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1 Gans
f; -, Gänse* * *die Gansgoose* * *Gạns [gans]f -, ordm;e['gɛnzə] goosewie die Gänse schnattern — to cackle away, to cackle like a bunch of old hens (inf)
* * *(a web-footed animal like a duck, but larger: The farmer's wife keeps geese.) goose* * *<-, Gänse>[ˈgans, pl ˈgɛnzə]f2. (Schimpfwort)* * *die; Gans, Gänse1) goose2) (abwertend): (weibliche Person)eine [dumme/alberne/blöde] Gans — a silly goose
* * *2. fig:alberne/dumme Gans silly fool; milder silly thing, silly goose* * *die; Gans, Gänse1) goose2) (abwertend): (weibliche Person)eine [dumme/alberne/blöde] Gans — a silly goose
* * *-¨e ( -e) f.goose n.(§ pl.: geese) -
2 goose
[guːs] plural geese [giːs] nouna web-footed animal like a duck, but larger:إوَزَّه، وَزَّهThe farmer's wife keeps geese.
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3 Bauersleute
* * *Bau|ers|leu|teplfarm( ing) folk, farmers pl* * *Bau·ers·leu·tepl1. (Bauern) country [or farming] folk2. (Bauer und Bäuerin) the farmer and his wife* * *Plural (Bauer und Bäuerin)die [beiden] Bauersleute — the farmer and his wife
* * ** * *Plural (Bauer und Bäuerin)die [beiden] Bauersleute — the farmer and his wife
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4 decumānus or decimānus
decumānus or decimānus adj. [decimus], of the tenth part, of tithes: ager, that pays tithes: frumentum, a tithe of the produce. — Collecting tithes, farming tithes: mulier, a tithe-farmer's wife.—As subst m., a tithe-farmer, tax-collector.— Poet.: acipenser, fit for a tax-collector, i. e. of the largest size, Lucil. ap. C.— Of the tenth cohort, in the phrase, porta decumana, the main entrance of a Roman camp, where the tenth cohort of the legion was stationed, Cs., L.— Plur m. as subst, soldiers of the tenth legion, Ta. -
5 gaździna
The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > gaździna
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6 Bauersleute
Bau·ers·leu·te pl2) ( Bauer und Bäuerin) the farmer and his wife -
7 gaździn|a
f dial. a farmer’s wife in the Polish CarpathiansThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > gaździn|a
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8 BÓNDI
* * *(pl. bœndr, gen. bónda), m.1) husbandman, farmer, peasant (dóttir eins lítils bónda); a yeoman, franklin, landowner (hinir stœrri bœndr);2) master, head of a household (= húsbóndi);3) husband (nú er bóndi dauðr, en kona lifir eptir).* * *a, m.: older form búandi, or even bóandi, pl. búendr or bóendr; gen. búanda, bóanda; dat. buöndum, bóöndum, Edda 28, Grág. i. 370, 371. Ó. H. 203, 209–211, 215, Nj. 14, 220; búanda (gen. pl.), 211, 212, 215–217, 220; búöndum, 219; bóandi, Grág. i. 114, 157, 187, 377, Nj. 52; but the common Icel. form is bóndi, pl. bændr; gen. dat. pl. in old writers either bónda, bóndum, or as at present keeping the æ throughout all plur. cases (bænda, (gen.) bændum): properly a part. act. from búa (turned into a noun subst., cp. frændi, fjándi), A. S. buan; Germ. bauer, and therefore originally a tiller of the ground, husbandman, but it always involved the sense of ownership, and included all owners of land (or bú, q. v.). from the petty freeholder to the franklin, and esp. the class represented by the yeoman of England generally or the statesman of Westmoreland and Cumberland: hence it came to mean the master of the house, A. S. bond and hûsbond, Engl. husband.1. a husbandman. The law distinguishes between a grið-maðr a labourer, búðsetu-maðr a cottager, and a búandi or bóndi a man who has land and stock. In the Icel. Commonwealth only the b. (but neither cottager or labourer) could act as judge or neighbour who gave witness in acquittal of a culprit (cp. þingheyjandi); the griðmaðr could only partly be admitted to the tylptarkviðr, not to the búakviðr, Grág. i. 35, 114; ek ryð þessa tvá menn ór kviðburðinum fyrir þá sök, at þeir eru búðsetu-menn en eigi bændr, Nj. 236; cp. l. c. below, where the distinction between both is defined. The Norse law, on the other hand, distinguishes between hersir or lendir menn ( barons) and búandi, cp. the interesting passage Fms. vi. 279 (verðr mér þá lends manns nafn ekki at virðingu; nú vil ek heldr heita bóndi sem ek á ætt til); the Norse hauldr- or óðals-bóndi nearly answers to the Engl. ‘yeoman.’ In the more despotic Norway and Denmark, as in continental Europe, ‘bóndi’ became a word of contempt, denoting the common, low people, opp. to the king and his ‘men’ (hirð), the royal officers, etc.; just as the Engl. boor degenerated from A. S. gebur, Germ. bauer, Dutch boer; and in mod. Dan. bönder means plebs, a boor; such is the use of bóndi in the Fms., esp. Sverr. S. and Hák. S. In the Icel. Commonwealth the word has a good sense, and is often used of the foremost men—Sighvatr bóndi, Sturl. ii. 78; Rafn bóndi (i. e. Sveinbjarnarsson), Bs. i. Rafn. S. several times; Rútr talaði þá til Marðar, hugsa þú svá um bóndi (Mord Gigja), Nj. 3; optar hefir þú glaðari verit, búndi, en nú, 174 (of Flosi); Njáll bóndi, id.; Þorsteinn bóndi, Illugi bóndi, Gunnl. S. Ísl. ii; Björn bóndi, Safn i. 657; Björn bóndi Einarsson (Jórsalafari), Ann. 1393; Ari bóndi, Daði bóndi, Bs. ii. 474, 505; it is only opp. to the clerks (clergy) or knights, etc. This notion of the word ( a franklin) still prevails in the mind of Icelanders.2. a husband, A. S. hûsbond; eigi var skegglauss Þorvaldr bóandi þinn, Nj. 52, Grág. i. 371, 377, Fms. i. 149; hjá hvílu búanda þíns, Nj. 14. [The learned Icel. clergyman Eyjulf on Vellir (died A. D. 1747) has written a short essay upoii the word bóndi, Icel. MSS. Bodl. no. 71.]COMPDS:—(in mod. use always bænda- if pl., bónda- if sing.)—bónda-bani, a, m. a slayer of a bóndi, Fms. vi. 104. bónda-ból, n. (bónda-bær, m.), a farm, Grett. 96 A. bónda-dóttir, f. a bóndi’s daughter, Eg. 24, Snót 18. bónda-eiðr, m. a bundi’s oath, Gþl. 67. bónda-far, n. a bóndi’s ferry-boat, Hkr. ii. 292. bónda-fé, n. a provincial fund, Gþl. 11. bónda-fólk, n. a class of bændr, Fms. vii. 293. bónda-fylking (búanda-), f. a host of bændr, Fms. viii. 126. bónda-herr, m. an army of bændr, Fms. i. 162. bónda-hlutr. m. = bóndatíund. Fr. bónda-hus, n. a bóndi’s house, K. Þ. K. 26. bónda-hvíla, u, f. a bóndi’s bed, El. 9. bónda-kirkja (búanda-), u, f. the church belonging to the bóndi in Thingvalla, where the parliament was held; and búanda-kirkjugarðr, m. the churchyard to that church, vide Nj. and Grág. This church was erected about the middle of the 11th century, vide Kristni S., Fms. vi. 266. bónda-kona, u, f. a good wife of a bóndi, Gþl. 511. bónda-laus, adj. husband-less, widowed, Stj. 420. bónda-lega, u, f. the burial place of bændr, N. G. L. i. 368. bónda-lið, n. = bóndaherr, Fms. ii. 48. bónda-ligr, adj. farmer-like. bónda-múgr, m. a crowd, host of bændr, Fms. xi. 248. bónda-nafn, n. the name, title of bóndi, Fms. vi. 279, Gþl. 106. bónda-réttr (búanda-), m. the right of a bóndi, Fms. ix. 135. bónda-safnaðr (- samnaðr) = bóndamúgr, Hkr. ii. 307, Fms. vii. 320. bónda-skapr, m. the state of the bændr, opp. to the clergy, Bs. i. 590. bónda-son, m. the son of a bóndi, Eg. 232. bónda-tala, u, f., vera í b., to be told or counted among bændr, Fas. ii. 326. bónda-tíund, f. tithe to be paid by bændr, Vm. 104. bónda-ungi, a, m. a young bóndi, Hkr. iii. 275. bónda-val, n. the elite of bændr; var þá gott b., there were choice bændr to be found, Sturl. i. 130, Landn. 236. bónda-ætt, f. a bóndi’s extraction, Fms. vi. 278. -
9 agricultor
adj.agricultural, farming, tiller.m.farmer, farm worker, cropper, grower.* * *► nombre masculino,nombre femenino1 farmer* * *(f. - agricultora)noun* * *agricultor, -a1.ADJ agricultural, farming antes de s2.SM / F farmer* * *- tora masculino, femenino farmer* * *= farmer, grower, market gardener, agrarian, husbandman [husbandmen, -pl.], agricultural labourer.Ex. State agricultural experiment station publications are a valuable resource for agricultural historians and sociologists, as well as for scientists, students, the agribusiness community, farmers, and the general public.Ex. The scheme's aim is to assist the primary producer (e.g. farmer, grower, fisherman) by improving the processing and marketing of agricultural products = El objetivo de este proyecto es ayudar al productor primario (por ej., el granjero, el agricultor y el pescador) mejorando el proceso y la comercialización de los productos agrícolas.Ex. He said that a concerted program of weeding would ensure that the library will have 'no books which will interest persons with an intellectual range above that of clodhoppers and market gardeners'.Ex. The new hip agrarians, who are attempting to make their living from the land as did the early settlers, must rely on the printed word to bridge the gap between themselves and their ancestors.Ex. Most of the testators were yeomen, husbandmen, tradesmen, craftsmen and laborers, and the widows of such men.Ex. The agricultural labourer receiving payment in kind was a married farm-hand with a one-year contract and whose wife had the duty to milk the cows morning and night.----* familia de agricultores = farming family.* pequeño agricultor = smallholder.* Sindicato Nacional de Agricultores (NFU) = National Farmers' Union (NFU).* * *- tora masculino, femenino farmer* * *= farmer, grower, market gardener, agrarian, husbandman [husbandmen, -pl.], agricultural labourer.Ex: State agricultural experiment station publications are a valuable resource for agricultural historians and sociologists, as well as for scientists, students, the agribusiness community, farmers, and the general public.
