take+the+lead+in

vb

borrow vb

[lang name="SpanishTraditionalSort"]tomar apuntes, sacar apuntes (LAm) take notes

tomar la delantera take the lead

tomar la determinación make a resolution

tomar la jubilación anticipada take early retirement

tomar el mando take the lead

tomar muestras sample

tomar nota de algo make a note of sth

tomar notas take notes

tomarse un descanso take a break

[lang name="SpanishTraditionalSort"]tomarse permiso, estar de licencia (LAm) take leave

tomarse tiempo take one’s time

ἡγεμον-εύω, [dialect] Dor. [pref] ἁγ-,

A lead the way,

προτὶ Ἴλιον Il.16.92

; πρὸς δώματα, ἀγορήνδε, λέχοσδε, δεῦρο, Od.3.386, 8.4, 23.293, 17.372;

πρόσθ' ἡγεμόνευεν 22.400

, 24.155;

αὖλιν ἐφ' ἡμετέρην Theoc. 25.60

;

ἐπιθυμίας καὶ ἔρωτος ἡγεμονεύσαντος Pl.Smp. 197a

:

c dat. pers., Od.3.386, 8.4, Hes.Th. 387, etc.;

τῇ ἴμεν, ᾗ κεν δὴ σὺ.. ἡγεμονεύῃς Il.15.46

; ὁδὸν ἡ. to lead the way,

ἐγὼ δ' ὁδὸν ἡγεμονεύσω Od.6.261

, cf. Parm.1.5: twice in Hom., c. dat. et acc.,

τοῖσι γέρων ὁδὸν ἡγεμόνευε Od.24.225

; ὕδατι ῥόον ἡ. make a course for the water, Il.21.258.

II lead in war, rule, command, once in Hom., c. dat.,

Τρωσὶ μὲν ἡγεμόνευε.. Ἕκτωρ 2.816

: elsewh., c. gen., Λοκρῶν δ' ἡ. Αἴας ib. 527, cf. 552, Hdt.7.99, 160, etc.; ἡγεμόνων ἡ. X. Ages.1.3, etc.; ἡ. τῆς σκέψεως to take the lead in it, Pl.Prt. 351e: abs., to have or take the command, Hdt.8.2;

ἡ. ἐν πόλει Pl.R. 474c

:— [voice] Pass., to be ruled,

ὑπό τινος Th.3.61

.—Signf. 11 never occurs in Od., and signf. 1 rarely in Il.

III to be governor,

τῆς Συρίας Eu. Luc.2.2

: abs., PTeb.302.7(i A.D.), IGRom.3.162 (Ancyra, ii A.D.), etc.

1. идти, маршировать и т. п. - кого-чего (the resulting PrepP is subj-compl with copula (subj: human or collect) or adv

(to walk, march etc) in front, ahead of others

at the head (of sth.)

2. бытье, стоять, (в)стать и т. п. \Г-20 (the resulting PrepP is subj-compl with copula (subj: human or collect) or obj-compl with поставить кого etc

3. \Г-20 с кем (the resulting PrepP is nonagreeing modif) having s.o. as leader

with s.o. at the head

• ВО ГЛАВЕ

[PrepP; Invar]

=====

1. идти, маршировать и т. п. - кого-чего [the resulting PrepP is subj-compl with copula (subj: human or collect) or adv]

⇒ (to walk, march etc) in front, ahead of others:

- at the head (of sth.);

- leading (s.o. < sth.>);

- in the lead;

- [in limited contexts] in the first row.

     ♦ Полгода назад он [Коля] шёл с лопатой через плечо во главе комсомольского воскресника и пел во всю глотку - а сейчас даже о боли своей не мог рассказать громче шёпота (Солженицын 10). Six months ago he [Kolya] had been striding along, a spade over his shoulder, at the head of a Young Communists' Sunday working party, singing at the top of his voice. Now he could not raise his voice above a whisper, even when talking about his pain (10a).

2. быть, стоять, (в)стать и т.п. - [the resulting PrepP is subj-compl with copula (subj: human or collect) or obj-compl with поставить кого etc (obj: human or collect)]

⇒ (to be) in a position of authority, (to take over) as leader (of s.o. or sth.):

- (be <put s.o.>) at the head (of sth.);

- (be < become>) s.o.'s leader;

- (be < become>) leader of sth.;

- (be <leave s.o. etc>) in charge (of sth.);

- take command of sth.;

- [in limited contexts] take the lead (in sth.);

- spearhead (sth.).

     ♦ По-видимому, он про себя рассуждал так: сегодня женщину поставили во главе государства, а завтра поставят во главе стола (Искандер 4). He apparently reasoned thus: Today they've put a woman at the head of the government, tomorrow they'll put her at the head of the table (4a).

     ♦ [Лорд:] Во главе вас станет ваш царь Кири-Куки 1-ый, а я окажу помощь (Булгаков 1). [Lord:] Your Tsar Kiri-Kuki the First will be our leader, and I will assist (1a).

     ♦ "Я бы, товарищи, ещё трижды подумал, оставлять ли его во главе столь ответственного участка, как Лаборатория № 4" (Аксёнов 6). "I would think twice, comrades, before leaving him in charge of such a sensitive department as Laboratory Number 4" (6a).

     ♦ [Яков Фомин] стал во главе мятежного полка, но... за спиной Фомина правила делами и руководила Фоминым группа большевистски настроенных казаков (Шолохов 4). [Yakov Fomin] took command of the insurgent regiment, but...behind him stood a group of Bolshevik-minded Cossacks who held the reins of power (4a).

3. во главе с кем [the resulting PrepP is nonagreeing modif]

⇒ having s.o. as leader:

- with s.o. at the head;

- under the leadership of;

- led (headed) by.

     ♦ В дежурное помещение, поддерживая друг друга, явилась невероятная компания во главе с известным в городе гражданином, директором санатория имени XIX партсъезда, генералом в отставке Чувиковым (Аксёнов 6). The duty room was invaded by an incredible rabble of people, supporting one another, who were led by a well-known citizen of Yalta, director of the Nineteenth Party Congress Sanatorium, retired Major-General Chuvikov (6a).

     ♦...Она [труппа] однажды явилась во главе с Шарлем Лагранжем и сообщила Мольеру, что ввиду того, что он соединяет с необыкновенными способностями честность и приятное обращение, труппа просит его не беспокоиться: актёры не уйдут искать счастья на стороне, какие бы выгодные предложения им ни делали (Булгаков 5)....One day his [Moliere's] players came to him, headed by Charles La Grange, and assured him that, in view of his fairness and kindness, as well as his extraordinary talents, he had nothing to worry about - they would not leave to seek their fortunes elsewhere no matter how tempting the offers they received (5a).

forehead; ( przód) loc sg; -ele front

* * *

Gen.pl. czół

1. (= górna część twarzy) forehead; z pogodnym l. rozjaśnionym czołem with a smile; (zdobywać coś) w pocie czoła (achieve sth) by the sweat of one's brow; iść z podniesionym czołem walk with one' head high in the air; nosić czoło wysoko walk with one's head high in the air; bić przed kimś czołem kowtow to sb; chylić przed kimś czoło take one's hat off to sb; marszczyć czoło frown, furrow one's brow; puknij się w czoło! you must be out of your mind l. gourd!; stawić komuś/czemuś czoło meet l. face sb/sth, make head against sb/sth, face up to sb/sth, face sb/sth down; mieć coś wypisane na czole show sth.

2. (= przednia część) head, front; czoło fali fiz. wave front; czoło pochodu/grupy head of a procession/group; na czele at the head, at the lead; na czele z kimś under the leadership of sb; postawić kogoś na czele put sb at the head, bring sb to the fore; stać na czele czegoś manage sth, control l. head sth, lead sth; wysunąć się na czoło take the lead, come to the fore.

* * *

(geng; gekk, gengum; genginn), v.

