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that+which+is+good

61 فائدة

فَائِدَة \ advantage: sth. useful and likely to bring success: Long legs are an advantage to a runner. It will be to his advantage if he studies hard. benefit: good effect; help: The money was given for the benefit of the poor.. good: that which is right: You must choose between good and evil. Too much freedom does more harm than good, use; value What’s the good of that? Rules are made for your own good. goodness: good qualities: There’s a lot of goodness in cheese. interest: money paid regularly (by a bank, a government, a company, a person, etc.) for the use of money that has been lent: I receive 6% yearly interest on my shares in the company. point: purpose; use: There’s no point in waiting any longer. use: value: What’s the use of getting angry? It’s no use waiting for him (It would be a waste of time), the purpose for which sth. is made; the work that sth. is able to do Knives have many uses; for cutting food; for sharpening pencils, etc.; How many uses can you think of for a brick?. \ See Also مِيزَة

Arabic-English dictionary > فائدة
62 advantage

فَائِدَة \ advantage: sth. useful and likely to bring success: Long legs are an advantage to a runner. It will be to his advantage if he studies hard. benefit: good effect; help: The money was given for the benefit of the poor.. good: that which is right: You must choose between good and evil. Too much freedom does more harm than good, use; value What’s the good of that? Rules are made for your own good. goodness: good qualities: There’s a lot of goodness in cheese. interest: money paid regularly (by a bank, a government, a company, a person, etc.) for the use of money that has been lent: I receive 6% yearly interest on my shares in the company. point: purpose; use: There’s no point in waiting any longer. use: value: What’s the use of getting angry? It’s no use waiting for him (It would be a waste of time), the purpose for which sth. is made; the work that sth. is able to do Knives have many uses; for cutting food; for sharpening pencils, etc.; How many uses can you think of for a brick?. \ See Also مِيزَة

Arabic-English glossary > advantage
63 benefit

فَائِدَة \ advantage: sth. useful and likely to bring success: Long legs are an advantage to a runner. It will be to his advantage if he studies hard. benefit: good effect; help: The money was given for the benefit of the poor.. good: that which is right: You must choose between good and evil. Too much freedom does more harm than good, use; value What’s the good of that? Rules are made for your own good. goodness: good qualities: There’s a lot of goodness in cheese. interest: money paid regularly (by a bank, a government, a company, a person, etc.) for the use of money that has been lent: I receive 6% yearly interest on my shares in the company. point: purpose; use: There’s no point in waiting any longer. use: value: What’s the use of getting angry? It’s no use waiting for him (It would be a waste of time), the purpose for which sth. is made; the work that sth. is able to do Knives have many uses; for cutting food; for sharpening pencils, etc.; How many uses can you think of for a brick?. \ See Also مِيزَة

Arabic-English glossary > benefit
64 goodness

فَائِدَة \ advantage: sth. useful and likely to bring success: Long legs are an advantage to a runner. It will be to his advantage if he studies hard. benefit: good effect; help: The money was given for the benefit of the poor.. good: that which is right: You must choose between good and evil. Too much freedom does more harm than good, use; value What’s the good of that? Rules are made for your own good. goodness: good qualities: There’s a lot of goodness in cheese. interest: money paid regularly (by a bank, a government, a company, a person, etc.) for the use of money that has been lent: I receive 6% yearly interest on my shares in the company. point: purpose; use: There’s no point in waiting any longer. use: value: What’s the use of getting angry? It’s no use waiting for him (It would be a waste of time), the purpose for which sth. is made; the work that sth. is able to do Knives have many uses; for cutting food; for sharpening pencils, etc.; How many uses can you think of for a brick?. \ See Also مِيزَة

Arabic-English glossary > goodness
65 interest

فَائِدَة \ advantage: sth. useful and likely to bring success: Long legs are an advantage to a runner. It will be to his advantage if he studies hard. benefit: good effect; help: The money was given for the benefit of the poor.. good: that which is right: You must choose between good and evil. Too much freedom does more harm than good, use; value What’s the good of that? Rules are made for your own good. goodness: good qualities: There’s a lot of goodness in cheese. interest: money paid regularly (by a bank, a government, a company, a person, etc.) for the use of money that has been lent: I receive 6% yearly interest on my shares in the company. point: purpose; use: There’s no point in waiting any longer. use: value: What’s the use of getting angry? It’s no use waiting for him (It would be a waste of time), the purpose for which sth. is made; the work that sth. is able to do Knives have many uses; for cutting food; for sharpening pencils, etc.; How many uses can you think of for a brick?. \ See Also مِيزَة

Arabic-English glossary > interest
66 point

فَائِدَة \ advantage: sth. useful and likely to bring success: Long legs are an advantage to a runner. It will be to his advantage if he studies hard. benefit: good effect; help: The money was given for the benefit of the poor.. good: that which is right: You must choose between good and evil. Too much freedom does more harm than good, use; value What’s the good of that? Rules are made for your own good. goodness: good qualities: There’s a lot of goodness in cheese. interest: money paid regularly (by a bank, a government, a company, a person, etc.) for the use of money that has been lent: I receive 6% yearly interest on my shares in the company. point: purpose; use: There’s no point in waiting any longer. use: value: What’s the use of getting angry? It’s no use waiting for him (It would be a waste of time), the purpose for which sth. is made; the work that sth. is able to do Knives have many uses; for cutting food; for sharpening pencils, etc.; How many uses can you think of for a brick?. \ See Also مِيزَة

Arabic-English glossary > point
67 use

فَائِدَة \ advantage: sth. useful and likely to bring success: Long legs are an advantage to a runner. It will be to his advantage if he studies hard. benefit: good effect; help: The money was given for the benefit of the poor.. good: that which is right: You must choose between good and evil. Too much freedom does more harm than good, use; value What’s the good of that? Rules are made for your own good. goodness: good qualities: There’s a lot of goodness in cheese. interest: money paid regularly (by a bank, a government, a company, a person, etc.) for the use of money that has been lent: I receive 6% yearly interest on my shares in the company. point: purpose; use: There’s no point in waiting any longer. use: value: What’s the use of getting angry? It’s no use waiting for him (It would be a waste of time), the purpose for which sth. is made; the work that sth. is able to do Knives have many uses; for cutting food; for sharpening pencils, etc.; How many uses can you think of for a brick?. \ See Also مِيزَة

Arabic-English glossary > use
68 нет худа без добра

1) General subject: a blessing in disguise, blessing in disguise, ill wind ((полный вариант звучит как it's an ill wind that blows good to nobody - дословно "плох тот ветер, что не принесет хоть кому-то хорошее"), it is a mixed blessing

2) Set phrase: bad luck often brings good luck, every cloud has a silver lining (something good and useful may turn out to be the result of a bad happening), every cloud has its silver lining (something good and useful may turn out to be the result of a bad happening), every dark cloud has a silver lining (дословно: Всякое тёмное облако серебром оторочено), every white has its black, and every sweet its sour, it is an ill wind that blows nobody good (дословно: Плох тот ветер, который никому добра не приносит), it's an ill wind that blows any good, it's an ill wind that blows nobody good, it's an ill wind that turns none to good, no great loss without some small gain, no great loss without some small gain (дословно: Не бывает большой потери без хотя бы малой выгоды), nothing so bad as not to be good for something, nothing so bad in which there is not something of good, nothing so bad, as not to be good for something (дословно: Нет ничего настолько плохого, что бы для чего-нибудь не было полезным), the darkest hour is near the dawn, it's an ill wind that blows nobody any good

3) Current usage: every cloud has silver lining

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > нет худа без добра
69 der

I best. Art.

1. m; (Nom. Sg.) the; der eine ist fleißig, der andere faul (the) one is hard-working, the other one is lazy; der Tod death; der Mensch (alle Menschen) man(kind), humankind; der große Goethe the famous Goethe; der arme Peter poor Peter; der Peter, den ich kenne the Peter (who oder that) I know; der Hyde Park Hyde Park

2. (Gen Sg. von die) of the; die Mauern der Stadt auch the city walls

3. (Dat Sg. von die) to the; den Schlüssel habe ich der Nachbarin gegeben I gave the key to the neighbo(u)r

4. (Gen Pl. von der, die, das) of the; die Ankunft der Kinder auch the children’s arrival

II Dem. Pron.

1. m; (Nom. Sg.) that (one), this (one); (er) he, it; der Mann hier this man; der mit dem Bart the one with the beard; nur der kann das verstehen, der... only he ( oder that man) who... can understand it; der und baden gehen? you won’t catch him going swimming; der und ehrlich? Dass ich nicht lache! him? honest? Pull the other one! ( oder Give me a break!)

2. (Dat Sg. von die) zu der und der Zeit umg. at such and such a time

III Rel. Pron.

1. m; (Nom. Sg.) bei Personen: who, that; bei Sachen: which, that; der Bezirk, der einen Teil von X bildet the district forming part of X; der erste Stein, der geworfen wurde the first stone that was thrown; er war der Erste, der es erfuhr he was the first to know; jeder, der... anyone who...; ich, der ich selbst dabei war I, who was there myself

2. (Dat Sg. von die) bei Personen: who(m), who... to, to whom förm.; bei Sachen: that, which; die Freundin, der ich meine Sorgen erzählte the friend (whom) I told about my problems ( oder to whom I told my problems)

* * *

which one (Pron.); that (Pron.); which (Pron.); who (Pron.); the ( Artikel)

* * *
I [deːɐ]
1. def art

1) gen sing, pl von die of the

das Miauen dér Katze — the miaowing of the cat, the cat's miaowing

2) dat sing von die to the; (mit Präposition) the

2. dem pron dat sing von die

1) (adjektivisch) to that; (mit Präpositionen) that

2) (substantivisch) to her; her

3. rel pron dat sing
to whom, that or who(m)... to; (mit Präposition) who(m); (von Sachen) to which, which... to; which II [deːɐ] pl die
1. def art gen des, der, des, pl der dat dem, der, dem, pl den acc den, die, das, pl die
the
dér/die Arme! — the poor man/woman or girl

die Toten — the dead pl

die Engländer — the English pl

dér Engländer (dated inf: = die Engländer) — the Englishman

dér Faust — Faust

dér Hans (inf) — Hans

dér kleine Hans — little Hans

dér Rhein — the Rhine

dér Michigansee — Lake Michigan

die Domstraße — Cathedral Street

die "Bismarck" — the "Bismarck"

dér Lehrer/die Frau (im Allgemeinen) — teachers pl/women pl

dér Tod/die Liebe/das Leben — death/love/life

dér Tod des Sokrates — the death of Socrates

das Viktorianische England — Victorian England

in dem England, das ich kannte — in the England (that or which) I knew

er liebt den Jazz/die Oper/das Kino — he likes jazz/(the) opera/the cinema

das Singen macht ihm Freude — singing gives him pleasure

das Singen meines Opas — my grandpa's singing

mir fiel das Atmen schwer — I found breathing difficult

das Herstellen von Waffen ist... — manufacturing weapons is..., the manufacturing of weapons is...

die Callas — Callas

dér spätere Wittgenstein — the later Wittgenstein

er war nicht mehr dér Hans, dér... — he was no longer the Hans who...

er hat sich den Fuß verletzt — he has hurt his foot

mal das Gesicht! — wash your faces

er nimmt den Hut ab — he takes his hat off

ein Euro das Stück — one euro apiece or each

20 Euro die Stunde — 20 euros an or per hour

dér und dér Wissenschaftler — such and such a scientist

2. dem pron gen dessen or (old) des, deren, dessen,
pl deren dat dem, der, dem, pl denen acc den, die, das, pl die
1) (attr) (= jener, dieser) that; (pl) those, them (inf)

zu dér und dér Zeit — at such and such a time

an dem und dem Ort — at such and such a place

2) (substantivisch) he/she/it; (pl) those, them (inf)

dér/die war es — it was him/her

dér/die mit dér großen Nase — the one or him/her (inf) with the big nose

mit den roten Haaren — those or them (inf) with red hair

deine Schwester, die war nicht da (inf) — your sister, she wasn't there

dér und schwimmen? — him, swimming?, swimming, (what) him?

dér/die hier (von Menschen) — he/she, this man/woman etc; (von Gegenständen) this (one); (von mehreren) this one

dér/die da (von Menschen) — he/she, that man/woman etc; (von Gegenständen) that (one); (von mehreren) that one

die hier/da pl — they, these/those men/women etc, these/those, them (inf)

dér, den ich meine — the one I mean

dér und dér/die und die — so-and-so

das und das — such and such

3. rel pron decl as dem pron
(Mensch) who, that; (Gegenstand, Tier) which, that
4. rel + dem pron decl as dem pron

dér/die dafür verantwortlich war,... — the man/woman who was responsible for it

die so etwas tun,... — those or people who do that sort of thing...

* * *

der¹

[de:ɐ̯]

I. art def, nom sing m

1. (allgemein) the

\der Hund/Mann/Tisch the dog/man/table

\der Mai [the month of] May

\der Angeber! that show-off!

2. (bei Körperteilen)

mir tut \der Hals weh my throat hurts

3. (bei Abstrakta)

\der Hunger/Irrsinn/Tod hunger/madness/death

\der Tod des Ikaros the death of Icarus

4. (bei allgemeinen Stoffen)

\der Stahl wird auch mit anderen Elementen legiert steel is also alloyed with other elements; (bei spezifischen Stoffen) the

\der Sauerstoff in der Luft the oxygen in the air

5. (einmalig)

\der Mann des Tages the man of the moment

das ist \der Augenblick, auf den wir gewartet haben that's [just] the moment we've been waiting for

6. (bei Eigennamen)

\der Irak/Iran Iraq/Iran

\der Sudan The Sudan

\der Kongo vor der Kolonialzeit pre-colonial Congo

\der kleine Peter little Peter

\der spätere Dickens the later Dickens

er war nicht mehr \der Uli, der... he was no longer the Uli who...

7. (fam: vor Personennamen)

das ist \der Klaus that's Klaus

\der Papa sagt,... [my] dad says...

8. (verallgemeinernd)

\der Mensch heute man today

\der Franzose isst gern gut the French like to eat well

9. (nach Angaben)

5 Euro \der Liter €5 a [or per] litre

10. (vor Angaben)

\der 14. August 2003 14[th] August 2003, August 14[th], 2003; (gesprochen) the fourteenth of August 2003

Heinrich \der Achte Henry the Eighth

11. (vor Substantiviertem)

\der Kleine the little boy/one

\der Älteste the oldest [one]

II. pron dem, nom sing m

1. attr, betont

\der Mann war es! it was that man!

\der Hut gefällt mir am besten I like that/this hat [or that/this hat I like] the most

\der Stift da that pen [there]

\der Stift hier this pen [here]

\der und \der Experte such and such an expert

2. (hinweisend)

\der war es! it was him!

\der hat es getan! it was him that [or who] did it!

\der sagte mir,... he told me...

welcher Stift? \der da? oder \der hier? which pen? that one [there]? or this one [here]?

wer ist denn \der? (fam) who on earth is he [or that]?

\der und joggen? him, jogging?

\der und \der such and such

3. (unterscheidend)

\der mit der Brille the one [or fam him] with the glasses

welcher Ball? — \der mit den Punkten which ball? — the/this/that one with the spots

ach \der! (pej) oh him!

4. (wiederholend)

der Chef? \der ist nicht da the boss? he's not there

dein Vater, \der ist nicht gekommen your father, he didn't come

mein Schuh! \der ist weg! my shoe! it's gone!

der Scheißkerl, \der! the bastard!

der Grund ist \der, dass... the reason is that [or because]...

\der, den ich meinte the one I meant

5. (fam: ersetzt Pronomen)

wo ist dein Bruder? — \der ist oben where's your brother? — he's upstairs

das ist ein neuer Drucker! warum druckt \der nicht? that's a new printer! why isn't it working?

beißt \der? does it/he/she bite?

III. pron rel, nom sing m

1. that; (Person a.) who/whom form; (Gegenstand, Tier a.) which

ich hörte/sah einen Wagen, \der um die Ecke fuhr I heard/saw a car driving around the corner

ein Film, \der gut ankommt a much-acclaimed film

ein Roman, \der von Millionen gelesen wurde a novel [that has been] read by millions

der König, \der vierzig Jahre herrschte,... (einschränkend) the king who [or that] reigned for forty years...; (nicht einschränkend) the king, who reigned for forty years,...

der Mantel, \der zum Trocknen aufgehängt war,... (einschränkend) the coat that [or which] was hung up to dry...; (nicht einschränkend) the coat, which was hung up to dry,...

der Mörder, \der von der Polizei gesucht wird,... (einschränkend) the murderer [who [or that]] the police are searching for..., the murderer for whom the police are searching... form; (nicht einschränkend) the murderer, who the police are searching for,..., the murderer, for whom the police are searching,... form

der Fall, \der von den Ermittlern untersucht werden soll,... (einschränkend) the case [that [or which]] the investigators have to look into..., the case into which the investigators have to look... form; (nicht einschränkend) the case, which the investigators have to look into,..., the case, into which the investigators have to look,... form

2. (derjenige)

\der mir jetzt hilft, wird belohnt anyone helping [or form he who helps] me now will be rewarded

\der diesen Brief geschrieben hat, kann gut Deutsch the person/man who wrote this letter knows good German

\der zu so etwas fähig ist,... people who are capable of such things...; s.a. das, die

der²

[ˈde:ɐ̯]

art def, gen sing f

1. (allgemein)

der Hund \der alten Frau the old woman's dog

die Hitze \der Sonne the heat of the sun, the sun's heat

das Schnurren \der fetten Katze the fat cat's purring, the purring of the fat cat

die Lösung \der Formel hier the solution to this formula, this formula's solution

der Einspruch \der Frau da that woman's objection, the objection from that woman

2. (bei Körperteilen)

die Farbe \der Zunge deutete auf seine Krankheit the colour of his tongue indicated his illness

3. (bei Abstrakta)

ein Opfer \der Liebe a victim of love

ein Zeichen \der Hoffnung a sign of hope

4. (bei allgemeinen Stoffen)

das Kämmen \der Wolle the combing of wool

5. (bei Eigennamen)

die Berge \der Schweiz the mountains of Switzerland

die Puppe \der kleinen Sabine little Sabine's doll

6. (fam: vor Personennamen)

ich ruf an wegen \der Anna I'm calling to talk to you about Anna

7. (bei Berühmtheiten)

die Arien \der Callas Callas' arias

8. (form: vor Namen)

ein Antrag \der Ute Kley a petition from Ute Kley

9. (verallgemeinernd)

die Rolle \der Frau in Management women's role [or the role of women] in management

die Trinkfestigkeit \der Engländerin the ability of the Englishwoman to hold her drink

10. (geh: nach Angaben)

10 Meter \der kostbarsten Seide 10 metres of the most precious silk

11. (vor Substantiviertem)

das Spielzeug \der Kleinen the little one's [or girl's] toys

die Weisheit \der Ältesten the wisdom of the eldest [woman]; s.a. das, die

der³

I. art def, dat sing f

1. siehe auch vb (allgemein)

sie redeten mit/von \der Nachbarin they were talking with/about the neighbour

ich klopfte an \der Tür I knocked at the door

das Bild hängt an \der Wand the picture is hanging on the wall

sie folgte \der Frau/Menge she followed the woman/crowd

er gab \der Großmutter den Brief he gave his grandmother the letter, he gave the letter to his grandmother

es gehört \der Frau da it belongs to that woman

es entspricht \der Textstelle hier it corresponds to this passage in the text

2. (bei Körperteilen)

er schlug den Tisch mit \der Faust he thumped the table with his fist

3. (bei Abstrakta)

er widmete \der Liebe ein Gedicht he dedicated a poem to love

mit \der Hoffnung eines Verzweifelten with the hope of a desperate man

4. (bei allgemeinen Stoffen)

\der Bronze wird auch Phosphor beigemischt phosphorus is also added to bronze; (bei spezifischen Stoffen)

mit \der Wolle dieses Schafs with the wool from this sheep, with this sheep's wool

5. (bei Eigennamen)

wir segelten mit \der ‚Nordwind‘ we sailed on the [yacht] ‘Nordwind’

in \der Schweiz [der Zwischenkriegsjahre] in [interwar] Switzerland

\der kleinen Jenny geht's nicht gut little Jenny isn't feeling well

6. (fam: vor Personennamen)

sie ist bei \der Kati she's at Kati's place

7. (bei Berühmtheiten)

er hat \der Callas mal die Hand geküsst he once kissed Callas' hand

8. (verallgemeinernd)

von \der Frau in der Industrie of women in industry

als das Pferd \der Maschine wich when the horse gave way to the engine

9. (nach Angaben)

mit 20 Flaschen \der Kiste with 20 bottles a [or per] crate

10. (vor Substantiviertem)

gib \der Kleinen einen Kuss give the little one a kiss

wir gingen zu \der Ältesten we went to the elder

II. pron dem, dat sing f

1. attr, betont

\der Pflanze muss man Dünger geben that plant must be given fertilizer

\der Frau hast du es erzählt? you told it to that woman?

zu \der und \der Zeit at such and such a time

2. (fam: ersetzt Pronomen)

glaub \der bloß nicht! don't believe her [of all people]!

III. pron rel, dat sing f, siehe auch vb

meine Kollegin, \der die Aufgabe zugeteilt wurde,... (einschränkend) my colleague who [or that] was assigned the task...; (nicht einschränkend) my colleague, who was assigned the task,...

die Lösung, \der der Alkohol entzogen war,... (einschränkend) the solution that [or which] had its alcohol extracted...; (nicht einschränkend) the solution, which had its alcohol extracted,...

die Abgeordnete, \der ich oft schrieb,... (einschränkend) the MP [who [or that]] I often wrote to..., the MP to whom I often wrote... form; (nicht einschränkend) the MP, who I often wrote to,..., the MP, to whom I often wrote,... form

die Grippe, unter \der sie leiden,... (einschränkend) the flu [that [or which]] they're suffering from..., the flu from which they're suffering... form; (nicht einschränkend) the flu, which they're suffering from,..., the flu, from which they're suffering,... form; s.a. das, die

der⁴

art def, gen pl

1. siehe auch n (allgemein)

die Anstrengungen \der Schüler the pupils' efforts, the efforts of the pupils

die Zeichnungen \der beiden Schwestern the two sisters' drawings, the drawings by the two sisters

das Gezwitscher \der Vögel the twittering of the birds

das Gewicht \der Platten the weight of the slabs

die Wohnung \der Eltern my/his/her etc. parents' flat

die Lösungen \der Formeln hier the solutions to these formulae

der Einspruch \der Frauen da those women's objection, the objection from those women

2. (bei Körperteilen)

die Farbe \der Haare gefiel ihr nicht she didn't like the colour of her hair

3. (bei Eigennamen)

die Sprachen \der Niederlande the languages of [or spoken in] the Netherlands

das Haus \der Müllers the Millers' house

4. (form: vor Namen)

ein Antrag \der Heinz und Ute Kley a petition from Heinz and Ute Kley

5. (verallgemeinernd)

die Rolle \der Pflanzen in der Medizin the role of plants in medicine

6. (geh: nach Angaben)

10 Kisten \der feinsten Äpfel 10 crates of the finest apples

7. (vor Substantiviertem)

das Spielzeug \der Kleinen the little ones' toys

die Weisheit \der Ältesten the wisdom of the elders; s.a. das, die

* * *
I 1.
bestimmter Artikel Nom. the

der Kleine — the little boy

der Tod — death

der April/Winter — April/winter

der ‘Faust’ — ‘Faust’

der Dieter — (ugs.) Dieter

der Kapitalismus/Islam — capitalism/Islam

der Bodensee/Mount Everest — Lake Constance/Mount Everest

der 1ran — 1ran
2.
Demonstrativpronomen

1) attr. that

der Mann war es — it was 'that man

2) allein stehend he

der war es — it was 'him

der und arbeiten! — (ugs.) [what,] him work! (coll.)

der [da] — (Mann) that man; (Gegenstand, Tier) that one

der [hier] — (Mann) this man; (Gegenstand, Tier) this one
3.
Relativpronomen (Mensch) who/that; (Sache) which/that

der Mann, der da drüben entlanggeht — the man walking along over there
4.
Relativ- und Demonstrativpronomen the one who
II 1.
bestimmter Artikel

1) Gen. Sg. v. die I 1.

der Hut der Frau — the woman's hat

der Henkel der Tasse — the handle of the cup

2) Dat. Sg. v. die I 1.: to the; (nach Präp.) the

in der Türkei — in Turkey

3) Gen. Pl. v. der I 1., die I 1., das 1.

das Haus der Freunde — our/their etc. friends' house

das Bellen der Hunde — the barking of the dogs
2.
Demonstrativpronomen

1) Gen. Sg. v. die I 2. 1): of the; of that

2) Dat. Sg. v. die I 2. attr

der Frau [da/hier] gehört es — it belongs to that woman there/this woman here; allein stehend

gib es der da! — (ugs.) give it to 'her

3) Gen. Pl. v. der I 2. 1), die I 2. 1), das 2. 1): of those
3.
Relativpronomen; Dat. Sg. v. die I 3. (Person) whom

die Frau, der ich es gegeben habe — the woman to whom 1 gave it; the woman 1 gave it to; (Sache) that/which

die Katze, der er einen Tritt gab — the cat [that] he kicked

* * *

der

A. best art

1. m; (nom sg) the;

der eine ist fleißig, der andere faul (the) one is hard-working, the other one is lazy;

der Tod death;

der Mensch (alle Menschen) man(kind), humankind;

der große Goethe the famous Goethe;

der arme Peter poor Peter;

der Peter, den ich kenne the Peter (who oder that) I know;

der Hyde Park Hyde Park

2. (gen sg von die) of the;

die Mauern der Stadt auch the city walls

3. (dat sg von die) to the;

den Schlüssel habe ich der Nachbarin gegeben I gave the key to the neighbo(u)r

4. (gen pl von der, die, das) of the;

die Ankunft der Kinder auch the children’s arrival

B. dem pr

1. m; (nom sg) that (one), this (one); (er) he, it;

der Mann hier this man;

der mit dem Bart the one with the beard;

nur der kann das verstehen, der … only he ( oder that man) who … can understand it;

der und baden gehen? you won’t catch him going swimming;

der und ehrlich? Dass ich nicht lache! him? honest? Pull the other one! ( oder Give me a break!)

