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sheep

  • 121 ποιμήν

    ποιμήν, - ένος
    Grammatical information: m.
    Meaning: `herdsman, shepherd', metaph. `guardian, leader, master' (Il.).
    Dialectal forms: Myc. pome \/poimḗn\/.
    Compounds: Some compp., e.g. ποιμ-άνωρ = ποιμην ἀνδρῶν with ποιμανόρ-ιον n. `herd, troop of men' (A. Pers. 241 a. 74;); on the explanation Sommer Nominalbild. 182 f.; φιτυ-ποίμην `guardian of plants' (A. Eu. 911).
    Derivatives: ποιμέν-ιος (AP, APl), earlier a. more often attested - ικός (Pl., hell. poet.) `belonging to herdsmen'; - ισσα f. `shepherdess' (pap. IIIa); ποίμν-η f. `herd, flock of sheep' (ι 122) with - ιον n. `id.' (IA.; - ένιον Opp.), - ιος `belonging to herds' (E.), -ήϊος (Β 470, Hes.; Risch $ 46), - ικός (pap. IIIp), - ίτης (E., Poll.), - ιώτης (sch.) `id.'; - ηθεν adv. `of the herd' (A. R.). Denom. verb ποιμαίνω, rarely w. δια-, συν-, `to be a herdsman, to herd, to pasture', midd. `to graze', of the herd (Il.) with ποιμαν-τήρ = ποιμήν (S.), - τικός = ποιμενικός (Gal., H.), ποιμασία f. `the grazing' (Ph.). -- Besides πῶυ, - εος n. `flock of sheep' (ep.Il.).
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] [839, and 787] * peh₂-(i-) `protect'
    Etymology: With ποιμήν agrees except fo the ablaut of the suffix in the nom. (IE ē: ō) Lith. piemuõ, gen. -meñs `herderboy' (on the undisputed stemvowel s. Fraenkel Wb. s. v.). Beside the neuter πῶυ (*poh₂-i̯u) stands as nomen ag. Skt. pāyú-, Av. pāyu- m. `herder, protector'. As basis of these primary fomations served a verb `tend (cattle), keep' in Skt. pā́-ti `keep, protect', from where go-pā́- m. `cowherd' a.o. From the 2. members in nr̥-pā́y-(i)ya- `protecting men', nŕ̥-pī-ti- f. `protection of men' we see an orig. `longdiphthong' pōi: pī (rather * peh₂i-, pih₂- \< ph₂i-), which is retained in πῶυ, pāyú- from *poh₂i̯-u-, wih ποιμήν from *poh₂i-mēn. -- WP. 2, 72 w. lit., Pok. 839, Mayrhofer s. pā́ti1; also W.-Hofmann s. pāscō. -- Cf. 1. πῶμα.
    Page in Frisk: 2,573

