sŭper-sĕro

super-sero, sēvī, ere, darüberhin säen, Eccl.

con-sĕro, sēvi, sĭtum or sătum, 3, v. a. ( perf. conseruerit, Col. 3, 4, 2; Aur. Vict. Epit. 37, 3; Dig. 6, 1, 38; v. 1. sero).

To sow or plant with something (class.).

Lit.:

agros,

Cic. N. D. 2, 52, 130; Verg. E. 1, 73; Cato, R. R. 6, 1; Dig. 7, 1, 9, § 6; cf.:

ager diligenter consitus,

Cic. Sen. 17, 59:

ager arbustis consitus,

Sall. J. 53, 1; and:

consitus an incultus (locus),

Quint. 5, 10, 37:

Ismara Baccho (i. e. vino),

Verg. G. 2, 38:

vineam malleolo,

Col. 5, 5, 6:

arva frumento,

Curt. 7, 4, 26.— Absol.:

in alieno fundo,

Dig. 6, 1, 38:

in alienum fundum,

ib. 41, 1, 9.—

Transf.:

arva mūliebria (Venus),

Lucr. 4, 1107; cf. Sol. 9 fin. —Hence, conserentes dii, who preside over generation, Arn. 5, 169.—

Transf., of columns, to plant, set:

aera (rostra) columnis consita,

Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 49.—

Trop.:

(sol) lumine conserit arva,

strews, fills, Lucr. 2, 211: consitus sum Senectute, * Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 4: caeca mentem caligine Theseus consitus, * Cat. 64, 208.—

To sow, plant:

olivetum,

Varr. R. R. 1, 24:

hoc genus oleae,

Cato, R. R. 6, 1:

arborem,

Liv. 10, 24, 5; Curt. 6, 5, 14; 7, 2, 22:

zizyphum,

Pall. Apr. 4:

palmas,

id. Oct. 12:

(vitem) Narbonicam,

Plin. 14, 3, 4, § 43; Cato ap. Plin. 14, 4, 5, § 46.—

Transf. (cf. I. B. supra): extra vallum stili caeci, mirabilem in modum consiti, set, Auct. B. Afr. 31.

con-sĕro, sĕrŭi, sertum, 3 ( perf. consevisti, Fronto, Ep. ad Ver. 8), v. a., to connect, entwine, tie, join, fit, bind into a whole (syn.: conecto, conjungo, contexo, etc.; class. in prose and poetry; most freq. in the signif. II. B., and in the histt.).

In gen.

Lit.

With acc. with or without abl.:

lorica conserta hamis auroque,

Verg. A. 3, 467; cf.:

tegumen spinis,

id. ib. 3, 594 (illigatum spinis, Serv.); cf. Tac. G. 17: monile margaritis gemmisque, * Suet. Galb. 18:

vincula, quīs conserta erant vehicula,

Curt. 9, 1, 17; cf.:

conserta navigia,

entangled, id. 4, 3, 18:

scutis super capita consertis,

overlapping, id. 5, 3, 23:

rudis arbor conseritur (for navigating),

Luc. 3, 512; cf. id. 4, 136.—

With acc. and dat.:

alium (truncum) alii quasi nexu conserunt,

Curt. 6, 5, 15.—

Trop.:

quid juvat nocti conseruisse diem?

Ov. Am. 3, 6, 10:

exodia conserta fabellis Atellanis,

Liv. 7, 2, 11;

v. exodium: virtutes consertae et inter se cohaerentes,

Sen. Ep. 90, 3: ita ordo rerum tribus momentis consertus est, * Quint. 5, 10, 71:

sermonem,

to interchange words, converse, Curt. 8, 12, 5; Fronto l. l.—

In partic.

To join, connect, unite together:

teneros sinus,

Tib. 1, 8, 36:

femur femori,

id. 1, 8, 26; cf.:

latus lateri,

Ov. H. 2, 58.—

Esp., to unite in hostility, for contest, to bring together; so most freq. manum or manus, to engage in close combat, to join hand to hand, to join battle:

signa contulit, manum conseruit, magnas copias hostium fudit,

Cic. Mur. 9, 20; so Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3; Sall. J. 50, 4; Nep. Dat. 8, 4; id. Ages. 3, 6; Liv. 21, 41, 4 al.:

manum cum hoste,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Müll.; Cic. Att. 7, 20, 1; Nep. Hann. 4, 2:

manus inter se,

Sall. H. 1, 41, 19 Dietsch; Liv. 7, 40, 14; Ov. H. 12, 100:

manus cum imparibus,

Liv. 6, 12, 8:

cum hoste manus,

id. 21, 39, 3:

consertis deinde manibus,

id. 1, 25, 5:

dextras,

Stat. S. 1, 6, 60:

pugnam,

Liv. 21, 50, 1; cf. id. 21, 8, 7; Tac. A. 2, 10:

pugnam inter se,

Liv. 32, 10, 8:

pugnam seni,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 43:

proelia,

Verg. A. 2, 398; Liv. 5, 36, 5; Curt. 8, 13, 12:

certamen,

Liv. 35, 4, 2:

bella,

Val. Fl. 3, 31:

bella bellis,

Luc. 2, 442:

acies,

Sil. 1, 339; cf.:

conserta acies,

hand-to-hand fighting, Tac. A. 6, 35.— Mid.:

navis conseritur,

enters the fight, Liv. 21, 50, 3:

duo acerrimā pugnā conserti exercitus,

Val. Max. 3, 2, 1.—Rarely absol.:

levis armatura ab lateribus cum levi armaturā,

Liv. 44, 4, 6.—

Trop.:

haud ignotas belli artes inter se conserebant,

Liv. 21, 1, 2.—

Transf., of judicial controversy: manum in jure or ex jure conserere, to make a joint seizure (this was done by the litigant parties laying hands at the same time upon the thing in dispute, each one claiming it as his own): si qui in jure manum conserunt, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 10, 7: non ex jure manum consertum sed mage ferro rem repetunt, Enn. ib. § 4 (Ann. v. 276 Vahl.); cf. also Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Müll., and Cic. Fam. 7, 13, 2: ibi ego te ex jure manum consertum voco, etc., I summon you in an action for possession, etc., a judic. formula in Cic. Mur. 12, 26; id. de Or. 1, 10, 41.—Hence, * con-sertē, adv., from consertus, a, um (acc. to I. A.), not used as P. a., as if bound or fastened together, in connection:

omnia necesse est conligatione naturali conserte contexteque fieri,

Cic. Fat. 14, 32.

