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81 γινώσκω

γινώσκω (in the form γιγνώσκω [s. below] since Homer; γιν. in Attic ins in Meisterhans³-Schw. index, from 325 B.C.; in pap fr. 277 B.C. [Mayser 165]; likew. LXX, pseudepigr., Philo, Joseph., apolog.) impf. ἐγίνωσκον; fut. γνώσομαι; 2 aor. ἔγνων, impv. γνῶθι, γνώτω, subj. 1 sg. γνῶ and 3 sg. γνῶ (γνοῖ Mk 5:43; 9:30; Lk 19:15; Hm 4, 1, 5; B-D-F §95, 2; W-S. §13, 22; Mlt-H. 83; Rob. 1214); 2 sg. γνώσῃς (TestAbr A 8 p. 86, 5 [Stone p. 20]); opt. 1 sg. γνῴην; 3 sg. γνοίη Job 23:3, 5; inf. γνῶναι, ptc. γνούς; pf. ἔγνωκα, 3 pl. ἔγνωκαν J 17:7 (W-S. §13, 15 n. 15); plpf. ἐγνώκειν. Pass.: 1 fut. γνωσθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐγνώσθην; pf. ἔγνωσμαι. (On the spellings γινώσκειν and γιγνώσκειν s. W-S. §5, 31; B-D-F §34, 4; Mlt-H. 108.) This verb is variously nuanced in contexts relating to familiarity acquired through experience or association with pers. or thing.

① to arrive at a knowledge of someone or someth., know, know about, make acquaintance of

ⓐ w. acc. of thing: mysteries (Wsd 2:22; En 104:12) Mt 13:11; Mk 4:11 v.l.; Lk 8:10; will of the Master (Just., D. 123, 4) 12:47f; that which brings peace 19:42; truth (Jos., Ant. 13, 291) J 8:32; times Ac 1:7; sin Ro 7:7; affection 2 Cor 2:4; spirit of truth J 14:17; way of righteousness 2 Pt 2:21 P⁷²; God’s glory 1 Cl 61:1.—Abs. γνόντες (Is 26:11) when they had ascertained it Mk 6:38; ἐκ μέρους γ. know fragmentarily, only in part 1 Cor 13:9, 12.—W. prep. γ. τι ἔκ τινος (X., Cyr. 1, 6, 45; Jos., Vi. 364) know a thing by someth. (Diod S 17, 101, 6): a tree by its fruit Mt 12:33; Lk 6:44; 1J 4:6; γ. τι ἔν τινι (Sir 4:24; 26:9) 1J 4:2. Also γ. τι κατά τι (Gen 15:8): κατὰ τί γνώσομαι τοῦτο; by what (= how) shall I know this? Lk 1:18.

ⓑ w. personal obj. (Plut., Mor. 69c ἄνδρα τοιοῦτον οὐκ ἔγνωμεν; Did., Gen. 45, 24 evil powers): God (Ael. Aristid. 52, 2 K.=28 p. 551 D.: γ. τὸν θεόν; Herm. Wr. 1, 3; 10, 19a; Sallust. 18, 3 p. 34, 9 θεούς; 1 Km 2:10; 3:7; 1 Ch 28:9; 3 Macc 7:6; PsSol 2:31; Da 11:32 Theod.; Philo, Ebr. 45; Ar. 15, 3; Just., D. 14, 12; Orig., C. Cels. 6, 66, 26f) J 14:7ab; 17:3, 25; Ro 1:21; Gal 4:9; 1J 2:3, 13; 3:1, 6; 4:6ff; 5:20 (for 1J s. M-EBoismard, RB 56, ’49, 365–91); PtK 2. Jesus Christ J 14:7; 17:3; 2 Cor 5:16 ( even though we have known Christ [irrealis, ‘contrary to fact’, is also prob.=even if we had known; cp. Gal 5:11], we now no longer know him; on this pass. s. κατά B7a; σάρξ 5); 1J 2:3f (Just., D. 28, 3). τινὰ ἔν τινι someone by someth. (Ps 47:4; Sir 11:28; TestNapht 3:4) Lk 24:35.

ⓒ w. ὅτι foll. (BGU 824, 8; Philo, Det. Pot. Ins. 22) Mt 25:24; J 6:69; 7:26; 8:52; 14:20, 31; 17:7f, 25; 19:4. W. ὅθεν preceding by this one knows (EpJer 22) 1J 2:18. ἐν τούτῳ (Gen 42:33; Ex 7:17; Josh 3:10 al.) J 13:35; 1J 2:3, 5; 4:13; 5:2. W. combination of two constr. ἐν τούτῳ γινώσκομεν ὅτι μένει ἐν ἡμῖν, ἐκ τοῦ πνεύματος by this we know that (Jesus Christ) remains in us, namely by the spirit 3:24; cp. 4:13. W. an indir. question foll. (1 Km 14:38: 25:17; 2 Km 18:29; Ps 38:5) Mt 12:7; J 7:51. W. combination of two questions (double interrogative) ἵνα γνοῖ τίς τί διεπραγματεύσατο that he might know what each one had gained in his dealings Lk 19:15.

② to acquire information through some means, learn (of), ascertain, find out

ⓐ w. acc. as obj. (1 Km 21:3; 1 Ch 21:2; 4 Macc 4:4) τοῦτο (1 Km 20:3) Mk 5:43. τὰ γενόμενα what has happened Lk 24:18. τὸ ἀσφαλές Ac 21:34; 22:30. τὰ περὶ ἡμῶν our situation Col 4:8; your faith 1 Th 3:5. Pass. become known to someone w. or without dat. of the pers. who is informed: of secret things Mt 10:26; Lk 8:17; 12:2. Of plots Ac 9:24 (cp. 1 Macc 6:3; 7:3, 30 al.).

ⓑ w. ὅτι foll. (PGiss 11, 4 [118 A.D.] γεινώσκειν σε θέλω ὅτι; 1 Esdr 2:17; Ruth 3:14) J 4:1; 5:6; 12:9; Ac 24:11 v.l.

ⓒ abs. (1 Km 14:29; 3 Km 1:11; Tob 8:12 al.) μηδεὶς γινωσκέτω nobody is to know of this Mt 9:30. ἵνα τις γνοῖ that anyone should obtain knowledge of it Mk 9:30.

ⓓ γ. ἀπό τινος ascertain fr. someone 15:45.

③ to grasp the significance or meaning of someth., understand, comprehend

ⓐ w. acc. foll. (Sir 1:6; 18:28; Wsd 5:7 v.l.; 9:13; Bar 3:9 al.; Just., A I, 63, 5; D. 68, 1 σκληροκάρδιοι πρὸς τὸ γνῶναι νοῦν … τοῦ θεοῦ): parables Mk 4:13; what was said Lk 18:34; (w. ἀναγινώσκειν in wordplay) Ac 8:30. ταῦτα J 3:10; 12:16; what one says J 8:43; God’s wisdom 1 Cor 2:8; the nature of God vs. 11; the nature of the divine spirit vs. 14; the love of Christ Eph 3:19 (s. γνῶσις 1); God’s ways Hb 3:10 (Ps 94:10); τὸν νόμον know the law J 7:49; Ro 7:1 (here perh.=have the law at one’s fingertips, cp. Menand., Sicyonius 138f, τῶν τοὺς νόμους εἰδότων; Just., D. 123, 2). πῶς οὖν [ταῦτα γιγν]ώ̣σκομεν; how then shall we know these things? Ox 1081, 25f (=SJCh 90, 1f), as read by Till p. 220 app.

ⓑ abs. Mt 24:39.

ⓒ w. ὅτι foll. (Wsd 10:12; EpJer 64; 1 Macc 6:13; 7:42; 2 Macc 7:28 al.) Mt 21:45; 24:32; Mk 12:12; 13:28f; Lk 21:30f; J 4:53; 8:27f; 2 Cor 13:6; Js 2:20.

ⓓ w. indir. question foll. (Job 19:29) J 10:6; 13:12, 28.

④ to be aware of someth., perceive, notice, realize

ⓐ w. acc.: their wickedness Mt 22:18; γ. δύναμιν ἐξεληλυθυῖαν that power had gone out Lk 8:46 (on the constr. w. the ptc. cp. PHamb 27, 13 [III B.C.]; BGU 1078 [I A.D.] γίνωσκε ἡγεμόνα εἰσεληλυθότα; POxy 1118, 7; Jos., Ant. 17, 342; Just., D. 39, 2 al.).

ⓑ abs. (Ex 22:9; 1 Km 26:12) Mt 16:8; 26:10; Mk 7:24; 8:17.

ⓒ w. ὅτι foll. (Gen 3:7; 8:11; 1 Macc 1:5 al.): ἔγνω τῷ σώματι ὅτι ἴαται she felt in her body that she was healed Mk 5:29; cp. 15:10; J 6:15; 16:19; Ac 23:6.

⑤ to have sexual intercourse with, have sex/marital relations with, euphemistic ext. of 1 (Menand., Fgm. 558, 5 Kock; Heraclid. Lembus, Pol. 64 [Aristot., Fgm. ed. VRose 1886, 383]; oft. in Plut. and other later authors, and LXX [Anz 306]) w. acc., said of a man as agent (Gen 4:1, 17; 1 Km 1:19; Jdth 16:22; ApcMos 4; Did., Gen. 143, 9) Mt 1:25 (in connection w. the topic of 1:25f see Plut., Mor. 717e; Olympiodorus, Vi. Plat. 1 [Westermann, 1850]: φάσμα Ἀπολλωνιακὸν συνεγένετο τῇ μητρὶ αὐτοῦ τῇ Περικτιόνῃ καὶ ἐν νυκτὶ φανὲν τῷ Ἀρίστωνι ἐκέλευσεν αὐτῷ μὴ μιγνύναι τῇ Περικτιόνῃ μέχρι τ. χρόνου τῆς ἀποτέξεως. Ὁ δʼ οὕτω πεποίηκεν: ‘an apparition of Apollo had relations with [Plato’s] mother Perictione, and in a nocturnal appearance to Ariston [Plato’s father] ordered him not to have intercourse w. P. until the time of her parturition. So he acted accordingly.’—The legend of Plato’s birth is traceable to Plato’s nephew Speusippus [Diog. L. 3:2; Jerome, Adv. Iovin. 1, 42]); of a woman (Judg 11:39; 21:12; Theodor. Prodr. 9, 486 H.) Lk 1:34 (DHaugg, D. erste bibl. Marienwort ’38; FGrant, JBL 59, ’40, 19f; HSahlin, D. Messias u. d. Gottesvolk, ’45, 117–20).

⑥ to have come to the knowledge of, have come to know, know (Nägeli 40 w. exx.)

ⓐ w. acc.

α. of thing (Bar 3:20, 23; Jdth 8:29; Bel 35; Just., D. 110, 1 καὶ τοῦτο γ.): τὴν ποσότητα 1 Cl 35:3; hearts (Ps 43:22) Lk 16:15; will Ro 2:18; truth (Just., D. 139, 5; Tat. 13, 1) 2J 1; 2 Cor 5:21; grace 8:9; πάντα (2 Km 14:20; Just., D. 127, 2) 1J 3:20. τὶ 1 Cor 8:2a. W. object clause preceding: ὸ̔ κατεργάζομαι οὐ γ. what I am accomplishing I really do not know Ro 7:15 (here γ. almost=desire, want, decide [Polyb. 5, 82, 1; Plut., Lycurg. 41[3, 9] ἔγνω φυγεῖν; Appian, Syr. 5 §18; Arrian, Anab. 2, 21, 8; 2, 25, 8; Paradox. Vat. 46 Keller ὅ τι ἂν γνῶσιν αἱ γυναῖκες; Jos., Ant. 1, 195; 14, 352; 16, 331]; mngs. 3 understand and 7 recognize are also prob.). W. attraction of the relative ἐν ὥρᾳ ᾗ οὐ γ. at an hour unknown to him Mt 24:50; Lk 12:46. W. acc. and ptc. (on the constr. s. 4a above) τὴν πόλιν νεωκόρον οὖσαν that the city is guardian of the temple Ac 19:35.

β. of pers. know someone (Tob 5:2; 7:4; Is 1:3) J 1:48; 2:24; 10:14f, 27; Ac 19:15; 2 Ti 2:19 (Num 16:5); Ox 1 recto, 14 (GTh 31). W. acc. and ptc. (s. α above, end and e.g. Just., A I, 19, 6) Hb 13:23.

ⓑ w. acc. and inf. (Da 4:17; Just., D. 130, 2 al.) Hb 10:34.

ⓒ w. ὅτι foll. (Sir 23:19; Bar 2:30; Tob 3:14) J 21:17; Ac 20:34; Phil 1:12; Js 1:3; 2 Pt 1:20; 3:3; γ. τοὺς διαλογισμοὺς ὅτι εἰσὶν μάταιοι he knows that the thoughts are vain 1 Cor 3:20 (Ps 93:11).—Oft. γινώσκετε, ὅτι you may be quite sure that Mt 24:33, 43; Mk 13:28f; Lk 10:11; 12:39; 21:31; J 15:18; 1J 2:29 (cp. UPZ 62, 32 [161 B.C.] γίνωσκε σαφῶς ὅτι πρός σε οὐ μὴ ἐπέλθω; 70, 14; 3 Macc 7:9; Judg 4:9; Job 36:5; Pr 24:12). In τοῦτο ἴστε γινώσκοντες, ὅτι Eph 5:5 the question is whether the two verbs are to be separated or not. In the latter case, one could point to Sym. Jer 49:22 ἴστε γινώσκοντες and 1 Km 20:3.

ⓓ w. indir. question (Gen 21:26; 1 Km 22:3; Eccl 11:5; 2 Macc 14:32; Just., A I, 63, 3 τί πατὴρ καὶ τί υἱός) Lk 7:39; 10:22; J 2:25; 11:57.

ⓔ w. adv. modifier γ. Ἑλληνιστί understand Greek Ac 21:37 (cp. X., Cyr. 7, 5; 31 ἐπίστασθαι Συριστί).

ⓕ abs. (Gen 4:9; 18:21; 4 Km 2:3; Sir 32:8) Lk 2:43. τί ἐγὼ γινώσκω; how should I know? Hs 9, 9, 1.