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ποιμήν

  • 122 θύρα

    θύρα, ας, ἡ (Hom.+) ‘door’. As is oft. the case in earlier lit. (e.g. Il. and Od. passim), the pl. can be used of one door (Phlegon: 257 Fgm. 36, 1, 3 Jac.; Philo, Ebr. 49; cp. Jos., C. Ap. 2, 119.—B-D-F §141, 4; Rob. 408).
    ① door
    ⓐ of habitable quarters ἀνοίγειν open the door (LXX; JosAs 10:9; Jos., Vi. 246) Ac 5:19; B 16:9. Pass. Ac 16:26f (Achilles Tat. 7, 13, 1 Λευκίππη τὰς θύρας ἀνεῳγμένας ὁρῶσα). (ἀπο)κλείειν shut Mt 6:6; Lk 13:25a. Pass (LXX; JosAs 10:6; 14:5; Jos., Ant. 18, 74) Mt 25:10; Lk 11:7; J 20:19, 26; Ac 21:30; κρούειν τὴν θ. knock at the door 12:13; Lk 13:25b; also πρὸς τὴν θ. GJs 12:2; ἔδραμεν πρὸς τήν θ. ibid. διὰ τῆς θ. J 10:1f. ἐπὶ τ. θυρῶν before the door(s) Ac 5:23. Also ἐπὶ θύραις (LXX; Aesop, Fab. 466 P.; Jos., Ant. 17, 90. Also with art.: Clearchus, Fgm. 24 p. 17, 21; Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 93 §385) 1 Cl 39:9 (Job 5:4); ἐπὶ τῇ θ. Ac 5:9. πρὸ τῆς θύρας 12:6 (schol. on Nicander, Ther. 860 πρὸ τ. θυρῶν); so also JosAs 5:1. πρὸς (τὴν) θ. at the door (Hegesippus Com. [III B.C.] 1, 24 K.) Mk 1:33; 11:4; τὰ πρὸς τὴν θ. the place near the door 2:2 (TestAbr A 6 p. 83, 6 [Stone p. 14]). πρὸς τῇ θ. ἔξω outside the door J 18:16 (cp. Lucian, Herm. 7, 7 ὁ παρὰ τὴν θύραν ἔξω ἑστώς).—θ. τοῦ πύργου Hv 3, 9, 6.—On the θύρα ὡραία Ac 3:2 s. ὡραῖος 2.—1 Cl 43:3 v.l.
    ⓑ fig. (Maximus Tyr. 19, 5d ὁ ἔρως ἔστη ἐπὶ θύραις τ. ψυχῆς; Iambl., Myst. 10, 5 [Herm. Wr. IV p. 39, 5ff Sc.] ἡ ἱερατικὴ δόσις καλεῖται ‘θύρα πρὸς θεόν’).
    α. ἐγγύς ἐστιν ἐπὶ θύραις he is near, at your very door (cp. X., An. 6, 5, 23; Just., D 32, 3) Mt 24:33; Mk 13:29. Also πρὸ τῶν θυρῶν ἕστηκεν Js 5:9; cp. also Ac 5:9. ἕστηκα ἐπὶ τ. θύραν καὶ κρούω Rv 3:20a; s. also vs. 20b.
    β. of the door to the kgdm. of heaven: εἰσελθεῖν διὰ τῆς στενῆς θύρας come in through the narrow door Lk 13:24. Perh. the same door is meant in δέδωκα ἐνώπιόν σου θύραν ἠνεῳγμένην Rv 3:8. But here sense
    γ. is also prob., acc. to which the opening of the door represents something made possible or feasible: θύρα μοι ἀνέῳγεν μεγάλη 1 Cor 16:9 (HNie, Vox Theologica 10, ’40, 185–92); cp. 2 Cor 2:12; Col 4:3. Sim. ὁ θεὸς … ἤνοιξεν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν θύραν πίστεως Ac 14:27 (πίστις 2dα).
    ② a passage for entering a structure, entrance, doorway, gate
    ⓐ of the door-like opening of a cave-tomb (cp. Od. 9, 243; SEG VIII, 200, 3 [I A.D., Jerus.]) ἡ θ. τοῦ μνημείου Mt 27:60; Mk 15:46; 16:3. θ. τοῦ μνήματος GPt 8:32; cp. 9:37; 12:53f.—The firm vault of heaven has a ‘door’ (cp. Ps 77:23), which opens to admit favored ones Rv 4:1 (difft., GRinaldi, CBQ 25, ’63, 336–47).
    ⓑ In John Jesus calls himself ἡ θύρα J 10:9, thus portraying himself as an opening that permits passage: the gate for the sheep; ἡ θύρα (ὁ ποιμήν P75 et al.) τῶν προβάτων vs. 7, however, has the sense which is prominent in the context, the gate to the sheep (s. Hdb. ad loc.; EFascher, Ich bin d. Thür! Deutsche Theologie ’42, 34–57; 118–33).—Jesus as the θύρα τοῦ πατρός the door to the Father IPhld 9:1.—B. 466. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > θύρα