con-sĕro, sēvi, sĭtum or sătum, 3, v. a. ( perf. conseruerit, Col. 3, 4, 2; Aur. Vict. Epit. 37, 3; Dig. 6, 1, 38; v. 1. sero).

To sow or plant with something (class.).

Lit.:

agros,

Cic. N. D. 2, 52, 130; Verg. E. 1, 73; Cato, R. R. 6, 1; Dig. 7, 1, 9, § 6; cf.:

ager diligenter consitus,

Cic. Sen. 17, 59:

ager arbustis consitus,

Sall. J. 53, 1; and:

consitus an incultus (locus),

Quint. 5, 10, 37:

Ismara Baccho (i. e. vino),

Verg. G. 2, 38:

vineam malleolo,

Col. 5, 5, 6:

arva frumento,

Curt. 7, 4, 26.— Absol.:

in alieno fundo,

Dig. 6, 1, 38:

in alienum fundum,

ib. 41, 1, 9.—

Transf.:

arva mūliebria (Venus),

Lucr. 4, 1107; cf. Sol. 9 fin. —Hence, conserentes dii, who preside over generation, Arn. 5, 169.—

Transf., of columns, to plant, set:

aera (rostra) columnis consita,

Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 49.—

Trop.:

(sol) lumine conserit arva,

strews, fills, Lucr. 2, 211: consitus sum Senectute, * Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 4: caeca mentem caligine Theseus consitus, * Cat. 64, 208.—

To sow, plant:

olivetum,

Varr. R. R. 1, 24:

hoc genus oleae,

Cato, R. R. 6, 1:

arborem,

Liv. 10, 24, 5; Curt. 6, 5, 14; 7, 2, 22:

zizyphum,

Pall. Apr. 4:

palmas,

id. Oct. 12:

(vitem) Narbonicam,

Plin. 14, 3, 4, § 43; Cato ap. Plin. 14, 4, 5, § 46.—

Transf. (cf. I. B. supra): extra vallum stili caeci, mirabilem in modum consiti, set, Auct. B. Afr. 31.

con-sĕro, sĕrŭi, sertum, 3 ( perf. consevisti, Fronto, Ep. ad Ver. 8), v. a., to connect, entwine, tie, join, fit, bind into a whole (syn.: conecto, conjungo, contexo, etc.; class. in prose and poetry; most freq. in the signif. II. B., and in the histt.).

In gen.

Lit.

With acc. with or without abl.:

lorica conserta hamis auroque,

Verg. A. 3, 467; cf.:

tegumen spinis,

id. ib. 3, 594 (illigatum spinis, Serv.); cf. Tac. G. 17: monile margaritis gemmisque, * Suet. Galb. 18:

vincula, quīs conserta erant vehicula,

Curt. 9, 1, 17; cf.:

conserta navigia,

entangled, id. 4, 3, 18:

scutis super capita consertis,

overlapping, id. 5, 3, 23:

rudis arbor conseritur (for navigating),

Luc. 3, 512; cf. id. 4, 136.—

With acc. and dat.:

alium (truncum) alii quasi nexu conserunt,

Curt. 6, 5, 15.—

Trop.:

quid juvat nocti conseruisse diem?

Ov. Am. 3, 6, 10:

exodia conserta fabellis Atellanis,

Liv. 7, 2, 11;

v. exodium: virtutes consertae et inter se cohaerentes,

Sen. Ep. 90, 3: ita ordo rerum tribus momentis consertus est, * Quint. 5, 10, 71:

sermonem,

to interchange words, converse, Curt. 8, 12, 5; Fronto l. l.—

In partic.

To join, connect, unite together:

teneros sinus,

Tib. 1, 8, 36:

femur femori,

id. 1, 8, 26; cf.:

latus lateri,

Ov. H. 2, 58.—

Esp., to unite in hostility, for contest, to bring together; so most freq. manum or manus, to engage in close combat, to join hand to hand, to join battle:

signa contulit, manum conseruit, magnas copias hostium fudit,

Cic. Mur. 9, 20; so Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3; Sall. J. 50, 4; Nep. Dat. 8, 4; id. Ages. 3, 6; Liv. 21, 41, 4 al.:

manum cum hoste,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Müll.; Cic. Att. 7, 20, 1; Nep. Hann. 4, 2:

manus inter se,

Sall. H. 1, 41, 19 Dietsch; Liv. 7, 40, 14; Ov. H. 12, 100:

manus cum imparibus,

Liv. 6, 12, 8:

cum hoste manus,

id. 21, 39, 3:

consertis deinde manibus,

id. 1, 25, 5:

dextras,

Stat. S. 1, 6, 60:

pugnam,

Liv. 21, 50, 1; cf. id. 21, 8, 7; Tac. A. 2, 10:

pugnam inter se,

Liv. 32, 10, 8:

pugnam seni,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 43:

proelia,

Verg. A. 2, 398; Liv. 5, 36, 5; Curt. 8, 13, 12:

