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ship+designer

  • 1 Deane, Sir Anthony

    SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping
    [br]
    b. 1638 Harwich (?), England
    d. 1721 England
    [br]
    English master shipwright, one of the most influential of seventeenth-century England.
    [br]
    It is believed that Deane was born in Harwich, the son of a master mariner. When 22 years of age, having been trained by Christopher Pett, he was appointed Assistant Master Shipwright at Woolwich Naval Dockyard, indicating an ability as a shipbuilder and also that he had influence behind him. Despite abruptness and a tendency to annoy his seniors, he was acknowledged by no less a man than Pepys (1633–1703) for his skill as a ship designer and -builder, and he was one of the few who could accurately estimate displacements and drafts of ships under construction. While only 26 years old, he was promoted to Master Shipwright of the Naval Base at Harwich and commenced a notable career. When the yard was closed four years later (on the cessation of the threat from the Dutch), Deane was transferred to the key position of Master Shipwright at Portsmouth and given the opportunity to construct large men-of-war. In 1671 he built his first three-decker and was experimenting with underwater hull sheathing and other matters. In 1672 he became a member of the Navy Board, and from then on promotion was spectacular, with almost full responsibility given him for decisions on ship procurement for the Navy. Owing to political changes he was out of office for some years and endured a short period in prison, but on his release he continued to work as a private shipbuilder. He returned to the King's service for a few years before the "Glorious Revolution" of 1688; thereafter little is known of his life, beyond that he died in 1721.
    Deane's monument to posterity is his Doctrine of Naval Architecture, published in 1670. It is one of the few books on ship design of the period and gives a clear insight into the rather pedantic procedures used in those less than scientific times. Deane became Mayor of Harwich and subsequently Member of Parliament. It is believed that he was Peter the Great's tutor on shipbuilding during his visit to the Thames in 1698.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1673.
    Bibliography
    1670, Doctrine of Naval Architecture; repub. 1981, with additional commentaries by Brian Lavery, as Deane's Doctrine of Naval Architecture 1670, London: Conway Maritime.
    Further Reading
    Westcott Abell, 1948, The Shipwright's Trade, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    FMW

    Biographical history of technology > Deane, Sir Anthony

  • 2 наиболее подходящий

    Наиболее подходящий-- It has become our policy to provide a range of gas turbines from which the ship designer can select the most appropriate units for a given ship.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > наиболее подходящий

  • 3 проектировщик судов

    Engineering: ship designer

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > проектировщик судов

  • 4 Linton, Hercules

    SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping
    [br]
    b. 1 January 1836 Inverbervie, Kincardineshire, Scotland
    d. 15 May 1900 Inverbervie, Kincardineshire, Scotland
    [br]
    Scottish naval architect and shipbuilder; designer of the full-rigged ship Cutty Sark.
    [br]
    Linton came from a north-east Scottish family with shipbuilding connections. After education at Arbuthnott and then Arbroath Academy, he followed his father by becoming an apprentice at the Aberdeen shipyard of Alex Hall in January 1855. Thus must have been an inspiring time for him as the shipyards of Aberdeen were at the start of their rise to world renown. Hall's had just introduced the hollow, lined Aberdeen Bow which heralded the great years of the Aberdeen Clippers. Linton stayed on with Hall's until around 1863, when he joined the Liverpool Under-writers' Register as a ship surveyor; he then worked for similar organizations in different parts of England and Scotland. Early in 1868 Linton joined in partnership with William Dundas Scott and the shipyard of Scott and Linton was opened on the banks of the River Leven, a tributary of the Clyde, at Dumbarton. The operation lasted for about three years until bankruptcy forced closure, the cause being the age-old shipbuilder's problem of high capital investment with slow cash flow. Altogether, nine ships were built, the most remarkable being the record-breaking composite-built clipper ship Cutty Sark. At the time of the closure the tea clipper was in an advanced state of outfitting and was towed across the water to Denny's shipyard for completion. Linton worked for a while with Gourlay Brothers of Dundee, and then with the shipbuilders Oswald Mordaunt, of Woolston near Southampton, before returning to the Montrose area in 1884. His wife died the following year and thereafter Linton gradually reduced his professional commitments.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    Robert E.Brettle, 1969, The Cutty Sark, Her Designer and Builder. Hercules Linton 1836–1900, Cambridge: Heffer.
    Frank C.G.Carr, "The restoration of the Cutty Sark", Transactions of the Royal Institution
    of Naval Architects 108:193–216.
    Fred M.Walker, 1984, Song of the Clyde. A History of Clyde Shipbuilding, Cambridge: PSL.
    FMW

    Biographical history of technology > Linton, Hercules

  • 5 de un golpe

    all at once, in one go
    * * *
    = at one blow, at one whack, at one pull, in one shot, in one lump, in one action, in one go, in one fell swoop, at one fell swoop
    Ex. This approach eliminates, at one blow, both the problems which exercise the designer of a pre-co-ordinate index, that is citation order and reference structure.
    Ex. I am involved with systematic reviews which routinely result in 4,000+ citations at one whack.
    Ex. In this way the whole forme was printed at one pull.
    Ex. Then in one second ten programs could work consecutively, and it will look like the computer is doing all ten in one shot.
    Ex. LCSH revision is continuous, and may be quite large scale, though this is less obvious because it does not take place in one lump every few years.
    Ex. To remove the borrower from all routing lists in one action, enter the code for delete.
    Ex. He jumped in with both feet, opening five stores in one go and declaring his intention to open 30 more within five years.
    Ex. He fired them all, in one fell swoop when he took office as do most all Presidents.
    Ex. Life on board ship is not easy for anyone, least of all for a small child, who is deprived of nursery and toys at one fell swoop.
    * * *
    = at one blow, at one whack, at one pull, in one shot, in one lump, in one action, in one go, in one fell swoop, at one fell swoop

    Ex: This approach eliminates, at one blow, both the problems which exercise the designer of a pre-co-ordinate index, that is citation order and reference structure.

    Ex: I am involved with systematic reviews which routinely result in 4,000+ citations at one whack.
    Ex: In this way the whole forme was printed at one pull.
    Ex: Then in one second ten programs could work consecutively, and it will look like the computer is doing all ten in one shot.
    Ex: LCSH revision is continuous, and may be quite large scale, though this is less obvious because it does not take place in one lump every few years.
    Ex: To remove the borrower from all routing lists in one action, enter the code for delete.
    Ex: He jumped in with both feet, opening five stores in one go and declaring his intention to open 30 more within five years.
    Ex: He fired them all, in one fell swoop when he took office as do most all Presidents.
    Ex: Life on board ship is not easy for anyone, least of all for a small child, who is deprived of nursery and toys at one fell swoop.

    Spanish-English dictionary > de un golpe

  • 6 de una vez

    (de un acto) in one go 2 (definitivamente) once and for all
    ¡acabémoslo de una vez! let's get it over with!
    * * *
    = at one blow, at one time, in one action, in one step, in a single step, at one whack, in a single phase, in one shot, in one fell swoop, at one fell swoop
    Ex. This approach eliminates, at one blow, both the problems which exercise the designer of a pre-co-ordinate index, that is citation order and reference structure.
    Ex. Maximum number of documents which can be charged out at one time.
    Ex. To remove the borrower from all routing lists in one action, enter the code for delete.
    Ex. The program automatically swaps CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files and executes a warm boot in one step.
    Ex. BEGIN X combines the BEGIN and EXECUTE STEPS commands in a single step.
    Ex. I am involved with systematic reviews which routinely result in 4,000+ citations at one whack.
    Ex. The new library was built in a single phase, with stock and facilities housed in temporary accommodation during demolition and construction.
    Ex. Then in one second ten programs could work consecutively, and it will look like the computer is doing all ten in one shot.
    Ex. He fired them all, in one fell swoop when he took office as do most all Presidents.
    Ex. Life on board ship is not easy for anyone, least of all for a small child, who is deprived of nursery and toys at one fell swoop.
    * * *
    = at one blow, at one time, in one action, in one step, in a single step, at one whack, in a single phase, in one shot, in one fell swoop, at one fell swoop

    Ex: This approach eliminates, at one blow, both the problems which exercise the designer of a pre-co-ordinate index, that is citation order and reference structure.

    Ex: Maximum number of documents which can be charged out at one time.
    Ex: To remove the borrower from all routing lists in one action, enter the code for delete.
    Ex: The program automatically swaps CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files and executes a warm boot in one step.
    Ex: BEGIN X combines the BEGIN and EXECUTE STEPS commands in a single step.
    Ex: I am involved with systematic reviews which routinely result in 4,000+ citations at one whack.
    Ex: The new library was built in a single phase, with stock and facilities housed in temporary accommodation during demolition and construction.
    Ex: Then in one second ten programs could work consecutively, and it will look like the computer is doing all ten in one shot.
    Ex: He fired them all, in one fell swoop when he took office as do most all Presidents.
    Ex: Life on board ship is not easy for anyone, least of all for a small child, who is deprived of nursery and toys at one fell swoop.

    Spanish-English dictionary > de una vez

  • 7 Waymouth, Bernard

    SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping
    [br]
    b. unknown
    d. 25 November 1890 London, England
    [br]
    English naval architect, ship surveyor and designer of the clipper ship Thermopylae.
    [br]
    Waymouth had initial training in shipbuilding at one of the Royal Dockyards before going on to work at a privately owned shipyard. With this all-round experience he was accepted in 1854 by Lloyd's Register of Shipping as a surveyor, and was to serve the Society well during a period of great change in ship design. In 1864 he was charged with the task of framing the Rules for the Construction of Composite Built Vessels, i.e. ships with main structural members such as keel, frames and deck beams of iron and with the hull sheathing or planking of timber. Although long superseded, these rules were of considerable consequence at the time and they were accompanied by beautiful drawings executed by Harry J.Cornish, who became Chief Ship Surveyor of Lloyd's from 1900 until 1909. In 1870 revolutionary proposals were made for iron ships that led to the adoption of a new form of rules where the scantlings or size of individual parts were related to the overall dimensions of the vessel. The symbol 100A1 was then adopted for the first time.
    Waymouth was more than a theoretical naval architect: in the late 1860s he was commissioned by the shipbuilders Walter Hood to design the famous Aberdeen Clipper Thermopylae. This was one of the fastest sailing ships of the nineteenth century and, along with its Clyde-built counterpart Cutty Sark, proved the efficacy of composite construction for these specialist vessels.
    Waymouth was appointed Principal Surveyor of Lloyd's in 1870 and was Secretary of the Society from 1872 until his death at work in 1890. He was a member of the Royal Commission on Tonnage and of the Enquiry into the loss of HMS Atlanta, and at the time of his death was Vice-President of the Institution of Naval Architects.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Vice-President, Institution of Naval Architects.
    Further Reading
    Annals of Lloyd's Register, 1934, London.
    FMW

    Biographical history of technology > Waymouth, Bernard

  • 8 Watson, George Lennox

    SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping
    [br]
    b. 1851 Glasgow, Scotland
    d. 12 November 1904 Glasgow, Scotland
    [br]
    Scottish designer of some of the world's largest sailing and powered yachts, principal technical adviser to the Royal National Lifeboat Institution.
    [br]
    Almost all of Watson's life was spent in or around the City of Glasgow; his formal education was at the city's High School and at the age of 16 he entered the yard and drawing offices of Robert Napier's Govan Shipyard. Three years later he crossed the River Clyde and started work in the design office of the Pointhouse Shipyard of A. \& J.Inglis, and there received the necessary grounding of a naval architect. Dr John Inglis, the Principal of the firm, encouraged Watson, ensured that he was involved in advanced design work and allowed him to build a yacht in a corner of the shipyard in his spare time.
    At the early age of 22 Watson set up as a naval architect with his own company, which is still in existence 120 years later. In 1875, assisted by two carpenters, Watson built the 5-ton yacht Vril to his own design. This vessel was the first with an integral heavy lead keel and its success ensured that design contracts flowed to him for new yachts for the Clyde and elsewhere. His enthusiasm and increasing skill were recognized and soon he was working on the ultimate: the America's Cup challengers Thistle, Valkyrie II, Valkyrie III and Shamrock II. The greatest accolade was the contract for the design of the J Class yacht Britannia, built by D. \& W.Henderson of Glasgow in 1893 for the Prince of Wales.
    The company of G.L.Watson became the world's leading designer of steam yachts, and it was usual for it to offer a full design service as well as supervise construction in any part of the world. Watson took a deep interest in the work of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution and was its technical consultant for many years. One of his designs, the Watson Lifeboat, was a stalwart in its fleet for many years. In public life he lectured, took an active part in the debates on yacht racing and was recognized as Britain's leading designer.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1881, Progress in Yachting and Yacht-Building, Glasgow Naval and Marine Engineering Catalogue, London and Glasgow: Collins.
    1894, The Evolution of the Modern Racing Yacht, Badminton Library of Sports and Pastimes, Vol. 1, London: Longmans Green, pp. 54–109.
    Further Reading
    John Irving, 1937, The King's Britannia. The Story of a Great Ship, London: Seeley Service.
    FMW

