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21 ridurre
reduce (a to)prezzi, sprechi reduce, cutpersonale reduce, cut backridurre al silenzio reduce to silenceinformation technology ridurre a icona minimize* * *ridurre v.tr.1 to reduce, to cut* (down); to curtail; to shorten: ridurre il personale, to cut (down) (o to reduce) the staff; ridurre il prezzo di un articolo, to reduce (o to lower o to bring down) the price of an article; ridurre le spese, lo stipendio, to reduce expenses, wages; ridurre una vacanza, to curtail (o to cut short) a holiday; ridurre la velocità, to reduce speed; (econ.) ridurre il capitale, to reduce capital; ridurre il tasso di sconto, to reduce the discount rate; stiamo cercando di ridurre i tempi, we are trying to shorten (o cut) the time // ridurre un'opera letteraria, to abridge a literary work // (mar.) ridurre la velatura, to shorten (o to take in) sail2 ( convertire) to convert, to reduce, to change; ( far diventare) to turn into: ogni volta che vengono gli amici mi riducono la casa un porcile, every time my friends come they turn the house into a pigsty; l'hotel Cavour è stato ridotto in appartamenti l'anno scorso, last year the Hotel Cavour was converted into flats // prima riduci quei dati in metri, first convert those data into metres; ridurre in pezzi, to break into pieces; ridurre in polvere, to turn to dust, to pulverize; ridurre qlco. in briciole, to crumble sthg. up3 ( adattare) to adapt: (cinem.) ridurre per lo schermo, to adapt for the screen; ridurre un testo per le scuole, to adapt (o to simplify) a text for schools4 (chim.) to reduce: ridurre lo stato di ossidazione di un atomo, to reduce the oxidation state of an atom; ridurre nitrogruppi ad aminogruppi, to reduce nitro groups to amino groups; (metall.) ridurre un minerale di rame a rame metallico, to reduce a copper ore to metallic ore5 to reduce: (mat.) ridurre una frazione ai minimi termini, to reduce a fraction to its lowest terms6 (indurre, portare a) to drive*, to reduce; to bring*: ridurre alla disperazione, to drive to despair; ridurre in miseria, al silenzio, to reduce to poverty, to silence; ridurre qlcu. all'obbedienza, to force s.o. to obedience; ridurre in rovina, in fin di vita, to bring to ruin, to the brink of death; fu ridotto a rubare, a mendicare, he was reduced (o driven) to steal, to beg; lo ridurranno alla pazzia, pazzo, they'll drive him mad // la malattia l'ha ridotto male, the illness has left him in a sorry state (o in a bad way); nell'incidente ha ridotto a, in pezzi l'auto, he made a wreck of his car in the accident7 (un abito ecc.) to take* in (a dress)8 (frattura ecc.) to set*; to reduce: ridurre una frattura, to set a broken bone9 (rar.) ( ricondurre) to bring* back, to take* back: ridurre il gregge all'ovile, to bring back the sheep to the fold // ridurre qlcu. alla ragione, to make s.o. see reason.◘ ridursi v.intr.pron.1 to reduce oneself, to come* (down): non volevo ridurmi a questo, I didn't want to come to this; si ridusse a vendere i suoi mobili, he was reduced (o driven) to selling his furniture; le spese si riducono a poco, the expenses come (down) to very little; si riduce sempre all'ultimo a fare le valigie, he always leaves it to the last minute to pack; ridurre allo stretto necessario, to confine oneself to what is strictly necessary2 ( diminuire) to diminish, to decrease; (econ.) ( calcolare) to go* down, to drop: le possibilità di successo si sono ridotte, the possibilities of success have diminished (o decreased); i prezzi si sono ridotti, prices have gone down3 ( diventare) to be reduced, to become*: si è ridotto a pelle e ossa, he was reduced to (o became) skin and bone (o to a skeleton)* * *1. [ri'durre]vb irreg vt1) (gen) Mat to reduce, (prezzo) to reduce, cut, bring down, (pressione) to lessen, (produzione) to cut (back), lower, (spese) to cut down on, cut back on2) (opera letteraria: per la radio, TV) to adapt, (accorciare) to abridge, (brano musicale) to arrange3)ridurre qc in cenere — to reduce sth to ashesè proprio ridotto male o mal ridotto — (oggetto) it's really in bad condition, (persona) he's really in a bad way