2. (dat sg von die)

zu der und der Zeit umg at such and such a time

C. rel pr

1. m; (nom sg) bei Personen: who, that; bei Sachen: which, that;

der Bezirk, der einen Teil von X bildet the district forming part of X;

der erste Stein, der geworfen wurde the first stone that was thrown;

er war der Erste, der es erfuhr he was the first to know;

jeder, der … anyone who …;

ich, der ich selbst dabei war I, who was there myself

2. (dat sg von die) bei Personen: who(m), who … to, to whom form; bei Sachen: that, which;

die Freundin, der ich meine Sorgen erzählte the friend (whom) I told about my problems ( oder to whom I told my problems)

* * *
I 1.
bestimmter Artikel Nom. the

der Kleine — the little boy

der Tod — death

der April/Winter — April/winter

der ‘Faust’ — ‘Faust’

der Dieter — (ugs.) Dieter

der Kapitalismus/Islam — capitalism/Islam

der Bodensee/Mount Everest — Lake Constance/Mount Everest

der 1ran — 1ran
2.
Demonstrativpronomen

1) attr. that

der Mann war es — it was 'that man

2) allein stehend he

der war es — it was 'him

der und arbeiten! — (ugs.) [what,] him work! (coll.)

der [da] — (Mann) that man; (Gegenstand, Tier) that one

der [hier] — (Mann) this man; (Gegenstand, Tier) this one
3.
Relativpronomen (Mensch) who/that; (Sache) which/that

der Mann, der da drüben entlanggeht — the man walking along over there
4.
Relativ- und Demonstrativpronomen the one who
II 1.
bestimmter Artikel

1) Gen. Sg. v. die I 1.

der Hut der Frau — the woman's hat

der Henkel der Tasse — the handle of the cup

2) Dat. Sg. v. die I 1.: to the; (nach Präp.) the

in der Türkei — in Turkey

3) Gen. Pl. v. der I 1., die I 1., das 1.

das Haus der Freunde — our/their etc. friends' house

das Bellen der Hunde — the barking of the dogs
2.
Demonstrativpronomen

1) Gen. Sg. v. die I 2. 1): of the; of that

2) Dat. Sg. v. die I 2. attr

der Frau [da/hier] gehört es — it belongs to that woman there/this woman here; allein stehend

gib es der da! — (ugs.) give it to 'her

3) Gen. Pl. v. der I 2. 1), die I 2. 1), das 2. 1): of those
3.
Relativpronomen; Dat. Sg. v. die I 3. (Person) whom

die Frau, der ich es gegeben habe — the woman to whom 1 gave it; the woman 1 gave it to; (Sache) that/which

die Katze, der er einen Tritt gab — the cat [that] he kicked

* * *

(neueste) Stand der Technik m.

the state of the art n. art.m.

the art. pron.

which pron.

who pron.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > der
70 कर्मन् _karman

कर्मन् -m. Viśvakarmā; शक्रस्य नु सभा दिव्या भास्वरा कर्मनिर्मिता Mb.2.7.1. -n. [कृ-मनिन् Uṇ.4.144]

1 Action, work, deed.

-2 Execution, performance; प्रीतो$स्मि सो$हं यद् भुक्तं वनं तैः कृतकर्मभिः Rām.5.63.3.

-3 Business, office, duty; संप्रति विषवैद्यानां कर्म M.4.

-4 A religious rite (it may be either नित्य, नैमित्तिक or काम्य).

-5 A specific action, moral duty.

-6 (a) Performance of religious rites as opposed to speculative religion or knowledge of Brahman (opp. ज्ञान); अपरो दहृने स्वकर्मणां ववृते R.8.2. (b) Labour, work.

-7 Product, result.

-8 A natural or active property (as support of the earth).

-9 Fate, the certain consequence of acts done in a former life; कर्मायत्तं फलं पुंसां बुद्धिः कर्मानुसारिणी Bh.2.89,94.

-1 (In gram.) The object of of an action; कर्तुरीप्सिततमं कर्म P.I.4.49.

-11 (In Vaiś. Phil.) Motion considered as one of the seven categories of things; (thus defined:-- एकद्रव्यमगुणं संयोगविभागेष्वनपेक्षकारणं कर्म Vaiś. Sūtra. (It is five-fold:-- उत्क्षेपणं ततो$वक्षेपणमाकुञ्चनं तथा । प्रसारणं च गमनं कर्माण्येतानि पञ्च च ॥ Bhāṣā P.6.)

-12 Organ of sense. प्रजापतिर्ह कर्माणि ससृजे Bṛi. Up.1.5.21.

-13 Organ of action; कर्माणि कर्मभिः कुर्वन् Bhāg.11.3.6.

-14 (In Astr.) The tenth lunar mansion.

-15 Practice, training; सर्वेषां कर्मणा वीर्यं जवस्तेजश्च वर्धते Kau. A.2.2.

-Comp. -अक्षम a. incapable of doing anything.

-अङ्गम् part of any act; part of a sacrificial rite (as प्रयाज of the Darśa sacrifice).

-अधिकारः the right of performing religious rites.

-अनुरूप a.

1 according to action or any par- ticular office.

-2 according to actions done in a pre- vious existence.

-अनुष्ठानम् practising one's duties.

-अनुसारः consequence of, or conformity to, acts.

-अन्तः 1 the end of any business or task.

-2 a work, busi- ness, execution of business.

-3 a barn, a store of grain &c. Ms.7.62 (कर्मान्तः इक्षुधान्यादिसंग्रहस्थानम् Kull.)

-4 cultivated ground.

-5 a worker; कच्चिन्न सर्वे कर्मान्ताः Rām.2.1.52.

-अन्तरम् 1 difference or contrariety of action.

-2 penance, expiation.

-3 suspension of a religious action.

-4 another work or action; कर्मान्तर- नियुक्तासु निर्ममन्थ स्वयं दधि Bhāg.1.9.1.

-अन्तिक a. final. (

-कः) a servant, workman, Rām.1.13.7.

-अपनुत्तिः f. removing, sending away of कर्म; जन्मकर्माप- नुत्तये Bhāg.12.2.17.

-अर्ह a. fit or suitable to an act or the rite. (

-र्हः) a man.

-आख्या f. Name received from the act performed; तस्मात् छिन्नगमनो$श्वो$पि छाग इति कर्माख्या भविष्यति । ŚB. on MS.6.8.37.

-आजीवः one who maintains himself by some profession (as that of an artisan &c.)

-आत्मन् a. endowed with the princi- ples of action, active; कर्मात्मनां च देवानां सो$सृजत्प्राणिनां प्रभुः Ms.1.22. (-m.) the soul.

-आयतनम् see कर्मेन्द्रियम्; शव्दः स्पर्शो रसो गन्धो रूपं चेत्यर्थजातयः । गत्युक्त्युत्सर्गशिल्पानि कर्मायतनसिद्धयः Bhāg.11.22.16.

-आशयः receptacle or accumulation of (good and evil) acts; निर्हृत्य कर्माशयमाशु याति परां गतिम् Bhāg.1.46.32.

-इन्द्रियम् an organ of action, as distinguished from ज्ञानेन्द्रिय; (they are:- वाक्पाणिपादपायूपस्थानि; Ms.2.99; see under इन्द्रिय also) कर्मेन्द्रियाणि संयम्य Bg.3.6,7.

-उदारम् any valiant or noble act, magnanimity, prowess.

-उद्युक्त a. busy, engaged, active, zealous.

-करः 1 a hired labourer (a servant who is not a slave); आ तस्य गोः प्रतिदानात् कर्मकारी आगबीनः कर्मकरः Mbh. on P.V.2.14. कर्मकराः स्थपत्यादयः Pt.1; Śi.14.16.

-2 Yama.

-कर्तृ m. (in gram.) an agent who is at the same time the object of the action; e. g. पच्यते ओदनः, it is thus defined:- क्रियमाणं तु यत्कर्म स्वयमेव प्रसिध्यति । सुकरैः स्वैर्गुणैः कर्तुः कर्मकर्तेति तद्विदुः ॥ न चान्तरेण कर्मकर्तारं सकर्मका अकर्मका भवन्ति Mbh. on P.I.3.27

-काण्डः, -ण्डम् that department of the Veda which relates to ceremonial acts and sacrificial rites and the merit arising from a due performance thereof.

-कारः 1 one who does any business, a mechanic, artisan (technically a worker not hired).

-2 any labourer in general (whether hired or not).

-3 a black-smith; हरिणाक्षि कटाक्षेण आत्मानमवलोकय । न हि खङ्गो विजानाति कर्मकारं स्वकारणम् ॥ Udb.

-4 a bull.

-कारिन् m. a labourer, artisan, workman.

-कार्मुकः, -कम् a strong bow.

-कीलकः a washerman.

-कृत्यम् activity, the state of active exertion; यः प्रथमः कर्मकृत्याय जज्ञे Av.4.24.6.

-क्षम a. able to perform any work or duty; आत्मकर्मक्षमं देहं क्षात्रो धर्म इवाश्रितः R.1.13.

-क्षेत्रम् the land of religious acts, i. e. भरतवर्ष; Bhāg.5.17.11. cf. कर्मभूमि.

-गतिः f. the course of fate; अथ कर्मगतिं चित्रां दृष्ट्वा$स्य हसितं मया Ks.59.159.

-गृहीत a. caught in the very act (as a thief.).

-ग्रन्थिः f. a term in Jaina metaphysics connoting 'weakness in the form of वासनाs produced by अज्ञान'.

-घातः leaving off or suspending work.

-च(चा)ण्डालः 1 'base in deed', a man of very low acts or deeds; Vasiṣṭha mentions these kinds:-- असूयकः पिशुनश्च कृतघ्नो दीर्घरोषकः । चत्वारः कर्मचाण्डाला जन्मतश्चापि पञ्चमः ॥

-2 one who com- mits an atrocious deed; अपूर्वकर्मचण्डालमयि मुग्धे विमुच्च माम् U.1.46.

-3 N. of Rāhu.

-चेष्टा active exertion, action. कर्मचेष्टास्वहः Ms.1.66.

-चोदना 1 The motive impelling one to ritual acts. ज्ञानं ज्ञेयं परिज्ञाता त्रिविधा कर्मचोदना Bg.18.18.

-2 any positive rule enjoining a religious act.

-च्छेदः The loss caused by absence on duty; Kau. A.2.7.

-जः a. resulting from an act; सिद्धिर्भवति कर्मजा Bg.4.12. कर्मजा गतयो नॄणामुत्तमाधममध्यमाः Ms.12.3.

(-जः) 1 the holy fig-tree.

-2 the Kali age.

-3 the banian tree.

-4 the effect arising from human acts:-- संयोग, विभाग &c.

-5 heaven.

-6 hell.

-ज्ञ a. one acquaint- ed with religious rites.

-त्यागः renunciation of worldly duties or ceremonial acts.

-दुष्ट a. corrupt in action, wick- ed, immoral, disrespectable.

-देवः a god through religious action; ये शतं गन्धर्वलोक आनन्दाः स एकः कर्मदेवानामानन्दः Bṛi. Up.4.3.33.

-दोषः 1 sin, vice; अवेक्षेत गतीर्नॄणां कर्मदोष- समुद्भवाः Ms.6.61,95.

-2 an error, defect, or blunder (in doing an act); कर्मदोषैर्न लिप्यते Ms.1,14.

-3 evil consequence of human acts.

-4 discreditable conduct.

-धारयः N. of a compound, a subdivision of Tatpu- ruṣa, (in which the members of the compound are in apposition) तत्पुरुषः समानाधिकरणः कर्मधारयः P.I. 2.42. तत्पुरुष कर्म धारय येनाहं स्यां बहुव्रीहिः Udb.

-ध्वंसः 1 loss of fruit arising from religious acts.

-2 dis- appointment.

-नामन् (in gram.) a participal noun.

-नामधेयम् N. of an act or sacrifice. These names are not arbitrary or technical such as गुण and वृद्धि but are always significant; सर्वेष्वेव कर्मनामधेयेषु अर्थसमन्वयेनानुवाद- भूतो नामशद्बो वर्तते, न लौकिकार्थतिरस्कारेण परिभाषामात्रेण वृद्धिगुणवत् ŚB. on MS.1.6.41.

-नाशा N. of a river between Kaśi and Bihar.

-निश्चयः a decision of action; न लेमे कर्मनिश्चयम् Bm.1.648.

-निषद्या a manufactory; Kau. A.2.4.

-निष्ठ a. devoted to the performance of religious acts; अग्निर्वीरं श्रुत्यं कर्मनिष्ठाम् Rv.1.8.1; Ms.3.134.

-न्यासः renunciation of the result of religious acts.

-पथः 1 the direction or source of an action.

-2 the path of religious rites (opp. ज्ञानमार्ग).

-पाकः ripening of actions, reward of actions done in a former life; Pt.1.372.

-प्रवचनीयः a term for certain prepositions, particles, or ad- verbs when they are not connected with verbs and govern a noun in some case; literally-the term means, 'Concerned with the setting forth of an action'. According to Indian grammarians it means 'that which spoke of an action (क्रियां प्रोक्तवन्तः)' e. g. आ in आ मुक्तेः संसारः is a कर्मप्रवचनीय; so अनु in जपमनु प्रावर्षत् &c; कर्म प्रोक्तवन्तः कर्मप्रवचनीया इति Mbh. on P.I.4.83. cf. उपसर्ग, गति and निपात also.

-फलम् 1 fruit or reward of actions done in a former life; (pain, pleasure); न मे कर्मफले स्पृहा Bg.4.14;5.12;6.1; ˚फलत्याग Bg.12.11,18.2; ˚फलत्यागिन् Bg.18.11; ˚फलप्रेप्सुः Bg.18.27; ˚फलसंयोग Bg.5.14; ˚फलहेतु Bg.2.47. एवं संचिन्त्य मनसा प्रेत्य कर्मफलोदयम् Ms.11.231.

-2 the fruit of Averrhoa Carambola (Mar. कर्मर); also कर्मरङ्ग.

-बन्धः, -बन्धनम् confinement to repeated birth, as the consequence of religious acts, good or bad (by which the soul is attached to worldly plea- sures &c.); बुद्ध्या युक्तो यथा पार्थ कर्मबन्धं प्रहास्यति Bg.2.39.

-भूः, -भूमिः f.

1 the land of religious rites, i. e. भरतवर्ष, this world (a place for man's probation); प्राप्येमां कर्मभूमिम् Bh.2.1; K.174,319.

-2 ploughed ground.

-मासः the Calendar month of thirty days.

-मीमांसा the Mīmāṁsā of ceremonial acts; see मीमांसा.

-मूलम् a kind of sacred grass called कुश.

-युगम् the fourth (the present) age of the world, i. e. the Kaliyuga.

-योगः 1 performance of actions, worldly and religious rites; कर्मयोगेन योगिनाम् Bg.3.3;3.7;5.2;13.24.

-2 active exertion, industry; Ms.1.115.

-वचनम् (with Buddhists) the ritual.

-वज्रः an epithet of a Śūdra.

-वशः fate considered as the inevitable result of actions done in a former life.

-वाटी a lunar day (तिथि).

-विपाक = कर्मपाक.

-शाला a work-shop.

-शील, -शूर a. assiduous, active, laborious; cf. कर्म- शीलस्तु कर्मठे । Nm.

-शौचम् humility.

-श्रुतिः f. The word expressive of the act; कर्मश्रुतेः परार्थत्वात् MS.11. 2.6. (read या अत्र कर्मश्रुतिः दर्शपूर्णमासाभ्यामिति सा परार्था तृतीया-योगात् &c. शबर).

-सङ्गः attachment to worldly duties and their results. तन्निबध्नाति... कर्मसङ्गेन Bg.14.7.

-सचिवः a minister.

-संन्यासिकः, -संन्यासिन् m.

1 a religious person who has withdrawn from every kind of worldly act.

-2 an ascetic who performs religious deeds without looking to their reward.

-साक्षिन् m.

1 an eyewitness; वह्निर्विवाहं प्रति कर्मसाक्षी Ku.7.83.

-2 one who witnesses the good or bad actions of man; आदित्य भो लोककृताकृतज्ञ लोकस्य सत्यानृप- कर्मसाक्षिन् Rām.3.63.16. (There are nine divinities which are said to witness and watch over all human actions; सूर्यः सोमो यमः कालो महाभूतानि पञ्च च । एते शुभाशुभ- स्येह कर्मणो नव साक्षिणः ॥)

-सिद्धिः f. accomplishment of any business or desired object; success. स्वकर्मसिद्धिं पुनरा- शशंसे Ku.

-स्थानम् a public office, a place of business.

Sanskrit-English dictionary > कर्मन् _karman
71 déjà

déjà [deʒa]

adverb

   a. ( = dès maintenant, dès ce moment) already

• il a déjà fini he has already finished

• est-il déjà rentré ? has he come home yet? ; (surprise) has he come home already?

• déjà à cette époque even then

   b. ( = auparavant) before

• je suis sûr de l'avoir déjà rencontré I'm sure I've met him before

• c'est du déjà-vu we've seen it all before

• impression de déjà-vu sense of déjà vu

   c. (intensif) 1 000 €, c'est déjà pas mal (inf) 1,000 euros, that's not bad at all

• 30 tonnes, c'est déjà un gros camion 30 tons, that's quite a big truck

   d. (interrogatif) (inf) c'est combien, déjà ? how much is it again? ; → ores

* * *
deʒa
adverbe

1) ( dès maintenant) already

il est déjà tard — it is already late, it is late already

sans cela, j'aurais déjà fini — if it hadn't been for that, I would have finished already ou I'd be finished by now

elle serait déjà mariée, si elle l'avait voulu — she could have been married by now if she'd wanted

2) ( précédemment) before, already

je te l'ai déjà dit — I told you before, I've already told you once

3) (colloq) ( pour renforcer)

c'est déjà un joli salaire! — that's a pretty good salary!

être second, c'est déjà très bien! — even to come second is pretty good!

c'est déjà beaucoup d'avoir la santé — good health is the main thing

il s'est excusé, c'est déjà quelque chose — at least he apologized, that's something

4) (colloq) ( pour protester)

elle est déjà assez riche (comme ça)! — she's rich enough as it is

5) (colloq) ( pour faire répéter) again

c'est combien, déjà? — how much was it again?

* * *
deʒa adv
1) (= dès à présent) [avoir terminé, être prêt] already

J'ai déjà fini. — I've already finished.

2) (= auparavant) [être allé, avoir visité] before

As-tu déjà été en France? — Have you been to France before?

3) (valeur de renforcement)

c'est déjà pas mal — that's not too bad, that's not too bad at all

c'est déjà quelque chose — it's a start

4) (accompagnant une question)

quel nom, déjà? — what was the name again?

* * *

déjà adv

1 ( dès maintenant) already; il est déjà tard it is already late, it is late already; à trois ans déjà, il savait lire he could already read by the age of three; sans cela, j'aurais déjà fini if it hadn't been for that, I would have finished already ou I'd be finished by now; elle serait déjà mariée, si elle l'avait voulu she could have been married by now if she'd wanted;

2 ( précédemment) before, already; je te l'ai déjà dit I told you before, I've already told you once;

3 ○( pour renforcer) c'est déjà un joli salaire! that's a pretty good salary!; être second, c'est déjà très bien! even to come second is pretty good!; c'est déjà beaucoup d'avoir la santé if at least you have your health, that's a good start; il s'est excusé, c'est déjà quelque chose at least he apologized, that's something;

4 ○( pour protester) elle est déjà assez riche (comme ça)! she's rich enough as it is; déjà qu'il est assommant, s'il faut en plus l'écouter! he's boring enough as it is without having to listen to him as well; déjà que j'ai la migraine, tu veux que je supporte ce bruit? with this migraine, how am I supposed to stand that noise?;

5 ○( pour faire répéter) again; qu'est-ce que tu voulais, déjà? what did you want again?; il a dit quoi, déjà? what did he say again?; c'est combien, déjà? how much was it again?

[deʒa] adverbe

1. [dès maintenant, dès lors] already

il doit être déjà loin he must be far away by now

il savait déjà lire à l'âge de 4 ans he already knew how to read at the age of 4

enfant, il aimait déjà les fleurs even as a child he liked flowers

2. [précédemment]

je vous l'ai déjà dit I've told you already

tu l'as déjà vu sur scène? have you ever seen him on stage?

il l'a déjà vue quelque part he's seen her somewhere before

3. [emploi expressif]

il est d'accord sur le principe, c'est déjà beaucoup he's agreed on the principle, that's something

déjà qu'il est en mauvaise santé he's in poor health as it is

elle est déjà assez riche she's rich enough as it is

ce n'est déjà pas si mal you could do worse

c'est déjà quelque chose it's better than nothing

donne un euro, ce sera déjà ça give one euro, that'll be a start

on a perdu une valise, mais ni l'argent ni les passeports, c'est déjà ça! we lost a case, but not our money or passports, which is something at least!

il faut déjà qu'il ait son examen he needs to pass his exam first, before he does anything else he has to pass his exam

4. (familier) [pour réitérer une question] again

elle s'appelle comment déjà? what did you say her name was?, what's she called again?

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > déjà
72 celui-là

celui-là [səlyila]

demonstrative pronoun

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Feminine = celle-là, masculine plural = ceux-là, feminine plural = celles-là.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

a. ( = celui-ci) this one

• ceux-là these (ones)

• lequel voulez-vous ? -- celui-là which one would you like? -- this one

b. (par opposition à celui-ci) lequel voulez-vous, celui-ci ? -- non, celui-là which one would you like, this one? -- no, that one

• celles-là sont moins chères those (ones) are cheaper

• il a vraiment de la chance, celui-là ! that guy (inf) certainly has a lot of luck!

• elle est bien bonne, celle-là ! that's a bit much!

* * *
səlɥila
Note: Pour les sens 1, 3 et 4 voir aussi celui-ci

celle-là sɛlla, mpl ceux-là søla, fpl celles-là sɛlla pronom démonstratif

1) ( désignant ce qui est plus éloigné) that one

ceux-là, celles-là — those (ones)

2) ( le suivant)

si je n'ai qu'un conseil à te donner, c'est celui-là — if I only have one piece of advice for you, it's this

3) ( le premier des deux) the former

4) ( l'autre) another

5) ( par rapport aux précédents)

il fit une autre proposition, plus réaliste celle-là — he made another proposal, a more realistic one this time

6) (colloq) ( emphatique)

il exagère, celui-là! — that fellow (colloq) GB ou guy (colloq) is pushing it a bit! (colloq)

celle-là, alors, quelle idiote! — what an idiot that woman is!

celui-là, alors! — ( admiratif) what a man!; ( irrité) that man!

regardez-moi celui-là: il n'est même pas rasé! — look at him! he hasn't even shaved!

