem unconvincing.Other cognates:Skt. br̯hánt- (RV+) `great, large, high'; -
2 kùpъ
kùpъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `heap, mound'Page in Trubačev: XIII 114-115Old Church Slavic:vъkupě `together, at the same time' [adv]Church Slavic:Russian:vkúpe (obs.) `together' [adv]Serbo-Croatian:kȕp `heap, pile, crowd' [m o];Čak. kȕp (Vrgada) `heap, pile' [m o];Čak. kȕp (Orbanići) `heap, pile' [m o]Slovene:kùp `heap, mass' [m o], kúpa [Gens];vkùp `together' [adv];vkȗpe(j) `together' [adv]Bulgarian:Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: káʔupo-Lithuanian:kaũpas `heap' [m o] 4;káupas (dial.) `heap' [m o] 1Indo-European reconstruction: keh₂up-o-Other cognates:Notes:\{1\} Cf. Latv. kãpa `dune, hillock, snowmound'. \{2\} Here we find no trace of a laryngeal, however. -
3 mělь
mělь; mělъ Grammatical information: f. i; m. oPage in Trubačev: XVIII 162-168Old Church Slavic:měla (Supr.) `lime' [Gensm o]Russian:Czech:měl (SSJČ) `spit' [f i];měl (Jungmann) `pebble, dust, shoal' [f i];měl (Kott) `loose earth, powder, pebble' [f i]Old Czech:měl `shoal, sand-bank, fodder' [m i]Polish:Old Polish:Serbo-Croatian:mẽlj (Čak.), mèlja [Gens] `fine sand' [m jo];mél (Čak.), mèla [Gens] `dust, powder' [m o]Slovene:mẹ̑lj `sand-bank' [m jo]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: (s)mēl-i-Lithuanian:smė̃lis `sand' [m io] 2 \{1\}Latvian:Indo-European reconstruction: mēlH-i-Certainty: +Page in Pokorny: 717Comments: The Baltic and Slavic forms are formally compatible with the root melH- `to grind', the Baltic word showing s mobile. The lengthened grade vowel points to an old root noun. Semantically, this etymology does not seem implausible to me ( pace Stang (l.c.), who, by the way, does not mention any Baltic forms).Other cognates:Sw. mjåg (dial.) `sand-hill, high riverbank';Notes:\{1\} Also Standard Lithuanian is smėlỹs 4. \{2\} Judging by the Lithuanian evidence, the zero grade of the root was originally acute: smiltis 1/3/4 (LKŽ) `fine sand, gritty earth'. The only non-ambiguous Latvian forms in ME are smìlts and smìltis `sand', however. The most plausible option is that the Latvian falling tone is secondary (cf. Derksen 1996: 147). \{3\} The Scandinavian forms with sm- could derive from the root melH- `grind' preceded by s mobile. OIc. melr and Sw. (dial.) mjåg < *mjalg are mentioned by Stang in connection with Ru. mel' etc. (1972: 36). According to Stang, these words point to *melha- /melga. Therefore the possible etymological relationship with the Slavic forms is limited to the root. -
4 mělъ
mělь; mělъ Grammatical information: f. i; m. oPage in Trubačev: XVIII 162-168Old Church Slavic:měla (Supr.) `lime' [Gensm o]Russian:Czech:měl (SSJČ) `spit' [f i];měl (Jungmann) `pebble, dust, shoal' [f i];měl (Kott) `loose earth, powder, pebble' [f i]Old Czech:měl `shoal, sand-bank, fodder' [m i]Polish:Old Polish:Serbo-Croatian:mẽlj (Čak.), mèlja [Gens] `fine sand' [m jo];mél (Čak.), mèla [Gens] `dust, powder' [m o]Slovene:mẹ̑lj `sand-bank' [m jo]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: (s)mēl-i-Lithuanian:smė̃lis `sand' [m io] 2 \{1\}Latvian:Indo-European reconstruction: mēlH-i-Certainty: +Page in Pokorny: 717Comments: The Baltic and Slavic forms are formally compatible with the root melH- `to grind', the Baltic word showing s mobile. The lengthened grade vowel points to an old root noun. Semantically, this etymology does