certamen,

Liv. 35, 4, 2:

bella,

Val. Fl. 3, 31:

bella bellis,

Luc. 2, 442:

acies,

Sil. 1, 339; cf.:

conserta acies,

hand-to-hand fighting, Tac. A. 6, 35.— Mid.:

navis conseritur,

enters the fight, Liv. 21, 50, 3:

duo acerrimā pugnā conserti exercitus,

Val. Max. 3, 2, 1.—Rarely absol.:

levis armatura ab lateribus cum levi armaturā,

Liv. 44, 4, 6.—

Trop.:

haud ignotas belli artes inter se conserebant,

Liv. 21, 1, 2.—

Transf., of judicial controversy: manum in jure or ex jure conserere, to make a joint seizure (this was done by the litigant parties laying hands at the same time upon the thing in dispute, each one claiming it as his own): si qui in jure manum conserunt, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 10, 7: non ex jure manum consertum sed mage ferro rem repetunt, Enn. ib. § 4 (Ann. v. 276 Vahl.); cf. also Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Müll., and Cic. Fam. 7, 13, 2: ibi ego te ex jure manum consertum voco, etc., I summon you in an action for possession, etc., a judic. formula in Cic. Mur. 12, 26; id. de Or. 1, 10, 41.—Hence, * con-sertē, adv., from consertus, a, um (acc. to I. A.), not used as P. a., as if bound or fastened together, in connection:

omnia necesse est conligatione naturali conserte contexteque fieri,

Cic. Fat. 14, 32.

1) обсеменять, засевать (agros Cato, C etc.; arva frumento QC); оплодотворять ( muliebria arva Lcr)

2) сажать ( arborem L)

1) соединять, сплетать

2) сшивать ( avium plumas in usum vestis Sen); застёгивать ( sagum fibulā T)

3) юр.

1. cōn-sero, sēvī, situm ( selten satum), ere, I) besäen, bepflanzen, bestecken, a) eig.: agrum, agros, Cato, Cic. u.a.: locus consitus (Ggstz. incultus), Quint.: ager diligenter consitus, Cic. – c. arva frumento, Curt.: agrum lupino vel fabā, Col.: agrum oliveto, Varr.: hortum omni genere ligni arborumque, Lact.: quae mitiora sunt frumento conseruntur, Curt.: ager arbustis consitus, Sall.: insula palmis frequentibus consita, Curt.: regio consita pomis, Salv.: poet., aera (= rostra) columnis consita, besetzt, Claud. – im Bilde, c. muliebria arva (v. der Venus), Lucr. 4, 1099: cum se coitu draconis consatam (befruchtet, geschwängert) affirmaret, Solin. 9, 18 M.: di conserentes, die der Schwängerung vorstehenden, Arnob. 5, 18. – b) poet. übtr.: lumine arva, bestreuen, bedecken (v. der Sonne), Lucr.: caecā mentem caligine consitus, beschwert, belästigt, Catull.: consitus sum senectute, beladen, Plaut. – II) einsäen, einpflanzen, einsetzen, arbusta, Varro: arborem, Liv.: pomus consita, Tibull.: in eodem fundo suum quicquid, Cato: vineam in agro, Cato: nemora manu consita, Curt. – stili caeci mirabilem in modum consiti, Auct. b. Afr. 31, 7. – absol., c. in alieno fundo u. in alienum fundum, eine Saat od. Pflanzung machen, ICt.: u. Partiz. subst., cōnsita, ōrum, n., das Gesäte, Gepflanzte, ICt. – ⇒ Wegen der Verwechslung von consevi u.

————

conserui s. 2. consero a. E.

————————

2. cōn-sero, seruī, sertum, ere, zusammen- od. aneinander reihen, zusammen- od. aneinander ketten, -knüpfen, eins ans andere anreihen, anknüpfen, eins mit dem andern reihend verknüpfen, oft m. inter se od. m. bl. Dat., I) im allg.: a) zwei oder mehrere Dinge miteinander, α) eig.: avium plumas in usum vestis, Sen.: ille consertis manibus (mit verschlungenen Händen) in se redeuntium (Gratiarum) chorus, Sen.: navigia, Curt.: scuta super capita, Curt.: rudis arbos conseritur (zu Schiffen), Lucan. – m. Abl., vehicula vinculis, Curt.: pellis aënis squamis auro conserta, mit ehernen Schuppen verziert und goldenen Spangen befestigt, Verg. Aen. 11, 771. – m. inter se, zB. extremae partes corporis, quae articulis inter se conseruntur, Cels.: transverberatis scutis plerique inter se conserti (aneinandergeheftet) haerebant, Liv. – m. Dat., alium (truncum) alii quasi nexu c., Curt.: vir viro, armis arma conserta sunt (v. der Phalanx), Curt. – β) übtr.: c. sermonem, gegenseitig anknüpfen, Curt.: libenter sermonem, Fronto: cantus et verba medentia, Stat. – virtutes consertae et inter se cohaerentes, Sen. – m. Dat., exodia c. fabellis potissimum Atellanis, Liv.: c. noctem diei, Ov. – b) einen Ggstd. in seinen Teilen, gew. im Partiz. Perf. m. Abl. (mit, aus), α) eig., teils übh. = zusammenheften, tegumen omnibus sagum fibulā aut, si desit, spinā con-

————

sertum, Tac. – bes. zerrissene, zerlumpte Gewänder, consertum tegumen spinis, Verg.: spinis conserto tegmine nullis, Ov. – teils prägn., neu aus einzelnen Teilen od. Gliedern usw. zusammenfügen, zusammenketten, ex vimine silvestri catenas conseruit, Frontin.: id tegumen (cataphracta) ferreis laminis aut praeduro corio consertum, Tac.: lorica conserta hamis auroque trilix, Kettenpanzer aus dreifachem Golddrahte, Verg. (vgl. Nep. Iph. 1, 4 loricae sertae atque aeneae): monile consertum margaritis gemmisque, Suet. – β) übtr.: ordo rerum tribus momentis consertus, Quint. 5, 10, 71.