1) to walk (reið jarl, en Karkr gekk);

2) to go;

ganga heim, to go home;

ganga braut, to go away;

ganga til hvílu, to go to bed;

ganga á skip, to go on board;

ganga af skipi, to go ashore;

with infin., ganga sofa or at sofa, to go to sleep;

ganga at eiga konu, to marry a woman;

3) to go about grazing, to graze (kálfrinn gekk í túni um sumarit);

4) of a ship, to run, sail (gekk skipit brátt út á haf);

5) to stretch out, extend, project (nes mikit gekk í sæ út);

6) of report, tales, to be current (litlar sögur megu ganga af hesti mínum);

7) to prevail;

gekk þaðan af í Englandi Valska, thereafter the French tongue prevailed in E.;

8) of money, to be current (peningar þeir, sem nú ganga);

of laws, to be valid (þau lög, er gengu á Uppsalaþingi);

of sickness, plague, famine, to rage (þá gekk landfarsótt, drepsótt, hallæri);

9) to go on, last (gnustu þá saman vápnin, ok gekk þat um hríð);

impers., gekk því lengi, so it went on for a long while;

10) láta ganga e-t, to let go on;

láta höggin ganga, to rain blows;

Birkibeinar létu ganga lúðrana, blew the trumpets vigorously;

11) to succeed;

ef þat gengr eigi, if that will not do;

impers., svá þykt, at þeim gekk þar eigi at fara, so close, that they could not go on there;

þeim gekk ekki fyrir nesit, they could not clear the ness;

12) to turn out, go in a specified way;

ganga andæris, to go all wrong;

mart gengr verr en varir, many a thing goes worse than is looked for;

gekk þeim lítt atsókinn, they made little progress with the attack;

impers., e-m gengr vel (illa), one fares (goes on, gets on) well (badly);

13) with acc., ganga e-n á bak, to force one to go backwards (harm gengr bjöninn á bak);

14) with dat., to discharge (gekk bann þá blóði);

15) with preps. and adverbs:

ganga af e-u, to depart from, leave (þá gekk af honum móðrinn);

ganga af vitinu, to go out of one’s wits;

ganga af trú sinni, to apostatize;

to pass (síðan gengu af páskarnir);

to go off (gekk þegar af höfuðit);

to be left as surplus (þat er af skuldinni gekk);

nú gengr honum hey af, now he has some hay left;

ganga af sér, to go to extremities, to go beyond oneself (mjök ganga þeir fóstbrœðr nú af sé);

ganga aptr, to revert (return) to the former proprietor (síðan gengu þau lönd aptr undir Árna);

to be void, annulled (þá skal kaup aptr ganga);

of a ghost, to walk again; of a door, to close, shut (gekk eigi aptr hurðin);

ganga at e-m, to attack one;

ganga at e-u, to agree to, accept a choice or offer (Flosi gekk fljótt at þessu öllu); to fit (skaltu fá mér lukla þá, sem ganga at kistum yðrum);

ganga á e-t, to encroach upon (ganga á ríki e-s); to break (ganga á orð sín, eiða, grið, sættir, trygðir); to pierce, penetrate;

hann var í panzara, er ekki gekk á, that was proof against any weapons;

ganga á vald e-s or e-m, ganga á hönd (hendr) e-m, to submit to, give oneself up to, surrender to one;

ganga á bak e-u, to contravene;

ganga eptir e-u, to go for, go to fetch (göngum heim eptir verðinu); to pursue, claim;

ganga eptir, to prove true, be fulfilled (þetta gekk allt eptir, sem M. sagði fyrir);

ganga frá e-u, to part with, lose (sumir munu ganga frá öllu fénu);

ganga fram, to step forward;

ganga fram vel, to go forward bravely, in a battle;

to come to pass, come into execution (skal þess bíða, er þetta gengr fram);

to increase (fé Hall gerðar gekk fram ok gørðist allmikit);

to depart this life (H. bóndi gengr fram til frænda sinna);

ganga fyrir e-n, to present oneself before one (ganga fyrir konung);

ganga fyrir e-u, to take charge of, manage (var þar mart fólk, en húsbóndi gekk svá fyrir, at ekkert skorti); to yield to, be swayed by (hann gekk þá fyrir fortölum hennar);

ganga í gegn e-m, to set oneself against one;

ganga í gegn e-u, to confess, acknowledge;

maðr gengr í gegn, at á braut kveðst tekit hafa, the man confessed and said that he had taken it away;

ganga í mál, to undertake a case;

ganga með e-m (of a woman), to marry;

ganga með barni, to be with child;

ganga með burði (of animals), to be with young;

ganga með e-u, to assist in, plead (ganga með máli, bónorði);

ganga milli (á m., í m.), to go between, intercede;

ganga móti (á m., í m.) e-m, to go to meet one;

ganga móti e-u, to resist, oppose;

to confess, = ganga í gegn, ganga við e-u;

ganga nær e-m, to be troublesome to one (þótti hón œrit nær ganga Þórgerði);

ganga e-m nær, to approach, come near to one (sá hefir á brott komizt, er næst gekk Gunnari um alla hluti);

ganga saman, to marry;

of an agreement, bargain, to be brought about;

saman gekk kaupit með þeim, they came to a bargain;

ganga sundr (í s.), to go asunder, part;

ganga til, to go up to a thing (gangit til ok hyggit at); of the wind, to veer (veðrit gekk til útsuðrs);

e-m gengr e-t til e-s, one has some reason for doing a thing;

en þat gekk mér til þess (that was my reason), at ek ann þér eigi;

hversu hefir ykkr til gengit, how have you fared?

Loka gekk lítt til, it fared ill with L.;

ganga um e-t, to go about a thing;

ganga um beina, to wait upon guests;

ganga um sættir, to go between, as peacemaker;

ganga um e-n, to befall, happen to one (þess, er um margan gengr guma); of the wind, to go round, veer (gekk um veðrit ok styrmdi at þeim); to manage (fékk hón svá um gengit, at);

ganga undan, to escape to absent oneself;

g. undir e-t, to take upon oneself, undertake (a duty);

ganga undir e-n, to subject oneself to;

ganga upp, to be wasted (of money);

to get loose, to he torn loose (þeir glímdu svá at upp gengu stokkar allir á húsinu);

of a storm, gale, to get up, rise (veðr gekk upp);

of an ice-bound river, áin var gengin upp, swollen with ice;

ganga við staf, to walk with a stick;

ganga við e-u or e-t, to avow;

ganga yfir e-t, to go beyond, disregard (hann vildi eigi ganga yfir þat, er hann vissi réttast);

ganga yfir e-n, to overcome, to befall, happen to one;

slíkt sem yfir hefir gengit, all that has happened;

eitt skal yfir okkr ganga, we shall share one fate;

16) refl., gangast.

1) walking (hann mœddist í göngu);

vera í göngu, to be on foot, to walk;

2) course (ganga tungls, vinds).

* * *

pret. gekk or gékk, 2nd pers. gékkt, mod. gékst; pl. gengu, geingu, or géngu, and an old poët. gingu; gengengu in Vsp. 12 is a mere misspelling (vide Sæm. Möb. 258); pres. geng, pl. göngum; pret. subj. gengi (geingi); imperat. gakk and gakktú; with the neg. suffix geng-at, gengr-at, gékk-at, gakk-attu, passim; a middle form göngumk firr, go from me, Gm. 1: a contracted form gá occurs now and then in mod. hymns; it is not vernacular but borrowed from Germ. and Dan.: [cp. Ulf. gaggan; A. S. and Hel. gangan; Scot. and North. E. gang, mod. Engl. go; Dan.-Swed. gange or gå; Germ. gehen; Ivar Aasen ganga: Icel., Scots, and Norsemen have preserved the old ng, which in Germ. and Swed.-Dan. only remains in poetry or in a special sense, e. g. in Germ. compds.]

A. To go:

I. to walk; reið jarl en Karkr gékk, Fms. i. 210, Rm. 1, 2, 6, 14, 23, 24, 30, Edda 10, Grág. ii. 95, passim; ganga leiðar sinnar, to go one’s way, Fms. x. 290, Krók. 26: adding acc., g. alla leið, Fms. xi. 202, 299; g. berg, to climb a cliff; g. afréttar, to search the fell-pastures (fjallganga), Háv. 39; also g. ( to climb) í fjall, í kletta, Fms. x. 313: Icel. also say, ganga skó og sokka, to wear out shoes and socks; hann gékk tvenna skó; ganga berserks gang, q. v.

β. absol. to go a-begging, Grág. i. 226, 232, Ísl. ii. 25; ganga vergang, húsgang, id. (göngumaðr).

II. adding adverbs, infinitives, adjectives, or the like,

α. an adverb denoting direction; g. út ok inn, Vkv. 4, Lv. 26; g. inn, Fms. i. 16, vi. 33; g. út, to go out, Lat. exire, Nj. 194; g. aptr, to return, Fms. x. 352; g. fram, to step forward, Hm. 1, Eg. 165; g. upp, to go up, ashore; g. ofan, niðr, to go down; g. heiman, 199; g. heim, to go home; gakk hingat, come hither! 488; g. móti, í gegn e-m, to go against, to meet one; g. braut, to go away; g. til e-s, or at e-m, to go to one; g. frá e-m, to leave one; g. með e-m, to go with one; g. hjá, to pass by; g. saman, to go together; g. yfir, to go over; g. gegnum, to go through; g. undir, to go under; g. undan, fyrir, to go before; g. eptir, to go behind; g. um, to rove, stroll about, and so on passim; g. í sæti, to go to one’s seat, take a seat, Eg. 551; g. til hvílu, to go to bed, Nj. 201; g. til matar, to go to dinner, Sturl. iii. 111, Eg. 483; g. til vinnu, verks, to go to one’s work, cp. Hm. 58; g. í kirkju, to go to church, Rb. 82; g. á fjall, to go on the fells, Hrafn. 34; g. á skip, to go on board, Fms. x. 10; g. af skipi, to go ashore.