⑦ to indicate that one does know, acknowledge, recognize as that which one is or claims to be τινά (Plut., Ages. 597 [3, 1]; Jos., Ant. 5, 112) οὐδέποτε ἔγνων ὑμᾶς I have never recognized you Mt 7:23; cp. J 1:10. ἐὰν γνωσθῇ πλέον τ. ἐπισκόπου if he receives more recognition than the supervisor (bishop) IPol 5:2. Of God as subject recognize someone as belonging to God, choose, almost= elect (Am 3:2; Hos 12:1; SibOr 5, 330) 1 Cor 8:3; Gal 4:9. In these pass. the γ. of God directed toward human beings is conceived of as the basis of and condition for their coming to know God; cp. the language of the Pythagoreans in HSchenkl, Wiener Studien 8, 1886 p. 265, no. 9 βούλει γνωσθῆναι θεοῖς• ἀγνοήθητι μάλιστα ἀνθρώποις; p. 277 no. 92 σοφὸς ἄνθρωπος κ. θεὸν σεβόμενος γινώσκεται ὑπὸ τ. θεοῦ; Porphyr., ad Marcellam 13 σοφὸς ἄνθρωπος γινώσκεται ὑπὸ θεοῦ; Herm. Wr. 1, 31 θεός, ὸ̔ς γνωσθῆναι βούλεται καὶ γινώσκεται τοῖς ἰδίοις; 10, 15 οὐ γὰρ ἀγνοεῖ τὸν ἄνθρωπον ὁ θεός, ἀλλὰ καὶ πάνυ γνωρίζει καὶ θέλει γνωρίζεσθαι. S. Rtzst., Mysterienrel.³ 299f; Ltzm. on 1 Cor 8:3; RAC XI 446–659.—On the whole word: BSnell, D. Ausdrücke für die Begriffe des Wissens in d. vorplatonischen Philosophie 1924; EBaumann, ידע u. seine Derivate: ZAW 28, 1908, 22ff; 110ff; WBousset, Gnosis: Pauly-W. VII 1912, 1503ff; Rtzst., Mysterienrel.³ 66–70; 284–308; PThomson, ‘Know’ in the NT: Exp. 9th ser. III, 1925, 379–82; AFridrichsen, Gnosis (Paul): ELehmann Festschr. 1927, 85–109; RPope, Faith and Knowledge in Pauline and Johannine Thought: ET 41, 1930, 421–27; RBultmann, TW I ’33, 688–715; HJonas, Gnosis u. spätantiker Geist I ’34; ²’55; EPrucker, Gnosis Theou ’37; JDupont, La Connaissance religieuse dans les Épîtres de Saint Paul, ’49; LBouyer, Gnosis: Le Sens orthodoxe de l’expression jusqu’aux pères Alexandrins: JTS n.s. 4, ’53, 188–203; WDavies, Knowledge in the Dead Sea Scrolls and Mt 11:25–30: HTR 46, ’53, 113–39; WSchmithals, D. Gnosis in Kor. ’55, ³’69; MMagnusson, Der Begriff ‘Verstehen’ (esp. in Paul), ’55; RCasey, Gnosis, Gnosticism and the NT: CDodd Festschr., ’56, 52–80; IdelaPotterie, οἶδα et γινώσκω (4th Gosp.), Biblica 40, ’59, 709–25; H-JSchoeps, Urgemeinde, Judenchristentum, Gnosis ’56; EKäsemann, Das Wandernde Gottesvolk (Hb)², ’57; HJonas, The Gnostic Religion, ’58; JDupont, Gnosis, ’60; UWilckens, Weisheit u. Torheit ( 1 Cor 1 and 2) ’59; DGeorgi, Die Gegner des Pls im 2 Cor, ’64; DScholer, Nag Hammadi Bibliography, 1948–69, ’71.—B. 1209f. DELG s.v. γιγνώσκω. EDNT. M-M. TW. Sv.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > γινώσκω
82 διά

διά prep. w. gen. and acc. (Hom.+) (for lit. s. ἀνά, beg.); the fundamental idea that finds expression in this prep. is separation, esp. in the gen., with the gener. sense ‘through’; in the acc. the gener. sense also is ‘through’ (cp. the semantic range in Eng.), but primarily with a causal focus ‘owing to’.

A. w. gen.

① marker of extension through an area or object, via, through

ⓐ w. verbs of going διέρχεσθαι διὰ πάντων (sc. τόπων, EpArist 132) go through all the places Ac 9:32; cp. Mt 12:43; Lk 11:24. ἀπελεύσομαι διʼ ὑμῶν εἰς I will go through your city on the way to Ro 15:28; cp. 2 Cor. 1:16. διαβαίνειν Hb 11:29. διαπορεύεσθαι διὰ σπορίμων Lk 6:1. εἰσέρχεσθαι διὰ τῆς πύλης (Jos., Ant. 13, 229) Mt 7:13a; τ. θύρας J 10:1f; cp. vs. 9. παρέρχεσθαι διὰ τ. ὁδοῦ pass by along the road Mt 8:28; cp. 7:13b. παραπορεύεσθαι Mk 2:23; 9:30. περιπατεῖν διὰ τοῦ φωτός walk about through or in the light Rv 21:24. ὑποστρέφειν διὰ Μακεδονίας return through M. Ac 20:3.—Ἰης. ὁ ἐλθὼν διʼ ὕδατος καὶ αἵματος 1J 5:6 first of all refers quite literally to Jesus’ passing through water at the hand of John and through blood at his death (on the expression ‘come through blood’ in this sense cp. Eur., Phoen. 20 in Alex. Aphr., Fat. 31 II 2 p. 202, 10, of the oracle to Laius the father of Oedipus, concerning the bloody downfall of his house: πᾶς σὸς οἶκος βήσεται διʼ αἵματος). But mng. 3c may also apply: Jesus comes with the water of baptism and with the blood of redemption for his own.—AKlöpper, 1J 5:6–12: ZWT 43, 1900, 378–400.—The ῥῆμα ἐκπορευόμενον διὰ στόματος θεοῦ Mt 4:4 (Dt 8:3) is simply the word that proceeds out of the mouth of God (cp. Theognis 1, 18 Diehl³ τοῦτʼ ἔπος ἀθανάτων ἦλθε διὰ στομάτων; Pittacus in Diog. L. 1, 78 διὰ στόματος λαλεῖ; Chrysippus argues in Diog. L. 7, 187: εἴ τι λαλεῖς, τοῦτο διὰ τοῦ στόματός σου διέρχεται, i.e. if one e.g. says the word ἅμαξα, a wagon passes through the person’s lips; TestIss 7:4 ψεῦδος οὐκ ἀνῆλθε διὰ τ. χειλέων μου. Cp. also δέχεσθαι διὰ τῶν χειρῶν τινος Gen 33:10 beside δέχ. ἐκ τ. χειρ. τινος Ex 32:4).

ⓑ w. other verbs that include motion: οὗ ὁ ἔπαινος διὰ πασῶν τ. ἐκκλησιῶν (sc. ἀγγέλλεται) throughout all the congregations 2 Cor 8:18. διαφέρεσθαι διʼ (v.l. καθʼ) ὅλης τῆς χώρας be spread through the whole region Ac 13:49. διὰ τ. κεράμων καθῆκαν αὐτόν they let him down through the tile roof Lk 5:19. διὰ τοῦ τείχους καθῆκαν through an opening in the wall (Jos., Ant. 5, 15) Ac 9:25; cp. 2 Cor 11:33. (σωθήσεται) ὡς διὰ πυρός as if he had come through fire 1 Cor 3:15. διασῴζεσθαι διʼ ὕδατος be brought safely through the water 1 Pt 3:20.—διʼ ὅλου J 19:23 s. ὅλος 2.

② marker of extension in time

ⓐ of a whole period of time, to its very end throughout, through, during διὰ παντός (sc. χρόνου. Edd. gener. write διὰ παντός, but Tdf. writes διαπαντός exc. Mt 18:10) always, continually, constantly (Hdt. 1, 122, 3; Thu. 1, 38, 1; Vett. Val. 220, 1; 16; PLond I, 42, 6 [172 B.C.] p. 30; BGU 1078, 2; PGM 7, 235; LXX; GrBar 10:7; EpArist index; Jos., Ant. 3, 281; SibOr Fgm. 1, 17; Just., D. 6, 2; 12, 3 al.) Mt 18:10; Mk 5:5; Lk 24:53; Ac 2:25 (Ps 15:8); 10:2; 24:16; Ro 11:10 (Ps 68:24); 2 Th 3:16; Hb 9:6; 13:15; Hm 5, 2, 3; Hs 9, 27, 3. διὰ νυκτός during the night, overnight (νύξ 1b) Ac 23:31. διʼ ὅλης νυκτός the whole night through Lk 5:5; J 21:6 v.l. (X., An. 4, 2, 4; Diod S 3, 12, 3 διʼ ὅλης τῆς νυκτός; PGM 4, 3151; Jos., Ant. 6, 37; cp. διʼ ἡμέρας all through the day: IPriene 112, 61 and 99; 1 Macc 12:27; 4 Macc 3:7). διʼ ἡμερῶν τεσσεράκοντα Ac 1:3 means either for forty days (Philo, Vi. Cont. 35 διʼ ἓξ ἡμερῶν. So AFridrichsen, ThBl 6, 1927, 337–41; MEnslin, JBL 47, 1928, 60–73) or (s. b below) now and then in the course of 40 days (B-D-F §223, 1; Rob. 581; WMichaelis, ThBl 4, 1925, 102f; Bruce, Acts). διὰ παντὸς τοῦ ζῆν throughout the lifetime Hb 2:15 (cp. διὰ παντὸς τοῦ βίου: X., Mem. 1, 2, 61; Pla., Phileb. 39e; Dionys. Hal. 2, 21; διʼ ὅλου τοῦ ζῆν EpArist 130; 141; 168).

ⓑ of a period of time within which someth. occurs during, at (PTebt 48, 10) διὰ (τῆς) νυκτός at night, during the night (Palaeph. 1, 10; PRyl 138, 15 κατέλαβα τοῦτον διὰ νυκτός; Jos., Bell. 1, 229. S. νύξ 1b end) Ac 5:19; 16:9; 17:10. διὰ τῆς ἡμέρας during the day Lk 9:37 D (Antig. Car. 128 διὰ πέμπτης ἡμέρας=on the fifth day). διὰ τριῶν ἡμερῶν within three days Mt 26:61; Mk 14:58.

ⓒ of an interval of time, after (Hdt. 6, 118, 3 διʼ ἐτέων εἴκοσι; Thu. 2, 94, 3; X., Mem. 2, 8, 1; Diod S 5, 28, 6 of transmigration of souls: διʼ ἐτῶν ὡρισμένων [=after the passing of a certain number of years] πάλιν βιοῦν; OGI 56, 38; 4 Macc 13:21; Jos., Ant. 4, 209): διʼ ἐτῶν πλειόνων after several years Ac 24:17. διὰ δεκατεσσάρων (s. under δέκα) ἐτῶν after 14 years Gal 2:1. διʼ ἡμερῶν several days afterward Mk 2:1. διὰ ἱκανοῦ χρόνου after (quite) some time Ac 11:2 D (X., Cyr. 1, 4, 28 διὰ χρόνου).

③ marker of instrumentality or circumstance whereby someth. is accomplished or effected, by, via, through

ⓐ of means or instrument γράφειν διά χάρτου καὶ μέλανος write w. paper and ink 2J 12; cp. 3J 13 (Plut., Sol. 87 [17, 3]). διὰ πυρὸς δοκιμάζειν test by fire 1 Pt 1:7. διὰ χρημάτων κτᾶσθαι Ac 8:20. Hebraistically in expr. denoting activity διὰ χειρῶν τινος (LXX) Mk 6:2; Ac 5:12; 14:3; 19:11, 26. Differently γράφειν διὰ χειρός τινος write through the agency of someone 15:23; cp. 11:30. εἰπεῖν διὰ στόματός τινος by the mouth of someone (where the usage discussed in A1a is influential) 1:16; 3:18, 21; 4:25. εὔσημον λόγον διδόναι διὰ τῆς γλώσσης utter intelligible speech with the tongue 1 Cor 14:9. διὰ τοῦ νοὸς λαλεῖν speak, using one’s reason (=consciously; opp., ecstatic speech) vs. 19 v.l. Of the work of Christ: περιποιεῖσθαι διὰ τοῦ αἵματος obtain through his blood Ac 20:28; cp. Eph 1:7; Col 1:20. Also διὰ τοῦ θανάτου Ro 5:10; Col 1:22; Hb 2:14; διὰ τοῦ σώματος Ro 7:4; διὰ τῆς ἰδίας σαρκός AcPlCor 2:6; cp. 2:15; διὰ τοῦ σταυροῦ Eph 2:16; διὰ τῆς θυσίας Hb 9:26; διὰ τῆς προσφορᾶς τοῦ σώματος Ἰησοῦ through the offering of the body of Jesus 10:10; διὰ παθημάτων 2:10.

ⓑ of manner, esp. w. verbs of saying: ἀπαγγέλλειν διὰ λόγου by word of mouth Ac 15:27; cp. 2 Th 2:15. διʼ ἐπιστολῶν by letter (POxy 1066, 9; 1070, 14f πολλάκις σοι γράψας διὰ ἐπιστολῶν πολλῶν; Tat. 12:3 δια γραφῆς in writing) 1 Cor 16:3; 2 Cor 10:11; cp. 2 Th 2:2, 15. διὰ λόγου πολλοῦ w. many words Ac 15:32. διʼ ὁράματος εἰπεῖν in a vision 18:9. διὰ παραβολῆς in an illustrative way, in a parable Lk 8:4. διὰ προσευχῆς καὶ δεήσεως προσεύχεσθαι call on (God) w. prayer and supplication Eph 6:18. διὰ βραχέων ἐπιστέλλειν write briefly Hb 13:22 (cp. 1 Pt 5:12 P⁷²; Isocr. 14, 3; Lucian, Tox. 56; EpArist 128; Ath. 17:1 σκέψασθε … διὰ βρ.). Also διʼ ὀλίγων γράφειν 1 Pt 5:12 (Pla., Phileb. 31d; UPZ 42, 9 [162 B.C.]; 2 Macc 6:17).

ⓒ of attendant or prevailing circumstance (Kühner-G. I 482f; X., Cyr. 4, 6, 6 διὰ πένθους τὸ γῆρας διάγων; Just., D. 105, 2 διʼ οὗ πάθους ἔμελλενἀποθνῄσκειν; PTebt 35, 9 [111 B.C.] διὰ τῆς γνώμης τινός=with someone’s consent; Jos., Bell. 4, 105) σὲ τὸν διὰ γράμματος καὶ περιτομῆς παραβάτην νόμου you who, (though provided) with the written code and circumcision, are a transgressor/violator of the law Ro 2:27. διʼ ὑπομονῆς 8:25. διὰ προσκόμματος eat with offense (to the scruples of another) 14:20. διʼ ἀκροβυστίας in a state of being uncircumcised 4:11. διὰ πολλῶν δακρύων with many tears 2 Cor 2:4. Cp. 6:7. διὰ τῆς ἐπιγνώσεως 2 Pt 1:3 ( through recognition [of God as source of the gifts], s. Danker, Benefactor 457). διὰ πυρός in fiery form AcPlCor 2:13.—Here prob. belongs σωθήσεται διὰ τῆς τεκνογονίας 1 Ti 2:15 (opp. of the negative theme in Gen. 3:16), but s. d next. On 1J 5:6 s. A1a above.

