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stress+loss

  • 121 berstъ

    berstъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: b/c Proto-Slavic meaning: `elm'
    Page in Trubačev: I 199-200
    Russian:
    bérest `elm' [m o], béresta [Gens] \{1\}
    Belorussian:
    bérast `elm' [m o], bérasta [Gens]
    Ukrainian:
    bérest `elm' [m o], béresta [Gens]
    Czech:
    břest `elm' [m o]
    Slovak:
    brest `elm' [m o]
    Polish:
    brzost `elm' [m o];
    brzóst (dial.) `elm' [m o]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    brȉjest `elm' [m o], brijèsta [Gens];
    Čak. brĩst (Vrgada) `a herb similar to rosemary' [m o], brīstȁ [Gens];
    brést (Novi) `elm' [m o], brēstȁ [Gens];
    Čak. briȇs (Orbanići) `elm' [m o], brȅsta [Gens]
    Slovene:
    brẹ́st `elm' [m o]
    Bulgarian:
    brjast `elm' [m o];
    brest `elm' [m o]
    Comments: If we assume that * berstъ is cognate with -> *bèrza, which has an acute root, we must explain the variant belonging AP (b). In my view, a form bʰerHǵ-tó- (admittedly with slightly unexpected end-stress) would remain oxytone in Balto-Slavic, in which case the root would be affected by the Proto-Slavic loss of pretonic laryngeals. As I consider it possible that the generalization of accentual mobility in masculine o-stems with a non-acute root vowel did not apply to the marginal class of Balto-Slavic oxytona, Illič-Svityč's reconstruction of a substantivized neuter adjective is not necessarily correct.
    Other cognates:
    Go. bairhts `bright, clear' [adj]
    Notes:
    \{1\} Illič-Svityč (1963: 52), mentions a Gsg. berestá (dial.).

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > berstъ

  • 122 ęzỳkъ

    ęzỳkъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `tongue, language'
    Page in Trubačev: VI 74-75
    Old Church Slavic:
    językъ `tongue, language, nation' [m o]
    Russian:
    jazýk `tongue, language' [m o]
    Czech:
    jazyk `tongue, language' [m o]
    Slovak:
    jazyk `tongue, language' [m o]
    Polish:
    język `tongue, language' [m o]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    jèzik `tongue, language' [m o];
    Čak. jazȉk (Vrgada) `tongue, language' [m o];
    Čak. zajȉk (Novi, Orbanići) `tongue, language' [m o]
    Slovene:
    jézik `tongue, language' [m o], jezíka [Gens]
    Bulgarian:
    ezík `tongue, language' [m o]
    Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: inźuʔ-
    Lithuanian:
    liežùvis `tongue' [m io] 2
    Old Prussian:
    insuwis `tongue'
    Indo-European reconstruction: dnǵʰ-uh₂-
    IE meaning: tongue
    Certainty: +
    Page in Pokorny: 223
    Comments: Apparently, the Balto-Slavic noun *inźuʔ- (with loss of initial *d) acquired the suffix *-kъ in Slavic. The nasal vowel of the root is reflected as short in the languages where quantitative differences can be observed, which points to original suffixal stress.
    Other cognates:
    Skt. jihvā́- (RV+) `tongue' [f];
    OLat. dingua `tongue' [f];
    Go. tuggo [f]

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > ęzỳkъ

  • 123 glistъ

    glístъ; glīstà Grammatical information: m. o; f. ā Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `worm'
    Page in Trubačev: VI 128-129
    Russian:
    glist `intestinal worm' [m o], glistá [Gens]
    Belorussian:
    hlist `intestinal worm' [m o], hlistá [Gens]
    Ukrainian:
    hlyst `intestinal worm' [m o], hlystá [Gens]
    Czech:
    hlíst `intestinal worm' [m o];
    hlísta `intestinal worm' [f ā]
    Slovak:
    hlísta `intestinal worm' [f ā]
    Polish:
    glista `intestinal worm, earth-worm' [f ā]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    glísta `intestinal worm, earth-worm' [f ā];
    Čak. glȋsta (Orbanići) `worm' [f ā];
    Čak. glȋs (Orbanići) `worm' [f i], glȋsti [f i]
    Slovene:
    glísta `intestinal worm, earth-worm' [f ā]
    Bulgarian:
    glist `intestinal worm, earth-worm' [m o]
    Lithuanian:
    glaĩstas `layer of clay, plaster' [m o] 2/4
    Indo-European reconstruction: glH₁it-to-??
    Comments: Though masculine o-stems belonging to AP (b) in principle continue old neuters, I am uncertain of this holds for original oxytona, i.e. words that were already oxytone before Dybo's law. Here the reconstruction of an old oxytonon may account for the unexpected absence of a laryngeal in the root, which can now be attributed to the Early Slavic loss of laryngeals in pretonic position. In view of Hirt's law, which would have generated root stress, a reconstruction with a zero grade (*glh1it-tó) is preferable. The semantically different Lith. glaĩstas probably contains a old neuter.