β. with infin., in old poems often dropping ‘at;’ ganga sofa, to go to sleep, Fm. 27; g. at sofa, Hm. 19; g. vega, to go to fight, Vsp. 56, Ls. 15; g. at eiga konu, to go to be married, Grág. i. 318.

γ. with an adj.; g. hræddr, to be afraid; g. úviss, to be in ignorance, etc., Fms. vii. 271, Sks. 250, 688.

2. in a more special sense; g. til einvígis, bardaga, to go to a duel, battle, Nj. 64; g. á hólm (hólmganga), Eg. 504, 506; g. á eintal, Nj. 103; g. til máls við e-n, to speak to one, Eg. 199, 764; g. í glímu, to go a-wrestling, Ísl. ii. 246; g. á fang, id., Ld. 206; g. í danz, to go a-dancing; g. til skripta, to go to shrift, Hom. 157; g. at brúðkaupi, to go to be married, Fms. vii. 278; g. í skóla, klaustr, to go to school, go into a cloister (as an inmate), (hence skóla-genginn, a school-man, scholar), Bs. passim; g. í þjónustu, to take service, Nj. 268; g. í lið með e-m, to enter one’s party, side with one, 100; g. í lög, to enter a league with one; g. ór lögum, to go out of a league, passim; g. í félag, ór félagi, id.; g. á mala, to take service as a soldier, 121; g. á hönd, g. til handa, to submit to one as a liegeman, surrender, Eg. 19, 33, Ó. H. 184, Fms. vii. 180; g. á vald e-m, to give oneself up, Nj. 267; g. á hendr e-m, to encroach upon, Ver. 56; g. í skuld, to bail, Grág. i. 232, Dipl. ii. 12; g. í trúnað, to warrant, Fms. xi. 356; g. til trygða, Nj. 166, and g. til griða, to accept truce, surrender, Fas. ii. 556; g. í mál, to enter, undertake a case, Nj. 31; g. í ánauð, to go into bondage, Eg. 8; g. til lands, jarðar, ríkis, arfs, to take possession of …, 118, Stj. 380, Grág., Fms. passim; g. til fréttar, to go to an oracle, take auspices, 625. 89; g. til Heljar, a phrase for to die, Fms. x. 414; g. nær, to go nigh, go close to, press hard on, Ld. 146, 322, Fms. xi. 240 (where reflex.); var sá viðr bæði mikill og góðr því at Þorkell gékk nær, Th. kept a close eye on it, Ld. 316.

B. Joined with prepp. and adverbs in a metaph. sense:—g. af, to depart from, go off; þá gékk af honum móðrinn ok sefaðisk hann, Edda 28; þá er af honum gékk hamremin, Eg. 125, Eb. 136, Stj. 118; g. af sér, to go out of or beyond oneself; mjök g. þeir svari-bræðr nú af sér, Fbr. 32; í móti Búa er hann gengr af sér ( rages) sem mest, Fb. i. 193; þá gékk mest af sér ranglæti manna um álnir, Bs. i. 135: so in the mod. phrases, g. fram af sér, to overstrain oneself; and g. af sér, to fall off, decay: to forsake, g. af trú, to apostatize, Fms. ii. 213; g. af vitinu, to go out of one’s wits, go mad, Post. 656 C. 31; g. af Guðs boðorðum, Stj. passim: to pass. Páskar g. af, Ld. 200: to be left as surplus (afgangr), Rb. 122, Grág. i. 411, K. Þ. K. 92:—g. aptr, to walk again, of a ghost (aptrganga), Ld. 58, Eb. 278, Fs. 131, 141, passim; and absol., g. um híbýli, to hunt, Landn. 107: to go back, be void, of a bargain, Gþl. 491:—g. at e-m, to go at, attack, Nj. 80, 160: to press on, Grág. i. 51, Dipl. ii. 19 (atgangr): g. at e-u, to accept a choice, Nj. 256; g. at máli, to assist, help, 207: to fit, of a key, lykla þá sem g. at kístum yðrum, Finnb. 234, Fbr. 46 new Ed., N. G. L. i. 383: medic. to ail, e-ð gengr at e-m; ok gengr at barni, and if the bairn ails, 340, freq. in mod. usage of ailment, grief, etc.:—g. á e-t, to go against, encroach upon; ganga á ríki e-s, Fms. i. 2; g. upp á, to tread upon, vii. 166; hverr maðr er ólofat gengr á mál þeirra, who trespasses against their measure, Grág. i. 3: to break, g. á orð, eiða, sættir, trygðir, grið, Finnb. 311, Fms. i. 189, Ld. 234; g. á bak e-u, to contravene, Ísl. ii. 382; ganga á, to go on with a thing, Grág. ii. 363; hence the mod. phrase, mikið gengr á, much going on; hvað gengr á, what is going on? það er farið að g. á það (of a task or work or of stores), it is far advanced, not much left:—g. eptir, to go after, pursue, claim (eptirgangr), Nj. 154, Þórð. 67, Fms. vii. 5; g. eptir e-m, to humour one who is cross, in the phrase, g. eptir e-m með grasið í skónum; vertu ekki að g. eptir stráknum; hann vill láta g. eptir ser (of a spoilt boy, cross fellow): to prove true, follow, hón mælti mart, en þó gékk þat sumt eptir, Nj. 194; eptir gékk þat er mér bauð hugr um, Eg. 21, Fms. x. 211:—g. fram, to go on well in a battle, Nj. 102, 235, Háv. 57 (framgangr): to speed, Nj. 150, Fms. xi. 427: to grow, increase (of stock), fé Hallgerðar gékk fram ok varð allmikit, Nj. 22; en er fram gékk mjök kvikfé Skallagríms, Eg. 136, Vígl. 38: to come to pass, skal þess bíða er þetta gengr fram, Nj. 102, Fms. xi. 22: to die, x. 422:—g. frá, to leave (a work) so and so; g. vel frá, to make good work; g. ílla frá, to make bad work; það er ílla frá því gengið, it is badly done:—g. fyrir, to go before, to yield to, to be swayed by a thing; heldr nú við hót, en ekki geng ek fyrir slíku, Fms. i. 305; þó at vér gangim heldr fyrir blíðu en stríðu, ii. 34, Fb. i. 378, Hom. 68; hvárki gékk hann fyrir blíðyrðum né ógnarmálum, Fms. x. 292; hann gékk þá fyrir fortülum hennar, Bs. i. 742: in mod. usage reflex., gangast fyrir íllu, góðu: to give away, tók hann þá at ganga fyrir, Fb. i. 530: Icel. now say, reflex., gangast fyrir, to fall off, from age or the like (vide fyrirgengiligr): to prevent, skal honum þá eigi fyrnska fyrir g., N. G. L. i. 249; þá er hann sekr þrem mörkum nema nauðsyn gangi fyrir, 14; at þeim gangi lögleg forföll fyrir, Gþl. 12:—g. í gegn, to go against, to meet, in mod. usage to deny, and so it seems to be in Gþl. 156; otherwise in old writers it always means the reverse, viz. to avow, confess; maðr gengr í gegn, at á braut kveðsk tekit hafa, the man confessed and said that he had taken it away, Ísl. ii. 331; ef maðr gengr í gegn legorðinu, Grág. i. 340; sá goði er í gegn gékk ( who acknowledged) þingfesti hans, 20; hann iðraðisk úráðs síns, ok gékk í gegn at hann hefði saklausan selt herra sinn, Sks. 584,—this agrees with the parallel phrase, g. við e-t, mod. g. við e-u, to confess, both in old and mod. usage, id.:—g. hjá, to pass by, to waive a thing, Fms. vi. 168:—g. með, to go with one, to wed, marry (only used of a woman, like Lat. nubere), þú hefir þvert tekit at g. með mér, Ld. 262, Sd. 170, Grág. i. 178, Þiðr. 209, Gkv. 2. 27, Fms. xi. 5: medic., g. með barni, to go with child, i. 57; with acc. (barn), Bs. i. 790, and so in mod. usage; a mother says, sama sumarið sem eg gékk með hann (hana) N. N., (meðgöngutími); but dat. in the phrase, vera með barni, to be with child; g. með burði, of animals, Sks. 50, Stj. 70; g. með máli, to assist, plead, Eg. 523, Fms. xi. 105, Eb. 210; g. með e-u, to confess [Dan. medgaae], Stj., but rare and not vernacular:—g. milli, to go between, intercede, esp. as a peacemaker, passim (milli-ganga, meðal-ganga):—g. í móti, to resist, Nj. 90, 159, 171: of the tide, en þar gékk í móti útfalls-straumr, Eg. 600:—g. saman, to go together, marry, Grág. i. 324, Fms. xi. 77: of a bargain, agreement, við þetta gékk saman sættin, Nj. 250; saman gékk kaupit með þeim, 259:—g. sundr, to go asunder, part, and of a bargain, to be broken off, passim:—g. til, to step out, come along; gangit til, ok blótið, 623. 59; gangit til, ok hyggit at, landsmenn, Fms. iv. 282: to offer oneself, to volunteer, Bs. i. 23, 24: the phrase, e-m gengr e-ð til e-s, to purpose, intend; en þat gékk mér til þess ( that was my reason) at ek ann þér eigi, etc., Ísl. ii. 269; sagði, at honum gékk ekki ótrúnaðr til þessa, Fms. x. 39; gékk Flosa þat til, at …, Nj. 178; gengr mér meirr þat til, at ek vilda firra vini mína vandræðum, Fms. ii. 171; mælgi gengr mér til, ‘tis that I have spoken too freely, Orkn. 469, Fms. vi. 373, vii. 258: to fare, hversu hefir ykkr til gengið, how have you fared? Grett. 48 new Ed.; Loka gékk lítt til, it fared ill with L., Fb. i. 276: mod., þat gékk svá til, it so happened, but not freq., as bera við is better, (tilgangr, intention):—g. um e-t, to go about a thing; g. um sættir, to go between, as peacemaker, Fms. v. 156; g. um beina, to attend guests, Nj. 50, passim: to manage, fékk hón svá um gengit, Grett. 197 new Ed.; hversu þér genguð um mitt góðs, 206: to spread over, in the phrase, má þat er um margan gengr; þess er um margan gengr guma, Hm. 93: to veer, go round, of the wind, gékk um veðrit ok styrmdi at þeim, the wind went round and a gale met them, Bs. i. 775:—g. undan, to go before, escape, Ver. 15, Fms. vii. 217, Blas. 49: to be lost, wasted, jafnmikit sem undan gékk af hans vanrækt, Gþl. 338: to absent oneself, eggjuðusk ok báðu engan undan g., Fms. x. 238:—g. undir, to undertake a duty, freq.: to set, of the sun, Rb. 468, Vígl. (in a verse): to go into one’s possession, power, Fms. vii. 207;—g. upp, to be wasted, of money, Fær. 39, Fms. ix. 354: of stones or earth-bound things, to get loose, be torn loose, þeir glímdu svá at upp gengu stokkar allir í húsinu, Landn. 185; flest gékk upp þat sem fyrir þeim varð, Háv. 40, Finnb. 248; ok gékk ór garðinum upp ( was rent loose) garðtorfa frosin, Eb. 190: to rise, yield, when summoned, Sturl. iii. 236: of a storm, gale, to get up, rise, veðr gékk upp at eins, Grett. 94, Bárð. 169; gengr upp stormr hinn sami, Bs. ii. 50: of an ice-bound river, to swell, áin var ákafliga mikil, vóru höfuðísar at báðum-megin, en gengin upp ( swoln with ice) eptir miðju, Ld. 46, Fbr. 20 new Ed., Bjarn. 52; vötnin upp gengin, Fbr. 114; áin var gengin upp ok íll yfirferðar, Grett. 134:—g. við, in the phrase, g. við staf, to go with a staff, rest on it: with dat., g. við e-u, to avow (vide ganga í gegn above):—g. yfir, to spread, prevail, áðr Kristnin gengi yfir, Fms. x. 273; hétu á heiðin goð til þess at þau léti eigi Kristnina g. yfir landit, Bs. i. 23: the phrase, láta eitt g. yfir báða, to let one fate go over both, to stand by one another for weal and woe; hefi ek því heitið honum at eitt skyldi g. yfir okkr bæði, Nj. 193, 201, 204, Gullþ. 8: so in the saying, má þat er yfir margan gengr, a common evil is easier to bear, Fbr. 45 new Ed. (vide um above); muntu nú verða at segja slíkt sem yfir hefir gengið, all that has happened, Fms. xi. 240; þess gengr ekki yfir þá at þeir vili þeim lengr þjóna, they will no longer serve them, come what may, Orkn. 84: to overrun, tyrannize over, þeir vóru ójafnaðar menn ok ganga þar yfir alla menn, Fms. x. 198 (yfirgangr): to transgress, Hom. 109: to overcome, þótti öllum mönnum sem hann mundi yfir allt g., Fms. vii. 326: a naut. term, to dash over, as spray, áfall svá mikit at yfir gékk þegar skipit, Bs. i. 422; hence the metaph. phrase, g. yfir e-n, to be astonished; það gengr yfir mig, it goes above me, I am astonished.