ⓓ of efficient cause via, through διὰ νόμου ἐπίγνωσις ἁμαρτίας ( only) recognition of sin comes via the law Ro 3:20; cp. 4:13. τὰ παθήματα τὰ διὰ τοῦ νόμου passions aroused via the law 7:5. διὰ νόμου πίστεως by the law of faith 3:27; Gal 2:19. ἀφορμὴν λαμβάνειν διὰ τῆς ἐντολῆς Ro 7:8, 11; cp. 13. διὰ τ. εὐαγγελίου ὑμᾶς ἐγέννησα (spiritual parenthood) 1 Cor 4:15. Perh. 1 Ti 2:15 but s. c, above. διὰ τῆς σοφίας with its wisdom 1 Cor 1:21; opp. διὰ τῆς μωρίας τοῦ κηρύγματος through the folly of proclamation = foolish proclamation ibid. διὰ τῆς Λευιτικῆς ἱερωσύνης Hb 7:11. Freq. διὰ (τῆς) πίστεως Ro 1:12; 3:22, 25, 30f; Gal 2:16; 3:14, 26; Eph 2:8; 3:12, 17 al. Cp. AcPl Cor 2:8. πίστις διʼ ἀγάπης ἐνεργουμένη faith which works through (=expresses itself in) deeds of love Gal 5:6. διὰ θελήματος θεοῦ if God is willing Ro 15:32; by the will of God 1 Cor 1:1; 2 Cor 1:1; 8:5; Eph 1:1; Col 1:1; 2 Ti 1:1.

ⓔ of occasion διὰ τῆς χάριτος by virtue of the grace Ro 12:3; Gal 1:15 (Just., D. 100, 2).—3:18; 4:23; Phlm 22. διὰ δόξης καὶ ἀρετῆς in consequence of his glory and excellence 2 Pt 1:3 v.l.

ⓕ in wording of urgent requests διὰ τῶν οἰκτιρμῶν τοῦ θεοῦ by the mercy of God Ro 12:1; cp. 15:30; 1 Cor 1:10; 2 Cor 10:1.

④ marker of pers. agency, through, by

ⓐ with focus on agency through ( the agency of), by (X., An. 2, 3, 17 διʼ ἑρμηνέως λέγειν; Menand., Fgm. 210, 1 οὐθεὶς διʼ ἀνθρώπου θεὸς σῴζει … ἑτέρου τόν ἕτερον; Achilles Tat. 7, 1, 3 διʼ ἐκείνου μαθεῖν; Just., D. 75, 4 διὰ παρθένου γεννηθῆναι; PMert 5, 8 γεομετρηθῆναι διʼ αὐτοῦ) ῥηθὲν διὰ τοῦ προφήτου Mt 1:22; 2:15, 23; 4:14 al. (cp. Just., A I, 47, 5 διὰ Ἠσαίου τοῦ πρ.). γεγραμμένα διὰ τῶν προφητῶν Lk 18:31; cp. Ac 2:22; 10:36; 15:12 al. διʼ ἀνθρώπου by human agency Gal 1:1. διὰ Μωϋσέως through Moses (Jos., Ant. 7, 338; Mel., P. 11, 77 διὰ χειρὸς Μωυσέως) J 1:17; under Moses’ leadership Hb 3:16. διʼ ἀγγέλων by means of divine messengers (TestJob 18:5 διὰ τοῦ ἀγγέλου; cp. Jos., Ant. 15, 136, but s. n. by RMarcus, Loeb ed., ad loc.) Gal 3:19; Hb 2:2. πέμψας διὰ τ. μαθητῶν εἶπεν sent and said through his disciples Mt 11:2f. Cp. the short ending of Mk. γράφειν διά τινος of the bearer IRo 10:1; IPhld 11:2; ISm 12:1, but also of pers. who had a greater or smaller part in drawing up some document (Dionys. of Cor. in Eus., HE 4, 23, 11) 1 Pt 5:12 (on the practice s. ERichards, The Secretary in the Letters of Paul ’91). In this case διά comes close to the mng. represented by (LWenger, D. Stellvertretung im Rechte d. Pap. 1906, 9ff; Dssm., LO 98 [LAE 123f]). So also κρίνει ὁ θεὸς διὰ Χρ. Ἰ. God judges, represented by Christ Jesus Ro 2:16. Christ as intermediary in the creation of the world J 1:3, 10; 1 Cor 8:6; Col 1:16.—εὐχαριστεῖν τ. θεῷ διὰ Ἰ. Χρ. thank God through Jesus Christ Ro 1:8; 7:25; Col 3:17.—Occasionally the mediation becomes actual presence (references for this usage in BKeil, Anonymus Argentinensis 1902, p. 192, 1; 306 note) διὰ πολλῶν μαρτύρων in the presence of many witnesses 2 Ti 2:2 (Simplicius in Epict. p. 114, 31 διὰ θεοῦ μέσου=in the presence of God as mediator; Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 187 τὸ διὰ μαρτύρων κλαίειν=weeping in the presence of witnesses).

ⓑ with focus on the originator of an action (Hom. et al.; pap, LXX, EpArist)

α. of human activity (PSI 354, 6 [254 B.C.] τὸν χόρτον τὸν συνηγμένον διʼ ἡμῶν=by us; 500, 5; 527, 12; 1 Esdr 6:13; 2 Macc 6:21; 4 Macc 1:11) 2 Cor 1:11 (where διὰ πολλῶν resumes ἐκ πολλῶν προσώπων). ᾧ παρέλαβε κανόνι διὰ τῶν μακαρίων προφήτων καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου εὐαγγελίου AcPlCor 2:36.

β. of divine activity:—of God (Aeschyl., Ag. 1485; Pla., Symp. 186e ἡ ἰατρικὴ πᾶσα διὰ τ. θεοῦ τούτου [Asclepius] κυβερνᾶται; Ael. Aristid., Sarap. [Or. 8 Dind.=45 Keil] 14 K. πάντα γὰρ πανταχοῦ διὰ σοῦ τε καὶ διὰ σὲ ἡμῖν γίγνεται; Zosimus in CALG p. 143 and a magic ring in introd. 133; EpArist 313) 1 Cor 1:9 διʼ οὗ ἐκλήθητε (v.l. ὑπό s. καλέω 4); Ro 11:36 (s. Norden, Agn. Th. 240–50; 347f); Hb 2:10b (s. B 2a, below; cp. Ar. 1:5 διʼ αὐτοῦ … τὰ πάντα συνέστηκεν).—Of Christ Ro 1:5; 5:9, 17f, 21; 8:37; 2 Cor 1:20 al. (ASchettler, D. paulin. Formel ‘durch Christus’ 1907; GJonker, De paulin. formule ‘door Christus’: ThSt 27, 1909, 173–208).—Of the Holy Spirit Ac 11:28; 21:4; Ro 5:5.

⑤ At times διά w. gen. seems to have causal mng. (Rdm. 142; POxy 299, 2 [I A.D.] ἔδωκα αὐτῷ διὰ σοῦ=because of you; Achilles Tat. 3, 4, 5 διὰ τούτων=for this reason; in Eng. cp. Coleridge, Anc. Mariner 135–36: Every tongue thro’ utter drouth Was wither’d at the root, s. OED s.v. ‘through’ I B 8) διὰ τῆς σαρκός because of the resistance of the flesh Ro 8:3.—2 Cor 9:13.—On the use of διά w. gen. in Ro s. Schlaeger, La critique radicale de l’épître aux Rom.: Congr. d’ Hist. du Christ. II 111f.

B. w. acc.

① marker of extension through an area, through (Hom. and other early Gk. only in poetry, e.g. Pind. P. 9, 123 διʼ ὅμιλον ‘through the throng’; Hellenistic prose since Dionys. Hal. [JKäser, D. Präpositionen b. Dionys. Hal., diss. Erlangen 1915, 54]; ISyriaW 1866b τὸν πάτρωνα διὰ πάντα of the governor of a whole province) διήρχετο διὰ μέσον Σαμαρείας καὶ Γαλιλαίας Lk 17:11 (cp. SibOr 3, 316 ῥομφαία διελεύσεται διὰ μέσον σεῖο).

② marker of someth. constituting cause

ⓐ the reason why someth. happens, results, exists: because of, for the sake of (do something for the sake of a divinity: UPZ 62, 2 [161 B.C.] διὰ τὸν Σάραπιν; JosAs 1:10 διʼ αὐτήν; ApcSed 3:3 διὰ τὸν ἄνθρωπον; Tat. 8:2 διὰ τὸν … Ἄττιν; Ath. 30, 1 διὰ τὴν Δερκετώ) hated because of the name Mt 10:22; persecution arises because of teaching 13:21; because of unbelief vs. 58; because of a tradition 15:3; διὰ τὸν ἄνθρωπον (the sabbath was designed) for people Mk 2:27; because of Herodias Mk 6:17 (cp. Just. D. 34, 8 διὰ γυναῖκα); because of a crowd Lk 5:19; 8:19 al; because of Judeans Ac 16:3. διὰ τὸν θόρυβον 21:34; because of rain 28:2. Juristically to indicate guilt: imprisoned for insurrection and murder Lk 23:25. διʼ ὑμᾶς on your account=through your fault Ro 2:24 (Is 52:5). διὰ τὴν πάρεσιν because of the passing over 3:25 (but s. WKümmel, ZTK 49, ’52, 164). διὰ τὰ παραπτώματα on account of transgressions 4:25a (cp. Is 53:5; PsSol 13:5); but διὰ τὴν δικαίωσιν in the interest of justification vs. 25b; s. 8:10 for a sim. paired use of διὰ. διὰ τὴν χάριν on the basis of the grace 15:15. διʼ ἀσθένειαν τῆς σαρκός because of a physical ailment (cp. POxy 726, 10f [II A.D.] οὐ δυνάμενος διʼ ἀσθένειαν πλεῦσαι. Cp. ἀσθένεια 1) Gal 4:13. διὰ τὸ θέλημα σου by your will Rv 4:11. διὰ τὸν χρόνον according to the time = by this time Hb 5:12 (Aelian, VH 3, 37 δ. τὸν χρ.=because of the particular time-situation).—W. words denoting emotions out of (Diod S 5, 59, 8 διὰ τὴν λύπην; 18, 25, 1 διὰ τὴν προπέτειαν=out of rashness; Appian, Celt. 1 §9 διʼ ἐλπίδα; 2 Macc 5:21; 7:20; 9:8; 3 Macc 5:32, 41; Tob 8:7): διὰ φθόνον out of envy Mt 27:18; Phil 1:15. διὰ σπλάγχνα ἐλέους out of tender mercy Lk 1:78. διὰ τ. φόβον τινός out of fear of someone J 7:13. διὰ τὴν πολλὴν ἀγάπην out of the great love Eph 2:4. διὰ τ. πλεονεξίαν in their greediness B 10:4.—Of God as the ultimate goal or purpose of life, whereas διά w. gen. (s. A4bβ above) represents God as Creator, Hb 2:10a (s. Norden, op. cit.; PGM 13, 76 διὰ σὲ συνέστηκεν … ἡ γῆ). Cp. J 6:57 (s. Bultmann ad loc.) PtK 2.

ⓑ in direct questions διὰ τί; why? (Hyperid. 3, 17; Dio Chrys. 20 [37], 28; Ael. Aristid. 31 p. 597 D.; oft. LXX; TestJob 37:8; TestLevi 2:9; GrBar, Tat; Mel., Fgm. 8b, 42) mostly in an interrogative clause Mt 9:11, 14; 13:10; 15:2f; 17:19; 21:25; Mk 2:18; 11:31; Lk 5:30; 19:23, 31; 20:5; 24:38; J 7:45; 8:43, 46; 12:5; 13:37; Ac 5:3; 1 Cor 6:7; Rv 17:7. Simply διὰ τί; (Hyperid. 3, 23) Ro 9:32; 2 Cor 11:11. Also διατί (always in t.r. and often by Tdf.; TestJob 46:2) B 8:4, 6; Hm 2:5; Hs 5, 5, 5. Kvan Leeuwen Boomkamp, Τι et Διατι dans les évangiles: RevÉtGr 39, 1926, 327–31.—In real and supposed answers and inferences διὰ τοῦτο therefore (X., An. 1, 7, 3; 7, 19; oft. LXX; JosAs 7:7; Ar. 12, 2; Just., A I, 44, 5 al.; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 2, 3 Jac.) Mt 6:25; 12:27, 31; 13:13, 52; 14:2; 18:23; 21:43; 23:13 v.l.; 24:44; Mk 11:24; 12:24; Lk 11:19 al. Also διὰ ταῦτα (Epict.) Eph 5:6. διὰ τοῦτο ὅτι for this reason, (namely) that J 5:16, 18; 8:47; 10:17; 12:18, 39; 15:19; 1J 3:1. διὰ τοῦτο ἵνα for this reason, (in order) that (Lucian, Abdic. 1) J 1:31; 2 Cor 13:10; 1 Ti 1:16; Phlm 15. Also διὰ τοῦτο ὅπως Hb 9:15.

ⓒ διά foll. by inf. or acc. w. inf., representing a causal clause, because (Gen 39:9; Dt 1:36; 1 Macc 6:53; GrBar 8:4; Demetr.: 722 fgm 1:1 al.) διὰ τὸ μὴ ἔχειν βάθος because it had no depth Mt 13:5f; Mk 4:5f (διὰ τὸ μή w. inf.: X., Mem. 1, 3, 5; Hero Alex. I 348, 7; III 274, 19; Lucian, Hermot. 31); because lawlessness increases Mt 24:12; διὰ τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸν ἐξ οἴκου Δ.. Lk 2:4; because it was built well 6:48 al. διὰ τὸ λέγεσθαι ὑπό τινων because it was said by some Lk 9:7 (for the constr. cp. Herodian 7, 12, 7 διὰ τὸ τὰς ἐξόδους ὑπὸ τ. πυρὸς προκατειλῆφθαι=because the exit-routes were blocked by the fire).

ⓓ instead of διά w. gen. to denote the efficient cause we may have διά, by

α. w. acc. of thing (schol. on Pind., N. 4, 79a; 2 Macc 12:11; EpArist 77) διὰ τὸ αἷμα by the blood Rv 12:11. διὰ τὰ σημεῖα by the miracles 13:14.

β. w. acc. of pers. and freq. as expr. of favorable divine action (Aristoph., Plut. 468; Dionys. Hal. 8, 33, 3, 1579 μέγας διὰ τ. θεούς ἐγενόμην; Ael. Aristid. 24, 1 K.=44 p. 824 D.: διʼ οὓς [= θεούς] ἐσώθην; SIG 1122; OGI 458, 40; PGM 13, 579 διῳκονομήθη τ. πάντα διὰ σέ; EpArist 292; Sir 15:11; 3 Macc 6:36: other exx. in SEitrem and AFridrichsen, E. christl. Amulett auf Pap. 1921, 24). ζῶ διὰ τὸν πατέρα J 6:57 (cp. PKöln VI, 245, 16 of Isis σὺ κυρεῖς τὰ πάντα, διὰ σὲ δʼ εἰσορῶ φαός ‘you are responsible for everything and thanks to you I can see light’). διὰ τὸν ὑποτάξαντα by the one who subjected it Ro 8:20.—DELG. M-M. TW.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > διά
83 ὡς

ὡς (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.) relative adv. of the relative pron. ὅς. It is used as

① a comparative particle, marking the manner in which someth. proceeds, as, like

ⓐ corresponding to οὕτως=‘so, in such a way’: σωθήσεται, οὕτως ὡς διὰ πυρός he will be saved, (but only) in such a way as (one, in an attempt to save oneself, must go) through fire (and therefore suffer fr. burns) 1 Cor 3:15. τὴν ἑαυτοῦ γυναῖκα οὕτως ἀγαπάτω ὡς ἑαυτόν Eph 5:33; cp. vs. 28. ἡμέρα κυρίου ὡς κλέπτης οὕτως ἔρχεται 1 Th 5:2. The word οὕτως can also be omitted ἀσφαλίσασθε ὡς οἴδατε make it as secure as you know how = as you can Mt 27:65. ὡς οὐκ οἶδεν αὐτός (in such a way) as he himself does not know = he himself does not know how, without his knowing (just) how Mk 4:27. ὡς ἀνῆκεν (in such a way) as is fitting Col 3:18. Cp. 4:4; Eph 6:20; Tit 1:5 (cp. Just., A I, 3, 1 ὡς πρέπον ἐστίν). ὡς πᾶσα γυνὴ γεννᾷ GJs 11:2; ὡς ἀπεκαλύφθη AcPlCor 1:8.