7) (colloq)

elle est bien bonne, celle-là! — that's a good one!

je ne m'attendais pas à celle-là — I didn't expect that!

celui-là même — the very one

* * *
səlɥila pron démonstratif
that one

celle-là — that one

ceux-là — those ones, those

celles-là — those ones, those

* * *

celui-là, celle-là, mpl ceux-là, fpl celles-là pron dém

❢ Pour les sens 1, 3 et 4 voir aussi celui-ci.

1 ( désignant ce qui est plus éloigné) that one; ceux-là, celles-là those (ones); ‘lequel des deux?’-‘celui-là (là-bas)’ ‘which one of the two?’-‘that one (over there)’; ⇒ même;

2 ( le suivant) si je n'ai qu'un conseil à te donner, c'est celui-là if I only have one piece of advice for you, it's this;

3 ( le premier des deux) the former;

4 ( l'autre) another;

5 ( par rapport aux précédents) il fit une autre proposition, plus réaliste celle-là he made another proposal, a more realistic one this time;

6 ○( emphatique) il exagère, celui-là! that fellow○ GB ou guy○ is pushing it a bit○!; celle-là, alors, quelle idiote! what an idiot that woman is!; celui-là, alors! ( admiratif) what a man!; ( irrité) that man!; regardez-moi celui-là: il n'est même pas rasé! look at him! he hasn't even shaved!;

7 ○elle est bien bonne, celle-là! that's a good one!; je ne m'attendais pas à celle-là I didn't expect that!; celui-là même qui a écrit le scénario the very one who wrote the screenplay; celui-là même qui a été publié hier the very one that was published yesterday.

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > celui-là
73 ex

ex or ē (ex always before vowels, and elsewh. more freq. than e; e. g. in Cic. Rep. e occurs 19 times, but ex 61 times, before consonants—but no rule can be given for the usage; cf., e. g., ex and e together:
qui ex corporum vinculis tamquam e carcere evolaverunt,
Cic. Rep. 6, 14. But certain expressions have almost constantly the same form, as ex parte, ex sententia, ex senatus consulto, ex lege, ex tempore, etc.; but e regione, e re nata, e vestigio, e medio, and e republica used adverbially; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 756 sq.), praep. with abl. [kindr. with Gr. ek, ex], denotes out from the interior of a thing, in opposition to in (cf. ab and de init.), out of, from.
I.
In space.
A.
Prop.:
interea e portu nostra navis solvitur, Ubi portu exiimus, etc.,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 54:
quam (sphaeram) M. Marcelli avus captis Syracusis ex urbe locupletissima atque ornatissima sustulisset, cum aliud nihil ex tanta praeda domum suam deportavisset,
Cic. Rep. 1, 14:
influxit non tenuis quidam e Graecia rivulus in hanc urbem,
id. ib. 2, 19:
visam, ecquae advenerit In portum ex Epheso navis mercatoria,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 2; cf. id. ib. 3, 2, 5;
3, 6, 32 al.: magno de flumine malim quam ex hoc fonticulo tantundem sumere,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 56; cf.:
nec vos de paupere mensa Dona nec e puris spernite fictilibus,
Tib. 1, 1, 38:
clanculum ex aedibus me edidi foras,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 9; so freq. with verbs compounded with ex; also with verbs compounded with ab and de, v. abeo, abscedo, amoveo, aveho, etc.; decedo, deduco, defero, deicio, etc.—
2.
In a downward direction, from, down from, from off:
ex spelunca saxum in crura ejus incidisse,
Cic. Fat. 3, 6; cf. Liv. 35, 21:
picis e caelo demissum flumen,
Lucr. 6, 257:
equestribus proeliis saepe ex equis desiliunt,
Caes. B. G. 4, 2, 3; cf.:
cecidisse ex equo dicitur,
Cic. Clu. 62 fin.:
e curru trahitur,
id. Rep. 2, 41:
e curru desilit,
Ov. A. A. 1, 559 et saep., v. cado, decido, decurro, deduco, delabor, elabor, etc.—
3.
In an upward direction, from, above:
collis paululum ex planitie editus,
Caes. B. G. 2, 8, 3:
globum terrae eminentem e mari,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 28;
and trop.: consilia erigendae ex tam gravi casu rei publicae,
Liv. 6, 2.—
B.
Transf.
1.
To indicate the country, and, in gen., the place from or out of which any person or thing comes, from:
ex Aethiopia est usque haec,
Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 18:
quod erat ex eodem municipio,
Cic. Clu. 17, 49; cf. id. ib. 5, 11.—Freq. without a verb:
Philocrates ex Alide,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 2, 10:
ex Aethiopia ancillula,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 85 Ruhnk.:
negotiator ex Africa,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 5:
Epicurei e Graecia,
id. N. D. 1, 21, 58:
Q. Junius ex Hispania quidam,
Caes. B. G. 5, 27:
ex India elephanti,
Liv. 35, 32:
civis Romanus e conventu Panhormitano,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54 Zumpt; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 59 fin.:
meretrix e proxumo,
Plaut. As. 1, 1, 38; cf. id. Aul. 2, 4, 11:
puer ex aula (sc. regis barbari),
Hor. C. 1, 29, 7:
ex spelunca saxum,
Cic. Fat. 3, 6:
saxum ex capitolio,
Liv. 35, 21, 6:
ex equo cadere,
Cic. Clu. 32, 175; cf. id. Fat. 3, 6; Auct. B. Hisp. 15 et saep.—
2.
To indicate the place from which any thing is done or takes place, from, down from: ibi tum derepente ex alto in altum despexit mare, Enn. ap. Non. 518, 6 (for which:
a summo caelo despicere,
Ov. A. A. 2, 87; and:
de vertice montis despicere,
id. M. 11, 503); cf.:
T. Labienus... ex loco superiore conspicatus, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 2, 26, 4:
ex qua (villa) jam audieram fremitum clientium meorum,
Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 3:
ex hoc ipso loco permulta contra legem eam verba fecisti,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; so id. ib. 8 fin.; cf.:
judices aut e plano aut e quaesitoris tribunali admonebat,
Suet. Tib. 33:
ex equo, ex prora, ex puppi pugnare,
Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 202 and 209; cf. Caes. B. G. 2, 27, 3:
ex vinculis causam dicere,
id. ib. 1, 4, 1; Liv. 29, 19.—Hence the adverbial expressions, ex adverso, ex diverso, ex contrario, e regione, ex parte, e vestigio, etc.; v. the words adversus, diversus, etc.—Also, ex itinere, during or on a journey, on the march, without halting, Cic. Fam. 3, 9; Sall. C. 34, 2; Liv. 35, 24; Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 1; 3, 21, 2; id. B. C. 1, 24, 4; Sall. J. 56, 3 al.; cf.
also: ex fuga,
during the flight, Caes. B. G. 6, 35, 6; id. B. C. 3, 95; 96 fin.; Sall. J. 54, 4 Kritz.; Liv. 6, 29; 28, 23 al.
II.
In time.
A.
From a certain point of time, i. e. immediately after, directly after, after (in this sense more freq. than ab):
Cotta ex consulatu est profectus in Galliam,
Cic. Brut. 92, 318; so,
ex consulatu,
Liv. 4, 31 Drak.; 40, 1 fin.; 22, 49; 27, 34; Vell. 2, 33, 1 al.:
ex praetura,
Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 53; id. Mur. 7, 15; Caes. B. C. 1, 22, 4; 1, 31, 2:
ex dictatura,
Liv. 10, 5 fin.:
ex eo magistratu,
Vell. 2, 31 et saep.; cf.:
Agrippa ex Asia (pro consule eam provinciam annuo imperio tenuerat) Moesiae praepositus est,
Tac. H. 3, 46 fin.:
statim e somno lavantur,
id. G. 22:
tanta repente vilitas annonae ex summa inopia et caritate rei frumentariae consecuta est,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 15, 44; cf. Liv. 21, 39:
ex aliquo graviore actu personam deponere,
Quint. 6, 2, 35:
mulier ex partu si, etc.,
Cels. 2, 8:
ex magnis rupibus nactus planitiem,
Caes. B. C. 1, 70, 3; cf.: ex maximo bello tantum otium totae insulae conciliavit, ut, etc., Nop. Timol. 3, 2; and:
ex magna desperatione tandem saluti redditus,
Just. 12, 10, 1 et saep.:
ex quo obses Romae fuit,
since he was a hostage in Rome, Liv. 40, 5 fin. —So the phrase, aliud ex alio, one thing after another:
me quotidie aliud ex alio impedit,
Cic. Fam. 9, 19 fin.; Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 14 (cf. also, alius, D.):
aliam rem ex alia cogitare,
Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 3:
alia ex aliis iniquiora postulando,
Liv. 4, 2.—So, too, diem ex die exspectabam, one day after another, from day to day, Cic. Att. 7, 26 fin.; cf.:
diem ex die ducere,
Caes. B. G. 1, 16, 5 (v. dies, I. A. b.).—
2.
With names of office or calling, to denote one who has completed his term of office, or has relinquished his vocation. So in class. Lat. very dub.;
for the passage,
Caes. B. C. 1, 46, 4, belongs more correctly under III. B. It is, however, very common in post-class. Lat., esp. in inscriptions—ex consule, ex comite, ex duce, ex equite, ex praefecto, etc.— an ex-consul, etc. (for which, without good MS. authority, the nominatives exconsul, excomes, exdux, etc., are sometimes assumed, in analogy with proconsul, and subvillicus; cf. Schneid. Gram. 1, p. 562, note, and the authors there cited):
vir excelsus ex quaestore et ex consule Tribonianus,
Cod. Just. 1, 17, 2, § 9; cf.:
Pupienus et Balbinus, ambo ex consulibus,
Capitol. Gord. 22:
duo ante ipsam aram a Gallicano ex consulibus et Maecenate ex ducibus interempti sunt,
id. ib.:
mandabat Domitiano, ex comite largitionum, praefecto, ut, etc.,
Amm. 14, 7, 9:
Serenianus ex duce,
id. 14, 7, 7:
INLVSTRIS EX PRAEFECTO praeTORIO ET EX PRAEFECTO VRbis,
Inscr. Orell. 2355 al., v. Inscr. Orell. in Indice, p. 525.—
And of a period of life: quem si Constans Imperator olim ex adulto jamque maturum audiret, etc.,
i. e. who had outgrown the period of youth, and was now a man, Amm. 16, 7.—
B.
From and after a given time, from... onward, from, since (cf. ab, II. A. 2.):
bonus volo jam ex hoc die esse,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 10:
itaque ex eo tempore res esse in vadimonium coepit,
Cic. Quint. 5 fin.:
nec vero usquam discedebam, nec a republica deiciebam oculos, ex eo die, quo, etc.,
id. Phil. 1, 1:
ex aeterno tempore,
id. Fin. 1, 6, 17:
ex hoc die,
id. Rep. 1, 16:
motum ex Metello consule civicum tractas,
from the consulship of Metellus, Hor. C. 2, 1, 1:
C. Pompeius Diogenes ex Kalendis Juliis cenaculum locat,
Petr. 38, 10; so usually in forms of hiring; cf. Garaton. Cic. Phil. 2, 39, 100:
ex ea die ad hanc diem,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12 fin.:
memoria tenent, me ex Kalendis Januariis ad hanc horam invigilasse rei publicae,
id. Phil. 14, 7, 20.—Esp.: ex quo (sc. tempore), since: [p. 670] octavus annus est, ex quo, etc., Tac. Agr. 33; id. A. 14, 53:
sextus decimus dies agitur, ex quo,
id. H. 1, 29:
sextus mensis est, ex quo,
Curt. 10, 6, 9; Hor. Ep. 11, 5; so,
ex eo,
Tac. A. 12, 7; Suet. Caes. 22:
ex illo,
Ov. F. 5, 670; Stat. Silv. 1, 2, 81.—
C.
Less freq. in specifying a future date (after which something is to be done), from, after:
Romae vereor ne ex Kal. Jan. magni tumultus sint,
Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 3:
hunc judicem ex Kal. Jan. non habemus... ex Kal. Jan. non judicabunt,
id. Verr. 1, 10:
ex Idibus Mart.... ex Idibus Mai.,
id. Att. 5, 21, 9.
III.
In other relations, and in gen. where a going out or forth, a coming or springing out of any thing is conceivable.
A.
With verbs of taking out, or, in gen., of taking, receiving, deriving (both physically and mentally; so of perceiving, comprehending, inquiring, learning, hoping, etc.), away from, from, out of, of:
solem e mundo tollere videntur, qui amicitiam e vita tollunt,
Cic. Lael. 13, 47:
ex omni populo deligendi potestas,
id. Agr. 2, 9, 23:
agro ex hoste capto,
Liv. 41, 14, 3:
cui cum liceret majores ex otio fructus capere,
Cic. Rep. 1, 4:
ex populo Romano bona accipere,
Sall. J. 102:
majorem laetitiam ex desiderio bonorum percepimus, quam ex laetitia improborum dolorem,
Cic. Rep. 1, 4:
quaesierat ex me Scipio,
id. ib. 1, 13:
ex te requirunt,
id. ib. 2, 38:
de quo studeo ex te audire, quid sentias,
id. ib. 1, 11 fin.; 1, 30; 1, 46; 2, 38; cf.:
intellexi ex tuis litteris te ex Turannio audisse, etc.,
id. Att. 6, 9, 3:
ex eo cum ab ineunte ejus aetate bene speravissem,
id. Fam. 13, 16 et saep.; cf.:
ex aliqua re aliquid nominare,
id. N. D. 2, 20, 51:
vocare,
Tac. G. 2, 4; cf. id. ib. 4, 55; Sall. J. 5, 4.—
B.
In specifying a multitude from which something is taken, or of which it forms a part, out of, of:
qui ex civitate in senatum, ex senatu in hoc consilium delecti estis,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 3 fin.:
e vectoribus sorte ductus,
id. Rep. 1, 34:
ecquis est ex tanto populo, qui? etc.,
id. Rab. Post. 17:
homo ex numero disertorum postulabat, ut, etc.,
id. de Or. 1, 37, 168: Q. Fulgentius, ex primo hastato (sc. ordine) legionis XIV., i. e. a soldier of the first division of hastati of the 14 th legion, Caes. B. C. 1, 46;
v. hastatus: e barbaris ipsis nulli erant maritimi,
Cic. Rep. 2, 4:
unus ex illis decemviris,
id. ib. 2, 37:
ex omnibus seculis vix tria aut quatuor nominantur paria amicorum,
id. Lael. 4, 15:
aliquis ex vobis,
id. Cael. 3, 7; id. Fam. 13, 1 fin.: id enim ei ex ovo videbatur aurum declarasse;
reliquum, argentum,
this of the egg, id. Div. 2, 65:
quo e collegio (sc. decemvirorum),
id. Rep. 2, 36:
virgines ex sacerdotio Vestae,
Flor. 1, 13, 12:
alia ex hoc quaestu,
Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 29 Ruhnk.; cf.:
fuit eodem ex studio vir eruditus apud patres nostros,
Cic. Mur. 36; Ov. Am. 2, 5, 54; Sen. Ben. 3, 9; id. Ep. 52, 3:
qui sibi detulerat ex latronibus suis principatum,
Cic. Phil. 2, 3:
est tibi ex his, qui assunt, bella copia,
id. Rep. 2, 40:
Batavi non multum ex ripa, sed insulam Rheni amnis colunt,
Tac. G. 29:
acerrimum autem ex omnibus nostris sensibus esse sensum videndi,
Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 357:
ex tribus istis modis rerum publicarum velim scire quod optimum judices,
id. Rep. 1, 30; cf. id. ib. 1, 35 et saep.—
2.
Sometimes a circumlocution for the subject. gen., of (cf. de):
has (turres) altitudo puppium ex barbaris navibus superabat,
Caes. B. G. 3, 14, 4:
album ex ovo cum rosa mixtum,
Cels. 4, 20:
ex fraxino frondes, ex leguminibus paleae,
Col. 7, 3, 21 sq. —
C.
To indicate the material of which any thing is made or consists, of:
fenestrae e viminibus factae,
Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 6; cf.:
statua ex aere facta,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 21; and:
ex eo auro buculam curasse faciendam,
id. Div. 1, 24:
substramen e palea,
Varr. R. R. 3, 10, 4:
pocula ex auro, vas vinarium ex una gemma pergrandi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27:
monilia e gemmis,
Suet. Calig. 56:
farina ex faba,
Cels. 5, 28:
potiones ex absinthio,
id. ib. et saep.:
Ennius (i. e. statua ejus) constitutus ex marmore,
Cic. Arch. 9 fin.; cf. id. Ac. 2, 31, 100:
(homo) qui ex animo constet et corpore caduco et infirmo,
id. N. D. 1, 35, 98:
natura concreta ex pluribus naturis,
id. ib. 3, 14; id. Rep. 1, 45; id. Ac. 1, 2, 6: cum Epicuro autem hoc est plus negotii, quod e duplici genere voluptatis conjunctus est, id. Fin. 2, 14, 44 et saep.—
D.
To denote technically the material, out of, i. e. with which any thing to eat or drink, etc., is mixed or prepared (esp. freq. of medical preparations):
resinam ex melle Aegyptiam,
Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 28:
quo pacto ex jure hesterno panem atrum vorent,
Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 17:
bibat jejunus ex aqua castoreum,
Cels. 3, 23:
aqua ex lauro decocta,
id. 4, 2; cf.:
farina tritici ex aceto cocta,
Plin. 22, 25, 57, § 120:
pullum hirundinis servatum ex sale,
Cels. 4, 4:
nuclei pinei ex melle, panis vel elota alica ex aqua mulsa (danda est),
id. 4, 7 et saep.—So of the mixing of colors or flavors:
bacae e viridi rubentes,
Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 127:
frutex ramosus, bacis e nigro rufis,
id. ib. §
132: id solum e rubro lacteum traditur,
id. 12, 14, 30, § 52:
e viridi pallens,
id. 37, 8, 33, § 110:
apes ex aureolo variae,
Col. 9, 3, 2:
sucus ex austero dulcis,
Plin. 13, 9, 18, § 62; 21, 8, 26, § 50:
ex dulci acre,
id. 11, 15, 15, § 39; cf.
trop.: erat totus ex fraude et mendacio factus,
Cic. Clu. 26.—
E.
To indicate the cause or reason of any thing, from, through, by, by reason of, on account of:
cum esset ex aere alieno commota civitas,
Cic. Rep. 2, 33:
ex doctrina nobilis et clarus,
id. Rab. Post. 9, 23:
ex vulnere aeger,
id. Rep. 2, 21; cf.:
ex renibus laborare,
id. Tusc. 2, 25:
ex gravitate loci vulgari morbos,
Liv. 25, 26:
ex vino vacillantes, hesterna ex potatione oscitantes,
Quint. 8, 33, 66:
gravida e Pamphilo est,
Ter. And. 1, 3, 11:
credon' tibi hoc, nunc peperisse hanc e Pamphilo?
id. ib. 3, 2, 17:
ex se nati,
Cic. Rep. 1, 35:
ex quodam conceptus,
id. ib. 2, 21:
ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum,
id. ib. 1, 44:
ex hac maxima libertate tyrannis gignitur,
id. ib. et saep.:
ex te duplex nos afficit sollicitudo,
Cic. Brut. 97, 332; cf.:
quoniam tum ex me doluisti, nunc ut duplicetur tuum ex me gaudium, praestabo,
id. Fam. 16, 21, 3:
in spem victoriae adductus ex opportunitate loci,
Sall. J. 48, 2:
veritus ex anni tempore et inopia aquae, ne siti conficeretur exercitus,
id. ib. 50, 1 et saep.:
ex Transalpinis gentibus triumphare,
Cic. Phil. 8, 6, 18; id. Off. 2, 8, 28; cf. id. Fam. 3, 10, 1:
gens Fabia saepe ex opulentissima Etrusca civitate victoriam tulit,
Liv. 2, 50:
ex tam propinquis stativis parum tuta frumentatio erat,
i. e. on account of the proximity of the two camps, Liv. 31, 36:
qua ex causa cum bellum Romanis Sabini intulissent,
Cic. Rep. 2, 7:
hic mihi (credo equidem ex hoc, quod eramus locuti) Africanus se ostendit,
id. ib. 6, 10:
quod ex eo sciri potest, quia, etc.,
id. Tusc. 1, 18 fin.; cf. id. Leg. 1, 15, 43:
causa... fuit ex eo, quod, etc.,
id. Phil. 6, 1:
ex eo fieri, ut, etc.,
id. Lael. 13, 46:
ex quo fit, ut, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 43:
e quo efficitur, non ut, etc.,
id. Fin. 2, 5, 15 et saep.—Sometimes between two substantives without a verb:
non minor ex aqua postea quam ab hostibus clades,
Flor. 4, 10, 8:
ex nausea vomitus,
Cels. 4, 5:
ex hac clade atrox ira,
Liv. 2, 51, 6:
metus ex imperatore, contemptio ex barbaris,
Tac. A. 11, 20:
ex legato timor,
id. Agr. 16 et saep.—
2.
In partic., to indicate that from which any thing derives its name, from, after, on account of:
cui postea Africano cognomen ex virtute fuit,
Sall. J. 5, 4; cf. Flor. 2, 6, 11:
cui (sc. Tarquinio) cognomen Superbo ex moribus datum,
id. 1, 7, 1:
nomen ex vitio positum,
Ov. F. 2, 601:
quarum ex disparibus motionibus magnum annum mathematici nominaverunt,
Cic. N. D. 2, 20; id. Leg. 1, 8; cf. id. Tusc. 4, 12; Plin. 11, 37, 45, § 123:
holosteon sine duritia est, herba ex adverso appellata a Graecis,
id. 27, 10, 65, § 91:
quam urbem e suo nomine Romam jussit nominari,
Cic. Rep. 2, 7:
e nomine (nominibus),
id. ib. 2, 20; Tac. A. 4, 55; id. G. 2; Just. 15, 4, 8; 20, 5, 9 et saep.—
F.
To indicate a transition, i. e. a change, alteration, from one state or condition to another, from, out of:
si possum tranquillum facere ex irato mihi,
Plaut. Cist. 3, 21:
fierent juvenes subito ex infantibus parvis,
Lucr. 1, 186:
dii ex hominibus facti,
Cic. Rep. 2, 10:
ut exsistat ex rege dominus, ex optimatibus factio, ex populo turba et confusio,
id. ib. 1, 45:
nihil est tam miserabile quam ex beato miser,
id. Part. 17; cf.:
ex exsule consul,
id. Manil. 4, 46:
ex perpetuo annuum placuit, ex singulari duplex,
Flor. 1, 9, 2: tua virtute nobis Romanos ex amicis amicissimos fecisti, Sall. J. 10:
ex alto sapore excitati,
Curt. 7, 11, 18.—
G.
Ex (e) re, ex usu or ex injuria, to or for the advantage or injury of any one:
ex tua re non est, ut ego emoriar,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 102; 104; cf. Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 76: Cervius haec inter vicinus garrit aniles Ex re fabellas, i. e. fitting, suitable, pertinent (= pro commodo, quae cum re proposita conveniant), Hor. S. 2, 6, 78:
aliquid facere bene et e re publica,
for the good, the safety of the state, Cic. Phil. 10, 11, 25:
e (not ex) re publica,
id. ib. 3, 12, 30; 8, 4, 13; id. de Or. 2, 28, 124; id. Fam. 13, 8, 2; Liv. 23, 24; Suet. Caes. 19 et saep.:
exque re publica,
Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 38; 5, 13, 36:
non ex usu nostro est,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 60; Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 10; Caes. B. G. 1, 30, 2; 1, 50 fin.; 5, 6 fin. al.; cf.:
ex utilitate,
Plin. Pan. 67, 4; Tac. A. 15, 43:
ex nullius injuria,
Liv. 45, 44, 11.—
H.
To designate the measure or rule, according to, after, in conformity with which any thing is done:
(majores) primum jurare EX SVI ANIMI SENTENTIA quemque voluerunt,
Cic. Ac. 2, 47 fin. (cf. Beier, Cic. Off. 3, 29, 108, and the references):
ex omnium sententia constitutum est, etc.,
id. Clu. 63, 177; cf.:
ex senatus sententia,
id. Fam. 12, 4:
ex collegii sententia,
Liv. 4, 53:
ex amicorum sententia,
id. 40, 29:
ex consilii sententia,
id. 45, 29 et saep.; cf.
also: ex sententia, i. q. ex voluntate,
according to one's wish, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 96: Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 32; Cic. Fam. 12, 10, 2; id. Att. 5, 21 al.;
and, in a like sense: ex mea sententia,
Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 1; id. Merc. 2, 3, 36:
ex senatus consulto,
Cic. Rep. 3, 18; Sall. C. 42 fin.:
ex edicto, ex decreto,
Cic. Fam. 13, 56 fin.; id. Quint. 8, 30:
ex lege,
id. Div. in Caecil. 5, 19; id. Clu. 37, 103; id. Inv. 1, 38, 68: ex jure, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10, 4 (Ann. v. 276 ed. Vahl.); Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Mull.; Cic. Mur. 12, 26; id. de Or. 1, 10, 41:
ex foedere,
Liv. 1, 23 et saep.:
hunccine erat aequum ex illius more, an illum ex hujus vivere?
Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 29; so,
ex more,
Sall. J. 61, 3; Verg. A. 5, 244; 8, 186; Ov. M. 14, 156; 15, 593; Plin. Ep. 3, 18; Flor. 4, 2, 79 al.; cf.:
ex consuetudine,
Cic. Clu. 13, 38; Caes. B. G. 1, 52, 4; 4, 32, 1; Sall. J. 71, 4; Quint. 2, 7, 1 al.:
quod esse volunt e virtute, id est honeste vivere,
Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 34:
ex sua libidine moderantur,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 4; cf. Sall. C. 8, 1:
ut magis ex animo rogare nihil possim,
Cic. Fam. 13, 8, 3:
eorum ex ingenio ingenium horum probant,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 42; cf. Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 118; Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A.:
leges ex utilitate communi, non ex scriptione, quae in litteris est, interpretari,
Cic. Inv. 1, 38; cf. id. Lael. 6, 21:
nemo enim illum ex trunco corporis spectabat, sed ex artificio comico aestimabat,
id. Rosc. Com. 10, 28; cf. Sall. C. 10, 5; Caes. B. G. 3, 20, 1; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 2 al.:
ex tuis verbis meum futurum corium pulcrum praedicas,
Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 19; cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 17; id. Att. 1, 3:
nunc quae scribo, scribo ex opinione hominum atque fama,
id. Fam. 12, 4 fin.:
scripsit Tiberio, non ut profugus aut supplex, sed ex memoria prioris fortunae,
Tac. A. 2, 63: quamquam haec quidem res non solum ex domestica est ratione;
attingit etiam bellicam,
Cic. Off. 1, 22, 76; cf. id. Quint. 11; 15 et saep.—E re rata, v. ratus.—
I.
To form adverbial expressions, such as: ex aequo, ex commodo, ex contrario, ex composito, ex confesso, ex destinato, ex diverso, ex facili, etc., ex affluenti, ex continenti; ex improviso, ex inopinato, etc., v. the words aequus, commodus, etc.
► Ex placed after its noun: variis ex,
Lucr.
2, 791:
terris ex,
id. 6, 788:
quibus e sumus uniter apti,
id. 3, 839; 5, 949.—E joined with que:
que sacra quercu,
Verg. E. 7, 13.
IV.
In composition, ex (cf. dis) before vowels and h, and before c, p, q, t (exagito, exeo, exigo, exoro, exuro, exhaurio; excedo, expello, exquiro, extraho); ef (sometimes ec) before f (effero, effluo, effringo; also in good MSS. ecfero, ecfari, ecfodio), elsewhere e (eblandior, educo, egredior, eicio, eligo, emitto, enitor, evado, eveho). A few exceptions are found, viz., in ex: epoto and epotus as well as expotus, and escendo as well as exscensio; in e: exbibo as well as ebibo; exballisto, exbola; exdorsuo; exfututa as well as effutuo; exfibulo; exlex, etc. After ex in compounds s is [p. 671] often elided in MSS. and edd. Both forms are correct, but the best usage and analogy favor the retaining of the s; so, exsaevio, exsanguis, exscensio, exscindo, exscribo, exsculpo, exseco, exsecror, exsequiae, exsequor, exsero, exsicco, exsilio, exsilium, exsisto, exsolvo, exsomnis, exsorbeo, exsors, exspecto, exspes, exspiro, exspolio, exspuo, exsterno, exstimulo, exstinguo, exstirpo, exsto, exstruo, exsudo, exsugo, exsul, exsulto, exsupero, exsurgo, exsuscito, and some others, with their derivv.; cf. Ribbeck, Prol. Verg. p. 445 sq. Only in escendere and escensio is the elision of x before s sustained by preponderant usage; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 766.—
B.
Signification.
1.
Primarily and most freq. of place, out or forth: exeo, elabor, educo, evado, etc.; and in an upward direction: emineo, effervesco, effero, erigo, exsurgo, exsulto, extollo, everto, etc.—Hence also, trop., out of ( a former nature), as in effeminare, qs. to change out of his own nature into that of a woman: effero, are, to render wild; thus ex comes to denote privation or negation, Engl. un-: exanimare, excusare, enodare, exonerare, effrenare, egelidus, I., elinguis, elumbis, etc.—
2.
Throughout, to the end: effervesco, effero, elugeo; so in the neuter verbs which in composition (esp. since the Aug. per.) become active: egredior, enavigo, eno, enitor, excedo, etc.—Hence, thoroughly, utterly, completely: elaudare, emori, enecare, evastare, evincere (but eminari and eminatio are false readings for minari and minatio; q. v.); and hence a simple enhancing of the principal idea: edurus, efferus, elamentabilis, egelidus, exacerbo, exaugeo, excolo, edisco, elaboro, etc. In many compounds, however, of post - Aug. and especially of post-class. Latinity this force of ex is no longer distinct; so in appellations of color: exalbidus, exaluminatus, etc.; so in exabusus, exambire, exancillatus, etc. Vid. Hand Turs. II. Pp. 613-662.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ex
74 être

