successful+company

<02> Бизнес похож на цветок: для процветания ему нужны и корни и ветви.

Quando si parla di grandi aziende o società si utilizza sempre il termine “company”: La Pirelli è un'azienda di successo, Pirelli is a successful company. Un tempo “company” e “firm” erano sostantivi intercambiabili nel caso di piccole aziende manufatturiere, ma oggi si tende ad utilizzare maggiormente il termine “company”: Possiede un'azienda vinicola, he owns a wine company. “Firm” viene attualmente utilizzato soprattutto per indicare studi legali e simili: Lavora in uno studio legale, he works for a law firm.

successful [səkˈsesfʊl]

   a. couronné de succès ; [candidate in exam] reçu ; [election candidate] victorieux ; [marriage] heureux

• the tests were successful les tests ont été probants

• on successful completion of [+ course] après avoir été reçu à l'issue de ; [+ deal] après avoir conclu

• her application was successful sa candidature a été retenue

• to be successful in or at doing sth réussir à faire qch

• to be successful in one's efforts voir ses efforts aboutir

• to be successful in sth (attempt, mission, exam) réussir qch

• to reach a successful conclusion aboutir

• the show had a successful run on Broadway ce spectacle a eu beaucoup de succès à Broadway

   b. ( = prosperous) [businessman, company] prospère ; [doctor, lawyer, academic] réputé ; [writer, painter, book, film] à succès ; [career] brillant

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1) ( effective) [attempt, operation, partnership] réussi; [plan, campaign] couronné de succès; [treatment, policy] efficace

2) [film, writer] ( profitable) à succès; ( well regarded) apprécié; [businessman, company] prospère; [career] brillant

3) [candidate, outcome] heureux/-euse; [applicant] retenu; [team, contestant] victorieux/-ieuse

successful adj

1 ( that achieves its aim) [attempt, operation] réussi ; [plan, campaign, summit] couronné de succès ; [treatment, policy] efficace ; the operation was not entirely successful l'opération n'a pas complètement réussi ; to be successful in ou at doing réussir à faire ;

2 ( that does well) [film, book, writer] ( profitable) à succès ; ( well regarded) apprécié ; [businessman, company] prospère ; [career] brillant ; to be successful réussir ; to be successful in business/in a profession réussir en affaires/dans une profession ; the film was less successful le film a eu moins de succès ;

3 (that wins, passes) [candidate] heureux/-euse (before n) ; [applicant] retenu ; [team, contestant] victorieux/-ieuse ; to be successful in an exam réussir à un examen ; her application was not successful sa candidature n'a pas été retenue ;

4 ( happy) [marriage, partnership] réussi ; [outcome] heureux/-euse.

adjective ((negative unsuccessful) having success: Were you successful in finding a new house?; The successful applicant for this job will be required to start work next month; a successful career.) afortunado; exitoso; fructuoso

successful adj de éxito

tr[sək'sesfʊl]

adjective

1 (person, career, film) de éxito; (plan, performance, attempt) acertado,-a, logrado,-a; (business) próspero,-a; (marriage) feliz; (meeting) satisfactorio,-a, positivo,-a

■ the successful candidate el candidato (que resulte) seleccionado

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to be successful in doing something conseguir hacer algo

to be successful in life triunfar en la vida

successful [sək'sɛsfəl] adj

: exitoso, logrado

♦ successfully adv

• acertado, -a adj.

• afortunado, -a adj.

• bienaventurado, -a adj.

• dichoso, -a adj.

• exitoso, -a adj.

• feliz adj.

• lucido, -a adj.