C. Used singly, of various things:

1. of cattle, horses, to graze (haga-gangr); segja menn at svín hans gengi á Svínanesi, en sauðir á Hjarðarnesi, Landn. 124, Eg. 711; kálfrinn óx skjótt ok gékk í túni um sumarit, Eb. 320; Freyfaxi gengr í dalnum fram, Hrafn. 6; þar var vanr at g. hafr um túnit, Nj. 62; þar var til grass (görs) at g., Ld. 96, Grág. passim; gangandi gripr, cattle, beasts, Bjarn. 22; ganganda fé, id., Sturl. i. 83, Band. 2, Ísl. ii. 401.

2. of shoals of fish, to go up, in a river or the like (fiski-ganga, -gengd); vötn er netnæmir fiskar g. í, Grág. i. 149; til landauðnar horfði í Ísafirði áðr fiskr gékk upp á Kvíarmiði, Sturl. ii. 177; fiskr er genginn inn ór álum, Bb. 3. 52.

3. of the sun, stars, vide B. above, (sólar-gangr hæstr, lengstr, and lægstr skemstr = the longest and shortest day); áðr sól gangi af Þingvelli, Grág. i. 24; því at þar gékk eigi sól af um skamdegi, Landn. 140, Rb. passim:—of a thunder-storm, þar gékk reiði-duna með eldingu, Fb. iii. 174:—of the tide, stream, water, vide B. above, eða gangi at vötn eða skriður, K. Þ. K. 78.

4. of a ship, gékk þá skipit mikit, Eg. 390, Fms. vi. 249; létu svá g. suðr fyrir landit, Eg. 78; lét svá g. suðr allt þar til er hann sigldi í Englands-haf, Ó. H. 149; réru nótt ok dag sem g. mátti, Eg. 88; gékk skipit brátt út á haf, Ó. H. 136.

β. to pass; kvað engi skip skyldi g. (go, pass) til Íslands þat sumar, Ld. 18.

II. metaph. to run out, stretch out, project, of a landscape or the like; gengr haf fyrir vestan ok þar af firðir stórir, Eg. 57; g. höf stór ór útsjánum inn í jörðina; haf (the Mediterranean) gengr af Njörva-sundum (the Straits of Gibraltar), Hkr. i. 5; nes mikit gékk í sæ út, Eg. 129, Nj. 261; í gegnum Danmörk gengr sjór (the Baltic) í Austrveg, A. A. 288; fyrir austan hafs-botn þann (Bothnia) er gengr til móts við Gandvík (the White Sea), Orkn. begin.: frá Bjarmalandi g. lönd til úbygða, A. A. 289; Europa gengr allt til endimarka Hispaniae, Stj. 83; öllum megin gengr at henni haf ok kringir um hana, 85; þessi þinghá gékk upp ( extended) um Skriðudal, Hrafn. 24: of houses, af fjósi gékk forskáli, Dropl. 28.

2. to spread, branch out; en af því tungurnar eru ólíkar hvár annarri, þær þegar, er ór einni ok hinni sömu hafa gengit eða greinzt, þá þarf ólíka stafi í at hafa, Skálda (Thorodd) 160: of a narrative, gengr þessi saga mest af Sverri konungi, this story goes forth from him, i. e. relates to, tells of him, Fb. ii. 533; litlar sögur megu g. af hesti mínum, Nj. 90; um fram alla menn Norræna þá er sögur g. frá, Fms. i. 81.