ⓑ special uses

α. in ellipses (TestAbr A 12 p. 90, 22 [Stone p. 28] θρόνος … ἐξαστράπτων ὡς πῦρ; TestJob 20:3 χρήσασθαι … ὡς ἐβούλετο; JosAs 12:7 πρὸς σὲ κατέφυγον ὡς παιδίον ἐπὶ τὸν πατέρα) ἐλάλουν ὡς νήπιος I used to speak as a child (is accustomed to speak) 1 Cor 13:11a; cp. bc; Mk 10:15; Eph 6:6a; Phil 2:22; Col 3:22. ὡς τέκνα φωτὸς περιπατεῖτε walk as (is appropriate for) children of light Eph 5:8; cp. 6:6b. ὡς ἐν ἡμέρᾳ as (it is one’s duty to walk) in the daylight Ro 13:13. The Israelites went through the Red Sea ὡς διὰ ξηρᾶς γῆς as (one travels) over dry land Hb 11:29. οὐ λέγει ὡς ἐπὶ πολλῶν ἀλλʼ ὡς ἐφʼ ἑνός he speaks not as one would of a plurality (s. ἐπί 8), but as of a single thing Gal 3:16.—Ro 15:15; 1 Pt 5:3. Also referring back to οὕτως (GrBar 6:16 ὡς γὰρ τὰ δίστομα οὕτως καὶ ὁ ἀλέκτωρ μηνύει τοῖς ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ like articulate beings the rooster informs earth’s inhabitants) οὕτως τρέχω ὡς οὐκ ἀδήλως I run as (a person) with a fixed goal 1 Cor 9:26a. Cp. ibid. b; Js 2:12.

β. ὡς and the words that go w. it can be the subj. or obj., of a clause: γενηθήτω σοι ὡς θέλεις let it be done (= it will be done) for you as you wish Mt 15:28. Cp. 8:13; Lk 14:22 v.l. (for ὅ; cp. ὡς τὸ θέλημά σου OdeSol 11:21). The predicate belonging to such a subj. is to be supplied in οὐχ ὡς ἐγὼ θέλω (γενηθήτω) Mt 26:39a.—ἐποίησεν ὡς προσέταξεν αὐτῷ ὁ ἄγγελος he did as (= that which) the angel commanded him (to do) Mt 1:24; cp. 26:19 (on the structure s. RPesch, BZ 10, ’66, 220–45; 11, ’67, 79–95; cp. the formula Job 42:9 and the contrasting negation Ex 1:17; s. also Ex 3:21f); 28:15.—Practically equivalent to ὅ, which is a v.l. for it Mk 14:72 (JBirdsall, NovT 2, ’58, 272–75; cp. Lk 14:22 above).

γ. ἕκαστος ὡς each one as or according to what Ro 12:3; 1 Cor 3:5; 7:17ab; Rv 22:12. ὡς ἦν δυνατὸς ἕκαστος each person interpreted them as best each could Papias (2:16).

δ. in indirect questions (X., Cyr. 1, 5, 11 ἀπαίδευτοι ὡς χρὴ συμμάχοις χρῆσθαι) ἐξηγοῦντο ὡς ἐγνώσθη αὐτοῖς ἐν τῇ κλάσει τοῦ ἄρτου they told how he had made himself known to them when they broke bread together Lk 24:35. Cp. Mk 12:26 v.l. (for πῶς); Lk 8:47; 23:55; Ac 10:38; 20:20; Ro 11:2; 2 Cor 7:15.

② a conjunction marking a point of comparison, as. This ‘as’ can have a ‘so’ expressly corresponding to it or not, as the case may be; further, both sides of the comparison can be expressed in complete clauses, or one or even both may be abbreviated.

ⓐ ὡς is correlative w. οὕτως=so. οὕτως … ὡς (so, in such a way) … as: οὐδέποτε ἐλάλησεν οὕτως ἄνθρωπος ὡς οὗτος λαλεῖ ὁ ἄνθρωπος J 7:46. ὡς … οὕτως Ac 8:32 (Is 53:7); 23:11; Ro 5:15 (ὡς τὸ παράπτωμα, οὕτως καὶ τὸ χάρισμα, both halves to be completed), 18. ὡς κοινωνοί ἐστε τῶν παθημάτων, οὕτως καὶ τῆς παρακλήσεως as you are comrades in suffering, so (shall you be) in comfort as well 2 Cor 1:7. Cp. 7:14; 11:3 v.l.—ὡς … καί as … so (Plut., Mor. 39e; Ath. 15, 2) Mt 6:10; Ac 7:51; 2 Cor 13:2; Gal 1:9; Phil 1:20.

ⓑ The clause beginning w. ὡς can easily be understood and supplied in many cases; when this occurs, the noun upon which the comparison depends can often stand alone, and in these cases ὡς acts as a particle denoting comparison. οἱ δίκαιοι ἐκλάμψουσιν ὡς ὁ ἥλιος the righteous will shine out as the sun (shines) Mt 13:43. ὡς ἐπὶ λῃστὴν ἐξήλθατε συλλαβεῖν με as (one goes out) against a robber, (so) you have gone out to arrest me 26:55 (Mel., P. 79, 574 ὡς ἐπὶ φόνιον λῄστην). γίνεσθε φρόνιμοι ὡς οἱ ὄφεις be (as) wise as serpents (are) 10:16b. Cp. Lk 12:27; 21:35; 22:31; J 15:6; 2 Ti 2:17; 1 Pt 5:8.

ⓒ Semitic infl. is felt in the manner in which ὡς, combined w. a subst., takes the place of a subst. or an adj.

α. a substantive

א. as subj. (cp. Da 7:13 ὡς υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ἤρχετο; cp. 10:16, 18) ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου (ἦν) ὡς θάλασσα ὑαλίνη before the throne there was something like a sea of glass Rv 4:6. Cp. 8:8; 9:7a. ἀφʼ ἑνὸς ἐγενήθησαν ὡς ἡ ἄμμος from one man they have come into being as the sand, i.e. countless descendants Hb 11:12.

ב. as obj. (JosAs 17:6 εἶδεν Ἀσενὲθ ὡς ἅρμα πυρός) ᾂδουσιν ὡς ᾠδὴν καινήν they were singing, as it were, a new song Rv 14:3. ἤκουσα ὡς φωνήν I heard what sounded like a shout 19:1, 6abc; cp. 6:1.

β. as adjective, pred. (mostly εἶναι, γίνεσθαι ὡς; the latter also in rendering of ךְּ to express the basic reality of something: GDelling, Jüd. Lehre u. Frömmigkeit ’67, p. 58, on ParJer 9:7) ἐὰν μὴ γένησθε ὡς τὰ παιδία if you do not become child-like Mt 18:3. ὡς ἄγγελοί εἰσιν they are similar to angels 22:30. πᾶσα σὰρξ ὡς χόρτος 1 Pt 1:24. Cp. Mk 6:34; 12:25; Lk 22:26ab; Ro 9:27 (Is 10:22); 29a (Is 1:9a); 1 Cor 4:13; 7:7f, 29–31; 9:20f; 2 Pt 3:8ab (Ps 89:4); Rv 6:12ab al. (cp. GrBar 14:1 ἐγένετο φωνὴ ὡς βροντή). Sim. also ποίησόν με ὡς ἕνα τῶν μισθίων σου treat me like one of your day laborers Lk 15:19.—The adj. or adjectival expr. for which this form stands may be used as an attribute πίστιν ὡς κόκκον σινάπεως faith like a mustard seed=faith no greater than a tiny mustard seed Mt 17:20; Lk 17:6. προφήτης ὡς εἷς τῶν προφητῶν Mk 6:15. Cp. Ac 3:22; 7:37 (both Dt 18:15); 10:11; 11:5. ἐγένετο ὡς εἷς τῶν φευγόντων AcPl Ha 5, 18. ἀρνίον ὡς ἐσφαγμένον a lamb that appeared to have been slaughtered Rv 5:6.—In expressions like τρίχας ὡς τρίχας γυναικῶν 9:8a the second τρίχας can be omitted as self-evident (Ps 54:7 v.l.): ἡ φωνὴ ὡς σάλπιγγος 4:1; cp. 1:10; 9:8b; 13:2a; 14:2c; 16:3.

ⓓ other noteworthy uses

α. ὡς as can introduce an example ὡς καὶ Ἠλίας ἐποίησεν Lk 9:54 v.l.; cp. 1 Pt 3:6; or, in the combination ὡς γέγραπται, a scripture quotation Mk 1:2 v.l.; 7:6; Lk 3:4; Ac 13:33; cp. Ro 9:25; or even an authoritative human opinion Ac 17:28; 22:5; 25:10; or any other decisive reason Mt 5:48; 6:12 (ὡς καί).

β. ὡς introduces short clauses: ὡς εἰώθει as his custom was Mk 10:1. Cp. Hs 5, 1, 2. ὡς λογίζομαι as I think 1 Pt 5:12. ὡς ἐνομίζετο as was supposed Lk 3:23 (Diog. L. 3, 2 ὡς Ἀθήνησιν ἦν λόγος [about Plato’s origin]; TestAbr A 5 p. 82, 32 [Stone p. 12] ὡς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ; Just., A I, 6, 2 ὡς ἐδιδάχθημεν). ὡς ἦν as he was Mk 4:36. ὡς ἔφην Papias (2:15) (ApcMos 42; cp. Just., A I, 21, 6 ὡς προέφημεν).

γ. The expr. οὕτως ἐστὶν ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ ὡς ἄνθρωπος βάλῃ τὸν σπόρον Mk 4:26 may well exhibit colloquial syntax; but some think that ἄν (so one v.l. [=ἐάν, which is read by many mss.]) once stood before ἄνθρωπος and was lost inadvertently. S. the comm., e.g. EKlostermann, Hdb. z. NT⁴ ’50 ad loc.; s. also Jülicher, Gleichn. 539; B-D-F §380, 4; Mlt. 185 w. notes; Rdm.² 154; Rob. 928; 968.

③ marker introducing the perspective from which a pers., thing, or activity is viewed or understood as to character, function, or role, as

ⓐ w. focus on quality, circumstance, or role

α. as (JosAs 26:7 ἔγνω … Λευὶς … ταῦτα πάντα ὡς προφήτης; Just., A I, 7, 4 ἵνα ὡς ἄδικος κολάζηται) τί ἔτι κἀγὼ ὡς ἁμαρτωλὸς κρίνομαι; why am I still being condemned as a sinner? Ro 3:7. ὡς σοφὸς ἀρχιτέκτων 1 Cor 3:10. ὡς ἀρτιγέννητα βρέφη as newborn children (in reference to desire for maternal milk) 1 Pt 2:2. μή τις ὑμῶν πασχέτω ὡς φονεύς 4:15a; cp. b, 16.—1:14; 1 Cor 7:25; 2 Cor 6:4; Eph 5:1; Col 3:12; 1 Th 2:4, 7a.—In the oblique cases, genitive (ApcSed 16:2 ὡς νέου αὐτοῦ ἐπαράβλεπον τὰ πταίσματα αὐτοῦ; Just., A I, 14, 4 ὑμέτερον ἔστω ὡς δυνατῶν βασιλέων): τιμίῳ αἵματι ὡς ἀμνοῦ ἀμώμου Χριστοῦ with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish 1 Pt 1:19. δόξαν ὡς μονογενοῦς παρὰ πατρός glory as of an only-begotten son, coming from the Father J 1:14. Cp. Hb 12:27. Dative (Ath. 14, 2 θύουσιν ὡς θεοῖς; 28, 3 πιστεύειν ὡς μυθοποιῷ; Stephan. Byz. s.v. Κυνόσαργες: Ἡρακλεῖ ὡς θεῷ θύων): λαλῆσαι ὑμῖν ὡς πνευματικοῖς 1 Cor 3:1a; cp. bc; 10:15; 2 Cor 6:13; Hb 12:5; 1 Pt 2:13f; 3:7ab; 2 Pt 1:19. Accusative (JosAs 22:8 ἠγάπα αὐτὸν ὡς ἄνδρα προφήτην; Just., A I, 4, 4 τὸ ὄνομα ὡς ἔλεγχον λαμβάνετε; Tat. 27, 1 ὡς ἀθεωτάτους ἡμᾶς ἐκκηρύσσετε; Ath. 16, 4 οὐ προσκυνῶ αὐτὰ ὡς θεοὺς): οὐχ ὡς θεὸν ἐδόξασαν Ro 1:21; 1 Cor 4:14; 8:7; Tit 1:7; Phlm 16; Hb 6:19; 11:9. παρακαλῶ ὡς παροίκους καὶ παρεπιδήμους 1 Pt 2:11 (from the perspective of their conversion experience the recipients of the letter are compared to temporary residents and disenfranchised foreigners, cp. the imagery 1 Pt 1:19 above and s. παρεπίδημος and πάροικος 2).—This is prob. also the place for ὸ̔ ἐὰν ποιῆτε, ἐργάζεσθε ὡς τῷ κυρίῳ whatever you have to do, do it as work for the Lord Col 3:23. Cp. Eph 5:22. εἴ τις λαλεῖ ὡς λόγια θεοῦ if anyone preaches, (let the pers. do so) as if (engaged in proclaiming the) words of God 1 Pt 4:11a; cp. ibid. b; 2 Cor 2:17bc; Eph 6:5, 7.

β. ὡς w. ptc. gives the reason for an action as one who, because (X., Cyr. 7, 5, 13 κατεγέλων τῆς πολιορκίας ὡς ἔχοντες τὰ ἐπιτήδεια; Appian, Liby. 56 §244 μέμφεσθαι τοῖς θεοῖς ὡς ἐπιβουλεύουσι=as being hostile; Polyaenus 2, 1, 1; 3, 10, 3 ὡς ἔχων=just as if he had; TestAbr B 8 p. 112, 17 [Stone p. 72] ὡς αὐτῷ ὄντι φίλῳ μου (do it for) him [Abraham] as a friend of mine; TestJob 17:5 καθʼ ἡμῶν ὡς τυραννούντων against us as though we were tyrants; ApcMos 23 ὡς νομίζοντες on the assumption that (we would not be discovered); Jos., Ant. 1, 251; Ath. 16, 1 ὁ δὲ κόσμος οὐχ ὡς δεομένου τοῦ θεοῦ γέγονεν; SIG 1168, 35); Paul says: I appealed to the Emperor οὐχ ὡς τοῦ ἔθνους μου ἔχων τι κατηγορεῖν not that I had any charge to bring against my (own) people Ac 28:19 (PCairZen 44, 23 [257 B.C.] οὐχ ὡς μενῶν=not as if it were my purpose to remain there). ὡς foll. by the gen. abs. ὡς τὰ πάντα ἡμῖν τῆς θείας δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ δεδωρημένης because his divine power has granted us everything 2 Pt 1:3. Cp. Dg. 5:16.—Only in isolated instances does ὡς show causal force when used w. a finite verb for, seeing that (PLeid 16, 1, 20; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 17, 2, end, Vit. Auct. 25; Aesop, Fab. 109 P.=148 H.; 111 H-H.: ὡς εὐθέως ἐξελεύσομαι=because; Tetrast. Iamb. 1, 6, 3; Nicetas Eugen. 6, 131 H. Cp. Herodas 10, 3: ὡς=because [with the copula ‘is’ to be supplied]) Mt 6:12 (ὡς καί as Mk 7:37 v.l.; TestDan 3:1 v.l.; the parallel Lk 11:4 has γάρ). AcPlCor 1:6 ὡς οὖν ὁ κύριος ἠλέησεν ἡμᾶς inasmuch as the Lord has shown us mercy (by permitting us). So, more oft., καθώς (q.v. 3).

