strange

hostĭcus, a, um, adj. [hostis].

Of or belonging to an enemy, hostile (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose;

not in Cic. or Cæs.): ager,

Liv. 44, 13:

tellus,

Ov. P. 1, 3, 65:

moenia,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 6:

vindemia,

Ov. F. 4, 893:

manus,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 49; 2, 2, 61:

ensis,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 31:

incursiones, Col. praef. § 19: tumultus,

Flor. 3, 10, 17.—In neutr. as subst.: hostĭcum, i, the enemy's territory:

castra in hostico incuriose posita,

Liv. 8, 38, 2:

raptae ex hostico messes,

Plin. Pan. 29, 3:

transire in hosticum,

Eum. Pan. ad Constant. 13; also enmity:

hosticum spirare,

Tert. Mag. 35.—

Of or belonging to a stranger, strange, foreign:

hosticum hoc mihi domiciliumst, Athenis domus est,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 40.

hostĭcus, a, um, adj. [hostis].

Of or belonging to an enemy, hostile (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose;

not in Cic. or Cæs.): ager,

Liv. 44, 13:

tellus,

Ov. P. 1, 3, 65:

moenia,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 6:

vindemia,

Ov. F. 4, 893:

manus,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 49; 2, 2, 61:

ensis,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 31:

incursiones, Col. praef. § 19: tumultus,

Flor. 3, 10, 17.—In neutr. as subst.: hostĭcum, i, the enemy's territory:

castra in hostico incuriose posita,

Liv. 8, 38, 2:

raptae ex hostico messes,

Plin. Pan. 29, 3:

transire in hosticum,

Eum. Pan. ad Constant. 13; also enmity:

hosticum spirare,

Tert. Mag. 35.—

Of or belonging to a stranger, strange, foreign:

hosticum hoc mihi domiciliumst, Athenis domus est,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 40.

ĭnaudītus, a, um, Part., from inaudio.

ĭn-audītus, a, um, adj., unheard.

(On account of its novelty or strangeness.) Unheard-of, unusual, strange, new (freq. and class.;

a favorite word of Cic.): nihil dicam reconditum, nihil aut inauditum vobis aut cuiquam novum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137; cf. id. Rep. 2, 12:

quod nobis inauditum est,

Quint. 1, 6, 9:

novum est, non dico inusitatum, verum omnino inauditum,

Cic. Caecin. 13, 36; cf. id. Vatin. 14, 33:

novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum,

id. Leg. 1, 1:

insignis quaedam, inaudita, nova magnitudo animi,

id. Sest. 39, 85:

incredibilis atque inaudita gravitas,

id. Balb. 5, 13:

modus et inauditus et incredibilis,

Quint. 7, 6, 11: novellas et inauditas sectas veteribus religionibus opponere, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 15, 3, 3; cf. § 7.— Comp.:

hominum nescias invisitatius an inauditius genus,

Jul. Val. Rer. Gest. Alex. 3, 14.—

Unheard (of an accused person), without a hearing (only post-Aug.):

inauditus et indefensus,

Tac. A. 2, 77; 4, 11; cf.:

inauditos et innoxios relegavit,

Suet. Claud. 38; id. Galb. 14; id. Vit. 14; Just. 22, 2 fin.;

also of the cause or defence of the accused: neque inaudita causa quemquam damnari, etc.,

Dig. 48, 17, 1.—

Without hearing:

alia (animalia) gignuntur aut inodora inauditave,

Gell. 7, 6, 1 (al. inauritave).

in-dūco, xi, ctum, 3 ( imp. induce for induc, Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 18;

induxti for induxisti,

Ter. And. 5, 3, 12;

induxis for induxeris,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 46), v. a. [in-duco], to lead, bring, or conduct into a place; to lead or bring in (class.); constr. with in and acc., dat., acc. only, or absol.

Lit.

With in and acc.:

oves et armenta in rura,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 12:

aliquem in viam,

id. ib. 3, 2, 18:

exercitum in Macedoniam,

Liv. 31, 28, 2:

cohortem praetoriam in medios hostes,

Sall. C. 60, 5:

principes in cornua inducit,

leads against, Liv. 30, 34, 11; so,

Hannibal elephantos in primam aciem induci jussit,

id. 27, 14, 6:

in dextrum cornu elephantos,

id. 44, 41, 3; Caes. B. C. 3, 112 al. —

With dat. (mostly poet. and rare):

age, moenibus induc,

Stat. Th. 12, 326:

fossā mare urbi,

Suet. Ner. 16. —

With acc. only:

princeps turmas inducit Asilas,

Verg. A. 11, 620:

inducunt venti nubilum,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 7.—

Absol.:

eā (portā) secundae legionis principes hastatosque inducit (sc. in urbem),

Liv. 34, 15, 6.—

In partic.

To bring forward, exhibit, represent in the circus or on the stage:

a me autem gladiatorum par nobilissimum inducitur,

Cic. Opt. Gen. Or. 6, 17; so,

aliquem,

Suet. Calig. 27 fin.:

elephantos in circum,

Plin. 8, 6, 6, § 17:

inducta est et Afranii Togata, quae Incendium inscribitur,

Suet. Ner. 11; id. Claud. 34; 45; id. Tib. 42; cf.:

pater ille, Terenti fabula quem miserum vixisse Inducit,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 22.—

To bring into or before a court (post-Aug.):

inducta teste in senatu,

Suet. Claud. 40:

Firminus inductus in senatum,

Plin. Ep. 2, 12, 2:

majestatis reos in curiam,

Suet. Dom. 11.—

To bring home, take into one ' s family:

carasque toris inducere Thressas,

Val. Fl. 2, 132:

intra undecim dies quam illi novercam amore captus induxerat,

Plin. Ep. 6, 33, 2. —

Transf.

To put on articles of dress:

si sibi calceus perperam induceretur,

Suet. Aug. 92:

umeros albenti amictu,

Stat. S. 5, 2, 67:

togam super membra,

Luc. 2, 387. —With Gr. acc.:

tunicāque inducitur artus,

Verg. A. 8, 457. —

To draw over, spread over, to overlay, overspread:

postes pice,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 142; Vitr. 7, 3:

colorem picturae,

i. e. to varnish, Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 102:

parieti ceram liquefactam,

id. 33, 7, 40, § 122:

cuti nitorem,

id. 24, 8, 33, § 49:

varias plumas,

Hor. A. P. 2:

humanam membris formam,

Ov. M. 7, 642:

omnibus viris magnitudine sua inducturus caliginem,

to overspread with darkness, to darken, obscure, Vell. 2, 36, 1:

pontem,

to throw a bridge across, Curt. 5, 5:

scuta ex cortice facta pellibus,

to cover, Caes. B. G. 2, 33:

coria super lateres,

id. B. C. 2, 10:

pulvis velut nube inducta omnia inpleverat,

Liv. 1, 29, 4:

sed quae mutatis inducitur tot medicaminibus,

Juv. 6, 471.— With Gr. acc.:

(victima) inducta cornibus aurum,

Ov. M. 7, 161; 10, 271.—

To level the ground by filling up:

ita inducto solo, ut nulla vestigia exstent,

Plin. 2, 80, 82, § 194; hence, to strike out, erase, i. e. to level the wax in writing by drawing over it the broad end of the style:

nomina jam facta sunt: sed vel induci, vel mutari possunt,

Cic. Att. 13, 14, 2:

senatus consultum,

id. ib. 1, 20, 4.

Trop.

In gen., to bring into, introduce:

seditionem atque discordiam in civitatem,

Cic. Off. 1, 25, 85:

aliquid in nostros mores,

id. de Or. 2, 28, 121: set magna pars morem hunc induxerunt, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 34:

morem novorum judiciorum in rem publicam,

Cic. Rab. Post. 4, 9; Plin. Ep. 2, 16, 9; Lact. Mort. Pers. 38, 4:

novum verbum in linguam Latinam,

Cic. Phil. 13, 19, 43:

pecuniam in rationem,

to bring into, set down in an account, id. Verr. 2, 1, 41, § 106: agrum alicui pecunia ingenti, to charge in an account, id. Agr. 2, 26, 70:

exemplum,

Plin. Pan. 6, 2.—

To establish:

sublato judicum nomine potestas regalis inducta est,

Lact. 4, 10, 15:

quia nondum haec consuetudo erat inducta,

Sen. Contr. 5 praef. §

4: vetus disciplina deserta, nova inducta,

Vell. 2, 1, 1.—

In partic.