Ex: The scheme's aim is to assist the primary producer (e.g. farmer, grower, fisherman) by improving the processing and marketing of agricultural products = El objetivo de este proyecto es ayudar al productor primario (por ej., el granjero, el agricultor y el pescador) mejorando el proceso y la comercialización de los productos agrícolas.Ex: He said that a concerted program of weeding would ensure that the library will have 'no books which will interest persons with an intellectual range above that of clodhoppers and market gardeners'.Ex: The new hip agrarians, who are attempting to make their living from the land as did the early settlers, must rely on the printed word to bridge the gap between themselves and their ancestors.Ex: Most of the testators were yeomen, husbandmen, tradesmen, craftsmen and laborers, and the widows of such men.Ex: The agricultural labourer receiving payment in kind was a married farm-hand with a one-year contract and whose wife had the duty to milk the cows morning and night.* familia de agricultores = farming family.* pequeño agricultor = smallholder.* Sindicato Nacional de Agricultores (NFU) = National Farmers' Union (NFU).* * *masculine, femininefarmer* * *
agricultor◊ - tora sustantivo masculino, femenino
farmer
agricultor,-ora sustantivo masculino y femenino farmer
' agricultor' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
agricultora
- algodonero
English:
farmer
* * *agricultor, -ora nm,ffarmer* * *m, agricultora f farmer* * *agricultor, - tora n: farmer, grower* * *agricultor n farmer -
10 klein
I Adj.1. small (auch kleingewachsen); bes. attr. und gefühlsbetont: little; (winzig) tiny; Finger, Zehe: little; Buchstabe: small; ein rundlicher kleiner Mann a chubby little man; sie ist von uns allen die Kleinste she is the smallest of us; als ich noch klein war when I was a little boy ( oder girl); er ist doch noch klein he’s only small ( oder a child); zu einem Kind: he’s much smaller than you, remember; von klein auf from an early age, since childhood, since I was etc. a child; kleine Augen haben (müde aussehen) look tired; da wurde er ganz klein fig. that cut him down to size; (er schwieg dann) that shut him up; könnt ihr euch klein machen? fig. can you make yourselves thin ( oder squeeze up a bit) ?2. (unbedeutend) small ( auch Stimme); Fehler, Vergehen etc.: little, minor; kleine Rolle small ( oder bit) part; kleiner Bauer / Geschäftsmann small farmer / businessman; seine kleinen Intrigen / Launen his little intrigues / moods; es ist ein kleiner Anfang it’s just a start; der kleine Mann the man in the street; kleine Leute ordinary people; aus kleinen Verhältnissen stammen come from a humble background; und er hat daran kein kleines Verdienst and it’s no small thanks to him4. Pause, Unterbrechung etc.: short, brief8. in Wendungen: umg.: es klein haben (Betrag) have the right change; klein, aber fein good things come in small packages; klein, aber oho! umg. a mighty midget, Person: auch a pocket dynamo; Geschäft 6, ÜbelII Adv.1. small; klein gedruckt in small print; siehe auch Kleingedruckte; klein gemustert with a small pattern, small-patterned; klein gehackt finely chopped; klein hacken chop (up) fine; klein machen (Holz) chop up; (Geldschein) change; klein schneiden (Holz, Fleisch etc.) cut up into small pieces; ( auf) klein drehen / stellen (Herd etc.) turn down, put on low; den Benzinverbrauch klein halten keep fuel consumption low, keep down fuel consumption2. fig.: klein anfangen start off small, start from small beginnings; klein beigeben give in; klein denken be small-minded; Höflichkeit etc. wird bei ihr klein geschrieben politeness etc. is not one of her priorities; klein machen Kinderspr. do number one* * *short; little; small; exiguous; slight; faint; petit; runty; wee; diminutive; tiny; petty* * *[klain]1. adj1) little, small; Finger little; Format, Gehalt, Rente, Zahl, (Hand)schrift, Buchstabe small; (MUS ) Terz minorder Kleine Bär or Wagen — the Little Bear, Ursa Minor
x ist kléíner als 10 (Math) — x is less than ten
haben Sie es nicht kléíner? — don't you have anything smaller?
ein kléín bisschen or wenig — a little (bit)
ein kléín bisschen or wenig Salat — a little (bit of) salad
kléínes Geld — small change
du kléíner Teufel! — you little devil!
ein süßes kléínes Püppchen — a sweet little thing
hallo, kléíner Mann! — hello, little man
ein schönes kléínes Auto — a nice little car
mit seiner kléínen Frau — with his little wife
ich wusste nicht, dass seine Frau so kléín ist — I didn't know his wife was so small or little
eine kléíne, hübsche Wohnung — a small, pretty flat (Brit) or apartment
eine hübsche kléíne Wohnung — a nice little flat (Brit) or apartment
mein kléíner Bruder — my little brother
er ist kléíner als sein Bruder — he's smaller than his brother
kléín für sein Alter — small or little for his age
macht euch ein bisschen kléíner! — squeeze up closer
kléín aber oho (inf) — small but impressive
ganz kléín (und hässlich) werden (inf) — to look humiliated or deflated
im Kleinen — in miniature
kléíne Kinder kléíne Sorgen, große Kinder große Sorgen (prov) —
um ein Kleines zu... (geh) — a little or a trifle too...
See:kléínen Augenblick, bitte! — just one moment, please
einen Kopf kléíner als jd sein — to be a head shorter than sb
3) (= geringfügig) little, small, slight; Betrag, Summe little, smallbeim kléínsten Schreck — at the slightest or smallest shock
das kléínere Übel — the lesser evil
ein paar kléínere Fehler — a few minor mistakes
eine kléínere Unpässlichkeit — a minor ailment
er ist ein kléíner Geist — he is small-minded
der kléíne Mann — the ordinary citizen, the man in the street
ein kléíner Ganove — a small-time or petty crook
die Kleinen fängt man or werden gehängt, die Großen lässt man laufen (prov) — it's always the big fish that get away
sein Vater war (ein) kléíner Beamter — his father was a minor civil servant
See:→ Fisch5) (= armselig) Verhältnisse humble, lowly, modest6) Prüfung intermediate2. adv1) (= in kleiner Schrift) smaller schreibt sehr kléín — he writes very small, his writing is very small