  • 123 ποιμαίνω

    ποιμαίνω (ποιμήν) fut. ποιμανῶ; 1 aor. ἐποίμανα Ps 77:72, impv. 2 pl. ποιμάνατε 1 Pt 5:2; fut. pass. 2 sg. ποιμανθήσῃ Ps 36:3 (Hom.+) ‘to herd, act as a shepherd’.
    ① to serve as tender of sheep, herd, tend, (lead to) pasture (Did., Gen. 60, 12), w. acc. (Jos., Ant. 2, 264) π. ποίμνην tend a flock 1 Cor 9:7. Abs. (Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 13 Jac.; Jos., Ant. 1, 309) δοῦλος ποιμαίνων a slave tending sheep Lk 17:7.—Dalman (as cited under ἀμφιβάλλω).
    ② to watch out for other people, to shepherd, of activity that protects, rules, governs, fosters, fig. ext. of 1:
    ⓐ in the sense of lead, guide, or rule (Eur., Fgm. 744 TGF στρατόν; Ps.-Lucian, Amor. 54 τ. ἀμαθεῖς).
    α. w. imagistic detail prominently in mind: of the direction of a congregation ποιμαίνειν τὸ ποίμνιον τοῦ θεοῦ tend God’s flock 1 Pt 5:2 (PsSol 17:40 ποιμαίνων τὸ ποίμνιον κυρίου ἐν πίστει κ. δικαιοσύνῃ). ποίμαινε τὰ πρόβατά μου J 21:16.
    β. w. imagistic detail retreating into the background (cp. 1 Ch 11:2; Mi 7:14; Jer 23:2): of the administration of a congregation ποιμ. τὴν ἐκκλησίαν τοῦ θεοῦ Ac 20:28.—Of the Messiah ποιμανεῖ τὸν λαόν μου Ἰσραήλ (cp. 2 Km 5:2; 7:7.—Himerius, Or. 39 [=Or. 5], 8 Ἀττικὴ Μοῦσα ποιμαίνει τὴν πόλιν, i.e. Thessalonica) Mt 2:6. Of death: θάνατος ποιμανεῖ αὐτούς 1 Cl 51:4 (Ps 48:15). The latter pass. forms a transition to several others in which
    γ. the activity as ‘shepherd’ has destructive results (cp. Jer 22:22 and s. ELohmeyer, Hdb. on Rv 2:27) ποιμανεῖ αὐτοὺς ἐν ῥάβδῳ σιδηρᾷ (after Ps 2:9) Rv 2:27; 12:5; 19:15 (cp. Heraclitus Fgm. 11 πᾶν ἑρπετὸν πληγῇ νέμεται=everything that creeps is shepherded by a blow [from God]. Pla., Critias 109b alludes to this).
    ⓑ protect, care for, nurture (Aeschyl., Eumen. 91 ἱκέτην; Pla., Lys. 209a τὸ σῶμα) αὐτούς Rv 7:17 (cp. Ps 22:1; Ezk 34:23). π. ἑαυτόν look after oneself i.e. care for oneself alone (cp. Ezk 34:2) Jd 12.—B. 146. DELG s.v. ποιμήν. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ποιμαίνω