être [εtʀ]

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1. linking verb

2. auxiliary verb

3. intransitive verb

4. impersonal verb

5. masculine noun

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➭ TABLE 61

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► Pour les locutions comme être en colère, c'est dommage, reportez-vous à l'autre mot.

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1. <

   a. to be

• le ciel est bleu the sky is blue

• soyez sages ! be good!

• il était fatigué he was tired

• elle est traductrice she's a translator

• il est tout pour elle he's everything to her

• il n'est plus rien pour moi he doesn't mean anything to me any more

• nous sommes dix à vouloir partir ten of us want to go

► être de

• nous sommes de la même religion we are of the same faith

• être de l'expédition to take part in the expedition

• être de noce to be at a wedding

• je ne serai pas du voyage I won't be going

• elle est des nôtres she's one of us ; ( = elle vient avec nous) she's coming with us

• serez-vous des nôtres demain ? will you be coming tomorrow?

   b. (date) on est le 12 janvier

• nous sommes le 12 janvier it's 12 January

• on était en juillet it was in July

• quel jour sommes-nous ? (date) what's the date today? ; (jour) what day is it today?

2. <

   a. (passif) to be

• être fabriqué par... to be made by...

• il est soutenu par son patron he is backed up by his boss

• elle n'a pas été invitée she hasn't been invited

   b. (temps composés) to have

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► Les temps composés anglais sont généralement formés avec le verbe to have et non to be.

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► Les temps composés français ne se traduisent pas toujours par des temps composés anglais: le passé composé français peut se traduire soit par le prétérit, soit par le parfait anglais, selon le contexte.

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• il est mort hier he died yesterday

• il est parti hier he left yesterday

• est-il déjà passé ? has he been already?

• nous étions montés we had gone upstairs

   c. (verbes pronominaux) elle s'est regardée dans la glace she looked at herself in the mirror

• elle s'était endormie she had fallen asleep

• ils se sont regardés avec méfiance they looked at each other suspiciously

3. <

   a. to be

• elle n'est plus she is no more

• le meilleur homme qui soit the kindest man imaginable

• le village est à 10 km d'ici the village is 10km from here

• où étais-tu ? where were you?

   b. ( = aller)

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► Lorsque avoir été décrit un déplacement, il est rendu le plus souvent par to go ; lorsqu'il exprime le fait de s'être trouvé quelque part, il se traduit par to be.

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• il n'avait jamais été à Londres he'd never been to London

• as-tu déjà été à l'étranger ? -- oui j'ai été en Italie l'an dernier have you ever been abroad? -- yes I went to Italy last year

• elle a été lui téléphoner she's gone to phone him

• il a été dire que c'était de ma faute he went and said that it was my fault

4. <

   a. ► il est + adjectif it is

• il est étrange que... it's odd that...

• il a été facile de le convaincre it was easy to convince him

   b. ► il est (pour dire l'heure) it is

• il est 10 heures it's 10 o'clock

• il était 8 heures quand il est arrivé it was 8 o'clock when he arrived

• quelle heure est-il ? what time is it?

   c. ► il est + nom (literary) (nom singulier) there is ; (nom pluriel) there are

• il est un pays où... there is a country where...

• il est des gens qui... there are people who...

• il était une fois... once upon a time there was...

   d. ► c'est, ce sont + nom ou pronom

• c'est le médecin (en désignant) that's the doctor ; (au téléphone, à la porte) it's the doctor

• c'est une voiture rapide it's a fast car

• ce sont de bons souvenirs they are happy memories

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► En anglais, to be se met au temps de l'action décrite.

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• c'est une voiture rouge qui l'a renversé it was a red car which knocked him down

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► Notez l'emploi possible d'un auxiliaire en anglais pour traduire les propositions tronquées.

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• qui a crié ? -- c'est lui who shouted? -- he did or it was him

   e. ► c'est + adjectif it is

• c'est impossible it's impossible

• c'était formidable it was wonderful

• c'est vrai that's true

• ça c'est vrai ! that's true!

• un hôtel pas cher, c'est difficile à trouver it's not easy to find a cheap hotel

• voler, c'est quelque chose que je ne ferai jamais stealing is something I'll never do

   f. (locutions)

► c'est... qui

• c'est le vent qui a emporté la toiture it was the wind that blew the roof off

• c'est eux or ce sont eux qui mentaient they are the ones who were lying

• c'est toi qui le dis ! that's what you say!

• c'est moi qu'on attendait it was me they were waiting for► c'est... que

• c'est une bonne voiture que vous avez là that's a good car you've got there

• c'est ici que je l'ai trouvé this is where I found it

• c'était elle que je voulais rencontrer she was the one I wanted to meet

• ne partez pas, c'est à vous que je veux parler don't go, it's you I want to talk to► c'est que (pour expliquer)

quand il écrit, c'est qu'il a besoin d'argent when he writes, it's because he needs money

• c'est que je le connais bien ! I know him so well!

• c'est qu'elle n'a pas d'argent it's because she has no money ; (exclamatif) but she has no money!► ce n'est pas que

• ce n'est pas qu'il soit beau ! it's not that he's good-looking!► est-ce que ?

• est-ce que c'est vrai ? is it true?

• est-ce que vous saviez ? did you know?

• est-ce que tu m'entends ? can you hear me?

• est-ce que c'est toi qui l'as battu ? was it you who beat him?

• quand est-ce que ce sera réparé ? when will it be fixed?

• où est-ce que tu l'as mis ? where have you put it?► n'est-ce pas ? → n'est-ce pas

► ne serait-ce if only

• ne serait-ce que pour quelques jours if only for a few days

• ne serait-ce que pour nous ennuyer if only to annoy us

5. <

   a. ( = créature) being

• être humain human being

• être vivant living being

   b. ( = individu) person

• les êtres qui nous sont chers our loved ones

• un être cher a loved one

• c'était un être merveilleux he was a wonderful person

* * *

I ɛtʀ
verbe intransitif (+ v avoir)

1)

il n'est pas jusqu'à l'Antarctique qui ne soit pollué — even the Antarctic is polluted

il en est de Pierre comme de Paul — it is the same with Pierre as with Paul

voilà ce qu'il en est — ( présentation) this is how it is; ( conclusion) that's how it is

il n'en est rien — this isn't at all the case

il en sera toujours ainsi — it will always be so

il en a été de même — it was the same

qu'en est-il de...? — what's the news on...?

2)

je suis à vous tout de suite/dans un instant — I'll be with you right away/in a minute

je suis à vous — I'm all yours

être à ce qu'on fait — to have one's mind on what one is doing

elle est toujours à se plaindre — she's always complaining

3)

il n'est plus — euph he's no longer with us

ce temps n'est plus — these days are gone

fût-il duc/en cristal — even if he were a duke/it were made of crystal

n'était leur grand âge — were it not for their advanced age

ne serait-ce qu'en faisant — if only by doing

ne fût-ce qu'un instant — if only for a moment

fût-ce pour des raisons humanitaires — if only on humanitarian grounds

••

on ne peut pas être et avoir été — Proverbe you can't stay young forever

••

être I

Généralités

Dans la plupart des situations exprimant l'existence, l'identité, la localisation, la qualité, être sera traduit par to be: je pense donc je suis = I think therefore I am; le soleil est une étoile = the sun is a star; j'étais chez moi = I was at home; l'eau est froide = the water is cold

Les locutions figées contenant être sont traitées sous l'entrée appropriée. Ainsi être en train de/sur le point de/hors de soi etc sont respectivement sous train, point, hors etc; comme si de rien n'était et quoi qu'il en soit sous comme et quoi. De même, les expressions avec si et les questions commençant par que sont traitées sous si et que, à part qu'est-ce à dire?, que l'on trouvera sous dire. Selon le même principe, l'emploi facultatif de étant après considérer comme et présenter comme est traité sous ces verbes; étant donné (que) et étant entendu que sont sous donné et entendu. La plupart des autres emplois de étant se traduisent par being: cela (ou ceci) étant = this being so. En revanche, c'est-à-dire, n'est-ce pas, peut-être et soit sont des entrées à part entière, traitées à leur place dans le dictionnaire

Par ailleurs, on consultera utilement les notes d'usage répertoriées, notamment pour l'expression de l'heure, la date, les nationalités, les professions, les nombres etc

être = verbe auxiliaire

de la voix passive

être auxiliaire de la voix passive se traduit par to be. On notera l'emploi des divers temps en anglais

au présent: où sont les épreuves? elles sont révisées par le traducteur = where are the proofs? they are being revised by the translator; votre voiture est réparée = your car has been repaired; les portes sont repeintes chaque année = the doors are repainted every year

au passé: les épreuves ont été révisées en juin = the proofs were revised in June; les épreuves ont été révisées plusieurs fois = the proofs have been revised several times; les épreuves ont été révisées bien avant ma démission = the proofs had been revised long before I resigned

du passé dans les temps composés

être se traduit par to have si le temps est également composé en anglais - ce qui est beaucoup moins fréquent qu'en français (voir ci-dessus) - sauf avec naître. Dans certains contextes, on peut avoir: elles sont tombées = they have fallen; ils se sont enfuis = they have escaped; elle s'était vengée = she had taken her revenge

Les verbes traduits par une construction passive ou attributive en anglais ( se vendre = to be sold; s'indigner = to be indignant) suivent les mêmes règles au passé: tous les livres se sont vendus = all the books have been sold; elle se serait indignée = she would have been indignant

Noter que la forme pronominale à valeur passive est souvent mieux rendue en anglais par une forme intransitive: les livres se sont bien vendus = the books have sold well

être = aller

Lorsqu'il signifie aller, être se traduit par to be en anglais, mais seulement s'il est directement suivi d'un complément de lieu: je n'ai jamais été en Chine = I've never been to China. Suivi d'un infinitif, il se rend par to go to: il a été voir son ami = he's gone to see his friend; j'ai été manger au restaurant = I went to eat in the restaurant

Dans le sens de s'en aller, on notera les tournures recherchées: ils s'en furent au théâtre = they went to the theatre; ils s'en furent (déçus) = they left (disappointed)

c'est

interrogation

est-ce, ou sa variante plus familière c'est, se traduit généralement par is it: est-ce leur fils/voiture? = is it their son/car?; c'est grave? = is it serious?; c'est toi ou ton frère? = is it you or your brother?

Quand ce garde sa valeur démonstrative, l'anglais précise la référence: est-ce clair? = is that clear?; qui est-ce? ( en montrant une personne) = who is he/she?; et aussi = who is that?; mais, en parlant de quelqu'un qui vous appelle au téléphone, ou à quelqu'un qui frappe à la porte: = who is it?

est-ce n'est généralement pas traduit dans les tournures emphatiques ou permettant d'éviter l'inversion du sujet: est-ce que tu parles russe? = do you speak Russian?; est-ce leur fils, ce garçon? is this boy their son?; qui est-ce qui l'a fait? = who did it?; qui est-ce que tu as rencontré? = who did you meet?; quand/où est-ce que tu manges? = when/where do you eat?; qu'est-ce que c'est? = what is it?, ou, comme vu plus haut, = what is this/that? selon qu'on montre un objet proche ou éloigné

Néanmoins, la tournure emphatique est également possible en anglais dans certaines expressions: qu'est-ce que j'entends? = what's this I hear?; est-ce bien ce qu'il a voulu dire? = is that what he really meant?

affirmation

c'est se traduit, selon les contextes, it is ( it's), this is, that is ( that's): c'est facile ( de critiquer) = it's easy; (ce que tu me demandes, ce travail) = that's easy; c'est moi (réponse à ‘qui est-ce?’) = it's me; (réponse à ‘qui le fait?’) = I do; (réponse à ‘qui l'a fait?’) = I did; (pour me désigner sur une photo, ou comme étant le personnage dont il est question) = that's me ( traduit également ça, c'est moi); c'est Mme Fox (qui téléphone, réponse à ‘qui est-ce?’) = it's Mrs Fox; (réponse à ‘qui le fait?’) = Mrs Fox ou Mrs Fox does; (réponse à ‘qui l'a fait?’) = Mrs Fox did; (que je montre, dont vous voulez parler) = that's Mrs Fox; c'est eux, ce sont eux (qui sont là-bas, que je montre) = it's them; ( qui le font) = they do; ( qui l'ont fait) = they did; ( qui arrivent) = here they are; ce sont mes enfants ( que je vous présente) = these are my children; ( qui sont là-bas) = they are my children; c'est cela = that's right; c'est ça! tu crois que je vais faire le travail tout seul? = what's this! do you think I'm going to do the work all by myself?

Lorsqu'il reprend un nom, un infinitif ou une proposition qui le précède c'est se traduit seulement par is: une étoile, c'est un réacteur nucléaire = a star is a nuclear reactor; réussir, c'est une question de volonté = to succeed is a question of will; sortir par ce temps, c'est de la folie = going out in this weather is sheer madness; eux, ce sont mes amis = they are my friends

De même, lorsque c'est que reprend un groupe nominal ou une proposition, il se traduit simplement par is that: le comique, c'est que... = the funny thing is that... On trouvera en général cette tournure sous l'entrée appropriée, comme comique, fort, importer etc

Lorsque c'est que sert à donner une explication il se rend généralement, et selon le temps, par it is that, it was that, mais aussi, pour insister sur l'explication, par it is/was because: si j'ai fait ça, c'est que je ne pouvais pas faire autrement = if I did that, it was because I couldn't do otherwise. ce n'est pas que se traduit la plupart du temps it is/was not that (la contraction est it's not plutôt que it isn't): ce n'est pas qu'il soit bête, mais... = it's not that he is stupid, but...

En corrélation avec un pronom relatif, c'est peut soit garder sa valeur de présentatif (voir plus haut) et se rendre par that's: c'est le journaliste qui m'a interviewé/que nous avons rencontré/dont je te parlais = that's the journalist who interviewed me/(that) we met/I was telling you about; c'est le château où je suis né = that's the castle where I was born; c'est ce qui me fait croire que... = that's what makes me think that...; c'est justement ce que je disais = that's exactly what I was saying; soit constituer une tournure emphatique qui se rend en anglais selon la nuance: c'est de la même femme que nous parlons = we're talking about the same woman; c'était d'en parler devant elle qui me gênait = talking about it in front of her was what made me feel uneasy ou what made me feel uneasy was talking about it in front of her; c'est lui/Paul qui l'a cassé ( je le dénonce) = he/Paul broke it; ( je l'accuse) = he/Paul is the one who broke it; c'est mon frère qui l'a écrit = it was my brother who wrote it ou my brother's the one who wrote it; c'est de ta soeur que je parlais, pas de toi = it was your sister I was talking about, not you; c'est cette voiture qui m'intéresse = this is the car (that) I am interested in; c'est lui le coupable = he is the culprit; ce sont eux les meurtriers = they are the murderers

c'est à suivi d'un infinitif se traduit parfois par it is suivi de l'adjectif correspondant si cette même transformation est possible en français ( c'est à désespérer = c'est désespérant = it's hopeless), mais c'est rare, et il est conseillé de se reporter à l'infinitif en question ou à l'un des autres termes obtenus à partir de transformations semblables

c'est à... de faire (ou parfois à faire) se traduira de deux manières: c'est à Pierre/lui de choisir ( c'est son tour) it's Pierre's/his turn to choose; ( c'est sa responsabilité) it's up to Pierre/to him to choose

La notion de rivalité contenue dans c'est à qui suivi du futur doit être rendue explicite en anglais: c'est à qui proposera le plus de réformes = each is trying to suggest more reforms than the other; c'était à qui des deux aurait le dernier mot = they were each trying to get in the last word; c'était à qui trouverait le plus d'erreurs dans le texte = they were vying with each other to find the most mistakes in the text

c'est, équivalent de ça fait dans le compte d'une somme, se rend par it is: c'est 200 francs = it's 200 francs; c'est combien? = how much is it?

ce sera avec valeur modale de ce doit être se traduit it must be: ce sera mon professeur de piano = it must be my piano teacher

être = verbe impersonnel

il est facile de critiquer = it is easy to criticize; il serait nécessaire de faire = it would be necessary to do; il est des gens bizarres = there are some strange people; il n'est pas de jour/d'heure sans qu'il se plaigne = not a day/an hour goes by without him complaining

On se référera par ailleurs aux notes d'usage concernant l'heure et la date; voir aussi les entrées temps et fois

il est à suivi d'un infinitif se rend différemment, selon les nuances qu'imposent le contexte, par it must be, it has to be, it should be, it can be suivis du participe passé. Pour plus de sûreté, on se reportera à l'infinitif en question, où cette construction est généralement traitée

il est de suivi d'un substantif ou d'un groupe nominal se rend souvent par it is suivi directement d'un adjectif ou d'un substantif précédé d'un déterminant (article, pronom): il est de coutume de faire (ou qu'on fasse) = it is customary ou the custom to do; il est de notre responsabilité de faire = it is our responsibility to do; mais ce n'est pas une règle absolue, et il est préférable de consulter des entrées telles que goût, règle, notoriété etc pour avoir des traductions adéquates. Voir également 1 Voir également 1 ci-dessous pour des exemples supplémentaires

Emplois avec en

en être

Certains cas sont traités sous la rubrique ‘être = verbe impersonnel’; d'autres, expressions figées, le sont sous l'entrée appropriée; voir par exemple poche et frais pour en être de sa poche/pour ses frais. Enfin, quand l'antéc édent de en est exprimé dans la phrase, l'expression est traitée plus bas sous être de: où en étais-je? = where was I?; je ne sais plus où j'en suis = I'm lost; où en es-tu de tes recherches? - j'en suis à mi-chemin/au début = how far have you got in your research? - I'm halfway through/at the beginning; elle a eu plusieurs amants/accidents: elle en est à son quatrième = she has had several lovers/accidents: this is her fourth; j'en suis à me demander si... = I'm beginning to wonder whether...; j'en étais à ne pouvoir distinguer le vrai du faux = I got to the point where I couldn't distinguish between truth and falsehood

être en

Suivie d'un substantif représentant un vêtement, l'expression peut être traduite to be in, mais on consultera l'entrée appropriée pour s'en assurer. Si l'on dit to be in uniform ou éventuellement to be wearing a uniform pour être en uniforme, l'anglais préfère généralement to be wearing a suit à to be in a suit pour être en costume (de même pour robe, tailleur etc). Dans le cas d'un déguisement, on a to be dressed up as: être en pirate = to be dressed up as a pirate

emplois avec y

j'y suis ( je vous comprends) = I'm with you; ( plus général mais un peu familier) = I get it; je n'y suis pas ( je ne comprends pas) = I don't get it; vous y êtes? (vous comprenez?) = are you with me?; (vous êtes prêt(e)?) = are you ready?; 20000 francs? vous n'y êtes pas! = 20,000 francs? you're a long way out!; tu n'y es pas, c'est plus compliqué que ça = you don't realize, it's a lot more complicated than that. Voir aussi les entrées y, adverbe de lieu, et pour