ein Wort kléín drucken — to print a word without a capital
kléín gedruckt — in small print
kléín gemustert — small-patterned
kléín kariert (Stoff) — finely checked or chequered (Brit) or checkered (US)
See:2)etw kléíner stellen or drehen — to turn sth down
3)kléín anfangen — to start off in a small waykléín beigeben (inf) — to give in
kléín geraten sein (Gegenstand) — to have come out a little (too) small; (Mensch) to be a bit small
kléín gewachsen — short, small; (Baum) small
* * *1) (small in size: He is only a little boy; when she was little (= a child).) little2) (not tall; smaller than usual: a short man.) short3) (little in size, degree, importance etc; not large or great: She was accompanied by a small boy of about six; There's only a small amount of sugar left; She cut the meat up small for the baby.) small4) (not doing something on a large scale: He's a small businessman.) small5) ((of the letters of the alphabet) not capital: The teacher showed the children how to write a capital G and a small g.) small* * *[klain]I. adjsie fährt ein \kleines Auto she drives a small [or little] carsie hat ein schnuckeliges \kleines Auto she's got a nice little carer ist ein \kleiner Schlingel he's a little rascalim \kleinen Format in a small format▪ \klein geschnitten finely choppedetw \klein hacken to chop up sth sep\klein gehackte Zwiebeln finely chopped onionsim K\kleinen on a small scalebis ins K\kleinste [right] down to the smallest detail, in minute detaileinen Kopf \kleiner sein als jd to be a head shorter than sbder \kleine Peter/die \kleine Anna little Peter/Anna[jdm] etw \klein schneiden to cut up sth sep [into small pieces] [for sb]; s.a. Bier, Buchstabe, Finger, Terz, Zeh2. (Kleidung) smallhaben Sie das gleiche Modell auch in \kleiner? do you have the same style but in a size smaller?▪ jdm zu \klein sein to be too small for sbetw \kleiner machen to make sth smaller, to take in [or up] sth sepsein \kleiner Bruder his little [or younger] brothervon \klein auf from childhood [or an early age4. (kurz) shortein \kleiner Vorsprung a short [or small] start5. (kurz dauernd) shorteine \kleine Pause machen to have a short [or little] breakein \klein[es] bisschen [o \klein wenig] a little bit7. (geringer Betrag) smallein \kleines Gehalt a small [or low] salary8. (Wechselgeld) smallhaben Sie es nicht \kleiner? haven't you got anything smaller?9. (geringfügig) smalldie \kleinste Bewegung the slightest movementein \kleiner Fehler/Verstoß a minor mistake/violationeine \kleine Übelkeit a slight feeling of nauseaer fing als \kleiner Portier in dem Hotel an his first job in the hotel was as a lowly porterein \kleiner Bauer a small farmerein \kleiner Ganove a petty [or small-time] crookdie \kleinen Leute ordinary peopleaus \kleinen Verhältnissen stammen to come from a humble background11. (erniedrigt) small12. (weniger intensiv) low13. (in kleiner Schrift)etw \klein schreiben to write sth in small letters14. MATH\kleinste Fehlerquadrate least error squares\kleinster gemeinsamer Nenner lowest common denominator\kleinstes gemeinsames Vielfaches lowest common multiple15.▶ im K\kleinen wie im Großen in little things as well as in big ones▶ die K\kleinen [o \kleinen Gauner] hängt man, die Großen lässt man laufen (prov) the small fry get caught, while the big fish get away▶ \klein, aber oho (fam) small but eminently capable [or he/she packs a powerful punch]; s.a. Fakultas, LatinumII. adv▶ \klein anfangen (fam: seine Karriere ganz unten beginnen) to start at the bottom; (mit ganz wenig beginnen) to start off in a small way▶ \klein beigeben to give in [quietly]* * *1.das Kleid ist mir zu klein — the dress is too small for me
ein kleines Bier — a small beer; ≈ a half[-pint]
etwas klein hacken — chop something up [small]
Zwiebeln klein schneiden — chop up onions [small]
etwas klein machen — cut something up small; (ugs.): (aufbrauchen) get through or (sl.) blow something
auf kleinstem Raum — in the minimum of space
sie ist klein [von Gestalt/für ihr Alter] — she is small [in stature/for her age]
er ist [einen Kopf] kleiner als ich — he is [a head] shorter than me or shorter than I am [by a head]
im Kleinen — in miniature; on a small scale
klein, aber oho — he/she may be small, but he/she certainly makes up for it
klein, aber fein — little, but very nice
2) (jung) little <brother, sister>als ich [noch] klein war — when I was small or little
von klein auf — from an early age; s. auch Kleine I, 2, III
3) (von kurzer Dauer) little, short < while>; short <walk, break>; short, brief <delay, introduction>; brief < moment>4) (von geringer Menge) small <family, amount, audience, staff>; small, low < salary>; low < price>kleines Geld haben — have some [small] change
einen Schein klein machen — (ugs.): (wechseln) change a note
kann mir jemand ein Fünfzigeuroschein klein machen? — (ugs.) can anyone give me change for a fifty-euro note?
haben Sie es klein? — (ugs.) do you have the right money?
5) (von geringem Ausmaß) light < refreshment>; small < party, gift>; scant, little < attention>; slight <cold, indisposition>; slight, small <mistake, irregularity>; minor < event, error>das kleinere Übel — the lesser evil; the lesser of the two evils
ein klein[es] bisschen — a little or tiny bit
bis ins Kleinste — down to the smallest or tiniest detail
der kleine Mann — the ordinary citizen; the man in the street
die kleinen Leute — ordinary people; the man sing. in the street
klein anfangen — (ugs.) start off in a small way
7)ganz klein [und hässlich] werden — become meek and subdued
8)2.ein kleiner Geist — (engstirnig) a narrow-minded person; (beschränkt) a person of limited intellect
die Heizung klein/kleiner [ein]stellen — turn the heating down low/lower
klein gedruckt — in small print postpos.
klein kariert — <skirt, shirt, etc.> with a small check
klein machen — (Kinderspr.) do number one
klein geschrieben werden — (ugs.) count for [very] little ( bei with); (child lang.); s. auch beigeben 2.