2.ridursi vip
1)ridursi (a) — to be reduced (to), (fig : questione, problema) to come down (to)2)ridursi male — to be in a bad state o way* * *[ri'durre] 1.verbo transitivo1) (diminuire) to reduce, to cut* [imposte, spese, costi, personale]; to reduce [dimensioni, velocità, distanza]; to reduce, to shorten [ durata]; to narrow [ divario]; to reduce, to lessen [rischi, probabilità]; to reduce, to bring* down [ disoccupazione]; to reduce, to limit [scelta, influenza]ridurre l'inflazione dell'1% — to cut 1% off inflation
2) (nelle dimensioni) to reduce [foto, documento]; to cut*, to abridge [ testo]3) (trasformare) to reduce (in to)ridurre qcs. in polvere — to reduce o crush sth. to (a) powder
ridurre qcs. a brandelli — to tear sth. to ribbons o shreds
4) (obbligare)ridurre qcn. al silenzio, in miseria — to reduce sb. to silence, to begging
5) med. to reset* [ osso fratturato]2.verbo pronominale ridursi1) (diminuire) [costi, ritardo] to be* reduced; [rischi, spese, velocità, disoccupazione, livello] to decrease; [ divario] to narrow, to close2) (limitarsi)3) (diventare)••* * *ridurre/ri'durre/ [13]1 (diminuire) to reduce, to cut* [imposte, spese, costi, personale]; to reduce [dimensioni, velocità, distanza]; to reduce, to shorten [ durata]; to narrow [ divario]; to reduce, to lessen [rischi, probabilità]; to reduce, to bring* down [ disoccupazione]; to reduce, to limit [scelta, influenza]; ridurre il consumo di alcolici to cut down on alcohol; ridurre l'inflazione dell'1% to cut 1% off inflation; ridurre di un quarto to reduce by a quarter2 (nelle dimensioni) to reduce [foto, documento]; to cut*, to abridge [ testo]3 (trasformare) to reduce (in to); ridurre qcs. in polvere to reduce o crush sth. to (a) powder; ridurre qcs. a brandelli to tear sth. to ribbons o shreds4 (obbligare) ridurre qcn. al silenzio, in miseria to reduce sb. to silence, to begging5 med. to reset* [ osso fratturato]II ridursi verbo pronominale1 (diminuire) [costi, ritardo] to be* reduced; [rischi, spese, velocità, disoccupazione, livello] to decrease; [ divario] to narrow, to close2 (limitarsi) tutto si riduce al fatto che it all comes down to the fact that3 (diventare) la sua voce si ridusse a un sussurro his voice dropped to a whisper; la strada si riduceva a un sentiero the road narrowed to a track- rsi all'ultimo (momento) to leave things to the last minute. -
22 mask
mɑ:sk
1. сущ.
1) а) маска in mask ≈ в маске stocking mask ≈ чулок, натянутый на голову;
маска налетчика surgical mask ≈ хирургическая/санитарная маска oxygen mask ≈ кислородная маска б) защитная маска ski mask ≈ лыжная маска fencing mask ≈ фехтовальная маска gas mask в) маска, слепок death mask
2) личина, маска under the mask of ≈ под маской assume a mask put on a mask wear a mask throw off the mask pull off the mask drop the mask Syn: guise, disguise
1.
3) 'маска' (участник или участница маскарада) Syn: masquer
4) архит. каменное изображение (часто гротескное) лица, помещаемое на замковом камне арки и т. п.;
лепная голова
5) охот. голова лисы или собаки
6) фото светонепроницаемая бумага
7) косметическая маска Syn: face-pack
2. гл.
1) принять участие в маскараде
2) одеть или носить маску;
закрывать лицо маской Doctors and nurses working in an operating theatre have to mask their noses and mouths with a specially clean cloth. ≈ Врачи и сестры, делающие операцию, должны закрывать нос и рот специальной чистой тканью.
