segja+frá

1. spadnout, padat

2. padnout, být zabit

3. proudit, téci

4. líbit se, mít rád

5. padnout (šaty ap.), sedět, pasovat

1) (to send or put away: She dismissed him with a wave of the hand; Dismiss the idea from your mind!) vísa á dyr; hætta að hugsa um

2) (to remove from office or employment: He was dismissed from his post for being lazy.) segja upp

3) (to stop or close (a law-suit etc): Case dismissed!) vísa frá

•

- dismissal

1) (to walk, travel, move etc: He is going across the field; Go straight ahead; When did he go out?) fara

2) (to be sent, passed on etc: Complaints have to go through the proper channels.) fara í gegnum, fara eftir

3) (to be given, sold etc: The prize goes to John Smith; The table went for $100.) fara til; fara/seljast á

4) (to lead to: Where does this road go?) liggja til

5) (to visit, to attend: He goes to school every day; I decided not to go to the movie.) ganga/fara í, sækja

6) (to be destroyed etc: This wall will have to go.) hverfa

7) (to proceed, be done: The meeting went very well.) fara, enda

8) (to move away: I think it is time you were going.) fara

9) (to disappear: My purse has gone!) hverfa

10) (to do (some action or activity): I'm going for a walk; I'm going hiking next week-end.) fara (að gera e-ð)

11) (to fail etc: I think the clutch on this car has gone.) bila

12) (to be working etc: I don't think that clock is going.) ganga, vinna

13) (to become: These apples have gone bad.) verða

14) (to be: Many people in the world regularly go hungry.) vera, ganga

15) (to be put: Spoons go in that drawer.) eiga heima/að vera í

16) (to pass: Time goes quickly when you are enjoying yourself.) líða

17) (to be used: All her pocket-money goes on sweets.) fara í

18) (to be acceptable etc: Anything goes in this office.) ganga

19) (to make a particular noise: Dogs go woof, not miaow.) gefa frá sér, segja

20) (to have a particular tune etc: How does that song go?) hljóða, vera

21) (to become successful etc: She always makes a party go.) ganga (vel)

1) (an attempt: I'm not sure how to do it, but I'll have a go.) tilraun

2) (energy: She's full of go.) kraftur

•

- going

1) (successful: That shop is still a going concern.) sem blómstrar/gengur vel

2) (in existence at present: the going rate for typing manuscripts.) gang-, markaðs-, gildandi

•

- go-ahead

- go-getter

1) (not to (allow to) move forward: She kept the child back on the edge of the crowd; Every body keep back from the door!) halda sig fjarri/frá

2) (not to tell or make known: I feel he's keeping the real story back for some reason.) að segja ekki alla söguna

3) (not to give or pay out: Part of my allowance is kept back to pay for my meals; Will they keep it back every week?) halda eftir

- utterly

[a:v̬, в безударном положении av, a]

I praep (D)

1) выражает пространственные отношения:

2) при страд. залоге; перев. твор. п.:

3) в иных знач.:

II

adv:

[kʰʏn:a]

vi kann, kunni, kunnum, kunnað

1) мочь, быть в состоянии; уметь

2) знать

3) нравиться

4) выражает возможность:

[sg̊am̥tʰ]

adv, comp skemur, superl skemmst

1) недалеко

2) недолго

[sg̊öm:]

f skammar, skammir

1) стыд, позор, бесчестье, срам

2) pl брань, бранные слова

3) немного, несколько, чуть-чуть

4)

[vε:qʏr̬]

I. m vegar и vegs, vegir [vεijɪr̬]

1) дорога, путь

2) путь, возможность, выход

3) сторона

II. m vegs

afráð, afroð, and afhroð, n. (Fas. iii. 169), [cp. Swed. afrad; from roð, rud, fundus, ager (?)].

I. prop, a Norse and Swedish law term, tribute, ground tax, payable to the king; a. ok landaura, N. G. L. i. 257, D. N. iii. 408. So also in Vsp. 27, hvárt skyldu æsir a. gjalda, where it is opp. to gildi, league.

II. metaph. loss, damage,

1. in the phrase, gjalda a., to pay a heavy fine, suffer a great loss; en þat a. munu vér gjalda, at margir munu eigi kunna frá at segja hvárir sigrast, there will be so heavy a loss in men, such a havoc in killed, Nj. 197 (where most MSS. read afroð, some afrað, Ed. afrauð); töluðu þeir opt um málaferlin, sagði Flosi, at þeir hefði mikit a. goldit þegar, 254 (MSS. afrað, afroð, and afhroð); Lýtingr mun þykjast áðr mikit a. goldit hafa í láti bræðra sinna, 155 (MSS. afrað, afroð, and afhroð), Fms. x. 324.

2. in the phrase, göra mikit a., to make a great havoc; görði hann mikit afhroð í sinni vörn, great slaughter, Fas. iii. 169: cp. Lex. Poët.

3. advice, Vtkv. 5; the verse is spurious and the meaning false.

1) back; fara (snúa, koma, senda, sœkja, hverfa) a., to go (turn etc.) back; reka a., to drive back, repel; kalla a., to recall, revoke;

2) backwards; fram ok a., backwards and forwards, to and fro; þeir settu hnakka á bak sér a., they bent their necks backwards;

3) lúka (láta) a., to shut, close; hlið, port, hurð er a., is shut;

4) at the back, in the rear; þat er maðr fram, en dýr a., the fore part a man, the hind part of a beast; bæði a. ok fram, stem and stern (of a ship); Sigurðr sat a. á kistunni, S. sat aft on the stern-chest;

5) again; Freyja vaknar ok snerist við ok sofnar a., and falls asleep again.

* * *

and aftr (aptar, N. G. L. i. 347), adv., compar. aptar, superl. aptast, [Ulf. aftra = πάλιν], the spelling with p is borne out by the Gr. αψ.

I. Loc. back, back again:

1. WITH MOTION, connected with verbs denoting to go or move, such as fara, ganga, koma, leiða, senda, snúa, sækja, etc., where aptr almost answers to Lat. re-, remittere, reducere, reverti …; gefa a., reddere; bera a., refellere; kalla a., revocare; reka a., repellere: a. hverfr lygi þá er sönnu mætir (a proverb), a lie turns back when it meets truth, Bs. i. 639. ‘aptr’ implies a notion a loco or in locum, ‘eptir’ that of remaining in loco; thus skila a. means remittere; skilja eptir, relinquere; taka a., recipere, in a bad sense; taka eptir, animum attendere; fara a., redire; vera e., remanere, etc.; fara, snúa, koma, senda, sækja, hverfa a., Nj. 260, 281, Fms. x. 395, iv. 300, Edda 30, Eg. 271, Eb. 4, Fs. 6; færa a., to repay, N. G. L. i. 20; snúast a., Lækn. 472. Without actual motion,—as of sounds; þeir heyrðu a. í rjóðrit óp, they heard shouting behind them, Fms. iv. 300; nú skal eigi prestr ganga svá langt frá kirkju at hann heyri eigi klokkur hljóð aftar (= aftr), he shall not go out of the sound of the bells, N. G. L. i. 347.

β. backwards; fram ok a., to and fro (freq.); reið hann suðr aptr, rode back again, Nj. 29; aptr á bak, supine, bent or turned back, Eg. 380; þeir settu hnakka á bak sér a., bent their necks backwards in order to be able to see, Edda 30; skreiðast a. af hestinum, to slip down backwards from the croup of a horse, to dismount, Fs. 65.

γ. connected with many verbs such as, láta, lúka a., to close, shut, opp. to láta, lúka upp, Fær. 264, Eg. 7, Landn. 162; in a reverse sense to Lat. recludere, reserere, rescindere, resolvere.

2. WITHOUT MOTION = aptan, the hind part, the back of anything; þat er maðr fram ( superne), en dýr a., the fore part a man, the hind part a beast, 673. 2; síðan lagði hann at tennrnar a. við huppinn, he caught the hip with his teeth, Vígl. 21. The English aft when used of a ship; breði a. ok fram, stern and stem (of a ship), Fms. ix. 310; Sigurðr sat a. á kistunni, sate aft on the stern-chest, vii. 201; a. ok frammi, of the parts of the body (of a seal), Sks. 179. Compar. aptarr, farther back, Fms. vi. 76.