    Biographical history of technology > Watson, George Lennox

  • 9 Meek, Marshall

    SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping
    [br]
    b. 22 April 1925 Auchtermuchty, Fife, Scotland
    [br]
    Scottish naval architect and leading twentieth-century exponent of advanced maritime technology.
    [br]
    After early education at Cupar in Fife, Meek commenced training as a naval architect, taking the then popular sandwich apprenticeship of alternate half years at the University of Glasgow (with a Caird Scholarship) and at a shipyard, in his case the Caledon of Dundee. On leaving Dundee he worked for five years with the British Ship Research Association before joining Alfred Holt \& Co., owners of the Blue Funnel Line. During his twenty-five years at Liverpool, he rose to Chief Naval Architect and Director and was responsible for bringing the cargo-liner concept to its ultimate in design. When the company had become Ocean Fleets, it joined with other British shipowners and looked to Meek for the first purpose-built containership fleet in the world. This required new ship designs, massive worldwide investment in port facilities and marketing to win public acceptance of freight containers, thereby revolutionizing dry-cargo shipping. Under the houseflag of OCL (now POCL), this pioneer service set the highest standards of service and safety and continues to operate on almost every ocean.
    In 1979 Meek returned to the shipbuilding industry when he became Head of Technology at British Shipbuilders. Closely involved in contemporary problems of fuel economy and reduced staffing, he held the post for five years before his appointment as Managing Director of the National Maritime Institute. He was deeply involved in the merger with the British Ship Research Association to form British Maritime Technology (BMT), an organization of which he became Deputy Chairman.
    Marshall Meek has held many public offices, and is one of the few to have been President of two of the United Kingdom's maritime institutions. He has contributed over forty papers to learned societies, has acted as Visiting Professor to Strathclyde University and University College London, and serves on advisory committees to the Ministry of Defence, the Department of Transport and Lloyd's Register of Shipping. While in Liverpool he served as a Justice of the Peace.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    CBE 1989. Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering 1990. President, Royal Institution of Naval Architects 1990–3; North East Coast Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders 1984–6. Royal Designer for Industry (RDI) 1986. Royal Institution of Naval Architects Silver Medal (on two occasions).
    Bibliography
    1970, "The first OCL containerships", Transactions of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects.
    FMW

    Biographical history of technology > Meek, Marshall

  • 10 Peter the Great (Pyotr Alekseyevich Romanov)

    SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping
    [br]
    b. 10 June 1672 (30 May 1672 Old Style) Moscow, Russia
    d. 8 February 1725 (28 January 1725 Old Style) St Petersburg, Russia
    [br]
    Russian Tsar (1682–1725), Emperor of all the Russias (1722–5), founder of the Russian Navy, shipbuilder and scientist; as a shipbuilder he was known by the pseudonym Petr Mikhailov.
    [br]
    Peter the Great was a man with a single-minded approach to problems and with passionate and lifelong interests in matters scientific, military and above all maritime. The unusual and dominating rule of his vast lands brought about the age of Russian enlightenment, and ensured that his country became one of the most powerful states in Europe.
    Peter's interest in ships and shipbuilding started in his childhood; c. 1687 he had an old English-built day sailing boat repaired and launched, and on it he learned the rudiments of sailing and navigation. This craft (still preserved in St Petersburg) became known as the "Grandfather of the Russian Navy". In the years 1688 to 1693 he established a shipyard on Lake Plestsheev and then began his lifelong study of shipbuilding by visiting and giving encouragement to the industry at Archangelsk on the White Sea and Voronezh in the Sea of Azov. In October 1696, Peter took Azov from the Turks, and the Russian Fleet ever since has regarded that date as their birthday. Setting an example to the young aristocracy, Peter travelled to Western Europe to widen his experience and contacts and also to learn the trade of shipbuilding. He worked in the shipyards of Amsterdam and then at the Naval Base of Deptford on the Thames.
    The war with Sweden concentrated his attention on the Baltic and, to establish a base for trading and for the Navy, the City of St Petersburg was constructed on marshland. The Admiralty was built in the city and many new shipyards in the surrounding countryside, one being the Olonez yard which in 1703 built the frigate Standart, the first for the Baltic Fleet, which Peter himself commanded on its first voyage. The military defence of St Petersburg was effected by the construction of Kronstadt, seawards of the city.
    Throughout his life Peter was involved in ship design and it is estimated that one thousand ships were built during his reign. He introduced the building of standard ship types and also, centuries ahead of its time, the concept of prefabrication, unit assembly and the building of part hulls in different places. Officially he was the designer of the ninety-gun ship Lesnoe of 1718, and this may have influenced him in instituting Rules for Shipbuilders and for Seamen. In 1716 he commanded the joint fleets of the four naval powers: Denmark, Britain, Holland and Russia.
    He established the Marine Academy, organized and encouraged exploration and scientific research, and on his edict the St Petersburg Academy of Science was opened. He was not averse to the recruitment of foreigners to key posts in the nation's service. Peter the Great was a remarkable man, with the unusual quality of being a theorist and an innovator, in addition to the endowments of practicality and common sense.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    Robert K.Massie, 1981, Peter the Great: His Life and Work, London: Gollancz.
    Henri Troyat, 1979, Pierre le Grand; pub. in English 1988 as Peter the Great, London: Hamish Hamilton (a good all-round biography).
    AK / FMW

    Biographical history of technology > Peter the Great (Pyotr Alekseyevich Romanov)

  • 11 Williams, Sir Edward Leader

    SUBJECT AREA: Canals, Civil engineering
    [br]
    b. 28 April 1828 Worcester, England
    d. 1 June 1910 Altrincham, Cheshire, England
    [br]
    English civil engineer, designer and first Chief Engineer of the Manchester Ship Canal.
    [br]
    After an apprenticeship with the Severn Navigation, of which his father was Chief Engineer, Williams was engaged as Assistant Engineer on the Great Northern Railway, Resident Engineer at Shoreham Harbour and Engineer to the contractors for the Admiralty Pier at Dover. In 1856 he was appointed Engineer to the River Weaver Trust, and among the improvements he made was the introduction of the Anderton barge lift linking the Weaver and the Trent and Mersey Canal. After rejecting the proposal of a flight of locks he considered that barges might be lifted and lowered by hydraulic means. Various designs were submitted and the final choice fell on one by Edwin Clark that had two troughs counterbalancing each other through pistons. Movement of the troughs was initiated by introducing excess water into the upper trough to lift the lower. The work was carried out by Clark.
    In 1872 Williams became Engineer to the Bridgewater Navigation, enlarging the locks at Runcorn and introducing steam propulsion on the canal. He later examined the possibility of upgrading the Mersey \& Irwell Navigation to a Ship Canal. In 1882 his proposals to the Provisional Committee of the proposed Manchester Ship Canal were accepted. His scheme was to use the Mersey Channel as far as Eastham and then construct a lock canal from there to Manchester. He was appointed Chief Engineer of the undertaking.
    The canal's construction was a major engineering work during which Williams overcame many difficulties. He used the principle of the troughs on the Anderton lift as a guide for the construction of the Barton swing aqueduct, which replaced Brindley's original masonry aqueduct on the Bridgewater Canal. The first sod was cut at Eastham on 11 November 1887 and the lower portion of the canal was used for traffic in September 1891. The canal was opened to sea-borne traffic on 1 January 1894 and was formally opened by Queen Victoria on 21 May 1894. In acknowledgement of his work, a knighthood was conferred on him. He continued as Consulting Engineer until ill health forced his retirement.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted. Vice-President, Institution of Civil Engineers 1905–7.
    JHB

    Biographical history of technology > Williams, Sir Edward Leader

  • 12 konstruktorka

    m konstrukto|r, konstruktorka f designer, design a. construction engineer
    - konstruktor mostów/okrętów/samolotów a bridge/a ship/an airplane designer
    - zespół konstruktorów a design team
    * * *
    f.
    Gen.pl. -ek zob. konstruktor.

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > konstruktorka

  • 13 que

    conj.
    1 that.
    es importante que me escuches it's important that you listen to me
    que haya pérdidas no es un problema insuperable the fact that we've suffered losses isn't an insurmountable problem
    2 that.
    me ha confesado que me quiere he has told me that he loves me
    3 than.
    es más rápido que tú he's quicker than you
    antes morir que vivir la guerra I'd rather die than live through a war
    tanto me lo pidió que se lo di he asked me for it so insistently that I gave it to him
    5 so (that).
    ven aquí que te vea come over here so (that) I can see you
    quiero que lo hagas I want you to do it
    espero que te diviertas I hope (that) you have fun
    7 if.
    que no quieres hacerlo, pues no pasa nada it doesn't matter if you don't want to do it
    8 or.
    quieras que no, harás lo que yo mando you'll do what I tell you, whether you like it or not
    pron.
    1 who, that (person).
    la mujer que me saluda the woman (who o that is) waving to me
    el que me lo compró the one who bought it from me
    la moto que me gusta the motorbike (that) I like
    el hombre, que decía llamarse Simón, era bastante sospechoso the man, who said he was called Simón, seemed rather suspicious
    el que más y el que menos every last one of us, all of us without exception
    2 who, whom (person).
    el hombre que conociste ayer the man (who o whom) you met yesterday
    la persona/el lugar que estás buscando the person/the place you're looking for
    ese libro es el que me quiero comprar that book is the one (that o which) I want to buy
    * * *
    1 that
    3 (deseo, mandato)
    ¡que esperes un momento! wait a moment!
    ¡que te diviertas! enjoy yourself!
    4 (duda, extrañeza)
    ¿que no te hicieron pagar nada? (you say) they didn't make you pay anything?
    5 (causal, consecutiva)
    ¡arriba, que ya son las ocho! get up, it's eight o'clock!
    6 (tanto si... como si...) whether... or not...
    que llueva que no llueva, iremos de excursión whether it rains or not, we're going on a trip
    8 (final) so that
    que te gusta, te lo quedas; que no te gusta, lo cambias if you like it, keep it; if you don't, you can change it
    justicia pido, que no gracia I want justice, not mercy
    \
    ¿a que no? / ¿a que sí? right?, isn't that right?
    ¿a que no...? I bet you can't...!
    ¡con lo que...! you know how much...
    ¡con lo que le gusta el queso y se lo han prohibido! you know how much he likes cheese, and now he's not allowed to have any!
    que si esto que si lo otro what with one thing and the other
    que si esto, que si lo otro, total que no lo ha traído what with one thing and another, in the end he didn't bring it
    hace un frío que para qué it's really cold, it's so cold, it's freezing cold
    que yo sepa as far as I know
    yo que tú... if I were you...
    ————————
    1 (sujeto, persona) who, that; (cosa) that, which
    este árbol, que parecía muerto en invierno, está rebrotando this tree, which looked dead in winter, is sprouting
    2 (complemento, persona) whom, who; (cosa) that, which
    la pistola con que le hirieron era nuestra the gun with which he was wounded was ours, the gun he was wounded with was ours
    4 def art + que the one which, the one that
    * * *
    1. pron.
    1) that
    2) who
    4) whom
    2. conj.
    1) that, than
    2) let
    * * *
    I
    PRON REL
    1) [refiriéndose a personas]
    a) [como sujeto] who, that

    el hombre que vino ayerthe man who o that came yesterday

    b) [como complemento: a menudo se omite] that
    2) [refiriéndose a cosas]
    a) [como sujeto] that, which
    b) [como complemento: a menudo se omite] that, which

    el coche que compréthe car (that o which) I bought

    el libro del que te habléthe book (that o which) I spoke to you about

    el día que ella nacióthe day (when o that) she was born

    la cama en que pasé la noche — the bed in which I spent the night, the bed I spent the night in

    3)

    el/la/los/las que — ver el 8)

    4)

    lo que ver lo I, 3)

    II
    CONJ
    1) [en subordinada sustantiva: a menudo se omite]
    a) + indic that
    b) + subjun that
    c)
    claro 2., 4)
    2) [en comparaciones]

    eres igual que mi padre — you're just like my father

    más que — more than

    menos que — less than

    prefiero estar aquí que en mi casa — I'd rather be here than at home

    yo que tú — if I were you

    yo que tú, iría — I'd go, if I were you

    3) [expresando resultado]
    a) [a menudo se omite] that

    tan... que, es tan grande que no lo puedo levantar — it's so big (that) I can't lift it

    tanto... que, las manos le temblaban tanto que apenas podía escribir — her hands were shaking so much (that) she could hardly write

    b)
    bendición 2), primor 2)
    4) [expresando causa]

    llévate un paraguas, que está lloviendo — take an umbrella, it's raining

    no lo derroches, que es muy caro — don't waste it, it's very expensive

    ¡vamos, que cierro! — come on now, I'm closing!

    ¡cuidado, que te caes! — careful or you'll fall!, mind you don't fall!

    ¡suélteme, que voy a gritar! — let go or I'll scream!

    5) [expresando reiteración o insistencia]

    ¡que !, -es verde -¡que no! -¡que sí! — "it's green" - "no it isn't!" - "yes it is!"