II) insbes.: 1) die Glieder liebend anschmiegen, anschließen, sinus teneros, Tibull. – m. Dat., femur femori, Tibull.: latus lateri, Ov. – 2) feindl. zusammen-, aneinander bringen, a) als milit. t. t., zunächst in der Verbindung c. manum od. manus, handgemein werden, den Kampf od. das Treffen beginnen, sich in einen Kampf od. in ein Treffen einlassen, v. Zweikampf u. v. der Schlacht, Cic., Caes. u. Liv.: u. so c. manum od. manus cum alqo, Cic. u. Liv.: manus inter se, Sall. fr. u. Liv.: manus comminus, Liv. (vgl. übh. Drak. Liv. 6, 42, 5 u. 25, 34, 8. Fabri Liv. 21, 39, 3): manus comminus conserta, Zweikampf, Fronto de fer. Als. 3. p. 226 N.: poet., c. dextras, Stat. silv. 1, 6, 60. – u. dem analog c. pugnam, Liv.: u. so pugnam cum alqo od. inter se, Liv.:

————

pugnam alci, Plaut.: pugnam comminus, Curt., ex propinquo, Liv. (vgl. übh. Drak. Liv. 21, 8, 7). – c. certamen, Liv. 35, 4, 2. – c. proelium, Liv.: ibi levia proelia, Curt.: multa proelia, Verg.: proelium comminus, Liv.: proelium in sinistro cornu, Liv.: proelium simul pluribus locis conseritur, Liv. (vgl. übh. Drak. Liv. 21, 8, 7). – c. bella, Val. Flacc. 3, 31: bella bellis, Lucan. 2, 442. – c. acies, Sil. 1, 339: dah. acies conserta, ein förmliches Gefecht in der Nähe, Nahgefecht, Tac. ann. 6, 35. – u. navis conseritur, läßt sich in ein Gefecht ein, Liv. 21, 50, 3. – u. so duo acerrimā pugnā conserti exercitus, Val. Max. 3, 2, 1. – u. absol., conserere cum levi armatura, Liv. 44, 4, 6. – übtr., haud ignotas belli artes inter sese c., gegeneinander auftreten mit usw., Liv. 21, 1, 2. – b) als gerichtl. t. t., in iure od. ex iure manum c., einen Eigentumsprozeß durch Handanlegung an die strittige Sache von seiten beider Parteien eröffnen, XII tabb. bei Gell. 20, 10, 8. Enn. ann. 276. – u. so alqm ex iure manum consertum vocare, zur Eröffnung eines Eigentumsprozesses durch Handanlegung usw. vorladen, alte Formel bei Cic. Mur. 26; de or. 1, 41. Varr. LL. 6, 64. – ⇒ Liv. 10, 24, 5 wird statt des handschriftlichen conseruisti jetzt consevisti gelesen; doch Col. 3, 4, 2 steht noch conseruerit statt conseverit; Aur. Vict. epit. 37, 3 noch vineis conseruit st. consevit: Cels. dig. 6, 1, 38 ed. Momms. noch

————

conseruisti st. consevisti; dagegen steht umgekehrt bei Fronto ep. ad Ver. 2, 8. p. 136, 24 N. consevisti statt conseruisti.

1. sub-sero, ere, nachsäen, nachpflanzen, dazupflanzen, Colum. u. ICt.

————————

2. sub-sero (seruī), sertum, ere, darunterstecken, - tun, Apul. met. 7, 28: luna non numquam ferienti se subicit lanci, Amm. 20, 3, 8. – übtr., per arcanos susurros nutrimenta fictis criminibus, neue Nahrung geben, Amm. 14, 11, 3: super hoc Eutherio pauca, noch einiges weiter erwähnen, Amm. 16, 7, 4: u. so m. folg. Acc. u. Infin. = zu verstehen geben, Amm. 16, 2, 4.

dis-sĕro, sēvi (serui, poet. ap. Macr. S. 2, 14, 12), sĭtum, 3, v. a., to scatter seed, to sow here and there, to sow (rare):

Caeciliana (lactuca) mense Januario recte disseritur,

Col. 11, 3, 26:

semina in areolas,

id. 11, 2, 30; cf.:

res in arcas (olitor),

Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Müll.:

dissita pars animae per totum corpus,

Lucr. 3, 143; cf. id. ib. 377; 4, 888.—

To fix in the earth at intervals, to plant here and there:

taleae mediocribus intermissis spatiis disserebantur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 73 fin.

dis-sĕro, rŭi, rtum ( part. perf. disserta, first in Hier. in Isa. 4, 11; class. form dĭsertus, as a P. a., is very freq.; v. under P. a.), 3, v. a.— Lit., to set forth in order, arrange distinctly; hence, to examine, argue, discuss; or (more freq.) to speak, discourse, treat of a thing (good prose and very freq., esp. in Cic. and Quint.—cf.: disputo, discepto).