γ. ὡς before the predicate acc. or nom. w. certain verbs functions pleonastically and further contributes to the aspect of perspective ὡς προφήτην ἔχουσιν τὸν Ἰωάννην Mt 21:26. Cp. Lk 16:1. λογίζεσθαί τινα ὡς foll. by acc. look upon someone as 1 Cor 4:1; 2 Cor 10:2 (for this pass. s. also c below). Cp. 2 Th 3:15ab; Phil 2:7; Js 2:9.

ⓑ w. focus on a conclusion existing only in someone’s imagination or based solely on someone’s assertion (PsSol 8:30; Jos., Bell. 3, 346; Just., A I, 27, 5; Mel., P. 58, 422) προσηνέγκατέ μοι τὸν ἄνθρωπον τοῦτον ὡς ἀποστρέφοντα τὸν λαόν, καὶ ἰδοὺ … you have brought this fellow before me as one who (as you claim) is misleading the people, and now … Lk 23:14. τί καυχᾶσαι ὡς μὴ λαβών; why do you boast, as though you (as you think) had not received? 1 Cor 4:7. Cp. Ac 3:12; 23:15, 20; 27:30. ὡς μὴ ἐρχομένου μου as though I were not coming (acc. to their mistaken idea) 1 Cor 4:18. ὡς μελλούσης τῆς πόλεως αἴρεσθαι assuming that the city was being destroyed AcPl Ha 5, 16.

ⓒ w. focus on what is objectively false or erroneous ἐπιστολὴ ὡς διʼ ἡμῶν a letter (falsely) alleged to be from us 2 Th 2:2a (Diod S 33, 5, 5 ἔπεμψαν ὡς παρὰ τῶν πρεσβευτῶν ἐπιστολήν they sent a letter which purported to come from the emissaries; Diog. L. 10:3 falsified ἐπιστολαὶ ὡς Ἐπικούρου; Just., A, II, 5, 5 ὡς ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ σπορᾷ γενομένους υἱούς). τοὺς λογιζομένους ἡμᾶς ὡς κατὰ σάρκα περιπατοῦντας 2 Cor 10:2 (s. also aγ above). Cp. 11:17; 13:7. Israel wishes to become righteous οὐκ ἐκ πίστεως ἀλλʼ ὡς ἐξ ἔργων not through faith but through deeds (the latter way being objectively wrong) Ro 9:32 (Rdm.² 26f). ὡς ἐκ παραδόσεως ἀγράφου εἰς αὐτὸν ἥκοντα (other matters he recounts) as having reached him through unwritten tradition (Eus. about Papias) Papias (2:11).

④ conj., marker of result in connection with indication of purpose=ὥστε so that (Trag., Hdt.+, though nearly always w. the inf.; so also POxy 1040, 11; PFlor 370, 10; Wsd 5:12; TestJob 39:7; ApcMos 38; Jos., Ant. 12, 229; Just., A I, 56, 2; Tat. 12, 2. W. the indic. X., Cyr. 5, 4, 11 οὕτω μοι ἐβοήθησας ὡς σέσῳσμαι; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 8, 7 p. 324, 25f; Jos., Bell. 3, 343; Ath. 15, 3; 22, 2) Hb 3:11; 4:3 (both Ps 94:11). ὡς αὐτὸν καθόλου τὸ φῶς μὴ βλέπειν Papias (3:2) (s. φῶς 1a). ὡς πάντας ἄχθεσθαι (s. ἄχθομαι) AcPl Ha 4, 14. ὡς πάντας … ἀγαλλιᾶσθαι 6, 31 al.

⑤ marker of discourse content, that, the fact that after verbs of knowing, saying (even introducing direct discourse: Maximus Tyr. 5:4f), hearing, etc.=ὅτι that (X., An. 1, 3, 5; Menand., Sam. 590 S. [245 Kö.]; Aeneas Tact. 402; 1342; PTebt 10, 6 [119 B.C.]; 1 Km 13:11; EpArist; Philo, Op. M. 9; Jos., Ant. 7, 39; 9, 162; 15, 249 al.; Just., A I, 60, 2; Tat. 39, 2; 41, 1; Ath. 30, 4.—ORiemann, RevPhilol n.s. 6, 1882, 73–75; HKallenberg, RhM n.s. 68, 1913, 465–76; B-D-F §396) ἀναγινώσκειν Mk 12:26 v.l. (for πῶς); Lk 6:4 (w. πῶς as v.l.). μνησθῆναι Lk 24:6 (D ὅσα); cp. 22:61 (=Lat. quomodo, as in ms. c of the Old Itala; cp. Plautus, Poen. 3, 1, 54–56). ἐπίστασθαι (Jos., Ant. 7, 372) Ac 10:28; 20:18b v.l. (for πῶς). εἰδέναι (MAI 37, 1912, 183 [= Kl. T. 110, 81, 10] ἴστε ὡς [131/132 A.D.]) 1 Th 2:11a. μάρτυς ὡς Ro 1:9; Phil 1:8; 1 Th 2:10.—ὡς ὅτι s. ὅτι 5b.

⑥ w. numerals, a degree that approximates a point on a scale of extent, about, approximately, nearly (Hdt., Thu. et al.; PAmh 72, 12; PTebt 381, 4 [VSchuman, ClW 28, ’34/35, 95f: pap]; Jos., Ant. 6, 95; Ruth 1:4; 1 Km 14:2; TestJob 31:2; JosAs 1:6) ὡς δισχίλιοι Mk 5:13. Cp. 8:9; Lk 1:56; 8:42; J 1:39; 4:6; 6:10, 19; 19:14, 39; 21:8; Ac 4:4; 5:7, 36; 13:18, 20; 27:37 v.l. (Hemer, Acts 149 n. 140); Rv 8:1.

⑦ a relatively high point on a scale involving exclamation, how! (X., Cyr. 1, 3, 2 ὦ μῆτερ, ὡς καλός μοι ὁ πάππος! Himerius, Or. 54 [=Or. 15], 1 ὡς ἡδύ μοι τὸ θέατρον=how pleasant … ! Ps 8:2; 72:1; TestJob 7:12) ὡς ὡραῖοι οἱ πόδες τῶν εὐαγγελιζομένων ἀγαθά Ro 10:15 (cp. Is 52:7). Cp. 11:33. ὡς μεγάλη μοι ἡ σήμερον ἡμέρα GJs 19:2.

⑧ temporal conjunction (B-D-F §455, 2; 3; Harnack, SBBerlAk 1908, 392).

ⓐ w. the aor. when, after (Hom., Hdt. et al.; Diod S 14, 80, 1; pap [POxy 1489, 4 al.]; LXX; TestAbr B 3 p. 107, 6 [Stone p. 62]; JosAs 3:2; ParJer 3:1; ApcMos 22; Jos., Bell. 1, 445b; Just., D. 2, 4; 3, 1) ὡς ἐπλήσθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι Lk 1:23. ὡς ἐγεύσατο ὁ ἀρχιτρίκλινος J 2:9.—Lk 1:41, 44; 2:15, 39; 4:25; 5:4; 7:12; 15:25; 19:5; 22:66; 23:26; J 4:1, 40; 6:12, 16; 7:10; 11:6, 20, 29, 32f; 18:6; 19:33; 21:9; Ac 5:24; 10:7, 25; 13:29; 14:5; 16:10, 15; 17:13; 18:5; 19:21; 21:1, 12; 22:25; 27:1, 27; 28:4. AcPl Ha 3, 20.

ⓑ w. pres. or impf. while, when, as long as (Menand., Fgm. 538, 2 K. ὡς ὁδοιπορεῖς; Cyrill. Scyth. [VI A.D.] ed. ESchwartz ’39 p. 143, 1; 207, 22 ὡς ἔτι εἰμί=as long as I live) ὡς ὑπάγεις μετὰ τοῦ ἀντιδίκου σου while you are going with your opponent Lk 12:58. ὡς ἐλάλει ἡμῖν, ὡς διήνοιγεν ἡμῖν τὰς γραφάς while he was talking, while he was opening the scriptures to us 24:32.—J 2:23; 8:7; 12:35f ( as long as; cp. ἕως 2a); Ac 1:10; 7:23; 9:23; 10:17; 13:25; 19:9; 21:27; 25:14; Gal 6:10 ( as long as); 2 Cl 8:1; 9:7; IRo 2:2; ISm 9:1 (all four as long as).—ὡς w. impf., and in the next clause the aor. ind. w. the same subject (Diod S 15, 45, 4 ὡς ἐθεώρουν …, συνεστήσαντο ‘when [or ‘as soon as’] they noticed …, they put together [a fleet]’; SIG 1169, 58 ὡς ἐνεκάθευδε, εἶδε ‘while he was sleeping [or ‘when he went to sleep’] [in the temple] he saw [a dream or vision]’) Mt 28:9 v.l.; J 20:11; Ac 8:36; 16:4; 22:11.— Since (Soph., Oed. R. 115; Thu. 4, 90, 3) ὡς τοῦτο γέγονεν Mk 9:21.

ⓒ ὡς ἄν or ὡς ἐάν w. subjunctive of the time of an event in the future when, as soon as.

α. ὡς ἄν (Hyperid. 2, 43, 4; Herodas 5, 50; Lucian, Cronosolon 11; PHib 59, 1 [c. 245 B.C.] ὡς ἂν λάβῃς; UPZ 71, 18 [152 B.C.]; PTebt 26, 2. Cp. Witkowski 87; Gen 12:12; Josh 2:14; Is 8:21; Da 3:15 Theod.; Ath. 31, 3 [ἐάν Schwartz]) Ro 15:24; 1 Cor 11:34; Phil 2:23.

β. ὡς ἐάν (PFay 111, 16 [95/96 A.D.] ὡς ἐὰν βλέπῃς) 1 Cl 12:5f; Hv 3, 8, 9; 3, 13, 2.

ⓓ w. the superlative ὡς τάχιστα (a bookish usage; s. B-D-F §244, 1; Rob. 669) as quickly as possible Ac 17:15 (s. ταχέως 1c).

⑨ a final particle, expressing intention/purpose, with a view to, in order to

ⓐ w. subjunctive (Hom.+; TestAbr A 4 p. 80, 33 [Stone p. 8]; SibOr 3, 130; Synes., Hymni 3, 44 [NTerzaghi ’39]) ὡς τελειώσω in order that I might finish Ac 20:24 v.l. (s. Mlt. 249).

ⓑ w. inf. (X.; Arrian [very oft.: ABoehner, De Arriani dicendi genere, diss. Erlangen 1885 p. 56]; PGen 28, 12 [II A.D.]; ZPE 8, ’71, 177: letter of M. Ant. 57, cp. 44–46; 3 Macc 1:2; Joseph.; cp. the use of the opt. Just., D. 2, 3) Lk 9:52. ὡς τελειῶσαι Ac 20:24. ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν Hb 7:9 (s. ἔπος).

ⓒ used w. prepositions to indicate the direction intended (Soph., Thu., X. [Kühner-G. I 472 note 1]; Polyb. 1, 29, 1; LRadermacher, Philol 60, 1901, 495f) πορεύεσθαι ὡς ἐπὶ τὴν θάλασσαν Ac 17:14 v.l.—WStählin, Symbolon, ’58, 99–104. S. also ὡσάν, ὡσαύτως, ὡσεί 2, ὥσπερ b, ὡσπερεί, ὥστε 2b. DELG. M-M.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ὡς
84 ראי