* * *A. adj1. small (auch klein gewachsen); besonders attr und gefühlsbetont: little; (winzig) tiny; Finger, Zehe: little; Buchstabe: small;ein rundlicher kleiner Mann a chubby little man;sie ist von uns allen die Kleinste she is the smallest of us;als ich noch klein war when I was a little boy ( oder girl);er ist doch noch klein he’s only small ( oder a child); zu einem Kind: he’s much smaller than you, remember;von klein auf from an early age, since childhood, since I was etc a child;kleine Augen haben (müde aussehen) look tired;kleine Rolle small ( oder bit) part;kleiner Bauer/Geschäftsmann small farmer/businessman;seine kleinen Intrigen/Launen his little intrigues/moods;es ist ein kleiner Anfang it’s just a start;der kleine Mann the man in the street;kleine Leute ordinary people;aus kleinen Verhältnissen stammen come from a humble background;und er hat daran kein kleines Verdienst and it’s no small thanks to him3. (jünger) little, younger;mein kleiner Bruder my little ( oder younger) brother4. Pause, Unterbrechung etc: short, brief5. (gering) small;auf kleiner Flamme kochen cook on a low flame6.im Kleinen on a small scale, engS. in miniature;bis ins Kleinste down to the last detail7. MUS:es klein haben (Betrag) have the right change;klein, aber fein good things come in small packages;B. adv1. small;klein gedruckt in small print;klein gemustert with a small pattern, small-patterned;klein gehackt finely chopped;klein gewachsen small, short;klein hacken chop (up) fine;klein schneiden (Holz, Fleisch etc) cut up into small pieces;2. fig:klein anfangen start off small, start from small beginnings;klein beigeben give in;klein machen kinderspr do number one* * *1.1) little; small <format, letter>; little <finger, toe>; small, short < steps>ein kleines Bier — a small beer; ≈ a half[-pint]
etwas klein hacken — chop something up [small]
Zwiebeln klein schneiden — chop up onions [small]
etwas klein machen — cut something up small; (ugs.): (aufbrauchen) get through or (sl.) blow something
sie ist klein [von Gestalt/für ihr Alter] — she is small [in stature/for her age]
er ist [einen Kopf] kleiner als ich — he is [a head] shorter than me or shorter than I am [by a head]
im Kleinen — in miniature; on a small scale
klein, aber oho — he/she may be small, but he/she certainly makes up for it
klein, aber fein — little, but very nice
2) (jung) little <brother, sister>als ich [noch] klein war — when I was small or little
von klein auf — from an early age; s. auch Kleine I, 2, III
3) (von kurzer Dauer) little, short < while>; short <walk, break>; short, brief <delay, introduction>; brief < moment>4) (von geringer Menge) small <family, amount, audience, staff>; small, low < salary>; low < price>kleines Geld haben — have some [small] change
einen Schein klein machen — (ugs.): (wechseln) change a note
kann mir jemand ein Fünfzigeuroschein klein machen? — (ugs.) can anyone give me change for a fifty-euro note?
haben Sie es klein? — (ugs.) do you have the right money?
5) (von geringem Ausmaß) light < refreshment>; small <party, gift>; scant, little < attention>; slight <cold, indisposition>; slight, small <mistake, irregularity>; minor <event, error>das kleinere Übel — the lesser evil; the lesser of the two evils
ein klein[es] bisschen — a little or tiny bit
bis ins Kleinste — down to the smallest or tiniest detail
der kleine Mann — the ordinary citizen; the man in the street
die kleinen Leute — ordinary people; the man sing. in the street
klein anfangen — (ugs.) start off in a small way
7)ganz klein [und hässlich] werden — become meek and subdued
8)2.ein kleiner Geist — (engstirnig) a narrow-minded person; (beschränkt) a person of limited intellect
die Heizung klein/kleiner [ein]stellen — turn the heating down low/lower
klein gedruckt — in small print postpos.
klein kariert — <skirt, shirt, etc.> with a small check
klein machen — (Kinderspr.) do number one
klein geschrieben werden — (ugs.) count for [very] little ( bei with); (child lang.); s. auch beigeben 2.
* * *adj.little adj.lower adj.petite adj.petty adj.short adj.slight adj.small adj.small-sized adj.smallish adj.wee adj. -
11 Cobbett, William
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology[br]b. 9 March 1762 Farnham, Surrey, Englandd. 17 June 1835 Guildford, Surrey, England[br]English political writer and activist; writer on rural affairs, with a particular concern for the conditions of the agricultural worker; a keen experimental farmer who claimed responsibility for the import of Indian maize to Britain.[br]The son of a smallholder farmer and self-taught surveyor, William Cobbett was brought up to farm work from an early age. In 1783 he took employment as an attorney's clerk in London, but not finding this to his liking he travelled to Chatham with the intention of joining the Navy. A mistake in "taking the King's shilling" found him in an infantry regiment. After a year's training he was sent out to Nova Scotia and quickly gained the rank of sergeant major. On leaving the Army he brought corruption charges against three officers in his regiment, but did not press with the prosecution. England was not to his taste, and he returned to North America with his wife.In America Cobbett taught English to the growing French community displaced by the French Revolution. He found American criticism of Britain ill-balanced and in 1796 began to publish a daily newspaper under the title Porcupine's Gazetteer, in which he wrote editorials in defence of Britain. His writings won him little support from the Americans. However, on returning to London in 1800 he was offered, but turned down, the management of a Government newspaper. Instead he began to produce a daily paper called the Porcupine, which was superseded in 1802 by Cobbett's Political Register, this publication continued on a weekly basis until after his death. In 1803 he also began the Parliamentary Debates, which later merged into Hansard, the official report of parliamentary proceedings.In 1805 Cobbett took a house and 300-acre (120-hectare) farm in Hampshire, from which he continued to write, but at the same time followed the pursuits he most enjoyed. In 1809 his criticism of the punishment given to mutineers in the militia at Ely resulted in his own imprisonment. On his release in 1812 he decided that the only way to remain an independent publisher was to move back to the USA. He bought a farm at Hampstead, Long Island, New York, and published A Year's Residence in America, which contains, amongst other things, an interesting account of a farmer's year.Returning to Britain in the easier political climate of the 1820s, Cobbett bought a small seed farm in Kensington, then outside London. From there he made a number of journeys around the country, publishing accounts of them in his famous Rural Rides. His experiments and advice on the sowing and cultivation of crops, particularly turnips and swedes, and on forestry, were an important mechanism for the spread of ideas within the UK. He also claimed that he was the first to introduce the acacia and Indian maize to Britain. Much of his writing expresses a concern for the rural poor and he was firmly convinced that only parliamentary reform would achieve the changes needed. His political work and writing led to his election as Member of Parlaiment for Oldham in the 1835 election, which followed the Reform Act of 1832. However, by this time his energy was failing rapidly and he died peacefully at Normandy Farm, near Guildford, at the age of 73.