    -no funciona -que sí, es que lo haces mal — "it doesn't work" - "yes it does, you're just doing it wrong"

    6) [sin antecedente expreso]
    a) [expresando mandato]

    ¡que lo haga él! — let him do it!, he can do it himself!

    ¡que entre! — send him in!, let him come in!

    b) [expresando deseo]

    ¡que venga pronto! — let's hope he comes soon!

    ¡que te mejores! — get well soon!

    ¡que os guste la película! — enjoy the film!

    c) [expresando sorpresa]

    ¿que no estabas allí? — (are you telling me) you weren't there?

    7)

    el que — + subjun (=el hecho de que) the fact that

    * * *
    I
    1) (introduciendo complemento, sujeto)
    a)

    que + INDIC — that

    ¿cuántos años crees que tiene? — how old do you think she is?

    eso de que estaba enfermo es mentira — (fam) this business about him being ill is a lie

    b)

    que + SUBJ: quiero que vengas I want you to come; lamento que no puedas quedarte I'm sorry (that) you can't stay; dice que no vayas she says you're not to go; ve a que te ayude tu padre go and get your father to help you; (el) que sea el jefe no significa... just because he's the boss doesn't mean...; es importante que quede claro it's important that it should be clear; sería una lástima que no vinieras — it would be a shame if you didn't come

    c)

    es que: es que hoy no voy a poder I'm afraid (that) I won't be able to today; es que no tengo dinero the trouble is I don't have any money; ¿es que eres sordo? — are you deaf or something?

    2)

    ¿que se casa? — she's getting married?

    ¿cómo que no vas a ir? — what do you mean, you're not going?

    que no, que no voy! — no! I'm not going!

    que sueltes, te digo! — I said, let go!

    ¿que dónde estaba? pues aquí — where was I? right here

    ¿que cómo me llamo? — what's my name?

    4)

    escóndete, que te van a ver — hide or they'll see you

    ven, que te peino — come here and let me comb your hair

    II

    los que viajan, que esperen aquí — those who are traveling, wait here

    es la/el que manda aquí — she's/he's the one who gives the orders here

    el paciente del que te habléthe patient (that o who) I spoke to you about

    2) (refiriéndose a cosas, asuntos, etc)
    a) (sujeto) that, which

    la forma/el lugar en que ocurrió — the way/the place (in which) it happened

    ¿sabes lo difícil que fue? — do you know how hard it was?; ver tb lo I 2), 3)

    * * *
    = than, what, which, which, who, that.
    Ex. A synthetic scheme needs less categories or headings than an equivalent enumerative scheme.
    Ex. Before examining the two main means of constructing classification schedules it is as well to consider what the objective of the designer of a classification scheme should be.
    Ex. There are a number of features of a catalogue or index which benefit from some standardisation.
    Ex. There are a number of features of a catalogue or index which benefit from some standardisation.
    Ex. This started in 1980, and has around forty members who receive some support to cover telephone charges.
    Ex. The (F) operator specifies that terms must be in the same field of the same record, in any order.
    ----
    * ¿para qué sirve... ? = what's the use of... ?.
    * ¿qué sentido tiene = what is/was the point of...?.
    * dar de qué hablar = raise + eyebrows, fuel + rumours, give + rise to rumours.
    * dar que hablar = fuel + rumours, give + rise to rumours.
    * de los que = whereof.
    * de qué se trata = what it's all about.
    * el problema no es el qué, sino el cómo = the devil (is/lives) in the details.
    * el que = the one.
    * el que no se aventura no cruza el mar = nothing ventured, nothing gained.
    * en qué momento = at what point.
    * en qué punto = at what point.
    * hasta qué punto = the extent to which.
    * la que = the one.
    * lo que es más = what's more.
    * más... que... = more... than....
    * menos... que... = less... than....
    * no saber qué hacer = be at a nonplus.
    * o qué sé yo = or whatever.
    * por qué = why.
    * puesto que = for.
    * que abarca = girdling.
    * que actúa de apoyo = supporting.
    * que actúa de soporte = supporting.
    * que afecta a = surrounding.
    * que afecta a toda la empresa = enterprise-wide.
    * que afecta a toda la sociedad = culture-wide.
    * que afecta a todas las culturas = culture-wide.
    * que afecta a varias generaciones = cross-generational.
    * que ahorran dinero = dollar-saving.
    * que amplia los horizontes = expansive.
    * que apoya moralmente = supportive.
    * que aquí presentamos = present.
    * que arde lentamente = smouldering [smoldering, -USA].
    * que atraviesa la ciudad = cross-town.
    * que avanza lentamente = crawling.
    * que avanza rápidamente = fast-moving, fast-developing.
    * que ayuda a recordar = memory-jogging.
    * que ayuda a refrescar la memoria = memory-jogging.
    * que baja los humos = humbling.
    * que bate todos los récords = record breaking.
    * que bota bien = bouncy [bouncier -comp., bounciest -sup.].
    * que busca el beneficio propio = self-serving.
    * que cambia con el tiempo = ever-changing [ever changing], time-variant, ever-shifting.
    * que cambia la vida = life-changing, life-altering.
    * que cambia rápidamente = rapid-fire.
    * que combina diferentes enseñanzas = multi-track [multitrack].
    * que combina diferentes tipos de recursos = multi-source [multi source].
    * que concede becas = grant-making.
    * que concede subsidios = grant-making.
    * que concierne a = surrounding.
    * que confiere cierto estatus social = status-conferring.
    * que confunde = confounding.
    * que conlleva = attendant, associated with.
    * que conserva su encanto natural = unspoilt [unspoiled, -USA].
    * que conserva su estado natural = unspoilt [unspoiled, -USA].
    * que consta de tres puntos = three-point.
    * que constituye un reto = challenging.
    * que consume mucha CPU = CPU intensive.
    * que consume mucha energía = energy-intensive, power-hungry.
    * que consume tiempo = time-consuming [time consuming].
    * que contengan los caracteres = hit by.
    * que contiene = therein.
    * que contiene muchas imágenes = image intensive.
    * que contribuye a la predisposición = predisposing.
    * que coocurre = co-occurring.
    * que corroe por dentro = gnawing.
    * que crea adicción = addictive.
    * que crea hábito = addictive.
    * que crece despacio = slowly growing.
    * que crece hacia dentro = ingrown.
    * que cruza fronteras = boundary spanning.
    * que cubre hasta la rodilla = knee deep.
    * que cubre hasta los tobillos = ankle deep.
    * que cubre todo el cuerpo = head to toe.
    * que cuelga = hanging.
    * que cumple los requisitos = qualifying.
    * que da agua = leaking, leaky [leakier -comp., leakiest -sup].
    * que da miedo = scary [scarier -comp., scariest -sup.].
    * que da que pensar = sobering.
    * que da susto = scary [scarier -comp., scariest -sup.].
    * que da vida = life-giving.
    * que deja mucho al azar = hit-or-miss.
    * ¿qué demonios...? = what on (this) earth...?.
    * ¿qué demonios...? = What the heck...?.
    * que demuestra desequilibrio de carácter = off-balance.
    * que depende del tiempo = time-dependent.
    * que desee(n) = of + Posesivo + choice, of + Posesivo + choosing.
    * que desempata = tie-breaking [tiebreaking].
    * ¿qué diablos...? = Heck!, What the heck...?.
    * que diferencia entre mayúscula y minúscula = case-sensitive.
    * que distingue entre mayúscula y minúscula = case-sensitive.
    * que distrae la atención = distracting.
    * que dura todo el año = year-round.
    * que el agua disuelve = water-fugitive.
    * ¿qué elegir? = which way to go?.
    * que encompasa = girdling.
    * que entran en juego = at play.
    * que era común anteriormente = once-common.
    * qué es cada cosa = what is what.
    * que escapan a + Posesivo + control = beyond + Posesivo + control.
    * que escuece = itchy [itchier -comp., itchiest -sup.].
    * que espera demasiado = over expectant.
    * que está creciendo = growing.
    * que está en constante evolución = ever-evolving.
    * que están apareciendo = emerging.
    * que estrope el paisaje = eyesore.
    * que exalta los ánimos = inflammatory.
    * que excede + Cantidad = in excess of + Cantidad.
    * que expresa dos puntos de vista opuestos = bipolar [bi-polar].
    * que falta = missing.
    * que faltan = wanting.
    * que florece en primavera = spring-flowering.
    * ¡qué follón! = what a palaver!.
    * que fomenta = conducive (to).
    * que forma parte de la cultura = culturally-embedded.
    * que fue = one-time.
    * que fue común antes = once-common.
    * que fuera = once.
    * que fuerza los músculos = muscle-straining.
    * que funciona = working.
    * que funciona a base de órdenes = command-driven.
    * que funciona con electricidad = electrically-powered, electrically-operated.
    * que funciona con energía eólica = wind-powered.
    * que funciona con monedas = coin-operated, coin-op.
    * que funciona con pilas = battery-operated, battery-powered.
    * que funciona con vapor = steam-powered.
    * que funciona manualmente = manually operated.
    * ¡que gane el mejor! = may the best man win!, may the best man win!.
    * que genera polémica = confrontational.
    * que gotea = leaky [leakier -comp., leakiest -sup], leaking.
    * que guarde relación con = in keeping with.
    * que habla bien = elocuted.
    * que habla en voz baja = quietly spoken.
    * que hace entrar en calor = warming, warming.
    * que hace época = epoch-making.
    * que hace historia = history-making.
    * que hace la boca agua = mouth-watering.
    * qué hacer con (algo) = disposition, disposition.
    * que hacer reflexionar = provocative of.
    * ¿Qué ha dicho? = I beg your pardon?.
    * que ha sobrevivido = surviving.
    * que hay que dar muchas vueltas = circuitous.
    * que hay que dedicarle mucho tiempo = time-intensive.
    * que hizo época = epochal.
    * que huele a lugar cerrado = fusty.
    * que incita a la reflexión = provocative of.
    * que induce a confusión = confounding.
    * que intervienen = at play.
    * que intimida = forbidding.
    * que invita a la reflexión = thought-provoking.
    * ¡qué jaleo! = what a palaver!.
    * ¡qué lástima! = what a pity!, what a pity!.
    * que le afecta a todo = crosscutting [cross cutting].
    * que le gusta arriesgarse = risk-taking.
    * que le gusta la mecánica = mechanically minded.
    * que le presta gran importancia a la cultura = culture-conscious.
    * que levanta el ánimo = uplifting.
    * que levanta el espíritu = uplifting.
    * ¡qué lío! = what a palaver!.
    * que llega = incoming.
    * que llega hasta la cintura = waist high, waist deep, waist length.
    * que llega hasta los hombres = shoulder-length.
    * que lleva tiempo en cartelera = long-running.
    * que lo abarca todo = all-embracing.
    * que lo hace uno mismo = do-it-yourself (DIY).
    * que lo incluye todo = all-embracing.
    * que marca época = landmark.
    * que marca un hito = epoch-making.
    * qué más = what else.
    * qué me dices de... = what about....
    * que mejora el estatus social = status-enhancing.
    * que mejora la calidad de vida = life-enhancing.
    * que merece la pena = worthwhile.
    * que mezcla sensaciones = synesthetic, cross-sensory.
    * que mira al sur = south facing.
    * que nace de = born out of.
    * ¿qué narices...? = What the heck...?.
    * que necesita bastante dedicación de personal = labour-intensive [labour intensive], staff-intensive [staff intensive].
    * que necesita bastante mano de obra = labour-intensive [labour intensive].
    * que necesita de un trabajo intelectual previo = knowledge-intensive.
    * que necesita la información = information-dependent.
    * que ni ama ni es amado = loveless.
    * que no absorbe el agua o la humedad = non-hygroscopic.
    * que no admite reserva = unreserved.
    * que no ajusta bien = ill-fitting.
    * que no aparece en primer lugar = nonfirst [non-first].
    * que no ayuda a distinguir = nondistinctive.
    * que no causa dolor = painless.
    * que no cierra bien = leaky [leakier -comp., leakiest -sup], leaking.
    * que no conduce a nada = circuitous.
    * que no cuadra = unreconciled.
    * que no da más de sí = overstretched.
    * que no daña el medio ambiente = environmentally friendly, environmentally sound, eco-friendly.
    * que no desaparece = lingering.
    * que no es de fiar = untrustworthy.
    * que no es de la India = non-Indic.
    * que no es libro de texto = non-textbook.
    * que no está en papel = non-paper [non paper].
    * que no es texto = non-text.
    * que no excluye otras posibilidades = non-exclusive.
    * que no fuma = non-smoking.
    * que no haya noticias es buena señal = no news is good news.
    * que no llama la atención = inconspicuous.
    * que no ofrece doctorado = non-doctoral granting.
    * que no perdona = unforgiving.
    * que no perjudica el medio ambiente = environmentally friendly, environmentally sound.
    * que no perjudica el medio ambiente = eco-friendly.
    * que no pertenece a una confesión religiosa concreta = nondenominational [non-denominational].
    * que no pertenece a un sindicato = non-unionised.
    * que no posee ninguna conexión = disjoint.
    * que no queda bien = ill-fitting.
    * que no recibe enseñanza formal = out-of-school.
    * que no representa reto = unchallenging.
    * que no sea(n) = other than.
    * que no se hace añicos = shatterproof.
    * que no se ha cuestionado = unquestioned, unscrutinised [unscrutinized, -USA].
    * que no se ha puesto en duda = unquestioned, unscrutinised [unscrutinized, -USA].
    * que no se le puede dar un nombre = unnameable.
    * que no se puede comparar = incomparable.
    * que no se puede conseguir = unobtainable.
    * que no se puede entregar = undeliverable.
    * que no se puede hacer cumplir = unenforceable.
    * que no se puede identificar con un término = unnameable.
    * que no se puede sacar en préstamo = non-circulating [noncirculating].
    * que no se puede uno perder = unmissable.
    * que no se rompe en mil pedazos = shatterproof.
    * que no se utiliza = unused.
    * que nos rodea = ambient.
    * que no tiene compensación = non-compensatory [noncompensatory].
    * que no tienen que rendir cuentas a nadie = unaccountable.
    * que no tiene precio = priceless.
    * que no tiene que ver con el tema debatido = off-topic.
    * que no viene a cuento = off-topic.
    * que obstruye = obstructive.
    * que ocupa la mejor posición = best-positioned.
    * que ocupa mucho espacio = space-consuming.
    * que ocupa poco espacio = space-saving.
    * que ocupa un puesto de mayor responsabilidad = senior.
    * ¿qué ocurre si... ? = what if... ?.
    * qué otra cosa = what else.
    * que padece de cólicos = colicky newborn.
    * que padece de peritonitis = peritonitic.
    * ¡qué palabras son esas! = watch your language!.
    * que parece dudoso = dubious-sounding.
    * que parece sospechoso = dubious-sounding.
    * que participan = at play.
    * ¿Qué pasa? = What's up?, What's up?.
    * que pasaba = passing.
    * que pasa de + Cantidad = in excess of + Cantidad.
    * que pasa desapercibido = inconspicuous, unobserved.
    * que pasa inadvertido = inconspicuous.
    * ¿qué pasará a continuación? = What's next?, What's next?, What next?, What next?.
    * que pase lo que tenga que pasar = que sera sera, whatever will be, will be, what's meant to be, will be.
    * que pela = piping hot, baking hot.
    * que perdura = lingering.
    * que permite desarrollar menús de consulta = menu-making.
    * que pica = itchy [itchier -comp., itchiest -sup.].
    * que pierde agua = leaking, leaky [leakier -comp., leakiest -sup].
    * que pincha = stubbly [stubblier -comp., stubbliest -sup.].
    * qué poco común = how odd.
    * que pone a Uno en su sitio = humbling.
    * que pone la vida en peligro = life threatening.
    * que pone obstáculos = obstructive.
    * que prefiere(n) = of + Posesivo + choosing, of + Posesivo + choice.
    * que procede del exterior = inbound.
    * que produce ansiedad = anxiety-producing.
    * que progresa rápidamente = fast-moving.
    * que + Pronombre + recordar = to the best of + Posesivo + recollection.
    * que puede causar detención = arrestable.
    * que puede demostrarse = demonstrably.
    * que puede salir en préstamo = loanable.
    * que puede ser apilado = stacking.
    * que puede ser usado a través de la web = web-compliant.
    * que puede volver a cerrarse herméticamente = resealable.
    * que queda = left-over [left over], surviving.
    * que queda mal = ill-fitting.
    * que quede entre nosotros = between you and me, between ourselves.
    * que quiere(n) = of + Posesivo + choosing, of + Posesivo + choice.
    * ¡qué raro! = how strange!.
    * que raya = jarring.
    * que rebota bien = bouncy [bouncier -comp., bounciest -sup.].
    * que reduce el estrés = stress-reducing.
    * que resulta irreconocible = out of all recognition.
    * que retiene el calor = heat absorbing.
    * que reúne las condiciones = qualified.
    * que rodea = surrounding.
    * ¡qué rollo macabeo! = what a palaver!.
    * que rompe la armonía = eyesore.
    * que sabe lo que = who knows what.
    * que sale de = off.
    * que se abrocha por atrás = back-buttoning.
    * que se acerca = oncoming.
    * que se acumula = accruable.
    * que se alaba a uno mismo = self-congratulatory.
    * que se alquila = rentable.
    * que se aproxima = oncoming.
    * que se atiene a una norma = compliant (with).
    * que se autoperpetúa = self-perpetuating.
    * que se avecina = oncoming.
    * que se carga por la boca = muzzle-loading.
    * que se coloca en lo alto del televisor = set-top.
    * que se compra = priced.
    * que se concede en función de las necesidades económicas = means-tested.
    * que se congratula a sí mismo = self-congratulating.
    * que se contradice a sí mismo = self-contradicting.
    * que se cuentan por millones = numbered in millions.
    * que se denomina a si mismo = self-proclaimed.
    * que se derrama = overflowing.
    * que se derrite en la boca = mellow [mellower -comp., mellowest -sup.].
    * que se desarrollan = at play.
    * que se descompone en migajas = crumby.
    * que se desmenuza fácilmente = crumbly [crumblier -comp., crumbliest -sup.].
    * que se desmigaja fácilmente = crumbly [crumblier -comp., crumbliest -sup.].
    * que se encuentra en la naturaleza = naturally-occurring.
    * que se enrolla = roll-up [rollup].
    * que se entrecruzan = intertwined.
    * que se está desarrollando = evolving.
    * que se está descascarillando = flaking.
    * que se está desintegrando = crumbling, disintegrating.
    * que se está examinando = under review.
    * que se está hundiendo = sinking.
    * que se está investigando = under investigation.
    * que se está pelando = flaking.
    * que se explica por sí mismo = self-explanatory [self explanatory/selfexplanatory].
    * que se expresa bien = articulate.
    * que se gestiona a sí mismo = self-managed.
    * que se guía por sí mismo = self-guiding.
    * que se inicie la contienda = let battle commence.
    * que se le puede dar un nombre = nameable.
    * que se lleva gestando hace tiempo = long-simmering.
    * (que se menciona) a continuación = below.
    * que se necesita urgentemente = sorely needed.
    * que se organiza a sí mismo = self-organising [self-organizing, -USA].
    * que se percibe desde hace mucho tiempo = long-felt.
    * que se piensa = perceived.
    * que se puede aplicar a rajatabla = hard and fast, ironclad [iron-clad].
    * que se puede arreglar = fixable.
    * que se puede buscar = searchable.
    * que se puede cambiar de tamaño = resizeable [re-sizeable].
    * que se puede clasificar = classifiable.
    * que se puede compartir = shareable.
    * que se puede conocer = knowable.
    * que se puede consultar = queriable.
    * que se puede contestar = answerable.
    * que se puede copiar = downloadable.
    * que se puede distribuir = redistributable.
    * que se puede enviar = deliverable.
    * que se puede escuchar = playable.
    * que se puede especificar = specifiable.
    * que se puede evitar = avoidable.
    * que se puede hacer cumplir = enforceable.
    * que se puede identicar con un término = nameable.
    * que se puede imprimir = printable.
    * que se puede lavar con lejía = bleachable.
    * que se puede obtener = obtainable.
    * que se puede quitar = detachable, removable.
    * que se puede reservar = bookable.
    * que se puede responder = answerable.
    * que se puede separar = detachable.
    * que se recuerde = in living memory.
    * que se repite = repetitious.
    * que se repite una y otra vez = recurring.
    * que se solapan = overlapping.
    * que se toma las cosas con calma = laid-back.
    * que se vende = priced.
    * que siempre va a la última moda = fashion-conscious.
    * que sienta precedente = landmark.
    * que sigue = ensuing.
    * que sigue la última moda = fashion-conscious.
    * que sigue una norma = compliant (with).
    * que siguió = ensuing.
    * ¿qué si no...? = what else but...?.
    * que sobrepasa + Cantidad = in excess of + Cantidad.
    * que sobresale = protruding.
    * que sólo se hace una vez = once-off.
    * que suena = ringing.
    * ¡Qué suerte! = What luck!, What luck!.
    * que supone = associated with.
    * que surge de = born out of.
    * qué te parece que... = what about....
    * que tiene el cenizo = jinxed.
    * que tiene el gafe = jinxed.
    * que tiene lugar una vez a la semana = once-weekly.
    * que tiene precio = priced.
    * que tiene sentido = meaningful.
    * que trabaja desde casa = home-based.
    * que trabajan para él = in its employ.
    * que transmite información = information-bearing.
    * que trata de = surrounding.
    * que tuvo lugar a continuación = ensuing.
    * que uno sigue a su propio ritmo = self-paced, self-guided.
    * que usa el estándar MIME = MIME-compliant.
    * que utiliza el tiempo como variable = time-dependent.
    * que utiliza muchos recursos = resource-intensive.
    * que vale la pena = worthwhile.
    * que van dirigidos hacia el exterior = outbound.
    * ¡qué verdad que es! = how true!.
    * que viene = incoming, next + Expresión Temporal.
    * que viene de largo = long-running.
    * que viene el lobo = crying wolf.
    * que vuela bajo = low-flying.
    * ¡que + Pronombre + zurcir! = be damned!.
    * quién sabe lo que = who knows what.
    * quién sabe qué = who knows what.
    * sin importar qué = no matter what/which.
    * sin saber qué decir = nonplussed [nonplused].
    * tal que = such that.
    * un no sé qué = a je ne sais quoi.
    * ¿Y ahora qué? = What's next?, What next?.
    * ya que = for, in that.
    * y Dios sabe qué más = and Heaven knows what else.
    * ¡y qué más da! = so what!.
    * * *
    I
    1) (introduciendo complemento, sujeto)
    a)

