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tempering

  • 1 temperatio

    tempĕrātĭo, ōnis, f. [tempero].
    I.
    Lit., a due mingling or tempering of ingredients, fit proportion or combination, symmetry, constitution, temperament (class.; esp. freq. in Cic.);

    ut enim corporis temperatio cum ea congruunt inter se, e quibus constamus, sanitas: sic animi dicitur, cum ejus judicia opinionesque concordant: eaque animi est virtus, quam alii ipsam temperantiam dicunt esse, alii obtemperantem temperantiae praeceptis,

    Cic. Tusc 4, 13, 30:

    corporum,

    id. ib. 1, 28, 68;

    1, 10, 21: aeris temperatio,

    composition, temper, id. Verr 2, 4, 44, § 98; cf. id. Ac. 2, 26, 85:

    caerulei temperationes Alexandriae primum sunt inventae,

    Vitr. 7, 11; quae a luna ceterisque [p. 1849] sideribus caeli temperatio fit, Cic. Div. 2, 45, 94; so,

    caeli,

    id. N. D. 2, 5, 13:

    temperatio lunae caelique moderatio efficit hoc,

    id. Div. 2, 45, 94:

    semina temperatione caloris et oriri et augescere,

    id. N. D. 2, 10, 26:

    mensium temperatio,

    id. Leg. 2, 7, 16:

    disciplina ac temperatio civitatis,

    organization, constitution. id. Tusc. 4, 1, 1:

    rei publicae,

    id. Leg. 3, 5, 12:

    ordinum,

    Liv. 9, 46, 15:

    temperatio juris, cum potestas in populo, auctoritas in senatu sit,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 12, 28: sed praesto est hujus vitii temperatio, quod senatus lege nostra confirmatur auctoritas, a means of moderating, qualifying, or tempering, id. ib. § 27.—
    II.
    Transf.: sol dux et princeps et moderator luminum reliquorum, mens mundi et temperatio, the organizing or ordering principle, Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17 (Somn. Scip. 4, 10).

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > temperatio

  • 2 castīgātiō

        castīgātiō ōnis, f    [castigo], a correcting, correction, censure, reproof: castigatio contumeliā vacare debet: tacita, L.: castigationibus adfici: verborum, L.
    * * *
    punishment; reprimand, reproof; pruning (trees/etc.); tempering (speech) (L+S)

    Latin-English dictionary > castīgātiō

  • 3 condīmentum

        condīmentum ī, n    [condio], spice, seasoning: cibi.—Fig., spice, ornament, seasoning: amicitiae: sermonum facetiae: condimenti non nihil habere.
    * * *
    spice, seasoning; that which renders acceptable; condiment; tempering quality

    Latin-English dictionary > condīmentum

  • 4 temperiēs

        temperiēs —, acc. em, abl. ē, f    [temporo], a due mingling, proper mixture, tempering, temperature, temper: ubi temperiem sumpsere umorque calorque, O.: Temperiemque dedit, mixtā cum frigore flammā, i. e. a moderate temperature, O.: caeli mira, Cu.: blandarum aquarum, O.
    * * *
    proper mixture, temper

    Latin-English dictionary > temperiēs

  • 5 conditura

    method of flavoring/seasoning/pickling/preserving (fruit)/tempering (glass); preparing; preserving (fruits); preserving material; condiment, spice; jam

    Latin-English dictionary > conditura

  • 6 aes

    aes, aeris (often used in plur. nom. and acc.; abl. aeribus, Cato ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 27 Müll., and Lucr. 2, 636; gen. AERVM, Inscr. Orell. 3551), n. [cf. Germ. Eisen = iron, Erz = copper; Goth. aiz = copper, gold; Angl.Sax. ar, ær = ore, copper, brass; Eng. iron, ore; Lat. aurum; with the com. notion of brightness; cf. aurora, etc.].
    I.
    Any crude metal dug out of the earth, except gold and silver; esp.,
    a.
    Aes Cyprium, whence cuprum, copper: scoria aeris, copper dross or scoria, Plin. 34, 11, 24, § 107:

    aeris flos,

    flowers of copper, id. 34, 11, 24, § 107:

    squama aeris,

    scales of copper, Cels. 2, 12 init.:

    aes fundere,

    Plin. 33, 5, 30, § 94:

    conflare et temperare,

    id. 7, 56, 57, § 197:

    India neque aes neque plumbum habet,

    id. 34, 17, 48, § 163:

    aurum et argentum et aes,

    Vulg. Ex. 25, 3.—
    b.
    An alloy, for the most part of copper and tin, bronze (brass, an alloy of copper and zinc, was hardly known to the ancients. For their bronze coins the Greeks adhered to copper and tin till B.C. 400, after which they added lead. Silver is rare in Greek bronze coins. The Romans admitted lead into their bronze coins, but gradually reduced the quantity, and, under Calig., Nero, Vesp., and Domit., issued pure copper coins, and then reverted to the mixture of lead. In the bronze mirrors now existing, which are nearly all Etruscan, silver predominated to give a highly reflecting surface. The antique bronze had about 87 parts of copper to 13 of tin. An analysis of several objects has given the following centesimal parts: statua ex aere, Cic. Phil. 9, 6:

    simulacrum ex aere factum,

    Plin. 34, 4, 9, § 15:

    valvas ex aere factitavere,

    id. 34, 3, 7, § 13.—Hence:

    ducere aliquem ex aere,

    to cast one's image in bronze, id. 7, 37, 38, § 125; and in the same sense poet.:

    ducere aera,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 240:

    aes Corinthium,

    Plin. 34, 2, 3, §§ 5-8; v. Corinthius.—
    II.
    Meton.
    A.
    (Esp. in the poets.) For everything made or prepared from copper, bronze, etc. ( statues, tables of laws, money), and (as the ancients had the art of hardening and tempering copper and bronze) weapons, armor, utensils of husbandry: aes sonit, franguntur hastae, the trumpet sounds, Enn. ap. Non. 504, 32 (Trag. v. 213 Vahl.):

    Et prior aeris erat quam ferri cognitus usus: Aere solum terrae tractabant, aereque belli Miscebant fluctus et vulnera vasta serebant, etc.,

    Lucr. 5, 1287:

    quae ille in aes incidit, in quo populi jussa perpetuasque leges esse voluit,

    Cic. Phil. 1, 17; cf. id. Fam. 12, 1; Tac. A. 11, 14; 12, 53; id. H. 4, 40: aere ( with the trumpet, horn) ciere viros, Verg. A. 6, 165:

    non tuba directi, non aeris cornua flexi,

    Ov. M. 1, 98 (hence also rectum aes, the tuba, in contr. with the crooked buccina, Juv. 2, 118); a brazen prow, Verg. A. 1, 35; the brazen age, Hor. Epod. 16, 64.—In plur.: aera, Cato ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 27 Müll.; Verg. A. 2, 734; Hor. C. 4, 8, 2 al.—
    B.
    Money: the first Roman money consisted of small rude masses of copper, called aes rude, Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 43; afterwards as coined:

    aes signatum,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 3; Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 43;

    so aes alone: si aes habent, dant mercem,

    Plaut. As. 1, 3, 49:

    ancilla aere suo empta,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 26: aes circumforaneum. borrowed from the brokers in the forum, Cic. Att. 2, 1: Hic meret aera liber Sosiis, earns them money, Hor. A. P. [p. 61] 345:

    gravis aere dextra,

    Verg. E. 1, 36:

    effusum est aes tuum,

    Vulg. Ez. 16, 36:

    neque in zona aes (tollerent),

    ib. Maarc. 6, 8:

    etiam aureos nummos aes dicimus,

    Dig. 50, 16, 159.—Hence,
    1.
    Aes alienum, lit. the money of another; hence, in reference to him who has it, the sum owed, a debt, Plaut. Curc. 3, 1, 2:

    habere aes alienum,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 6:

    aes alienum amicorum suscipere,

    to take upon one's self, id. Off. 2, 16:

    contrahere,

    to run up, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

    facere,

    id. Att. 13, 46:

    conflare,

    Sall. C. 14, 2; 24, 3:

    in aes alienum incidere,

    to fall into debt, Cic. Cat. 2, 9:

    in aere alieno esse,

    to be in debt, id. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 6; so,

    aere alieno oppressum esse,

    id. Font. 1; so Vulg. 1 Reg. 22, 2:

    laborare ex aere alieno,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 22:

    liberare se aere alieno,

    to get quit of, Cic. Att. 6, 2; so,

    aes alienum dissolvere,

    id. Sull. 56:

    aere alieno exire,

    to get out of, id. Phil. 11, 6.—
    2.
    In aere meo est, trop., he is, as it were, among my effects, he is my friend (only in the language of common conversation):

    in animo habui te in aere meo esse propter Lamiae nostri conjunctionem,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 62; 15, 14.—
    * 3.
    Alicujus aeris esse, to be of some value, Gell. 18, 5.—
    * 4.
    In aere suo censeri, to be esteemed according to its own worth, Sen. Ep. 87.—
    C.
    Sometimes = as, the unit of the standard of money (cf. as); hence, aes grave, the old heary money (as weighed, not counted out):

    denis milibus aeris gravis reos condemnavit,

    Liv. 5, 12:

    indicibus dena milia aeris gravis, quae tum divitiae habebantur, data,

    id. 4, 60; so, aes alone and in the gen. sing., instead of assium:

    aeris miliens, triciens,

    a hundred millions, three millions, Cic. Rep. 3, 10:

    qui milibus aeris quinquaginta census fuisset,

    Liv. 24, 11.—Also for coins that are smaller than an as (quadrans, triens, etc.):

    nec pueri credunt, nisi qui nondum aere, i. e. quadrante, lavantur (those who bathed paid each a quadrans),

    Juv. 2, 152 (cf.:

    dum tu quadrante lavatum Rex ibis,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 137).—
    D.
    Wages, pay.
    1.
    A soldier's pay = stipendium:

    negabant danda esse aera militibus,

    Liv. 5, 4. And soon after: annua aera habes: annuam operam ede.— Hence in plur., = stipendia, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 33.—
    2.
    Reward, payment, in gen., Juv. 6, 125: nullum in bonis numero, quod ad aes exit, that has in view or aims at pay, reward, Sen. Ep. 88.—
    E.
    In plur.: aera, counters; hence also the items of a computed sum (for which, later, a sing. form aera, ae (q. v.), came into use): si aera singula probāsti, summam, quae ex his confecta sit, non probare? Cic. ap. Non. 3, 18.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > aes

  • 7 castigatio

    castīgātĭo, ōnis, f. [castigo], a correcting, chastising, punishment, correction, etc. (in good prose).
    A.
    Lit.
    1.
    In gen., of blows. etc. (rare, and always with gen.:

    fustium,

    Dig. 1, 15, 3:

    flagellorum,

    ib. 48, 19, 7.—
    2.
    Of verbal chastisement, reproof, etc. (class. and freq.):

    omnis et animad. versio et castigatio contumeliā vacare debet,

    Cic. Off. 1, 25, 88; cf. id. ib. 1, 38, 137: admonitio frequens, interdum et castigatio, [p. 298] vindicta rarissima, Vell. 2, 114, 3; Quint. 1, 3, 14; 3, 8, 54:

    tacita,

    Liv. 27, 10, 10; Sen. Ira, 1, 6, 1; 1, 15, 1; 2, 27, 3; id. Ep. 94, 36:

    censoria,

    Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 32; Vulg. Psa. 72, 14.—In plur., Cic. Tusc. 4, 20, 45; Liv. 31, 46, 11 al.—With gen.:

    verborum,

    Liv. 27, 15, 2.—
    B.
    Transf., in gardening, a trimming, lopping of plants, Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 173.—Of the exposure of their roots to the cold, Plin. 17, 28, 47, § 262.—
    II.
    Trop.:

    loquendi,

    the tempering, moderating of the speech, Macr. S. 2, 4, 12.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > castigatio