III. to take the lead, prevail; gékk þaðan af í Englandi Valska, thereafter (i. e. after the Conquest) the Welsh tongue prevailed in England, Ísl. ii. 221; ok þar allt sem Dönsk tunga gengi, Fms. xi. 19; meðan Dönsk tunga gengr, x. 179:—of money, to be current, hundrað aura þá er þá gengu í gjöld, Dropl. 16; eigi skulu álnar g. aðrar en þessar, Grág. i. 498; í þenna tíð gékk hér silfr í allar stórskuldir, 500, Fms. viii. 270; eptir því sem gengr ( the course) flestra manna í millum, Gþl. 352:—of laws, to be valid, ok var nær sem sín lög gengi í hverju fylki, Fms. iv. 18; Óðinn setti lög í landi sínu þau er gengit höfðu fyrr með Ásum, Hkr. i. 13; þeirra laga er gengu á Uppsala-þingi, Ó. H. 86; hér hefir Kristindóms-bálk þann er g. skal, N. G. L. i. 339; sá siðr er þá gékk, Fb. i. 71, (vide ganga yfir):—of sickness, plague, famine, to rage, þá gékk landfarsótt, bóla, drepsótt, hallæri, freq.; also impers., gékk því hallæri um allt Ísland, Bs. i. 184; mikit hallæri ok hart gékk yfir fólkið, 486, v. l.; gékk sóttin um haustið fyrir sunnan land; þá gékk mest plágan fyrri, Ann. 1402, 1403.

IV. to go on, last, in a bad sense, of an evil; tókst síðan bardagi, ok er hann hafði gengit um hríð, Fs. 48: impers., hefir þessu gengit ( it has gone on) marga manns-aldra, Fms. i. 282; gékk því lengi, so it went on a long while, Grett. 79 new Ed.; gékk þessu enn til dags, Nj. 272; ok gékk því um hríð, 201; ok gékk því allan þann dag, Fms. vii. 147; lát því g. í allt sumar, xi. 57; gengr þessu þar til er …, Fb. i. 258.

V. denoting violence; létu g. bæði grjót ok vápn, Eg. 261; létu þá hvárir-tveggju g. allt þat er til vápna höfðu, Fms. ix. 44; láta höggin g., to let it rain blows, Úlf. 12. 40; háðung, spottyrði, hróp ok brigzl hver lét með öðrum g. á víxl, Pass. 14. 3, (vápna-gangr); Birkibeinar róa þá eptir, ok létu g. lúðrana, and sounded violently the alarum, Fms. ix. 50, (lúðra-gangr); láta dæluna g., to pour out bad language, vide dæla.

VI. to be able to go on, to go, partly impers.; ef þat gengr eigi, if that will not do, Fms. vi. 284; svá þykt at þeim gékk þar ekki at fara, they stood so close that they could not proceed there, Nj. 247; þá nam þar við, gékk þá eigi lengra, there was a stop; then it could go no farther, Fms. xi. 278; leiddu þeir skipit upp eptir ánni, svá sem gékk, as far as the ship could go, as far as the river was navigable, Eg. 127: esp. as a naut. term, impers., e. g. þeim gékk ekki fyrir nesið, they could not clear the ness; þá gengr eigi lengra, ok fella þeir þá seglið, Bs. i. 423; at vestr gengi um Langanes, 485, v. l.

VII. with adverbs; g. létt, fljótt, to go smoothly; g. þungt, seint, to go slowly; oss munu öll vápna-viðskipti þungt g. við þá, Nj. 201; þungt g. oss nú málaferlin, 181; gékk þeim lítt atsóknin, Stj. 385; at þeim feðgum hefði þá allir hlutir léttast gengit, Bs. i. 274; seint gengr, Þórir, greizlan, Ó. H. 149; g. betr, verr, to get the better, the worse; gékk Ribbungum betr í fyrstu, Fms. ix. 313; gengu ekki mjök kaupin, the bargain did not go well, Nj. 157, cp. ganga til (B. above):—to turn out, hversu g. mundi orrostan, 273; gékk þá allt eptir því sem Hallr hafði sagt, 256; ef kviðir g. í hag sækjanda, if the verdict goes for the plaintiff, Grág. i. 87; þótti þetta mál hafa gengit at óskum, Dropl. 14; mart gengr verr en varir, a saying, Hm. 39; þykir honum nú at sýnu g. ( it seems to him evident) at hann hafi rétt hugsað, Fms. xi. 437; g. andæris, to go all wrong, Am. 14; g. misgöngum, to go amiss, Grág. i. 435; g. e-m í tauma, to turn false ( crooked); þat mun mér lítt í tauma g. er Rútr segir, Nj. 20; g. ofgangi, to go too high, Fms. vii. 269.

VIII. of a blow or the like; hafði gengit upp á miðjan fetann, the axe went in up to the middle of the blade, Nj. 209; gékk þegar á hol, 60; gékk í gegnum skjöldinn, 245, Fb. i. 530.

IX. of law; láta próf g., to make an enquiry; láta vátta g., to take evidence, D. N.

X. to be gone, be lost; gékk hér með holdit niðr at beini, the flesh was torn off, Fb. i. 530: esp. in pass. part. genginn, dead, gone, eptir genginn guma, Hm. 71; moldar-genginn, buried, Sl. 60; hel-genginn, 68; afli genginn, gone from strength, i. e. powerless, Skv. 3. 13.

β. gone, past; gengið er nú það görðist fyr, a ditty; mér er gengið heimsins hjól, gone for me is the world’s wheel ( luck), a ditty.

XI. used as transit. with acc.; hann gengr björninn á bak aptr, he broke the bear’s back in grappling with him, Finnb. 248; ok gengr hana á bak, ok brýtr í sundr í henni hrygginn, Fb. i. 530.

2. medic. with dat. to discharge; ganga blóði, to discharge blood (Dan. blodgang), Bs. i. 337, 383; Arius varð bráðdauðr ok gékk ór sér öllum iðrum, Ver. 47.

D. REFLEX.:

I. singly, gangask, to be altered, to change, be corrupted; gangask í munni, of tradition; var þat löng ævi, ok vant at sögurnar hefði eigi gengisk í munni, Ó. H. pref.; má því eigi þetta mál í munni gengisk hafa, Fb. ii. Sverr. S. pref.; ok mættim vér ráða um nokkut, at málit gengisk, that the case could miscarry, be lost, Glúm. 380:—láta gangask, to let pass. waive; lét Páll þá g. þá hluti er áðr höfðu í millum staðit, Sturl. i. 102; ef þú lætr eigi g. þat er ek kref þik, Fms. xi. 61.

2. e-m gengsk hugr við e-t, to change one’s mind, i. e. to be moved to compassion, yield; sótti hón þá svá at honum gékksk hugr við, Eb. 264; þá gékksk Þorgerði hugr við harma-tölur hans, Ld. 232; ok mun honum g. hugr við þat, svá at hann mun fyrirgefa þér, Gísl. 98; nú sem hann grét, gékksk Ísak hugr við, Stj. 167; er sendimaðr fann at Birni gékksk hugr við féit, Ó. H. 194; við slíkar fortölur hennar gékksk Einari hugr (E. was swayed) til ágirni, Orkn. 24.

II. with prepp. (cp. B. above); gangask at, to ‘go at it,’ engage in a fight; nú gangask þeir at fast, Dropl. 24, Ísl. ii. 267; gengusk menn at sveitum, of wrestlers, they wrestled one with another in sections (Dan. flokkevis), Glúm. 354; þeir gengusk at lengi, Finnb. 248:—gangask fyrir, vide B. above:—gangask í gegn, at móti, to stand against, fight against; at vér látim ok eigi þá ráða er mest vilja í gegn gangask (i. e. the extreme on each side), Íb. 12, cp. Fms. ii. 241; at þeir skipaði til um fylkingar sínar, hverjar sveitir móti skyldi g., i. e. to pair the combatants off, ix. 489; þeir risu upp ok gengusk at móti, Stj. 497. 2 Sam. ii. 15:—g. nær, to come to close quarters (Lat. cominus gerere), Nj. 176, Fms. xi. 240:—gangask á, to dash against one another, to split; á gengusk eiðar, the oaths were broken, Vsp. 30: to be squared off against one another, sú var görð þeirra, at á gengusk vígin húskarlanna, Rd. 288; ekki er annars getið en þeir léti þetta á gangask, i. e. they let it drop, Bjarn. 47; gangask fyrir, to fall off, Fms. iii. 255:—gangask við, to grow, gain strength; áðr en við gengisk hans bæn, before his prayer should be fulfilled, x. 258; ef þat er ætlað at trúa þessi skuli við g., Nj. 162; hétu þeir fast á guðin, at þau skyldi eigi láta við garrgask Kristniboð Ólafs konungs, Fms. ii. 32; þetta gékksk við um öll þau fylki, vii. 300; mikit gékksk Haraldr við (H. grew fast) um vöxt ok afl, Fb. i. 566; Eyvindr hafði mikið við gengizk um menntir, E. had much improved himself in good breeding, Hrafn. 24; vildi hann prófa hvárr þeirra meira hafði við gengisk, which of them had gained most strength, Grett. 107: to be in vogue, in a bad sense, ok löngum við gengisk öfund ok rangindi, Fms. i. 221, cp. Pass. 37. 7:—gangask ór stað, to be removed, Fms. xi. 107.