    que + INDIC — that

    ¿cuántos años crees que tiene? — how old do you think she is?

    eso de que estaba enfermo es mentira — (fam) this business about him being ill is a lie

    b)

    que + SUBJ: quiero que vengas I want you to come; lamento que no puedas quedarte I'm sorry (that) you can't stay; dice que no vayas she says you're not to go; ve a que te ayude tu padre go and get your father to help you; (el) que sea el jefe no significa... just because he's the boss doesn't mean...; es importante que quede claro it's important that it should be clear; sería una lástima que no vinieras — it would be a shame if you didn't come

    c)

    es que: es que hoy no voy a poder I'm afraid (that) I won't be able to today; es que no tengo dinero the trouble is I don't have any money; ¿es que eres sordo? — are you deaf or something?

    2)

    ¿que se casa? — she's getting married?

    ¿cómo que no vas a ir? — what do you mean, you're not going?

    que no, que no voy! — no! I'm not going!

    que sueltes, te digo! — I said, let go!

    ¿que dónde estaba? pues aquí — where was I? right here

    ¿que cómo me llamo? — what's my name?

    4)

    escóndete, que te van a ver — hide or they'll see you

    ven, que te peino — come here and let me comb your hair

    II

    los que viajan, que esperen aquí — those who are traveling, wait here

    es la/el que manda aquí — she's/he's the one who gives the orders here

    el paciente del que te habléthe patient (that o who) I spoke to you about

    2) (refiriéndose a cosas, asuntos, etc)
    a) (sujeto) that, which

    la forma/el lugar en que ocurrió — the way/the place (in which) it happened

    ¿sabes lo difícil que fue? — do you know how hard it was?; ver tb lo I 2), 3)

    * * *
    = than, what, which, which, who, that.

    Ex: A synthetic scheme needs less categories or headings than an equivalent enumerative scheme.