• próspero, -a adj.

adjective < person> de éxito, exitoso (AmL)

[sǝk'sesfʊl]

1)

a) [campaign, scheme, attempt, book] tener éxito; [plan, strategy, experiment] salir bien

b) [person] (=do well) tener éxito; (=reach the top) triunfar

2) (before noun)

a) (=winning) [product, film, novelist] de éxito

b) (=prosperous) [company, businessperson] próspero

c) (=effective) [treatment, remedy] eficaz

d) (=satisfactory) [conclusion] satisfactorio; [deal] favorable

e) [applicant]

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adjective < person> de éxito, exitoso (AmL)

1) (effective) [attempt, operation] riuscito; [plan, campaign] coronato da successo; [treatment, policy] efficace

2) (that does well) [film, writer] (profitable) di successo; (well regarded) apprezzato; [businessman, company] di successo; [ career] brillante, di successo

3) (that wins, passes) [ candidate] vincente; [ applicant] scelto; [ team] vittorioso, vincente

4) (happy) [ marriage] riuscito; [ outcome] positivo

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adjective ((negative unsuccessful) having success: Were you successful in finding a new house?; The successful applicant for this job will be required to start work next month; a successful career.) (coronato da successo), di successo

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1) (effective) [attempt, operation] riuscito; [plan, campaign] coronato da successo; [treatment, policy] efficace

2) (that does well) [film, writer] (profitable) di successo; (well regarded) apprezzato; [businessman, company] di successo; [ career] brillante, di successo

3) (that wins, passes) [ candidate] vincente; [ applicant] scelto; [ team] vittorioso, vincente

4) (happy) [ marriage] riuscito; [ outcome] positivo

a record of the outstanding orders that an organization has received. An order book may be physical, with the specifications and delivery times of orders recorded in it, or the term may be used generally to describe the health of a company. A full order book implies a successful company, while an empty order book can indicate an organization at risk of business failure.

it·self [ɪtʼself] pron

1) after vb sich [selbst] +dat o akk;

the cat is hiding \itself die Katze versteckt sich;

this rocket destroys \itself diese Rakete zerstört sich selbst;

his horse hurt \itself sein Pferd hat sich verletzt

2) after prep sich [selbst] +dat o akk;

the animal has to fend for \itself - it doesn't get fed at home das Tier muss für sich selbst sorgen - es wird zu Hause nicht gefüttert

3) ( specifically)

sth \itself etw selbst;

the shop \itself started 15 years ago der Geschäft selbst öffnete vor 15 Jahren;

to be sth \itself etw in Person sein;

Mrs Vincent was punctuality \itself Mrs. Vincent war die Pünktlichkeit in Person

4) ( alone)

to keep sth to \itself etw geheim halten;

[all] by \itself [ganz] allein

in \itself selbst;

the plan wasn't illegal in \itself der Plan selbst war nicht illegal;

creativity in \itself is not enough to make a successful company Kreativität alleine genügt nicht, um eine erfolgreiche Firma aufzubauen

awardee, successful bidder, purchaser, successful tenderer.

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► adjetivo

1 contract-winning

► nombre masculino,nombre femenino

1 (premio) prizewinner

2 (venta) successful bidder

3 (obras) contract-winner, contract-winning company

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1 (de un premio) recipient ( frml), winner

(de una obra): la empresa fue adjudicataria del contrato para la obra the company was awarded the contract for the work

2 (en una subasta) buyer

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♦ adj

la empresa adjudicataria del contrato the company awarded o which won the contract

♦ nm,f

el adjudicatario del contrato the winner of the contract, the person/company awarded the contract;

el adjudicatario del premio the winner of the prize

SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping, Public utilities, Weapons and armour

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The only son of a corn merchant, Alderman William Armstrong, he was educated at private schools in Newcastle and at Bishop Auckland Grammar School. He then became an articled clerk in the office of Armorer Donkin, a solicitor and a friend of his father. During a fishing trip he saw a water-wheel driven by an open stream to work a marble-cutting machine. He felt that its efficiency would be improved by introducing the water to the wheel in a pipe. He developed an interest in hydraulics and in electricity, and became a popular lecturer on these subjects. From 1838 he became friendly with Henry Watson of the High Bridge Works, Newcastle, and for six years he visited the Works almost daily, studying turret clocks, telescopes, papermaking machinery, surveying instruments and other equipment being produced. There he had built his first hydraulic machine, which generated 5 hp when run off the Newcastle town water-mains. He then designed and made a working model of a hydraulic crane, but it created little interest. In 1845, after he had served this rather unconventional apprenticeship at High Bridge Works, he was appointed Secretary of the newly formed Whittle Dene Water Company. The same year he proposed to the town council of Newcastle the conversion of one of the quayside cranes to his hydraulic operation which, if successful, should also be applied to a further four cranes. This was done by the Newcastle Cranage Company at High Bridge Works. In 1847 he gave up law and formed W.G.Armstrong \& Co. to manufacture hydraulic machinery in a works at Elswick. Orders for cranes, hoists, dock gates and bridges were obtained from mines; docks and railways.