être + prépositions

La plupart des cas ( être dans, sur, devant, pour, après, avec etc) sont traités sous la préposition correspondante. Ne sont retenus ici que les cas particuliers de être à et être de

être à

Les cas où l'on peut faire l'ellipse de être ou le remplacer par un autre verbe sont traités sous la préposition à; ceux de en être à sous la rubrique ‘en être’, et ceux de c'est à sous la rubrique ‘c'est’

Les emplois de être à suivi d'un groupe nominal et signifiant ‘tendre vers’ sont généralement traités sous le substantif approprié, comme temps, hausse, agonie etc dans les expressions le temps est à la pluie, être à la hausse, être à l'agonie. De même, quand être à signifie un état, c'est sous le substantif ou adjectif approprié, comme bout, disposition, quai, vif etc, qu'on trouvera la ou les traductions de l'expression correspondante

Suivi d'un infinitif et signifiant devoir être, être à peut généralement se traduire, en observant les mêmes nuances qu'avec devoir, par must be, have to be ou should be suivi du participe passé du verbe anglais. Il reste conseillé de consulter l'infinitif en question, comme plaindre, prendre etc. On en trouve également un traitement succint sous les rubriques ‘être = verbe impersonnel' et ‘c'est'

Au sens de appartenir à, l'anglais utilise to be suivi du cas possessif quand le possesseur est un être animé ou d'un pronom possessif si celui-ci est représent é par un pronom objet. Si le cas possessif n'est pas d'usage, on utilise de préférence to belong to: ce livre est à moi/à mon frère = this book is mine/my brother's; ces dictionnaires sont au service de traduction = these dictionaries belong to the translation department; à qui est ce chien? = who does this dog belong to? ou whose dog is this? Voir 2 ci-dessous pour des exemples supplémentaires

être de

Quand elle exprime un état ou une situation, la tournure être de suivie d'un substantif sans déterminant est traduite sous le substantif en question, notamment avis, garde, service etc. De même, certaines expressions où la présence de déterminant est variable, comme dans être de mauvaise foi/d'une incroyable mauvaise foi sont traitées sous l'entrée appropriée, en l'occurrence, foi; voir aussi humeur, massacrante, poil etc

La construction être d'un/d'une suivie d'un adjectif substantivé ou d'un substantif exprimant une qualité ou un défaut peut généralement être rendue par to be so suivi de l'adjectif correspondant en anglais, si le substantif est seul: elle est d'un ridicule/d'une prétention! = she's so ridiculous/so pretentious!; si le substantif est qualifié, l'adjectif devient généralement un adverbe en anglais: il est d'une exquise courtoisie/d'une incompétence rare = he's exquisitely courteous/exceptionally incompetent; mais il n'est pas inutile de vérifier les traductions des adjectifs et substantifs à leur entrée avant de rendre cette construction

Au sens de participer à, faire partie de, la tournure être de se traduit de façon très variable (voir aussi partie): il est des nôtres ( il vient avec nous) = he's with us; (il est de notre clan, agit et pense comme nous) = he's one of us; serez-vous des nôtres? = will you be (coming) with us?; êtes-vous des nôtres? = are you coming with us? (ici, coming est nécessaire, pour éviter l'ambiguïté de are you with us?); les journalistes ne sont pas/ne seront pas du voyage = the journalists aren't coming/won't be coming on the trip; ils ont organisé une expédition mais je n'en étais pas = they organized an expedition but I wasn't part of it; il y avait un congrès mais il n'en était pas = there was a congress but he didn't take part

Suivi d'un infinitif et précédé de noms abstraits avec l'article défini ( l'idéal, l'essentiel etc) ou de superlatifs ( le plus simple), être de se traduit généralement par to be suivi de l'infinitif avec to: le plus simple serait de tout recommencer = the simplest thing to do would be to start all over again

II ɛtʀ
nom masculin

1) ( organisme vivant) being

être humain — human being

les êtres animés et inanimés — animate and inanimate things

les êtres et les choses — living things and objects

un être sans défense — a defenceless [BrE] creature

2) ( personne) person

un être d'exception — an exceptional person

un être cher or aimé — a loved one

un être sensible — a sensitive soul

3) ( nature intime) being

de tout son être — with one's whole being

blessé au plus profond de son être — hurt to the core

4) Philosophie

l'être — being

••

être I

Généralités

Dans la plupart des situations exprimant l'existence, l'identité, la localisation, la qualité, être sera traduit par to be: je pense donc je suis = I think therefore I am; le soleil est une étoile = the sun is a star; j'étais chez moi = I was at home; l'eau est froide = the water is cold

Les locutions figées contenant être sont traitées sous l'entrée appropriée. Ainsi être en train de/sur le point de/hors de soi etc sont respectivement sous train, point, hors etc; comme si de rien n'était et quoi qu'il en soit sous comme et quoi. De même, les expressions avec si et les questions commençant par que sont traitées sous si et que, à part qu'est-ce à dire?, que l'on trouvera sous dire. Selon le même principe, l'emploi facultatif de étant après considérer comme et présenter comme est traité sous ces verbes; étant donné (que) et étant entendu que sont sous donné et entendu. La plupart des autres emplois de étant se traduisent par being: cela (ou ceci) étant = this being so. En revanche, c'est-à-dire, n'est-ce pas, peut-être et soit sont des entrées à part entière, traitées à leur place dans le dictionnaire

Par ailleurs, on consultera utilement les notes d'usage répertoriées, notamment pour l'expression de l'heure, la date, les nationalités, les professions, les nombres etc

être = verbe auxiliaire

de la voix passive

être auxiliaire de la voix passive se traduit par to be. On notera l'emploi des divers temps en anglais

au présent: où sont les épreuves? elles sont révisées par le traducteur = where are the proofs? they are being revised by the translator; votre voiture est réparée = your car has been repaired; les portes sont repeintes chaque année = the doors are repainted every year

au passé: les épreuves ont été révisées en juin = the proofs were revised in June; les épreuves ont été révisées plusieurs fois = the proofs have been revised several times; les épreuves ont été révisées bien avant ma démission = the proofs had been revised long before I resigned

du passé dans les temps composés

être se traduit par to have si le temps est également composé en anglais - ce qui est beaucoup moins fréquent qu'en français (voir ci-dessus) - sauf avec naître. Dans certains contextes, on peut avoir: elles sont tombées = they have fallen; ils se sont enfuis = they have escaped; elle s'était vengée = she had taken her revenge

Les verbes traduits par une construction passive ou attributive en anglais ( se vendre = to be sold; s'indigner = to be indignant) suivent les mêmes règles au passé: tous les livres se sont vendus = all the books have been sold; elle se serait indignée = she would have been indignant

Noter que la forme pronominale à valeur passive est souvent mieux rendue en anglais par une forme intransitive: les livres se sont bien vendus = the books have sold well

être = aller

Lorsqu'il signifie aller, être se traduit par to be en anglais, mais seulement s'il est directement suivi d'un complément de lieu: je n'ai jamais été en Chine = I've never been to China. Suivi d'un infinitif, il se rend par to go to: il a été voir son ami = he's gone to see his friend; j'ai été manger au restaurant = I went to eat in the restaurant

Dans le sens de s'en aller, on notera les tournures recherchées: ils s'en furent au théâtre = they went to the theatre; ils s'en furent (déçus) = they left (disappointed)

c'est

interrogation

est-ce, ou sa variante plus familière c'est, se traduit généralement par is it: est-ce leur fils/voiture? = is it their son/car?; c'est grave? = is it serious?; c'est toi ou ton frère? = is it you or your brother?

Quand ce garde sa valeur démonstrative, l'anglais précise la référence: est-ce clair? = is that clear?; qui est-ce? ( en montrant une personne) = who is he/she?; et aussi = who is that?; mais, en parlant de quelqu'un qui vous appelle au téléphone, ou à quelqu'un qui frappe à la porte: = who is it?

est-ce n'est généralement pas traduit dans les tournures emphatiques ou permettant d'éviter l'inversion du sujet: est-ce que tu parles russe? = do you speak Russian?; est-ce leur fils, ce garçon? is this boy their son?; qui est-ce qui l'a fait? = who did it?; qui est-ce que tu as rencontré? = who did you meet?; quand/où est-ce que tu manges? = when/where do you eat?; qu'est-ce que c'est? = what is it?, ou, comme vu plus haut, = what is this/that? selon qu'on montre un objet proche ou éloigné

Néanmoins, la tournure emphatique est également possible en anglais dans certaines expressions: qu'est-ce que j'entends? = what's this I hear?; est-ce bien ce qu'il a voulu dire? = is that what he really meant?

affirmation

c'est se traduit, selon les contextes, it is ( it's), this is, that is ( that's): c'est facile ( de critiquer) = it's easy; (ce que tu me demandes, ce travail) = that's easy; c'est moi (réponse à ‘qui est-ce?’) = it's me; (réponse à ‘qui le fait?’) = I do; (réponse à ‘qui l'a fait?’) = I did; (pour me désigner sur une photo, ou comme étant le personnage dont il est question) = that's me ( traduit également ça, c'est moi); c'est Mme Fox (qui téléphone, réponse à ‘qui est-ce?’) = it's Mrs Fox; (réponse à ‘qui le fait?’) = Mrs Fox ou Mrs Fox does; (réponse à ‘qui l'a fait?’) = Mrs Fox did; (que je montre, dont vous voulez parler) = that's Mrs Fox; c'est eux, ce sont eux (qui sont là-bas, que je montre) = it's them; ( qui le font) = they do; ( qui l'ont fait) = they did; ( qui arrivent) = here they are; ce sont mes enfants ( que je vous présente) = these are my children; ( qui sont là-bas) = they are my children; c'est cela = that's right; c'est ça! tu crois que je vais faire le travail tout seul? = what's this! do you think I'm going to do the work all by myself?

Lorsqu'il reprend un nom, un infinitif ou une proposition qui le précède c'est se traduit seulement par is: une étoile, c'est un réacteur nucléaire = a star is a nuclear reactor; réussir, c'est une question de volonté = to succeed is a question of will; sortir par ce temps, c'est de la folie = going out in this weather is sheer madness; eux, ce sont mes amis = they are my friends

De même, lorsque c'est que reprend un groupe nominal ou une proposition, il se traduit simplement par is that: le comique, c'est que... = the funny thing is that... On trouvera en général cette tournure sous l'entrée appropriée, comme comique, fort, importer etc

Lorsque c'est que sert à donner une explication il se rend généralement, et selon le temps, par it is that, it was that, mais aussi, pour insister sur l'explication, par it is/was because: si j'ai fait ça, c'est que je ne pouvais pas faire autrement = if I did that, it was because I couldn't do otherwise. ce n'est pas que se traduit la plupart du temps it is/was not that (la contraction est it's not plutôt que it isn't): ce n'est pas qu'il soit bête, mais... = it's not that he is stupid, but...

En corrélation avec un pronom relatif, c'est peut soit garder sa valeur de présentatif (voir plus haut) et se rendre par that's: c'est le journaliste qui m'a interviewé/que nous avons rencontré/dont je te parlais = that's the journalist who interviewed me/(that) we met/I was telling you about; c'est le château où je suis né = that's the castle where I was born; c'est ce qui me fait croire que... = that's what makes me think that...; c'est justement ce que je disais = that's exactly what I was saying; soit constituer une tournure emphatique qui se rend en anglais selon la nuance: c'est de la même femme que nous parlons = we're talking about the same woman; c'était d'en parler devant elle qui me gênait = talking about it in front of her was what made me feel uneasy ou what made me feel uneasy was talking about it in front of her; c'est lui/Paul qui l'a cassé ( je le dénonce) = he/Paul broke it; ( je l'accuse) = he/Paul is the one who broke it; c'est mon frère qui l'a écrit = it was my brother who wrote it ou my brother's the one who wrote it; c'est de ta soeur que je parlais, pas de toi = it was your sister I was talking about, not you; c'est cette voiture qui m'intéresse = this is the car (that) I am interested in; c'est lui le coupable = he is the culprit; ce sont eux les meurtriers = they are the murderers

c'est à suivi d'un infinitif se traduit parfois par it is suivi de l'adjectif correspondant si cette même transformation est possible en français ( c'est à désespérer = c'est désespérant = it's hopeless), mais c'est rare, et il est conseillé de se reporter à l'infinitif en question ou à l'un des autres termes obtenus à partir de transformations semblables

c'est à... de faire (ou parfois à faire) se traduira de deux manières: c'est à Pierre/lui de choisir ( c'est son tour) it's Pierre's/his turn to choose; ( c'est sa responsabilité) it's up to Pierre/to him to choose

La notion de rivalité contenue dans c'est à qui suivi du futur doit être rendue explicite en anglais: c'est à qui proposera le plus de réformes = each is trying to suggest more reforms than the other; c'était à qui des deux aurait le dernier mot = they were each trying to get in the last word; c'était à qui trouverait le plus d'erreurs dans le texte = they were vying with each other to find the most mistakes in the text

c'est, équivalent de ça fait dans le compte d'une somme, se rend par it is: c'est 200 francs = it's 200 francs; c'est combien? = how much is it?

ce sera avec valeur modale de ce doit être se traduit it must be: ce sera mon professeur de piano = it must be my piano teacher

être = verbe impersonnel

il est facile de critiquer = it is easy to criticize; il serait nécessaire de faire = it would be necessary to do; il est des gens bizarres = there are some strange people; il n'est pas de jour/d'heure sans qu'il se plaigne = not a day/an hour goes by without him complaining

On se référera par ailleurs aux notes d'usage concernant l'heure et la date; voir aussi les entrées temps et fois

il est à suivi d'un infinitif se rend différemment, selon les nuances qu'imposent le contexte, par it must be, it has to be, it should be, it can be suivis du participe passé. Pour plus de sûreté, on se reportera à l'infinitif en question, où cette construction est généralement traitée

il est de suivi d'un substantif ou d'un groupe nominal se rend souvent par it is suivi directement d'un adjectif ou d'un substantif précédé d'un déterminant (article, pronom): il est de coutume de faire (ou qu'on fasse) = it is customary ou the custom to do; il est de notre responsabilité de faire = it is our responsibility to do; mais ce n'est pas une règle absolue, et il est préférable de consulter des entrées telles que goût, règle, notoriété etc pour avoir des traductions adéquates. Voir également 1 Voir également 1 ci-dessous pour des exemples supplémentaires

Emplois avec en

en être

Certains cas sont traités sous la rubrique ‘être = verbe impersonnel’; d'autres, expressions figées, le sont sous l'entrée appropriée; voir par exemple poche et frais pour en être de sa poche/pour ses frais. Enfin, quand l'antéc édent de en est exprimé dans la phrase, l'expression est traitée plus bas sous être de: où en étais-je? = where was I?; je ne sais plus où j'en suis = I'm lost; où en es-tu de tes recherches? - j'en suis à mi-chemin/au début = how far have you got in your research? - I'm halfway through/at the beginning; elle a eu plusieurs amants/accidents: elle en est à son quatrième = she has had several lovers/accidents: this is her fourth; j'en suis à me demander si... = I'm beginning to wonder whether...; j'en étais à ne pouvoir distinguer le vrai du faux = I got to the point where I couldn't distinguish between truth and falsehood

être en

Suivie d'un substantif représentant un vêtement, l'expression peut être traduite to be in, mais on consultera l'entrée appropriée pour s'en assurer. Si l'on dit to be in uniform ou éventuellement to be wearing a uniform pour être en uniforme, l'anglais préfère généralement to be wearing a suit à to be in a suit pour être en costume (de même pour robe, tailleur etc). Dans le cas d'un déguisement, on a to be dressed up as: être en pirate = to be dressed up as a pirate

emplois avec y

j'y suis ( je vous comprends) = I'm with you; ( plus général mais un peu familier) = I get it; je n'y suis pas ( je ne comprends pas) = I don't get it; vous y êtes? (vous comprenez?) = are you with me?; (vous êtes prêt(e)?) = are you ready?; 20000 francs? vous n'y êtes pas! = 20,000 francs? you're a long way out!; tu n'y es pas, c'est plus compliqué que ça = you don't realize, it's a lot more complicated than that. Voir aussi les entrées y, adverbe de lieu, et pour

être + prépositions

La plupart des cas ( être dans, sur, devant, pour, après, avec etc) sont traités sous la préposition correspondante. Ne sont retenus ici que les cas particuliers de être à et être de

être à

Les cas où l'on peut faire l'ellipse de être ou le remplacer par un autre verbe sont traités sous la préposition à; ceux de en être à sous la rubrique ‘en être’, et ceux de c'est à sous la rubrique ‘c'est’

Les emplois de être à suivi d'un groupe nominal et signifiant ‘tendre vers’ sont généralement traités sous le substantif approprié, comme temps, hausse, agonie etc dans les expressions le temps est à la pluie, être à la hausse, être à l'agonie. De même, quand être à signifie un état, c'est sous le substantif ou adjectif approprié, comme bout, disposition, quai, vif etc, qu'on trouvera la ou les traductions de l'expression correspondante

Suivi d'un infinitif et signifiant devoir être, être à peut généralement se traduire, en observant les mêmes nuances qu'avec devoir, par must be, have to be ou should be suivi du participe passé du verbe anglais. Il reste conseillé de consulter l'infinitif en question, comme plaindre, prendre etc. On en trouve également un traitement succint sous les rubriques ‘être = verbe impersonnel' et ‘c'est'

Au sens de appartenir à, l'anglais utilise to be suivi du cas possessif quand le possesseur est un être animé ou d'un pronom possessif si celui-ci est représent é par un pronom objet. Si le cas possessif n'est pas d'usage, on utilise de préférence to belong to: ce livre est à moi/à mon frère = this book is mine/my brother's; ces dictionnaires sont au service de traduction = these dictionaries belong to the translation department; à qui est ce chien? = who does this dog belong to? ou whose dog is this? Voir 2 ci-dessous pour des exemples supplémentaires

être de

Quand elle exprime un état ou une situation, la tournure être de suivie d'un substantif sans déterminant est traduite sous le substantif en question, notamment avis, garde, service etc. De même, certaines expressions où la présence de déterminant est variable, comme dans être de mauvaise foi/d'une incroyable mauvaise foi sont traitées sous l'entrée appropriée, en l'occurrence, foi; voir aussi humeur, massacrante, poil etc

La construction être d'un/d'une suivie d'un adjectif substantivé ou d'un substantif exprimant une qualité ou un défaut peut généralement être rendue par to be so suivi de l'adjectif correspondant en anglais, si le substantif est seul: elle est d'un ridicule/d'une prétention! = she's so ridiculous/so pretentious!; si le substantif est qualifié, l'adjectif devient généralement un adverbe en anglais: il est d'une exquise courtoisie/d'une incompétence rare = he's exquisitely courteous/exceptionally incompetent; mais il n'est pas inutile de vérifier les traductions des adjectifs et substantifs à leur entrée avant de rendre cette construction

Au sens de participer à, faire partie de, la tournure être de se traduit de façon très variable (voir aussi partie): il est des nôtres ( il vient avec nous) = he's with us; (il est de notre clan, agit et pense comme nous) = he's one of us; serez-vous des nôtres? = will you be (coming) with us?; êtes-vous des nôtres? = are you coming with us? (ici, coming est nécessaire, pour éviter l'ambiguïté de are you with us?); les journalistes ne sont pas/ne seront pas du voyage = the journalists aren't coming/won't be coming on the trip; ils ont organisé une expédition mais je n'en étais pas = they organized an expedition but I wasn't part of it; il y avait un congrès mais il n'en était pas = there was a congress but he didn't take part

Suivi d'un infinitif et précédé de noms abstraits avec l'article défini ( l'idéal, l'essentiel etc) ou de superlatifs ( le plus simple), être de se traduit généralement par to be suivi de l'infinitif avec to: le plus simple serait de tout recommencer = the simplest thing to do would be to start all over again

* * *
ɛtʀ
1. nm

being

être humain — human being

2. vb (avec attribut)

1) (état, description) to be

Il est instituteur. — He's a teacher.

Vous êtes grand. — You're tall.

Vous êtes fatigué. — You're tired.

Je suis heureux. — I'm happy.

C'est moi! — It's me!

2) (appartenance)

être à qn — to be sb's, to belong to sb

Ce livre est à Paul. — This book is Paul's., This book belongs to Paul.

C'est à moi. — It's mine.

C'est à eux. — It's theirs.

C'est à lui de le faire. — It's up to him to do it.

3) (origine)

être de — to be from

Il est de Paris. — He is from Paris.

Il est des nôtres. — He is one of us.

4) (obligation, but)

être à (+ infinitif) C'est à réparer. — It needs repairing.

C'est à essayer. — You should try it.

Il est à espérer que... — It is to be hoped that...

3. vi

1) (= se trouver) to be

Je ne serai pas ici demain. — I won't be here tomorrow.

2) (date)

Nous sommes le 10 janvier. — It's the 10th of January., Today is the 10th of January.

3) (= faire partie) to be

être de ceux qui... — to be one of those who...

Il voulait en être. — He wanted to be part of it.

4) (= exister) to be

être ou ne pas être... — to be or not to be...

5) (autres locutions)

en être à qch (= avoir atteint) — to have got to sth, to have got as far as sth, (= être réduit à) to be reduced to sth

Nous en étions au dessert. — We had got to the dessert., We had got as far as dessert.

Il en est à faire des ménages pour vivre. — He's been reduced to doing cleaning jobs to earn a living.

en être pour ses frais — to get nothing for one's trouble

4. vb aux

1) (dans verbes composés) to have

être arrivé — to have arrived

être allé — to have gone

Il est parti. — He has left., He has gone.

Il n'est pas encore arrivé. — He hasn't arrived yet.

2) (forme passive) to be

être fait par — to be made by

Il a été promu. — He has been promoted.

5. vb impers

1) (avec attribut)

il est... — it is...

Il est impossible de le faire. — It's impossible to do it.

2) (pour dire l'heure)

Il est 10 heures. — It's 10 o'clock.

See:

est-ce que,

n'est-ce pas,

c'est-à-dire,

ce

* * *

I.

être ⇒ Note d'usage verb table: être vi

1 il n'est pas jusqu'à l'Antarctique qui ne soit pollué even the Antarctic is polluted; il en est de Pierre comme de Paul it is the same with Pierre as with Paul; voilà ce qu'il en est ( présentation) this is how it is; ( conclusion) that's how it is; il n'en est rien this isn't at all the case; il en sera toujours ainsi it will always be so; il en a été de même it was the same; qu'en est-il de…? what's the news on…?;

2 je suis à vous tout de suite/dans un instant I'll be with you right away/in a minute; je suis à vous I'm all yours; être à ce qu'on fait to have one's mind on what one is doing; elle est toujours à se plaindre she's always complaining;

3 il n'est plus euph he's no longer with us; ce temps n'est plus those days are gone; ces traditions ne sont plus these traditions are things of the past; fût-il duc/en cristal even if he were a duke/it were made of crystal, even were he a duke/were it made of crystal; n'était leur grand âge were it not for their advanced age, if it were not for their advanced age; ne serait-ce qu'en faisant if only by doing; ne fût-ce que pour la soulager/qu'un instant if only to relieve her/for a moment; fût-ce pour des raisons humanitaires if only on humanitarian grounds.

Idiome

on ne peut pas être et avoir été Prov you can't stay young forever.

II.