  • 8 temperies

    tempĕrĭes, ēi, f. [tempero], a due mingling, mixture, or tempering, temperature, temper ( poet. and in post - Aug. prose for the class. temperatio):

    in quo (aere) aequalis omnium temperies fuit,

    Plin. 34, 2, 3, § 8:

    magna et in colore temperies,

    id. 2, 78, 80, § 190; 16, 11, 22, § 54:

    ubi temperiem sumpsere umorque calorque,

    Ov. M. 1, 430:

    nix tegit alta duas (caeli zonas): totidem inter utramque locavit, Temperiemque dedit, mixtā cum frigore flammā,

    i. e. temperateness, moderate temperature, id. ib. 1, 51:

    caeli,

    id. P. 2, 7, 71; Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 3:

    caeli mira temperies, verno tepori maxime similis,

    Curt. 4, 7, 17; 9, 1, 11; cf.:

    auctumnus mitis inter juvenemque senemque Temperie medius,

    Ov. M. 15, 211:

    temperie blandarum captus aquarum,

    id. ib. 4, 344:

    temperiem servant oculi,

    a due proportion, Claud. Cons. Mall. Theod. 217:

    tranquilla morum,

    Stat. S. 2. 6, 48:

    temperies (docet), ut casta petas,

    moderation, temperance, Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 103.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > temperies

См. также в других словарях:

  • Tempering — Tem per*ing, n. (Metal.) The process of giving the requisite degree of hardness or softness to a substance, as iron and steel; especially, the process of giving to steel the degree of hardness required for various purposes, consisting usually in… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Tempering — Tempering. См. Отпуск. (Источник: «Металлы и сплавы. Справочник.» Под редакцией Ю.П. Солнцева; НПО Профессионал , НПО Мир и семья ; Санкт Петербург, 2003 г.) …   Словарь металлургических терминов

  • tempering — index abatement (reduction), mitigating, palliative (abating) Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 …   Law dictionary

  • Tempering — For other uses, see Temper (disambiguation). Tempered steel. The various colors produced indicate the temperature to which the steel was heated. Light straw indicates 204 °C (399 °F) and light blue indicates 337 °C (639 °F) …   Wikipedia

  • tempering — Heat treating of metal alloys, particularly steel, to reduce brittleness and restore ductility. In tempering, steel is slowly heated to a temperature between 300 and 1,300 °F (150 and 700 °C), depending on desired properties, in an oil or salt… …   Universalium

  • tempering — mar·tempering; tempering; …   English syllables

  • tempering — moderating moderating adj. lessening in intensity or strength. Opposite of {intensifying}. [Narrower terms: {tempering}; {weakening}] [WordNet 1.5] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Tempering — Temper Tem per, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Tempered}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Tempering}.] [AS. temprian or OF. temper, F. temp[ e]rer, and (in sense 3) temper, L. temperare, akin to tempus time. Cf. {Temporal}, {Distemper}, {Tamper}.] 1. To mingle in due… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • tempering — a heat treatment applied to ferrous products after hardening. It consists of heating the steel to some temperature below the transformation range and holding for a suitable time at the temperature, followed by cooling at a suitable rate. The… …   Mechanics glossary

  • tempering — atleidimas statusas T sritis chemija apibrėžtis Grūdinto plieno kaitinimas iki 150–650 °C, laikymas (0,5–3 h) joje ir ataušinimas. atitikmenys: angl. tempering rus. отпуск; отпускание …   Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

  • Tempering color — Tempering Tem per*ing, n. (Metal.) The process of giving the requisite degree of hardness or softness to a substance, as iron and steel; especially, the process of giving to steel the degree of hardness required for various purposes, consisting… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

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