II. TEMP. again, πάλιν, iterum: this use of the word, general as it is at present, hardly appears in old writers; they seem to have had no special expression for again, but instead of it said síðan, enn, or used a periphrase, á nýja leik, öðru sinni, annat sinn, or some other substitute. It is, however, very freq. in Goth. aftra = πάλιν, Swed. åter, Dan. atter; some passages in the Sagas come near to the mod. use, e. g. bæta a., restituere, to give back (but not temp.); segja friði a., to recal, N. G. L. i. 103; hann maelti at engi mundi þann fald a. falda, El. 20, uncertain whether loc. ( backward) or iterum, most likely the former. It is now used in a great many compounds, answering to Lat. re-, cp. also endr.

(gørva, gerva), adv. quite, clearly; muna g., to remember clearly; ef þú g. kannar, if thou search closely cf. gørr, gørst.

* * *

gjörva, gerva, geyrva, adv.; compar. görr, gjörr, gerr; superl. görst, gerst: [A. S. gearve, gearu; O. H. G. garwe; Germ. gar]:—quite, clearly; ef þú görva kannar, if thou searchest closely, Hm. 101, Ls. 52; muna g., to remember clearly, Am. 78; reyna g., 77; vita g., to know exactly, Ó. H. 62, Sturl. iii. 220 C: compar., seg enn görr, tell it plainer, speak out! Nj. 13; þvíat nú vita menn görr en fyrr hvat göra skal, Bjarn. 58; um þá hluti er ek hann görr at sjá en þér, Ld. 186; þó veiztu görr ef þú ræðir þetta mál fyrir konungi, Fms. i. 82: more, farther, ok skilja þeir þat eigi görr en svá, Grág. i. 136; þá á hann eigi görr at neyta, en fjögurra missera björg sé eptir, not beyond that point, 235; lögsögu-maðr skal svá görla (so far, so minutely) alla þáttu upp segja, at engi viti einna miklogi görr, 2; görr meir, still more, H. E. i. 48: superl., ek veit görst ( I know best) at þér þurfit brýningina, Ld. 240: sá veit görst er reynir, a saying; sauða-maðr fór ok sagði Gunnari sem görst (he told G. minutely) frá öllu, Nj. 104; er þat bæði, at ek þykkjumk svá görst vita hverr þú ert, Fms. ii. 269; þóttisk hón þá görst vita, hvernig honum mun farask, Rd. 246.

(-s, -ar), m.

1) kettle, cauldron;

2) hot spring (hverrinn var bæði heitr ok djúpr); holtriða h., ‘rock-cauldron’, cave.

1) interrog., used both substantively and adjectively, who, which, what? hverjar ero þær meyjar? who are these maids? h. á hestinn? who owns the horse? h. er þessi maðr? who is this man? hvern enda? what end?

2) indef. each, every one, as subst., with gen.; manna h., every man; fróðra h., every wise man; h. várr, each of us; as a., h. gumi, every man; hverjan or hvern dag, every day; as adv., í hverju, moment (veðrit óx í hverju);

3) any (fyrir útan hverja hjálp);

4) with the relat. part. ‘er’ or ‘sem’, whosoever, whichever (þá skulu þeir þegar drepa hann h. sem hann er);

5) with another pron. or adj; h. at öðrum, one after another (hverja nótt eptir aðra); at öðru hverju, every now and then, hverir tveir, every two and two; þriðja hvert ár, every three years (= á hverjum þremr árum); hverr … sinn, every one … his (hverr maðr í sínu rúmi);

6) relat. (rare), who, which.

* * *

m., pl. hverar:

I. a cauldron, boiler; hver kringlóttan af eiri, Stj. 564; heyrði til höddu er Þorr bar hverinn, Skálda 168, Hym. 1, 3, 5, 9, 13, 27, 33, 34, 36, 39 (of a boiler); hefja af hvera, Gm. 42, = mod. taka ofan pottinn; in Gkv. 3, 6, 9, 10, ketill and hver are synonymous: hver-gætir, m. a cauldron-keeper, cook, Am. 58: hvera-lundr, m. a cauldron groove, Vsp. 39: Hver-gelmir, m. local name of the northern Tartarus, the abyss, Edda.

II. metaph. in volcanic Icel. this word was taken to express the hot springs, and it is so used to the present day (in pl. often hverir), Sd. 191, Grett. 141 (hverar), Bs. i. 322, Ann. 1294, and freq. in local names. In the west the largest hverar are those in Reykjahólar, Eggert Itin. 382; in the north the Reykja-hver; Hvera-vellir in the wilderness Kjöl, 637; Reykjadals-hverar, among which the largest is the Uxa-hver, and Baðstofu-hver, 640, 641. In the east there are only a few, see Itin. 798; whereas the south is very rich in such springs, especially the neighbourhood of Haukadal (Geysir, Strokkr), see Ann. 1294; Grafar-hver, 890; Reykjaness-hverar, 895, (whence Hver-hólmr, the name of a holm); the springs in Krísuvík, 897; the hverar in Reykja-holt and Reykja-dalr: they are found even in glaciers, as in Torfa-jökull, 766.

COMPDS: hverafuglar, hverahella, hverahrúðr, hveraleir, hveraslý, hverasteinar, hveravatn, hvera-lundr in Vsp. an Icel. origin of this poem is suggested by Prof. Bergmann in his Poëmes Islandaises, Paris 1838, p. 183, as the verse seems to refer to volcanic agencies.

pron. interrog. and indef.; at the present day proncd. hvur, with u throughout, and in mod. printed books usually spelt hvör, a form no doubt derived from the dual hvárr (hvorr), used in a plur. sense: for its declension, see Gramm. p. xxi; an acc. hverjan, Hým. 39; hverjan morgin, Vsp. 22, Fb. ii. 71 (in a verse); hverjan dag, Vþm. 11, 18, 23, 41, Gm. 8, 14, 20, 29; hverjan veg, Vþm. 18; whence the contracted form hvern. [The Gothic has a threefold interrog. pron., a sing. hwas, hwo, hwa; a dual, hwaþar; and a plur. hwarjis, hwarja, hwarjata. To the first of these pronouns answers the old Icel. form hvar, A. S. hwa, Scot. who, Engl. who, Swed. ho, Dan. hvo, cp. Lat. quis; but this pronoun is defective, and remains only in the neut. hvat, q. v., Ulf. hwa, A. S. hwat, Engl. what, Germ. was, Dan.-Swed. hvad, Lat. quid: the dat. masc. hveim is obsolete, Goth. hvamme, Engl. whom, Dan. hvem: the dat. hví (see hvat II, III): a nom. masc. hvar (hva-r) seems to be used a few times in old MSS. (e. g. Kb. of the Grágás), but it is uncertain, as the word is usually abbreviated h^er or h^ur: a gen. sing. hves (Goth. hwes, North. E. whese) occurs, hves lengra, how much farther? Hom. (St.) 50; til hves, to what? 65: possibly the απ. λεγ. hós, Ls. 33, is a remnant of the old gen. To the Goth. dual answers the Icel. hvárr (hvaðarr), q. v. To the Goth. plur. answers the Icel. hverr, with characteristic j, which is used in sing. and plur. alike. In the neut. sing. the two forms, hvat and hvert, are distinguished thus, that hvat (hvað) is interrog., hvert indef., e. g. hvað barn, what bairn? but hvert barn, every bairn.]