To bring in, introduce in speaking or writing (an expression borrowed from the stage):

hinc ille Gyges inducitur a Platone,

Cic. Off. 3, 9, 38:

gravem personam,

id. Cael. 15, 35:

Tiresiam deplorantem caecitatem suam,

id. Tusc. 5, 39, 115.—Of conversation, to introduce:

puero me hic sermo inducitur,

Cic. Att. 13, 19, 4:

hanc rationem Epicurus induxit,

id. Fat. 10:

consuetudinem,

id. Cael. 23, 58:

dubitationem,

Tac. A. 1, 7.—

To lead to or into; to move, excite, persuade; to mislead, seduce; constr. with in, with acc. or ad, with ut or inf.:

amici jacentem animum excitare, et inducere in spem cogitationemque meliorem,

Cic. Lael. 15, 59; so,

aliquem in spem,

id. Off. 2, 15, 53:

in rem utilem,

id. Inv. 1, 2, 2; cf. id. Q. Fr. 3, 4:

in errorem,

id. Off. 3, 13, 55:

animum ad aliquid,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 67:

aliquem pretio, gratia, spe, promissis (ad parricidium),

to mislead, Cic. Rosc. Am. 28, 16:

multos in peccatum,

to seduce, Auct. Her. 2, 19, 29:

ad maleficium,

id. 2, 2, 3:

ad misericordiam, ad pudendum, ad pigendum,

to move, excite, Cic. Brut. 50, 188:

Carthaginienses ad bellum,

Nep. Hann. 8:

ad credendum,

id. Con. 3:

vide, quo me inducas,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 25:

in quos (affectus) inducendus est judex,

Quint. 11, 3, 58.—With ut:

aliquem, ut mentiatur,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 16, 46.—With inf.:

consulem promissis, sententiam promere,

Tac. A. 12, 9.—

Animum or in animum, to bring one ' s mind to, to resolve, determine; to suppose, imagine:

id quod animum induxerat paulisper non tenuit,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 8. — With inf. or object-clause:

animum inducere, contra ea quae a me disputantur de divinatione, dicere,

Cic. Div. 1, 13, 22:

opes contemnere,

id. Tusc. 5, 10, 30:

id me commissurum ne animum induxeris,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 78:

in animum inducunt suum, Jovem se placare posse,

id. Rud. prol. 22:

ne tute incommodam rem, ut quaequest, in animum induces pati?

Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 27:

oro ut ne illis animum inducas credere,

id. And. 5, 1, 15:

qui huic animum assentari induxeris,

id. Eun. 3, 2, 37:

mea causa causam hanc justam esse animum inducite,

id. Heaut. prol. 41; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 43:

ut in animum induceret ad easdem venire epulas,

Liv. 28, 18, 4; 1, 17, 4; 2, 18, 11:

postremo Caesar in animum induxerat, laborare, vigilare,

had determined, Sall. C. 54, 4:

in animum, ejus vitam defendere,

Cic. Sull. 30, 83; Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 5.—With ut, ne, or quominus:

inducere animum possum, ne aegre patiar,

Plaut. As. 5, 1, 5:

inducere animum, ut patrem esse sese, oblivisceretur,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 19, 53:

in animum, quo minus illi indicarem,

Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 6:

quod consules in senatu ut pronuntiarent, in animum inducere non possent,

Liv. 27, 9, 9; 2, 5, 7; 39, 12, 3. —

To delude, cajole, deceive:

hic eos, quibus erat ignotus, decepit, fefellit, induxit,

Cic. Pis. 1, 1:

socios induxit, decepit, destituit,

id. Rosc. Am. 40, 117: semper, ut inducar, blandos offers mihi vultus Tib. 1, 6, 1.—

To do any thing to one (post-class.):

injuriam adversus liberos suos testamento,

Dig. 5, 2, 4.— Hence, in-ductus, a, um, P. a., introduced, foreign, strange (post-Aug. and rare):

insiticius et inductus sermo (opp. patrius),

Plin. Ep. 4, 3 fin.; so,

nihil inductum et quasi devium loquimur,

id. ib. 5, 6, 44:

arcessita et inducta,

id. ib. 3, 18, 10.

insŏlesco, ĕre, v. inch. n. [insolens], to become unusual or strange.

Lit., of the voice, to begin to change, to become manly:

coepit Caelo vox insolescere,

Tert. ad Nat. 2, 12;

of the womb: uterus insolescens,

i. e. swelling up, Hier. in Helv. 18.—

Trop., to grow haughty or insolent, to become elated (mostly post-Aug.): ad superbiam, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3, 15:

per licentiam animus humanus insolescit,

Sall. C. 6, 7:

rebus secundis,

Tac. H. 2, 7; Just. 31, 8, 7.

in-vīsĭtātus, a, um, adj., not seen.

Unseen, invisible:

sidera,

Vitr. 9, 1, 4:

(potestatum) forma invisitata, vis cognita,

App. Flor. p. 348, 16. —

Not visited:

nulla civitas,

Quint. Decl. 12, 18. —

Unseen, unknown:

quae est enim forma tam invisitata, tum nulla, quam non sibi ipse fingere animus possit?

Cic. Div. 2, 67, 138 B. and K.:

acies inaudita ante id tempus invisitataque,

Liv. 4, 33, 1; Gell. 5, 14, 7.—

Transf., uncommon, new, strange: pro di inmortales! speciem humanam invisitatam, egregiam, indignam clade, Att. ap. Non. 225, 32 (Trag. Fragm. v. 340 Rib.):

formas hominum invisitatas cernere,

Liv. 5, 35, 4:

simulacra,

Curt. 5, 5, 7:

avis invisitata specie,

Tac. H. 2, 50.

longinquus, a, um, adj. [longus], long, extensive.

Lit., in space.

In gen. (rare):

linea,

Plin. 9, 17, 26, § 59:

aequora,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 363:

amnes,

Tac. A. 1, 9.—

In partic.

Far removed, far off, remote, distant (class.):

nos longinqui et a te ipso missi in ultimas gentes,

Cic. Fam. 15, 9, 1:

ex locis tam longinquis,

id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 47:

ab extero hoste atque longinquo,

id. Cat. 2, 13, 29:

longinqua Lacedaemon,

id. Att. 15, 9, 1:

nationes,

Caes. B. G. 7, 77:

cura,

respecting things that are far off, Liv. 22, 23:

longinquiores loci,

Caes. B. G. 4, 27:

vulnera, i. e. e longinquo accepta,

Luc. 3, 568.—In neutr. absol.: ex (e) longinquo, from afar, from a distance:

e longinquo intueri,

Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 97; Tac. A. 1, 47; Sen. Ep. 22.— Plur.:

longinqua imperii adire,

the remote parts, Tac. A. 3, 34.—

Living far off, foreign, strange:

homo longinquus et alienigena,

Cic. Deiot. 3, 10:

Clodius aequaliter in longinquos, in propinquos, in alienos, in suos irruebat,

id. Mil. 28, 76:

piscis,

Ov. Ib. 150.—

Transf., of time.

In gen., long, of long duration or continuance, prolonged, lasting, continued, tedious (class.; cf.:

diutinus, diuturnus): vita,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 136:

adfert vetustas omnibus in rebus longinqua observatione incredibilem scientiam,

Cic. Div. 1, 49, 109:

dolores,

id. Fin. 2, 29, 94:

oppugnatio,

Caes. B. C. 3, 80:

consuetudo,

id. B. G. 1, 47:

militia,

Liv. 4, 18.— Comp.:

longinquiore tempore bellum confecturum,

Nep. Them. 4, 3.—

In partic.