ראי, רָאָה(b. h.) ( to meet with, 1) to see. Ber.IX, 1 הרואֶה מקיםוכ׳ he who sees (comes to) a place Ib. 56b הרואה נהר בחלום he who sees a river in his dream. B. Bath.82a כל שרואה פני חמה, v. גֶּזַע. Gen. R. s. 56 רוֹאִים אתם … רואה do you see what I see? Ex. R. s. 3 אתה רואה ראייה אחתוכ׳ thou seest only one vision, but I see two; אתה רואה אותן באיןוכ׳ thou seest them come to Sinai and receive my Law, but I see B. Mets.73b רָאִיתָ שאינווכ׳ if thou observest that he does not conduct himself properly; a. v. fr.Snh.52a הֵנִרְאֶה מיוכ׳ (Ms. M. הֵא נראה) well, we shall see which, v. קָבַר. Sabb.150a לא יאמר … הנראה שתעמורוכ׳ one must not say to ones neighbor (on the Sabbath), well, we shall see (I am confident) that you will be with me in the evening (for business); Ab. Zar.7a (Tosaf. = הֲנִרְאֶה בעיניך, Nif. is it pleasing to thee?); Tosef.Sabb. XVII (XVIII), 11 נראה ed. Zuck. (Var. הנ׳). Sifré Num. 84 הנראה שתגיע עמנווכ׳ be sure to arrive with (meet) us at Ib. הנ׳ שתעמידניוכ׳ be sure to wake me up, for I ר׳ דם, ר׳ קרי to have an attack, be affected with. Yeb.76a לאר׳ קרי מימיו he never had a nightly pollution. Zab. I, 1 ר׳ אחת … ובשלישיר׳ שתים (sub. זיבה) if he felt one attack of gonorrhœa …, and on the third day he had two attacks. Ber.III, 6 רָאֲתָה נדה (sub. דם) felt menstruation. Ib. 26a ר׳ זיבה felt a flux; a. fr. 2) to reflect; to reason; to consider. B. Bath.83a רוֹאִין … כאילווכ׳ we consider the central vine-trees as if not existing. Erub.I, 5 רואין אותה … מתכת we consider it (the cross-piece of straw or reeds) as if it were of metal; עקימה רואיןוכ׳ if it is curved, we consider it as if it were straight. Gen. R. l. c. הוי רואה דמיווכ׳ look upon the blood of this ram, as if it were the blood of ; a. v. fr.מהר׳ what did he see?, what was the reason; in gen. why? B. Bath. 123a מהר׳ יעקב שנטלוכ׳ what reason had Jacob to take the birthright from Reuben? Pes.53b מה רָאוּ … שמסרווכ׳ what did Hananiah, Mishael and Azariah have in mind (how did they reason) when they were ready to give up their lives ? Sifré Deut. 307 מה ראו … שנשטפווכ׳ why were the men of the flood drowned ?; a. fr. 3) to see the reason of, to like, choose, prefer, approve of. Keth.XIII, 3, sq. רואה אני את רבריוכ׳ I like the opinion of Admon. Ib. 109a כל מקום שאמר … רואח אניוכ׳ wherever R. G. said, I like, that opinion is the adopted rule. Ab. II, 7 רואה אני … מדבריכם I prefer what El. … said to what you said; a. fr.Part. pass. רָאוּי; f. רְאוּיָה; pl. רְאוּיִים; רְאוּיִין; רְאוּיוֹת chosen, selected; designated, predestined; fit, worthy, adapted (v. חֲזִי). Bekh.59b, a. e. מנין הר׳, v. מִנְיָן. Ḥull.83b, a. fr. כל הר׳ לבילה whatever is capable of being mixed, v. בִּילָה. Nidd.VI, 4 כל הר׳ לדוןוכ׳ whoever is fit (authorized) to give judgment in a criminal court, is fit Sabb.89b ר׳ היה יעקבוכ׳ Jacob was destined to go down to Egypt in iron chains, but his merits were the cause (that no such force was used). Snh.107a ר׳ היתהוכ׳ Bathsheba … was predestined (as wife) for David, only he anticipated fate, v. פַּגָּה. Ber.4a ר׳ היו ישראל ליעשותוכ׳ it had been intended that a miracle be performed for the Israelites in Ezras days, as it has been in Joshuas time, but sin was the cause (that it was not done). Nidd.60a ר׳ לראות fit (old enough) to have menstruation; a. v. fr. Nif. נִרְאָה 1) to be seen, be visible; to appear; to seem. Gen. R. s. 48 נִרְאִין כאוכליןוכ׳ they had the appearance of eating, one course after the other being removed. Pesik. R. s. 21 בפנים הרבה נ׳ להםוכ׳ the Lord appeared to them at Sinai with various expressions of countenance. Pesik. Vayhi, p. 5a> קרסי זהב נראין … הנראיןוכ׳, v. קֶרֶס. Ḥag.2a; Snh.4b, a. e. (ref. to יראה, Ex. 23:17) יִרְאֶה יֵרָאֶה … לִרְאוֹת … לֵירָאוֹת you may read it yireh (he shall see, the Lord) or yeraëh (he shall be seen): as He comes to see, so does He come to be seen (i. e. he that is blind in one eye is exempt from visiting the Temple. Ḥag.5b הנראין ואינן רואין … הרואים יאינן נראין, v. קָבַל I, Hif.Pes.53a שנ׳ כמקדישוכ׳ it looks as if he dedicated his animal as a sacrifice, and were to eat sacred meat outside of the Temple. Ab. II, 3 נראין כאוהביןוכ׳ they appear to be friends as long as it profits them; a. v. fr. 2) to become fit, be fit. Yoma 64a, v. דָּחָה. Succ.33b נ׳ ונדחה חוזר ונ׳ what had been fit at one time of the Holy Day, and was discarded (on account of a temporary unfitness), may again become fit (for use on the same day); a. e. 3) to be liked, approved of; to appear reasonable. Ḥull.108b נ׳ דבריוכ׳ R. Judahs opinion is acceptable in the event that no stirring has taken place. Ib. 109a נ׳ דבריר׳ י׳ בהא … בהא R. Judahs opinion is acceptable in such a case, and that of the scholars in such a case. Ber.33b ר׳ חייא … נראין R. Ḥ. bar Abba reported Rabbi to have said nirin (it seems acceptable), contrad. to מטין a. מודים; Erub.46b; a. fr. Hif. הֶרְאָה to cause to see; to show. Pesik. Shek., p. 19a> (ref. to Ex. 30:13) כמין מטבע … והֶרְאֵהוּ למשהוכ׳ the Lord took a sort of a coin of fire from under his throne of glory and showed it to Moses, saying, ‘this they shall give, like this Ib. p. 18b> הקטנהה׳ לדודוכ׳ he (Joab) produced before David the smaller census, the larger he did not. Kidd.48b; B. Bath. 165a, a. e. מרְאֶה מקום הוא לו he merely indicated the place to him, v. קְפֵידָא. Ber.55b מראין לו חלום טוב is shown a good dream (vision), Ib. הֶרְאוּהוּ חלומווכ׳ was shown his own dream and the interpretation of his fellow prisoners dream. Ab. Zar.5a ה׳ לוהקב״ה לאדם דורוכ׳ the Lord allowed Adam to see each coming generation and its preachers Taan.10b אל תַּרְאוּ עצמכםוכ׳, v. שָׂבֵעַ I; a. v. fr.ה׳ פנים a) ( to show a ( friendly) face, to visit the mourner. Y.M. Kat. III, 82b מפני … להַרְאוֹתוכ׳ why is it recommended to visit the mourner (on the Sabbath, when no other mourning ceremonies are otherwise observed)? Ib. 83a bot. אין מראיןוכ׳ a mourner is not visited on New Years Day Gen. R. s. 100; a. e.b) to enlighten, convince by clear argument. Snh.93b (ref. to איש תאר, 1 Sam. 16:18) שמראה פנים בהלכה he makes faces shine when he argues; Num. R. s. 13; (Ruth R. to II, 1; Yalk. Sam. 125 שמאיר); a. e. Hof. הוּרְאָה to be shown. Y.M. Kat. III, 82c top אם הוּרְאוּ לו רוב פנים if most of the faces have been shown him, i. e. if the majority of comforters have been to see him (v. supra). Hithpa. הִתְרָאֶה to show ones self. Taan.10b שכח … אל יִתְרָאֶה בפני הצבור if he forgot and ate and drank (in a place where a fast is held), he must not show himself before the people.

Jewish literature > ראי
85 ראה

ראי, רָאָה(b. h.) ( to meet with, 1) to see. Ber.IX, 1 הרואֶה מקיםוכ׳ he who sees (comes to) a place Ib. 56b הרואה נהר בחלום he who sees a river in his dream. B. Bath.82a כל שרואה פני חמה, v. גֶּזַע. Gen. R. s. 56 רוֹאִים אתם … רואה do you see what I see? Ex. R. s. 3 אתה רואה ראייה אחתוכ׳ thou seest only one vision, but I see two; אתה רואה אותן באיןוכ׳ thou seest them come to Sinai and receive my Law, but I see B. Mets.73b רָאִיתָ שאינווכ׳ if thou observest that he does not conduct himself properly; a. v. fr.Snh.52a הֵנִרְאֶה מיוכ׳ (Ms. M. הֵא נראה) well, we shall see which, v. קָבַר. Sabb.150a לא יאמר … הנראה שתעמורוכ׳ one must not say to ones neighbor (on the Sabbath), well, we shall see (I am confident) that you will be with me in the evening (for business); Ab. Zar.7a (Tosaf. = הֲנִרְאֶה בעיניך, Nif. is it pleasing to thee?); Tosef.Sabb. XVII (XVIII), 11 נראה ed. Zuck. (Var. הנ׳). Sifré Num. 84 הנראה שתגיע עמנווכ׳ be sure to arrive with (meet) us at Ib. הנ׳ שתעמידניוכ׳ be sure to wake me up, for I ר׳ דם, ר׳ קרי to have an attack, be affected with. Yeb.76a לאר׳ קרי מימיו he never had a nightly pollution. Zab. I, 1 ר׳ אחת … ובשלישיר׳ שתים (sub. זיבה) if he felt one attack of gonorrhœa …, and on the third day he had two attacks. Ber.III, 6 רָאֲתָה נדה (sub. דם) felt menstruation. Ib. 26a ר׳ זיבה felt a flux; a. fr. 2) to reflect; to reason; to consider. B. Bath.83a רוֹאִין … כאילווכ׳ we consider the central vine-trees as if not existing. Erub.I, 5 רואין אותה … מתכת we consider it (the cross-piece of straw or reeds) as if it were of metal; עקימה רואיןוכ׳ if it is curved, we consider it as if it were straight. Gen. R. l. c. הוי רואה דמיווכ׳ look upon the blood of this ram, as if it were the blood of ; a. v. fr.מהר׳ what did he see?, what was the reason; in gen. why? B. Bath. 123a מהר׳ יעקב שנטלוכ׳ what reason had Jacob to take the birthright from Reuben? Pes.53b מה רָאוּ … שמסרווכ׳ what did Hananiah, Mishael and Azariah have in mind (how did they reason) when they were ready to give up their lives ? Sifré Deut. 307 מה ראו … שנשטפווכ׳ why were the men of the flood drowned ?; a. fr. 3) to see the reason of, to like, choose, prefer, approve of. Keth.XIII, 3, sq. רואה אני את רבריוכ׳ I like the opinion of Admon. Ib. 109a כל מקום שאמר … רואח אניוכ׳ wherever R. G. said, I like, that opinion is the adopted rule. Ab. II, 7 רואה אני … מדבריכם I prefer what El. … said to what you said; a. fr.Part. pass. רָאוּי; f. רְאוּיָה; pl. רְאוּיִים; רְאוּיִין; רְאוּיוֹת chosen, selected; designated, predestined; fit, worthy, adapted (v. חֲזִי). Bekh.59b, a. e. מנין הר׳, v. מִנְיָן. Ḥull.83b, a. fr. כל הר׳ לבילה whatever is capable of being mixed, v. בִּילָה. Nidd.VI, 4 כל הר׳ לדוןוכ׳ whoever is fit (authorized) to give judgment in a criminal court, is fit Sabb.89b ר׳ היה יעקבוכ׳ Jacob was destined to go down to Egypt in iron chains, but his merits were the cause (that no such force was used). Snh.107a ר׳ היתהוכ׳ Bathsheba … was predestined (as wife) for David, only he anticipated fate, v. פַּגָּה. Ber.4a ר׳ היו ישראל ליעשותוכ׳ it had been intended that a miracle be performed for the Israelites in Ezras days, as it has been in Joshuas time, but sin was the cause (that it was not done). Nidd.60a ר׳ לראות fit (old enough) to have menstruation; a. v. fr. Nif. נִרְאָה 1) to be seen, be visible; to appear; to seem. Gen. R. s. 48 נִרְאִין כאוכליןוכ׳ they had the appearance of eating, one course after the other being removed. Pesik. R. s. 21 בפנים הרבה נ׳ להםוכ׳ the Lord appeared to them at Sinai with various expressions of countenance. Pesik. Vayhi, p. 5a> קרסי זהב נראין … הנראיןוכ׳, v. קֶרֶס. Ḥag.2a; Snh.4b, a. e. (ref. to יראה, Ex. 23:17) יִרְאֶה יֵרָאֶה … לִרְאוֹת … לֵירָאוֹת you may read it yireh (he shall see, the Lord) or yeraëh (he shall be seen): as He comes to see, so does He come to be seen (i. e. he that is blind in one eye is exempt from visiting the Temple. Ḥag.5b הנראין ואינן רואין … הרואים יאינן נראין, v. קָבַל I, Hif.Pes.53a שנ׳ כמקדישוכ׳ it looks as if he dedicated his animal as a sacrifice, and were to eat sacred meat outside of the Temple. Ab. II, 3 נראין כאוהביןוכ׳ they appear to be friends as long as it profits them; a. v. fr. 2) to become fit, be fit. Yoma 64a, v. דָּחָה. Succ.33b נ׳ ונדחה חוזר ונ׳ what had been fit at one time of the Holy Day, and was discarded (on account of a temporary unfitness), may again become fit (for use on the same day); a. e. 3) to be liked, approved of; to appear reasonable. Ḥull.108b נ׳ דבריוכ׳ R. Judahs opinion is acceptable in the event that no stirring has taken place. Ib. 109a נ׳ דבריר׳ י׳ בהא … בהא R. Judahs opinion is acceptable in such a case, and that of the scholars in such a case. Ber.33b ר׳ חייא … נראין R. Ḥ. bar Abba reported Rabbi to have said nirin (it seems acceptable), contrad. to מטין a. מודים; Erub.46b; a. fr. Hif. הֶרְאָה to cause to see; to show. Pesik. Shek., p. 19a> (ref. to Ex. 30:13) כמין מטבע … והֶרְאֵהוּ למשהוכ׳ the Lord took a sort of a coin of fire from under his throne of glory and showed it to Moses, saying, ‘this they shall give, like this Ib. p. 18b> הקטנהה׳ לדודוכ׳ he (Joab) produced before David the smaller census, the larger he did not. Kidd.48b; B. Bath. 165a, a. e. מרְאֶה מקום הוא לו he merely indicated the place to him, v. קְפֵידָא. Ber.55b מראין לו חלום טוב is shown a good dream (vision), Ib. הֶרְאוּהוּ חלומווכ׳ was shown his own dream and the interpretation of his fellow prisoners dream. Ab. Zar.5a ה׳ לוהקב״ה לאדם דורוכ׳ the Lord allowed Adam to see each coming generation and its preachers Taan.10b אל תַּרְאוּ עצמכםוכ׳, v. שָׂבֵעַ I; a. v. fr.ה׳ פנים a) ( to show a ( friendly) face, to visit the mourner. Y.M. Kat. III, 82b מפני … להַרְאוֹתוכ׳ why is it recommended to visit the mourner (on the Sabbath, when no other mourning ceremonies are otherwise observed)? Ib. 83a bot. אין מראיןוכ׳ a mourner is not visited on New Years Day Gen. R. s. 100; a. e.b) to enlighten, convince by clear argument. Snh.93b (ref. to איש תאר, 1 Sam. 16:18) שמראה פנים בהלכה he makes faces shine when he argues; Num. R. s. 13; (Ruth R. to II, 1; Yalk. Sam. 125 שמאיר); a. e. Hof. הוּרְאָה to be shown. Y.M. Kat. III, 82c top אם הוּרְאוּ לו רוב פנים if most of the faces have been shown him, i. e. if the majority of comforters have been to see him (v. supra). Hithpa. הִתְרָאֶה to show ones self. Taan.10b שכח … אל יִתְרָאֶה בפני הצבור if he forgot and ate and drank (in a place where a fast is held), he must not show himself before the people.