not seem implausible to me ( pace Stang (l.c.), who, by the way, does not mention any Baltic forms).Other cognates:Sw. mjåg (dial.) `sand-hill, high riverbank';Notes:\{1\} Also Standard Lithuanian is smėlỹs 4. \{2\} Judging by the Lithuanian evidence, the zero grade of the root was originally acute: smiltis 1/3/4 (LKŽ) `fine sand, gritty earth'. The only non-ambiguous Latvian forms in ME are smìlts and smìltis `sand', however. The most plausible option is that the Latvian falling tone is secondary (cf. Derksen 1996: 147). \{3\} The Scandinavian forms with sm- could derive from the root melH- `grind' preceded by s mobile. OIc. melr and Sw. (dial.) mjåg < *mjalg are mentioned by Stang in connection with Ru. mel' etc. (1972: 36). According to Stang, these words point to *melha- /melga. Therefore the possible etymological relationship with the Slavic forms is limited to the root. -
5 gъrbъ
gъrbъ; gъrba Grammatical information: m. o; f. ā Proto-Slavic meaning: `hump'Page in Trubačev: VII 199-201Church Slavic:Russian:Czech:Slovak:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:gȓb `back' [m o];gȑba `hump' [f ā]Slovene:gȓb `hump, back, wrinkle' [m o];gŕba `hump, back, wrinkle' [f ā]Bulgarian:grăb `back' [m o];gắrba `hump' [f ā]Old Prussian:Certainty: -Page in Pokorny: 387Comments: In my opinion, it is preferable to separate * gъrbъ from -> *grǫbъ, * grubъ `coarse, rude'. Of course, the roots may have influenced one another. We may reconstruct * grbʰ-, if we wish to stick to Indo-European terms, perhaps an enlarged of a root meaning `bend' (cf. Mažiulis PKEŽ IV: 324-326).Notes:\{1\} The emendation is justified by many place-names, e.g. Gailgarben or Geylegarben `Weissenberg'. -
6 gъrba
gъrbъ; gъrba Grammatical information: m. o; f. ā Proto-Slavic meaning: `hump'Page in Trubačev: VII 199-201Church Slavic:Russian:Czech:Slovak:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:gȓb `back' [m o];gȑba `hump' [f ā]Slovene:gȓb `hump, back, wrinkle' [m o];gŕba `hump, back, wrinkle' [f ā]Bulgarian:grăb `back' [m o];gắrba `hump' [f ā]Old Prussian:Certainty: -Page in Pokorny: 387Comments: In my opinion, it is preferable to separate * gъrbъ from -> *grǫbъ, * grubъ `coarse, rude'. Of course, the roots may have influenced one another. We may reconstruct * grbʰ-, if we wish to stick to Indo-European terms, perhaps an enlarged of a root meaning `bend' (cf. Mažiulis PKEŽ IV: 324-326).Notes:\{1\} The emendation is justified by many place-names, e.g. Gailgarben or Geylegarben `Weissenberg'. -
7 kuka
I. kuka I Grammatical information: f. āPage in Trubačev: XIII 86-87Russian:kúka `fist, lever, handle' [f ā]Belorussian:kúka `big wooden hammer' [f ā]Ukrainian:kúka `big wooden rattle' [f ā]Serbo-Croatian:kȕka `hook, poker' [f ā];Čak. kȕka (Orbanići) `hook' [f ā]Slovene:kúka `insect, intestinal worm, pig' [f ā]Bulgarian:kúka `hook' [f ā]Lithuanian:kaũkas `lump' [m o]Indo-European reconstruction: koukPage in Pokorny: 589Other cognates:OIr. cúar `crooked' [adj]II. kuka II Grammatical information: f. ā Proto-Slavic meaning: `goblin'Page in Trubačev: XIII 86-87Russian:kúka (dial.) `wood-goblin' [f ā]Belorussian:kúka (dial.) `something terrible living in the dark' [f ā]Slovincian:Upper Sorbian:Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: koukos; koukaʔLithuanian:kaũkas `goblin' [m o]Old Prussian:cawx `devil'
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