    Ex: Before examining the two main means of constructing classification schedules it is as well to consider what the objective of the designer of a classification scheme should be.
    Ex: There are a number of features of a catalogue or index which benefit from some standardisation.
    Ex: There are a number of features of a catalogue or index which benefit from some standardisation.
    Ex: This started in 1980, and has around forty members who receive some support to cover telephone charges.
    Ex: The (F) operator specifies that terms must be in the same field of the same record, in any order.
    * ¿para qué sirve... ? = what's the use of... ?.
    * ¿qué sentido tiene = what is/was the point of...?.
    * dar de qué hablar = raise + eyebrows, fuel + rumours, give + rise to rumours.
    * dar que hablar = fuel + rumours, give + rise to rumours.
    * de los que = whereof.
    * de qué se trata = what it's all about.
    * el problema no es el qué, sino el cómo = the devil (is/lives) in the details.
    * el que = the one.
    * el que no se aventura no cruza el mar = nothing ventured, nothing gained.
    * en qué momento = at what point.
    * en qué punto = at what point.
    * hasta qué punto = the extent to which.
    * la que = the one.
    * lo que es más = what's more.
    * más... que... = more... than....
    * menos... que... = less... than....
    * no saber qué hacer = be at a nonplus.
    * o qué sé yo = or whatever.
    * por qué = why.
    * puesto que = for.
    * que abarca = girdling.
    * que actúa de apoyo = supporting.
    * que actúa de soporte = supporting.
    * que afecta a = surrounding.
    * que afecta a toda la empresa = enterprise-wide.
    * que afecta a toda la sociedad = culture-wide.
    * que afecta a todas las culturas = culture-wide.
    * que afecta a varias generaciones = cross-generational.
    * que ahorran dinero = dollar-saving.
    * que amplia los horizontes = expansive.
    * que apoya moralmente = supportive.
    * que aquí presentamos = present.
    * que arde lentamente = smouldering [smoldering, -USA].
    * que atraviesa la ciudad = cross-town.
    * que avanza lentamente = crawling.
    * que avanza rápidamente = fast-moving, fast-developing.
    * que ayuda a recordar = memory-jogging.
    * que ayuda a refrescar la memoria = memory-jogging.
    * que baja los humos = humbling.
    * que bate todos los récords = record breaking.
    * que bota bien = bouncy [bouncier -comp., bounciest -sup.].
    * que busca el beneficio propio = self-serving.
    * que cambia con el tiempo = ever-changing [ever changing], time-variant, ever-shifting.
    * que cambia la vida = life-changing, life-altering.
    * que cambia rápidamente = rapid-fire.
    * que combina diferentes enseñanzas = multi-track [multitrack].
    * que combina diferentes tipos de recursos = multi-source [multi source].
    * que concede becas = grant-making.
    * que concede subsidios = grant-making.
    * que concierne a = surrounding.
    * que confiere cierto estatus social = status-conferring.
    * que confunde = confounding.
    * que conlleva = attendant, associated with.
    * que conserva su encanto natural = unspoilt [unspoiled, -USA].
    * que conserva su estado natural = unspoilt [unspoiled, -USA].
    * que consta de tres puntos = three-point.
    * que constituye un reto = challenging.
    * que consume mucha CPU = CPU intensive.
    * que consume mucha energía = energy-intensive, power-hungry.
    * que consume tiempo = time-consuming [time consuming].
    * que contengan los caracteres = hit by.
    * que contiene = therein.
    * que contiene muchas imágenes = image intensive.
    * que contribuye a la predisposición = predisposing.
    * que coocurre = co-occurring.
    * que corroe por dentro = gnawing.
    * que crea adicción = addictive.
    * que crea hábito = addictive.
    * que crece despacio = slowly growing.
    * que crece hacia dentro = ingrown.
    * que cruza fronteras = boundary spanning.
    * que cubre hasta la rodilla = knee deep.
    * que cubre hasta los tobillos = ankle deep.
    * que cubre todo el cuerpo = head to toe.
    * que cuelga = hanging.
    * que cumple los requisitos = qualifying.
    * que da agua = leaking, leaky [leakier -comp., leakiest -sup].
    * que da miedo = scary [scarier -comp., scariest -sup.].
    * que da que pensar = sobering.
    * que da susto = scary [scarier -comp., scariest -sup.].
    * que da vida = life-giving.
    * que deja mucho al azar = hit-or-miss.
    * ¿qué demonios...? = what on (this) earth...?.
    * ¿qué demonios...? = What the heck...?.
    * que demuestra desequilibrio de carácter = off-balance.
    * que depende del tiempo = time-dependent.
    * que desee(n) = of + Posesivo + choice, of + Posesivo + choosing.
    * que desempata = tie-breaking [tiebreaking].
    * ¿qué diablos...? = Heck!, What the heck...?.
    * que diferencia entre mayúscula y minúscula = case-sensitive.
    * que distingue entre mayúscula y minúscula = case-sensitive.
    * que distrae la atención = distracting.
    * que dura todo el año = year-round.
    * que el agua disuelve = water-fugitive.
    * ¿qué elegir? = which way to go?.
    * que encompasa = girdling.
    * que entran en juego = at play.
    * que era común anteriormente = once-common.
    * qué es cada cosa = what is what.
    * que escapan a + Posesivo + control = beyond + Posesivo + control.
    * que escuece = itchy [itchier -comp., itchiest -sup.].
    * que espera demasiado = over expectant.
    * que está creciendo = growing.
    * que está en constante evolución = ever-evolving.
    * que están apareciendo = emerging.
    * que estrope el paisaje = eyesore.
    * que exalta los ánimos = inflammatory.
    * que excede + Cantidad = in excess of + Cantidad.
    * que expresa dos puntos de vista opuestos = bipolar [bi-polar].
    * que falta = missing.
    * que faltan = wanting.
    * que florece en primavera = spring-flowering.
    * ¡qué follón! = what a palaver!.
    * que fomenta = conducive (to).
    * que forma parte de la cultura = culturally-embedded.
    * que fue = one-time.
    * que fue común antes = once-common.
    * que fuera = once.
    * que fuerza los músculos = muscle-straining.
    * que funciona = working.
    * que funciona a base de órdenes = command-driven.
    * que funciona con electricidad = electrically-powered, electrically-operated.
    * que funciona con energía eólica = wind-powered.
    * que funciona con monedas = coin-operated, coin-op.
    * que funciona con pilas = battery-operated, battery-powered.
    * que funciona con vapor = steam-powered.
    * que funciona manualmente = manually operated.
    * ¡que gane el mejor! = may the best man win!, may the best man win!.
    * que genera polémica = confrontational.
    * que gotea = leaky [leakier -comp., leakiest -sup], leaking.
    * que guarde relación con = in keeping with.
    * que habla bien = elocuted.
    * que habla en voz baja = quietly spoken.
    * que hace entrar en calor = warming, warming.
    * que hace época = epoch-making.
    * que hace historia = history-making.
    * que hace la boca agua = mouth-watering.
    * qué hacer con (algo) = disposition, disposition.
    * que hacer reflexionar = provocative of.
    * ¿Qué ha dicho? = I beg your pardon?.
    * que ha sobrevivido = surviving.
    * que hay que dar muchas vueltas = circuitous.
    * que hay que dedicarle mucho tiempo = time-intensive.
    * que hizo época = epochal.
    * que huele a lugar cerrado = fusty.
    * que incita a la reflexión = provocative of.
    * que induce a confusión = confounding.
    * que intervienen = at play.
    * que intimida = forbidding.
    * que invita a la reflexión = thought-provoking.
    * ¡qué jaleo! = what a palaver!.
    * ¡qué lástima! = what a pity!, what a pity!.
    * que le afecta a todo = crosscutting [cross cutting].
    * que le gusta arriesgarse = risk-taking.
    * que le gusta la mecánica = mechanically minded.
    * que le presta gran importancia a la cultura = culture-conscious.
    * que levanta el ánimo = uplifting.
    * que levanta el espíritu = uplifting.
    * ¡qué lío! = what a palaver!.
    * que llega = incoming.
    * que llega hasta la cintura = waist high, waist deep, waist length.
    * que llega hasta los hombres = shoulder-length.
    * que lleva tiempo en cartelera = long-running.
    * que lo abarca todo = all-embracing.
    * que lo hace uno mismo = do-it-yourself (DIY).
    * que lo incluye todo = all-embracing.
    * que marca época = landmark.
    * que marca un hito = epoch-making.
    * qué más = what else.
    * qué me dices de... = what about....
    * que mejora el estatus social = status-enhancing.
    * que mejora la calidad de vida = life-enhancing.
    * que merece la pena = worthwhile.
    * que mezcla sensaciones = synesthetic, cross-sensory.
    * que mira al sur = south facing.
    * que nace de = born out of.
    * ¿qué narices...? = What the heck...?.
    * que necesita bastante dedicación de personal = labour-intensive [labour intensive], staff-intensive [staff intensive].
    * que necesita bastante mano de obra = labour-intensive [labour intensive].
    * que necesita de un trabajo intelectual previo = knowledge-intensive.
    * que necesita la información = information-dependent.
    * que ni ama ni es amado = loveless.
    * que no absorbe el agua o la humedad = non-hygroscopic.
    * que no admite reserva = unreserved.
    * que no ajusta bien = ill-fitting.
    * que no aparece en primer lugar = nonfirst [non-first].
    * que no ayuda a distinguir = nondistinctive.
    * que no causa dolor = painless.
    * que no cierra bien = leaky [leakier -comp., leakiest -sup], leaking.
    * que no conduce a nada = circuitous.
    * que no cuadra = unreconciled.
    * que no da más de sí = overstretched.
    * que no daña el medio ambiente = environmentally friendly, environmentally sound, eco-friendly.
    * que no desaparece = lingering.
    * que no es de fiar = untrustworthy.
    * que no es de la India = non-Indic.
    * que no es libro de texto = non-textbook.
    * que no está en papel = non-paper [non paper].
    * que no es texto = non-text.
    * que no excluye otras posibilidades = non-exclusive.
    * que no fuma = non-smoking.
    * que no haya noticias es buena señal = no news is good news.
    * que no llama la atención = inconspicuous.
    * que no ofrece doctorado = non-doctoral granting.
    * que no perdona = unforgiving.
    * que no perjudica el medio ambiente = environmentally friendly, environmentally sound.
    * que no perjudica el medio ambiente = eco-friendly.
    * que no pertenece a una confesión religiosa concreta = nondenominational [non-denominational].
    * que no pertenece a un sindicato = non-unionised.
    * que no posee ninguna conexión = disjoint.
    * que no queda bien = ill-fitting.
    * que no recibe enseñanza formal = out-of-school.
    * que no representa reto = unchallenging.
    * que no sea(n) = other than.
    * que no se hace añicos = shatterproof.
    * que no se ha cuestionado = unquestioned, unscrutinised [unscrutinized, -USA].
    * que no se ha puesto en duda = unquestioned, unscrutinised [unscrutinized, -USA].
    * que no se le puede dar un nombre = unnameable.
    * que no se puede comparar = incomparable.
    * que no se puede conseguir = unobtainable.
    * que no se puede entregar = undeliverable.
    * que no se puede hacer cumplir = unenforceable.
    * que no se puede identificar con un término = unnameable.
    * que no se puede sacar en préstamo = non-circulating [noncirculating].
    * que no se puede uno perder = unmissable.
    * que no se rompe en mil pedazos = shatterproof.
    * que no se utiliza = unused.
    * que nos rodea = ambient.
    * que no tiene compensación = non-compensatory [noncompensatory].
    * que no tienen que rendir cuentas a nadie = unaccountable.
    * que no tiene precio = priceless.
    * que no tiene que ver con el tema debatido = off-topic.
    * que no viene a cuento = off-topic.
    * que obstruye = obstructive.
    * que ocupa la mejor posición = best-positioned.
    * que ocupa mucho espacio = space-consuming.
    * que ocupa poco espacio = space-saving.
    * que ocupa un puesto de mayor responsabilidad = senior.
    * ¿qué ocurre si... ? = what if... ?.
    * qué otra cosa = what else.
    * que padece de cólicos = colicky newborn.
    * que padece de peritonitis = peritonitic.
    * ¡qué palabras son esas! = watch your language!.
    * que parece dudoso = dubious-sounding.
    * que parece sospechoso = dubious-sounding.
    * que participan = at play.
    * ¿Qué pasa? = What's up?, What's up?.
    * que pasaba = passing.
    * que pasa de + Cantidad = in excess of + Cantidad.
    * que pasa desapercibido = inconspicuous, unobserved.
    * que pasa inadvertido = inconspicuous.
    * ¿qué pasará a continuación? = What's next?, What's next?, What next?, What next?.
    * que pase lo que tenga que pasar = que sera sera, whatever will be, will be, what's meant to be, will be.
    * que pela = piping hot, baking hot.
    * que perdura = lingering.
    * que permite desarrollar menús de consulta = menu-making.
    * que pica = itchy [itchier -comp., itchiest -sup.].
    * que pierde agua = leaking, leaky [leakier -comp., leakiest -sup].
    * que pincha = stubbly [stubblier -comp., stubbliest -sup.].
    * qué poco común = how odd.
    * que pone a Uno en su sitio = humbling.
    * que pone la vida en peligro = life threatening.
    * que pone obstáculos = obstructive.
    * que prefiere(n) = of + Posesivo + choosing, of + Posesivo + choice.
    * que procede del exterior = inbound.
    * que produce ansiedad = anxiety-producing.
    * que progresa rápidamente = fast-moving.
    * que + Pronombre + recordar = to the best of + Posesivo + recollection.
    * que puede causar detención = arrestable.
    * que puede demostrarse = demonstrably.
    * que puede salir en préstamo = loanable.
    * que puede ser apilado = stacking.
    * que puede ser usado a través de la web = web-compliant.
    * que puede volver a cerrarse herméticamente = resealable.
    * que queda = left-over [left over], surviving.
    * que queda mal = ill-fitting.
    * que quede entre nosotros = between you and me, between ourselves.
    * que quiere(n) = of + Posesivo + choosing, of + Posesivo + choice.
    * ¡qué raro! = how strange!.
    * que raya = jarring.
    * que rebota bien = bouncy [bouncier -comp., bounciest -sup.].
    * que reduce el estrés = stress-reducing.
    * que resulta irreconocible = out of all recognition.
    * que retiene el calor = heat absorbing.
    * que reúne las condiciones = qualified.
    * que rodea = surrounding.
    * ¡qué rollo macabeo! = what a palaver!.
    * que rompe la armonía = eyesore.
    * que sabe lo que = who knows what.
    * que sale de = off.
    * que se abrocha por atrás = back-buttoning.
    * que se acerca = oncoming.
    * que se acumula = accruable.
    * que se alaba a uno mismo = self-congratulatory.
    * que se alquila = rentable.
    * que se aproxima = oncoming.
    * que se atiene a una norma = compliant (with).
    * que se autoperpetúa = self-perpetuating.
    * que se avecina = oncoming.
    * que se carga por la boca = muzzle-loading.
    * que se coloca en lo alto del televisor = set-top.
    * que se compra = priced.
    * que se concede en función de las necesidades económicas = means-tested.
    * que se congratula a sí mismo = self-congratulating.
    * que se contradice a sí mismo = self-contradicting.
    * que se cuentan por millones = numbered in millions.
    * que se denomina a si mismo = self-proclaimed.
    * que se derrama = overflowing.
    * que se derrite en la boca = mellow [mellower -comp., mellowest -sup.].
    * que se desarrollan = at play.
    * que se descompone en migajas = crumby.
    * que se desmenuza fácilmente = crumbly [crumblier -comp., crumbliest -sup.].
    * que se desmigaja fácilmente = crumbly [crumblier -comp., crumbliest -sup.].
    * que se encuentra en la naturaleza = naturally-occurring.
    * que se enrolla = roll-up [rollup].
    * que se entrecruzan = intertwined.
    * que se está desarrollando = evolving.
    * que se está descascarillando = flaking.
    * que se está desintegrando = crumbling, disintegrating.
    * que se está examinando = under review.
    * que se está hundiendo = sinking.
    * que se está investigando = under investigation.
    * que se está pelando = flaking.
    * que se explica por sí mismo = self-explanatory [self explanatory/selfexplanatory].
    * que se expresa bien = articulate.
    * que se gestiona a sí mismo = self-managed.
    * que se guía por sí mismo = self-guiding.
    * que se inicie la contienda = let battle commence.
    * que se le puede dar un nombre = nameable.
    * que se lleva gestando hace tiempo = long-simmering.
    * (que se menciona) a continuación = below.
    * que se necesita urgentemente = sorely needed.
    * que se organiza a sí mismo = self-organising [self-organizing, -USA].
    * que se percibe desde hace mucho tiempo = long-felt.
    * que se piensa = perceived.
    * que se puede aplicar a rajatabla = hard and fast, ironclad [iron-clad].
    * que se puede arreglar = fixable.
    * que se puede buscar = searchable.
    * que se puede cambiar de tamaño = resizeable [re-sizeable].
    * que se puede clasificar = classifiable.
    * que se puede compartir = shareable.
    * que se puede conocer = knowable.
    * que se puede consultar = queriable.
    * que se puede contestar = answerable.
    * que se puede copiar = downloadable.
    * que se puede distribuir = redistributable.
    * que se puede enviar = deliverable.
    * que se puede escuchar = playable.
    * que se puede especificar = specifiable.
    * que se puede evitar = avoidable.
    * que se puede hacer cumplir = enforceable.
    * que se puede identicar con un término = nameable.
    * que se puede imprimir = printable.
    * que se puede lavar con lejía = bleachable.
    * que se puede obtener = obtainable.
    * que se puede quitar = detachable, removable.
    * que se puede reservar = bookable.
    * que se puede responder = answerable.
    * que se puede separar = detachable.
    * que se recuerde = in living memory.
    * que se repite = repetitious.
    * que se repite una y otra vez = recurring.
    * que se solapan = overlapping.
    * que se toma las cosas con calma = laid-back.
    * que se vende = priced.
    * que siempre va a la última moda = fashion-conscious.
    * que sienta precedente = landmark.
    * que sigue = ensuing.
    * que sigue la última moda = fashion-conscious.
    * que sigue una norma = compliant (with).
    * que siguió = ensuing.
    * ¿qué si no...? = what else but...?.
    * que sobrepasa + Cantidad = in excess of + Cantidad.
    * que sobresale = protruding.
    * que sólo se hace una vez = once-off.
    * que suena = ringing.
    * ¡Qué suerte! = What luck!, What luck!.
    * que supone = associated with.
    * que surge de = born out of.
    * qué te parece que... = what about....
    * que tiene el cenizo = jinxed.
    * que tiene el gafe = jinxed.
    * que tiene lugar una vez a la semana = once-weekly.
    * que tiene precio = priced.
    * que tiene sentido = meaningful.
    * que trabaja desde casa = home-based.
    * que trabajan para él = in its employ.
    * que transmite información = information-bearing.
    * que trata de = surrounding.
    * que tuvo lugar a continuación = ensuing.
    * que uno sigue a su propio ritmo = self-paced, self-guided.
    * que usa el estándar MIME = MIME-compliant.
    * que utiliza el tiempo como variable = time-dependent.
    * que utiliza muchos recursos = resource-intensive.
    * que vale la pena = worthwhile.
    * que van dirigidos hacia el exterior = outbound.
    * ¡qué verdad que es! = how true!.
    * que viene = incoming, next + Expresión Temporal.
    * que viene de largo = long-running.
    * que viene el lobo = crying wolf.
    * que vuela bajo = low-flying.
    * ¡que + Pronombre + zurcir! = be damned!.
    * quién sabe lo que = who knows what.
    * quién sabe qué = who knows what.
    * sin importar qué = no matter what/which.
    * sin saber qué decir = nonplussed [nonplused].
    * tal que = such that.
    * un no sé qué = a je ne sais quoi.
    * ¿Y ahora qué? = What's next?, What next?.
    * ya que = for, in that.
    * y Dios sabe qué más = and Heaven knows what else.
    * ¡y qué más da! = so what!.