Long deferred, distant (rare):

cum spe perrumpendi periculi, vel in longinquum tempus differendi,

Cic. Part. Or. 32, 112:

cum... aut tempore longinqua aut praeceps periculo victoria esset,

Liv. 9, 24, 2:

spes longinqua et sera,

Tac. A. 13, 37.—

Old, ancient:

monumenta,

Plin. 13, 12, 26, § 83. —

Remote, far-fetched:

sunt et durae (translationes), id est a longinqua similitudine ductae, ut "capitis nives," etc.,

Quint. 8, 6, 17.—Hence, adv., in three forms: lon-ginquē, longinquō, and longin-quom (only ante- and post - class.).

A long way off, far away: longinque ab domo bellum gerentes, Enn. ap. Non. 515, 14 (Trag. v. 103, Vahl.).—

In time, long, a long while:

odiosast oratio, quom rem agas, longinquom loqui,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 25:

servus longinquo absens,

Dig. 30, 3; so ib. 3, 3, 44.— Comp.:

longinquius diutiusque adesse,

Gell. 1, 22, 12.—

After a long interval:

historiam scripsere Pictor incondite, Sisenna longinque,

Fronto Ep. ad Ver. 1 Mai.

longinquus, a, um, adj. [longus], long, extensive.

Lit., in space.

In gen. (rare):

linea,

Plin. 9, 17, 26, § 59:

aequora,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 363:

amnes,

Tac. A. 1, 9.—

In partic.

Far removed, far off, remote, distant (class.):

nos longinqui et a te ipso missi in ultimas gentes,

Cic. Fam. 15, 9, 1:

ex locis tam longinquis,

id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 47:

ab extero hoste atque longinquo,

id. Cat. 2, 13, 29:

longinqua Lacedaemon,

id. Att. 15, 9, 1:

nationes,

Caes. B. G. 7, 77:

cura,

respecting things that are far off, Liv. 22, 23:

longinquiores loci,

Caes. B. G. 4, 27:

vulnera, i. e. e longinquo accepta,

Luc. 3, 568.—In neutr. absol.: ex (e) longinquo, from afar, from a distance:

e longinquo intueri,

Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 97; Tac. A. 1, 47; Sen. Ep. 22.— Plur.:

longinqua imperii adire,

the remote parts, Tac. A. 3, 34.—

Living far off, foreign, strange:

homo longinquus et alienigena,

Cic. Deiot. 3, 10:

Clodius aequaliter in longinquos, in propinquos, in alienos, in suos irruebat,

id. Mil. 28, 76:

piscis,

Ov. Ib. 150.—

Transf., of time.

In gen., long, of long duration or continuance, prolonged, lasting, continued, tedious (class.; cf.:

diutinus, diuturnus): vita,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 136:

adfert vetustas omnibus in rebus longinqua observatione incredibilem scientiam,

Cic. Div. 1, 49, 109:

dolores,

id. Fin. 2, 29, 94:

oppugnatio,

Caes. B. C. 3, 80:

consuetudo,

id. B. G. 1, 47:

militia,

Liv. 4, 18.— Comp.:

longinquiore tempore bellum confecturum,

Nep. Them. 4, 3.—

In partic.

Long deferred, distant (rare):

cum spe perrumpendi periculi, vel in longinquum tempus differendi,

Cic. Part. Or. 32, 112:

cum... aut tempore longinqua aut praeceps periculo victoria esset,

Liv. 9, 24, 2:

spes longinqua et sera,

Tac. A. 13, 37.—

Old, ancient:

monumenta,

Plin. 13, 12, 26, § 83. —

Remote, far-fetched:

sunt et durae (translationes), id est a longinqua similitudine ductae, ut "capitis nives," etc.,

Quint. 8, 6, 17.—Hence, adv., in three forms: lon-ginquē, longinquō, and longin-quom (only ante- and post - class.).

A long way off, far away: longinque ab domo bellum gerentes, Enn. ap. Non. 515, 14 (Trag. v. 103, Vahl.).—

In time, long, a long while:

odiosast oratio, quom rem agas, longinquom loqui,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 25:

servus longinquo absens,

Dig. 30, 3; so ib. 3, 3, 44.— Comp.:

longinquius diutiusque adesse,

Gell. 1, 22, 12.—

After a long interval:

historiam scripsere Pictor incondite, Sisenna longinque,

Fronto Ep. ad Ver. 1 Mai.

Mars (archaic and poet. Māvors, q. v.), Martis (collat. reduplic. form Marmar, in the Song of the Arval Brothers; v. the following, and Mamers), m. [root mar-, gleam; Sanscr. marīkis, beam of light; hence Mars, the bright god; cf.: marmor, mare], Mars, who, as father of Romulus, was the primogenitor of the Roman people, the god of war, of husbandry, of shepherds and seers. For him was named the month of Martius, March, the beginning of the Roman year, Ov. F. 3, 73 sqq.:

legio Martia... ab eo deo, a quo populum Romanum generatum accepimus,

Cic. Phil. 4, 2, 5:

Mars pater te precor quaesoque, uti sies volens propitius mihi, etc.,... ut tu morbos visos invisosque viduertatem vastitudinemque, calamitates intemperiasque prohibessis, etc.,

Cato, R. R. 141, 2; cf., in the Song of the Arval Brothers, NEVE LVERVE MARMAR SINS INCVRRERE IN PLEORIS;

for Mars pater, the forms Marspiter, gen. Marspitris, or -tĕris, and Maspiter were also employed,

Gell. 5, 12, 5; Macr. S. 1, 12; 19; Varr. L. L. 8, § 33 Müll.; 9, § 75; 10, § 65; Prisc. p. 695:

Mars Gradivus, Quirinus, Silvanus, Ultor, v. under h. vv.: Mars durus,

Verg. E 10, 44:

torvus,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 17:

cruentus,

id. ib. 2, 14, 13:

ferus,

Ov. H. 7, 160; id. F. 4, 25:

ferox,

id. M. 13, 11:

bellicus,

id. F. 3, 1:

fortibus sane oculis Cassius (Martem spirare dicens) se in Siciliam non iturum,

Cic. Att. 15, 11. The Salii were destined for his service, Liv. 1, 20, 4; horses and bulls were offered to him, Paul. ex Fest. p. 61 Müll.; Ov. H. 6, 10; Macr. S. 3, 10, 4:

per Martem, a soldier's oath,

Plaut. Mil. 5, 21. He was often appealed to in oaths, etc., esp. by soldiers:

Nam neque Duellona mi umquam neque Mars creduat, ni, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 8; id. Mil. 1, 1, 11; id. Truc. 3, 1, 11.—

Transf.

War, battle, a conflict, engagement, contest, etc.; also the art of war: cum veter occubuit Priamus sub Marte Pelasgo, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P. (Ann. v. 17 Vahl.):

Martem accendere cantu,

to incite to battle, Verg. A. 6, 165:

apertus,

fighting in the open field, Ov. M. 13, 27: equitem suo alienoque Marte pugnare, i. e. to fight both in their own fashion (on horseback) and in one which was strange to them (on foot), Liv. 3, 62, 9:

pugna jam in manus, jam in gladios, ubi Mars est atrocissimus, venerat,

id. 2, 46, 3:

terribili Marte ululare,

Plin. 26, 4, 9, § 19:

captam sine Marte,

Stat. Ach. 1, 401:

quos amisimus cives, eos Martis vis perculit, non ira victoriae,

Cic. Marcell. 6, 17.— Poet.:

Mars forensis,

a contest in the forum, legal contest, Ov. P. 4, 6, 29; cf.:

et fora Marte suo litigiosa vacent,

id. F. 4, 188.—Hence, prov.: suo (nostro, vestro) Marte, by one's own exertions, without the assistance of others:

rex ipse suo Marte res suas recuperavit,

Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 95; id. Off. 3, 7, 34:

cum vos vestro Marte his rebus omnibus abundetis,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 4, § 9.—

The issue of a war or a battle, the fortune of war:

cum omnis belli Mars communis, et cum semper incerti exitus proeliorum sint,

Cic. Fam. 6, 4, 1: communis adhuc Mars belli erat, Liv. 10, 28:

aequo Marte,

with equal advantage, on equal terms, Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 3; 8, 19, 2; Curt. 4, 1, 8:

pari Marte,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 19:

aequato Marte,

Liv. 1, 25:

verso Marte ( = versā fortunā),

id. 29, 3, 11:

vario Marte pugnatum est,

Quint. 8, 6, 24:

incerto Marte,

Tac. H. 4, 35:

anceps,

Liv. 7, 29, 2; 21, 1, 2:

dubius,

Vell. 2, 55, 3.—

The planet Mars: Jovis stellae proximum inferiorem orbem tenet puroeis, quae stella Martis appellatur, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 53; 2, 46, 119; Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 34; 2, 15, 12, § 60; Hyg. Astr. 2, 42:

Martis sidus,

Cassiod. Var. 11, 36.—Hence,

Mar-tĭus ( Māvortĭus, v. infra), a, um, adj.

