sepulchral

tŭmŭlus, i, m. (late Lat. in the neutr.: HOC TVMVLVM, Inscr. Rein. cl. 20, 197) [tumeo; cf. also tumor and tumidus], a raised heap of earth, a mound, hill, hillock (freq. and class.; cf.: agger, moles).

In gen.:

terrenus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 43:

ignis e speculā sublatus aut tumulo,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 35, § 93:

coacervatis cadaveribus, qui superessent ut ex tumulo tela in nostros conicerent,

Caes. B. G. 2, 27:

quaeris, utrum magis tumulis prospectuque an ambulatione delecter,

Cic. Att. 14, 13, 1:

cum tumulos Albano in monte nivalis Lustrasti, id. Div. poët. 1, 11, 18: vos enim, Albani tumuli atque luci,

id. Mil. 31, 85:

silvestres,

id. Cat. 2, 11, 24: pecuda in tumulis deserunt, Att. ap. Non. p. 159, 10:

tumuli ex aggere,

Verg. A. 5, 44: tumulus naturalis, Auct. B. Alex. 72, 1.—

In partic., a sepulchral mound, barrow, tumulus (cf. sepulcrum):

(Demetrius) super terrae tumulum noluit quid statui nisi columellam, etc.,

Cic. Leg. 2, 26, 66:

(Alexander) cum in Sigaeo ad Achillis tumulum astitisset,

id. Arch. 10, 24; id. poët. Tusc. 3, 27, 65; Quint. 7, 3, 31:

tumulum facere,

Verg. E. 5, 42:

hostilem ad tumulum,

id. A. 3, 322:

statuent tumulum,

id. ib. 6, 380:

tumulo dare corpora,

Ov. M. 2, 326; 4, 157; id. F. 3, 547; id. Tr. 3, 3, 72:

tumulum Varianis legionibus structum,

Tac. A. 2, 7:

reliquiae tumulo Augusti inferebantur,

id. ib. 3, 3:

honorarius,

i. e. a sepulchral monument, cenotaph, Suet. Claud. 1;

called also inanis,

Verg. A. 6, 505.

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mŏnŭmentum ( mŏnĭm-), i, n. [moneo), that which preserves the remembrance of any thing, a memorial, a monument; esp. of buildings, statues, galleries, tombs erected to perpetuate the remembrance of a person or thing; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 139 Müll.

Lit. (class.):

statuam dare auream Solidam faciundam, quae siet factis monumentum suis,

Plaut. Curc. 3, 72:

monimenti causā,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 146:

monumento ut esset,

Liv. 8, 11, 16:

vitiorum,

Cic. Verr. 1, 4, 12:

Marcelli et Africani,

id. ib. 2, 1, 4, §

11: in Mamertino solo foederato atque pacato monumentum istius, crudelitatis constitutum est,

id. ib. 2, 4, 11, § 26: ego, quae monumenti ratio sit, nomine ipso admoneor, ad memoriam magis spectare debet posteritatis, quam ad praesentis temporis gratiam, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 32, 18:

placet mihi, legionis Martiae militibus monumentum fieri quam amplissimum,

id. Phil. 14, 12, 41; plur. excellent:

quod in monumentis majorum suorum sit interfectus (Clodius),

i. e. on the Via Appia, Cic. Mil. 7, 17; Tac. A. 4, 7:

pecunias monumentaque, quae ex fano Herculis collata erant,

memorials, votive offerings, images, Caes. B. C. 2, 21:

monimenta, quae in sepulcris: et ideo secundum viam, quo praetereuntes admoneant, et se fuisse, et illos esse mortales,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 45 Müll.:

regis,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 15:

Marii,

the temple built by him, Cic. Div. 1, 28, 59;

of the temple of Castor,

id. Verr. 1, 50, 13:

senatūs,

the house of Cicero, built by order of the Senate, id. Fam. 1, 9, 15.—

In partic.