A. Interrogative, = Lat. quis, quae, quid? who, what, which? as substantive and adjective, direct and indirect; hvers fregnit mik? Vsp. 22; hverjar ro þær meyjar? Vþm. 48; hverir æsir? 30, Fsm. 8, 34; hverr er sá enn eini? Fas. ii. 529; hverir hafa tekið ofan skjöldu vára? Nj. 68; hverju skal launa kvæðit? Ísl. ii. 230; hverr er sá maðr? Fms. ii. 269; telja til hvers hann hafði neytt eði hvers úneytt, Grág. i. 155; spyrja hverja þeir vilja kveðja, ii. 24; kveða á þingmörk hver eru, i. 100; (segja) hverjar guðsifjar með þeim eru, 30; hugsa til hvers þú munt færr verða, Fms. i. 83; vita hverr þú ert, ii. 269; vita hvert biðja skal, Edda; þeir þóttusk sjá til hvers aetlað var, Fms. ix. 461; eigi veit ek til hvers ek má ætla, Bs. i. 541; hón segir honum hvers efni í eru, how matters stood, 539; þeir vissu hverju hann ætlaði fram at fara, Fms. i. 291; hann segir hverrar ættar Ólafr var, 81; sögðu með hverju (erendi) þeir höfðu farit, Eg. 281.

2. with the notion of Lat. qualis; en hvat kemr þér í hug, hverr ( qualis) ek muna vera þeim Írum, ef? …, Fas. ii. 529; þeim þótti úsýnt hverr friðr gefinn væri, Fms. v. 24; sá einn veit, hverju geði styrir gumna hverr, Hm. 17.

B. Indefinite pronoun, = Lat. quisque, every one, each, used both as substantive and as adjective:

1. as subst.; with gen., þat sæti ætlaði sér hverr sona hans, Fms. i. 7; manna, seggja, lýða, gumna hverr, every one of the men, every man, Hm. 14, 17, 53–55, Sól. 49; fróðra hverr, every wise man, Hm. 7; ráðsnotra hverr, 63: absol., as in the sayings, hverr er sjálfum sér næstr; bærr er hverr at ráða sínu; djarfr er hverrum deildan verð; fróðr er hverr fregnvíss; hverr er sinnar hamingju smiðr; dauðr verðr hverr, Hallfred; hail er heima hverr, Hm.; kveðr hverr sinnar þurftar: lét harm þar tala um hvern þat er vildi, Eb. and passim: with a possess, pron., ef sér ferr hverr várr, each of us, Glúm. 329.

2. as adj., á hverju þingi, Hkr. ii. 300; hverjan dag, every day, Vsp., Vþm., Gm.; í hverri tíð, at any time, Hom. 112; hver undr, Fs. 115; hverjum manni, Nj. 6; meiri ok sterkari hverjum manni, Hkr. i. 148; hver spurning liítr til svara, Sks. 307; hverr gumi, Hm. 13, passim.

3. as adv., í hverju, evermore; veðrit óx í hverju, Fms. vi. 379; þykir harðna sambúðin í hverju, grew ever worse and worse, xi. 441; veðrit óx í hverri, Skáld. H. 4. 14.

II. any; fyrir utan hverja hjálp, Hom. 159: esp. if following after a compar., es meiri fögnuðr boðinn á þessi tíð en á hverri annarri, Hom. (St.); hefir þetta með meirum fádæmum gengit heldr en hvert annarra, Band. 33 new Ed.

III. adding the relat. particle er or sem, whosoever, whichsoever, whatsoever; hvers sem við þarf, Fms. i. 306; þá á þá sök hverr er vill, Grág. i. 10; hverr er svá er spakr, Hom. 2; hverju sinni er, whensoever, Str. 27 and passim.

IV. with another pron. or adj.; hverr at öðrum, one after another, Eg. 91, Fs. 158; hvert at öðru, Fas. ii. 556; hvert sumar frá öðru, Grág. i. 92; hverja nótt eptir aðra, Þiðr. 53, 150; at öðru hverju, now and then, adverbially; hverir tveir, every two and two, by twos, Fms. iv. 299; þriðja hvert ár, every three years, Fas. ii. 64; á hverjum þremr árum, id., Stj. 573; dag inn sjaunda hvern, K. ÞK.; þriðja hvert sumar, Landn. 299; annan hvern dag, níundu hverja nótt, Skm. 21, Nj. 190.

2. hverr … sinn, every … his; hverr maðr í sínu rúmi, Nj. 51; hverr sér, each separately; sér hverr, each in particular, every one; at serhverju hofi, at every single temple, Landn. 336 (App.); þó at ek greina eigi ser hvat, though I do not tell each thing in detail, Bs. i. 64; sérhverja atburði, 134; sérhverjum hlut, Fms. v. 333; sérhverjum þeirra, Nj. 256, Landn. 35, Sturl. ii. 175; sérhvern fingr, Fas. iii. 345; sérhvern mann, Fms. i. 149; allir ok sérhverir, all and several, i. e. everyone, Grág. ii. 36, 140, Eluc. 43, H. E. i. 468; einn ok sérhverr, one and all, every one, Skálda 161; hverr sem einn, each as one, all like one man, 165, Al. 91, 93, Barl. 40, Stj. 4; hvereinn, every one.

C. Relative, = Lat. qui, quae, quod, Engl. who, which, only in later writers of the end of the 13th and the 14th centuries, and since freq. in N. T., Vídal., Hymns; at first it was seldom used but with the particles er, at, as in Engl. who that …, which that …; þat herbergi, í hverju er …, in which that …, Stj.; takandi vátta, hverir at sóru fullan bókareið, Dipl. ii. 2; með fullkomnum ávexti, hverr at þekkr mun verða, Fms. v. 159 and passim: singly, tvær jarðir, hverjar svá heita, Dipl. v. 27; Guðs orð, hver frjófgask munu, Fms. v. 159; Gerhardus, hverr með fögrum píslar-sigri fór brott, Mar.; með hverjum hann hugar-prýði vann, Fb. iii. 567.

* * *

(gen. handar, dat. hendi; pl. hendr), f.

1) hand;

taka hendi á e-u, to touch with the hand;

hafa e-t í hendi, to hold in the hand;

drepa hendi við e-u, to refuse;

halda hendi yfir e-m, to protect one;

taka e-n höndum, to seize, capture;

bera hönd fyrir höfuð sér, to defend oneself;

eiga hendr sínar at verja, to act in self defence;

láta e-t hendi firr, to let go out of one’s hands, to lose;

taka í hönd e-m, to join hands with one;

eiga e-t jöfnum höndum, to own in equal shares;

sverja sér af hendi, to forswear;

af hendi e-s, on one’s behalf, on the part of (af hendi landsmanna);

at hendi, as adv. in turn;

hverr at hendi, each in turn;

felast á hendi e-m, to be under one’s protection;

hvat er þér á höndum, what hast thou in hand?;

ef honum væri ekki á höndum, if he had nothing in hand, if his hands were free;

eiga e-t fyrir hendi (höndum), to have in hand (duty, business, engagement);

vera í hendi, to be at hand, at one’s disposal;

hafa vel (illa) í höndum, to behave well (badly);

hafa e-t með höndum, to have in hand, manage, discharge;

hljóta e-t undan hendi e-s, from one, at one’s hand;

á hönd, á hendr, against (lýsa vígi á hönd e-m);

snúa vanda á hendr e-m, to throw the responsibility on one;

fœrast e-t á hendr, to undertake;

ganga (drífa) á hönd e-m, to submit to one;

bjargast á sínar hendr, by one’s own handiwork;

selja, gefa, fá e-t í hönd (hendr) e-m, to give into one’s hands, hand over;

búa e-t í hendr e-m, to make it ready for one;

kalla til e-s í hendr e-m, to lay claim to a thing at the hands of another;

þá sömu nótt, er fór í hönd, the following night;

veðr óx í hönd, the wind rose higher and higher;

vera hœgt um hönd, to be easy in hand;

til handa e-m, into one’s hands;

ganga til handa e-m, to put oneself in another’s hands, submit to him;

ef þat berr þér til handa, if it befalls thee;

þá skömrn kýs ek mér eigi til handa, I will not have that shame at my door;

biðja konu til handa e-m, on one’s behalf, for him;

2) the arm and hand, the arm (höndin gekk af axlarliðnum; hann hefir á hœgri hendi hring fyrir ofan ölnboga);

var eigi djúpara en þeim tók undir hendr, the water just reached to their armpits;

3) hand, side;

á hœgri (vinstri) hönd, on the right (left) hand, side;

á hvára hönd, on either hand;

minnar (yðvarrar) handar, for my (your) part;

4) kind, sort;

allra handa árgœzka, great abundance of all things.