Of or belonging to Mars:

lupus,

sacred to Mars, Verg. A. 9, 566; cf.: Martius lupus, integer et intactus, gentis nos Martiae et conditoris nostri admonuit, descended from Mars (since Mars is the father of Romulus and Remus), Liv. 10, 27:

legio,

Cic. Phil. 3, 3, 6; 4, 2, 5:

miles,

Ov. M. 14, 798:

proles,

i. e. Romulus and Remus, id. F. 3, 59:

anguis,

sacred to Mars, id. M. 3, 32:

judicium,

i. e. of the Areopagus at Athens, App. M. 10, p. 718 Oud.: Campus;

v. campus: harena,

a place in the Circus where the gladiators fought, Ov. Tr. 2, 282; Mart. 2, 75, 8:

gramen,

i. e. the Field of Mars, Hor. C. 3, 7, 26: Martius mensis, the month of March, formerly the first month of the year, Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 13:

Martii Calendis,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 1: Idus Martiae, the Ides of March, famous as the day on which Julius Cæsar was killed, Cic. Att. 14, 4, 2; cf. 14, 20, 1 sq.; id. Phil. 2, 35, 88; id. Fam. 10, 28, 1.— In the form Mavortius ( poet.):

moenia,

i. e. Rome, Verg. A. 1, 276:

tellus,

i. e. Thrace, id. G. 4, 462:

conjux,

i. e. Venus, Val. Fl. 2, 208:

proles,

i. e. the Thebans, Ov. M. 3, 531; cf.:

seges belli (because sprung from the dragon's teeth),

Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 135.—

Transf.

Warlike, martial:

Martia Penthesilea,

Verg. A. 11, 661:

Martia saeculi voluptas,

Mart. 5, 24, 1:

Martius aeris rauci canor,

Verg. G. 4, 71:

vulnera,

id. A. 7, 182:

Thebe,

i. e. where many wars were carried on, Ov. Am. 3, 6, 33.—

Of or belonging to the planet Mars:

ille fulgor rutilus, horribilisque terris, quem Martium dicitis,

Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17.—As subst.: Mar-tĭus, ii, m. (sc. mensis), March, the month of March:

Mensium nomina fere aperta sunt, si a Martio, ut antiqui constituerunt, numeres, Nam primus a Marte,

Varr. L. L. 6, 4, § 33.—

Martĭālis, e, adj.

Of or belonging to Mars: Flamen, Varr L. L. 5, § 84 Müll.;

7, § 45 ib.: lupus,

sacred to Mars, Hor. C. 1, 17, 9:

ludi,

in honor of Mars, Suet. Claud. 1: Martialis collis, near the temple of Deus Fidius, Varr. L. L. 5, § 52 Müll.— Subst.: Martĭālis, is, m., a priest of Mars:

Martiales quidam Larini appellabantur, ministri publici Martis,

Cic. Clu. 15, 43.—

Belonging to the legio Martia; hence, Martĭāles, the soldiers of the legio Martia, Cic. Phil. 4, 2, 5.

Mars (archaic and poet. Māvors, q. v.), Martis (collat. reduplic. form Marmar, in the Song of the Arval Brothers; v. the following, and Mamers), m. [root mar-, gleam; Sanscr. marīkis, beam of light; hence Mars, the bright god; cf.: marmor, mare], Mars, who, as father of Romulus, was the primogenitor of the Roman people, the god of war, of husbandry, of shepherds and seers. For him was named the month of Martius, March, the beginning of the Roman year, Ov. F. 3, 73 sqq.:

legio Martia... ab eo deo, a quo populum Romanum generatum accepimus,

Cic. Phil. 4, 2, 5:

Mars pater te precor quaesoque, uti sies volens propitius mihi, etc.,... ut tu morbos visos invisosque viduertatem vastitudinemque, calamitates intemperiasque prohibessis, etc.,

Cato, R. R. 141, 2; cf., in the Song of the Arval Brothers, NEVE LVERVE MARMAR SINS INCVRRERE IN PLEORIS;

for Mars pater, the forms Marspiter, gen. Marspitris, or -tĕris, and Maspiter were also employed,

Gell. 5, 12, 5; Macr. S. 1, 12; 19; Varr. L. L. 8, § 33 Müll.; 9, § 75; 10, § 65; Prisc. p. 695:

Mars Gradivus, Quirinus, Silvanus, Ultor, v. under h. vv.: Mars durus,

Verg. E 10, 44:

torvus,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 17:

cruentus,

id. ib. 2, 14, 13:

ferus,

Ov. H. 7, 160; id. F. 4, 25:

ferox,

id. M. 13, 11:

bellicus,

id. F. 3, 1:

fortibus sane oculis Cassius (Martem spirare dicens) se in Siciliam non iturum,

Cic. Att. 15, 11. The Salii were destined for his service, Liv. 1, 20, 4; horses and bulls were offered to him, Paul. ex Fest. p. 61 Müll.; Ov. H. 6, 10; Macr. S. 3, 10, 4:

per Martem, a soldier's oath,

Plaut. Mil. 5, 21. He was often appealed to in oaths, etc., esp. by soldiers:

Nam neque Duellona mi umquam neque Mars creduat, ni, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 8; id. Mil. 1, 1, 11; id. Truc. 3, 1, 11.—

Transf.

War, battle, a conflict, engagement, contest, etc.; also the art of war: cum veter occubuit Priamus sub Marte Pelasgo, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P. (Ann. v. 17 Vahl.):

Martem accendere cantu,

to incite to battle, Verg. A. 6, 165:

apertus,

fighting in the open field, Ov. M. 13, 27: equitem suo alienoque Marte pugnare, i. e. to fight both in their own fashion (on horseback) and in one which was strange to them (on foot), Liv. 3, 62, 9:

pugna jam in manus, jam in gladios, ubi Mars est atrocissimus, venerat,

id. 2, 46, 3:

terribili Marte ululare,

Plin. 26, 4, 9, § 19:

captam sine Marte,

Stat. Ach. 1, 401:

quos amisimus cives, eos Martis vis perculit, non ira victoriae,

Cic. Marcell. 6, 17.— Poet.:

Mars forensis,

a contest in the forum, legal contest, Ov. P. 4, 6, 29; cf.:

et fora Marte suo litigiosa vacent,

id. F. 4, 188.—Hence, prov.: suo (nostro, vestro) Marte, by one's own exertions, without the assistance of others:

rex ipse suo Marte res suas recuperavit,

Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 95; id. Off. 3, 7, 34:

cum vos vestro Marte his rebus omnibus abundetis,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 4, § 9.—

The issue of a war or a battle, the fortune of war:

cum omnis belli Mars communis, et cum semper incerti exitus proeliorum sint,

Cic. Fam. 6, 4, 1: communis adhuc Mars belli erat, Liv. 10, 28:

aequo Marte,

with equal advantage, on equal terms, Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 3; 8, 19, 2; Curt. 4, 1, 8:

pari Marte,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 19:

aequato Marte,

Liv. 1, 25:

verso Marte ( = versā fortunā),

id. 29, 3, 11:

vario Marte pugnatum est,

Quint. 8, 6, 24:

incerto Marte,

Tac. H. 4, 35:

anceps,

Liv. 7, 29, 2; 21, 1, 2:

dubius,

Vell. 2, 55, 3.—

The planet Mars: Jovis stellae proximum inferiorem orbem tenet puroeis, quae stella Martis appellatur, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 53; 2, 46, 119; Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 34; 2, 15, 12, § 60; Hyg. Astr. 2, 42:

Martis sidus,

Cassiod. Var. 11, 36.—Hence,

Mar-tĭus ( Māvortĭus, v. infra), a, um, adj.