Jewish literature > ראה
86 רָאָה

ראי, רָאָה(b. h.) ( to meet with, 1) to see. Ber.IX, 1 הרואֶה מקיםוכ׳ he who sees (comes to) a place Ib. 56b הרואה נהר בחלום he who sees a river in his dream. B. Bath.82a כל שרואה פני חמה, v. גֶּזַע. Gen. R. s. 56 רוֹאִים אתם … רואה do you see what I see? Ex. R. s. 3 אתה רואה ראייה אחתוכ׳ thou seest only one vision, but I see two; אתה רואה אותן באיןוכ׳ thou seest them come to Sinai and receive my Law, but I see B. Mets.73b רָאִיתָ שאינווכ׳ if thou observest that he does not conduct himself properly; a. v. fr.Snh.52a הֵנִרְאֶה מיוכ׳ (Ms. M. הֵא נראה) well, we shall see which, v. קָבַר. Sabb.150a לא יאמר … הנראה שתעמורוכ׳ one must not say to ones neighbor (on the Sabbath), well, we shall see (I am confident) that you will be with me in the evening (for business); Ab. Zar.7a (Tosaf. = הֲנִרְאֶה בעיניך, Nif. is it pleasing to thee?); Tosef.Sabb. XVII (XVIII), 11 נראה ed. Zuck. (Var. הנ׳). Sifré Num. 84 הנראה שתגיע עמנווכ׳ be sure to arrive with (meet) us at Ib. הנ׳ שתעמידניוכ׳ be sure to wake me up, for I ר׳ דם, ר׳ קרי to have an attack, be affected with. Yeb.76a לאר׳ קרי מימיו he never had a nightly pollution. Zab. I, 1 ר׳ אחת … ובשלישיר׳ שתים (sub. זיבה) if he felt one attack of gonorrhœa …, and on the third day he had two attacks. Ber.III, 6 רָאֲתָה נדה (sub. דם) felt menstruation. Ib. 26a ר׳ זיבה felt a flux; a. fr. 2) to reflect; to reason; to consider. B. Bath.83a רוֹאִין … כאילווכ׳ we consider the central vine-trees as if not existing. Erub.I, 5 רואין אותה … מתכת we consider it (the cross-piece of straw or reeds) as if it were of metal; עקימה רואיןוכ׳ if it is curved, we consider it as if it were straight. Gen. R. l. c. הוי רואה דמיווכ׳ look upon the blood of this ram, as if it were the blood of ; a. v. fr.מהר׳ what did he see?, what was the reason; in gen. why? B. Bath. 123a מהר׳ יעקב שנטלוכ׳ what reason had Jacob to take the birthright from Reuben? Pes.53b מה רָאוּ … שמסרווכ׳ what did Hananiah, Mishael and Azariah have in mind (how did they reason) when they were ready to give up their lives ? Sifré Deut. 307 מה ראו … שנשטפווכ׳ why were the men of the flood drowned ?; a. fr. 3) to see the reason of, to like, choose, prefer, approve of. Keth.XIII, 3, sq. רואה אני את רבריוכ׳ I like the opinion of Admon. Ib. 109a כל מקום שאמר … רואח אניוכ׳ wherever R. G. said, I like, that opinion is the adopted rule. Ab. II, 7 רואה אני … מדבריכם I prefer what El. … said to what you said; a. fr.Part. pass. רָאוּי; f. רְאוּיָה; pl. רְאוּיִים; רְאוּיִין; רְאוּיוֹת chosen, selected; designated, predestined; fit, worthy, adapted (v. חֲזִי). Bekh.59b, a. e. מנין הר׳, v. מִנְיָן. Ḥull.83b, a. fr. כל הר׳ לבילה whatever is capable of being mixed, v. בִּילָה. Nidd.VI, 4 כל הר׳ לדוןוכ׳ whoever is fit (authorized) to give judgment in a criminal court, is fit Sabb.89b ר׳ היה יעקבוכ׳ Jacob was destined to go down to Egypt in iron chains, but his merits were the cause (that no such force was used). Snh.107a ר׳ היתהוכ׳ Bathsheba … was predestined (as wife) for David, only he anticipated fate, v. פַּגָּה. Ber.4a ר׳ היו ישראל ליעשותוכ׳ it had been intended that a miracle be performed for the Israelites in Ezras days, as it has been in Joshuas time, but sin was the cause (that it was not done). Nidd.60a ר׳ לראות fit (old enough) to have menstruation; a. v. fr. Nif. נִרְאָה 1) to be seen, be visible; to appear; to seem. Gen. R. s. 48 נִרְאִין כאוכליןוכ׳ they had the appearance of eating, one course after the other being removed. Pesik. R. s. 21 בפנים הרבה נ׳ להםוכ׳ the Lord appeared to them at Sinai with various expressions of countenance. Pesik. Vayhi, p. 5a> קרסי זהב נראין … הנראיןוכ׳, v. קֶרֶס. Ḥag.2a; Snh.4b, a. e. (ref. to יראה, Ex. 23:17) יִרְאֶה יֵרָאֶה … לִרְאוֹת … לֵירָאוֹת you may read it yireh (he shall see, the Lord) or yeraëh (he shall be seen): as He comes to see, so does He come to be seen (i. e. he that is blind in one eye is exempt from visiting the Temple. Ḥag.5b הנראין ואינן רואין … הרואים יאינן נראין, v. קָבַל I, Hif.Pes.53a שנ׳ כמקדישוכ׳ it looks as if he dedicated his animal as a sacrifice, and were to eat sacred meat outside of the Temple. Ab. II, 3 נראין כאוהביןוכ׳ they appear to be friends as long as it profits them; a. v. fr. 2) to become fit, be fit. Yoma 64a, v. דָּחָה. Succ.33b נ׳ ונדחה חוזר ונ׳ what had been fit at one time of the Holy Day, and was discarded (on account of a temporary unfitness), may again become fit (for use on the same day); a. e. 3) to be liked, approved of; to appear reasonable. Ḥull.108b נ׳ דבריוכ׳ R. Judahs opinion is acceptable in the event that no stirring has taken place. Ib. 109a נ׳ דבריר׳ י׳ בהא … בהא R. Judahs opinion is acceptable in such a case, and that of the scholars in such a case. Ber.33b ר׳ חייא … נראין R. Ḥ. bar Abba reported Rabbi to have said nirin (it seems acceptable), contrad. to מטין a. מודים; Erub.46b; a. fr. Hif. הֶרְאָה to cause to see; to show. Pesik. Shek., p. 19a> (ref. to Ex. 30:13) כמין מטבע … והֶרְאֵהוּ למשהוכ׳ the Lord took a sort of a coin of fire from under his throne of glory and showed it to Moses, saying, ‘this they shall give, like this Ib. p. 18b> הקטנהה׳ לדודוכ׳ he (Joab) produced before David the smaller census, the larger he did not. Kidd.48b; B. Bath. 165a, a. e. מרְאֶה מקום הוא לו he merely indicated the place to him, v. קְפֵידָא. Ber.55b מראין לו חלום טוב is shown a good dream (vision), Ib. הֶרְאוּהוּ חלומווכ׳ was shown his own dream and the interpretation of his fellow prisoners dream. Ab. Zar.5a ה׳ לוהקב״ה לאדם דורוכ׳ the Lord allowed Adam to see each coming generation and its preachers Taan.10b אל תַּרְאוּ עצמכםוכ׳, v. שָׂבֵעַ I; a. v. fr.ה׳ פנים a) ( to show a ( friendly) face, to visit the mourner. Y.M. Kat. III, 82b מפני … להַרְאוֹתוכ׳ why is it recommended to visit the mourner (on the Sabbath, when no other mourning ceremonies are otherwise observed)? Ib. 83a bot. אין מראיןוכ׳ a mourner is not visited on New Years Day Gen. R. s. 100; a. e.b) to enlighten, convince by clear argument. Snh.93b (ref. to איש תאר, 1 Sam. 16:18) שמראה פנים בהלכה he makes faces shine when he argues; Num. R. s. 13; (Ruth R. to II, 1; Yalk. Sam. 125 שמאיר); a. e. Hof. הוּרְאָה to be shown. Y.M. Kat. III, 82c top אם הוּרְאוּ לו רוב פנים if most of the faces have been shown him, i. e. if the majority of comforters have been to see him (v. supra). Hithpa. הִתְרָאֶה to show ones self. Taan.10b שכח … אל יִתְרָאֶה בפני הצבור if he forgot and ate and drank (in a place where a fast is held), he must not show himself before the people.

Jewish literature > רָאָה
87 Б-78

ВО ВСЁМ БЛЕСКЕ (чего) PrepP Invar subj-compl with бытье ( subj: usu. human, animal, or concr), obj-compl with показать etc obj: usu. human, animal, or concr), or adv fixed WO
showing the full extent of one's or its perfection

in all one's (its) glory (splendor)
in one's (its) full splendor
во всём блеске своей красоты (своего остроумия и т. п.) =* as breathtakingly beautiful (as brilliantly witty etc) as ever.

"И неужели, неужели вы из-за того только, чтоб обучить собаку, все время не приходили!» - воскликнул с невольным укором Алеша. «Именно для того, - прокричал простодушнейшим образом Коля. - Я хотел показать его (пса) во всем блеске!» (Достоевский 1). "And can it be, can it be that you refused to come all this time only in order to train the dog!" Alyosha exclaimed with involuntary reproach "That's precisely the reason," Kolya shouted in the most naive way "I wanted to show him in all his glory!" (1a).

Соколовский был налицо, несколько похудевший и бледный, но во всем блеске своего юмора (Герцен 1). Sokolovsky was present, pale and somewhat thinner, but as brilliantly amusing as ever (1a).

Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > Б-78
88 во всем блеске

• ВО ВСЕМ БЛЕСКЕ ( чего)

[PrepP; Invar; subj-compl with быть (subj: usu. human, animal, or concr), obj-compl with показать etc (obj: usu. human, animal, or concr), or adv; fixed WO]

=====

⇒ showing the full extent of one's or its perfection:

- in all one's (its) glory (splendor);

- in onels (its) full splendor;

|| во всём блеске своей красоты (своего остроумия и т. п.) ≈ as breathtakingly beautiful (as brilliantly witty etc) as ever.

♦ "И неужели, неужели вы из-за того только, чтоб обучить собаку, все время не приходили!" - воскликнул с невольным укором Алеша. "Именно для того, - прокричал простодушнейшим образом Коля. - Я хотел показать его [пса] во всем блеске!" (Достоевский 1). "And can it be, can it be that you refused to come all this time only in order to train the dog!" Alyosha exclaimed with involuntary reproach "That's precisely the reason," Kolya shouted in the most naive way "I wanted to show him in all his glory!" (1a).

♦ Соколовский был налицо, несколько похудевший и бледный, но во всем блеске своего юмора (Герцен 1). Sokolovsky was present, pale and somewhat thinner, but as brilliantly amusing as ever (1a).

Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > во всем блеске
89 besoin

besoin [bəzwɛ̃]

masculine noun

need (de for)

• nos besoins en énergie our energy requirements

• subvenir aux besoins de qn to provide for sb's needs

• éprouver le besoin de faire qch to feel the need to do sth

• en cas de besoin if the need arises

• pour les besoins de la cause for the purpose in hand

• le besoin ( = pauvreté) need

• être dans le besoin to be in need

• faire ses besoins [personne] to relieve o.s. (Brit) ; [animal domestique] to do its business

► au besoin if necessary

► avoir besoin de to need

• je n'ai pas besoin de vous rappeler que... there's no need for me to remind you that...

• il a grand besoin d'aide he needs help badly

• il avait bien besoin de ça ! (ironic) that's just what he needed! (ironique)► si besoin est if need be

* * *
bəzwɛ̃
1.

nom masculin need (de for; de faire to do)

répondre à un besoin — to meet a need

si besoin est, en cas de besoin — if need be

avoir besoin de quelque chose/quelqu'un — to need something/somebody

j'ai bien besoin de ça! — (colloq) iron that's all I need! iron

avoir besoin de faire — to need to do

j'ai besoin de changer d'air — I need a change of scene

tu as besoin qu'on s'occupe de toi — you need somebody to take care of you

il n'est pas besoin de faire — there is no need to do

est-il besoin que je vienne? — is it necessary for me to come?

est-il besoin de le dire? — need I remind you?

éprouver le besoin de faire — to feel a need to do

pour les besoins de la cause — for the good of the cause

être dans le besoin — to be in need

être à l'abri du besoin — to be free from want

2.

besoins nom masculin pluriel needs

besoins actuels — today's needs

subvenir aux besoins de quelqu'un — to provide for somebody

besoins en eau/personnel — water/staff requirements

••

faire ses besoins — (colloq) [personne] to relieve oneself; [animal] to do its business

* * *
bəzwɛ̃
1. nm

1) (= nécessité) need

le besoin d'argent — the need for money

le besoin de gloire — the need for glory

avoir besoin de qch — to need sth

avoir besoin de faire qch — to need to do sth

J'ai besoin d'argent. — I need some money.

J'ai besoin d'y réfléchir. — I need to think about it.

il n'y a pas besoin de faire — there is no need to do

au besoin; si besoin est — if need be

2) (= pauvreté)

le besoin — need, want

dans le besoin — in need

une famille dans le besoin — a needy family

2. besoins nmpl

1)

besoins naturels — nature's needs

faire ses besoins — to relieve o.s.

2)

pour les besoins de la cause — for the purpose in hand

* * *

besoin

A nm

1 ( exigence) need; exprimer un besoin to express a need; satisfaire un besoin to satisfy a need; répondre à un besoin to meet a need; répondre aux besoins de qn to meet sb's needs; au besoin, si besoin est if need be; en cas de besoin if the need arises; au besoin on prendra deux voitures if need be, we'll take two cars; le besoin de qch the need for sth; le besoin de faire the need to do; j'étais poussée par le besoin de comprendre/savoir I was driven by the need to understand/know; avoir besoin de qch/qn to need sth/sb; merci, je n'ai besoin de rien I don't need anything, thank you; j'ai bien besoin de ça○! iron that's all I need! iron; avoir besoin de faire to need to do; elle a besoin d'être réconfortée/d'en parler à qn she needs to be comforted/to talk it over with sb; j'ai besoin de changer d'air I need a change of scene; ai-je besoin de préciser/de rappeler/d'ajouter que…? need I specify/remind you/add that…?; tu as besoin qu'on te parle/s'occupe de toi you need somebody to talk to you/take care of you; parle-lui, il en a bien besoin go and talk to him, he really needs it right now; nous avons besoin qu'ils acceptent le contrat we need them to accept the contract; il n'est pas besoin de faire fml there is no need to do; est-il besoin de venir or que je vienne? fml is it necessary for me to come?; est-il besoin de le dire need I remind you, I hardly need to remind you; éprouver or ressentir le besoin de faire to feel a need to do; elle n'éprouve pas le besoin de déménager she doesn't feel a need to move; si le besoin se fait sentir nous ouvrirons le dimanche if there is a demand for it we'll open on Sundays; ils se sont unis pour les besoins de la cause they got together for the good of the cause;

2 ( pauvreté) poverty; être dans le besoin to be in need; être à l'abri du besoin to be free from want.

B besoins nmpl needs; pour s'adapter aux besoins actuels/des utilisateurs to adapt to today's/the users' needs; on se crée des besoins people invent needs; subvenir aux besoins de sa famille to provide for one's family; les besoins en équipement/gaz/eau equipment/gas/water requirements; quels sont leurs besoins en personnel/main-d'œuvre? what are their personnel/manpower requirements?

Idiome

faire ses besoins○ [personne] to relieve oneself; [animal] to do its business.