    * * *
    que1
    ¿puede demostrar que estuvo allí? can you prove (that) you were there?
    creemos que ésta es la única solución viable we believe that this is the only viable solution, we believe this to be the only viable solution
    estoy seguro de que vendrá I'm sure she'll come
    ¿cuántos años crees que tiene? how old do you think she is?
    me preguntó que quién era yo he asked me who I was
    dice Javier que dónde está la tijera Javier wants to know where the scissors are, Javier says where are the scissors? ( colloq)
    lo raro que lo pronuncia the strange way he pronounces it
    que + SUBJ:
    quiero que vengas I want you to come
    lamento que no puedas quedarte I'm sorry (that) you can't stay
    dice que apagues la luz he says you're to turn the light off
    que yo sepa aún no han llegado as far as I know they still haven't arrived
    ve a que te ayude tu padre go and get your father to help you
    está claro que no te gusta it's obvious that you don't like it, you obviously don't like it
    eso de que estaba enfermo es mentira ( fam); this business about him being ill is a lie
    que + SUBJ:
    (el) que sea el jefe no significa … the fact that he's the boss doesn't mean …, just because he's the boss doesn't mean …
    lo más importante es que quede claro the most important thing is for it to be clear o is that it should be clear
    sería una pena que no pudieses venir it would be a pity if you couldn't come
    3
    es que: es que hoy no voy a poder the thing is o I'm afraid (that) I won't be able to today
    me gustaría ir, pero es que no tengo dinero I'd like to go, the trouble is I don't have any money
    pero ¿es que eres sordo? are you deaf or something?
    1
    (en expresiones de deseo, advertencia): ¡que te mejores! I hope you feel better soon
    ¡que se diviertan! have a good time!
    por mí que se muera he can drop dead for all I care
    y que no tenga que repetírtelo and I don't want to have to tell you again
    2
    (en expresiones de mandato): ¡que te calles! shut up! ( colloq)
    ¡que pase el siguiente! next please!
    3
    (en expresiones de concesión, permiso): si quiere, que se quede let him stay if he wants to, he can stay if he wants to
    4
    (en expresiones de sorpresa): ¿que se casa? she's getting married?
    ¿cómo que no vas a ir? what do you mean, you're not going?
    5
    (en expresiones de indignación): ¡que tengamos que aguantarle esto! to think we have to put up with this from him!
    1
    (reafirmando algo): ¡que no, que no voy! no, I tell you, I'm not going!, no! I'm not going!
    ¡que sueltes, te digo! I said, let go!
    2
    (respondiendo a una pregunta): ¿que dónde estaba? pues aquí, no me he movido de casa where was I? right here, I haven't left the house
    ¿que qué hago yo aquí? ¡pero si ésta es mi casa! what do you mean, what am I doing here? this is my house!
    3
    (indicando persistencia): estuvimos todo el día corre que te corre we spent the whole day rushing around
    D
    1
    (introduciendo una razón): escóndete, que te van a ver hide or they'll see you, hide, they'll see you
    ven, que te peino come here and let me comb your hair
    se parecen tanto que apenas los distingo they're so alike (that) I can hardly tell them apart
    canta que da gusto she sings beautifully
    está que da pena verlo he's in a sorry state
    E
    (en comparaciones): su casa es más grande que la mía his house is bigger than mine
    tengo la misma edad que tú I'm the same age as you
    quiera que no, deberá reconocerlo like it or not, he'll have to accept it, he'll have to accept it, whether he likes it o not
    yo que tú no lo haría I wouldn't do it if I were you
    G ( arc)
    (expresando contraste): justicia pido, que no favores I ask for justice, not for favors
    que2
    1 ( sujeto) who
    los que estén cansados, que esperen aquí those who are tired o anyone who's tired, wait here
    los niños, que estaban cansados, se quedaron the children, who were tired, stayed behind
    no conozco a nadie que tenga piscina I don't know anyone who has a swimming pool
    el hombre que está sentado en la arena the man (who's) sitting on the sand
    ésa es Cecilia, la que acaba de entrar that's Cecilia, the one who's just come in
    todo el que no esté de acuerdo, que lo diga anyone who disagrees should say so, if anyone disagrees, please say so
    aquí la que manda es mi madre my mother's the one who gives the orders here
    todas las chicas que entrevistamos all the girls (that o who) we interviewed, all the girls whom we interviewed ( frml)
    es el único al que no le han pagado he's the only one who hasn't been paid
    la sentaron al lado de Rodrigo, al que detestaba they sat her next to Rodrigo who o ( frml) whom she hated
    el paciente del que te hablé the patient (that o who) I spoke to you about
    B (refiriéndose a cosas, asuntos etc)
    1 ( sujeto) that, which
    la pieza que se rompió the part that o which broke
    eso es lo que me preocupa that's what worries me
    me contaron lo que pasó they told me what happened
    el disco que le regalé the record (which o that) I gave her
    tiene mucha flema, como buen inglés que es he's very phlegmatic, good Englishman that he is
    ¿sabes lo difícil que fue? do you know how hard it was?
    ver tb lo1 art B. (↑ lo (1)), que1 conj C. (↑ que (1))
    me dormí de tan cansada que estaba I was so tired (that) I fell asleep o I fell asleep, I was so tired
    la forma en que lo dijo the way (that o in which) she said it
    el día (en) que llegaron the day (that o on which) they arrived
    la época en (la) que ocurrió the period in which it took place, the period (that) it took place in
    * * *

     

    Multiple Entries:
    que    
    qué
    que conjunción
    1 ( oraciones subordinadas)
    a) that;


    estoy seguro de que vendrá I'm sure (that) she'll come;
    ¿cuántos años crees que tiene? how old do you think she is?;
    eso de que estaba enfermo es mentira (fam) this business about him being ill is a lie;
    quiero que vengas I want you to come;
    dice que no vayas she says you're not to go;
    es importante que quede claro it's important that it should be clear;
    sería una lástima que no vinieras it would be a shame if you didn't come
    b)

    es que: es que hoy no voy a poder I'm afraid (that) I won't be able to today;

    es que no tengo dinero the trouble is I don't have any money
    2

    ¡que te mejores! I hope you feel better soon;

    ¡que se diviertan! have a good time!;
    ver tb ir v aux 2

    ¡que te calles! shut up! (colloq);

    ¡que no! I said no!

    ¿que se casa? she's getting married?;

    ¿cómo que no vas a ir? what do you mean, you're not going?


    y aquí llueve que llueve and over here it just rains and rains
    3 ( introduciendo una consecuencia) that;

    4 ( en comparaciones):

    tengo la misma edad que tú I'm the same age as you
    5 (fam) ( en oraciones condicionales) if;

    ■ pronombre
    1 ( refiriéndose a personas)
    a) ( sujeto) who;


    es la que manda aquí she's the one who gives the orders here


    las chicas que entrevistamos the girls (that o who) we interviewed;
    el único al que no le han pagado the only one who hasn't been paid;
    la persona de la que te hablé the person (that o who) I spoke to you about
    2 (refiriéndose a cosas, asuntos, etc)
    a) ( sujeto) that, which;

    la pieza que se rompió the part that o which broke;

    eso es lo que me preocupa that's what worries me

    el disco que le regalé the record (which o that) I gave her;

    la casa en que vivo the house (that) I live in;
    ¿sabes lo difícil que fue? do you know how hard it was?;
    ver tb lo art 2 b
    qué pronombre
    1 ( interrogativo)
    a) what;

    ¿que es eso? what's that?;

    ¿y que? so what?;
    ¿de que habló? what did she talk about?;
    ¿sabes que? you know what o something?;
    no sé que hacer I don't know what to do

    ¿qué? what?

    c) ( en saludos):

    ¿que tal? how are you?;

    ¿que es de tu vida? how's life?
    2 ( en exclamaciones):
    ¡que va a ser abogado ese! him, a lawyer?;

    ver tb ir V 1
    ■ adjetivo
    1 ( interrogativo) what, which;
    ¿que color quieres? what o which color do you want?