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > glistъ

  • 124 glīstà

    glístъ; glīstà Grammatical information: m. o; f. ā Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `worm'
    Page in Trubačev: VI 128-129
    Russian:
    glist `intestinal worm' [m o], glistá [Gens]
    Belorussian:
    hlist `intestinal worm' [m o], hlistá [Gens]
    Ukrainian:
    hlyst `intestinal worm' [m o], hlystá [Gens]
    Czech:
    hlíst `intestinal worm' [m o];
    hlísta `intestinal worm' [f ā]
    Slovak:
    hlísta `intestinal worm' [f ā]
    Polish:
    glista `intestinal worm, earth-worm' [f ā]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    glísta `intestinal worm, earth-worm' [f ā];
    Čak. glȋsta (Orbanići) `worm' [f ā];
    Čak. glȋs (Orbanići) `worm' [f i], glȋsti [f i]
    Slovene:
    glísta `intestinal worm, earth-worm' [f ā]
    Bulgarian:
    glist `intestinal worm, earth-worm' [m o]
    Lithuanian:
    glaĩstas `layer of clay, plaster' [m o] 2/4
    Indo-European reconstruction: glH₁it-to-??
    Comments: Though masculine o-stems belonging to AP (b) in principle continue old neuters, I am uncertain of this holds for original oxytona, i.e. words that were already oxytone before Dybo's law. Here the reconstruction of an old oxytonon may account for the unexpected absence of a laryngeal in the root, which can now be attributed to the Early Slavic loss of laryngeals in pretonic position. In view of Hirt's law, which would have generated root stress, a reconstruction with a zero grade (*glh1it-tó) is preferable. The semantically different Lith. glaĩstas probably contains a old neuter.

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > glīstà

  • 125 ἄφενος

    Grammatical information: n.
    Meaning: `wealth' (Il.). On the meaning Hemelrijk, Πενία, diss. Utrecht 1926.
    Other forms: m. (after πλοῦτος, Fehrle Phil Woch. 46, 700f).
    Compounds: εὐηφενής (Il.; the better attested v. l. εὐηγενής is hardly correct; Bechtel, Lex.); also in the PN Δι-, Κλε-, Τιμ-αφένης.
    Derivatives: (with loss of vowel and remarkable final stress) ἀφνειός (Il.), later ἀφνεός `rich' (Il.). From here retrograde ἄφνος n. (Pi. Fr. 219).
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] * h₂bʰen- `rich'
    Etymology: Uncertain. The connection with Skt. ápnas- n. `possessions, riches' (Bréal MSL 13, 382f.; cf. ὄμπνη; also Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73, 515) is now generally rejected (also as * apsnos). - The word was one of the corner stones of the Pelasgian theory, which can now be abandoned (also Heubeck's variant, the Minoan-Minyan language: Praegraeca 70). The agreement with Hitt. happina(nt)- `rich', is remarkable. The postulated verb hap-(zi) is improbable (Puhvel HED 3, 124f). The Hittite word could be IE (Szemerényi Glotta 33, 1954, 275 - 282). Puhvel's h₁op- is impossible ( h₁- disappears in Hittite); but Lat. opulentus \< * op-en-ent- is improbable: - ulentus is a frequent suffix in Latin, and - ant is very productive in Hittite so that it cannot be projected back into PIE; with it disappears the explanation of - ulentus (I also doubt the dissmilation n - nt, with t after the second n; there are other difficulties in the theory, as the author indicated); the - en- has no clear function and is not found elsewhere after op-; thus the connection of opulentus with the Hittite word disappears. - Irene Balles (HS 110, 1997) starts from *n̥-gʷʰn-o-, parallel to - io- in Skt. ághnyā- `(the valuable animal which is) not to be killed'. (She explains the adj., and the accent, from *n̥gʷʰn-es-o- \> ἀφνεό-, with metrical lengthening in Homer). But she has to explain the full grade from analogy after σθένος, which is improbable; the whole construction is not convincing. - The Greek word is rather IE (cf. archaic εὐηφενής). For Greek a root * h₂bʰen- is the obvious reconstruction. The accent and the form ἀφνεός may be explained following Balles: *h₂bʰnes-ó-, with ablaut as in ἄλγος - ἀλεγεινός (metr. lengthening in Homer is probable as *ἀφνεοιο is impossible in the hexameter and *ἀφνεος, -ν etc. are difficult). Thus the word seem perfectly IE. It cannot be connected with the Hittite word (reading *ḫpina- is doubtful). A loan from Anatolian would have κ-, the φ would be unclear, the s-stem, and the adjective.
    Page in Frisk: 1,195