* * *

f., gen. handar, dat. hendi, acc. hönd, pl. hendr, mod. proncd. höndur, gen. handa; [Goth. handus; A. S. and Engl. hand; O. H. G. hant; Germ. hand; Dan. haand; Swed. hand]:—a hand; beit höndina þar er nú heitir úlfliðr, Edda 17; armleggir, handleggir ok hendr, Anecd. 6; kné eðr hendi, Grág. ii. 8; ganga á höndum, Fms. vi. 5; með hendi sinni, K. Þ. K. 5 new Ed.; taka hendi á e-u, to touch with the hand, Fms. x. 110; taka höndum um háls e-m, Nj. 10; hvítri hendi, Hallfred; hafa e-t í hendi, to hold in hand, wield, Eg. 297, Nj. 84, 97, 255; hrjóta ór hendi e-m, Fms. xi. 141; hafa fingrgull á hendi, Nj. 146; handar-högg, Fms. xi. 126, Fas. ii. 459; sjá ekki handa sinna skil (deili), not to be able to see one’s hands, of a dense fog.

2. the arm and hand, the arm, like Gr. χείρ, Nj. 160, 253; á hendi heitir alnbogi, Edda 110; hendr til axla, Fas. i. 160; leggir handa ok fóta, Magn. 532; hönd fyrir ofan úlnlið, Nj. 84; hafa hring á hendi, of an arm-ring, Nj. 131; hring á hægri hendi fyrir ofan ölnboga, Fms. iv. 383:—the arm and arm-pit, ná, taka undir hönd ( arm-pit) e-m, Gþl. 380; var eigi djúpara en þeim tók undir hendr, the water reached to their arm-pits, Ld. 78; taka undir hönd sér, to take hold under one’s arms, Eg. 237, Nj. 200; sjá undir hönd e-m, Fas. ii. 558; renna undir hendr e-m, to backspan one, Háv. 40, 41; þykkr undir hönd, stout, Ld. 272.

3. metaph. handwriting, hand; rita góða hönd, to write a good hand; snar-hönd, running hand, italics.

II. the hand, side; hægri hönd, the right hand; vinstri hönd, the left hand; á hvára hönd, on either hand, each side, Landn. 215; á vinstri hönd, Nj. 196; á hægri hönd; á tvær hendr, on both hands or sides, Ísl. ii. 368, Fas. i. 384; á báðar hendr, Grág.; hvat sem á aðra hönd ber, whatsoever may happen; á aðra hönd … en á aðra, Ld. 46; til hvárigrar handara, Fms. x. 313; til annarrar handar, Nj. 50, 97; til sinnar handar hvárr, 140; til beggja handa, Eg. 65; til ýmsa handa, Bs. i. 750; þver-hönd, a hand’s breadth; örv-hönd.

III. sayings and phrases referring to the hand:

1. sayings; sjálfs hönd er hollust, one’s own hand is best, i. e. if you want to have a thing well done, do it yourself, Glúm. 332, Ó. H. 157; blíð er bætandi hönd, blessed is the mending hand; gjörn er hönd á venju, Grett. 150, Nj. (in a verse), and Edda (Ht. 26); margar hendr vinna létt verk; fiplar hönd á feigu tafli; betri ein kráka í hendi en tvær á skógi, Ld. 96; skamma stund verðr hönd höggvi fegin, see högg.

2. phrases; drepa hendi við, to refuse, Nj. 71; halda hendi yfir e-m, to hold one’s hand over, protect, 266, Fbr. 22, Anecd. 14; taka e-n höndum, to take hold with the hands, seize, capture, Fms. x. 314, Nj. 265, passim; eiga hendr sínar at verja, to act in self-defence, 84, 223; hefja handa, to lift the hands, stir for action, 65, Ld. 262; bera hönd fyrir höfuð sér, to put one’s hand before one’s head, stand on one’s guard, defend oneself; vera í hers höndum, óvina höndum, to be in a state of war, exposed to rapine; vera í góðum höndum, vina-höndum, góðra manna höndum, to be in good hands, among friends.

β. læknis-hendr, ‘leech hands,’ healing hands; pains and sickness were believed to give way to the magical touch of a person gifted with such hands, Sdm. 4, Magn. S. Góða ch. 36 (Fms. vi. 73), cp. Rafns S. ch. 2; hönd full, a handful, Fms. ii. 302, vi. 38, viii. 306; fullar hendr fjár, hands full of gold:—kasta hendinni til e-s, to huddle a thing up; með harðri hendi, with hard hand, harshly, rudely; með hangandi hendi, with drooping hand, slothfully; fegins hendi, with glad hand, joyfully; sitja auðum höndum, to sit with empty hands, sit idle; but með tómar hendr, empty-handed, portionless, Thom.:—láta hendr standa fram úr ermum, to work briskly; víkja hendi til e-s (handar-vik), to move the hand to do a thing; það er ekki í tveim höndum að hafa við e-n, of double handed (i. e. faltering) half measures, when the one hand undoes what the other has done; kann ek þat sjá at ekki má í tveim höndum hafa við slíka menn, Band. 3; láta hönd selja hendi, of a ready bargain; láta e-t ganga hendi firr, to let go out of one’s hands, lose, Ld. 202; ok lét sér eigi hendi firr ganga, and never lost sight of him, 656 ii. 4; e-m fallask hendr, to be discomfited, lose one’s head (see falla); leggja görva hönd á allt, to be a ready hand, adept in everything, Thom. 300 (see göra F. 2); taka í hönd e-m, to join hands, Nj. 3; takask í hendr, to join, shake hands, Grág. ii. 80; leggja hendr saman, id., Gþl. 18,—of shaking hands as symbolical of a bargain, see the compds hand-lag, hand-festi, handa-band; eiga, taka, jöfnum höndum, to own, take with even hands, i. e. in equal shares, Grág. i. 171, ii. 66, Hkr. i. 318; vinna jöfnum höndum, to work even-handed, to help one another; e-m eru mislagðar hendr, one’s hands are amiss, when bad work is done by one from whom better was expected; honum hafa verið mislagðar hendr, etc.

B. Metaph. usages:

I. dat., sverja sér af hendi, to forswear, Fms. vii. 176; færa af höndum sér, to dismiss, Grág. i. 248; hefjask af höndum e-m, Fms. xi. 59:—af hendi e-s, on one’s behalf, part, Landn. 154; af hendi Hákonar, Fms. i. 20, iv. 118; af hendi landsmanna, ix. 359; af sinni hendi, of one’s own hand, for one’s own part, Grág. i. 392; reiða, greiða, gjalda, inna af hendi or höndum, to discharge, pay off, Fms. vii. 230, Nj. 146, 190, 232, 239, 257, 281, Grág. i. 82, ii. 374; selja, láta af hendi (höndum), to part with, dismiss, Nj. 186, 231, Fms. vii. 173, Rb. 12; líða af hendi, to pass, of time, Ísl. ii. 144, Fms. iv. 83: koma, bera at hendi, to happen, Nj. 71, 177: at hendi, as adv. in turn; hvern at hendi, each in turn, Fms. i. 150: þar næst Gunnarr, þá Loðinn, þá hverr at hendi, Nj. 140; hverr segir at hendi þat er frá honum hefir stolit verit, Mar.: felask á hendi e-m, to be under one’s charge, protection, Nj. 201, Bs. i. 167, 173. vera e-m á hendi, id., Fms. vii. 243; vera bundinn á hendi e-m, Sturl. i. 57: hafa e-t á höndum (hendi), to have a thing in hand, of duty, business to be done, Grág. i. 38; eiga ferð á höndum, Ld. 72; hvat er þér á höndum, what hast thou in hand? for what art thou concerned, distressed? Nj. 133, Ld. 270; ella eru þér stórir hlutir á höndum, Fms. vii. 30; ef honum væri ekki á höndum, if he had nothing in hand, if his hands were free, Ld. 42: eiga e-t fyrir hendi (höndum), to have in hand (duty, business, engagement), Fas. ii. 557; farvegr langr fyrir hendi, Fms. xi. 316; tveir kostir fyrir höndum, Nj. 264, Grág. i. 279; hafa sýslu fyrir höndum, Ísl. ii. 344; eiga vandræði fyrir höndum, Ld. 4; eiga gott fyrir höndum, Hkr. iii. 254: vera í hendi, to be at hand, within reach, at one’s disposal, in one’s power; hann er eigi í hendi, Fms. vi. 213; þat er eigi í hendi, ‘tis no easy matter, v. l.; hafa raun ( evidence) í hendi, Bs. i. 708; hafa ráð e-s í hendi sér, Ld. 174, Fas. i. 260; hafa vel, ílla í höndum, to behave well, badly, Ísl. ii. 387, Eg. 158; varð honum þat vel í höndum, 50: hafa e-t með höndum (fé, auðæfi, embætti, etc.), to have in hand, manage, discharge, Grág. ii. 389, Greg. 25, Stj. 248, Hkr. iii. 131; to design, hafa ráð, stórræði með höndum, 623. 51: hljóta undan hendi e-s, from one, at one’s hands, Fas. i. 365: undir höndum, eigi lítill undir höndum, not a small man to handle, Fms. vii. 17; vera undir höndum e-m, to be under or in one’s hands, under one’s protection, in one’s power, Sks. 337, Fms. i. 7, 13; sitja undir hendi e-m, Hkr. i. 166,—um hendr, Fms. iv. 71, is prob. an error = undir hendi.