[br]BibliographyCobbett's Observations on Priestley's Emigration, published in 1794, was the first of his pro-British tracts written in America. On the basis of his stay in that country he wrote A Year's Residence in America. His books on agricultural practice included Woodlands (1825) and Treatise on Cobbett's Corn (1828). Dealing with more social problems he wrote an English Grammar for the use of Apprentices, Plough Boys, Soldiers and Sailors in 1818, and Cottage Economy in 1821.Further ReadingAlbert Pell, 1902, article in Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England 63:1–26 (describes the life and writings of William Cobbett).James Sambrook, 1973, William Cobbett, London: Routledge (a more detailed study).AP -
12 publicanus
pūblĭcānus, a, um, adj. [publicus].I.Of or belonging to the public revenue, or to the farming of the revenue: muliercula, the wife of a farmer-general (with an odious secondary meaning), Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 34, § 78. —II.Subst.: pūblĭcānus, i, m.a.A farmer-general of the Roman revenues, usually from the equestrian order (freq. and class.;b.syn.: manceps, redemptor),
Cic. Planc. 9, 23; id. Rab. Post. 2, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 11, § 32; Liv. 43, 16; 25, 3; 39, 44:quod publicanus ejus publici nomine vi ademerit quodve familia publicanorum,
Dig. 39, 4, 1, prooem. sqq.; Just. 38, 7, 8.—In gen., a tax-gatherer, publican, Vulg. Luc. 18, 10. -
13 labriego
m.farm worker, farm labourer, peasant, farmer.* * *► nombre masculino,nombre femenino1 farm worker* * *labriego, -aSM / F farmhand, labourer, peasant* * *- ga masculino, femenino farmworker* * *= farm-hand, farm labourer, farm worker.Ex. The agricultural labourer receiving payment in kind was a married farm-hand with a one-year contract and whose wife had the duty to milk the cows morning and night.Ex. Despite these hardships, farm laborers enjoy their work since they like to be outdoors near plants and animals.Ex. In rural areas, too, great variations in wealth exist side by side, from affluent farmers and landowners on the one hand, to extremely low-paid farm workers on the other.* * *- ga masculino, femenino farmworker* * *= farm-hand, farm labourer, farm worker.Ex: The agricultural labourer receiving payment in kind was a married farm-hand with a one-year contract and whose wife had the duty to milk the cows morning and night.
Ex: Despite these hardships, farm laborers enjoy their work since they like to be outdoors near plants and animals.Ex: In rural areas, too, great variations in wealth exist side by side, from affluent farmers and landowners on the one hand, to extremely low-paid farm workers on the other.* * *labriego -gamasculine, femininefarmworker* * *
labriego◊ -ga sustantivo masculino, femenino
farmworker
' labriego' also found in these entries:
English:
labourer
* * *labriego, -a nm,ffarm worker* * *m, labriega f farm worker -
14 Evans, Oliver
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology[br]b. 13 September 1755 Newport, Delaware, USAd. 15 April 1819 New York, USA[br]American millwright and inventor of the first automatic corn mill.[br]He was the fifth child of Charles and Ann Stalcrop Evans, and by the age of 15 he had four sisters and seven brothers. Nothing is known of his schooling, but at the age of 17 he was apprenticed to a Newport wheelwright and wagon-maker. At 19 he was enrolled in a Delaware Militia Company in the Revolutionary War but did not see active service. About this time he invented a machine for bending and cutting off the wires in textile carding combs. In July 1782, with his younger brother, Joseph, he moved to Tuckahoe on the eastern shore of the Delaware River, where he had the basic idea of the automatic flour mill. In July 1782, with his elder brothers John and Theophilus, he bought part of his father's Newport farm, on Red Clay Creek, and planned to build a mill there. In 1793 he married Sarah Tomlinson, daughter of a Delaware farmer, and joined his brothers at Red Clay Creek. He worked there for some seven years on his automatic mill, from about 1783 to 1790.His system for the automatic flour mill consisted of bucket elevators to raise the grain, a horizontal screw conveyor, other conveying devices and a "hopper boy" to cool and dry the meal before gathering it into a hopper feeding the bolting cylinder. Together these components formed the automatic process, from incoming wheat to outgoing flour packed in barrels. At that time the idea of such automation had not been applied to any manufacturing process in America. The mill opened, on a non-automatic cycle, in 1785. In January 1786 Evans applied to the Delaware legislature for a twenty-five-year patent, which was granted on 30 January 1787 although there was much opposition from the Quaker millers of Wilmington and elsewhere. He also applied for patents in Pennsylvania, Maryland and New Hampshire. In May 1789 he went to see the mill of the four Ellicot brothers, near Baltimore, where he was impressed by the design of a horizontal screw conveyor by Jonathan Ellicot and exchanged the rights to his own elevator for those of this machine. After six years' work on his automatic mill, it was completed in 1790. In the autumn of that year a miller in Brandywine ordered a set of Evans's machinery, which set the trend toward its general adoption. A model of it was shown in the Market Street shop window of Robert Leslie, a watch-and clockmaker in Philadelphia, who also took it to England but was unsuccessful in selling the idea there.In 1790 the