Early in the Crimean War, the War Office asked him to design and make submarine mines to blow up ships that were sunk by the Russians to block the entrance to Sevastopol harbour. The mines were never used, but this set him thinking about military affairs and brought him many useful contacts at the War Office. Learning that two eighteen-pounder British guns had silenced a whole Russian battery but were too heavy to move over rough ground, he carried out a thorough investigation and proposed light field guns with rifled barrels to fire elongated lead projectiles rather than cast-iron balls. He delivered his first gun in 1855; it was built of a steel core and wound-iron wire jacket. The barrel was multi-grooved and the gun weighed a quarter of a ton and could fire a 3 lb (1.4 kg) projectile. This was considered too light and was sent back to the factory to be rebored to take a 5 lb (2.3 kg) shot. The gun was a complete success and Armstrong was then asked to design and produce an equally successful eighteen-pounder. In 1859 he was appointed Engineer of Rifled Ordnance and was knighted. However, there was considerable opposition from the notably conservative officers of the Army who resented the intrusion of this civilian engineer in their affairs. In 1862, contracts with the Elswick Ordnance Company were terminated, and the Government rejected breech-loading and went back to muzzle-loading. Armstrong resigned and concentrated on foreign sales, which were successful worldwide.

The search for a suitable proving ground for a 12-ton gun led to an interest in shipbuilding at Elswick from 1868. This necessitated the replacement of an earlier stone bridge with the hydraulically operated Tyne Swing Bridge, which weighed some 1450 tons and allowed a clear passage for shipping. Hydraulic equipment on warships became more complex and increasing quantities of it were made at the Elswick works, which also flourished with the reintroduction of the breech-loader in 1878. In 1884 an open-hearth acid steelworks was added to the Elswick facilities. In 1897 the firm merged with Sir Joseph Whitworth \& Co. to become Sir W.G.Armstrong Whitworth \& Co. After Armstrong's death a further merger with Vickers Ltd formed Vickers Armstrong Ltd.

In 1879 Armstrong took a great interest in Joseph Swan's invention of the incandescent electric light-bulb. He was one of those who formed the Swan Electric Light Company, opening a factory at South Benwell to make the bulbs. At Cragside, his mansion at Roth bury, he installed a water turbine and generator, making it one of the first houses in England to be lit by electricity.

Armstrong was a noted philanthropist, building houses for his workforce, and endowing schools, hospitals and parks. His last act of charity was to purchase Bamburgh Castle, Northumbria, in 1894, intending to turn it into a hospital or a convalescent home, but he did not live long enough to complete the work.

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SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Railways and locomotives

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Lartigue worked as a civil engineer in Algeria and while there invented a simple monorail for industrial or agricultural use. It comprised a single rail carried on trestles; vehicles comprised a single wheel with two tubs suspended either side, like panniers. These were pushed or pulled by hand or, occasionally, hauled by mule. Such lines were used in Algerian esparto-grass plantations.

In 1882 he patented a monorail system based on this arrangement, with important improvements: traction was to be mechanical; vehicles were to have two or four wheels and to be able to be coupled together; and the trestles were to have, on each side, a light guide rail upon which horizontal rollers beneath the vehicles would bear. Early in 1883 the Lartigue Railway Construction Company was formed in London and two experimental prototype monorails were subsequently demonstrated in public. One, at the Paris Agricultural Exhibition, had an electric locomotive that was built in two parts, one either side of the rail to maintain balance, hauling small wagons. The other prototype, in London, had a small, steam locomotive with two vertical boilers and was designed by Anatole Mallet. By now Lartigue had become associated with F.B. Behr. Behr was Managing Director of the construction company and of the Listowel \& Ballybunion Railway Company, which obtained an Act of Parliament in 1886 to built a Lartigue monorail railway in the South West of Ireland between those two places. Its further development and successful operation are described in the article on Behr in this volume.