With acc. (so in Cic., and usually only with pronouns, but in Tac. also freq. with nominal subjects):

idonea mihi Laelii persona visa est, quae de amicitia ea ipsa dissereret, quae disputata ab eo meminisset Scaevola,

Cic. Lael. 1, 4; cf. id. de Sen. 21, 78:

nihil de ea re,

Tac. A. 1, 6:

seditiosa de aliqua re,

id. ib. 3, 40:

permulta de eloquentia cum Antonio,

Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 13; cf.:

haec cum ipsis philosophis,

id. ib. 1, 13, 57:

quae inter me et Scipionem de amicitia disserebantur,

id. Lael. 10, 33:

qui haec nuper disserere coeperunt, cum corporibus simul animos interire,

id. ib. 4, 13:

haec subtilius,

id. ib. 5, 18:

aliquid pluribus verbis in senatu,

id. Fam. 12, 7; cf. Sall. J. 30 fin.:

ea, quae disputavi,

Cic. N. D. 3, 40, 95; cf. id. Fat. 5; id. Tusc. 1, 11, 23:

ea lege, qua credo omnibus in rebus disserendis utendum esse,

id. Rep. 1, 24:

pauci bona libertatis incassum disserere,

Tac. A. 1, 4; cf. id. ib. 6, 34; id. H. 3, 81:

cujus negotii initium, ordinem, finem curatius disseram,

id. A. 2, 27; cf. id. H. 2, 2 fin.:

paucis instituta majorum domi militiaeque, quomodo rem publicam habuerint, etc., disserere,

Sall. C. 5 fin. Kritz.; for the latter constr. with a rel. clause, cf. Quint. praef. § 22, and 1, 10, 22; and with acc. and inf.:

malunt disserere, nihil esse in auspiciis, quam quid sit ediscere,

Cic. Div. 1, 47, 105; id. Fin. 4, 1, 2 al.—

With de:

Scipio triduum disseruit de re publica,

Cic. Lael. 4, 14; so id. Rep. 1, 23 fin. et saep.; cf.

also: consuetudo de omnibus rebus in contrarias partes disserendi,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 3, 9:

de Scripturis,

Vulg. Act. 17, 2 et saep.— Pass. impers.:

ut inter quos disseritur, conveniat, quid sit id, de quo disseratur,

Cic. Fin. 2, 1 fin. —Less freq. for de, super aliqua re, Gell. 19, 1, 19.—

Absol.:

ut memini Catonem anno ante quam est mortuus mecum et cum Scipione disserere,

Cic. Lael. 3, 11; so,

cum aliquo,

id. Rep. 1, 21:

ita disseruit: duas esse vias, etc.,

id. Tusc. 1, 30:

in disserendo rudes,

id. Rep. 1, 8; cf. id. ib. 3, 16; Quint. 12, 1, 35; 12, 2, 25 al.:

causa disserendi,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 3 fin.:

ratio disserendi,

id. Fat. 1; cf. id. Fin. 1, 7; id. Ac. 1, 8, 30; and:

ars bene disserendi,

id. de Or. 2, 38:

adhibita disserendi elegantia,

id. ib. 2, 2 fin.; cf.:

disserendi subtilitas,

id. de Or. 1, 15, 68 et saep. —Hence, dĭsertus, a, um (for dissertus. Cf.:

difficultas laborque discendi disertam negligentiam reddidit. Malunt enim disserere, nihil esse in auspiciis, quam quid sit ediscere,

Cic. Div. 1, 47, 105; and: disertus a disserendo dictus, Paul. ex Fest. p. 72, 15), P. a., skilful in speaking on a subject; clear, methodical in speaking; well-spoken, fluent (less than eloquens, eloquent:

disertos cognosse me nonnullos, eloquentem adhuc neminem, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 1, 21; and id. Or. 5, 18; cf. also: facundus, loquax, dicax).

Prop.:

disertorum oratione delenitus... utilitates non a sapientibus et fortibus viris sed a disertis et ornate dicentibus esse constitutae,

Cic. de Or. 1, 9, 36; cf. id. Phil. 2, 39 fin.; id. Rep. 1, 3; Quint. 2, 3, 7 et saep.; Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 19; id. A. P. 370; Ov. M. 13, 228; id. Tr. 3, 11, 21; Mart. 9, 12, 16 et saep.—Cf. also, ora, Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 20; and poet., Arpi, because within its limits Cicero was born, Mart. 4, 55:

leporum disertus puer,

Cat. 12, 9:

callidus et disertus homo,

i. e. sagacious, shrewd, Ter. Eun. 5, 7, 10.— Comp., Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 129 (with eloquentior).— Sup., Cic. Phil. 2, 43, 111; id. de Or. 1, 54, 231; id. Brut. 91, 315; Cat. 49, 1.—

Transf., of discourse:

illam orationem disertam sibi et oratoriam videri, fortem et virilem non videri,

Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231; cf.

historia,

id. Brut. 26:

epilogus,

id. Att. 4, 15, 4:

verba,

Ov. Pont. 3, 5, 8 al.; Quint. 1, 8, 4; cf. id. 2, 11, 5; 8 prooem. § 24; 8, 2, 21.— Comp.:

sententia,

Sen. Ep. 21.— Sup.:

litterae,

Cic. Att. 7, 2 fin.—Adv., clearly, expressly, distinctly; eloquently.

dĭserte, Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 31; Afran. ap. Non. 509, 23; Liv. 21, 19 Fabri ad loc.; id. 42, 25, 4 al.; Cic. de Or. 1, 10 fin.; id. Tusc. 5, 9, 24; id. Att. 4, 1, 6; id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 10; Quint. 12, 1, 30; [p. 595] Tac. Or. 9, 26.—

dĭsertim, Liv. Andr., Att. Trag. v. 350 Rib. (ap. Non. 509, 25 sq.); Titin. Com. v. 150 Rib. (ap. Non. ib.); Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 87.—

Comp., Mart. 3, 38.—

Sup., Liv. 39, 28; Quint. 6, 2, 26.

sub-sĕro, ĕre, v. a., to sow or plant after, Col. 4, 15, 1; Dig. 7, 1, 13.—

Trop., to plant or distribute secretly:

nutrimenta fictis criminibus,

Amm. 14, 11, 3.

sub-sĕro, no perf., sertum, 3, v. a., to put or insert under (late Lat.).