Of or belonging to Mars:

lupus,

sacred to Mars, Verg. A. 9, 566; cf.: Martius lupus, integer et intactus, gentis nos Martiae et conditoris nostri admonuit, descended from Mars (since Mars is the father of Romulus and Remus), Liv. 10, 27:

legio,

Cic. Phil. 3, 3, 6; 4, 2, 5:

miles,

Ov. M. 14, 798:

proles,

i. e. Romulus and Remus, id. F. 3, 59:

anguis,

sacred to Mars, id. M. 3, 32:

judicium,

i. e. of the Areopagus at Athens, App. M. 10, p. 718 Oud.: Campus;

v. campus: harena,

a place in the Circus where the gladiators fought, Ov. Tr. 2, 282; Mart. 2, 75, 8:

gramen,

i. e. the Field of Mars, Hor. C. 3, 7, 26: Martius mensis, the month of March, formerly the first month of the year, Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 13:

Martii Calendis,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 1: Idus Martiae, the Ides of March, famous as the day on which Julius Cæsar was killed, Cic. Att. 14, 4, 2; cf. 14, 20, 1 sq.; id. Phil. 2, 35, 88; id. Fam. 10, 28, 1.— In the form Mavortius ( poet.):

moenia,

i. e. Rome, Verg. A. 1, 276:

tellus,

i. e. Thrace, id. G. 4, 462:

conjux,

i. e. Venus, Val. Fl. 2, 208:

proles,

i. e. the Thebans, Ov. M. 3, 531; cf.:

seges belli (because sprung from the dragon's teeth),

Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 135.—

Transf.

Warlike, martial:

Martia Penthesilea,

Verg. A. 11, 661:

Martia saeculi voluptas,

Mart. 5, 24, 1:

Martius aeris rauci canor,

Verg. G. 4, 71:

vulnera,

id. A. 7, 182:

Thebe,

i. e. where many wars were carried on, Ov. Am. 3, 6, 33.—

Of or belonging to the planet Mars:

ille fulgor rutilus, horribilisque terris, quem Martium dicitis,

Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17.—As subst.: Mar-tĭus, ii, m. (sc. mensis), March, the month of March:

Mensium nomina fere aperta sunt, si a Martio, ut antiqui constituerunt, numeres, Nam primus a Marte,

Varr. L. L. 6, 4, § 33.—

Martĭālis, e, adj.

Of or belonging to Mars: Flamen, Varr L. L. 5, § 84 Müll.;

7, § 45 ib.: lupus,

sacred to Mars, Hor. C. 1, 17, 9:

ludi,

in honor of Mars, Suet. Claud. 1: Martialis collis, near the temple of Deus Fidius, Varr. L. L. 5, § 52 Müll.— Subst.: Martĭālis, is, m., a priest of Mars:

Martiales quidam Larini appellabantur, ministri publici Martis,

Cic. Clu. 15, 43.—

Belonging to the legio Martia; hence, Martĭāles, the soldiers of the legio Martia, Cic. Phil. 4, 2, 5.

mīrĭfĭcus, a, um, adj. [mirus-facio], causing wonder or admiration, wonderful, marvellous, extraordinary, singular, strange (class.).

Of persons:

voramus litteras cum homine mirifico... Dionysio,

Cic. Att. 4, 11, 1:

homo in doctrinis mirificus,

Gell. 6, 15, 2.—

Of things:

turris mirificis operibus exstructa,

Caes. B. C. 3, 112:

pugnae,

Cic. Att. 1, 16, 1:

convicium,

id. ib. 1, 14, 5:

voluptas,

id. Fam. 3, 11, 3:

studium,

id. ib. 14, 3, 3:

mirificas gratias agere,

id. Att. 14, 13, 5:

sed te mirificam in latebram conjecisti,

id. Div. 2, 20, 47.— Sup., in two forms:

mirificissimum facinus,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 32: mirificentissima potentia, Aug. Civ. Dei, 18, 42 init. —Hence, adv.: mīrĭfĭcē, wonderfully, marvellously, extraordinarily, exceedingly (class.):

delectari,

Cic. Ac. 2, 2, 4:

dolere,

id. Att. 2, 19, 1:

diligere,

id. N. D. 1, 21, 58:

laudare,

id. Fam. 3, 11, 3:

prodesse,

Plin. 31, 8, 44, § 97.

mīror, ātus, 1 ( act. collat. form, v. miro), v. dep. a. and n. [Sanscr. smi, smile; Gr. meidaô; cf.: mirus, nimīrum], to wonder or marvel at, to be astonished or amazed at a thing; to admire; constr. with acc., acc. with inf., with quod, si, quā ratione, quid, unde, etc., with de, and poet.; in Greek constr. also aliquem alicujus rei (class.).

With acc.:

neglegentiam hominis,

Cic. Att. 10, 5, 59:

illud jam mirari desino, quod ante mirabar,

id. de Or. 2, 14, 59:

signa, tabulas pictas, vasa caelata,

Sall. C. 11, 6:

praemia,

Verg. G. 3, 49:

patrem,

to honor admiringly, Stat. S. 5, 2, 75:

alia digna miratu,

of admiring wonder, Sen. Ep. 94, 56:

mirari se,

to admire one's self, be in love with one's self, be vain, Cat. 22, 17.—

With object-clause:

si quis forte miratur, me ad accusandum descendere,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1, 1.—

With quod:

mirari se aiebat, quod non rideret haruspex, haruspicem cum vidisset,

Cic. Div. 2, 24, 51.—

With si:

idne tu miraris, si patrissat filius?

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 27: miror si, I should wonder, be surprised, if:

miror, in illā superbiā et importunitate si quemquam amicum habere potuit,

Cic. Lael. 15, 54.—

With rel.-clause:

ne miremini, quā ratione hic tantum potuerit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 134:

ejus rei quae causa esset miratus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 32:

miror, quid ex Piraeo abierit,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 59:

satis mirari non possum, unde, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 1, 34, 95:

si quis antea mirabatur, quid esset, quod, etc.,

id. Sest. 1.—

With de:

de singulari impudentiā,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 6.—

With cum: ne quis miretur, cum tam clare tonuerit, Pompon. ap. Non. 473, 3 (Com. Rel. v. 4 Rib.).—

Poet. in Greek constr. (thaumazô tina tinos), aliquem alicujus rei:

(te) justitiaene prius mirer belline laborum,

Verg. A. 11, 126.—

Trop.

To have a regard for:

familiaritates... amantium nos amicorum et nostra mirantium,

Cic. Off. 2, 8, 30.—

Of inanim. subjects ( poet.):

(arbos) miraturque novas frondes et non sua poma,

Verg. G. 2, 82.—Hence, mīran-dus, a, um, P. a., wonderful, strange, singular (class.):

in mirandam altitudinem depressum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 27, § 68:

mirandum in modum,

in a wonderful manner, id. Att. 9, 7, 3:

cliens,

Juv. 10, 161:

fides,

Stat. S. 1, 3, 20.— Neutr. absol.: mirandum est, unde, etc., the wonder is, etc., Juv. 10, 32.

nŏvus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. navas; Gr. neos, i. e. neWos; cf.: noverca, nuntius, denuo, nuper; Germ. neu; Engl. new], new, not old, young, fresh, recent, etc. (v. antiquus init.; cf.: recens, novellus).

Lit.

In gen.:

civitates condere novas,

Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

nova et a nobis inventa ratio,

id. ib. 1, 8, 13; cf.:

nihil novi vobis afferam neque quod a me sit cogitatum aut inventum,

id. ib. 1, 14, 21:

novus veteri exercitus jungitur,

Liv. 7, 7; cf.

miles,

Sall. J. 87, 2:

imperator,

id. ib. 44, 2:

novum de integro proelium,

Liv. 24, 16:

Camillus,

id. 22, 14:

consules,

Suet. Caes. 15:

serpens,

which has cast its old skin, Ov. M. 9, 266:

caro,

fresh meat, Juv. 11, 85.—Special phrases.