Federal Plant Laws were passed; Evans's patent was the third to come within the new legislation. A detailed description with a plate was published in a Philadelphia newspaper in January 1791, the first of a proposed series, but the paper closed and the series came to nothing. His brother Joseph went on a series of sales trips, with the result that some machinery of Evans's design was adopted. By 1792 over one hundred mills had been equipped with Evans's machinery, the millers paying a royalty of $40 for each pair of millstones in use. The series of articles that had been cut short formed the basis of Evans's The Young Millwright and Miller's Guide, published first in 1795 after Evans had moved to Philadelphia to set up a store selling milling supplies; it was 440 pages long and ran to fifteen editions between 1795 and 1860.Evans was fairly successful as a merchant. He patented a method of making millstones as well as a means of packing flour in barrels, the latter having a disc pressed down by a toggle-joint arrangement. In 1801 he started to build a steam carriage. He rejected the idea of a steam wheel and of a low-pressure or atmospheric engine. By 1803 his first engine was running at his store, driving a screw-mill working on plaster of Paris for making millstones. The engine had a 6 in. (15 cm) diameter cylinder with a stroke of 18 in. (45 cm) and also drove twelve saws mounted in a frame and cutting marble slabs at a rate of 100 ft (30 m) in twelve hours. He was granted a patent in the spring of 1804. He became involved in a number of lawsuits following the extension of his patent, particularly as he increased the licence fee, sometimes as much as sixfold. The case of Evans v. Samuel Robinson, which Evans won, became famous and was one of these. Patent Right Oppression Exposed, or Knavery Detected, a 200-page book with poems and prose included, was published soon after this case and was probably written by Oliver Evans. The steam engine patent was also extended for a further seven years, but in this case the licence fee was to remain at a fixed level. Evans anticipated Edison in his proposal for an "Experimental Company" or "Mechanical Bureau" with a capital of thirty shares of $100 each. It came to nothing, however, as there were no takers. His first wife, Sarah, died in 1816 and he remarried, to Hetty Ward, the daughter of a New York innkeeper. He was buried in the Bowery, on Lower Manhattan; the church was sold in 1854 and again in 1890, and when no relative claimed his body he was reburied in an unmarked grave in Trinity Cemetery, 57th Street, Broadway.[br]Further ReadingE.S.Ferguson, 1980, Oliver Evans: Inventive Genius of the American Industrial Revolution, Hagley Museum.G.Bathe and D.Bathe, 1935, Oliver Evans: Chronicle of Early American Engineering, Philadelphia, Pa.IMcN -
15 Harris, Alanson
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology[br]b. 1816 Ingersoll, Ontario, Canadad. 1894 Canada[br]Canadian manufacturer of agricultural machinery and co-founder of the Massey Harris Company (later Massey Ferguson).[br]Alanson Harris was the first often children born to the wife of a circuit rider and preacher. His father's wanderings left Alanson at an early age in charge of the running of the family farm on the Grand River in Canada; also, his father's preference was for tinkering with machines rather than for farming. However, when he was 13 Alanson had to go out to work in order to bring badly needed cash to augment the family income. He worked at a sawmill in the small village of Boston, becoming Boss Sawyer and then Foreman after ten years. In 1839 the family moved to Mount Pleasant, and the following year Alanson married Mary Morgan, the daughter of a well-to-do pioneer Welsh farmer. He entered into a brief partnership with his father to build a sawmill at Whiteman's Creek, but within a few months his father returned to preaching and Alanson became the sole proprietor. After a successful early period Alanson recognized the signs of decline in the timber market, and in 1857 he sold the mill, moved to Beamsville, Niagara, and bought a small factory from which he produced the flop-over hay rake invented by his father. In 1863 he took his eldest son into partnership; the latter returned from a visit to the United States with the sole rights to produce the Kirby mower and reaper. The Crimean War created a market for corn, which gave a great boost to North American farming and, in its turn, to machinery production. This was reinforced by the tariff agreements between the United States and Canada. By the 1880s Harris and Massey between them accounted for two thirds of the harvesting machines sold in Canada, and they also supplied machines abroad. By the end of the decade the mutual benefits of joining forces were apparent and by 1891 an agreement was reached, with Alanson Harris and A.H.Massey on the first board.[br]Further ReadingG.Quick and W.Buchele, 1978, The Grain Harvesters, American Society of Agricultural Engineers (refers to Harris and Massey Harris Company in its account of the development of harvest machinery).M.Denison, 1949, Harvest Triumphant: The Story of Massey Harris, London (gives a more detailed account of Massey Harris Company).AP -
16 McKay, Donald
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 4 September 1810 Shelburne, Nova Scotia, Canadad. 20 September 1880 Hamilton, Massachusetts, USA[br]American shipbuilder of Western Ocean packets and clippers.[br]Of Scottish stock, McKay was the son of a farmer and the grandson of a loyalist officer who had left the United States after the War of Independence. After some elementary shipwright training in Nova Scotia, McKay travelled to New York to apprentice to the great American shipbuilder Isaac Webb, then building some of the outstanding ships of the nineteenth century. At the age of 21 and a fully fledged journeyman, McKay again set out and worked in various shipyards before joining William Currier in 1841 to establish a yard in Newburyport, Massachusetts. He moved on again in 1843 to form another venture, the yard of McKay and Pickett in the same locality.In 1844 McKay came to know Enoch Train of Boston, then proprietor of a fleet of fast clipper ships on the US A-to-Liverpool run. He persuaded McKay to set out on his own and promised to support him with orders for ships. The partnership with Pickett was dissolved amicably and Donald McKay opened the yard in East Boston, from which some of the world's fastest ships were to be launched. McKay's natural