Lit.:

subsertis manibus,

App. M. 7, p. 200, 23.—

Trop.:

res monuit super Eutherio pauca subserere,

to add, subjoin, Amm. 16, 7, 4; 14, 11, 3.

1. lābor, lāpsus sum, lābī (vgl. griech. ὀ-λιβρός, schlüpfrig u. ahd. slīfan, gleiten), sich auf einer glatten Oberfläche sanft hinbewegen, gleiten, schlüpfen, schweben, hingleiten, hinschlüpfen, hinschweben, u. abwärts = herabgleiten, -schlüpfen, -schweben, u. als Anfang des Fallen = sinken, absol., od. konstr. m. ad, in, inter, per, sub, super, ab, de, ex u. m. bl. Abl., I) im allg.: 1) eig.: α) v. lebl. Subjj., zB. v. Schlangen, non squamoso ventre, Prop.: per sinus crebros et magna volumina, Ov.: circa donaria, Ov.: circum tempora, sich schlängeln, Ov.: inter vestes et levia tempora, Ov.: angues lapsi in diversum, Iul. Obsequ.: populus in diversa labitur, verläust sich nach verschiedenen Richtungen, Iustin.: abwärts, montibus, Val. Flacc. – v. Schwimmenden, per aequora, Ov.: in magno mari, Ov.: medio amne, Ov. – v. Schiffenden, rate per aequora, Ov.: aquā, Prop. – v. Fliegenden, auf Fittichen Schwebenden, per auras, Ov.: pennis, entschweben, von Merkur, Verg.: aufwärts, sub sidera, entschweben, Verg.: abwärts, polo, Verg. – vom auf dem Wagen durch die Lüfte fahrenden Mars, pronum per aëra, Ov. – v. Herabsteigenden, per funem demissum labi, Verg.: im Bilde, labi per iter declive senectae, Ov. – v. Herabsinkenden, semianimem od. moribundum ex equo, Liv., suffosso equo, Tac., u. bl.

————

equo, Hor.; vgl. multis labentibus ex equis aut desilientibus, Liv.: labi ex rupe, Curt.: ex arbore, Capit.: per gradus, die Stufen hinabfallen, Liv.: super terram, hinsinken, Liv. – β) v. lebl. Subjj.: quia continenter laberentur et fluerent omnia, Cic.: in vanum manus lapsa, die einen Fehlhieb getan, Curt.: cum tela de testudine laberentur, Curt.: tum (illud iaculum) leni impetu labitur, gleitet sanft (auf dem Wasser) dahin, Min. Fel. – abwärts, lapsa cadunt folia, Verg.: lapsus ab arbore ramus, Ov.: lapsae lacertis, nullo solvente, catenae, Ov. – v. Kleidern und Waffen, soluta ac velut labens undique toga, Quint.: tergo velamina lapsa, Ov.: labentibus super corpus armis, Liv. – v. Sternen u. dgl., vagā et mutabili ratione, Cic.: advorsum nimbos, Lucr.: caelo, dahingleiten am usw., Verg.: abwärts, ab aethere, Ov.: de caelo, Verg.: ignem de caelo lapsurum, Capit. – v. Schiffen, vadis, Verg. – v. Gewässern, gleiten, dahingleiten, fließen, cum labantur assidue flumina, quaedam concitata rapiantur, Sen.: altissima quaeque flumina minimo sono labi, Curt.: altis ripis, dahingleiten, Hor.; aber sinistrā ripā, hinwegströmen über usw., Hor.: per CCC stadia, Curt.: sub terras, sub magna terra, Ov.: abwärts, e fontibus, Curt.: diversis de partibus (al. fontibus), Ov.: vertice silvae, Ov.: quantum aquarum per gradus cum fragore labentium, Sen.: zurück, in caput (Quelle) suum retro, Ov.: prius vasto laben-

————

tur flumina ponto, quam etc., Prop.: vado labente, die Flut zurück-, abfloß, Tac. – v. Tränen, rinnen, träufeln, in genas, Hor.: per genas in ensem, Ov.: ex oculis, Ov. – v. anderen Flüssigkeiten, fließen, rinnen, träufeln, in proximum mare (vom flüssigen Bernstein), Tac.: truncis cavis, vom Honig, Hor.: quid sit, quod guttatim faciat pluviam labi, Amob.: pressus pavore sanguis tardius labebatur, floß (hervor), Tac. – vom Feuer, in porticus, hinüberschlagen in usw., Tac. – v. Übeln usw., die allmählich in den Körper dringen, sich verbreiten, frigus per artus labitur, Ov.: dolor lapsus ad artus, Verg.: penitus in viscera lapsum serpentis furiale malum, Verg.: somnus labitur in artus, Ov.

2) übtr.: a) gleiten, rinnen, α) v. leb. Subjj.: sed labor longius, ad propositum revertar, ich gerate, ich verliere mich zu weit (in der Rede), Cic.: u. so quin labebar longius, nisi me retinuissem, Cic. – cadere spe dicuntur, qui levati animo a summo ad inferiora labuntur, Donat. Ter. Andr. 3, 5, 12. – β) v. lebl. Subjj.: ilico res foras labitur, liquitur, rinnt das Geld ihm aus dem Hause und zerfließt, Plaut.: brevitate et celeritate syllabarum labi putat verba proclivius, Cic.: sunt (vitia) in lubrico incitataque semel proclivi labuntur sustinerique nullo modo possunt, Cic. – v. der Rede, oratio sedate placideque labitur, gleitet (fließt) dahin, Cic. or. 92: prosā incipit (sermo eius), versu