A sepulchral monument, a sepulchre, tomb (syn.: sepulcrum, tumulus; class.): marmoreum, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12:

sepulcri,

Nep. Dion. 10;

and without sepulcri: sepultus est in monumento avunculi sui,

family tomb, sepulchre, Nep. Att. 22, 4.—

Of written works, monuments, or records:

exegi monumentum aere perennius,

Hor. C. 3, 30, 1: monumenta rerum gestarum, books of history, chronicles, Cic. de Or. 1, 46, 201:

annalium,

the monuments of history, id. Rab. Post. 16, 43:

commendare aliquid monumentis,

memoirs, id. Fam. 5, 12, 1:

liber monumenti,

Vulg. Mal. 3, 16.—

Transf., a remembrancer, a mark, token, or means of recognition, Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 16:

vos monimentis commonefaciam bubulis,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 6.—

Trop.:

at illa laus est, magno in genere... liberos hominem educare, generi monumentum et sibi,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 110:

monumentum laudis,

a memorial, Cic. Cat. 3, 11, 26:

clementiae,

id. Deiot. 14, 40:

furtorum,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 177:

amoris,

Verg. A. 5, 538.

sōlārĭum, ii, n. [id.].

(Sc. horologium, which is expressed in Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 213.) A sundial:

solarium dictum id, in quo horae in sole inspiciebantur, etc.,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 4 Müll.: ut illum Di perdant, primus qui horas repperit, Quique adeo primus statuit hic solarium, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Gell. 3, 3, 5; cf. Becker, Gallus, 2, p. 301 sq. (2d ed.): venter erat solarium, Aquil. ib. 3, 3, 4.—

Transf.

Ad solarium, a much-frequented place in the Forum where the sundial stood, Cic. Quint. 18, 59; Auct. Her. 4, 10, 14.—

A clock in gen. (even a water-clock):

cum solarium aut descriptum aut ex aquā contemplere,

Cic. N. D. 2, 34, 87; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 23 fin. —

A part of the house exposed to the sun, a flat house-top, a terrace, balcony, or the like, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 69; 2, 4, 25; Aug. ap. Macr. S. 2, 4; Suet. Ner. 16; id. Claud. 10; Pall. Mai, 11, 1; Vulg. 2 Reg. 16, 22; id. Jos. 2, 6; Dig. 8, 2, 17; Inscr. Orell. 3303; 4240; Isid. Orig. 15, 3 al.; cf.

Becker, Gallus, 2, p. 200 sq. (2d ed.).—Also on sepulchral monuments,

Inscr. Orell. 4536.

sŏlārium, ii (sc. vectigal), n. [solum], a ground-rent, Dig. 43, 8, 2, § 17; 7, 1, 7, § 2; 13, 7, 17; 30, 1, 39, § 5; Inscr. Orell. 39; cf. Becker, Antiq. 3, 2, p. 121, n. 614.

templum, i, n. [prob. for temulum; root tem- of temnô; cf. temenos, a sacred enclosure; hence],

Lit., a space marked out; hence, in partic., in augury, an open place for observation, marked out by the augur with his staff:

templum dicitur locus manu auguris designatus in aëre, post quem factum ilico captantur auguria,

Serv. Verg. A. 1, 92:

dictum templum locus augurii aut auspicii causā quibusdam conceptis verbis finitus. Concipitur verbis non isdem usquequaquae. In Arce sic: templa tescaque me ita sunto quoad ego caste lingua nuncupavero. Olla veter arbor, quirquir est, quam me sentio dixisse, templum tescumque finito in sinistrum, etc.... In hoc templo faciundo arbores constitui fines apparet,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 6 sq. Müll.:

Palatium Romulus, Remus Aventinum ad inaugurandum templa capiunt,

Liv. 1, 6, 4.—

Transf., with the idea of openness, extent, or that of sanctity predominating.