3) надевать маску, маскировать, скрывать to mask one's real purpose ≈ скрывать свою истинную цель She masked her suffering with a cheerful smile, and no one doubted her pretended happiness. ≈ Она скрыла свое страдание под маской счастливой улыбки, и никто не догадался, что она притворяется. Syn: disguise
2., conceal
4) а) покрывать для защиты to mask the glass before painting the windows ≈ прикрыть( чем-л.) стекло, прежде чем начать красить окно б) воен. маскировать to mask the fire ≈ загораживать обстрел маска - 'flu * марлевая повязка( надеваемая на нос и рот при эпидемии гриппа) - fencing * фехтовальная маска - to put on /to don/ a * надевать маску - to doff a * снимать маску (театроведение) маска маска, участник или участница маскарада маскарад маска, слепок (с лица умершего, обыкн. гипсовый или восковой) личина, маска - under the * of friendship под маской /видом, личиной/ дружбы - to put on /to assume, to wear/ a * носить маску /личину/, принимать /делать/ вид, притворяться, скрывать свои истинные намерения - he had his hatred for his master under a * of loyalty он прятал свою ненависть к хозяину под личиной преданности - to throw off /to pull off, to drop/ one's * сбросить личину, показать себя в настоящем свете - to tear the * off smb. сорвать маску с кого-л., разоблачить кого-л. - with the * off разоблаченный покров - a * of snow снежный покров, снежная пелена противогаз( военное) укрытие от наблюдения - to reach over *s поражать цели за укрытиями (фотографическое) (кинематографический) маска, каше;
рамка (изображения) (архитектура) лепная голова голова, шкура крупного зверя (как охотничий трофей) (электроника) маска, фотошаблон маскировать, скрывать - to * a door замаскировать дверь - to * one's smile прятать улыбку (военное) маскировать - to * the guns замаскировать орудия изолировать - to * a point of resistance изолировать очаг сопротивления служить препятствием - to * the fire загораживать обстрел, служить препятствием при стрельбе скрывать, прятать (чувства, намерения) - to * one's enmity under an appearance of friendliness скрывать свою враждебность под маской дружелюбия - his smile *ed his anger он улыбался, делая вид, что не сердится надевать личину, притворяться надевать (маскарадную, карнавальную) маску, скрыть свое лицо под маской (военное) надевать противогаз ~ личина;
to assume (или to put on, to wear) a mask притворяться, скрывать свои истинные намерения;
to throw off the mask сбросить личину ~ маска;
death mask маска, слепок (с лица умершего) fill ~ вчт. маска закраски filling ~ вчт. маска закраски interrupt ~ вчт. маска прерывания mask диафрагма ~ личина;
to assume (или to put on, to wear) a mask притворяться, скрывать свои истинные намерения;
to throw off the mask сбросить личину ~ маска, участник или участница маскарада ~ маска;
death mask маска, слепок (с лица умершего) ~ вчт. маска ~ маска ~ воен. маскировать;
to mask the fire загораживать обстрел ~ маскировать, скрывать ~ вчт. маскировать ~ маскировать ~ морда зверя (как охотничий трофей) ~ надевать маску, притворяться ~ накладывать маску ~ воен. противогаз ~ противогаз ~ прятать ~ рамка изображения ~ скрывать ~ вчт. трафарет ~ трафарет ~ фотошаблон ~ вчт. шаблон ~ шаблон ~ воен. маскировать;
to mask the fire загораживать обстрел ~ личина;
to assume (или to put on, to wear) a mask притворяться, скрывать свои истинные намерения;
to throw off the mask сбросить личину -
23 маска
жен. mask (в разл. знач.) ;
guise перен.;
deathmask (с лица умершего) срывать маску с кого-л. ≈ to unmask smb., to tear the mask off smb. кислородная маска ≈ oxygen mask косметическая маска ≈ face pack сбрасывать маску ≈ to throw off/discard the mask;
to show one's true self перен. снимать маску ≈ to unmask;
to take off one's mask (с себя) фехтовальная маска ≈ fencing mask надевать маску ≈ to wear a mask, to play a role под маской ≈ in the guise (of), under the guise/cover of, under/behind a mask of -
24 убирать
1) General subject: adorn, bedeck, caparison, char, clean down (пыль), clean up, deck (украшать чем-л.), deck out, decorate, dight, dismantle, dismantle (и т.п.), do out, do up, dress, dress up, expunge (кого-л.), furl (паруса), gather, gather in, get in (сено, урожай), harvest, harvest (хлеб), hop, houseclean (дом, квартиру), make, neaten, pack, prune (излишества), put aside, put away, put out, put up (вещи и т. п.), remove, slick, stow, stow away, strike (паруса и т. п.), take away, take in (паруса), take off, take up, tidy, tidy away, tidy up, trim, tuck away, unship (весла, руль), keep away, trim oneself up, get in (сено, урожай), clean up (со стола), clear away (со стола), put away (что-л.)3) Naval: secure4) American: side5) Military: spoon up6) Engineering: clean (чистить), clean up (чистить), move away, pull off, remove (удалять), scavenge, take away (удалять), take off (удалять), tidy (приводить в порядок)7) Bookish: expurgate (непристойности, обидные слова), expurge (непристойности, обидные слова), sublate11) Automobile industry: withdraw13) Mechanics: dump14) Business: dismount, dispose of16) Makarov: back away, back off, cut (урожай), dispose of (вывозить, сваливать после удаления), divest, handle (урожай), house (имущество и т.п.), pull (корнеплоды), retract (напр., шасси), shift (прочь), sweep up, clear up, do in, dress a play, dispose of (вывозить сваливать после удаления), do out (помещение и т. п.), clean down (пыль и т. п.), clean up (с пола с земли и т. п.), deck out (флагами цветами и т. п.)17) Taboo: chest -
25 маска
жен.mask (в разл. знач.); guise перен.; deathmask ( с лица умершего)срывать маску с кого-л. — to unmask smb., to tear the mask off smb.
надевать маску — to wear a mask, to play a role
сбрасывать маску — to throw off/discard the mask;to show one's true self перен.
снимать маску — to unmask; to take off one's mask ( с себя)
- 1
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