Novae tabernae, or simply Novae (sub Novis), the new shops; many of the shops of the money-changers in the Forum were burned down A. U. C. 543, and those built on their sites were called Novae, those which remained standing Veteres (v. vetus), Liv. 26, 27; 3, 48:

sub Novis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266; cf.: sub Novis dicta pars in foro aedificiorum, quod vocabulum ei pervetustum, Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—

Novae tabulae, new account-books, by making which old debts were cancelled, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 84; id. Phil. 6, 4, 11; id. Att. 5, 21, 13; 14, 21, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 1; 3, 21:

tum Catilina polliceri tabulas novas, proscriptionem locupletium,

Sall. C. 21, 2.—Hence, trop.:

beneficiorum novae tabulae,

i. e. forgetfulness of benefits, Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 6.—

Novus homo, or homo novus, the first of his family who obtained a curule office, a man newly ennobled, an upstart, Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138:

adeptus es, quod non multi homines novi,

Cic. Fam. 5, 18, 1; cf.:

in Q. Pompeio, novo homine et fortissimo viro,

id. Mur. 7, 16 sq.:

M. Catoni, homini ignoto et novo,

id. Rep. 1, 1, 1; cf.:

hic novus Arpinas, ignobilis, et modo Romae Municipalis eques,

Juv. 8, 237:

nova nupta,

a bride, Juv. 2, 120.— Plur. subst.: nŏvi, ōrum, m., recent writers: est et quod appellatur a novis noêma, Quint. 8, 5, 12:

novorum lectio,

id. 2, 5, 26; 5, 4, 1.—

Novae res, new things, novelties:

nihil te ad me postea scripsisse demiror, praesertim tam novis rebus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 4.—Also subst.: nŏvum, i, n., a new thing, a novelty; news:

novum attulerint, quod fit nusquam gentium,

Plaut. Cas. prol. 70:

num quidnam inquit novi?

Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 13:

si quid novi vel sero invenissem,

Quint. 2, 5, 3.— Plur.:

novorum interpositione priora confundere,

Quint. 10, 3, 32; 8, 3, 60.—But, in gen., novae res signifies political innovations, a revolution:

Q. Servilius Ahala Sp. Maelium novis rebus studentem manu suā occidit,

Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3:

rerum novarum causam quaerere,

id. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

plebes novarum rerum cupida,

Sall. C. 28, 4:

cuncta plebes novarum rerum studio Catilinae incepta probabat,

id. ib. 37, 1:

novarum rerum avidi,

id. J. 19, 1.—In a double sense: Segulium neglegamus, qui res novas quaerit: non quo veterem comederit—nullam enim habuit—sed hanc ipsam recentem novam devorārit, innovations and new wealth, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 2.—

In partic.

New, novel, strange, singular, unusual, unheard of:

flagitia ingentia, nova, capitalia,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 3:

nihil dicam aut inauditum vobis aut cuiquam novum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137; cf.:

novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum,

id. Lig. 1, 1:

nova tibi haec sunt et inopinata?

id. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 24; id. Att. 6, 1, 5:

novam in feminā virtutem novo genere honoris donavere,

Liv. 2, 13; Verg. A. 3, 591:

nova monstra,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 6:

si res agi videtur nova, magna, atrox,

Quint. 4, 1, 33.—

New in any thing, unused, unaccustomed, inexperienced ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

et rudis ad partus et nova miles oram,

Ov. H. 11, 48.—

With dat.:

novus dolori,

Sil. 6, 254; Tac. Agr. 16.—

With inf.:

nova ferre jugum cervix,

Sil. 16, 332.—

Nova Via structa esse dicitur regnante Ser. Tullio, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Mull.; v. Müll. ib. p. 389, a; cf.:

vocabulum pervetustum ut Novae viae, quae via jam diu vetus,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—

Recent:

tu cognovisti omnia, novissima et antiqua,

Vulg. Psa. 138, 5.—

In eccl. Lat., renewed by grace:

nova creatura,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 5, 17:

induite novum hominem,

ib. Eph. 4, 24.—

Transf., in the sup.: nŏvissĭmus, a, um, the latest, last, hindermost, extreme (syn.:

extremus, proximus, recentissimus): a quo (sc. novo) etiam extremum novissimum quoque dici coeptum vulgo, quod meā memoriā ut Aelius sic senes aliquot, nimium novum verbum quod esset, vitabant,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.:

histriones,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 11, 30; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 3; Cass. ib. 12, 13, 1:

qui ex iis novissimus venit, necatur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 56:

novissimum agmen,

the rear, id. ib. 1, 15; 7, 68. —So as subst.: nŏvissĭmi, ōrum, the rear of an army, the soldiers in the last line:

novissimis praesidio esse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20:

novissimos adorti magnam multitudinem conciderunt,

id. ib. 2, 11:

dixitque novissima verba,

Verg. A. 4, 650:

novissima cauda,

i. e. the end of, Ov. M. 3, 681; 13, 963:

luna,

Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—

Like Engl. last, extreme, highest:

exempla,

the extreme penalty, the penalty of death, Tac. A. 12, 20; 15, 44; and absol.:

a summā spe, novissima exspectabat,

id. ib. 6, 50:

novissimum casum experitur,

id. ib. 12, 33.—

Esp. in eccl. Lat.

Youngest:

liberorum,

Vulg. Jos. 6, 26.—

Lowest in rank or fortune:

de novissimis populi,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 13, 33.—

As subst.

Sing.: nŏvissĭmum, i, n., the end.

Of place:

terrae,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 3, 9:

a summo ad novissimum,

the bottom, id. Isa. 56, 11.—

Of time:

habent spem in novissimo,

Vulg. Prov. 23, 18.—

Plur.: nŏvissĭma, ōrum, n.

Of place, the bottom, depths:

abyssi,

Vulg. Job. 38, 16.—

Of time:

habebis in novissimis spem,

Vulg. Prov. 24, 14; cf.:

novissima hominis illius,

the end, id. Luc. 11, 26.—Hence, adv. (not in Cic.) in two forms.

Form nŏvē, newly, in a new or unusual manner:

ornata ut lepide! ut concinne! ut nove!

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 38: ne quid ambigue, ne quid nove dicamus, * Auct. Her. 1, 9, 15:

verba nove aut insigniter dicta,

Gell. 19, 7, 2; cf. id. 17, 2, 13; Sen. Contr. 1, 4 fin. —

Form nŏvĭter, newly:

BASILICA IVLIA A SE NOVITER REPARATA,

Inscr. Orell. 24 (A. D. 377):

amor noviter venit,

Fulg. Myth. 3, 1 med. — Sup.: nŏvissĭmē.

Of time, recently, lately, a short time ago: mater cum novissime aegrotāsset, Val. Antias. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.:

quod novissime nobiscum foedus fecissent,

id. ib.:

novissime, memoriā nostrā, argentum aere solutum est,

Sall. C. 33, 2:

liber quem novissime tibi misi,

Plin. Ep. 8, 3, 1:

eloquendi rationem novissime repertam,

Quint. 12 praef. § 3.—

Of succession, lastly, last of all, finally:

dicam primum... deinde... novissime,

Sen. Ira, 3, 5, 2:

primum... post haec... novissime,

Quint. 3, 6, 24; cf.:

primum... post haec... novissime,

id. 11, 2, 41:

vel... vel... vel novissime,

id. 7, 1, 37:

et... et... et novissime,

id. 2, 4, 10:

cum plura interrogāsset... novissime id inferebat,

id. 5, 11, 3:

novissime cum, etc. (= postremo),

in the last fight, Hirt. B. G. 8, 48, 3.

nŏvus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. navas; Gr. neos, i. e. neWos; cf.: noverca, nuntius, denuo, nuper; Germ. neu; Engl. new], new, not old, young, fresh, recent, etc. (v. antiquus init.; cf.: recens, novellus).

Lit.

In gen.:

civitates condere novas,

Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

nova et a nobis inventa ratio,

id. ib. 1, 8, 13; cf.:

nihil novi vobis afferam neque quod a me sit cogitatum aut inventum,

id. ib. 1, 14, 21:

novus veteri exercitus jungitur,

Liv. 7, 7; cf.

miles,

Sall. J. 87, 2:

imperator,

id. ib. 44, 2:

novum de integro proelium,

Liv. 24, 16:

Camillus,

id. 22, 14:

consules,

Suet. Caes. 15:

serpens,

which has cast its old skin, Ov. M. 9, 266:

caro,

fresh meat, Juv. 11, 85.—Special phrases.