————

labitur, pedestri oratione finitur, Hieron. epist. 53, 8. – v. Zeit u. Leben, dahingleiten, entrinnen, verfließen, assiduo labuntur tempora motu, non secus ac flumen, Ov.: labitur occulte fallitque volubilis aetas, ut celer admissis labitur amnis aquis, Ov.: cito pede labitur aetas, Ov.: tardo pede lapsa vetustas, Ov.: u. so labuntur tempora, anni, lustra, Hor. u.a. Dichter. – b) mit Angabe des Ziels, zu etwas sich hinneigen, in etw. sinken, auf od. in etw. verfallen, geraten, α) v. leb. Subjj.: labor eo, ut assentiar Epicuro, fühle mich zur Ansicht des E. hingezogen, Cic.: labi ad illos, qui etc., Cic.: veremini, ne labar ad opinionem, möchte dem Wahne verfallen, Cic.: labi in errorem emendabilem, Liv.: in luxuriam, in segnitiam, Iustin.: in vitium, Hor.: in somnum, in soporem, Petron. – β) v. lebl. Subjj.: civitatum mores lapsi ad mollitiem, Cic.: omnia in externum lapsa sunt morem, Curt.

II) prägn.: A) = delabi, abgleiten, abkommen, vorbeigleiten, 1) eig.: si viā lapsus est (bildl.), Sen.: cum superiacta tela de testudine laberentur, Tac.: ne adiectae voces laberentur atque errarent, priusquam sensus (auditus) ab his pulsus esset, Cic. – 2) übtr.: hāc spe lapsus, in der Hoffnung getäuscht, Caes.: labi facultatibus, um sein Vermögen kommen, ICt.

B) = ab- od. ausgleiten, straucheln, ausgleitend, strauchelnd fallen, 1) eig.: agaso pede lapsus, Hor. –

————

homini nequam lapso et ut allevaretur roganti, ›Tollat te‹, inquit, ›qui novit‹, Quint. – 2) übtr.: straucheln, a) = irre werden, mente, wahnsinnig werden, Cels.: u. so lapsi mente, wahnsinnig (Ggstz. sui compotes), Cels. – labi memoriā, einen Gedächtnisfehler begehen, Suet. – u. geistig od. moralisch irren, fehlen, sich vergehen, erravit, lapsus est, non putavit, Cic.: opinione labi posse, voluntate a re publica dissidere nullo pacto posse, Cic.: in alqa re consilio od. casu lapsum esse, Cic.: consilio id magis quam furore lapsos fecisse, Liv.: labi per errorem, Cic., od. errore, ICt.: labi propter imprudentiam, Cic.: imprudentiā lapsum aliquid facere (Ggstz. scientem aliquid delinquere), Liv.: labi imperitiā, ICt.: in quo vorbo lapsa consuetudo deflexit de via, Cic.: labi in officio, Cic.: in his labi et cadere, Cic.: qua in re si mediocriter lapsus sum, defendes meum tolerabile erratum, Cic.: numquam labere, si te audies, Cic.: qui sero lapsum revocatis, Prop. – b) straucheln = zum Falle geneigt sein, dem Falle nahe sein (s. Halm Cic. Phil. 2, 51), equitem Romanum non libidine, non turpibus impensis atque iacturis, sed experientiā patrimonii amplificandi labentem excepit, fulsit et sustinuit re, fide, hodieque sustinet, Cic.: cum labentem et prope cadentem rem publicam fulcire cuperetis, Cic.: ferre praesidium labenti et inclinatae paene rei publicae, Cic.: labente deinde paulatim disciplinā, Liv.: labente iam

————

causā decem virorum, Liv.: vidi ego labentes (weichenden) acies et tela caduca, Prop.

C) = elabi, herausfallen, 1) eig.: viscera lapsa, Ov. u. Lucan.: forte lapsa vox, entschlüpfte, entfallene, Tac. – v. Pers., entgleiten, entschlüpfen, e manibus custodientium, Curt.: custodiā, Tac. – 2) übtr.: quam nostro illius labatur pectore vultus, entschwindet, Verg. ecl. 1, 63.

D) herabgleiten, -sinken = schlapp herabhängen, lapsa catena, schleppende, Prop.: tenuata de nexibus membra labuntur, Ps. Quint. decl. – bes. v. Gliedern Sterbender, caput labens et iam languentia colla levat, Lucan.: malae labentes, herabsinkende Kinnladen, Suet.: lapsae genae, Sen. poët. – neutr. pl. subst., firmamenta fluidorum ac labentium, des Schlotterigen u. Schlappen, Sen. ep. 102, 25.

E) sinken, hinsinken, zusammensinken, 1) eig.: α) v. Pers.: calor ossa reliquit, labitur, Verg.: sub onere labitur, erliegt der Last, Petron.: multi sine morte labuntur, Petron. – β) v. lebl. Subjj., u. zwar v. Gebäuden usw., zusammen-, einsinken, vor Alter verfallen, lapso fundamento, Curt.: lapsura domus, Ov.: donec labentes deorum aedes refeceris, Hor. – v. den Augen Schlafender, zufallen, zusinken, labentes ocelli, Prop.: lapsi somno ocelli, Prop. – u. Sterbender, brechen, labuntur frigida leto lumina, Verg.: labentes oculos condere (zudrücken), Ov.: dum laben-

————

tes oculi ad nostras exclamationes nostrosque planctus admissā paulatim luce laxantur, Ps. Quint. decl. Vgl. Burmann Ov. am. 3, 5, 1; trist. 3, 3, 44.