  • 124 ποιμήν

    ποιμήν, ένος, ὁ (s. prec. two entries; Hom.+; pap, LXX; JosAs; ApcEl [PSI I, 7 verso, 1]; AscIs, ApcrEzk, Philo; Jos., Ant. 8, 404 al.)
    ① one who herds sheep, shepherd, sheep-herder (Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 13 Jac. nomads; Theoph. Ant. 2, 35 [p. 190, 8]. In imagery or parable: Orig., C. Cels. 4, 17, 21) Mt 9:36=Mk 6:34 (Num 27:17); Mt 25:32; GJs 4:3; 18:3 (codd.). Of the shepherds at Jesus’ birth Lk 2:8, 15, 18, 20 (s. HGressmann, Das Weihnachtsevangelium 1914 [on this CClemen, StKr 89, 1916, 237–52]; JGeffcken, D. Hirten auf dem Felde: Her 49, 1914, 321–51 [against him JKroll, Her 50, 1915, 137ff]; Clemen2 1924, 195; 203ff; IHarrie, Die Anbetung der Hirten: ARW 23, 1925, 369–82; RBultmann, Gesch. d. Syn. Trad.2 ’31, 323–6; GErdmann, D. Vorgesch. d. Lk u. Mt ’32; ADeissmann, D. Anbetung d. Hirten u. d. Anbetung d. Weisen: Lutherring 16, ’35, 377–82).—In imagery, w. detail predominating: πατάξω τὸν ποιμένα, καὶ διασκορπισθήσονται (v.l. and also more grammatically correct:-θήσεται) τὰ πρόβατα τῆς ποίμνης (cp. Zech 13:7) Mt 26:31; Mk 14:27; B 5:12. Of Christ in extended imagery J 10:2, 7 v.l., 16; (opp. ὁ μισθωτός) vs. 12; ὁ ποιμὴν ὁ καλός vs. 11ab, 14 (Maximus Tyr. 6, 7d Cyrus is called ποιμὴν ἀγαθός, because he protects the Persian ‘flock’ fr. the barbarian ‘wolves’).
    ② one who serves as guardian or leader, shepherd, fig. ext. of 1 (Diog. L. 9, 40 Democritus is called ποιμὴν [=guardian] μύθων)
    ⓐ esp. freq. in Hermas (Leutzsch, Hermas 439f n. 546)
    α. as the angel of repentance and bearer of a revelation (MDibelius, Der Offenbarungsträger im ‘Hirten’ des H.: Harnack-Ehrung 1921, 105–18; Rtzst., Erlösungsmyst. 1921, 149) Hv 5:3, 7; Hs 2:1; 5, 1, 1; 8, 1, 4; 18; 8, 2, 5f; 8; 8, 4, 1; 8, 5, 1; 6; 8, 6, 1; 9, 1, 1; 9, 2, 6; 9, 5, 1; 7; 9, 7, 1; 3f; 9, 8, 1; 9, 9, 5–7; 9, 10, 1; 4; 6; 9, 11, 1; 8; 10, 3, 4f [=POxy 404 recto C, 15; 20 restored].
    β. in the vision of the shepherds Hs 6, 1, 5f; 6, 2, 1; 5f; 6, 3, 2; 7:1.
    ⓑ of those who lead Christian communities/congregations/ churches
    α. God (Philo, Agr. 51; Aberciusins. 3 π. ἁγνός) IRo 9:1.
    β. Christ τὸν ποιμένα τῶν προβάτων τὸν μέγαν Hb 13:20 (RGyllenberg, D. Christol. des Hb: ZST 11, ’34, 662–90). τὸν ποιμένα καὶ ἐπίσκοπον τῶν ψυχῶν ὑμῶν 1 Pt 2:25 (cp. Philo, Mut. Nom. 116 of the θεῖος λόγος; Ezk 34:23). ποιμ. τῆς ἐκκλησίας MPol 19:2. S. above 1, end, and Hdb. exc. after J 10:21; Bultmann 276–93; JQuasten, Hlg. Überliefg. (edited by OCasel) ’38, 51–58 (Hellenistic and early Christian); WJost, Poimen. D. Bild v. Hirten in d. bibl. Überl. u. s. christol. Bed., diss. Giessen ’39; TKempf, Christus der Hirt ’42; VMuller, Prehistory of the Good Shepherd: JNES 3, ’44, 87–90.
    γ. human leaders (on ‘shepherds’ as the founders and temporary thiasarchs [leaders] of Gk. religious guilds s. EMaass, Orpheus 1895, 181; Himerius, Or. 54 [=Or. 15] when greeting his newly arrived students, compares the teachers to shepherds [ἀγελάρχαι] and the pupils to the flock [ἀγέλη alternating with ποίμνιον §2]. S. also Jer 2:8; 3:15; Ezk 34:2) pastor Eph 4:11 (w. other church leaders). ὅπου ὁ ποιμήν (i.e. the superintendent/supervisor) ἐστιν, ἐκεῖ ὡς πρόβατα ἀκολουθεῖτε IPhld 2:1. S. also IRo 9:1 (Ign. as ‘shepherd’ of the Syrian church).—EHatch/AHarnack, D. Gesellschaftsverf. der christl. Kirchen im Altertum 1883, 230; HBruders, D. Verfassung der Kirche bis zum Jahr 175 n. Chr. 1904, 190f; 371f; Harnack, D. Mission4 I 1923, 350f; NCavatassi, De Munere Pastoris in NT: Verb. Domini 29, ’51, 215–27; 275–85.—B. 149. DELG. EDNT. RAC XV 577–607. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ποιμήν