III. in the phrase, e-m gengsk vel, ílla, it goes well, ill with one, Hom. 168, Am. 53; ílls gengsk þér aldri, nema …, the evil will never leave thee, thou wilt never be happy, unless …, 65.

1) General subject: forge, forge ahead, lead the pack (напр, Gazprom leads the pack in terms of the refining), pace (велоспорт, тж. to set pace), set the pace (в спорте), be ahead of the pack, lead the way, be in the lead

2) Sports: dominate, gain the lead, lead

3) Diplomatic term: set the pace (в чём-л.), take the lead

4) Advertising: set the pace

5) Makarov: forge ahead (о бегуне и т. п.)

1 [het leiden] guidance ⇒ direction, 〈 leger〉 command

2 [bestuur] direction ⇒ 〈 van een onderneming〉 management, 〈 bestuurders ook〉 managers, 〈 bestuurders ook〉 (board of) directors, 〈 leiders〉 leadership

3 [buis, draad] 〈 buis binnenshuis〉 pipe; 〈 draad binnenshuis〉 wire; 〈 dik〉 cable

4 [sport] [koppositie] lead

♦voorbeelden:

1   belast zijn met de leiding van de vergadering • preside over/chair the meeting

     onder zijn bekwame leiding • under his (cap)able leadership

     leiding geven (aan) • direct 〈 werkzaamheden〉; lead 〈 team〉; manage, run 〈 bedrijf〉; govern 〈 volk, vereniging〉; preside over/chair 〈 vergadering〉

     iemand de leiding geven • put someone in charge

     wie heeft er hier de leiding? • who's in charge here?

     de jeugd heeft meer leiding nodig • young people need more guidance

     leiding kunnen geven • have leadership qualities

     zelf de leiding nemen • take matters/things into one's own hands

     het orkest onder leiding van A. • the orchestra conducted by A.

2   de leiding heeft hier gefaald • the management is at fault here

3   bovengrondse/ondergrondse leiding • aboveground/underground pipes/cables; 〈 elektriciteit bovengronds〉 overhead wires, line

     elektrische leiding • electric wire/cable; 〈 bedrading〉 (electric) wiring; 〈 hoofdleiding〉 electricity main(s); 〈 voor aanvoer stroom〉 power line

     leidingen aanleggen in een huis • 〈 elektriciteit〉 wire a house; 〈 gas, water〉 install the pipes/piping in a house

     de leidingen vernieuwen • renew the pipes/piping/ 〈 elektriciteit〉 wiring

4   de leiding nemen • take the lead

     Ajax heeft de leiding met 2 tegen 1 • Ajax leads 2-1

1) General subject: lead the way, take the lead, take the reins

2) Law: take charge of (делами)

n; -s, kein Pl.

1. tearing etc.; reißen

2. Gewichtheben: snatch; beidarmiges Reißen two-arm snatch

3. umg. (Rheuma) rheumatics Pl., Am. rheumatiz

* * *

to tear; to rend; to tug; to jolt; to jerk; to rip; to pull

* * *

nt -s,

1) (GEWICHTHEBEN) snatch

2) (inf = Gliederreißen) ache

* * *

1) split

2) (to make (a bare patch, a hole etc) by rubbing, use etc: I've worn a hole in the elbow of my jacket.) wear

3) (to make or get a hole or tear in by pulling, tearing etc: He ripped his shirt on a branch; His shirt ripped.) rip

4) (to pull suddenly and sharply: She yanked the child out of the mud.) yank

* * *

nt kein pl SPORT (beim Gewichtheben) snatch

nt kein pl (veraltend fam) ache

das \Reißen [in etw dat] haben sb's sth is aching

was stöhnst du so, hast du wieder das \Reißen im Rücken? why are you groaning like that, is your back aching again?

* * *

1) tear

2) (ziehen an) pull; (heftig) yank (coll.)

3) (werfen, ziehen)

4) (töten) < wolf, lion, etc.> kill, take < prey>

5)

6) (ugs.): (machen) crack < joke>; make < remark>

7) (Leichtathletik)

1) mit sein < paper, fabric> tear, rip; <rope, thread> break, snap; < film> break; < muscle> tear

2) (ziehen)

3) (Leichtathletik) bring the bar down/knock the hurdle over

1) tear oneself/itself (aus, von from)

2) (ugs.): (sich bemühen um)

* * *

reißen; reißt, riss, ist oder hat gerissen

A. v/t (hat)

1. tear; (herausreißen, abreißen) pull; (Papier) tear, rip; (wegreißen) snatch;

eine Seite aus einem Buch reißen tear ( oder rip) a page out of a book;

sich (dat)

die Kleider vom Leibe reißen tear ( oder rip) off one’s clothes;

jemandem etwas aus der Hand reißen snatch sth away from sb ( oder out of sb’s hand);

der Sturm riss mir den Hut vom Kopf the gale tore ( oder whipped) the hat from my head

2. in eine Richtung zwingen: pull, drag; Fluten: sweep;

jemanden zu Boden reißen drag sb to the ground;

das Lenkrad nach rechts reißen wrench the steering to the right;

der Fluss riss das Haus einfach mit sich the river simply swept the house away;

zehn Skifahrer wurden von der Lawine mit in den Tod gerissen the avalanche swept ten skiers to their deaths

3. (beschädigen) tear, rip;

sich (dat)

einen Splitter in den Finger reißen get a splinter into one’s finger;

sich (dat)

ein Loch in die Hose reißen tear a hole in one’s trousers (US pants)

4. fig:

aus dem Schlaf gerissen werden be rudely awakened;

aus seinen Illusionen gerissen werden come down to earth with a bump umg;

die Macht an sich reißen seize power;

die Führung an sich reißen SPORT take the lead; weitS. take over, take command;

sie war hin und her gerissen she couldn’t make up her mind; (war begeistert) she was thrilled to bits (US pieces) umg;

das reißt mich nicht gerade vom Hocker umg I can’t say I’m thrilled, it’s nothing to write home about; → Witz, Zote etc

5. Raubtier: (töten) kill

B. v/t & v/i (hat) SPORT Gewichtheben: lift in the snatch; Hochsprung, Pferdesport: knock off the bar;

er hat (die 1,97 m) dreimal gerissen he failed three times (at 1.97 m)

C. v/i

1. (ist) tear; Kette, Saite etc: break; Lippen: chap; Nebel: lift suddenly;

der Film/Schnürsenkel ist gerissen the film tore/the shoelace broke;

da riss ihm die Geduld his patience snapped ( oder gave out [on him]);

jetzt reißt mir aber gleich der Geduldsfaden my patience is running out

2. (hat) (zerren):

reißen an (+dat) pull ( oder tug) at; stärker, wütend: tear at; → Strang, Strick

D. v/r:

sich reißen um fig fight ( oder scramble oder squabble) over;

sich um einen Fußballer/Filmstar reißen try to outbid one another to get a footballer/film star (US moviestar);

ich reiße mich nicht darum I’m not that keen (US eager) (to have it);

ich reiße mich nicht darum, ihn kennen zu lernen I’m not exactly dying to get to know him

* * *

1) tear

2) (ziehen an) pull; (heftig) yank (coll.)

3) (werfen, ziehen)

4) (töten) <wolf, lion, etc.> kill, take < prey>

5)

6) (ugs.): (machen) crack < joke>; make < remark>

7) (Leichtathletik)

1) mit sein <paper, fabric> tear, rip; <rope, thread> break, snap; < film> break; < muscle> tear

2) (ziehen)

3) (Leichtathletik) bring the bar down/knock the hurdle over

1) tear oneself/itself (aus, von from)

2) (ugs.): (sich bemühen um)

* * *

= to pull v.

to rend v.

to rip v.

to wrench v.

* * *

1. (= propozycja) initiative, move; wystąpić z inicjatywą put forward an initiative; inicjatywa ustawodawcza legislative initiative; podjąć inicjatywę take the initiative; robić coś z własnej inicjatywy do sth on one's own initiative.

2. (= przedsiębiorczość) enterprise; wykazywać inicjatywę show initiative; mieć inicjatywę have initiative.

3. (= działalność) enterprise, drive.