être nm

1 ( organisme vivant) being; être humain/vivant/surnaturel human/living/supernatural being; les êtres animés et inanimés animate and inanimate things; les êtres et les choses living things and objects; un être sans défense a defenceless^GB creature; ces plantes sont des êtres inférieurs these plants are inferior life-forms;

2 ( personne) person; un être d'exception an exceptional person; un être faible et timoré a weak and timorous person; les êtres qui doutent people who doubt; l'amitié entre deux êtres friendship between two people; un être cher or aimé a loved one; ce sont des êtres simples they're simple beings ou souls; son mari est un être sensible her husband is a sensitive soul;

3 ( nature intime) being; de tout son être [détester, souhaiter] with one's whole being; au fond de son être, elle savait que in the core of her being, she knew that; blessé au plus profond de son être hurt to the core; les êtres contradictoires qui vous habitent the conflicting selves within you;

4 Philos l'être being.

I

[ɛtr] nom masculin

1. BIOLOGIE & PHILOSOPHIE being

l'être PHILOSOPHIE being

être humain human being

être de raison rational being

être vivant living thing

2. RELIGION

l'être éternel ou infini ou suprême the Supreme Being

3. [personne] person

un être cher a loved one

4. [cœur, âme] being, heart, soul

je le crois de tout mon être I believe it with all my heart

II

[ɛtr] verbe intransitif

A.[EXPRIME L'EXISTENCE, LA RÉALITÉ]

1. [exister] to be, to exist

ne nie pas ce qui est don't deny the facts

si Dieu est if God exists

si cela est if (it is) so

mon fils n'est plus (littéraire) my son is no more (littéraire) ou has died ou passed away

la nounou la plus patiente qui soit the most patient nanny that ever was ou in the world

le plus petit ordinateur qui soit the tiniest computer ever

être ou ne pas être to be or not to be

on ne peut pas être et avoir été you only live once

2. MATHÉMATIQUES

soit une droite AB let AB be a straight line

B.[RELIE L'ATTRIBUT, LE COMPLÉMENT AU SUJET]

1. [suivi d'un attribut] to be

elle est professeur she's a teacher

je ne te le prêterai pas! — comment ou comme tu es! (familier) I won't lend it to you! — you see what you're like!

je suis comme je suis I am what I am

Bruno/ce rôle est tout pour moi Bruno/this part means everything to me

elle n'est plus rien pour lui she no longer matters to him

elle n'est plus ce qu'elle était she's not what she used to be

qui était-ce? who was it?

2. [suivi d'une préposition]

être à [se trouver à]: être à l'hôpital to be in hospital

je suis à la gare I'm at the station

cela fait longtemps que je ne suis plus à Paris I left Paris a long time ago

j'y suis, j'y reste here I am and here I stay

je n'y suis pour personne

a. [à la maison] I'm not at home for anyone

b. [au bureau] I won't see anybody

je suis à vous dans un instant I'll be with you in a moment

je suis à vous [je vous écoute] I'm all yours

la Sardaigne est au sud de la Corse Sardinia is (situated) south of Corsica

tout le monde est à la page 15/au chapitre 9? is everybody at page 15/chapter 9?

vous êtes (bien) au 01.40.06.24.08 this is 01 40 06 24 08

nous ne sommes qu'au début du tournoi the tournament has just started

être à [appartenir à]: ce livre est à moi the book's mine

être à [être occupé à]: il est tout à son travail he's busy with his work

être à [être en train de]: il est toujours à me questionner he's always asking me questions

être de [provenir de] to be from, to come from

être de [dater de]: l'église est du XVI^e the church is from ou dates back to the 16th century

la lettre est du 12 the letter's dated the 12th

les œufs sont d'hier the eggs were laid yesterday

être de [appartenir à] to belong to, to be a member of

Bruno est de sa famille Bruno is a member of her family ou is a relative of hers

être de [participer à]: je suis de mariage le mois prochain I've got (to go to) a wedding next month

qui est de corvée de vaisselle? who's on washing-up duty?

être de [se joindre à]: acceptez-vous d'être (un) des nôtres? would you care to join us?

être en [lieu]: être en prison/en France to be in prison/in France

être en [matériau]: la table est en chêne the table is made of oak

être en [pour exprimer l'état]: être en bonne santé to be in good health

les dossiers qui sont en attente the pending files

être sans: vous n'êtes pas sans savoir que... I'm sure you're aware that...

en être à: le projet n'en est qu'au début the project has only just started

où en es-tu avec Michel? how is it going with Michel?

j'en suis au moment où il découvre le trésor I've got to the part ou the bit where he discovers the treasure

où en étais-je? [après une interruption dans une conversation] where was I ?

où en sont les travaux? how's the work coming along?

en être à faire quelque chose: j'en suis à me demander si... I'm beginning to wonder if...

tu en es encore à lui chercher des excuses! — oh non, je n'en suis plus là! you're still trying to find excuses for him! — oh no, I'm past that!

ne plus savoir où l'on en est: je ne sais plus du tout où j'en suis dans tous ces calculs I don't know where I am any more with all these calculations

j'ai besoin de faire le point, je ne sais plus où j'en suis I've got to take stock, I've completely lost track of everything

y être [être prêt]: tout le monde y est? is everyone ready?

y être [comprendre]: tu te souviens bien de Marie, une petite brune! — ah, oui, j'y suis maintenant! but you must remember Marie, a brunette! — oh yes, I'm with you now!

je n'y suis pas du tout! I'm lost!

mais non, vous n'y êtes pas du tout! you don't understand!

en être (familier) , être de ceux-là (familier) [être homosexuel] to be one of them

3. [dans l'expression du temps] to be

nous sommes le 8/jeudi today is the 8th/Thursday

quel jour sommes-nous? what day is it today?

on était en avril it was April

C.[SUBSTITUT DE ALLER, PARTIR] to go

tu y as déjà été? have you already been there?

elle s'en fut lui porter la lettre (littéraire) she went to take him the letter

————————

[ɛtr] verbe impersonnel

1. [exister]

il est [il y a] (suivi d'un singulier) there is

(suivi d'un pluriel) there are

il était une fois un prince... once (upon a time) there was a prince...

s'il en est: un escroc s'il en est a crook if ever there was one

2. [pour exprimer l'heure]

il est 5 h it's 5 o'clock

quelle heure est-il? what time is it?

3. (soutenu & locution)

il en est ainsi de toutes les démocraties that's how it is in all democracies

on a dit que vous vouliez démissionner — il n'en est rien it was rumoured you wanted to resign — that's not true

il n'est que de: il n'est que de lire les journaux pour s'en rendre compte you only have to read the newspapers to be aware of it

————————

[ɛtr] verbe auxiliaire

1. [sert à former les temps composés]

je suis/j'étais descendu I came/had come down

serais-tu resté? would you have stayed?

2. [sert à former le passif]

des arbres ont été déterrés par la tempête trees were uprooted during the storm

3. [sert à exprimer une obligation]

ce dossier est à préparer pour lundi the file must be ready for Monday

cela est à prouver we have no proof of that yet

cela étant locution adverbiale

[dans ces circonstances] things being what they are

[cela dit] having said that

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > être

75 mereo

mĕrĕo, ŭi, ĭtum, 2, v. a., and mĕrĕor, ĭtus, 2, v. dep. [cf. Gr. meros, meiromai, moros, etc.; hence, to receive one's share; cf. II. below], to deserve, merit, to be entitled to, be worthy of a thing; constr. with acc., with ut, with ne, with inf., and absol.
I.
In gen.
(α).
With acc.:
mereri praemia,
Caes. B. G. 7, 34:
laudem,
id. ib. 1, 40, 5; Cic. Div. in Caecil. 18, 60:
nec minimum decus,
Hor. A. P. 286:
amorem,
Quint. 6 prooem.:
favorem aut odium,
id. 4, 1, 44:
gratiam nullam,
Liv. 45, 24, 7; Quint. 4, 9, 32:
fidem,
Vell. 2, 104 fin.:
summum honorem,
Juv. 6, 532:
supplicium,
id. 6, 219.—
(β).
With ut:
respondit, sese meruisse, ut decoraretur,
Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 232.—
(γ).
With ne:
mereri, ne quis,
Plin. 35, 2, 2, § 8.—
(δ).
With inf.:
quae merui vitio perdere cuncta meo,
Ov. Tr. 5, 11, 16:
credi,
Quint. 10, 1, 72:
sanctus haberi,
Juv. 8, 25.—
(ε).
Absol.:
dignitatem meam, si mereor, tuearis,
if I deserve it, Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 3.—In a bad sense:
meruisse supplicium,
Ov. M. 5, 666.—
II.
In partic.
A.
To earn, gain, get, obtain, acquire:
quid meres? quantillo argenti te conduxit Pseudulus?
Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 95: iste, qui meret HS. vicenos, Varr. ap. Non. 4, 296: non amplius duodecim aeris, Cic. [p. 1136] Rosc. Com. 10, 28:
ne minus gratiae praecipiendo recta quam offensae reprendendo prava mereamur,
Quint. 4, 2, 39:
nomen patronorum,
id. 6, 4, 5:
indulgentiam, principis ingenio,
Tac. Dial. 9 fin.:
nomen gloriamque merere,
id. H. 2, 37:
famam,
id. ib. 2, 31; id. A. 15, 6:
ancillā natus diadema Quirini meruit,
Juv. 8, 260:
odium,
Caes. B. G. 6, 5, 3:
quantum quisque uno die mereret,
Suet. Calig. 40 fin.:
aera,
Hor. A. P. 345. —With ut (rare): quem ego ut non excruciem, alterum tantum auri non meream, would not give up torturing him for, etc., Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 65: neque ille sibi mereat Persarum montes... ut istuc faciat, would not do it for, etc., id. Stich. 1, 1, 24.—
B.
To get by purchase, to buy, purchase:
uxores, quae vos dote meruerunt,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 124:
quid arbitramini Rheginos merere velle, ut ab eis marmorea Venus illa auferatur?
what do you think they would take? for what price would they let it be carried away? Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 60, § 135:
gloriam,
Plin. Ep. 1, 8, 13:
legatum a creditore,
Dig. 35, 2, 21:
noxam,
Petr. 139:
quid Minyae meruere queri?
to have reason, cause, Val. Fl. 1, 519.—
C.
In milit. lang., mereri and merere stipendia, or simply merere (lit., to earn pay), to serve for pay, to serve as a soldier, serve in the army:
mereri stipendia,
Cic. Cael. 5, 11:
meruit stipendia in eo bello,
id. Mur. 5, 12:
adulescens patre suo imperatore meruit,
id. ib.:
complures annos,
Caes. B. G. 7, 17:
triennio sub Hannibale,
Liv. 21, 4 fin.:
Romanis in castris,
Tac. A. 2, 10:
in Thracia,
Suet. Vesp. 2:
merere equo,
to serve on horseback, in the cavalry, Cic. Phil. 1, 8, 20:
merere pedibus,
to serve on foot, in the infantry, Liv. 24, 18: mereri aere (al. equo) publico, Varr. ap. Non. 345, 2.—
D.
Mereri (ante-class., merere) de aliquo, or de aliquā re, to deserve or merit any thing of one, to behave in any manner towards one, in a good or bad sense (in Plaut. also with erga):
te ego, ut digna es, perdam, atque ut de me meres,
Plaut. As. 1, 2, 22:
ut erga me est merita,
id. Am. 5, 1, 49:
nam de te neque re neque verbis merui, ut faceres quod facis,
id. Aul. 2, 2, 45: saepe (erga me;
sc. illam) meritam quod vellem scio,
that she has often treated me as I desired, Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 37.—Esp.: bene, male, optime, etc., mereri, to deserve well, ill, etc.:
de mendico male meretur, qui ei dat, etc.,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 58:
de re publicā bene mereri,
Cic. Fam. 10, 5, 2:
de populi Romani nomine,
id. Brut. 73, 254:
melius de quibusdam acerbos inimicos mereri, quam eos amicos, qui dulces videantur,
id. Lael. 24, 90:
de re publica meruisse optime,
id. Att. 10, 4, 5:
perniciosius de re publicā merentur vitiosi principes,
id. Leg. 3, 14, 32:
stet haec urbs praeclara, quoquo modo merita de me erit,
id. Mil. 34, 93:
Paulus, qui nihil meruit,
i. e. was innocent, Lact. 2, 16, 17:
ita se omni tempore de populo Romano meritos esse, ut,
Caes. B. G. 1, 11:
Caesarem imperatorem bene de republicā meritum,
deserving well, id. B. C. 1, 13:
optime cum de se meritum judicabat,
id. ib. 3, 99:
milites mirifice de re publicā meriti,
Cic. Fam. 12, 12, 3:
homines de me divinitus meriti,
id. Red. in Sen. 12, 30; cf.:
te ego ut digna's perdam atque ut de me meres,
Plaut. As. 1, 2, 22.— Hence,
1.
mĕrens, entis, P. a., that deserves or merits any thing; in a good sense, deserving; in a bad sense, guilty; that has rendered himself deserving towards any one or of any thing; with de, rarely with dat.; esp. with bene, well-deserving (mostly poet. and post-class.):
consul laudare, increpare merentes,
Sall. J. 100:
laurea decreta merenti,
Ov. P. 2, 2, 91: quem periisse, ita de re publicā merentem, doleo, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 344, 23; so Inscr. Grut. 933, 5.— With dat.:
quando tu me bene merentem tibi habes despicatui,
Plaut. Men. 4, 3, 19.— In sup.: HOMINI BENE MERENTISSIMO, Inscr. Rein. cl. 16, 8; Inscr. Grut. 932, 7; ib. 1129, 3.—
2.
mĕrĭtus, a, um, P. a.
a.
Deserving:
meriti juvenci,
Verg. G. 2, 515.— Sup.: filiae meritissimae, Inscr. Rein. cl. 5, 35. —
b.
Pass., deserved, due, fit, just, proper, right:
ignarus, laus an poena merita esset,
Liv. 8, 7:
triumphus,
id. 39, 4, 6:
iracundiam, neque eam injustam, sed meritam ac debitam fuisse,
just, Cic. de Or. 2, 50, 203:
mors,
Verg. A 4, 696: noxia, committed, perpetrated, Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 1: meritis de causis, for merited, i. e. just reasons, Dig. 48, 20.— Sup.:
famā optimā et meritissimā frui,
Plin. Ep. 5, 15.—Hence,
3.
mĕrĭtum, i, n.
a.
That which one deserves, desert; in a good sense, reward, recompense; in a bad sense, punishment (only ante- and postclass.):
nihil suave meritum est,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 75:
specta denique, quale caelesti providentia meritum reportaverit,
reward, punishment, App. M. 8, p. 214:
delictorum,
Tert. Apol. 21.—
b.
That by which one deserves any thing of another, a merit; esp. in a good sense, a service, kindness, benefit, favor (class.):
propter eorum (militum) divinum atque immortale meritum,
Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14:
pro singulari eorum merito,
id. Cat. 3, 6, 15:
magnitudo tuorum erga me meritorum,
id. Fam. 1, 1, 1:
et hercule merito tuo feci,
according to your merits, as you deserved, id. Att. 5, 11, 6:
pro ingentibus meritis praemia acceperant,
Tac. A. 14, 53:
recordatio ingentium meritorum,
Liv. 39, 49, 11; Curt. 8, 3, 14; Suet. Ner. 3; Sen. Ben. 3, 8, 2.—In Plaut. also in the sup.:
meritissimo ejus, quae volet faciemus,
on account of his great merit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 147:
merita dare et recipere,
Cic. Lael. 8, 26:
magna ejus sunt in me non dico officia, sed merita,
id. Fam. 11, 17, 1.—Also demerit, blame, fault:
Caesar, qui a me nullo meo merito alienus esse debebat,
without any fault of mine, id. Sest. 17, 39:
nullo meo in se merito,
although I am guilty of no offence against him, Liv. 40, 15:
leniter, ex merito quicquid patiare, ferendum est,
Ov. H. 5, 7:
ex cujusque merito scio me fecisse,
Liv. 26, 31, 9:
quosdam punivit, alios praemiis adfecit, neutrum ex merito,
Tac. H. 4, 50; cf.:
quod ob meritum nostrum succensuistis?
Liv. 25, 6, 4.—
B.
Transf., worth, value, importance of a thing ( poet. and post-class.):
quo sit merito quaeque notata dies,
Ov. F. 1, 7:
negotiorum,
Cod. Just. 8, 5, 2: aedificia majoris meriti, of greater value, Cod. Th. 15, 1, 30:
loci,
Mart. 8, 65, 7:
primi saporis mella thymi sucus effundit, secundi meriti thymbra, tertii meriti rosmarinus,
Pall. 1, 37, 3.—
4.
mĕrĭtō, adv., according to desert, deservedly, justly, often connected with jure (class.):
quamquam merito sum iratus Metello,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 68, § 158:
merito ac jure laudantur,
id. Cat. 3, 6, 14; cf.:
te ipse jure optimo, merito incuses, licet,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 23:
recte ac merito commovebamur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 172:
merito jam suspectus,
Juv. 3, 221; 10, 208. — Sup.: meritissimo te magni facio, Turp. ap. Non. 139, 17; Caecil. ib. 18:
me deridere meritissumo,
Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 49; Cic. de Or. 1, 55, 234; S. C. ap. Plin. Ep. 8, 6, 6; ap. Flor. 1, 9.—Post-class.: meritissime, Sol. 7, 18.—
b.
In partic.: libens (lubens) merito, a form of expression used in paying vows; v. libens, under libet.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > mereo

76 ἀρετή

ἀρετή, ῆς, ἡ (Hom.+, a term denoting consummate ‘excellence’ or ‘merit’ within a social context, hence freq. w. δικαιοσύνη; cp. the tripartite appraisal Pla., Protag. 329c: δικαιοσύνη, σωφροσύνη, ὁσιότης). Exhibition of ἀρετή invites recognition, resulting in renown or glory. In Homer primarily of military valor or exploits, but also of distinction for other personal qualities and associated performance that enhance the common interest. The term is a favorite subject in Stoic thought relating to morality. Theognis 147f summarizes Gk. thinking: ἐν δὲ δικαιοσύνῃ συλλήβδην πᾶσʼ ἀρετή ʼστι,| πᾶς δέ τʼ ἀνὴρ ἀγαθός, Κύρνε, δίκαιος ἔων=in a word, Cyrnus, all excellence lies in uprightness, and a good person is one who is upright.

① uncommon character worthy of praise, excellence of character, exceptional civic virtue (Theognis 147; Aristot., EN a detailed discussion of ἀ.; s. indexes in OGI, SIG, IPriene, et al.; Herm. Wr. 9, 4; 10, 9; Wsd; 2, 3, 4 Macc; EpArist; Philo; Jos., Ant. 1, 113 al.; διὰ τὴν ἀ. Orig. C. Cels. 5, 2, 26 [as distinguished merit]; τέσσαράς φησιν εἶναι ἀρετάς Hippol., Ref. 1, 19, 16 [in a list of virtues]; Did., Gen. 102, 15; 17 [accompanied by ‘trouble’]) Phil 4:8 (w. ἔπαινος, in ref. to recognition of distinguished merit that was customary in Gr-Rom. society; cp. AcJ 5 [Aa II/1, 153, 29]). W. πίστις (as OGI 438, 6ff ἄνδρα διενένκαντα πίστει καὶ ἀρετῇ καὶ δικαιοσύνῃ καὶ εὐσεβείαι=a gentleman distinguished for fidelity, admirable character, uprightness [concern for people], and devotion [to deities]; cp. Dssm. LO 270 [LAE 322]; Danker, Benefactor 460–61) ἐπιχορηγήσατε ἐν τῇ πίστει ὑμῶν τὴν ἀρετήν bring the finest character to your commitment 2 Pt 1:5a; ἐν δὲ τῇ ἀρετῇ τὴν γνῶσιν and to the finest character knowledge 5b. ἐνδύσασθαι πᾶσαν ἀ. δικαιοσύνης put on every virtue of uprightness (=‘aspire to the highest standards of uprightness’; opp. πονηρία, which is low-grade behavior; on the rhetorical form s. HFischel, HUCA 44, ’73, 119–51) Hm 1:2; Hs 6, 1, 4. ἐργάζεσθαι πᾶσαν ἀ. καὶ δικαιοσύνην Hs 8, 10, 39 (=be a model member of the human community); cp. m 12, 3, 1; διώκειν τὴν ἀ. 2 Cl 10:1. ἀ. ἔνδοξος Hm 6, 2, 3.

② manifestation of divine power, miracle (a usage in keeping w. the primary mng.; Oenom. in Eus., PE 5, 22, 4; SIG 1151, 2; 1172, 10 πλείονας ἀρετὰς τ. θεοῦ, see on this Dittenberger’s note 8 w. further exx. and lit.; 1173, 5; MAI 21, 1896, 77; POxy 1382 [II A.D.]; Sb 8026, 1; 8266, 17 [261/260 B.C.] of the miracles of the deity Amenothis; PGM 5, 419; Philo, Somn. 1, 256; Jos., Ant. 17, 130; s. Dssm., B 90–93 [BS 95f]; Nägeli 69; OWeinreich, Neue Urkunden zur Sarapisrel. 1919, index; SReiter, Ἐπιτύμβιον, Swoboda Festschr. 1927, 228–37), also that which causes such things: the power of God (IG IV², 128, 79 [280 B.C.]; PGM 4, 3205; Herm. Wr. 10, 17; Jos., Ant. 17, 130 ἀ. τοῦ θείου; cp. 1, 100) 2 Pt 1:3 (Dssm., B 277ff [BS 360ff]).—In accordance w. a usage that treats ἀ. and δόξα as correlatives (ἀ.=excellence that results in approbation and therefore δόξα=renown), which finds expression outside the OT (Is 42:8, 12) in the juxtaposition of the two terms (Herodian; Pausanias, Arcadia 52, 6 ins on a statue in honor of Philopoemen at Tegea; Dionys. Hal.; Diod. Sic. 2, 45, 2 of a woman, self-styled ‘Daughter of Ares’, reputed for her valor; s. Wetstein on 2 Pt 1:3), the LXX transl. הוֹד majesty, high rank (Hab 3:3; Zech 6:13; cp. Il. 9, 498 ἀ. w. τιμή and βίη; 23, 578 w. βίη) and also תְּהִלָּה praise sg. (Is; cp. Od. 14, 402 ἀ. w. ἐϋκλείη ‘good repute’) with ἀ. pl. The latter sense ‘praise’ (pl.=laudes) has been maintained for 1 Pt 2:9, which is probably influenced by Is 42:12; 43:21. It is poss. that Semitically oriented auditors of 1 Pt interpreted the expression along such lines, but Gr-Rom. publics would in the main be conditioned to hear a stress on performance, which of course would elicit praise (cp. Plut., Mor. 535d).—AKiefer, Aretalogische Studien, diss. Freib. 1929; VLongo, Aretalogie nel mondo Greco: I, Epigrafi e Papiri ’69; MSmith, JBL 90, ’71, 174–99; JKube, ΤΕΧΝΗ und ΑΡΕΤΗ ’69; Danker, Benefactor ’82, passim.—DELG. M-M. TW. Sv.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἀρετή

77 preparación

f.

1 preparation.

2 preparation, mixture, infusion.

3 preparation, coaching, training.

* * *

preparación

► nombre femenino

1 (gen) preparation

■ la preparación del viaje fue muy laboriosa organizing the trip was a laborious task

2 (física, deportiva) training

3 (conocimientos) knowledge

■ la candidata tiene una excelente preparación en informática the candidate is fully trained in computer science

■ necesitamos personal con la preparación suficiente we need competent staff

* * *

noun f.

preparation

* * *

SF

1) (=realización) preparation

tiempo de preparación: 30 minutos — preparation time: 30 minutes

un plato de fácil preparación — an easy dish to make

estar en preparación — to be in preparation

tengo varios libros en preparación — I have several books in preparation

2) [antes de hacer algo]

¿cuánto tiempo dedicas a la preparación de un examen? — how long do you spend studying for o preparing an exam?

la preparación de las vacaciones me llevó varias semanas — it took me weeks to prepare for the holidays

clases de preparación al parto — ante-natal classes

preparación de datos — data preparation

3) (=formación) [de estudios] education; [profesional] training

salió de la universidad con una buena preparación — he left university with a good education

buscamos a alguien con una buena preparación informática — we're looking for someone with good computer training o with a good training in computers

preparación física — (=entrenamiento) training; (=estado) physical condition

4) (tb: estado de preparación) preparedness, readiness

preparación militar — military preparedness

5) (Farm) preparation

* * *

femenino

1) (de examen, discurso) preparation

la preparación de la expedición — preparations o preparing for the expedition

la preparación de este plato es muy laboriosa — there's a lot of preparation involved in this dish

2)

a) (conocimientos, educación) education; ( para trabajo) training

b) ( de deportista) training

su preparación física es muy buena — he's in peak condition

3) (Farm, Med) preparation

* * *

= preparation, preparation, training, priming, preparedness, coaching, readiness, grooming.

Ex. Management of data bases includes such details as: keeping sufficient supplies of floppy discs, updating the data bases, keeping duplicate copies of the data bases, preparation of instruction guides and so on.

Ex. A study then of the underlying features of the classification process and the components of a classification scheme is a preparation for the more critical and informed application of classification schemes.

Ex. The user must become familiar with the facilities of this search software, and therefore may need more training than that which might be necessary for the retrieval of information in a data base which has been indexed with a controlled indexing language.

Ex. The fluid-control button should then be moved to the 'on' position and the priming button pressed several times.

Ex. Recommendations are made for potential public library involvement in the four phases of comprehensive emergency management: mitigation/long-term prevention, preparedness to respond, response to emergencies, and the recovery.