An open, clear, broad space, a circuit (so rare and mostly poet.): unus erit, quem tu tolles in caerula caeli Templa, i. e. the space or circuit of the heavens, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 6 Müll. (Ann. v. 67); cf.:

nec mare nec tellus neque caeli lucida templa, etc.,

Lucr. 1, 1014; so,

caeli,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 42; Lucr. 1, 1064; 1, 1105; 2, 1039; 6, 286; 6, 644; 6, 1228; cf.

caelestia,

id. 6, 388; 6, 670: magna caelitum, Enn. ap. Varr. 7, § 6 Müll. (Trag. v. 227 Vahl.): magnum Jovis altitonantis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 7 Müll. (Ann. v. 531 Vahl.): mundi magnum et vorsatile templum, the extent or circuit of the world, Lucr. 5, 1436; so,

mundi,

id. 5, 1205; 6, 43; cf.:

deus, cujus hoc templum est omne quod conspicis,

Cic. Rep. 6, 15, 15;

Somn. Scip. 3, 6: globus, quem in hoc templo medium vides, quae terra dicitur,

Cic. Rep. 6, 15, 15.—Of the infernal regions: Acherusia templa alta Orci, salvete, infera, spaces, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 6 Müll. (Trag. v. 107 Vahl.); id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 21, 48.—Of the plain of the sea:

loca Neptunia templaque turbulenta,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 3; cf. id. Rud. 4, 2, 4.—Of the hollow space or chamber of the mouth:

umida linguaï circum sidentia templa,

Lucr. 4, 624.—

A consecrated or sacred place, a sanctuary (syn.: aedes, fanum).

In gen.:

(sacerdotes) urbem et agros et templa liberata et effata habento,

Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 21; cf.:

hinc effari templa dicuntur ab auguribus,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 53 Müll.—Of the Rostra:

in Rostris, in illo inquam inaugurato templo ac loco,

Cic. Vatin. 10, 24; cf.:

rostraque id templum appellatum,

Liv. 8, 14, 12; Cic. Sest. 29, 62; Liv. 2, 56, 10; 3, 17, 1; 8, 35, 8 Drak.—Of the Curia:

templum ordini ab se aucto Curiam fecit,

Liv. 1, 30, 2; 26, 31, 11; 26, 33, 4.—Of a tribunal, Liv. 23, 10 Drak.; Flor. 2, 12, 11. —Of an asylum, Liv. 2, 1, 4.—

Trop., a sanctuary, shrine:

pectus templaque mentis,

Lucr. 5, 103; cf.:

(curia) templum sanctitatis, amplitudinis, mentis, consilii publici,

Cic. Mil. 33, 90.—

In partic., a place dedicated to some particular deity, a fane, temple, shrine:

Herculis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 94:

Jovis,

id. Fam. 10, 12, 4:

Junonis Sospitae,

id. Div. 1, 2, 4; cf. id. ib. 1, 44, 99; Verg. A. 1, 446:

Virtutis,

Cic. Rep. 1, 14, 21:

Vestae,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 16:

Minervae,

Verg. A. 6, 840:

antiqua deorum,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 104:

donec templa refeceris,

id. C. 3, 6, 2:

testudo amica templis,

id. ib. 3, 11, 6:

templorum positor, templorum sancte repostor,

Ov. F. 2, 63.—Of the sepulchral monument of Sychaeus, to whom divine honors were paid, [p. 1851] Verg. A. 4, 457; cf. Sil. 1, 84.—

A small timber; in architecture, a purlin lying horizontally upon the rafters, Vitr. 4, 2 and 7; cf.:

templum significat et tignum, quod in aedificio transversum ponitur,

Fest. p. 367 Müll.

vĭgĭlĭārĭum, ii, n. [id.].

A watchtower, Sen. Ep. 57, 6.—

A small sepulchral monument in the shape of a watchtower, Inscr. Orell. 4557.