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄφενος

  • 126 ἑψία

    ἑψία, - ίη
    Grammatical information: f.
    Meaning: `joy, play' (S. Fr. 3, Nic. Th. 880);
    Compounds: as 2. member in φιλ-έψιος (Com.), ὁμ-έψιος (AP). Also n. pl. ἕψεια παίγνια H., ἕψια (EM). Postverbal from ἑψιάομαι, - άσασθαι, also with ἀφ-, ἐφ-, καθ-, `(en)joy, play' (Od.; cf. Wackernagel Unt. 46f.).
    Derivatives: Also, through loss of the anlauting vowel (Strömberg Wortstudien 45), ψιάδδειν = παίζειν (Ar. Lys. 1302 [lyr.], H.), ψιά χαρά, γελοίασμα, παίγνια H.
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
    Etymology: Formation like the "verbs of disease" in - ιάω (Schwyzer 732); further unclear. Obsolete hypotheses in Bq. - Note the variations: ἐ-, ἑ- ἀ, stress on first or second syllable and ψιά H., ψιάδδειν; the word will be Pre-Greek (Fur. 139, 352, 376). - Meier-Brügger, MSS 50 (1989) assumes a noun * sengʷʰ- ti- `singing', with *῎῎ἔψις from *εμψις; one asks why *ἕμψις was not retained; it does not explain the variations; also there is no reason to assume that the word primarily referred to music.
    Page in Frisk: 1,604

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἑψία

  • 127 zwaar

    1 [veel wegend] heavy
    2 [van grote omvang] heavy ⇒ bulky
    3 [stevig] heavy ⇒ strong
    4 [met grote uitwerking] heavy ⇒ rough, full-bodied 〈 sigaren, wijn〉, strong 〈 sigaren, wijn〉
    5 [moeizaam] difficult ⇒ hard
    6 [psychische druk uitoefenend] heavy ⇒ severe, difficult
    7 [groot, aanzienlijk] heavy ⇒ serious
    8 [met betrekking tot geluiden] heavy ⇒ deep 〈 stem〉
    ♦voorbeelden:
    1   〈 figuurlijk〉 zwaar verkeer • heavy traffic
         zwaar wegen • weigh/count heavily, lie heavy, be important
         zwaarder worden • put on/gain weight
         twee pond te zwaar • two pounds overweight/too heavy
         〈 figuurlijk〉 mijn benen zijn zo zwaar als lood • my legs are like lead
    2   de bewolking wordt zwaarder • the clouds are getting bigger
    3   zwaar linnen/papier • heavy quality linen/paper
    4   een zware bui/storm • a heavy shower/storm; 〈 storm ook〉 a rough gale
         zwaar geschut • big/heavy guns
         zwaar vergif • strong poison
         zware wijn • full-bodied wine
    5   zware ademhaling • hard breathing, wheezing
         een zware bevalling • a difficult delivery
         een zware dag • a hard day
         een zwaar examen • a stiff/difficult exam
         〈 figuurlijk〉 hij heeft het zwaar • he's having a hard time of it, he really has it rough
         de tocht viel hem zwaar • the trip took it out of him
    6   zware tijden • hard/difficult times
         iemand zwaar straffen • punish someone severely
    7   een zwaar ongeval • a bad/serious accident
         zwaar verlies • a heavy loss
         zwaar zondigen • sin grievously, offend deeply
    8   een zware stem • a deep voice
    ¶   〈 geldwezen〉 de zware fondsen • blue chips, blue-chip stocks
    1 [zoveel wegend als de bepaling uitdrukt] heavy ⇒ weighing 〈niet in zinnen met ‘zijn’〉
    ♦voorbeelden:
    1   dat is tien kilo zwaar • that weighs ten kilos
         het is tweemaal zo zwaar • it is twice as heavy, it weighs twice as much
    III 〈 bijwoord〉
    1 [in hoge mate] heavily, heavy ⇒ hard, seriously, badly
    ♦voorbeelden:
    1   zwaar gewond • badly/seriously/severely wounded
         zwaar verkouden zijn • have a bad cold
         iemand zwaar belasten • put stress on someone, burden someone
         zwaar drukken op • weigh heavily (up)on
         zwaar getroffen zijn • be badly/hard hit
         iets zwaar opnemen • take something hard
         het zwaar te pakken hebben • 〈 verliefd zijn〉 have it bad(ly); 〈 ziek zijn ook〉 have a bad case