A much less successful attempt to establish a Lartigue monorail railway took place in France, in the départment of Loire. In 1888 the council of the département agreed to a proposal put forward by Lartigue for a 10 1/2 mile (17 km) long monorail between the towns of Feurs and Panissières: the agreement was reached on the casting vote of the Chairman, a contact of Lartigue. A concession was granted to successive companies with which Lartigue was closely involved, but construction of the line was attended by muddle, delay and perhaps fraud, although it was completed sufficiently for trial trains to operate. The locomotive had two horizontal boilers, one either side of the track. But the inspectors of the department found deficiencies in the completeness and probable safety of the railway; when they did eventually agree to opening on a limited scale, the company claimed to have insufficient funds to do so unless monies owed by the department were paid. In the end the concession was forfeited and the line dismantled. More successful was an electrically operated Lartigue mineral line built at mines in the eastern Pyrenees.

It appears to have reused equipment from the electric demonstration line, with modifications, and included gradients as steep as 1 in 12. There was no generating station: descending trains generated the electricity to power ascending ones. This line is said to have operated for at least two years.

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See also: Brennan, Louis; Palmer, Henry Robinson

SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace

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In 1915 William E.Boeing and his friend Commander Conrad Westervelt decided that they could improve on the aeroplanes then being produced in the United States. Boeing was a prominent Seattle businessman with interests in land and timber, while Westervelt was an officer in the US Navy. They bought a Martin Model T float-plane in order to gain some experience and then produced their own design, the B \& W, which first flew in June 1916. Westervelt was transferred to the East, leaving Boeing to continue the production of the B \& W floatplanes, for which purpose he set up the Pacific Aero Products Company. On 26 April 1917 this became the Boeing Airplane Company, which prospered following the US involvement in the First World War.

In March 1919 Boeing and Edward Hubbard inaugurated the world's first international airmail service between Seattle and Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The Boeing Company then had to face the slump in aircraft manufacturing after the war: they survived, and by 1922 they had started producing a successful series of fighters while continuing to develop their flying-boat and floatplane designs. Boeing set up the Boeing Air Transport Corporation to tender for lucrative airmail contracts and then produced aircraft which could out-perform those of his rivals. The company went from strength to strength and by the end of the 1920s a huge conglomerate had been built up: the United Aircraft and Transport Corporation. They produced an advanced high-speed monoplane mailplane, the model 200 Monomail in 1930, which saw the birth of a new era of Boeing designs.

The Wall Street crash of 1929 and legislation in 1934, which banned any company from both building aeroplanes and running an airline, were setbacks which the Boeing Airplane Company overcame, moving ahead to become world leaders. William E.Boeing decided that it was time he retired, but he returned to work during the Second World War.

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SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics

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The young Eastman was a clerk-bookkeeper in the Rochester Savings Bank when in 1877 he took up photography. Taking lessons in the wet-plate process, he became an enthusiastic amateur photographer. However, the cumbersome equipment and noxious chemicals used in the process proved an obstacle, as he said, "It seemed to be that one ought to be able to carry less than a pack-horse load." Then he came across an account of the new gelatine dry-plate process in the British Journal of Photography of March 1878. He experimented in coating glass plates with the new emulsions, and was soon so successful that he decided to go into commercial manufacture. He devised a machine to simplify the coating of the plates, and travelled to England in July 1879 to patent it. In April 1880 he prepared to begin manufacture in a rented building in Rochester, and contacted the leading American photographic supply house, E. \& H.T.Anthony, offering them an option as agents. A local whip manufacturer, Henry A.Strong, invested $1,000 in the enterprise and the Eastman Dry Plate Company was formed on 1 January 1881. Still working at the Savings Bank, he ran the business in his spare time, and demand grew for the quality product he was producing. The fledgling company survived a near disaster in 1882 when the quality of the emulsions dropped alarmingly. Eastman later discovered this was due to impurities in the gelatine used, and this led him to test all raw materials rigorously for quality. In 1884 the company became a corporation, the Eastman Dry Plate \& Film Company, and a new product was announced. Mindful of his desire to simplify photography, Eastman, with a camera maker, William H.Walker, designed a roll-holder in which the heavy glass plates were replaced by a roll of emulsion-coated paper. The holders were made in sizes suitable for most plate cameras. Eastman designed and patented a coating machine for the large-scale production of the paper film, bringing costs down dramatically, the roll-holders were acclaimed by photographers worldwide, and prizes and medals were awarded, but Eastman was still not satisfied. The next step was to incorporate the roll-holder in a smaller, hand-held camera. His first successful design was launched in June 1888: the Kodak camera. A small box camera, it held enough paper film for 100 circular exposures, and was bought ready-loaded. After the film had been exposed, the camera was returned to Eastman's factory, where the film was removed, processed and printed, and the camera reloaded. This developing and printing service was the most revolutionary part of his invention, since at that time photographers were expected to process their own photographs, which required access to a darkroom and appropriate chemicals. The Kodak camera put photography into the hands of the countless thousands who wanted photographs without complications. Eastman's marketing slogan neatly summed up the advantage: "You Press the Button, We Do the Rest." The Kodak camera was the last product in the design of which Eastman was personally involved. His company was growing rapidly, and he recruited the most talented scientists and technicians available. New products emerged regularly—notably the first commercially produced celluloid roll film for the Kodak cameras in July 1889; this material made possible the introduction of cinematography a few years later. Eastman's philosophy of simplifying photography and reducing its costs continued to influence products: for example, the introduction of the one dollar, or five shilling, Brownie camera in 1900, which put photography in the hands of almost everyone. Over the years the Eastman Kodak Company, as it now was, grew into a giant multinational corporation with manufacturing and marketing organizations throughout the world. Eastman continued to guide the company; he pursued an enlightened policy of employee welfare and profit sharing decades before this was common in industry. He made massive donations to many concerns, notably the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and supported schemes for the education of black people, dental welfare, calendar reform, music and many other causes, he withdrew from the day-to-day control of the company in 1925, and at last had time for recreation. On 14 March 1932, suffering from a painful terminal cancer and after tidying up his affairs, he shot himself through the heart, leaving a note: "To my friends: My work is done. Why wait?" Although Eastman's technical innovations were made mostly at the beginning of his career, the organization which he founded and guided in its formative years was responsible for many of the major advances in photography over the years.

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renewal, renovation, rebirth, restoration.

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► nombre femenino

1 (de contrato etc) renewal

2 (de casa) renovation; (de decoración) redecoration

3 (de personal) reorganization

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1) renewal

2) renovation

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1) [de contrato, pasaporte, suscripción] renewal

2) [de edificio] renovation

3) [de partido, asamblea] clearout

4) (=reanudación) renewal

5) (Rel)

* * *

1) (de pasaporte, contrato) renewal

2) ( del mobiliario) complete change; (de edificio, barrio) renovation

3) (de organización, sistema) updating

4) ( reanudación) renewal

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= renew, renewal, refreshment, renovation, changing of the guard, facelift [face-lift], revamp, revamping, regeneration.

Ex. Some terminals will be linked to telepens for issue, return and renew functions.

Ex. Indeed, if they are not successful at such attempts toward renewal, dissolution and displacement are inevitable.

Ex. Debates concerning the concept of 'information' emphasise several important aspects of the thought/speech relationship, pleading for the refreshment of scientific language.

Ex. This is an interview with Hugh Hard of Hardy Holmzan Pfeiffer Associates, an architectural firm specializing in library design and renovation.

Ex. The recent reorganization has resulted in a merger of the academic and public divisions and a changing of the guard among the company's top officials.

Ex. The Web's full embrace of constant change means that even old friend sites may be unrecognisable after technology facelifts.