    2 ( en exclamaciones) what;
    ¡que noche! what a night!

    ■ adverbio:
    ¡que lindo! how lovely!;

    ¡que inteligente eres! aren't you clever!;
    ¡que bien (que) se está aquí! it's so nice here!;
    ¡que bien! great!, good!
    que
    I pron rel
    1 (de persona) (como sujeto) who: la mujer que vendió el coche, the woman who sold the car
    (como objeto de relativo) who, frml whom: su esposa, a la que admiraba, era muy amable, his wife, whom I admired, was very kind
    la niña con la que juega, the girl (that o who o se omite) she plays with
    el hombre del que hablé, the man of whom I spoke
    2 (de cosa) (como sujeto) that, which
    lo que, what: esto es lo que ocurrió, this is what happened
    la casa que se incendió, the house (which o that) was burned down
    (como complemento) el reloj que compró, the watch (which o that) he bought
    la casa en la que vive ahora, the house where he lives now
    II conj
    1 (introducción de sujeto o complemento) (se omite o that) creo que va a llover, I think (that) it's going to rain
    2 (expresión de deseo, mandato, etc) (se omite) que tengas un buen día, have a nice day
    3 (consecución) (se omite o that) hacía tanto frío que me quedé en casa, it was so cold (that) I stayed at home
    4 (comparación) than: su coche es mejor que el mío, his car is better than mine
    5 (condicional) yo que tú iría, if I were you, I would go
    6 (uso enfático) que sí, que iré al cine contigo, of course I'll go to the cinema with you
    qué
    I adjetivo
    1 (pron interrogativo) what, which: ¿qué has comprado?, what have you bought?
    ¿qué color prefieres?, which colour do you prefer?
    2 (pron excl) what, how: ¡qué de gente!, what a lot of people!
    ¡qué suerte tienes! how lucky you are!
    ¡qué vergüenza!, what a disgrace!
    II adv excl so: ¡qué buenas que son!, they are so good!

    ' que' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    A
    - abalanzarse
    - abandonar
    - abarcar
    - abaratarse
    - ablandar
    - abonarse
    - abrir
    - abreviar
    - abrirse
    - absoluta
    - absolutamente
    - absoluto
    - abundar
    - aburrida
    - aburrido
    - aburrimiento
    - acabar
    - acabose
    - acaparador
    - acaparadora
    - acariciar
    - acarrear
    - acercarse
    - acholada
    - acholado
    - achuchar
    - aclimatarse
    - acompañar
    - acopio
    - actuación
    - actual
    - actualizar
    - acuerdo
    - adelante
    - adelgazar
    - adentro
    - adicta
    - adicto
    - adivinar
    - administración
    - admitir
    - adorno
    - advertir
    - aferrarse
    - afín
    - aflojar
    - agradar
    - agrado
    - aguatera
    English:
    A
    - aback
    - ablaze
    - abortion
    - about
    - absent
    - accept
    - acceptable
    - accordance
    - account
    - account for
    - accountable
    - accustom
    - acknowledge
    - action
    - actual
    - actually
    - ad-lib
    - adapt
    - add on
    - address
    - adjust
    - admit
    - admittedly
    - advise
    - affirmative
    - afraid
    - afresh
    - after
    - agenda
    - agree
    - ahead
    - aid
    - alive
    - all
    - allege
    - allow
    - allow for
    - allowance
    - alone
    - aloud
    - alphabetically
    - already
    - also
    - alter
    - alternative
    - ambit
    - amenities
    - amicable
    - amiss
    * * *
    pron relativo
    1. (sujeto) [persona] who, that;
    [cosa] that, which;
    la mujer que me saluda the woman (who o that is) waving to me;
    el que me lo compró the one o person who bought it from me;
    el hombre, que decía llamarse Simón, era bastante sospechoso the man, who said he was called Simón, seemed rather suspicious;
    ¿hay alguien que tenga un encendedor? does anyone have a lighter?;
    la moto que me gusta the motorbike (that) I like;
    hace natación, que es muy sano she swims, which is very good for your health;
    la salsa fue lo que más me gustó the sauce was the bit I liked best;
    el que más y el que menos every last one of us/them, all of us/them without exception
    2. (complemento directo) (se puede omitir en inglés) [persona] who, Formal whom;
    [cosa] that, which;
    el hombre que conociste ayer the man (who o whom) you met yesterday;
    la persona/el lugar que estás buscando the person/the place you're looking for;
    eres de los pocos a los que invitaron you're one of the few people (who) they invited;
    esa casa es la que o [m5] esa es la casa que me quiero comprar that house is the one (that) I want to buy, that's the house (that) I want to buy;
    eso es todo lo que sé that's all o everything I know
    3. (complemento indirecto) (se puede omitir en inglés)
    al que, a la que, a los/las que (to) who, Formal (to) whom;
    ese es el chico al que presté dinero that's the boy (who) I lent some money to, that's the boy (to) whom I lent some money
    4. (complemento circunstancial)
    la playa a la que fui the beach where I went, the beach I went to;
    la mujer con/de la que hablas the woman (who) you are talking to/about;
    la mesa en la que escribes the table on which you are writing, the table you are writing on;
    la manera o [m5] forma en que lo dijo the way (in which) she said it;
    (en) que [indicando tiempo] when;
    el día (en) que me fui the day (when) I left;
    el año (en) que nos conocimos the year (when) we first met
    5. [en frases]
    en lo que tú te arreglas, yo recojo la cocina I'll tidy the kitchen up while you're getting ready
    conj
    1. (con oraciones de sujeto) that;
    es importante que me escuches it's important that you listen to me, it's important for you to listen to me;
    que haya pérdidas no significa que vaya a haber despidos the fact that we've suffered losses doesn't mean anyone is going to lose their job;
    sería mejor que no se lo dijeras it would be better if you didn't tell her;
    se suponía que era un secreto it was supposed to be a secret
    2. (con oraciones de complemento directo) that;
    me ha confesado que me quiere he has told me that he loves me;
    creo que no iré I don't think (that) I'll go;
    procura que no se te escape el perro try and make sure (that) the dog doesn't get away from you;
    intentamos que todos estén contentos we try to keep everybody happy;
    me dijeron que me quedara en casa they told me to stay at home;
    me dijeron que dónde iba they asked me where I was going
    3. (después de preposición)
    estoy convencido de que es cierto I'm convinced (that) it's true;
    con que esté listo el jueves es suficiente as long as it's ready by Thursday, that'll be fine;
    estoy en contra de que siga en el cargo I'm opposed to him continuing in his job;
    sin que nadie se entere without anyone realizing;
    el hecho de que… the fact that…
    4. (comparativo) than;
    es más rápido que tú he's quicker than you;
    alcanza la misma velocidad que un tren convencional it can go as fast as a conventional train;
    trabaja el doble de horas que yo she works twice as many hours as me;
    antes morir que vivir la guerra otra vez I'd rather die than live through the war again
    5. [indica causa, motivo]
    hemos de esperar, que todavía no es la hora we'll have to wait, (as) it isn't time yet;
    no quiero café, que luego no duermo I won't have any coffee, it stops me from sleeping;
    baja la voz, que nos van a oír lower your voice or they'll hear us;
    el dólar ha subido, que lo oí en la radio the dollar has gone up, I heard it on the radio
    6. [indica consecuencia] that;
    tanto me lo pidió que se lo di he asked me for it so insistently that I gave it to him;
    ¡esta habitación huele que apesta! this room stinks!;
    mira si es grande que no cabe por la puerta it's so big it won't go through the door
    7. [indica finalidad] so (that);
    ven aquí que te vea come over here so (that) I can see you
    8. [indica deseo, mandato] that;
    espero que te diviertas I hope (that) you have fun;
    ¡que te diviertas! have fun!;
    quiero que lo hagas I want you to do it;
    Fam
    ¡que se vaya a la porra! she can go to hell!;
    por favor, que nadie se mueva de aquí please don't anybody go away from here;
    ¡que llamen a un médico! get them to call a doctor!
    9. [para reiterar, hacer hincapié]
    ¡que te doy un bofetón! do that again and I'll slap you!;
    ¿no vas a venir? – ¡que sí! aren't you coming? – of course I am!;
    ¿pero de verdad no quieres venir? – ¡que no! but do you really not want to come? – definitely not!;
    ¡que me dejes! just leave me alone!;
    ¡que pases te digo! but do come in, please!
    10. [para expresar contrariedad, enfado]
    ¡que tenga una que hacer estas cosas a sus años! that she should have to do such things at her age!
    11. (en oraciones interrogativas) [para expresar reacción a lo dicho]
    ¿que quiere venir? pues que venga so she wants to come? then let her;
    ¿que te han despedido? [con tono de incredulidad] you're telling me they've sacked you?;
    ¿cómo que dónde está? ¡donde siempre! what do you mean where is it? it's where it always is!
    12. [para explicar]
    es que… the thing is (that)…, it's just (that)…;
    es que yo ya tengo perro the thing is (that) o it's just (that) I already have a dog;
    ¿es que te da vergüenza? are you embarrassed (or what)?, is it that you're embarrassed?
    13. [indica hipótesis] if;
    que no quieres hacerlo, pues no pasa nada it doesn't matter if you don't want to do it;
    ¿que llueve? nos quedamos en casa if it rains, we'll just stay at home;
    ¿tú que él qué harías? what would you do if you were him o (if you were) in his shoes?
    14. [indica disyunción] or;
    quieras que no, harás lo que yo mando you'll do what I tell you, whether you like it or not;
    han tenido algún problema que otro they've had the odd problem
    15. [indica reiteración]
    estuvieron charla que te charla toda la mañana they were chatting o esp Br nattering away all morning;
    se pasó el día llora que te llora she cried and cried all day, she didn't stop crying all day
    * * *
    I pron rel sujeto: persona who, that; cosa which, that; complemento: persona that, whom fml ; cosa that, which;
    el coche que ves the car you can see, the car that o which you can see;
    el que the one that;
    la que the one that;
    lo que what
    II conj that;
    lo mismo que tú the same as you;
    ¡que entre! tell him to come in;
    ¡que descanses! sleep well;
    ¡que sí! I said yes;
    ¡que no! I said no;
    es que … the thing is …;
    yo que tú if I were you;
    ¡que no se repita! make sure it doesn’t happen again!;
    ¡que me pase esto a mí! I can’t believe this is happening to me!;
    eso sí que no definitely not!;
    * * *
    qué adv
    : how, what
    ¡qué bonito!: how pretty!
    qué adj
    : what, which
    ¿qué hora es?: what time is it?
    qué pron
    : what
    ¿qué quieres?: what do you want?
    que conj
    1) : that
    dice que está listo: he says that he's ready
    espero que lo haga: I hope that he does it
    2) : than
    más que nada: more than anything
    ¡que entre!: send him in!
    ¡que te vaya bien!: I wish you well!
    ¡cuidado, que te caes!: be careful, you're about to fall!
    no provoques al perro, que te va a morder: don't provoke the dog or (else) he'll bite
    5)
    es que : the thing is that, I'm afraid that
    6)
    yo que tú : if I were you
    que pron
    1) : who, that
    la niña que viene: the girl who is coming
    2) : whom, that
    los alumnos que enseñé: the students that I taught
    3) : that, which
    el carro que me gusta: the car that I like
    4)
    el (la, lo, las, los) que el, la, lo, los
    * * *
    que1 conj
    En las exclamaciones y algunas otras construcciones, que no se traduce
    ¡que lo pases bien! enjoy yourself! / have a good time!
    ahora no voy, que es demasiado tarde I'm not going now, it's too late
    dame la chaqueta, que te la cuelgue give me your jacket, I'll hang it up for you
    ¿a que...? I bet...
    ¿a que no sabes a quién vi ayer? I bet you don't know who I saw yesterday
    que2 pron
    el ganador, que tiene 25 años, es periodista the winner, who is 25, is a journalist who puede omitirse cuando va seguido del sujeto de un verbo
    la casa, que estaba vacía, se quemó the house, which was empty, burnt down which puede omitirse cuando va seguido del sujeto de un verbo

    Spanish-English dictionary > que

  • 14 konstrukto|r

    m konstrukto|r, konstruktorka f designer, design a. construction engineer
    - konstruktor mostów/okrętów/samolotów a bridge/a ship/an airplane designer
    - zespół konstruktorów a design team