    Van Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > zwaar

  • 128 rate

    1. (угловая) скорость; темп; частота; интенсивность; расход <газа, жидкости>; производная <напр. по времени>
    2. коэффициент; степень
    3. номинальная характеристика; паспортные данные
    4. норма; тариф
    5. оценка/ оценивать
    см. тж. rate
    rate of change of the angle of attack
    rate of climb
    rate of fuel offload
    rate of onset
    rate of sink
    rate of training accidents
    acceleration rate
    accident rate
    actuation rate
    actuator rate
    afterburning rate
    aircraft rate
    airspeed bleed rate
    alert rate
    angle rate
    angle-of-attack rate
    angular rate
    annual flying rate
    AOA rate
    arrival rate
    asymmetry-produced roll rate
    attained turn rate
    attitude rate
    attrition rate
    ball screw output rate
    blowing rate
    body rate
    body axis rate
    body axis rates
    body axis angular rate
    body axis angular rates
    body-rotation rate
    break rate
    cabin descent rate
    canard rate
    cannibalization rate
    CEP rate
    climb rate
    coning rate
    control rate
    control input rate
    control surface slew rate
    convergence rate
    cooling rate
    crack growth rate
    crack propagation rate
    cyclic rate
    damage rate
    damage per hour rate
    decay rate
    deceleration rate
    deflection rate
    descent rate
    deviation rate
    drift rate
    Earth rotational rate
    energy rate
    energy release rate
    engine failure rate
    entry roll rate
    Euler angular rates
    failure rate
    false-alarm rate
    fastest turning rate
    fastest-climb rate
    fatigue rate
    fatigue damage rate
    fix rate
    flap rate
    flaperon rate
    flashing rate
    flight rate
    flight path rate
    flight path rates
    flight path angular rate
    flight path angular rates
    flight path pitch rate
    flying rate
    FOD rate
    fuel burn rate
    full mission capability rate
    full mission capable rate
    full-power rate of climb
    g rate
    g onset rate
    growth rate
    gyro drift rate
    heading rate
    heart rate
    heartbeat rate
    heat transfer rate
    heating rate
    high-passed yaw rate
    input rate
    instantaneous turn rate
    landing rate
    launch reliability rate
    launch success rate
    lifetime mishap rate
    lift-limited turn rate
    load rate
    loading rate
    maintenance rate
    maneuver rate
    maneuvering rate
    manual control rate
    mass flow rate
    material feed rate
    metal removal rate
    mishap rate
    mission abort rate
    mission capable rate
    mission completion rate
    mission completion success rate
    mission loss rate
    mission reliability rate
    mission success rate
    nonmission capable for maintenance rate
    nonmission capable for supply rate
    normalized rate
    nose-up rate
    on-time arrival rate
    operating rate
    out-for-maintenance rate
    out-for-supply rate
    pilot input rate
    pitch rate
    pitch angular rate
    pointing rate
    pressure rate
    rain rate
    rainfall rate
    ramp rate
    recovery surface rate
    refresh rate
    refueling rate
    reliability rate
    removal rate
    repair rate
    rigid body rate
    roll rate
    roll rate /lb
    roll rate per stick force
    roll acceleration rate
    roll angular rate
    rotation rate
    rotational rate
    rotor rate
    runway utilization rate
    sample rate
    sampling rate
    shop-visit rate
    shutdown rate
    sideslip rate
    simulated roll rate
    single-engine rate of climb
    single-engined rate of climb
    sink rate
    slew rate
    snapping rate
    sortie rate
    sortie generation rate
    spin rate
    spin yaw rate
    spring rate
    stabilator rate
    stability axis rate
    stability axis rates
    stability axis angular rate
    stability axis angular rates
    stick movement rate
    strain rate
    strain energy release rate
    stress rate
    success rate
    surface rate
    surge sortie rate
    sustained turn rate
    thrust-limited turn rate
    torsional spring rate
    touchdown sink rate
    transient turn rate
    trim rate
    turn rate
    turning rate
    twinkle-quick roll rate
    twist rate
    utilization rate
    volumetric flow rate
    wear rate
    wing sweep rate
    yaw rate
    yaw acceleration rate
    yaw angular rate
    yawing rate
    yawing angular rate

    Авиасловарь > rate

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