4. (= prymat) initiative, lead; przejąć inicjatywę take the initiative, take the lead; inicjatywa pokojowa peace initiative; prywatna inicjatywa private initiative; wolna inicjatywa free initiative; osoba z inicjatywą self-starter; pełen inicjatywy proactive.

- czyste/wysokie/niskie tony clear/high/low tones

- dźwięki odległe o cały ton/pół tonu sounds separated by a whole tone/a semitone a. half-tone US

- śpiewać/grać o pół tonu wyżej/niżej to go up/down a half tone

- głęboki ton altówki the mellow tone of a viola

- miała głos o ciepłym/lirycznym tonie her voice had a warm/lyrical tone

- napastliwy/mentorski ton artykułu the aggressive/opinionated tone a. tenor of an article

- uwagi w obraźliwym/pojednawczym tonie remarks abusive/conciliatory in tone

- uderzyć w a. przybrać płaczliwy ton to adopt a. assume a whining tone

- uderzyć w inny ton a. zaśpiewać z innego tonu to change tone

- odpowiedział stanowczym tonem he replied in a firm tone of voice

- nie mów do mnie takim tonem don’t speak to me in that tone of voice

- różne tony zieleni various tones a. shades of green

- o ton jaśniejszy/ciemniejszy a slightly brighter/darker tone a. shade

- rosnący/opadający ton a rising/falling tone

- □ czysty ton serca Med. clear heart sound

- ton harmoniczny a. górny Muz. harmonic tone

- ton zasadniczy a. podstawowy Muz. fundamental (tone)

- nadawać ton (określać charakter) to give a tone; (wywierać wpływ) [osoba] to set the tone; [przedmiot, zdarzenie] to be the keynote

- apodyktyczny ojciec nadawał ton rozmowie/życiu rodzinnemu the authoritarian father set the tone of the conversation/family life

- podnieść głos o jeden ton to raise one’s voice

- spuścić z tonu pot. to come down a peg (or two)

- w dobrym tonie the done thing

- być/nie być w dobrym tonie to be/to not be the done thing

- w dobrym tonie jest a. do dobrego tonu należy… it’s the done thing to…

- palenie (nie) należało wtedy do dobrego tonu smoking was (not) the done thing then pot.

* * *

MUZ tone; ( brzmienie) sound, ( styl mówienia) tone (of voice)

* * *

1. fiz., muz. (= dźwięk) tone, sound; cały ton one tone; mów o pół tonu ciszej! speak quieter, please; nadawać czemuś ton przen. take the lead, lead the fashion; spuścić z tonu come down a peg or two, sing another tune.

2. (= sposób wypowiadania się) tone (of voice); nie mów do mnie takim tonem! don't talk to me like that!; uderzyć w podniosły ton take on a solemn tone (of voice).

3. (= odcień) tone, tint; o ton jaśniejszy one tone lighter.

4. (= etykieta, konwenans) form; w dobrym, złym tonie it is good/bad form, it is the proper/improper thing to do; to nie należy do dobrego tonu it's not good form.

5. jęz. tone.

chem. (= glinka kredowa), potter's earth l. clay.

भू I. 1 P. (rarely Ā.) (भवति, बभूव, अभूत्, भविष्यति, भवितुम्, भूत)

1 To be, become; कथमेवं भवेन्नाम; अस्याः किमभवत् Māl.9.29 'what has become her fate', 'what has become of her' U.3.27; यद्भावि तद्भवतु U.3 'come what may'; so दुःखितो भवति, हृष्टो भवति &c.

-2 To be born or produced; यदपत्यं भवेदस्याम् Ms.9.127; भाग्यक्रमेण हि धनानि भवन्ति यान्ति Mk.1.13.

-3 To spring or proceed from, arise; क्रोधाद् भवति संमोहः Bg.2.63;14.17.

-4 To happen, take place, occur; नाततायिवधे दोषो हन्तुर्भवति कश्चन Ms.8.351; यदि संशयो भवेत् &c.

-5 To live, exist; अभूदभूतपूर्वः... राजा चिन्तामणिर्नाम Vās.; अभून्नृपो विबुधसखः परंतपः Bk.1.1.

-6 To be alive or living, breathe; त्वमिदानीं न भविष्यसि Ś.6; आः चारुदत्तहतक, अयं न भवसि Mk.4; दुरात्मन्, प्रहर नन्वयं न भवसि Māl.5 ('thou art a dead man', thou shalt breathe no longer); ऋते$पि त्वा न भविष्यन्ति सर्वे Bg.11.32.

-7 To remain or be in any state or condition, fare; भवान् स्थले कथं भविष्यति Pt.2.

-8 To stay, abide; remain; अस्मिन्नेव लतागृहे त्वमभवस्तन्मार्ग- दत्तेक्षणः U.3.37.

-9 To serve, do; इदं पादोदकं भविष्यति Ś.1.

-1 To be possible (usually with a future tense in this sense); भवति भवान् याजयिष्यति Sk.

-11 To lead or tend to, conduce to, bring about (with dat.); वाताय कपिला विद्युत्...... पीता भवति सस्याय दुर्भिक्षाय सिता भवेत् Mbh.; सुखाय तज्जन्मदिनं बभूव Ku.1.23; संस्मृतिर्भव भवत्यभवाय Ki. 18.27; न तस्या रुचये बभूव R.6.44.

-12 To be on the side of, assist; देवा अर्जुनतो$भवन् ।

-13 To belong or pertain to (often expressed by 'have'); तस्य ह शतं जाया बभूवुः Ait. Br.; तस्य तेजोमया लोका भवन्ति ब्रह्मवादिनः Ms.6.39.

-14 To be engaged in, be occupied (with loc); चरण- क्षालने कृष्णो ब्राह्मणानां स्वयं ह्यभूत् Mb.

-15 To conduct oneself, behave.

-16 Ved. To be prosperous, succeed; ततो देवा अभवन् Bṛi. Up 1.3.7; Mb.12.228.1. Used with a preceding noun or adjective भू serves to form verbs in the sense of 'becoming what it previously is not' or 'becoming' in general; श्वेतीभू to become white; कृष्णीभू to become black; पयोधरीभूत 'becoming or serving the purpose of teats'; so क्षपणीभू to be or become a mendicant; प्रणिधीभू to act the spy; आर्द्रीभू to melt; भस्मीभू to be reduced to ashes; विषयीभू to form the subject of; so एकमतीभू; तरुणीभू &c. &c. Note-- The senses of भू may be variously modified according to the adverbs with which it is connected; e. g. पुनर्भू to marry again; आविर्भू to appear, arise, to be evident or clear; see आविस्; तिरोभू to disappear; प्रादुर्भू to arise, be visible, appear; अग्रेभू to be in front, take the lead; अन्तर्भू to be absorbed or included; ओजस्यन्तर्भवन्त्यन्ये K. P.8; दोषाभू to grow evening or dusk-time; अन्यथा भू to be otherwise, be changed; न मे वचनमन्यथा भवितुमर्हति Ś.4; पुरो भू to come forward; stand forth; मिथ्या भू to turn out false; वृथा भू to become useless &c. &c. -Caus. (भावयति-ते)

1 To cause to be or become, call into existence, call into being; ते वै ब्रह्मण आदेशात् कथमेतदभावयन् Bhāg.3.2.1.

-2 To cause, produce, effect.

-3 To manifest, display, exhibit.

-4 To foster, cherish, support, preserve, enliven; पुनः सृजति वर्षाणि भगवान् भावयन् प्रजाः Mb.; देवान् भावयतानेन ते देवा भावयन्तु वः । परस्परं भावयन्तः श्रेयः परमवाप्स्यथ ॥ Bg.3.11; Bk.16.27.

-5 To think or reflect, consider, fancy, imagine.

-6 To look upon, consider or regard as; अर्थमनर्थं भावय नित्यम् Moha M.2.

-7 To prove, substantiate, establish; निह्नवे भावितो दद्याद्धनं राज्ञे च तत्समम् Y.2.11.

-8 To purify.

-9 To get, obtain.

-1 To mingle or mix.

-11 To change or transform into.

-12 To soak, steep.

-13 To devote or addict oneself to.

-14 To convince.

-15 To perfume, scent. -Desid. (बुभूषति) To wish to be or become &c. -II. 1 U. (भवति-ते) To get, obtain. -III. 1 Ā. (भावयते) To obtain, gain. -IV. 1 U. (भावयति-ते)

1 To think, reflect.

-2 To mix, mingle.

-3 To be purified (connected with caus. of भू q. v. above).

भू a. (At the end of comp.) Being, existing, becoming, springing from, arising or produced from, &c.; चित्तभू, आत्मभू, कमलभू, मनोभू &c. -m.

1 An epithet of Viṣṇu.

-2 The sacrificial fire.