2. absol., annarri hendi, on the other hand, Fms. vii. 158; en annarri hendi vildu þeir gjarna veita konungi hlýðni, ix. 258.

II. acc., with prepp.; á hönd, á hendr, against; höfða sök, lýsa vígi (etc.) á hönd e-m, to make a suit … against, Grág. i. 19, Nj. 86, 87, 98, 99, 101, 110, 120, 230; hyggja e-t á hendr e-m, to lay a thing to a person’s charge, Hom. 115; reynask á hendr e-m, to have a charge brought home to one, Fms. xi. 76; snúa vanda á hendr e-m, to throw the responsibility upon …, Nj. 215; færa, segja stríð á hendr e-m, to wage, declare war against one; fara geystr á hendr e-m, to rage against, Fms. vii. 230; færask e-t á hendr, to undertake, Nj. 126; ganga á hönd e-m, to vex one, 625. 33; sótt elnar á hendr e-m, Eg. 126; leggja e-t á hendr e-m, to lay ( a burden) on one’s hands, Fms. xi. 98; in a good sense, ganga á hönd, to pay homage to, submit, Ó. H. 184; dreif allt fólk á hönd honum, submitted to him, filled his ranks, Fms. i. 21; bjargask á sínar hendr, by one’s own handwork, Vápn. 28; (for at hönd, Grág. i. 135, read á hönd): selja, fá, gefa e-t í hönd, hendr e-m, to give into one’s hands, hand over; selja sök í hönd e-m (handsöl), Grág. ii. 80, Nj. 4, 98, 112, 186; so, halda e-u í hönd e-m, Ísl. ii. 232, Fms. vii. 274; búa í hendr e-m, to make it ready for one, Ld. 130; veiði berr í hendr e-m, Nj. 252; kalla til e-s í hendr e-m, to lay claim to a thing at the hands of another, Ld. 300, Eg. 350, Fms. iv. 222, ix. 424; þegar í hönd, offhand, immediately, Bs. i; þá sömu nótt er fór í hönd, the following night, Fms. viii. 397, Glúm. 341; gjalda í hönd, to pay in cash, Vm. 16; veðr óx í hönd, the wind rose higher and higher, Fb. i. 432: undir jafna hönd, equally, Sturl. iii. 243; standa óbrigðiliga undir jafna hönd, Dipl. v. 26: væra hægt um hönd, to be easy in hand, Nj. 25; þegar eg vil er hægt um hönd, heima á Fróni að vera, Núm. 1. 10; but mér er e-t um hönd, it is awkward, costs trouble: hafa við hönd sér, to keep at hand, Fms. x. 264; tóku konur manna ok dætr ok höfðu við hönd sér viku, Grett. 97; hafa e-t við höndina, to have it at hand.

III. gen., with prepp.; til handa e-m, into one’s hands; fara Guði til handa, to go into God’s hands, Blas. 51; ganga til handa e-m, to put oneself in another’s hands, submit to him, Rb. 404, Eg. 12, Fms. vii. 234, Fas. ii. 522; ef þat berr þér til handa, if it befalls thee, i. 135; þá skömm kýs ek mér eigi til handa, I will not have that shame at my door, Nj. 191: for one, on one’s behalf, biðja konu til handa e-m, 120, 180, Grág. i. 353; í þeirri bæn er hann orti oss til handa, for its, for our use, our sake, 655 i. 2; hann hélt fénu til handa Þrándi, Landn. 214, Nj. 151; safnar konungr liði (til) handa Oddi, Fas. ii. 553; til handa Þorkatli, Fs.

β. dropping the prep. til; mikit fé handa honum, Rd. 195 (late MSS.): whence, handa has become an adverb with dat., handa e-m, for one, Lat. alicui, which is freq. in mod. usage.

2. adverbial; allra handa, Dan. allehaande, of every kind; allra handa árgæzka, Edda (pref.); allra handa ganganda fé, Þórð. 51 new Ed.; fjögurra handa, of a fourfold kind, H. E. i. 525.

3. absol., minnar handar, for my part, Ísl. ii. 356; yðvarrar handar, for your part, Fms. ix. 498; hvárrar-tveggju handar, on either hand, Skálda 164; innan handar, within one’s hands, easy, Ld. 112; þótti þeim innan handar falla at taka land þetta hjá sér sjálfum, 210.

C. COMPDS:

I. plur., handa-afl, n., Edda, = handafl, p. 237. handa-band, n. a joining or shaking of hands, as a law term = handlag, Dipl. i. 11, iv. 2, Vígl. 23; in plur., Bs. (Laur. S.); heilsa, kveðja með handabandi. handa-festi, f. a hold for the hands, Fms. ii. 276. handa-gangr, m. grasping after a thing with all hands, Fas. iii. 345. handa-görvi, f. ‘hand-gear,’ gloves, Sd. 143, Fbr. 139. handa-hóf, n., in the phrase, af handahófi, at random. handa-kenning, f. hand touching, Eluc. 20. handa-klapp, n. a clapping of hands, Skálda 174. handa-læti, n. pl. gestures with the arms, Sks. 116. handar-mál, n., in the phrase, at handarmáli, in heaps; var þá drepit lið hans at handarmáli, Fas. i. 41. handa-saumr, m. tight gloves, Bs. ii. 10. handa-síðr, adj. = handsíðr. handa-skil, n. pl., in the phrase, sjá ekki h., not to see one’s own hands, as in the dark, in a dense fog. handa-skol, n. pl. maladroitness; það er allt í handaskolum. handa-skömm, f. shameful work, a scandal; það er mesta h.! handa-staðr, m. the print of the hands. Fas. i. 285. handa-tak, n., -tekt, f., -tekja, u, f. a taking of hands, as a bargain, Háv. 42, H. E. ii. 194, D. N. i. 398. handa-tæki, n. pl. a laying hold, a fight, Bs. i. (Laur. S.): a pledging of hands, Dipl. ii. 6, D. N. passim. handa-upphald, n. a lifting the arms, Stj. 296. handa-verk, n. pl. one’s handiwork, doings, N. G. L. i. 76, Fms. vii. 295, Stj. 198; í handaverkum eða bókfræði, 46; handaverk manna, men’s handiwork, Blas. 47; Guðs h.; ek em þín h., Sks. 610; hans h., Fms. viii. 406.