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > konstrukto|r

  • 15 Fox, Uffa

    SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping
    [br]
    b. 15 January 1898 Cowes, Isle of Wight, England
    d. 27 October 1972 Isle of Wight (?), England
    [br]
    English yacht designer.
    [br]
    Coming from a family that had originated in East Anglia, his first name was that of an early British king and was to typify his unusual and refreshing zest for life. Fox commenced his professional career as an apprentice with the flying boat and high-speed craft builders Messrs S.E.Saunders, and shortly after the outbreak of the First World War he was conscripted into the Royal Naval Air Service. In 1920 he made his first transatlantic crossing under sail, a much greater adventure then than now, and returned to the United Kingdom as deck-hand on a ship bound for Liverpool. He was to make the crossing under sail twice more. Shortly after his marriage in 1925, he purchased the old Floating Bridge at Cowes and converted it to living accommodation, workshops and drawing offices. By the 1930s his life's work was in full swing, with designs coming off his drawing board for some of the most outstanding mass-produced craft ever built, as well as for some remarkable one-off yachts. His experimentation with every kind of sailing craft, and even with the Eskimo kayak, gave him the knowledge and experience that made his name known worldwide. During the Second World War he designed and produced the world's first airborne parachuted lifeboat. Despite what could be described as a robust lifestyle, coupled with interests in music, art and horseriding, Fox continued to produce great designs and in the late 1940s he introduced the Firefly, followed by the beautiful Flying Fifteen class of racing keel boats. One of his most unusual vessels was Britannia, the 24 ft (7.3 m) waterline craft that John Fairfax was to row across the Atlantic. Later came Britannia II, which Fairfax took across the Pacific!
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    CBE 1959. Royal Designer to Industry (RDI).
    Bibliography
    Fox produced a series of yachting books, most first published in the late 1930s, and some more lighthearted volumes of reminiscences in the 1960s. Some of the best-known titles are: Sail and Power, Racing and Cruising Design, Uffa Fox's Second Book and The Crest of the Wave.
    Further Reading
    J.Dixon, 1978, Uffa Fox. A Personal Biography, Brighton: Angus \& Robertson.
    FMW

    Biographical history of technology > Fox, Uffa

  • 16 Howden, James

    [br]
    b. 29 February 1832 Prestonpans, East Lothian, Scotland
    d. 21 November 1913 Glasgow, Scotland
    [br]
    Scottish engineer and boilermaker, inventor of the forced-draught system for the boiler combustion chamber.
    [br]
    Howden was educated in Prestonpans. While aged only 14 or 15, he travelled across Scotland by canal to Glasgow, where he served an engineering apprenticeship with James Gray \& Co. In 1853 he completed his time and for some months served with the civil engineers Bell and Miller, and then with Robert Griffiths, a designer of screw propellers for ships. In 1854, at the age of 22, Howden set up as a consulting engineer and designer. He designed a rivet-making machine from which he realized a fair sum by the sale of patent rights, this assisting him in converting the design business into a manufacturing one. His first contract for a marine engine came in 1859 for the compound steam engine and the watertube boilers of the Anchor Liner Ailsa Craig. This ship operated at 100 psi (approximately 7 kg/cm2), well above the norm for those days. James Howden \& Co. was formed in 1862. Despite operating in the world's most competitive market, the new company remained prosperous through the flow of inventions in marine propulsion. Shipbuilding was added to the company's list of services, but such work was subcontracted. Work was obtained from all the great shipping companies building in the Glasgow region, and with such throughput Howden's could afford research and experimentation. This led to the Howden hot-air forced-draught system, whereby furnace waste gases were used to heat the air being drawn into the combustion chambers. The first installation was on the New York City, built in 1885 for West Indian service. Howden's fertile mind brought about a fully enclosed high-speed marine steam engine in the 1900s and, shortly after, the Howden-Zoelly impulse steam turbine for land operation. Until his death, Howden worked on many technical and business problems: he was involved in the St Helena Whaling Company, marble quarrying in Greece and in the design of a recoilless gun for the Admiralty.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Howden was the last surviving member of the group who founded the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland in 1857.
    Bibliography
    Howden contributed several papers to the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland.
    Further Reading
    C.W.Munn, 1986, "James Howden", Dictionary of Scottish Business Biography, Vol. I, Aberdeen.
    FMW

    Biographical history of technology > Howden, James

  • 17 McNeill, Sir James McFadyen

    SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping
    [br]
    b. 19 August 1892 Clydebank, Scotland
    d. 24 July 1964 near Glasgow, Scotland
    [br]
    Scottish naval architect, designer of the Cunard North Atlantic Liners Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth.
    [br]
    McNeill was born in Clydebank just outside Glasgow, and was to serve that town for most of his life. After education at Clydebank High School and then at Allan Glen's in Glasgow, in 1908 he entered the shipyard of John Brown \& Co. Ltd as an apprentice. He was encouraged to matriculate at the University of Glasgow, where he studied naval architecture under the (then) unique Glasgow system of "sandwich" training, alternately spending six months in the shipyard, followed by winter at the Faculty of Engineering. On graduating in 1915, he joined the Army and by 1918 had risen to the rank of Major in the Royal Field Artillery.
    After the First World War, McNeill returned to the shipyard and in 1928 was appointed Chief Naval Architect. In 1934 he was made a local director of the company. During the difficult period of the 1930s he was in charge of the technical work which led to the design, launching and successful completion of the great liners Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth. Some of the most remarkable ships of the mid-twentieth century were to come from this shipyard, including the last British battleship, HMS Vanguard, and the Royal Yacht Britannia, completed in 1954. From 1948 until 1959, Sir James was Managing Director of the Clydebank part of the company and was Deputy Chairman by the time he retired in 1962. His public service was remarkable and included chairmanship of the Shipbuilding Conference and of the British Ship Research Association, and membership of the Committee of Lloyd's Register of Shipping.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order 1954. CBE 1950. FRS 1948. President, Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland 1947–9. Honorary Vice-President, Royal Institution of Naval Architects. Military Cross (First World War).
    Bibliography
    1935, "Launch of the quadruple-screw turbine steamer Queen Mary", Transactions of the Institution of Naval Architects 77:1–27 (in this classic paper McNeill displays complete mastery of a difficult subject; it is recorded that prior to launch the estimate for travel of the ship in the River Clyde was 1,194 ft (363.9 m), and the actual amount recorded was 1,196 ft (364.5m)!).
    FMW

    Biographical history of technology > McNeill, Sir James McFadyen

  • 18 Ramus, Revd C.M.

    SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping
    [br]
    fl. 1870s Sussex, England
    [br]
    English pioneer designer of hydroplanes.
    [br]
    While Rector of Playden, near Rye in Sussex, in 1870 the Reverend C.M.Ramus designed the first hydroplane form seen in the United Kingdom. It is understood that he produced a reasonably flat-bottomed model that was just under 1 m (3 ft 3 in.) in length but had one step.
    The idea was submitted to the Admiralty and tested by William Froude at the Ship Model Testing Tank at Torquay. While the results were significant at the time, it was some years before this hull form became advanced enough to be used commercially.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1878, The Polyspenic Ship and Speed at Sea.
    Further Reading
    P.Du Cane, 1951, High Speed Small Craft, London: Temple Press.
    D.Phillips-Birt, 1957, The Naval Architecture of Small Craft, London: Hutchinson.
    FMW

    Biographical history of technology > Ramus, Revd C.M.

  • 19 Russell, John Scott

    SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping
    [br]
    b. 9 May 1808 Parkhead, near Glasgow, Scotland
    d. 8 June 1882 Isle of Wight, England
    [br]
    Scottish engineer, naval architect and academic.
    [br]
    A son of the manse, Russell was originally destined for the Church and commenced studies at the University of St Andrews, but shortly afterwards he transferred to Glasgow, graduating MA in 1825 when only 17 years old. He began work as a teacher in Edinburgh, working up from a school to the Mechanics Institute and then in 1832 to the University, where he took over the classes in natural philosophy following the death of the professor. During this period he designed and advised on the application of steam power to road transport and to the Forth and Clyde Canal, thereby awakening his interest in ships and naval architecture.
    Russell presented papers to the British Association over several years, and one of them, The Wave Line Theory of Ship Form (although now superseded), had great influence on ship designers of the time and helped to establish the formal study of hydromechanics. With a name that was becoming well known, Russell looked around for better opportunities, and on narrowly missing appointment to the Chair of Mathematics at Edinburgh University he joined the upand-coming Clyde shipyard of Caird \& Co., Greenock, as Manager in 1838.
    Around 1844 Russell and his family moved to London; following some business problems he was in straitened circumstances. However, appointment as Secretary to the Committee setting up the Great Exhibition of 1851 eased his path into London's intellectual society and allowed him to take on tasks such as, in 1847, the purchase of Fairbairn's shipyard on the Isle of Dogs and the subsequent building there of I.K. Brunel's Great Eastern steamship. This unhappy undertaking was a millstone around the necks of Brunel and Russell and broke the health of the former. With the yard failing to secure the order for HMS Warrior, the Royal Navy's first ironclad, Russell pulled out of shipbuilding and for the remainder of his life was a designer, consultant and at times controversial, but at all times polished and urbane, member of many important committees and societies. He is remembered as one of the founders of the Institution of Naval Architects in 1860. His last task was to design a Swiss Lake steamer for Messrs Escher Wyss, a company that coincidentally had previously retained Sir William Fairbairn.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    FRS 1847.
    Bibliography
    John Scott Russell published many papers under the imprint of the British Association, the Royal Society of Arts and the Institution of Naval Architects. His most impressive work was the mammoth three-volume work on shipbuilding published in London in 1865 entitled The Modern System of Naval Architecture. Full details and plans of the Great Eastern are included.
    Further Reading
    G.S.Emmerson, 1977, John Scott Russell, a Great Victorian Engineer and Naval Architect, London: Murray
    FMW

    Biographical history of technology > Russell, John Scott

  • 20 Les points cardinaux

    nord north N
    sud south S
    est east E
    ouest west W
    Noter que la liste des quatre points cardinaux est traditionnellement donnée dans cet ordre dans les deux langues.
    nord-est northeast NE
    nord-ouest northwest NW
    nord-nord-est north northeast NNE
    est-nord-est east northeast ENE
    etc.
    Dans les expressions suivantes, nord est pris comme exemple; les autres noms de points cardinaux s’utilisent de la même façon.
    Où?
    vivre dans le Nord
    = to live in the North
    dans le nord de l’Écosse
    = in the north of Scotland
    au nord du village
    = north of the village ou to the north of the village
    à 7 km au nord
    = 7 kilometres north ou 7 kilometres to the north
    droit au nord
    = due north
    la côte nord
    = the north coast
    la face nord (d’une montagne)
    = the north face
    le mur nord
    = the north wall
    la porte nord
    = the north door
    passer au nord d’Oxford
    = to go north of Oxford
    Les mots en - ern et - erner
    Les mots anglais en -ern et -erner sont plus courants que les adjectifs français septentrional, occidental, oriental et méridional.
    une ville du Nord
    = a northern town
    l’accent du Nord
    = a northern accent
    le dialecte du Nord
    = the northern dialect
    l’avant-poste le plus au nord
    = the most northerly outpost ou the northernmost outpost
    quelqu’un qui habite dans le Nord
    = a northerner
    un homme du Nord
    = a northerner
    les gens du Nord
    = northerners
    Les adjectifs en -ern sont normalement utilisés pour désigner des régions à l’intérieur d’un pays ou d’un continent (⇒ Les régions).
    le nord de l’Europe
    = northern Europe
    l’est de la France
    = eastern France
    le sud de la Roumanie
    = southern Romania
    le nord d’Israël
    = northern Israel
    Mais noter:
    l’Asie du Sud-Est
    = South-East Asia
    Pour les noms de pays qui utilisent les points cardinaux (Corée du Nord, Yémen du Sud), se reporter au dictionnaire.
    Dans quelle direction?
    Noter les adverbes en -ward ou -wards ( GB) et les adjectifs en -ward, utilisés pour indiquer une direction vague.
    aller vers le nord
    = to go north ou to go northward ou to go in a northerly direction
    naviguer vers le nord
    = to sail north ou to sail northward
    venir du nord
    = to come from the north
    un mouvement vers le nord
    = a northward mouvement
    Pour décrire le déplacement d’un objet, on peut utiliser un composé avec -bound.
    un bateau qui se dirige vers le nord
    = a northbound ship
    les véhicules qui se dirigent vers le nord
    = northbound traffic
    Noter aussi:
    les véhicules qui viennent du nord
    = traffic coming from the north
    des fenêtres qui donnent au nord
    = north-facing windows ou windows facing north
    une pente orientée au nord
    = a north-facing slope
    nord quart nord-est
    = north by northeast
    Noter ces expressions servant à donner la direction des vents:
    le vent du nord
    = the north wind
    un vent de nord
    = a northerly wind ou a northerly
    des vents dominants de nord
    = prevailing north winds
    le vent est au nord
    = the wind is northerly ou the wind is in the north
    le vent vient du nord
    = the wind is blowing from the north

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > Les points cardinaux

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