"1. work, labor. 2. job, employment, work. 3. duty, job. 4. occupation, line of work, work. 5. business, trade, commerce. 6. business, matter, affair. 7. the important thing; the chief problem. 8. secret or dubious side (of an affair). 9. slang trick. 10. event, something. 11. way of behaving; course of action. 12. something worth doing. 13. phys. work. -ler açılmak for trade to become brisk. -inin adamı a man who knows his job. - akdi labor contract. -in alayında olmak not to take (a thing) seriously; to take (it) as a joke. -ten alıkoymak /ı/ to interrupt (someone) at his work. -i Allaha kalmak (for someone) to be in the soup, be beyond help. -i altın. colloq. He is prospering. -ten anlamak to know what one is doing, know one´s business. - anlaşmazlığı labor dispute. -ten artmaz, dişten artar. proverb You save money not by making more but by spending less. -ten atmak /ı/ to fire, dismiss. - ayağa düşmek for a project to fall into the hands of irresponsible and incompetent people. -i azıtmak to go too far, overstep the mark. -ine bak. colloq. Mind your own business. -e bakmak to get to work on something; to be at work on something. -e balta ile girişmek to set about doing something like a bull in a china shop. - başa düşmek to have to do something oneself. - başarı belgesi letter of recommendation, recommendation. -in başı the crux, the central point. - başında 1. on the job. 2. during work time. - başındakiler the leaders. -i başından aşmak/aşkın olmak to be extremely busy. - başında bulunmak to be working. - başına geçmek to take the lead; to come to power. -ler becermek to be up to no good. -i bırakmak 1. to quit a job. 2. to stop working. 3. to go on strike. -ten (bile) değil! colloq. It´s very easy. - bilenin kılıç kuşananın. proverb 1. The person who knows how to use something properly is the one who is entitled to possess it. 2. Possession creates a claim of ownership. - bilmek to be skillful; to be capable. -ini bilmek 1. to know how to exploit a situation to one´s own advantage. 2. to be conscientious about one´s job. 3. to be well-qualified for one´s job. - birlikli collective, joint, common. - bitirmek 1. to complete a job successfully. 2. (for something) to be suitable for the job in hand. -ini bitirmek 1. to finish one´s own work. 2. /ın/ to finish (another´s) job. 3. /ın/ colloq. to cook (someone´s) goose. 4. /ın/ colloq. to finish off, bump off, kill. - bitmek 1. for an affair to be settled. 2. /dan/ for the outcome of a job to depend on (someone´s) efforts. -i bitmek 1. for a job in hand to finish. 2. colloq. to be very tired, be worn to a frazzle. -i bozulmak for one´s business affairs or an undertaking to go awry/take a downward turn. - buyurmak /a/ to order (someone) around; to tell (someone) to do a job. - çatallanmak for a job to get complicated. - çığırından çıkmak for a situation to get out of hand. - çıkarmak 1. to do a lot of work. 2. /a/ to give (a person) something disagreeable to do. 3. to cause trouble; to create difficulties. - çıkmak 1. for work to be done/be turned out/be produced. 2. for trouble or a problem to come up/arise. - çıkmaza girmek for things to reach an impasse. - dayıya düştü. colloq. It´s time for an expert to take over. - donu shalwars, very baggy trousers. -i dökmek /a/ 1. unintentionally to become, turn into: İşi öğretmenliğe döktü. He´s unintentionally become a teacher. 2. to act as if: İşi oyuna döktü. He acted as if it were a game. -i duman olmak slang to be in the soup, be in trouble. - düşmek /a/ for a job or duty to fall to or on. -i düşmek /a/ 1. to have to go (somewhere or to someone) on business. 2. to need (someone´s) help. - edinmek /ı/ to make (something) one´s special concern. -ten el çektirmek /a/ to remove (someone) from office. -/-inin eri a person who does his job well. - geçiştirme perfunctory work. -ine gelmek to suit one´s interests, accord with one´s plans. -e girişmek to embark on a job enthusi

Adv. in front (auch fig.), at the front; im Rennen etc.: in front, ahead; ganz vorn right in front; (am Anfang) at the beginning; weiter vorn further up; im Buch etc.: nearer the beginning; nach vorn forward; nach vorn kommen come up to the front; nach vorn an die Tafel kommen come up to the blackboard; von vorn from the front; von vorn anfangen start ( oder begin) at the beginning; ( auch wieder von vorn anfangen) start (all over) again; von vorn bis hinten from front to back; (von Anfang bis Ende) from beginning to end; noch einmal von vorn all over again; auffordernd: let’s do that again, let’s go back to the beginning again; vornan etc.

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at the front; in front; ahead; fore; before

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1) in front

2)

3) (= am vorderen Ende) at the front; (NAUT) fore

4) (= auf der Vorderseite) at the front

5)

6)

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adv inv at the front; (hin) to the front; (fig) SPORT upfield

die Bluse wird \vorn zugeknöpft the blouse buttons up in [or at the] front

[gleich] da \vorn [just] over there

ganz \vorn right at the front; (hin) right to the front

die Herren \vorn (fig) the men at the top

\vorn liegen (fig) Mitstreiter to be in the lead

nach \vorn at the front; (hin) to the front; lehnen, fallen forward[s]; (fig) SPORT upfield

nach \vorn kommen (fig) Mitstreiter to take the lead

nach \vorn sehen to look in [or to the] front, to look ahead

nach \vorn träumen (fig) to dream of the future

ein Zimmer nach \vorn raus (fam) a room facing the front

das Zimmer liegt nach \vorn raus (fam) the room faces the front

von \vorn from the front

der Wind kommt von \vorn the wind's coming from the front, it's a headwind

von \vorn angreifen to attack from the front, to launch a frontal attack

weit \vorn up at the front; (hin) up to the front

ziemlich weit \vorn close to the front

weiter \vorn further on; (geradeaus a.) up ahead

▪ \vorn an/in etw dat at the front of sth; (hin) to the front of sth

\vorn im Bild in the foreground [of the picture]

▶ von \vorn from the beginning, afresh; (bei null a.) from scratch

es geht wieder von \vorn los! it's starting all over again!

von \vorn bis hinten (fam) from beginning to end, from start to finish

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Adverb at the front

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vorn adv in front (auch fig), at the front; im Rennen etc: in front, ahead;

ganz vorn right in front; (am Anfang) at the beginning;

weiter vorn further up; im Buch etc: nearer the beginning;

nach vorn forward;

nach vorn kommen come up to the front;

nach vorn an die Tafel kommen come up to the blackboard;

von vorn from the front;

von vorn anfangen start ( oder begin) at the beginning; ( auch

wieder von vorn anfangen) start (all over) again;

von vorn bis hinten from front to back; (von Anfang bis Ende) from beginning to end;

noch einmal von vorn all over again; auffordernd: let’s do that again, let’s go back to the beginning again; → vornan etc

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Adverb at the front

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fore adj.

in front adj. adv.

ahead adv.

before adv.

1) (gen) advantage

2) (profitto) benefit, advantage

3) (distacco) start, Sport lead, Tennis advantage

Füh·rung <-, -en> f

1) kein pl ( Leitung) leadership; mil command;

innere \Führung mil morale;

unter jds \Führung under sb's leadership of, led [or headed] by sb mil under command of sb, commanded by sb

2) kein pl ( die Direktion) management, directors pl mil commanding officers pl

3) ( Besichtigung) guided tour ( durch +akk of)

4) kein pl ( Vorsprung) lead; (in einer Liga o. Tabelle) leading position;

seine \Führung ausbauen to increase one's lead; (in einer Liga o. Tabelle) to strengthen [or consolidate] one's leading position;

in \Führung gehen [o die \Führung übernehmen] to go into [or take] the lead;

in \Führung liegen to be in the lead [or the leading position];

5) kein pl ( Betragen) conduct;

bei [o wegen] guter \Führung on/for good conduct;

wegen guter \Führung vorzeitig entlassen werden to get a couple of years'/a few months' etc. remission for good conduct

6) kein pl (geh: Lenkung)

der Führerschein berechtigt zur \Führung eines Kraftfahrzeuges der angegebenen Klasse to be licensed to drive a motor vehicle of a given class

7) tech ( Schiene) guide

8) kein pl ( das fortlaufende Eintragen)

die \Führung der Akten/ Bücher keeping the files/books

9) kein pl (das Tragen eines Namens o. Titels) use;

die \Führung des Doktortitels ist erst nach Erhalt der Urkunde erlaubt only after the awarding of the certificate is one permitted to have the title of doctor

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antedate

forestall

lead

leave

outgo

outpace

outstrip

surpass

1) (gen) advantage

2) (profitto) benefit, advantage

3) (distacco) start, Sport lead, Tennis advantage