II. sing., handar-bak, n. the back of the hand, Sdm. 7. handar-gagn, n. a being ready to the hand; leggja e-t til handargagns, to lay it so as to be ready at hand, Hkr. ii, 158, 249. handar-grip, n. a measure, = spönn, Karl. 481. handar-hald, proncd. handarald, n. a handle, Fas. ii. 355. handar-jaðarr, m. the hand’s edge; in the phrase, vera undir handar-jaðri e-s, to be in one’s hands, in one’s power, Fær. 201. handar-kriki, a, m. ‘hand’s-creek,’ the arm-pit, Eg. 396, Fms. vi. 348, Sturl. ii. 37. handar-mein, n. a sore in the hand, Bs. i. 115, 187, Sturl. ii. 177. handar-stúfr, m. a ‘hand-stump,’ stump of the arm, the hand being hacked off, Fms. x. 258, xi. 119. handar-vani, a, m. maimed in hand, Hm. 70, Matth. xviii. 8. handar-veif, n., í handarveifi, in a ‘wave of the hand,’ in a moment. handar-vik, n. the hands’ reach, movement, work; lítið handarvik, a small work. handar-væni, a, m. want of hands (?), Hm. 72.

☞ For the compds in hand- see pp. 237, 238.

adv. exactly; muna i., to recollect exactly, Sks. 236; at þelta sé i. skilat, 685; skýra e-t i., 487; segja i. ( minutely) frá, Fms. x. 371, Ld. 282; marka örn á baki honum sem inniligast, nicely, exactly, Fas. ii. 292.

2. [cp. Dan. inderlig], intimately; taka vel ok i. við e-m, to receive one in a friendly way, Stj. 85: as also in mod. usage.

and inn-virðuliga, adv., qs. einvirðiliga, closely, minutely, strictly; rannsaka i., Gþl. 33; spyrja i., Stj. 215; undirstanda i., Mar.; geyma, halda i., K. Á. 202, Mar., Stj. 264; skoða i., Dipl. v. 16; sem hann hefði i. sét ok heyrt, Stj. 6; hugsa i., H. E. i. 470; telja i., 487; segja i. frá e-u, Bs. i. 9.

* * *

(kýs; kaus, køri and keyri; kusum and kurum; kosinn, kørinn), v.

1) to choose, select (valkyrjur ríða jafnan at kjósa val);

2) to desire, wish (þá kýs ek laust kaup várt);

kjósa heldr, to choose rather, prefer;

3) to elect (kjósa biskup);

4) with preps.:

kjósa e-n af fleirum, to select, choose from a number;

kjósa af, to choose (kuru þeir þá af at ganga til handa konungi);

margir kjósa ekki orð á sik, many are not so well spoken of as they may wish to be;

kjósa e-n til e-s, to select one for a thing (kjósa e-n til fylgdar við sik, til biskups);

kjósa um e-t, to choose between (kjós þúnú um tvá kosti).

* * *

pres. kýss; pret. kauss, 2nd pers. kauss þu, Gs. 8; pl. kusu; subj. kysi; part. kosinn: but also as frjósa (q. v.), pret. kjöri (köri, keyri), pl. kuru, kjöru, Fms. vi. 420, subj. kyri or keyri, part. kjörinn, keyrinn: with neg. suff. kjós-at-tu, imperat. (choose not), Hkv. Hjörv. 3: the forms kaus, kusu, kysi, kosinn are very rare in old writers, see the following references, whereas in mod. usage the forms in r are all obsolete: [Ulf. kiûsan = δοκιμάζειν, 2 Cor. viii. 8, Gal. vi. 4; A. S. ceôsan; Engl. choose; O. H. G. kiusan; Germ. kiesen, cp. kjör; Dan. kaare; Swed. kåra]:—to choose, elect, with acc. or absol.,

α. þeim mönnum er hann kjöri til með sér, Bs. i. 84; þær líf kuru, Vsp. 20; kurum land þaðra, Am. 97; segja honum hvat þeir kuru af, Fms. xi. 67; kuru þeir þat af at ganga til handa konungi, Hkr. ii. 41; keyri hann þann af er betr gegndi, Fms. i. 202, Bs. i. 37; Sigurðr konungr kjöri (kaus, Mork.) heldr leikinn, Fms. vii. 96; þeir kjöru at færa heldr fé til strandar, Fb. ii. 25; minni slægja en þeir ætluðu er keyru Þorvald til eptirmáls, Glúm. 383; skipta í helminga landi, en Magnús konungr kyri (keyri), Fms. viii. 152; eðr þrjú skip önnur þau sem hann keyri ór herinum, x. 84; þat kuru allir Birkibeinar, viii. 186; en þeir kjöru frið við Odd, Fas. ii. 190; hann spyrr hvern ek kjöra (subj.) af þeim sem komnir vóru, i. 191; þat kjöra ek (subj., I would choose) at verða konungr, ii. 233; ok nú höfu vér kjörit sem Guð kenndi oss, Fms. vii. 89; nú hafi þér þat kjörit (kosit, Fms. viii. l. c.) er mér er skapfelldra, Fb. ii. 611; at þeir höfðu keyrit í hans stað abóta, Fms. ix. 338; ok var keyrinn (kosinn, v. 1.) í hans stað sira Þórir, 412, x. 50, 98; hér hefir þú keyrit mann til, Ld. 258 C; en þeir kuru hundinn, þvíat þeir þóttusk þá heldr sjálfráði mundu vera, Hkr. i. 136; kuru heldr ( chose rather) at drepa hina, Róm. 295; kjöri hann heldr at halda görð jarls en þeir væri úsáttir, Fms. ii. 114; hann keyri heldr at leysa líf sitt, Nj. 114; allir keyru honum at fylgja, 280; þá er kjörit er handsalat er, Grág. i. 198; þetta er keyrit hyggiliga, Ld. 178; er hinn skyldr at hafa kjörit sumardag fyrsta, Grág. ii. 244: in the phrase, hafa kjörna kosti, to have the choice things; var þá dæmt, at Væringjar skyldu hafa kjörna kosti af öllu því er þeir höfðu þrætt um, Fms. vi. 137.

β. þann mann er kosinn er til veganda at lögum, Grág. ii. 41; skalt þú kjósa Kol til veganda at vígi Hjartar, Nj. 100; margir kjósa ekki orð á sik, people cannot help how they are spoken of, 142; kjósa sik í annan hrepp, Grág. i. 444; vildi Hallr bæði kjósa ok deila, Ld. 38, (see deila); þeir er ávíga urðu skyldi kjósa mann til, … at hafa annan veg kosit, … ok vildi hann þá heldr hafa annan til kosit, Glúm. 383, 384; hálfan val hón kyss, Gm. 8, 14; kjósa hlutvið, Vsp.; kjós þú (imperat.), Hm. 138; kjósa mæðr frá mögum, Fm. 12; ok kusu (kjöru, v. 1.) ina vildustu hesta, Karl. 328; hann kaus heldr brott verpa stundlegum metorðum, Mar.; þrjá kostgripi þá er hann kaus, (kjöri, v. 1.), Edda i. 394; hón bað hann kjósa hvárt heita skyldi Glúmr eða Höskuldr, Nj. 91.

II. reflex., recipr., skyldi annarr hanga en öðrum steypa í forsinn Sarp, ok bað þá kjósask at, draw lots, Hkr. iii. 302.

* * *

(kný, knýða or knúða, knúinn), v.

1) to knock; hann knúði hurðina, he knocked at the door;

2) to press, drive onward (þeir knúðu fast árar með stórum bakföllum); to push, urge on (hann gat varla fylgt henni, svá knúði hón fast reiðina);

3) refl. to struggle on, press on; því harðara er Þórr knúðist at fanginu, því fastara stóð hón, the more Thor exerted himself, the firmer she stood.

* * *

pres. knýr, pl. knýjum; pret. knýði and knúði; part. pass. knúinn: [Scot. know, knusc, = to press down with the fists and knees; Swed. knoga; Dan. knuge]:—to knock, press; tvær kistur fullar af gulli, svá at eigi máttu tveir menn meira k. (carry?), Fms. xi. 24; knýið á, ok mun fyrir yðr upp lokið verða, Matth. vii. 7; hann knúði hurðina, he knocked at the door, Fms. vi. 122; knýr hausmagi hurð, bróðir, ok knýr heldr fast, Grett. 154; eptir þat knýja þeir þar á ofan stórt grjót, Fas. ii. 508:—to press, knýr hann þá þar til er þeir segja, Bs. ii. 227; páfinn knýr hann at eiðstafnum, 52; þeir knúðu fast árar með stórum bakföllum, Fas. i. 214; hann staðfestisk fyrir hellis-dyrum, knýði fast ok kallaði, Barl. 199; kný hann fast ok mæl þetta, … ok í því er Einarr var knúinn, Fms. vi. 280.