Novae tabernae, or simply Novae (sub Novis), the new shops; many of the shops of the money-changers in the Forum were burned down A. U. C. 543, and those built on their sites were called Novae, those which remained standing Veteres (v. vetus), Liv. 26, 27; 3, 48:

sub Novis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266; cf.: sub Novis dicta pars in foro aedificiorum, quod vocabulum ei pervetustum, Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—

Novae tabulae, new account-books, by making which old debts were cancelled, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 84; id. Phil. 6, 4, 11; id. Att. 5, 21, 13; 14, 21, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 1; 3, 21:

tum Catilina polliceri tabulas novas, proscriptionem locupletium,

Sall. C. 21, 2.—Hence, trop.:

beneficiorum novae tabulae,

i. e. forgetfulness of benefits, Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 6.—

Novus homo, or homo novus, the first of his family who obtained a curule office, a man newly ennobled, an upstart, Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138:

adeptus es, quod non multi homines novi,

Cic. Fam. 5, 18, 1; cf.:

in Q. Pompeio, novo homine et fortissimo viro,

id. Mur. 7, 16 sq.:

M. Catoni, homini ignoto et novo,

id. Rep. 1, 1, 1; cf.:

hic novus Arpinas, ignobilis, et modo Romae Municipalis eques,

Juv. 8, 237:

nova nupta,

a bride, Juv. 2, 120.— Plur. subst.: nŏvi, ōrum, m., recent writers: est et quod appellatur a novis noêma, Quint. 8, 5, 12:

novorum lectio,

id. 2, 5, 26; 5, 4, 1.—

Novae res, new things, novelties:

nihil te ad me postea scripsisse demiror, praesertim tam novis rebus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 4.—Also subst.: nŏvum, i, n., a new thing, a novelty; news:

novum attulerint, quod fit nusquam gentium,

Plaut. Cas. prol. 70:

num quidnam inquit novi?

Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 13:

si quid novi vel sero invenissem,

Quint. 2, 5, 3.— Plur.:

novorum interpositione priora confundere,

Quint. 10, 3, 32; 8, 3, 60.—But, in gen., novae res signifies political innovations, a revolution:

Q. Servilius Ahala Sp. Maelium novis rebus studentem manu suā occidit,

Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3:

rerum novarum causam quaerere,

id. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

plebes novarum rerum cupida,

Sall. C. 28, 4:

cuncta plebes novarum rerum studio Catilinae incepta probabat,

id. ib. 37, 1:

novarum rerum avidi,

id. J. 19, 1.—In a double sense: Segulium neglegamus, qui res novas quaerit: non quo veterem comederit—nullam enim habuit—sed hanc ipsam recentem novam devorārit, innovations and new wealth, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 2.—

In partic.

New, novel, strange, singular, unusual, unheard of:

flagitia ingentia, nova, capitalia,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 3:

nihil dicam aut inauditum vobis aut cuiquam novum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137; cf.:

novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum,

id. Lig. 1, 1:

nova tibi haec sunt et inopinata?

id. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 24; id. Att. 6, 1, 5:

novam in feminā virtutem novo genere honoris donavere,

Liv. 2, 13; Verg. A. 3, 591:

nova monstra,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 6:

si res agi videtur nova, magna, atrox,

Quint. 4, 1, 33.—

New in any thing, unused, unaccustomed, inexperienced ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

et rudis ad partus et nova miles oram,

Ov. H. 11, 48.—

With dat.:

novus dolori,

Sil. 6, 254; Tac. Agr. 16.—

With inf.:

nova ferre jugum cervix,

Sil. 16, 332.—

Nova Via structa esse dicitur regnante Ser. Tullio, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Mull.; v. Müll. ib. p. 389, a; cf.:

vocabulum pervetustum ut Novae viae, quae via jam diu vetus,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—

Recent:

tu cognovisti omnia, novissima et antiqua,

Vulg. Psa. 138, 5.—

In eccl. Lat., renewed by grace:

nova creatura,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 5, 17:

induite novum hominem,

ib. Eph. 4, 24.—

Transf., in the sup.: nŏvissĭmus, a, um, the latest, last, hindermost, extreme (syn.:

extremus, proximus, recentissimus): a quo (sc. novo) etiam extremum novissimum quoque dici coeptum vulgo, quod meā memoriā ut Aelius sic senes aliquot, nimium novum verbum quod esset, vitabant,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.:

histriones,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 11, 30; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 3; Cass. ib. 12, 13, 1:

qui ex iis novissimus venit, necatur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 56:

novissimum agmen,

the rear, id. ib. 1, 15; 7, 68. —So as subst.: nŏvissĭmi, ōrum, the rear of an army, the soldiers in the last line:

novissimis praesidio esse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20:

novissimos adorti magnam multitudinem conciderunt,

id. ib. 2, 11:

dixitque novissima verba,

Verg. A. 4, 650:

novissima cauda,

i. e. the end of, Ov. M. 3, 681; 13, 963:

luna,

Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—

Like Engl. last, extreme, highest:

exempla,

the extreme penalty, the penalty of death, Tac. A. 12, 20; 15, 44; and absol.:

a summā spe, novissima exspectabat,

id. ib. 6, 50:

novissimum casum experitur,

id. ib. 12, 33.—

Esp. in eccl. Lat.

Youngest:

liberorum,

Vulg. Jos. 6, 26.—

Lowest in rank or fortune:

de novissimis populi,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 13, 33.—

As subst.

Sing.: nŏvissĭmum, i, n., the end.

Of place:

terrae,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 3, 9:

a summo ad novissimum,

the bottom, id. Isa. 56, 11.—

Of time:

habent spem in novissimo,

Vulg. Prov. 23, 18.—

Plur.: nŏvissĭma, ōrum, n.

Of place, the bottom, depths:

abyssi,

Vulg. Job. 38, 16.—

Of time:

habebis in novissimis spem,

Vulg. Prov. 24, 14; cf.:

novissima hominis illius,

the end, id. Luc. 11, 26.—Hence, adv. (not in Cic.) in two forms.

Form nŏvē, newly, in a new or unusual manner:

ornata ut lepide! ut concinne! ut nove!

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 38: ne quid ambigue, ne quid nove dicamus, * Auct. Her. 1, 9, 15:

verba nove aut insigniter dicta,

Gell. 19, 7, 2; cf. id. 17, 2, 13; Sen. Contr. 1, 4 fin. —

Form nŏvĭter, newly:

BASILICA IVLIA A SE NOVITER REPARATA,

Inscr. Orell. 24 (A. D. 377):

amor noviter venit,

Fulg. Myth. 3, 1 med. — Sup.: nŏvissĭmē.

Of time, recently, lately, a short time ago: mater cum novissime aegrotāsset, Val. Antias. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.:

quod novissime nobiscum foedus fecissent,

id. ib.:

novissime, memoriā nostrā, argentum aere solutum est,

Sall. C. 33, 2:

liber quem novissime tibi misi,

Plin. Ep. 8, 3, 1:

eloquendi rationem novissime repertam,

Quint. 12 praef. § 3.—

Of succession, lastly, last of all, finally:

dicam primum... deinde... novissime,

Sen. Ira, 3, 5, 2:

primum... post haec... novissime,

Quint. 3, 6, 24; cf.:

primum... post haec... novissime,

id. 11, 2, 41:

vel... vel... vel novissime,

id. 7, 1, 37:

et... et... et novissime,

id. 2, 4, 10:

cum plura interrogāsset... novissime id inferebat,

id. 5, 11, 3:

novissime cum, etc. (= postremo),

in the last fight, Hirt. B. G. 8, 48, 3.

nŏvus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. navas; Gr. neos, i. e. neWos; cf.: noverca, nuntius, denuo, nuper; Germ. neu; Engl. new], new, not old, young, fresh, recent, etc. (v. antiquus init.; cf.: recens, novellus).

Lit.