Ex. Proofreaders are trained by coaching, as are editors.

Ex. A readiness and a trend towards consistency is a prerequisite to the success of centralised cataloguing.

Ex. Let's face it, personal grooming is the key to success, in business or in your social life.

----

* en preparación = in the pipeline, under preparation.

* falta de preparación = unpreparedness.

* industria para la preparación de alimentos = food processing industry.

* manual de preparación = training manual.

* no tener la preparación = be untrained.

* preparación automática de resúmenes = automatic abstracting.

* preparación contra desastres = disaster preparedness.

* preparación contra emergencias = disaster preparedness.

* preparación contra emergencias a nivel nacional = domestic preparedness.

* preparación contra siniestros = disaster preparedness.

* preparación de alimentos = food processing, processing.

* preparación de los datos = data preparation.

* preparación del terreno eliminando todo tipo de obstáculos = land-clearing.

* preparación física = training.

* preparación para el futuro = future proofing.

* preparación para las emergencias = emergency preparedness.

* preparación tipográfica = copymarking, copy editing [copyediting].

* recibir preparación = undergo + training.

* servicio de preparación = training facility.

* * *

femenino

1) (de examen, discurso) preparation

la preparación de la expedición — preparations o preparing for the expedition

la preparación de este plato es muy laboriosa — there's a lot of preparation involved in this dish

2)

a) (conocimientos, educación) education; ( para trabajo) training

b) ( de deportista) training

su preparación física es muy buena — he's in peak condition

3) (Farm, Med) preparation

* * *

= preparation, preparation, training, priming, preparedness, coaching, readiness, grooming.

Ex: Management of data bases includes such details as: keeping sufficient supplies of floppy discs, updating the data bases, keeping duplicate copies of the data bases, preparation of instruction guides and so on.

Ex: A study then of the underlying features of the classification process and the components of a classification scheme is a preparation for the more critical and informed application of classification schemes.

Ex: The user must become familiar with the facilities of this search software, and therefore may need more training than that which might be necessary for the retrieval of information in a data base which has been indexed with a controlled indexing language.

Ex: The fluid-control button should then be moved to the 'on' position and the priming button pressed several times.

Ex: Recommendations are made for potential public library involvement in the four phases of comprehensive emergency management: mitigation/long-term prevention, preparedness to respond, response to emergencies, and the recovery.

Ex: Proofreaders are trained by coaching, as are editors.

Ex: A readiness and a trend towards consistency is a prerequisite to the success of centralised cataloguing.

Ex: Let's face it, personal grooming is the key to success, in business or in your social life.

* en preparación = in the pipeline, under preparation.

* falta de preparación = unpreparedness.

* industria para la preparación de alimentos = food processing industry.

* manual de preparación = training manual.

* no tener la preparación = be untrained.

* preparación automática de resúmenes = automatic abstracting.

* preparación contra desastres = disaster preparedness.

* preparación contra emergencias = disaster preparedness.

* preparación contra emergencias a nivel nacional = domestic preparedness.

* preparación contra siniestros = disaster preparedness.

* preparación de alimentos = food processing, processing.

* preparación de los datos = data preparation.

* preparación del terreno eliminando todo tipo de obstáculos = land-clearing.

* preparación física = training.

* preparación para el futuro = future proofing.

* preparación para las emergencias = emergency preparedness.

* preparación tipográfica = copymarking, copy editing [copyediting].

* recibir preparación = undergo + training.

* servicio de preparación = training facility.

* * *

preparación

feminine

A (de un examen, discurso) preparation

la preparación de este plato es muy laboriosa there's a lot of preparation involved in this dish

la preparación de la expedición llevó más de dos meses preparations o preparing for the expedition took more than two months

tiene varios libros en preparación she has several books in preparation, she's working on several books at the moment

B

1 (conocimientos, educación) education; (para un trabajo) training

2 (de un deportista) training

su preparación física es muy buena he's in peak condition o form

C ( Farm, Med) preparation

* * *

preparación sustantivo femenino
1 (de examen, discurso) preparation
2
a) (conocimientos, educación) education;

( para trabajo) training
b) ( de deportista) training;

◊ su preparación física es muy buena he's in peak condition

3 (Farm, Med) preparation
preparación sustantivo femenino
1 preparation
2 (formación) training
' preparación' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
sólido
English:
conditioning
- making
- prep
- preparation
- readiness
- unpreparedness
- untrained
- cold
- convenience

* * *

preparación nf

1. [disposición, elaboración] preparation;

dedicó sus vacaciones a la preparación de los exámenes he spent his holidays preparing for the exams;

tiene un nuevo disco en preparación she's working on a new record

2. [de atleta] training

Comp
preparación física [entrenamiento] physical training; [estado] physical condition
3. [formación] [práctica] training;
[teórica] education;
tiene una buena preparación en idiomas he has good language skills

4. [para microscopio] specimen

* * *

preparación

f

1 ( preparativo) preparation

2 ( educación) education

3 para trabajo training

* * *

preparación nf, pl - ciones

1) : preparation, readiness

2) : education, training

3) : (medicinal) preparation

* * *

preparación n

1. (en general) preparation

2. (entrenamiento) training

Spanish-English dictionary > preparación

78 adficio

af-fĭcĭo (better adf-), affēci (adf-), affectum (adf-), 3, v. a. [facio], to do something to one, i. e. to exert an influence on body or mind, so that it is brought into such or such a state (used by the poets rarely, by Hor. never).
1.
Aliquem.
A.
Of the body rarely, and then commonly in a bad sense:
ut aestus, labor, fames, sitisque corpora adficerent,
Liv. 28, 15:
contumeliis adficere corpora sua,
Vulg. Rom. 1, 24:
non simplex Damasichthona vulnus Adficit,
Ov. M. 6, 255:
aconitum cor adficit,
Scrib. Comp. 188:
corpus adficere M. Antonii,
Cic. Phil. 3:
pulmo totus adficitur,
Cels. 4, 7; with abl. of spec.:
stomacho et vesicā adfici,
Scrib. Comp. 186. —In bon. part.:
corpus ita adficiendum est, ut oboedire rationi possit,
Cic. Off. 1, 23.—
B.
More freq. of the mind:
litterae tuae sic me adfecerunt, ut, etc.,
Cic. Att. 14, 3, 2:
is terror milites hostesque in diversum adfecit,
Tac. A. 11, 19:
varie sum adfectus tuis litteris,
Cic. Fam. 16, 2:
consules oportere sic adfici, ut, etc.,
Plin. Pan. 90:
adfici a Gratiā aut a Voluptate,
Cic. Fam. 5, 12; id. Mil. 29, 79:
sollicitudo de te duplex nos adficit,
id. Brut. 92, 332:
uti ei qui audirent, sic adficerentur animis, ut eos adfici vellet orator,
id. de Or. 1, 19, 87 B. and K.:
adfici animos in diversum habitum,
Quint. 1, 10, 25.—
2.
With acc. and abl., to affect a person or (rarely) thing with something; in a good sense, to bestow upon, grace with; in a bad sense, to visit with, inflict upon; or the ablative and verb may be rendered by the verb corresponding to the ablative, and if an adjective accompany the ablative, this adjective becomes an adverb.—Of inanimate things (rare): luce locum adficiens, lighting up the place, Varr. ap. Non. p. 250, 2:
adficere medicamine vultum,
Ov. Med. Fac. 67:
factum non eo nomine adficiendum,
designated, Cic. Top. 24, 94:
res honore adficere,
to honor, id. N. D. 1, 15, 38:
non postulo, ut dolorem eisdem verbis adficias, quibus Epicurus, etc.,
id. Tusc. 2, 7, 18.—
3.
Very freq. of persons.
(α).
In a good sense:
Qui praedā atque agro adoreāque adfecit populares suos,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 38:
quem sepulturā adficit,
buries, Cic. Div. 1, 27, 56:
patres adfecerat gloriā,
id. Tusc. 1, 15, 34:
admiratione,
id. Off. 2, 10, 37:
voluptate,
id. Fin. 3, 11, 37:
beneficio,
id. Agr. 1, 4, 13:
honore,
id. Rosc. Am. 50, 147:
laude,
id. Off. 2, 13, 47:
nomine regis,
to style, id. Deiot. 5, 14:
bonis nuntiis,
Plaut. Am. prol. 8:
muneribus,
Cic. Fam. 2, 3; Nep. Ages. 3, 3:
praemio,
Cic. Mil. 30, 82:
pretio,
Verg. A. 12, 352:
stipendio,
Cic. Balb. 27, 61.—
(β).
In a bad sense: injuriā abs te adficior indignā, pater, am wronged unjustly, Enn. ap. Auct. ad Heren. 2, 24, 38; so Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 3:
Quantā me curā et sollicitudine adficit Gnatus,
id. ib. 2, 4, 1; so Cic. Att. 1, 18:
desiderio,
id. Fam. 2, 12:
timore,
to terrify, id. Quint. 2, 6:
difficultate,
to embarrass, Caes. B. G. 7, 6:
molestiā,
to trouble, Cic. Att. 15, 1:
tantis malis,
Vulg. Num. 11, 15:
maculā,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 39, 113:
ignominiā,
id. ib. 39, 123:
contumeliis,
Vulg. Ezech. 22, 7; ib. Luc. 20, 11:
rerum et verborum acerbitatibus,
Suet. Calig. 2:
verberibus,
Just. 1, 5:
supplicio,
Cic. Brut. 1, 16; so Caes. B. G. 1, 27:
poenā,
Nep. Hann. 8, 2:
exsilio,
to banish, id. Thras. 3:
morte, cruciatu, cruce,
Cic. Verr. 3, 4, 9:
morte,
Vulg. Matt. 10, 21:
cruce,
Suet. Galb. 9:
ultimis cruciatibus,
Liv. 21, 44:
leto,
Nep. Regg. 3, 2.—And often in pass.:
sollicitudine et inopiā consilii,
Cic. Att. 3, 6:
adfici aegritudine,
id. Tusc. 3, 7, 15:
doloribus pedum,
id. Fam. 6, 19:
morbo oculorum,
Nep. Hann. 4, 3:
inopiā rei frumentariae,
Caes. B. G. 7, 17:
calamitate et injuriā,
Cic. Att. 11, 2:
magnā poenā, Auct. B. G. 8, 39: vulneribus,
Col. R. R. 4, 11:
torminibus et inflationibus,
Plin. 29, 5, 33, § 103:
servitute,
Cic. Rep. 1, 44.—Hence, affectus ( adf-), a, um, P. a.
I.
In a peculiar sense, that on which we have bestowed labor, that which we are now doing, so that it is nearly at an end; cf.: Adfecta, sicut M. Cicero et [p. 67] veterum elegantissime locuti sunt, ea proprie dicebantur, quae non ad finem ipsum, sed proxime finem progressa deductave erant, Gell. 3, 16:
bellum adfectum videmus et paene confectum,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 8, 19:
in provinciā (Caesar) commoratur, ut ea. quae per eum adfecta sunt, perfecta rei publicae tradat,
id. ib. 12, 29: cum adfectā prope aestate uvas a sole mitescere tempus, etc., near the end of summer, id. ap. Gell. l. c.:
Jamque hieme adfectā mitescere coeperat annus,
Sil. 15, 502:
in Q. Mucii infirmissimā valetudine adfectāque jam aetate,
Cic. de Or. 1,45,200; id. Verr. 2,4,43, § 95.—
II.
In nearly the same sense as the verb, absol. and with abl.
A.
Absol.
(α).
Of persons laboring under disease, or not yet quite recovered:
Qui cum ita adfectus esset, ut sibi ipse diffideret,
was in such a state, Cic. Phil. 9, 1, 2:
Caesarem Neapoli adfectum graviter videam,
very ill, id. Att. 14, 17; so Sen. Ep. 101:
quem adfectum visuros crediderant,
ill, Liv. 28, 26:
corpus adfectum,
id. 9, 3:
adfectae vires corporis,
reduced strength, weakness, id. 5, 18:
puella,
Prop. 3, 24, 1:
aegra et adfecta mancipia,
Suet. Claud. 25:
jam quidem adfectum, sed tamen spirantem,
id. Tib. 21.—
(β).
Of things, weakened, sick, broken, reduced:
partem istam rei publicae male adfectam tueri,
Cic. Fam. 13, 68:
adfecta res publica,
Liv. 5, 57:
Quid est enim non ita adfectum, ut non deletum exstinctumque esse fateare?
Cic. Fam. 5, 13, 3:
sic mihi (Sicilia) adfecta visa est, ut hae terrae solent, in quibus bellum versatum est,
id. Verr. 5, 18, 47:
adfecta res familiaris,
Liv. 5, 10:
opem rebus adfectis orare,
id. 6, 3; so Tac. H. 2, 69:
fides,
id. ib. 3, 65:
spes,
Val. Fl. 4, 60.—
(γ).
Of persons, in gen. sense, disposed, affected, moved, touched:
Quonam modo, Philumena mea, nunc te offendam adfectam?
Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 45:
quomodo sim adfectus, e Leptā poteris cognoscere,
Cic. Fam. 14, 17:
ut eodem modo erga amicum adfecti simus, quo erga nosmetipsos,
id. Lael. 16, 56; id. Fin. 1, 20, 68:
cum ita simus adfecti, ut non possimus plane simul vivere,
id. Att. 13, 23; id. Fin. 5, 9, 24:
oculus conturbatus non est probe adfectus ad suum munus fungendum,
in proper state, id. Tusc. 3, 7, 15:
oculi nimis arguti, quem ad modum animo adfecti simus, loquuntur,
id. Leg. 1, 9, 27; id. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Att. 12, 41, 2.—
(δ).
As rhet. t. t.: affectus ad, related to, resembling:
Tum ex eis rebus, quae quodam modo affectae sunt ad id, de quo quaeritur,
Cic. Top. 2, 8 Forcellini.—
B.
With abl. chiefly of persons, in indifferent sense, in good or bad sense (cf.:
Animi quem ad modum adfecti sint, virtutibus, vitiis, artibus, inertiis, aut quem ad modum commoti, cupiditate, metu, voluptate, molestiā,
Cic. Part. Or. 10, 35).
(α).
In indifferent sense, furnished with, having:
validos lictores ulmeis affectos lentis virgis,
Plaut. As. 3, 2, 29:
pari filo similique (corpora) adfecta figurā,
Lucr. 2, 341:
Tantāne adfectum quemquam esse hominem audaciā!
Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 84:
omnibus virtutibus,
Cic. Planc. 33, 80.—
(β).
In bad sense:
aegritudine, morbo adfectus,
Col. R. R. 7, 5, 20:
aerumnis omnibus,
Lucr. 3, 50:
sollicitudine,
Caes. B. G. 7, 40:
difficultatibus,
Cic. Fam. 7, 13:
fatigatione,
Curt. 7, 11:
frigore et penuriā,
id. 7, 3:
adfecta sterilitate terra, Col. R. R. praef. 1, 2: vitiis,
Cic. Mur. 6, 13:
ignominiā,
id. Att. 7, 3:
supplicio,
Tac. A. 15, 54:
verberibus,
Curt. 7, 11:
vulnere corpus adfectum,
Liv. 1, 25:
morbo,
Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 6:
dolore,
Cic. de Or. 2, 49, 201:
febre,
Suet. Vit. 14:
pestilentiā,
Liv. 41, 5:
desperatione,
Cic. Att. 14, 22:
clade,
Curt. 10, 6:
senectute,
Cic. de Or. 3, 18, 68:
aetate,
id. Cat. 2, 20; id. Sen. 14, 47:
morte,
Serv. ad Cic. Fam. 4, 12.— Sup.:
remiges inopiā adfectissimi,
Vell. 2, 84.—
(γ).
In good sense:
beneficio adfectus,
Cic. Fam. 14, 4:
aliquo honore aut imperio,
id. Off. 1, 41, 149:
valetudine optimā,
id. Tusc. 4, 37, 81:
laetitiā,
id. Mur. 2, 4, and ad Brut. 1, 4:
munere deorum,
id. N. D. 3, 26, 67:
praemiis,
id. Pis. 37, 90.— Adv.: affectē ( adf-), with (a strong) affection, deeply:
oblectamur et contristamur et conterremur in somniis quam adfecte et anxie et passibiliter,
Tert. Anim. 45.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > adficio

79 afficio

af-fĭcĭo (better adf-), affēci (adf-), affectum (adf-), 3, v. a. [facio], to do something to one, i. e. to exert an influence on body or mind, so that it is brought into such or such a state (used by the poets rarely, by Hor. never).
1.
Aliquem.
A.
Of the body rarely, and then commonly in a bad sense:
ut aestus, labor, fames, sitisque corpora adficerent,
Liv. 28, 15:
contumeliis adficere corpora sua,
Vulg. Rom. 1, 24:
non simplex Damasichthona vulnus Adficit,
Ov. M. 6, 255:
aconitum cor adficit,
Scrib. Comp. 188:
corpus adficere M. Antonii,
Cic. Phil. 3:
pulmo totus adficitur,
Cels. 4, 7; with abl. of spec.:
stomacho et vesicā adfici,
Scrib. Comp. 186. —In bon. part.:
corpus ita adficiendum est, ut oboedire rationi possit,
Cic. Off. 1, 23.—
B.
More freq. of the mind:
litterae tuae sic me adfecerunt, ut, etc.,
Cic. Att. 14, 3, 2:
is terror milites hostesque in diversum adfecit,
Tac. A. 11, 19:
varie sum adfectus tuis litteris,
Cic. Fam. 16, 2:
consules oportere sic adfici, ut, etc.,
Plin. Pan. 90:
adfici a Gratiā aut a Voluptate,
Cic. Fam. 5, 12; id. Mil. 29, 79:
sollicitudo de te duplex nos adficit,
id. Brut. 92, 332:
uti ei qui audirent, sic adficerentur animis, ut eos adfici vellet orator,
id. de Or. 1, 19, 87 B. and K.:
adfici animos in diversum habitum,
Quint. 1, 10, 25.—
2.
With acc. and abl., to affect a person or (rarely) thing with something; in a good sense, to bestow upon, grace with; in a bad sense, to visit with, inflict upon; or the ablative and verb may be rendered by the verb corresponding to the ablative, and if an adjective accompany the ablative, this adjective becomes an adverb.—Of inanimate things (rare): luce locum adficiens, lighting up the place, Varr. ap. Non. p. 250, 2:
adficere medicamine vultum,
Ov. Med. Fac. 67:
factum non eo nomine adficiendum,
designated, Cic. Top. 24, 94:
res honore adficere,
to honor, id. N. D. 1, 15, 38:
non postulo, ut dolorem eisdem verbis adficias, quibus Epicurus, etc.,
id. Tusc. 2, 7, 18.—
3.
Very freq. of persons.
(α).
In a good sense:
Qui praedā atque agro adoreāque adfecit populares suos,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 38:
quem sepulturā adficit,
buries, Cic. Div. 1, 27, 56:
patres adfecerat gloriā,
id. Tusc. 1, 15, 34:
admiratione,
id. Off. 2, 10, 37:
voluptate,
id. Fin. 3, 11, 37:
beneficio,
id. Agr. 1, 4, 13:
honore,
id. Rosc. Am. 50, 147:
laude,
id. Off. 2, 13, 47:
nomine regis,
to style, id. Deiot. 5, 14:
bonis nuntiis,
Plaut. Am. prol. 8:
muneribus,
Cic. Fam. 2, 3; Nep. Ages. 3, 3:
praemio,
Cic. Mil. 30, 82:
pretio,
Verg. A. 12, 352:
stipendio,
Cic. Balb. 27, 61.—
(β).
In a bad sense: injuriā abs te adficior indignā, pater, am wronged unjustly, Enn. ap. Auct. ad Heren. 2, 24, 38; so Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 3:
Quantā me curā et sollicitudine adficit Gnatus,
id. ib. 2, 4, 1; so Cic. Att. 1, 18:
desiderio,
id. Fam. 2, 12:
timore,
to terrify, id. Quint. 2, 6:
difficultate,
to embarrass, Caes. B. G. 7, 6:
molestiā,
to trouble, Cic. Att. 15, 1:
tantis malis,
Vulg. Num. 11, 15:
maculā,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 39, 113:
ignominiā,
id. ib. 39, 123:
contumeliis,
Vulg. Ezech. 22, 7; ib. Luc. 20, 11:
rerum et verborum acerbitatibus,
Suet. Calig. 2:
verberibus,
Just. 1, 5:
supplicio,
Cic. Brut. 1, 16; so Caes. B. G. 1, 27:
poenā,
Nep. Hann. 8, 2:
exsilio,
to banish, id. Thras. 3:
morte, cruciatu, cruce,
Cic. Verr. 3, 4, 9:
morte,
Vulg. Matt. 10, 21:
cruce,
Suet. Galb. 9:
ultimis cruciatibus,
Liv. 21, 44:
leto,
Nep. Regg. 3, 2.—And often in pass.:
sollicitudine et inopiā consilii,
Cic. Att. 3, 6:
adfici aegritudine,
id. Tusc. 3, 7, 15:
doloribus pedum,
id. Fam. 6, 19:
morbo oculorum,
Nep. Hann. 4, 3:
inopiā rei frumentariae,
Caes. B. G. 7, 17:
calamitate et injuriā,
Cic. Att. 11, 2:
magnā poenā, Auct. B. G. 8, 39: vulneribus,
Col. R. R. 4, 11:
torminibus et inflationibus,
Plin. 29, 5, 33, § 103:
servitute,
Cic. Rep. 1, 44.—Hence, affectus ( adf-), a, um, P. a.
I.
In a peculiar sense, that on which we have bestowed labor, that which we are now doing, so that it is nearly at an end; cf.: Adfecta, sicut M. Cicero et [p. 67] veterum elegantissime locuti sunt, ea proprie dicebantur, quae non ad finem ipsum, sed proxime finem progressa deductave erant, Gell. 3, 16:
bellum adfectum videmus et paene confectum,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 8, 19:
in provinciā (Caesar) commoratur, ut ea. quae per eum adfecta sunt, perfecta rei publicae tradat,
id. ib. 12, 29: cum adfectā prope aestate uvas a sole mitescere tempus, etc., near the end of summer, id. ap. Gell. l. c.:
Jamque hieme adfectā mitescere coeperat annus,
Sil. 15, 502:
in Q. Mucii infirmissimā valetudine adfectāque jam aetate,
Cic. de Or. 1,45,200; id. Verr. 2,4,43, § 95.—
II.
In nearly the same sense as the verb, absol. and with abl.
A.
Absol.
(α).
Of persons laboring under disease, or not yet quite recovered:
Qui cum ita adfectus esset, ut sibi ipse diffideret,
was in such a state, Cic. Phil. 9, 1, 2:
Caesarem Neapoli adfectum graviter videam,
very ill, id. Att. 14, 17; so Sen. Ep. 101:
quem adfectum visuros crediderant,
ill, Liv. 28, 26:
corpus adfectum,
id. 9, 3:
adfectae vires corporis,
reduced strength, weakness, id. 5, 18:
puella,
Prop. 3, 24, 1:
aegra et adfecta mancipia,
Suet. Claud. 25:
jam quidem adfectum, sed tamen spirantem,
id. Tib. 21.—
(β).
Of things, weakened, sick, broken, reduced:
partem istam rei publicae male adfectam tueri,
Cic. Fam. 13, 68:
adfecta res publica,
Liv. 5, 57:
Quid est enim non ita adfectum, ut non deletum exstinctumque esse fateare?
Cic. Fam. 5, 13, 3:
sic mihi (Sicilia) adfecta visa est, ut hae terrae solent, in quibus bellum versatum est,
id. Verr. 5, 18, 47:
adfecta res familiaris,
Liv. 5, 10:
opem rebus adfectis orare,
id. 6, 3; so Tac. H. 2, 69:
fides,
id. ib. 3, 65:
spes,
Val. Fl. 4, 60.—
(γ).
Of persons, in gen. sense, disposed, affected, moved, touched:
Quonam modo, Philumena mea, nunc te offendam adfectam?
Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 45:
quomodo sim adfectus, e Leptā poteris cognoscere,
Cic. Fam. 14, 17:
ut eodem modo erga amicum adfecti simus, quo erga nosmetipsos,
id. Lael. 16, 56; id. Fin. 1, 20, 68:
cum ita simus adfecti, ut non possimus plane simul vivere,
id. Att. 13, 23; id. Fin. 5, 9, 24:
oculus conturbatus non est probe adfectus ad suum munus fungendum,
in proper state, id. Tusc. 3, 7, 15:
oculi nimis arguti, quem ad modum animo adfecti simus, loquuntur,
id. Leg. 1, 9, 27; id. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Att. 12, 41, 2.—
(δ).
As rhet. t. t.: affectus ad, related to, resembling:
Tum ex eis rebus, quae quodam modo affectae sunt ad id, de quo quaeritur,
Cic. Top. 2, 8 Forcellini.—
B.
With abl. chiefly of persons, in indifferent sense, in good or bad sense (cf.:
Animi quem ad modum adfecti sint, virtutibus, vitiis, artibus, inertiis, aut quem ad modum commoti, cupiditate, metu, voluptate, molestiā,
Cic. Part. Or. 10, 35).
(α).
In indifferent sense, furnished with, having:
validos lictores ulmeis affectos lentis virgis,
Plaut. As. 3, 2, 29:
pari filo similique (corpora) adfecta figurā,
Lucr. 2, 341:
Tantāne adfectum quemquam esse hominem audaciā!
Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 84:
omnibus virtutibus,
Cic. Planc. 33, 80.—
(β).
In bad sense:
aegritudine, morbo adfectus,
Col. R. R. 7, 5, 20:
aerumnis omnibus,
Lucr. 3, 50:
sollicitudine,
Caes. B. G. 7, 40:
difficultatibus,
Cic. Fam. 7, 13:
fatigatione,
Curt. 7, 11:
frigore et penuriā,
id. 7, 3:
adfecta sterilitate terra, Col. R. R. praef. 1, 2: vitiis,
Cic. Mur. 6, 13:
ignominiā,
id. Att. 7, 3:
supplicio,
Tac. A. 15, 54:
verberibus,
Curt. 7, 11:
vulnere corpus adfectum,
Liv. 1, 25:
morbo,
Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 6:
dolore,
Cic. de Or. 2, 49, 201:
febre,
Suet. Vit. 14:
pestilentiā,
Liv. 41, 5:
desperatione,
Cic. Att. 14, 22:
clade,
Curt. 10, 6:
senectute,
Cic. de Or. 3, 18, 68:
aetate,
id. Cat. 2, 20; id. Sen. 14, 47:
morte,
Serv. ad Cic. Fam. 4, 12.— Sup.:
remiges inopiā adfectissimi,
Vell. 2, 84.—
(γ).
In good sense:
beneficio adfectus,
Cic. Fam. 14, 4:
aliquo honore aut imperio,
id. Off. 1, 41, 149:
valetudine optimā,
id. Tusc. 4, 37, 81:
laetitiā,
id. Mur. 2, 4, and ad Brut. 1, 4:
munere deorum,
id. N. D. 3, 26, 67:
praemiis,
id. Pis. 37, 90.— Adv.: affectē ( adf-), with (a strong) affection, deeply:
oblectamur et contristamur et conterremur in somniis quam adfecte et anxie et passibiliter,
Tert. Anim. 45.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > afficio