ability as a shipwright had been enhanced by the study of mathematics and engineering drawing, something he had learned from his wife Albenia Boole, the daughter of another shipbuilder. He was not too proud to learn from other masters on the East Coast such as William H.Webb and John Willis Griffiths. The first ships from East Boston included the Washington Irvine of 1845 and the Anglo Saxon of 1846; they were well built and had especially comfortable emigrant accommodation. However, faster ships were to follow, almost all three-masted, fully rigged ships with very fine or "extreme" lines, including the Flying Cloud for the Californian gold rush of 1851, the four-masted barque Great Republic; then, c. 1854, the Lightning was ordered by James Baines of Liverpool for his Black Ball Line. The Lightning holds to this day the speed record for a square-rigged ship's daily run. As the years passed the shipbuilding scene changed, and while McKay's did build some iron ships for the US Navy, they became much less profitable and in 1875 the yard closed down, with McKay retiring to take up farming.[br]Further ReadingFrank C.Bowen, 1952, "Shipbuilders of other days, Donald McKay of Boston",Shipbuilding and Shipping Record (18 September).FMW -
17 decimanus
I.Prop.A.Of tithes, as a tax:2.ager,
that pays tithes, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 6; cf.:frumentum,
i. e. a tithe of the produce, id. ib. 2, 3, 5 fin. and 81: oleum, Lucil. ap. Non. 445, 19.—Subst.: dĕcŭmānus, i, m., a farmer of tithes, tithe-gatherer, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 13; 71; 2, 3, 8 et saep.: (perh. sarcastically) dĕcŭmāna, ae, f., the wife of a tithefarmer, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 33;B.for which decumana mulier,
id. ib. 34.—Of the tenth cohort: miles, Auct. B. Afr. 16, 2; and oftener absol. dĕcŭmāni, ōrum, m., id. ib. § 1; Auct. B. Hisp. 30 fin.; Tac. H. 5, 20; Suet. Caes. 70.—Esp.: porta decumana, the main entrance of a Roman camp, placed the farthest from the enemy (because the tenth cohort of each legion was there encamped), opposite the porta praetoria, Caes. B. G. 2, 24; 3, 25 fin.; 6, 37; id. B. C. 3, 69; Liv. 3, 5; 10, 32 fin. al.; cf. Veg. Mil. 1, 23; Smith's Ant. p. 222, a.—C.Decumanus limes, in agriculture, a boundary line drawn from east to west, opp. cardo (v. h. v.), Col. 12, 43, 2; Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 169; 18, 34, 77, § 337; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 71, 14; v. Wordswörth, Fragm. p. 446.—II.Meton., considerable, large, immense (cf.: decimus, decem, decies, etc.): accipensere, Lucil. ap. Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 24: DECUMANA ova' dicuntur et DECUMANI fluctus, quia sunt magna, Paul. ex Fest. p. 71, 5; cf. ib. 4, 7 Müll. -
18 decumana
I.Prop.A.Of tithes, as a tax:2.ager,
that pays tithes, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 6; cf.:frumentum,
i. e. a tithe of the produce, id. ib. 2, 3, 5 fin. and 81: oleum, Lucil. ap. Non. 445, 19.—Subst.: dĕcŭmānus, i, m., a farmer of tithes, tithe-gatherer, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 13; 71; 2, 3, 8 et saep.: (perh. sarcastically) dĕcŭmāna, ae, f., the wife of a tithefarmer, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 33;B.for which decumana mulier,
id. ib. 34.—Of the tenth cohort: miles, Auct. B. Afr. 16, 2; and oftener absol. dĕcŭmāni, ōrum, m., id. ib. § 1; Auct. B. Hisp. 30 fin.; Tac. H. 5, 20; Suet. Caes. 70.—Esp.: porta decumana, the main entrance of a Roman camp, placed the farthest from the enemy (because the tenth cohort of each legion was there encamped), opposite the porta praetoria, Caes. B. G. 2, 24; 3, 25 fin.; 6, 37; id. B. C. 3, 69; Liv. 3, 5; 10, 32 fin. al.; cf. Veg. Mil. 1, 23; Smith's Ant. p. 222, a.—C.Decumanus limes, in agriculture, a boundary line drawn from east to west, opp. cardo (v. h. v.), Col. 12, 43, 2; Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 169; 18, 34, 77, § 337; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 71, 14; v. Wordswörth, Fragm. p. 446.—II.Meton., considerable, large, immense (cf.: decimus, decem, decies, etc.): accipensere, Lucil. ap. Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 24: DECUMANA ova' dicuntur et DECUMANI fluctus, quia sunt magna, Paul. ex Fest. p. 71, 5; cf. ib. 4, 7 Müll. -
19 decumani
I.Prop.A.Of tithes, as a tax:2.ager,
that pays tithes, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 6; cf.:frumentum,
i. e. a tithe of the produce, id. ib. 2, 3, 5 fin. and 81: oleum, Lucil. ap. Non. 445, 19.—Subst.: dĕcŭmānus, i, m., a farmer of tithes, tithe-gatherer, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 13; 71; 2, 3, 8 et saep.: (perh. sarcastically) dĕcŭmāna, ae, f., the wife of a tithefarmer, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 33;B.for which decumana mulier,
id. ib. 34.—Of the tenth cohort: miles, Auct. B. Afr. 16, 2; and oftener absol. dĕcŭmāni, ōrum, m., id. ib. § 1; Auct. B. Hisp. 30 fin.; Tac. H. 5, 20; Suet. Caes. 70.—Esp.: porta decumana, the main entrance of a Roman camp, placed the farthest from the enemy (because the tenth cohort of each legion was there encamped), opposite the porta praetoria, Caes. B. G. 2, 24; 3, 25 fin.; 6, 37; id. B. C. 3, 69; Liv. 3, 5; 10, 32 fin. al.; cf. Veg. Mil. 1, 23; Smith's Ant. p. 222, a.—C.Decumanus limes, in agriculture, a boundary line drawn from east to west, opp. cardo (v. h. v.), Col. 12, 43, 2; Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 169; 18, 34, 77, § 337; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 71, 14; v. Wordswörth, Fragm. p. 446.—II.Meton., considerable, large, immense (cf.: decimus, decem, decies, etc.): accipensere, Lucil. ap. Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 24: DECUMANA ova' dicuntur et DECUMANI fluctus, quia sunt magna, Paul. ex Fest. p. 71, 5; cf. ib. 4, 7 Müll. -
20 забрасывать вопросами
разг.heap questions upon smb.; ply (bombard) smb. with questions; fire questions at smb.На предпоследнем полустанке он встретил знакомого колхозника из соседней деревни. Узнав, что сосед недавно видел на базаре жену и дочек, Василий забросал его вопросами. (Г. Николаева, Жатва) — At the last wayside stop he met an acquaintance - a collective farmer from a neighbouring village. Upon hearing that the latter had recently seen his wife and daughters at the market, Vasili began bombarding him with questions.
Русско-английский фразеологический словарь > забрасывать вопросами
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