2. esp. in poetry, to press on, urge onwards; hann gat varia fylgt henni, svá knúði hón fast reiðina, Ld. 138; knyja merki, vexilla proferre, Fms. vi. 87 (in a verse); knýja vé, id., Orkn.; skúr knýði snekkju brand frá landi, Fms. vi. 134; sverðálfr knýði lagar stóð sunnan, Ht.; þeir knýðu blá borð, Sighvat; ormr knýr unnir, Vsp. 50; Ólafr knýr Vísund (the ship) norðan, Ó. H. (in a verse); knýja bardaga = bellum gerere, Lex. Poët.; kappar knúðu hildi, Fas. ii. 276 (in a verse); knýja flótta, to press on the flying, Fms. x. 424 (, in a verse); haus knýr hjarðar vísi, Eb. (in a verse).

II. reflex. to struggle on, press on; því harðara er Þórr knúðisk at fanginu, Edda 33; knýjask þeir at víginu, Bret.; hann laust fjötrinum í jörðina ok knúðisk fast at, spyrnir við, braut fjöturinn, Edda i. 108; knýjask þeir fast, ok verðr brak mikit um þá, Grett. 107; knúðusk Baglar þá á eptir, Fb. ii. 659; ok með þessari ætlan knúðisk fram alþýðan, Fms. xi. 269; lendir menn eggjuðu lið sitt, ok knúðusk til framgöngu, Ó. H. 216.

2. part. knúinn, hard driven, hard pressed; til knúinn af þessi nauðsyn, Stj. 450; til knúinn af Guðs hálfu, Bs. ii. 38, freq. in prose.

1) long, of space and time (langt sverð, löng stund);

2) neut., langt, long, far, distant; þeir áttu eigi langt til eyjarinnar, they had no long distance to the island;

3) e-m er langt at e-m, one is interested in a person; hvat er yðr langt at þessum mönnum, what interest do you take in these men?;

4) long, wearisome (þér mun langt þykkja hér á heiðinni).

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löng, langt, adj., compar. lengri, superl. lengstr, [common to all Teut. languages]:—long, of space and time; löng sverð, Fas. i. 379; af löngu skeggi, Skálda 181; lengri hina eptri fætr, Stj.; þóat sú sé lengri, N. G. L. i. 44; þeir lifa opt langan aldr er með orðum eru vegnir, a saying = Engl. words break no bones, Nj. 252; hann fékk eigi mælt tveim orðum lengra samfast, Hkr. ii. 138; Föstudagr inn langi, Long Friday, Good Friday, passim; langt líf, Hom. 12; mjök langa hríð, Nj. 94; þá er dagr er sem lengstr, þá er nótt er sem lengst, Landn. (pref.); vili þér þiggja lengra líf, Fms. vi. 166; sigr þinn mun eigi langr vera, xi. 23; höfum vér eigi heyrt þessa sögu lengri, we have not heard this story any farther, i. e. here ends the tale, Njarð. (fine); þat er löng saga at segja, ‘tis a long story to tell, Fms. xi. 99; seint er um langan veg at spyrja tíðenda, a saying, Edda 31; endi-langr, liggja endi-langr, to lie at full length; hón lagðisk sem hón var löng hjá honum, Karl. 47: long in prosody, Skálda 175, 179.

II. neut. long, far, distant; langt á milli fjalls ok fjöru, Landn. 57; ok áttu eigi langt til eyjarinnar, Fms. i. 41; langt í brott, a long way off, far away, Stj. 195; langt mun yðr flestum til at ér veiðit svá, Ó. H. 78; fljótið var svá mikit, at langt var um úreitt, that it was impassable far beyond that, Nj. 63; hann seildisk upp svá hátt sem hann mátti lengst, Edda 33; svá langt vestr, at engi hefir síðan lengra eignask, Landn. 41; lið kom vel til hans ór héruðum, en fátt kom um lengra, Fms. iv. 385; þvíat þeir ætluðu ekki lengra í kveld en til Höfðabrekku, Nj. 252; ok þurfti þar eigi lengra at grafa til vatns en í djúpum dölum, Edda (pref.); langt mun í milli vera lítilmennsku minnar ok þess hins mikla áhuga er þér býr í brjósti, Fms. iv. 80: in the saying, leita langt um skammt, cp. Lat. quod petis hic est, Nj. 207.

III. adverbial phrases; of langt, far off, þá sá hann of langt krossinn, 656 B. 5; langt frá, far from it! langt-um, by far; langtum betra, better by far.

2. löngu or laungu, long since; sá ek þetta löngu á hans yfirbragði, Fms. i. 141; svá sem ek sagða yðr löngu, 139; sem mér sagði löngu hugr um, Nj. 191; mjök löngu, very long ago, Sks. 117; seg oss ný tíðendi, löngu fundumsk vit næst, we have not seen one another for an age, Bjarn. 15: fyrir löngu, long ago; þat vissa ek fyrir löngu at ek var vel kvæntr, Gísl. 69; hann hafði tekinn verit ór jörðu fyrir löngu áðr, Fms. i. 51: löngum, long, mostly, continuously; Eirekr var löngum með föður sínum, 6; hón var löngum um nætr á kirkju at bænum sínum, Ld. 328; en þó löngum ( mostly) vel stiltr, Nj. 38; þeir vóru samflota, svá at hvárir vissu löngum til annarra, Eg. 126: compar. lengrum, longer; lengrum en lög stóðu til, Fms. xi. 99; þeir skolu skipta vikum eða smærum, ok eigu þeir at ráða er lengrum vilja skipta, Grág. ii. 350: superl. lengstum, mostly, most of the time; höfuðborg sú er Geira sat í lengstum, Fms. i. 101; hann var þó lengstum at Grjótá, Nj. 135; gamanmál er þit munut lengstum um tala, Ld. 306.

IV. metaph. longing, taking interest in; hvat er yðr langt at þessum mönnum, hvárt mægð eðr frændsemi, what interest take you in these men? Fms. ii. 211; hann lét eigi ráða, hvárt menn vóru tignir eða útignir, eðr honum mikit at langt eða lítið, Rb. 364.

2. neut. long, weary; langt þykki mér, ligg ek einn saman, Eg. (in a verse); þat vil ek, at þú komir til heimkynna minna, þvíat þér mun langt þykkja hér á heiðinni, Grett. 130 new Ed.