80 fides

1.
fĭdes, ĕi ( gen. sing. scanned fĭdēï, Enn. ap. Cic. de Sen. 1, 1; Lucr. 5, 102.— Ante-class. and poet. form of the gen. fide, like die, facie, etc., Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 1; id. Poen. 4, 2, 68; Ov. M. 3, 341; 6, 506; 7, 728; 737; Hor. C. 3, 7, 4; cf. Prisc. p. 781 P.; Charis. p. 53 ib.; Ritschl, Proleg. p. 90.— Dat. fide, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 80; 91; 105; Enn. ap. Non. 112, 1, or Ann. v. 111 ed. Vahl.; Hor. S. 1, 3, 95), f. [fido], trust in a person or thing, faith, confidence, reliance, credence, belief (syn.: fidelitas, fiducia, confidentia).
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen.:
si sciat noster senex, fidem non esse huic habitam,
that he has not been trusted, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 52; cf.:
fides ut habeatur, duabus rebus effici potest... iis fidem habemus, quos plus intelligere quam nos arbitramur... bonis viris ita fides habetur, ut nulla sit in iis fraudis injuriaeque suspicio... prudentia sine justitia nihil valeat ad faciendam fidem, etc.,
to give confidence, produce confidence, Cic. Off. 2, 9, 33; see in the foll.: neque pauci, neque leves sunt, qui se duo soles vidisse dicant;
ut non tam fides non habenda, quam ratio quaerenda sit,
to give credence, id. Rep. 1, 10; cf.:
quod si insanorum visis fides non est habenda, quia falsa sunt, cur credatur somniantium visis, etc.,
id. Div. 2, 59, 122:
si ita posset defendere, tamen fides huic defensioni non haberetur,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 57, § 148:
me miseram! forsitan hic mihi parvam habeat fidem,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 117; cf.:
cum jam minor fabulis haberetur fides,
Cic. Rep. 2, 10:
(fidem) majorem tibi habui quam paene ipsi mihi,
id. Fam. 5, 20, 2; cf. id. ib. 7, 18, 1:
ex aliis ei maximam fidem habebat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 41, 4:
cui maximam fidem suarum rerum habeat,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 131; cf.:
cui summam omnium rerum fidem habebat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 19, 3:
fidem commenticiis rebus adjungere,
Cic. Div. 2, 55, 113:
testimonio fidem tribuere,
id. Sull. 3, 10; cf.:
Cratippus iisdem rebus fidem tribuit,
id. Div. 1, 3, 5:
et auctoritatem orationi affert et fidem,
id. Or. 34, 120:
si tota oratio nostra omnem sibi fidem sensibus confirmat,
id. Fin. 1, 21, 71:
constituere fidem,
id. Part. Or. 9, 31: fidem facit oratio, awakens or produces belief, id. Brut. 50, 187; cf.:
quoniam auribus vestris... minorem fidem faceret oratio mea,
id. Cat. 3, 2, 4:
aliquamdiu fides fieri non poterat,
Caes. B. C. 2, 37, 1;
so with dare (rare): res ipsa fidem sermoni meo dabit,
App. M. 4, p. 146, 25:
Hercules cui ea res immortalitatis fidem dedit,
assured of, Just. 24, 4, 4; Plin. Pan. 74, 3.—With object-clauses:
fac fidem, te nihil nisi populi utilitatem et fructum quaerere,
evince, show, Cic. Agr. 2, 8, 22: tibi fidem faciemus, nos ea suadere, quae, etc., will convince, Balb. et Opp. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 8, A. fin.:
mihi fides apud hunc est, nihil me istius facturum,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 10; cf.:
cum vix fides esset, rem ullo modo successuram,
Suet. Vesp. 7:
male fidem servando illis quoque abrogant fidem,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 41:
quorum rebus gestis, fidem et auctoritatem in testimonio inimicitiarum suspicio derogavit,
Cic. Font. 7, 13; cf.:
alicui abrogare fidem juris jurandi,
id. Rosc. Com. 15, 44; and:
omnibus abrogatur fides,
id. Ac. 2, 11, 36:
quae res fidem abrogat orationi,
Auct. Her. 1, 10, 17:
imminuit et oratoris auctoritatem et orationis fidem,
Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 156:
multa fidem promissa levant,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 10: fidem addere, to give credence (opp. fidem demere):
ex ingenio suo quisque demat vel addat fidem,
Tac. G. 3 fin. —
B.
In partic., in mercant. lang., credit:
cum fides totā Italiā esset angustior, neque creditae pecuniae solverentur,
Caes. B. C. 3, 1, 2; cf.:
scimus, Romae solutione impedita fidem concidisse,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:
fides de foro sublata erat,
id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:
labefacta jam fide,
credit being impaired, Suet. Vesp. 4:
pecunia suā aut amicorum fide sumpta mutua,
Sall. C. 24, 2:
non contentus agrariis legibus fidem moliri coepit,
Liv. 6, 11, 8; cf.:
fidem abrogare,
id. 6, 41, 11:
fidemque remque, perdere,
credit and means, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 36; cf.:
res eos jampridem, fides deficere nuper coepit,
Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 10:
nisi fide staret res publica, opibus non staturam,
Liv. 23, 48, 9 Drak.; freq.: res fidesque, for fame and fortune, property and credit, i. e. entire resources, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 18; id. Truc. 1, 1, 24; 38; id. Most. 1, 2, 64; Sall. J. 73, 6 Cort.—
2.
Beyond the mercant. sphere ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
segetis certa fides meae,
i. e. return, yield, Hor. C. 3, 16, 30:
at tibi... Persolvat nullā semina certa fide,
Tib. 2, 3, 62:
fallax fides unius anni,
Plin. Pan. 32, 4:
quia hanc ejus terrae fidem Menander eludit,
Quint. 12, 10, 25.
II.
Transf., that which produces confidence or belief.
A.
The quality that produces confidence in a person, trustworthiness, faithfulness, conscientiousness, credibility, honesty; in things, credibility, truth, etc.
1.
In gen. (erroneously regarded by Cicero as the primary signif. of the word; wherefore he derived it from fio; v. the foll. passages):
fundamentum justitiae est fides, id est dictorum conventorumque constantia et veritas. Ex quo, audeamus imitari Stoicos, credamusque, quia fiat, quod dictum est, appellatam fidem,
Cic. Off. 1, 7, 23 Beier; cf. id. Fragm. ap. Non. 24, 17 (Rep. 4, 7, p. 428 ed. Mos.); id. Fam. 16, 10 fin.:
justitia creditis in rebus fides nominatur,
id. Part. Or. 22, 78:
meo periculo hujus ego experiar fidem,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 99; cf.:
fides fidelitasque amicum erga,
id. Trin. 5, 2, 2:
homo antiqua virtute ac fide,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 88; cf.:
exemplum antiquae probitatis et fidei,
Cic. Rep. 3, 5:
esse summa probitate ac fide,
id. ib. 3, 17:
vir aequissimus, singulari fide,
id. ib. 3, 17:
quorum fides est laudata,
id. ib. 2, 36:
quibus facillime justitia et fides convalescit,
id. ib. 2, 14:
unde justitia, fides, aequitas?
id. ib. 1, 2:
cujus virtuti, fidei, felicitati (Gallia) commendata est,
id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:
aequitas et fides,
id. Rep. 1, 35; cf.:
si pudor quaeritur, si probitas, si fides,
id. ib. 3, 18 fin.:
quanta fide, quanta religione,
id. Font. 6, 13:
hinc fides, illinc fraudatio,
id. Cat. 2, 11, 25: ille vir haud magna cum re sed plenu' fidei, Enn. ap. Cic. de Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 342 ed. Vahl.): ubi societas? ubi fides majorum? Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: nulla sancta societas, nec fides regni est, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 8, 26 (Trag. v. 412 ed. Vahl.):
mea eraga te fides et benevolentia,
Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 1:
pro vetere ac perpetua erga populum Romanum fide,
Caes. B. G. 5, 54, 4:
in fide atque amicitia civitatis Aeduae,
id. ib. 2, 14, 2:
in fide manere,
id. ib. 7, 4, 5; cf.:
sincera fide in pace Ligures esse,
Liv. 40, 34, 11:
si tibi optima fide sua omnia concessit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144:
praestare fidem,
id. Div. 2, 37, 79; id. Top. 10, 42; id. Att. 16, 7, 2; id. Fam. 1, 7, 6:
te oro per tuam fidem, ne, etc.,
Ter. And. 1, 5, 55: Eu. Dic bona fide: tu id aurum non surripuisti? Ly. Bona. Eu. Neque scis, quis abstulerit? Ly. Istuc quoque bona, Plaut. Mil. 4, 10, 42:
de pace cum fide agere,
Liv. 32, 33, 10:
jussas cum fide poenas luam,
Hor. Epod. 17, 37:
haecne marita fides?
Prop. 4 (5), 3, 11:
Aeacidae dederat pacis pignusque fidemque,
faithful bail, Ov. M. 12, 365:
perjura patris fides,
perjured faith, dishonesty, Hor. C. 3, 24, 59 et saep.—Prov.:
fides ut anima, unde abiit, eo numquam redit,
Pub. Syr. 181 (Rib.):
fidem qui perdit, quo se servet relicuo,
id. 166.—
b.
Of inanim. and abstr. things:
nam cum Gabinii levitas... omnem tabularum fidem resignasset, etc.,
trustworthiness, credibility, Cic. Arch. 5, 9; cf.:
nunc vero quam habere auctoritatem et quam fidem possunt (litterae)?
id. Fl. 9, 21; and:
visa, quae fidem nullam habebunt,
id. Ac. 2, 18, 58 fin.; and:
qui non speciem expositionis sed fidem quaerit,
truth, Quint. 10, 1, 32:
aliter oraculorum, aliter haruspicum fides confirmari aut refelli potest,
id. 5, 7, 36:
probationum,
id. 4 praef. §
6: liber spectatae fidei,
Gell. 1, 7, 1:
paulum distare ab eo (lapide) in unguentorum fide multi existimant Lygdinos, etc.,
in faithful preservation, keeping in good condition, Plin. 36, 8, 13, § 62.—
c.
In poets several times, faithful, true fulfilment of a promise:
dicta fides sequitur,
Ov. M. 3, 527 (cf.:
res dicta secuta est,
id. ib. 4, 550):
vota fides sequitur,
id. ib. 8, 713:
promissa exhibuere fidem,
were fulfilled, id. ib. 7, 323; cf.:
en haec promissa fides est?
is this the fulfilment of the oracle? Verg. A. 6, 346.—
2.
In partic., in jurid. lang., bona fides, good faith, sincerity; hence, EX FIDE BONA or BONA FIDE, in good faith, sincerely, honestly, conscientiously:
arbitrum illum adegit, QVICQVID SIBI DARE FACERE OPORTERET EX FIDE BONA,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66; cf.: quanti verba illa: VTI NE PROPTER TE FIDEMVE TVAM CAPTVS FRAVDATVSVE SIEM, etc.... Q. quidem Scaevola, pontifex maximus, summam vim esse dicebat in omnibus iis arbitriis, in quibus adderetur EX FIDE BONA;
fideique bonae, nomen existimabat manare latissime, idque versari in tutelis societatibus, fiduciis mandatis, rebus emptis venditis, conductis locatis, etc.,
id. ib. 3, 17, 70; id. Att. 6, 1, 15: praetor ait: QVI [p. 747] BONA FIDE EMIT, etc., Dig. 6, 2, 7, § 11 sq.; cf.:
bonae fidei emptori subrepta re quam emerit,
Just. Inst. 4, 1, 15:
ubi lex inhibet usucapionem, bona fides possidenti nihil prodest,
Dig. 41, 3, 24:
tot judicia de fide mala, quae ex empto aut vendito aut conducto aut locato contra fidem fiunt, etc.,
i. e. deception, dishonesty, Cic. N. D. 3, 30, 74:
bonā fide = certissime,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 30; id. Aul. 4, 10, 42; id. Capt. 4, 2, 110; cf.:
mala fide,
Dig. 41, 2, 1, § 6.—
B.
An assurance that produces confidence, a promise, engagement, word, assurance, confirmation.
1.
In gen.:
fide data, credamus,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 61: accipe daque fidem, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 33 ed. Vahl.):
atque etiam, si quid singuli temporibus adducti hosti promiserunt, est in eo ipso fides conservanda: ut primo Punico bello Regulus... ad supplicium redire maluit, quam fidem hosti datam fallere,
Cic. Off. 1, 13, 39; cf. id. Fin. 2, 20, 65:
fidem dare, violare, in fide non stare,
id. Rab. Perd. 10, 28:
Pompei fides, quam de me Caesari dederat,
id. Fam. 1, 9, 12:
inter se fidem et jusjurandum dare,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3 fin.:
obligare fidem alicui,
to plight one's faith, Cic. Phil. 5, 18, 51; cf.:
fidem reliquis interponere,
Caes. B. G. 5, 6 fin.:
fide mea spondeo, futurum ut, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 1, 14, 10:
diffidens, de numero dierum Caesarem fidem servaturum,
Caes. B. G. 6, 36, 1:
si fidem mecum servas,
Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 48:
tecum servavi fidem,
id. Capt. 5, 1, 10; id. Merc. 3, 1, 33:
fides juris jurandi cum hoste servanda,
Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107:
fidem erga imperatorem conservare,
Caes. B. C. 1, 84, 3:
fidem erga populum Romanum servare,
Liv. 24, 4, 5:
servata erga Galbam,
Tac. H. 1, 71:
in regem suum servata,
Curt. 6, 5, 2:
ut fidem vobis praestaremus,
Liv. 28, 39, 2; so,
fidem alicui praestare,
Curt. 6, 4, 9; Liv. 30, 15, 5; Sen. Ben. 5, 21, 1:
non servata fides deditis est,
Liv. 24, 1, 10; cf. Cic. de Sen. 20, 75; Sen. Ep. 71, 17:
fidem suam liberare,
to perform his promise, Cic. Fl. 20, 47; cf.:
fidem alicujus liberare,
id. Fam. 12, 7, 2: so,
fidem exsolvere,
Liv. 3, 19, 1; 22, 23, 8; 24, 16, 12; Plin. Ep. 2, 12, 6; Luc. 9, 98 al.:
fidem frangere,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 16;
for which violare, v. above,
id. Rab. Perd. 10, 28:
fidem amittere,
Nep. Eum. 10:
istius fide ac potius perfidiā decepti,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110: quantum mea fides studii mihi afferat, my plighted word (to defend the king), id. Deiot. 1, 1:
contioni deinde edicto addidit fidem,
confirmed, Liv. 2, 24, 6.—
2.
Pregn., a given promise of protection or security, a guaranty; hence, in gen., protection, guardian care:
introduxi Vulturcium sine Gallis: fidem ei publicam jussu senatus dedi,
promised him protection, security, in the name of the public, Cic. Cat. 3, 4, 8; cf.: Vulturcius interrogatus... primo fingere alia;
post, ubi fide publica dicere jussus est, omnia uti gesta erant aperit,
Sall. C. 47, 1:
cum se diceret indicaturum de conjuratione, si fides publica data esset,
id. ib. 48, 4:
uti L. Cassius ad Jugurtham mitteretur, eumque interposita fide publica Romam duceret,
id. J. 32, 1; cf.:
privatim praeterea fidem suam interponit, quam ille non minoris quam publicam ducebat,
id. ib. fin.:
qui Romam fide publica venerat,
id. ib. 35, 7; so,
too, simply fides: Lusitani contra interpositam fidem interfecti,
Cic. Brut. 23, 89:
fide accepta ab legatis, vim abfuturam,
Liv. 38, 33, 3:
Thais patri se commendavit in clientelam et fidem,
Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 9; cf.:
se in Chrysogoni fidem et clientelam contulerunt,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 37, 106:
quaere in cujus fide sint et clientela,
id. ib. 33, 93:
aliquid in fidem alicujus tradere,
Liv. 38, 31, 2:
frugi hominem, plenum religionis videtis positum in vestra fide ac potestate: atque ita, ut commissus sit fidei, permissus potestati,
Cic. Font. 14, 30; cf.:
se suaque omnia in fidem atque potestatem populi Romani permittere,
Caes. B. G. 2, 3, 2:
in alicujus fidem ac potestatem venire,
id. ib. 2, 13, 2:
in fide alicujus esse,
Cic. Planc. 41, 97; cf. id. Fam. 13, 65, 2:
ea (jura) fidei suae commissa,
id. Off. 1, 34, 124:
civitas in Catonis fide locata,
id. Att. 6, 1, 5:
recipere aliquid in fidem,
id. ib. 15, 14, 3; cf.:
aliquem in fidem necessitudinemque suam recipere,
id. Fam. 13, 19, 2:
recipere aliquem in fidem,
Caes. B. G. 2, 15, 1; 4, 22, 3:
hortatur, ut populi Romani fidem sequantur,
id. ib. 4, 21, 8: jura fidemque supplicis erubuit (Achilles), the protection due to a suppliant, Verg. A. 2, 541:
di, obsecro vostram fidem!
your protection, assistance, help, Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 11; id. Am. 5, 1, 78; id. Most. 1, 1, 74; 2, 2, 97; cf.:
fidem vestram oro atque obsecro, judices,
Cic. Mur. 40, 86:
deum atque hominum fidem implorabis,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 25;
so in colloq. lang. frequently elliptic. as an exclamation: Di vostram fidem!
by the protection of the gods! for heaven's sake! Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 58, id. Men. 5, 2, 119; id. Poen. 4, 78 al.; Ter. And. 4, 3, 1; 4, 4, 5; id. Eun. 3, 1, 28 al.; cf.:
tuam fidem, Venus!
Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 40:
pro deum atque hominum fidem!
id. ib. 5, 3, 16; id. Ep. 4, 2, 10; Ter. And. 1. 5, 2; 1, 5, 11; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 9 al.; Sall. C. 20, 10 al.;
for which: pro deorum atque hominum fidem!
Cic. Tusc. 5, 16, 48;
and in a different order: pro deorum fidem atque hominum,
id. Lael. 15, 52;
also simply pro deum fidem,
Liv. 3, 67, 7 Drak. N. cr.; and:
per fidem!
Petr. 100, 5; Tac. Or. 35; App. M. 6, p. 175.—
C.
The faith, the Christian religion as a system of belief (eccl. Lat.):
domicilium fidei,
Lact. 4, 30 fin.; Vulg. Apoc. 14, 12 al.
III.
Fides, personified as a goddess:
praeclare Ennius: O Fides alma, apta pinnis, et jus jurandum Jovis! Qui jus igitur jurandum violat, is Fidem violat,
Cic. Off. 3, 29, 104 (Enn. Trag. v. 410 ed. Vahl.); cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 74 Müll.; Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 47; 2, 23, 61; 31, 79; id. Leg. 2, 8, 19; 11, 28; Plaut. Cas. prol. 2; id. Aul. 3, 6, 46; 50; 4, 2, 14; Verg. A. 1, 292; Hor. C. 1, 35, 21; 4, 5, 20; id. C. S. 57.
2.
fĭdes, ium, plur., or fides, is, sing., f. [= sphidê], a stringed instrument, lyre, lute, cithern.
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen.
(α).
In plur. (only so in classic prose): Fides genus citharae, Paul. ex Fest. p. 89, 16 Müll.:
(hominis) omnis vultus omnesque voces, ut nervi in fidibus, ita sonant, ut a motu animi quoque sunt pulsae,
Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216;
so different from nervi,
id. Div. 2, 14, 33; id. Leg. 2, 15, 39; id. Brut. 54, 199; id. Fin. 4, 27, 75 (v. Madv. ad h. l., p. 601 sq.):
ut in fidibus aut tibiis, atque in cantu ipso ac vocibus concentus est quidam tenendus ex distinctis sonis, etc.,
id. Rep. 2, 42; id. Fin. 4, 27, 75; cf. id. de Or. 3, 51, 197: Fi. Fides non reddis? Pe. Neque fides neque tibias, Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 77;
with tibiae,
Quint. 1, 10, 14; 20; 11, 3, 59:
Orpheus, Threïciā fretus citharā fidibusque canoris,
Verg. A. 6, 120:
fidibus cantare alicui,
Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 64:
fidibus canere praeclare,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 2, 4; id. Div. 2, 59, 122:
uti,
id. Tusc. 5, 39, 113:
dicere longum melos,
Hor. C. 3, 4, 4:
placare deos,
id. ib. 1, 36, 1:
discere,
Cic. de Sen. 8, 26:
docere aliquem,
id. Fam. 9, 22, 3:
scire,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 53:
vivunt commissi calores Aeoliae fidibus puellae,
Hor. C. 4, 9, 12:
fidibusne Latinis Thebanos aptare modos studet,
i. e. to imitate Pindaric odes in Latin poetry, id. Ep. 1, 3, 12.—
(β).
Sing. ( poet.):
sume fidem et pharetram: fies manifestus Apollo,
Ov. H. 15, 23; so,
Teïa,
Hor. C. 1, 17, 18:
Cyllenea,
id. Epod. 13, 9:
quodsi blandius Orpheo moderere fidem,
id. C. 1, 24, 14.—
2.
Prov.: vetus adagium est: Nihil cum fidibus graculo, i. e. ignoramuses have nothing to do with poetry, Gell. N. A. praef. § 19.—
B.
Esp., Fides, is, f., a constellation, i. q. Lyra, the Lyre:
cedit clara Fides Cyllenia,
Cic. Arat. 381; Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 12;
in the form Fidis,
Col. 11, 2, 14; 40; Sid. Carm. 16, 5.—
* II.
Transf., in sing., i. q. nervus, chorda, a string of a musical instrument:
quae tuba quaeve lyra Flatibus incluta vel fidibus,
Prud. Cath. 3, 81.

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