In gen.:

civitates condere novas,

Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

nova et a nobis inventa ratio,

id. ib. 1, 8, 13; cf.:

nihil novi vobis afferam neque quod a me sit cogitatum aut inventum,

id. ib. 1, 14, 21:

novus veteri exercitus jungitur,

Liv. 7, 7; cf.

miles,

Sall. J. 87, 2:

imperator,

id. ib. 44, 2:

novum de integro proelium,

Liv. 24, 16:

Camillus,

id. 22, 14:

consules,

Suet. Caes. 15:

serpens,

which has cast its old skin, Ov. M. 9, 266:

caro,

fresh meat, Juv. 11, 85.—Special phrases.

Novae tabernae, or simply Novae (sub Novis), the new shops; many of the shops of the money-changers in the Forum were burned down A. U. C. 543, and those built on their sites were called Novae, those which remained standing Veteres (v. vetus), Liv. 26, 27; 3, 48:

sub Novis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266; cf.: sub Novis dicta pars in foro aedificiorum, quod vocabulum ei pervetustum, Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—

Novae tabulae, new account-books, by making which old debts were cancelled, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 84; id. Phil. 6, 4, 11; id. Att. 5, 21, 13; 14, 21, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 1; 3, 21:

tum Catilina polliceri tabulas novas, proscriptionem locupletium,

Sall. C. 21, 2.—Hence, trop.:

beneficiorum novae tabulae,

i. e. forgetfulness of benefits, Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 6.—

Novus homo, or homo novus, the first of his family who obtained a curule office, a man newly ennobled, an upstart, Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138:

adeptus es, quod non multi homines novi,

Cic. Fam. 5, 18, 1; cf.:

in Q. Pompeio, novo homine et fortissimo viro,

id. Mur. 7, 16 sq.:

M. Catoni, homini ignoto et novo,

id. Rep. 1, 1, 1; cf.:

hic novus Arpinas, ignobilis, et modo Romae Municipalis eques,

Juv. 8, 237:

nova nupta,

a bride, Juv. 2, 120.— Plur. subst.: nŏvi, ōrum, m., recent writers: est et quod appellatur a novis noêma, Quint. 8, 5, 12:

novorum lectio,

id. 2, 5, 26; 5, 4, 1.—

Novae res, new things, novelties:

nihil te ad me postea scripsisse demiror, praesertim tam novis rebus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 4.—Also subst.: nŏvum, i, n., a new thing, a novelty; news:

novum attulerint, quod fit nusquam gentium,

Plaut. Cas. prol. 70:

num quidnam inquit novi?

Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 13:

si quid novi vel sero invenissem,

Quint. 2, 5, 3.— Plur.:

novorum interpositione priora confundere,

Quint. 10, 3, 32; 8, 3, 60.—But, in gen., novae res signifies political innovations, a revolution:

Q. Servilius Ahala Sp. Maelium novis rebus studentem manu suā occidit,

Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3:

rerum novarum causam quaerere,

id. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

plebes novarum rerum cupida,

Sall. C. 28, 4:

cuncta plebes novarum rerum studio Catilinae incepta probabat,

id. ib. 37, 1:

novarum rerum avidi,

id. J. 19, 1.—In a double sense: Segulium neglegamus, qui res novas quaerit: non quo veterem comederit—nullam enim habuit—sed hanc ipsam recentem novam devorārit, innovations and new wealth, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 2.—

In partic.

New, novel, strange, singular, unusual, unheard of:

flagitia ingentia, nova, capitalia,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 3:

nihil dicam aut inauditum vobis aut cuiquam novum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137; cf.:

novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum,

id. Lig. 1, 1:

nova tibi haec sunt et inopinata?

id. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 24; id. Att. 6, 1, 5:

novam in feminā virtutem novo genere honoris donavere,

Liv. 2, 13; Verg. A. 3, 591:

nova monstra,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 6:

si res agi videtur nova, magna, atrox,

Quint. 4, 1, 33.—

New in any thing, unused, unaccustomed, inexperienced ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

et rudis ad partus et nova miles oram,

Ov. H. 11, 48.—

With dat.:

novus dolori,

Sil. 6, 254; Tac. Agr. 16.—

With inf.:

nova ferre jugum cervix,

Sil. 16, 332.—

Nova Via structa esse dicitur regnante Ser. Tullio, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Mull.; v. Müll. ib. p. 389, a; cf.:

vocabulum pervetustum ut Novae viae, quae via jam diu vetus,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—

Recent:

tu cognovisti omnia, novissima et antiqua,

Vulg. Psa. 138, 5.—

In eccl. Lat., renewed by grace:

nova creatura,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 5, 17:

induite novum hominem,

ib. Eph. 4, 24.—

Transf., in the sup.: nŏvissĭmus, a, um, the latest, last, hindermost, extreme (syn.:

extremus, proximus, recentissimus): a quo (sc. novo) etiam extremum novissimum quoque dici coeptum vulgo, quod meā memoriā ut Aelius sic senes aliquot, nimium novum verbum quod esset, vitabant,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.:

histriones,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 11, 30; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 3; Cass. ib. 12, 13, 1:

qui ex iis novissimus venit, necatur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 56:

novissimum agmen,

the rear, id. ib. 1, 15; 7, 68. —So as subst.: nŏvissĭmi, ōrum, the rear of an army, the soldiers in the last line:

novissimis praesidio esse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20:

novissimos adorti magnam multitudinem conciderunt,

id. ib. 2, 11:

dixitque novissima verba,

Verg. A. 4, 650:

novissima cauda,

i. e. the end of, Ov. M. 3, 681; 13, 963:

luna,

Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—

Like Engl. last, extreme, highest:

exempla,

the extreme penalty, the penalty of death, Tac. A. 12, 20; 15, 44; and absol.:

a summā spe, novissima exspectabat,

id. ib. 6, 50:

novissimum casum experitur,

id. ib. 12, 33.—

Esp. in eccl. Lat.

Youngest:

liberorum,

Vulg. Jos. 6, 26.—

Lowest in rank or fortune:

de novissimis populi,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 13, 33.—

As subst.

Sing.: nŏvissĭmum, i, n., the end.

Of place:

terrae,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 3, 9:

a summo ad novissimum,

the bottom, id. Isa. 56, 11.—

Of time:

habent spem in novissimo,

Vulg. Prov. 23, 18.—

Plur.: nŏvissĭma, ōrum, n.

Of place, the bottom, depths:

abyssi,

Vulg. Job. 38, 16.—

Of time:

habebis in novissimis spem,

Vulg. Prov. 24, 14; cf.:

novissima hominis illius,

the end, id. Luc. 11, 26.—Hence, adv. (not in Cic.) in two forms.

Form nŏvē, newly, in a new or unusual manner:

ornata ut lepide! ut concinne! ut nove!

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 38: ne quid ambigue, ne quid nove dicamus, * Auct. Her. 1, 9, 15:

verba nove aut insigniter dicta,

Gell. 19, 7, 2; cf. id. 17, 2, 13; Sen. Contr. 1, 4 fin. —

Form nŏvĭter, newly:

BASILICA IVLIA A SE NOVITER REPARATA,

Inscr. Orell. 24 (A. D. 377):

amor noviter venit,

Fulg. Myth. 3, 1 med. — Sup.: nŏvissĭmē.

Of time, recently, lately, a short time ago: mater cum novissime aegrotāsset, Val. Antias. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.:

quod novissime nobiscum foedus fecissent,

id. ib.:

novissime, memoriā nostrā, argentum aere solutum est,

Sall. C. 33, 2:

liber quem novissime tibi misi,

Plin. Ep. 8, 3, 1:

eloquendi rationem novissime repertam,

Quint. 12 praef. § 3.—

Of succession, lastly, last of all, finally:

dicam primum... deinde... novissime,

Sen. Ira, 3, 5, 2:

primum... post haec... novissime,

Quint. 3, 6, 24; cf.:

primum... post haec... novissime,

id. 11, 2, 41:

vel... vel... vel novissime,

id. 7, 1, 37:

et... et... et novissime,

id. 2, 4, 10:

cum plura interrogāsset... novissime id inferebat,

id. 5, 11, 3:

novissime cum, etc. (= postremo),

in the last fight, Hirt. B. G. 8, 48, 3.