  • 125 ἀρνίον

    ἀρνίον, ου, τό dim. of ἀρήν, but no longer felt to be such in NT times. (Lysias et al.; pap since III B.C., e.g. BGU 377, 2; 7; PStras 24, 7f; PGen 68, 7; LXX [rare]; Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 362; Jos., Ant. 3, 221; 226; Just., D. 72, 2f; Mel., P. 63, 454 [both Jer 11:19]) a sheep of any age, sheep, lamb, in our lit. only in imagery: in Rv a designation of Christ 5:6, 8, 12f; 6:1, 16; 7:9f, 14, 17; 12:11; 13:8; 14:1, 4, 10; 15:3; 17:14; 19:7, 9; 21:9, 14, 22f, 27; 22:1, 3; cp. the parody figure 13:11. τὰ ἀ. (as πρόβατα elsewh.) of the Christian community J 21:15. As a type of weakness 2 Cl 5:2ff. Cp. Boll 45, 6; FSpitta, Streitfragen d. Gesch. Jesu 1907, 174; HWindisch, D. messian. Krieg 1909, 70; ELohmeyer, Hdb., exc. on Rv 5:6; THoltz, D. Christologie der Apokalypse, diss. Halle ’59.—B. 159. DELG s.v. ἀρήν. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἀρνίον

  • 126 ἔνδυμα

    ἔνδυμα, ατος, τό (s. ἐνδύω; since V B.C. [SIG 1218, 3]; Polyb. 38, 20, 7; Strabo 3, 3, 7; Plut., Sol. 8, 5; SIG 1179, 7; PFay12, 20 [103 B.C.]; LXX; PsSol 2:20; OdeSol 11:11; JosAs 20:5 cod. A; GrBar 9:7; AscIs 3:25; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 85; Jos., Bell. 5, 231, Ant. 3, 153)
    ① material of any kind manufactured to cover the body, garment, clothing, Mt 6:25, 28; Lk 12:23; Ox 840, 19f; 27; also Ox 655, 11f, 16 (=ASyn. 67, 34; Unknown Sayings 86f; Fitzmyer, Oxy p. 545); GPt 4:12; ApcPt 5:17; 6:21 τὸ ἔ. αὐτοῦ λευκὸν ὡς χιών Mt 28:3 (cp. Da 7:9 Theod.); ἔ. ἀπὸ τριχῶν καμήλου clothing made of camel’s hair Mt 3:4; GEb 13, 78; ἔ. γάμου a wedding robe Mt 22:11f ([JosAs 20:5 cod. A for γάμου στολήν] on the lack of a festal robe cp. Lucian, Nigr. 14; cp. Acta Alex. VII A, 100–104; Suetonius, Nero 32, 3); τὸ τῆς αἰσχύνης ἔ. the garment worn for modesty’s sake (Pythagoreans in Diog. L. 8, 43) GEg 252, 57 (cp. Esth 4:17k ἱμάτια στενοχωρίας).
    ② covering in ref. to one’s inner life, covering.—Hermas is esp. fond of this transferred use (cp. OdeSol 11:11) ἔχειν ἔ. τῆς ἐπιθυμίας τῆς ἀγαθῆς clothe oneself in the garment of good desire m 12, 1, 2. Sim. of Christian virtues as the clothing of the spiritual maidens: ἐνδύειν τὸ ἔ. αὐτῶν Hs 9, 13, 2; ἀποδύσασθαι τὸ ἔ. take off the clothing=renounce the virtues 9, 13, 8; cp. vs. 7.—Idiom: of specious goodness that is fraught with hazard to come in sheep’s clothing ἔ. προβάτων (cp. Dox. Gr. 573, 21 τὸ ἐκ τῶν προβάτων ἔ.) sheep’s clothing, disguising a wolf Mt 7:15.—B. 395. DELG s.v. δύω. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἔνδυμα

  • 127 Επιμηλίδας

    Ἐπιμηλίδες
    protectors of sheep: fem acc pl
    Ἐπιμηλίδᾱς, Ἐπιμηλίδης
    masc acc pl
    Ἐπιμηλίδᾱς, Ἐπιμηλίδης
    masc nom sg (epic doric aeolic)

    Morphologia Graeca > Επιμηλίδας

  • 128 Ἐπιμηλίδας

    Ἐπιμηλίδες
    protectors of sheep: fem acc pl
    Ἐπιμηλίδᾱς, Ἐπιμηλίδης
    masc acc pl
    Ἐπιμηλίδᾱς, Ἐπιμηλίδης
    masc nom sg (epic doric aeolic)

    Morphologia Graeca > Ἐπιμηλίδας

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