[bəzwɛ̃] nom masculin

1. [nécessité] need

il a de gros besoins d'argent he needs lots of money

nos besoins en pétrole/ingénieurs our oil/engineering requirements

tous vos besoins seront satisfaits all your needs will be answered ou satisfied

avoir ou sentir ou ressentir le besoin de faire quelque chose to feel the need to do something

il n'est pas besoin de vous dire you hardly need to be told

si besoin est if necessary, if needs be

il n'est pas besoin de mentir there's no need to lie

sans qu'il soit besoin de prévenir les parents without it being necessary to let the parents know

besoin (naturel), petit besoin, besoin pressant (euphémisme) call of nature

faire ses (petits) besoins to attend to ou to answer the call of nature

être pris d'un besoin pressant to be taken ou caught short

avoir un besoin pressant d'argent to be pressed for money

2. [pauvreté] need

dans le besoin in need

ceux qui sont dans le besoin the needy

c'est dans le besoin qu'on connaît le véritable ami ou ses vrais amis (proverbe) a friend in need is a friend indeed (proverbe)

3. (locution)

avoir besoin de quelque chose to need something

avoir besoin de faire quelque chose to need to do something

je n'en ai aucun besoin I have no need of it whatsoever

elle n'a pas besoin qu'on le lui répète she doesn't need ou have to be told twice

je n'ai pas besoin de vous rappeler que... I don't need to ou I needn't remind you that...

mon agenda a besoin d'être mis à jour my diary (UK) ou agenda (US) needs updating ou to be updated

avoir bien ou grand besoin de quelque chose to be in dire need of something, to need something badly

un pneu crevé! on en avait bien besoin ou on avait bien besoin de ça! (ironique) a flat tyre, that's all we needed!

tu avais bien besoin de lui dire! you WOULD have to go and tell him!, what did you (want to) tell him for?

————————

au besoin locution adverbiale

if necessary, if needs ou need be

————————

pour les besoins de locution prépositionnelle

pour les besoins de la cause for the purpose in hand

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > besoin
90 morning

['mɔːnɪŋ] 1.
nome mattino m., mattina f.; (with emphasis on duration) mattinata f.

during the morning — in mattinata

at 3 o'clock in the morning — alle tre del mattino

(on) Monday morning — lunedì mattina

on Monday mornings — il lunedì mattina

this morning — stamattina

later this morning — più tardi in mattinata

early in the morning — di prima mattina, la mattina presto

I'll do it first thing in the morning — lo faccio come prima cosa domani mattina

to be on mornings — fare il turno del mattino

to work mornings — lavorare il mattino
2.
modificatore [train, news, paper, star] del mattino

••

the morning after the night before — (hangover or after sex) il mattino dopo

* * *
['mo:niŋ]
noun

(the first part of the day, approximately up to noon: this morning; tomorrow morning.) mattina

- morning-after pill
- morning glory
- morning dress
* * *
['mɔːnɪŋ] 1.
nome mattino m., mattina f.; (with emphasis on duration) mattinata f.

during the morning — in mattinata

at 3 o'clock in the morning — alle tre del mattino

(on) Monday morning — lunedì mattina

on Monday mornings — il lunedì mattina

this morning — stamattina

later this morning — più tardi in mattinata

early in the morning — di prima mattina, la mattina presto

I'll do it first thing in the morning — lo faccio come prima cosa domani mattina

to be on mornings — fare il turno del mattino

to work mornings — lavorare il mattino
2.
modificatore [train, news, paper, star] del mattino

••

the morning after the night before — (hangover or after sex) il mattino dopo

English-Italian dictionary > morning
91 honour

1. n честь, честность

professional honour — профессиональная честь

nicety in matters of honour — щепетильность в вопросах чести

to whom have I the honour of speaking? — с кем имею честь ?

to put honour before riches — предпочитать честь богатству

I have the honour to inform you — имею честь сообщить вам

an equestrian code of honour — кодекс рыцарской чести

2. n честь, благородство

a man of honour — благородный человек

soul of honour — воплощённое благородство; благороднейший человек

point of honour — вопрос чести

an affair of honour — дело чести

a debt of honour — долг чести

code of honour — кодекс чести

to conduct oneself with honour — вести себя благородно, проявить благородство

honour protection — защита чести

law of the honour — кодекс чести

to vindicate honour — защищать честь

unspotted honour — незапятнанная честь

to come off with honour — выйти с честью

3. n честь, доброе имя, хорошая репутация

to come out of an affair with honour — с честью выйти из положения

that redounds to his honour — это делает ему честь

Exception, Your Honour! — возражение, Ваша честь!

questionable honour — сомнительная репутация

to be sensible of an honour — ценить честь

a blur on his honour — пятно на его чести

4. n честь; целомудрие, добродетель, чистота

law of honour — кодекс чести

affair of honour — дело чести

code of honour — кодекс чести

laws of honour — кодекс чести

unattainted honour — незапятнанная честь

5. n почёт, почесть; уважение, почтение

guard of honour — почётный караул; караул почёта

place of honour — почётное место

maid of honour — фрейлина

peace with honour — почётный мир, мир на почётных условиях

to have in honour — чтить

Companion of Honour — кавалер ордена Кавалеров почёта

Your Honour — ваша честь

6. n честь, слава

to win honour in battle — заслужить боевую славу; добыть славу в бою

debt of honour — долг чести,

court of honour — суд чести

7. n l

8. n почести

military honours — воинские почести

the last honours — последние почести, погребальная церемония

to render honours — оказывать почести

9. n награды; ордена

Birthday Honours — награждения ко дню рождения монарха

well-deserved honour — заслуженная награда

10. n унив. отличие

to pass with honours in history — выдержать экзамен по истории с отличием

honours degree — диплом с отличием

11. n карт. онёры

12. n уст. поклон, реверанс

to do the honours of the house — принимать гостей; исполнять обязанности хозяина

to do the honours of the table — быть хозяином за столом, угощать гостей; провозглашать тосты

all honour to him! — слава ему!; честь и хвала ему!

13. v почитать, чтить

I feel highly honoured — благодарю за честь, очень польщён

we are very much honoured by your company — вы оказали нам большую честь

honour thy father and thy mother — чти отца своего и мать свою

14. v удостаивать

he honoured me with an invitation — он удостоил меня приглашением

15. v соблюдать; выполнять

16. v фин. акцептовать; оплатить

honour a cheque — оплатить чек

honour a bill — акцептировать вексель; оплатить вексель

Синонимический ряд:

1. chastity (noun) chastity; purity; virginity

2. distinction (noun) accolade; distinction; kudos; laurels

3. fame (noun) esteem; fame; glory; praise; renown

4. integrity (noun) character; honesty; incorruptibility; integrity; nobleness; principle; probity; rectitude; uprightness

5. regard (noun) account; admiration; appreciation; consideration; estimation; favour; privilege; regard

6. respect (noun) adoration; deference; homage; obeisance; respect; reverence; veneration

7. status (noun) dignity; prestige; reputation; repute; status

8. distinguish (verb) distinguish; elevate; ennoble; exalt; signalise

9. favour (verb) dignify; favour; grace

10. praise (verb) acclaim; celebrate; eulogise; extol; glorify; hail; laud; magnify; praise

11. respect (verb) admire; adore; consider; esteem; regard; respect; revere; reverence; value; venerate; worship

Антонимический ряд:

abominate; blemish; censure; contempt; contumely; corruption; debasement; degradation; denunciation; derision; discredit; disfavour; disgrace

English-Russian base dictionary > honour
92 fame

f hunger

aver fame be hungry

* * *

fame s.f.

1 hunger (anche fig.): avere fame, to be hungry; aveva fame, he was hungry; i morsi della fame, pangs of hunger; crampi di fame, hunger pangs; ingannare la fame, to stifle one's hunger; non stava in piedi dalla fame, he was faint with hunger; fare lo sciopero della fame, to go on (a) hunger strike; morire di fame, to die of (o from) hunger (o to die of starvation o to starve to death); far morire qlcu. di fame, to starve s.o.; lavorare per non morire di fame, to work to keep body and soul together; fare la fame, to go hungry (o to suffer from hunger); dopo aver fatto la fame per anni vivono ora nel lusso, having scraped by for years now they are living in the lap of luxury; quel bimbo ha fame di affetto, that child is hungry for love; avere fame di gloria, to hunger (o to thirst) for glory; fame di giustizia, hunger for justice //ho una fame da lupo!, muoio di fame!, I'm simply starving! (o I'm famished!) // un morto di fame, (fig.) a penniless wretch // è lungo come la fame, it's never ending (o interminable) // essere brutto come la fame, to be as ugly as sin // stipendi da fame, starvation wages

2 ( carestia) famine, hunger: durante la guerra migliaia di persone morirono di fame, during the war thousands died of famine; prendere una città per fame, to starve a city into submission; la fame nel mondo, the worldwide problem of famine.

* * *
['fame]
sostantivo femminile

1) (appetito) hunger (di for); (denutrizione) starvation

avere fame — to be hungry (anche fig.)

avere una fame da lupo — fig. to be ravenously hungry o starving

morire di fame — to die of starvation, to starve to death; fig. (avere molto appetito) to be starving

sciopero della fame — hunger strike

stipendio da fame — (misero) starvation wage

2) (carestia) famine

la fame nel mondo — world famine, the worldwide problem of famine

••

fare la fame — to be in dire (financial) straits

* * *

fame

/'fame/

sostantivo f.

1 (appetito) hunger (di for); (denutrizione) starvation; avere fame to be hungry (anche fig.); avere una fame da lupo fig. to be ravenously hungry o starving; morire di fame to die of starvation, to starve to death; fig. (avere molto appetito) to be starving; sciopero della fame hunger strike; stipendio da fame (misero) starvation wage

2 (carestia) famine; la fame nel mondo world famine, the worldwide problem of famine

IDIOMS

fare la fame to be in dire (financial) straits.

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > fame
93 ختم

خَتَمَ \ close: to come or bring to an end: She closed her speech with a funny joke. conclude: to finish; end (a meeting, speech etc.). crown: to complete successfully: His success was crowned with glory. end: to bring to a finish: We ended the meeting at 8 o’clock. finish: to bring to an end; come to an end: Have you finished your meal? Yes, we’ve finished. seal: to close sth. (an envelope, a door, etc.) in such a way that it cannot be opened secretly by the wrong person: Valuable letters are sometimes sealed with wax. stamp: to mark with a rubber stamp: The price was stamped on the goods. \ See Also أنهى (أَنْهَى)، توقف (تَوَقَّفَ)، أقفل (أَقْفَلَ)، مهر (مَهَرَ)‏

Arabic-English dictionary > ختم
94 close

خَتَمَ \ close: to come or bring to an end: She closed her speech with a funny joke. conclude: to finish; end (a meeting, speech etc.). crown: to complete successfully: His success was crowned with glory. end: to bring to a finish: We ended the meeting at 8 o’clock. finish: to bring to an end; come to an end: Have you finished your meal? Yes, we’ve finished. seal: to close sth. (an envelope, a door, etc.) in such a way that it cannot be opened secretly by the wrong person: Valuable letters are sometimes sealed with wax. stamp: to mark with a rubber stamp: The price was stamped on the goods. \ See Also أنهى (أَنْهَى)، توقف (تَوَقَّفَ)، أقفل (أَقْفَلَ)، مهر (مَهَرَ)‏

Arabic-English glossary > close
95 conclude

خَتَمَ \ close: to come or bring to an end: She closed her speech with a funny joke. conclude: to finish; end (a meeting, speech etc.). crown: to complete successfully: His success was crowned with glory. end: to bring to a finish: We ended the meeting at 8 o’clock. finish: to bring to an end; come to an end: Have you finished your meal? Yes, we’ve finished. seal: to close sth. (an envelope, a door, etc.) in such a way that it cannot be opened secretly by the wrong person: Valuable letters are sometimes sealed with wax. stamp: to mark with a rubber stamp: The price was stamped on the goods. \ See Also أنهى (أَنْهَى)، توقف (تَوَقَّفَ)، أقفل (أَقْفَلَ)، مهر (مَهَرَ)‏

Arabic-English glossary > conclude
96 crown

خَتَمَ \ close: to come or bring to an end: She closed her speech with a funny joke. conclude: to finish; end (a meeting, speech etc.). crown: to complete successfully: His success was crowned with glory. end: to bring to a finish: We ended the meeting at 8 o’clock. finish: to bring to an end; come to an end: Have you finished your meal? Yes, we’ve finished. seal: to close sth. (an envelope, a door, etc.) in such a way that it cannot be opened secretly by the wrong person: Valuable letters are sometimes sealed with wax. stamp: to mark with a rubber stamp: The price was stamped on the goods. \ See Also أنهى (أَنْهَى)، توقف (تَوَقَّفَ)، أقفل (أَقْفَلَ)، مهر (مَهَرَ)‏

Arabic-English glossary > crown
97 end

خَتَمَ \ close: to come or bring to an end: She closed her speech with a funny joke. conclude: to finish; end (a meeting, speech etc.). crown: to complete successfully: His success was crowned with glory. end: to bring to a finish: We ended the meeting at 8 o’clock. finish: to bring to an end; come to an end: Have you finished your meal? Yes, we’ve finished. seal: to close sth. (an envelope, a door, etc.) in such a way that it cannot be opened secretly by the wrong person: Valuable letters are sometimes sealed with wax. stamp: to mark with a rubber stamp: The price was stamped on the goods. \ See Also أنهى (أَنْهَى)، توقف (تَوَقَّفَ)، أقفل (أَقْفَلَ)، مهر (مَهَرَ)‏

Arabic-English glossary > end
98 finish

خَتَمَ \ close: to come or bring to an end: She closed her speech with a funny joke. conclude: to finish; end (a meeting, speech etc.). crown: to complete successfully: His success was crowned with glory. end: to bring to a finish: We ended the meeting at 8 o’clock. finish: to bring to an end; come to an end: Have you finished your meal? Yes, we’ve finished. seal: to close sth. (an envelope, a door, etc.) in such a way that it cannot be opened secretly by the wrong person: Valuable letters are sometimes sealed with wax. stamp: to mark with a rubber stamp: The price was stamped on the goods. \ See Also أنهى (أَنْهَى)، توقف (تَوَقَّفَ)، أقفل (أَقْفَلَ)، مهر (مَهَرَ)‏

Arabic-English glossary > finish
99 seal

خَتَمَ \ close: to come or bring to an end: She closed her speech with a funny joke. conclude: to finish; end (a meeting, speech etc.). crown: to complete successfully: His success was crowned with glory. end: to bring to a finish: We ended the meeting at 8 o’clock. finish: to bring to an end; come to an end: Have you finished your meal? Yes, we’ve finished. seal: to close sth. (an envelope, a door, etc.) in such a way that it cannot be opened secretly by the wrong person: Valuable letters are sometimes sealed with wax. stamp: to mark with a rubber stamp: The price was stamped on the goods. \ See Also أنهى (أَنْهَى)، توقف (تَوَقَّفَ)، أقفل (أَقْفَلَ)، مهر (مَهَرَ)‏

Arabic-English glossary > seal
100 stamp

خَتَمَ \ close: to come or bring to an end: She closed her speech with a funny joke. conclude: to finish; end (a meeting, speech etc.). crown: to complete successfully: His success was crowned with glory. end: to bring to a finish: We ended the meeting at 8 o’clock. finish: to bring to an end; come to an end: Have you finished your meal? Yes, we’ve finished. seal: to close sth. (an envelope, a door, etc.) in such a way that it cannot be opened secretly by the wrong person: Valuable letters are sometimes sealed with wax. stamp: to mark with a rubber stamp: The price was stamped on the goods. \ See Also أنهى (أَنْهَى)، توقف (تَوَقَّفَ)، أقفل (أَقْفَلَ)، مهر (مَهَرَ)‏

Arabic-English glossary > stamp

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