Ex. The new version of search software amounts to a complete revamp rather than just an incremental upgrade.

Ex. This is part of the company's revamping of its Web service aiming to bring users many benefits.

Ex. Some Christian groups assert baptism is a requirement for salvation and sacrament for Christians, calling this 'baptismal regeneration'.

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* falta de renovación = non-renewal.

* proyecto de renovación = renovation project.

* renovación de certificado de aptitud = recertification.

* renovación de fondos = turnover, stock turnover, turnover of stock.

* renovación del préstamo = renewal.

* renovación de personal = turnover, labour turnover.

* renovación de préstamos = extended loan.

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1) (de pasaporte, contrato) renewal

2) ( del mobiliario) complete change; (de edificio, barrio) renovation

3) (de organización, sistema) updating

4) ( reanudación) renewal

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A (de un pasaporte, una suscripción) renewal

B (del mobiliario) complete change; (de un edificio, barrio) renovation

la renovación total del personal de la empresa the complete restaffing of the company

la crema facilita la renovación celular the cream aids cell renewal

C (puesta al día) updating

D (reanudación) renewal

se teme una renovación de los ataques contra objetivos civiles a renewed outbreak of attacks against civilian targets is feared

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a) (de pasaporte, contrato) renewal

b) ( del mobiliario) complete change;

c) (de organización, sistema) updating

d) ( reanudación) renewal

* * *

renovación nf

1. [de mobiliario, local] renewal;

se ha producido una renovación del personal changes have been made to the staff

2. [de carné, contrato, suscripción] renewal

3. [de ataques, esfuerzos] renewal

4. [restauración] restoration

5. [revitalización] revitalization

6. Pol [reforma] reform

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f renewal

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renovación nf, pl - ciones

1) : renewal

renovación de un contrato: renewal of a contract

2) : change, renovation

SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace

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Geoffrey de Havilland started experimenting with aircraft and engines of his own design in 1908. In the following year, with the help of his friend Frank Hearle, he built and flew his first aircraft; it crashed on its first flight. The second aircraft used the same engine and made its first flight on 10 September 1910, and enabled de Havilland to teach himself to fly. From 1910 to 1914 he was employed at Farnborough, where in 1912 the Royal Aircraft Factory was established. As Chief Designer and Chief Test Pilot he was responsible for the BE 2, which was the first British military aircraft to land in France in 1914.

In May 1914 de Havilland went to work for George Holt Thomas, whose Aircraft Manufacturing Company Ltd (Airco) of Hendon was expanding to design and build aircraft of its own design. However, because de Havilland was a member of the Royal Flying Corps Reserve, he had to report for duty when war broke out in August. His value as a designer was recognized and he was transferred back to Airco, where he designed eight aircraft in four years. Of these, the DH 2, DH 4, DH 5, DH 6 and DH 9 were produced in large numbers, and a modified DH 4A operated the first British cross- Channel air service in 1919.

On 25 September 1920 de Havilland founded his own company, the De Havilland Aircraft Company Ltd, at Stag Lane near Edgware, London. During the 1920s and 1930s de Havilland concentrated on civil aircraft and produced the very successful Moth series of small biplanes and monoplanes, as well as the Dragon, Dragon Rapide, Albatross and Flamingo airliners. In 1930 a new site was acquired at Hatfield, Hertfordshire, and by 1934 a modern factory with a large airfield had been established. His Comet racer won the England-Australia air race in 1934 using de Havilland engines. By this time the company had established very successful engine and propeller divisions. The Comet used a wooden stressed-skin construction which de Havilland developed and used for one of the outstanding aircraft of the Second World War: the Mosquito. The de Havilland Engine Company started work on jet engines in 1941 and their Goblin engine powered the Vampire jet fighter first flown by Geoffrey de Havilland Jr in 1943. Unfortunately, Geoffrey Jr and his brother John were both killed in flying accidents. The Comet jet airliner first flew in 1949 and the Trident in 1962, although by 1959 the De Havilland Company had been absorbed into Hawker Siddeley Aviation.

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