V. in many local names, Lang-ey, Langa-nes, Langa-hlíð, Langa-land (the Danish island), etc., Landn.; see below.

B. COMPDS: langabein, langabúr, langidjákn, Langafasta, Langifrjádagr, Langaspjót, langatöng.

II. lang-afi, a, m. a great grandfather. lang-amma, u, f. a great grandmother; langömmu-bróðir, -systir, a great granduncle, aunt. lang-áss, m. a purlin, opp. to þvertré, Fms. ix. 512. lang-bakki, a, m. (see bakki 2); in the phrase, skjóta í langbakka, to stave off for a long time, Fms. x. 132. lang-band, n. the purlin along the roof in a house. lang-barðr, m. a halberd, Hkm. 7; Edda (Gl.) reckons it amongst swords: name of a serpent, Edda (Gl.) Lang-barðar, m. pl. the Lombards, either from their beard (barð) or battle axe (barða), Skv. 3, Greg. 63. Langbarða-land, n. Lombardy, Mart. lang-bein, n. = langabein, a nickname, Ann. lang-bekkr, m. a long bench, bench lengthways, opp. to þverbekkr, Fms. vi. 193, Sturl. i. 142, iii. 182. Lang-brók, f. ‘Long-breek,’ nickname of a lady on account of her tall stature, Nj. lang-eldar, m. pl. long fires (see eldr II), Eb. 276, Nj. 15, Korm. 144. lang-ermar, f. pl. long sleeves, Fms. vii. 321. lang-feðgar, m. pl. agnate-forefathers, ancestors by the father’s side, counted upwards, Hkr. i. 1, Eg. 2, Nj. 158. langfeðga-kyn, n. the lineage of langfeðgar, Hkr. i. 14. langfeðga-nöfn, n. pl. the name of one’s langfeðgar, Edda 153 (pref.) langfeðga-tal, n. a tale or roll of langfeðgar, agnate pedigree, Eg. 536: the name of an old historical work containing ancient pedigrees of kings, Hkr. i. (pref.) langfeðga-tala, u, f. = langfeðgatal, Nj. 25. langfeðga-ætt, f. = langfeðgakyn, Fms. x. 158. lang-feðgin, n. pl. ancestors, agnate and cognate. lang-feðr, m. pl. = langfeðgar, and langfeðra-tal, n. = langfeðgatal, Gþl. 284, Stj. 331, Fagrsk. 151, Hom. 46. lang-feðri, n. = langfeðgar, Landn. 167. lang-ferð, f. a long journey, Sturl. ii. 185, Fs. 51, Bs. ii. 162. langferða-maðr, m. one who ‘fares’ far, a far traveller, Fs. lang-frami, a, m. lasting fame, Orkn. 466, Fb. ii. 513, Mar.; á langframann, mod. til langframa, adverb. for good, Rétt, 4. 25. lang-fættr, adj. long-legged, Stj. 276. lang-för, f. = langferð, Eb. 298. lang-gæði, n. long-lasting, corrupt from langæð. lang-gæðr and langæðligr, adj. a later and inferior form for langær, langæligr, Bs. i. 62, Fas. iii. 57. lang-háls, m. long-neck, a nickname, Landn. lang-hálsaðr, adj. long-necked, Njarð. 364. lang-hendr, adj. with long hands, Ld. 298. Lang-hlíðingar, m. pl. the men from Langahlíð, Sturl. lang-húfr, m. long-hulk, name of a ship, Bs. lang-húsa, að, to run, in a pun (langhús = rann), Krók. 63, 64. lang-hyggja, u, f. long-suffering, Barl. 42. lang-höfðaðr, adj. long-beaked, of a ship, Hkv. 1. 24. lang-höfði, a, m. a nickname, Sturl. lang-knakkr, m. a kind of bench, Finnb. 310. lang-lega, u, f. a long stay, of a weatherbound ship, Fms. ix. 296; as also of long sickness in bed. lang-leggr, m. the long leg, bone of a leg of mutton, Bárð. 176, Háv. 40. langleggjar-stykki, n. a leg of mutton, Háv. 40. lang-leiði, n. lengthwise; langleiði sín á milli, at a long distance, Stj. 73, Eg. 579. lang-leikr, m. length, Stj. 346. lang-leitr, adj. long-faced, Fms. i. 155, ii. 20, vii. 175, 321, Þiðr. 174, Bs. i. 72. lang-liðit, n. part. after a long time, Bs. ii. 133. lang-liga, adv. for a long time past, = mod. langalengi, Js. 24, Sturl. iii. 297, Fas. ii. 268. lang-lífi, n. long life, Fms. vii. 73, K. Þ. K. 60. lang-lífr, adj. long-lived, Fs., Fms. iii. 173. lang-loka, u, f. ‘long-lock,’ a kind of eight-lined verse in which the first and the last line make a sentence, whilst the six between them are intercalary, of which Edda (Ht.) 14 furnishes a specimen: in mod. usage langloka is a poem not divided into strophes, for specimens of which see Snót 72, 215. lang-lund, f. long-suffering, langlundar-geð, n. id. lang-minni, n. a long memory. lang-minnigr, adj. having a long memory, Nj. 30, v. l.: long to be remembered, Pr. 158. lang-mælgi, f. long-winded talk, Fms. v. 225. lang-mæli, n. long talk, Hom. 125, Bs. ii. 117. lang-mæltr, part. long-spoken, long-winded, Sks. 316, Hom. (St.) lang-nefjaðr, adj. long-nosed, Sturl. ii. 133, iii. 105. lang-nefjur, f. pl. rowlocks, Edda (Gl.) lang-nefr, m. long-nose, a nickname, Sturl. lang-niðjar, m. pl. a descending lineage by the father’s side, pedigree of agnates, counted downwards, Vsp. 16; opp. to landfeðgar when counted upwards in time. lang-nætti, n. the long night, Fr. lang-orf, n. a long handle of a scythe, Korm. 38, Sturl. i. 180, Sks. 358. lang-pallr, m. a dais along (not across) the hall, Fms. vi. 439. lang-reið, f. a long ride, Vígl. 61. lang-ræða, u, f. a long talk, Fms. ix. 252. lang-ræðr, part. long-spoken, long-winded, Sks. 316. lang-ræki, n. rancour, an unforgiving temper, N. G. L. ii. 417, Hom. 33, 143. lang-rækr, adj. having a long memory, brooding long over past wrongs, Anal. 171, Eb. 42, Bret. 92, Þiðr. 181, Fas. iii. 520. lang-samlega, adv. incessantly. lang-seta, u, f. a long stay, Vm. 113. lang-setis, adv. lengthways, lang-skepta, u, f. a long-shafted spear, Karl. 405. lang-skeptr, part. long-shafted, Sks. 388, Fs. 64. lang-skip, n. a long ship, a kind of large ancient ship of war, distinguished from the lesser skeið, both being distinguished from the merchant’s knörr (cp. Gr. ναυς μακρα, Lat. longa navis), Hkv. 2. 11, Ó. H., Fms. passim, Eg. 37, 42; langskips mastr, rá, segl, a mast, yard, sail of a long ship, Sturl. i. 194, Eg. 198, 515, Fms. vii. 30, passim. langskipa-görð, f. building of a langskip, Gþl. 121. langskips-búza, u, f. = langskip, Hkr. ii. 143. langskips-menn, m. pl. the crew of a long ship, Fms. ii. 16, Fs. 92. lang-skör, f. the lower hem of a tent, Fas. i. 372. lang-staðinn, part. of old date, long-standing, Lv. 77. lang-stóll, m. a long seat, Vm. 7, Fas. i. 84. lang-stræti, n. a long street, Fms. viii. 319. lang-sýnn, adj. far-sighted, Fas. i. 157. lang-sæi, f. a far sight, Edda i. 544. lang-sær, adj. long-sighted, prophetic, Lv. 81. lang-talaðr, part. long-spoken, Fms. i. 288. lang-úðigr, adj. = langrækinn, Hkr. iii. 252. lang-vari, a, m.; til langvara, to last long, Njarð. 376. lang-vaxinn, part. longish, Fms. ii. 59. lang-vé, mod. lang-vía, u, f. a bird, columbus troile, Edda (Gl.) lang-viðir, m. pl. the long timbers in a house or ship, N. G. L. i. 65, 100, Hom. 95. lang-viðri, n. pl. long-continued weather, heat, cold, or the like; langviðrum skal eyða grund, Mkv. 24; cp. Ísland eyðist af langviðrum ok lagaleysi, Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 438. lang-vinnr, adj. long-lasting, of sickness, bad weather, or the like. lang-vinr, m. a friend of long standing, Hm. 157, Fas. ii. 64, Bárð. 173; langvinirnir rjúfask sízt, a saying, Grett. 184 new Ed. lang-vist, f. a long abode, Hom. 9, Fr.: adv. langvistum, staying long, Fbr. 33, Fms. vii. 112, Eg. 227, Fs. 149. lang-vængr, m. long wing (?), Vm. 27. lang-þili, n. the wainscot lengthwise, opp. to þverþili, Gþl. 346. lang-æð, f. long-lasting; til langæðar eða fullnaðar, Bs. i. 740, Ant. 112. lang-æliga, adv. for a long time, Sturl. ii. 186, MS. 625. 77. lang-æligr, adj. long-lasting, Stj. 47, Fas. i. 171, Bs. i. 311. lang-ær, adj. [langr and æ = ever, or akin to Germ. ew, ewig], long-lasting; langætt musteri, MS. 677. 6: vegsama föður þinn ok móður, svá at þú sért langær yfir jörðinni, Stj. 301 (Fifth Commandment); hverr eldrinn mun vera heitari ok langærri, Fms. vii. 37; má vera at sigrinn verði ekki langær, ii. 10; at langær friðr standi í þessu landi, Bs. i. 572.