2) übtr.: a) sinken = hinschwinden, vom Lebensatem, labens anima, Tac.: labi spiritum nec ultra biduum duraturum, Tac. – dah. v. Sterbenden, denen die Sinne vergehen, in den Tod sinken, sterben, laberis Oebalide, primā fraudate iuventā, Verg.: labimur (mir schwinden die Sinne), i, miseram solare parentem, Stat.: ille oculis extremo errore solutis labitur, Stat. – b) sinken = verfallen, in Verfall geraten, miserere domus labentis, Verg.: u. so labens regia, Iustin.: lapsum genus, Verg.: labente paulatim disciplinā, Liv.: ut magis magisque mores lapsi sint, tum ire coeperint praecipites, Liv.: fides lapsa, Ov. – ⇒ Parag. Infin. labier, Cic. Arat. 226. Lucr. 4, 443. Hor. ep. 2, 1, 94. – Partic, labundus, a, um, hinstürzend, unda sub undis labunda, Acc. tr. 570.

————————

2. labor, ōris, m. (zu labāre; eigentl. »das Wanken unter einer Last«), die Anstrengung, I) die Anstrengung, etw. zu vollbringen, die Bemühung, Mühe, Arbeit, Strapaze, 1) eig.: a) übh.: labor forensis, Cic.: irritus, Quint. u. Ov.: labor itineris, Cic.: labor viae, Liv.: labores militum, Caes.: labor corporis, animi, Cic.: labor manuum, Hieron.: labor domesticus, Colum.: militiae, Cic. aut belli aut fugae, Caes.: operis (der Belagerung), Caes.: labores belli, Cic.: labores defensionum, Cic. – parvulo labore, Cic.: nullo labore, Cic.: nullo labore tuo, ohne daß es dir Mühe macht, Cic.: sine labore, sine ullo labore, Cic.: sine ullo labore et contentione, Cic.: sine labore ac periculo, Cic.: cum labore, summo cum labore, Cic.: res est magni laboris, Cic.: tot adire labores, Verg.: affecta labore et vigiliis corpora, Liv.: capere tantum laborem, sich so sehr bemühen, Cic.: laborem inanem capere, sich vergeblich abmühen, Ter.: in ea (arte) plus operae laborisque consumpsisse, Cic.: nec animi neque corporis laboribus defatigari, Cic.: demere (alci) laborem militiae, Cic.: unius mensis labor alci detrahitur, Cic.: exanclare talem laborem, Cic., omnes labores, Cic.: exanclatis itinerum laboribus, Amm.: exercere se tantis laboribus, Cic.: apes exercet sub sole labor, Verg.: tot per annos terrā marique tanta pericula ac labores exhausisse, Liv.: inter labo-

————

res exhaustos aut mox exhauriendos, Liv.: frustra labore exhausto, Lucan.: magnos esse experiundos et subeundos labores, Cic.: dum adulescentis dextera irrito se labore fatigat, Val. Max.: frangere se tantis laboribus, Cic.: qui partis honoribus eosdem in foro gessi (habe mich unterzogen) labores, quos petendis, Cic.: impenditur labor et sumptus ad incertum casum et eventum quotannis, Cic.: suum laborem hominum periculis sublevandis impertire, Cic.: non plus alci laboris imponere quam sibi sumere, Cic.: eis laborem etiam novum pro portione iniungi, Liv.: quid sumptus in eam rem aut laboris insumpserit, Cic.: operam, studium, laborem interponere pro alqo, Cic.: pugnando fessis laxatur labor, Liv.: ut sibi pro re gesta aliquid laxaret laboris, Liv.: levare alci laborem, Cic.: defensionum laboribus aut omnino aut magna ex parte liberari, Cic.: obire pericula ac labores pariter, Liv.: non parcere labori, Cic. (u. so ne labori suo neu periculo parceret, Caes.): et honoribus amplissimis et laboribus maximis perfunctum esse, Cic.: Hercules perfunctus iam laboribus, Cic.: laborem viae pati posse, Liv.: multis laboribus (unter v. Str.) quaerere alqm. Plaut.: reficere se ex labore, Caes.: ab parvulis labori ac duritiae studere, Caes.: succumbere labori, Caes.: istos labores, quos nunc in naufragiis nostris suscipis, non subisses, Cic.: frustra tantum laborem sumere, Caes.: supersedere hoc labore itineris, Cic.: suscipere labo-

————

rem, labores, Cic.: frustra suscipere laborem, sich vergeblich abmühen, Cic.: sustinere forensem laborem propter ambitionem, Cic.: labores, pericula facile tolerare, Sall.: non vitandi laboris mei causā, Cic. – labor est m. Infin., es kostet Mühe (Arbeit), es hat Schwierigkeit, Liv. 39, 1, 5. Plin. 26, 118: u. so maior aliquanto labor est m. Infin., Flor. 2, 2, 4: proximus huic labor est placitam exorare puellam, Ov. art. am. 1, 37: nec magnus prohibere labor, Verg. georg. 4, 106. – b) insbes., Anstrengung, angestrengte Tätigkeit, Arbeitsamkeit (Ggstz. inertia, desidia, requies, quies, otium), verb. industria et labor, summus labor in publicis privatisque rebus, Cic.: vivere in studiis laboribusque, Cic.: labor quaerendi, Erwerbsfleiß, Iustin.: rei militaris labor, Leistungen im Kriegswesen, Nep.: animi labor, geistige Anstrengung, Nep. – als Fähigkeit, Arbeitsfähigkeit, Ausdauer in Arbeit u. Anstrengung, M. Messala magni laboris, Cic.: homo magni laboris summaeque industriae, Cic.: magni formica laboris, die arbeitsame, emsige, Hor.: (iumenta) summi ut sint laboris efficiunt, Caes. – 2) meton.: a) Arbeit, Werk, ita multorum mensium labor hostium perfidiā et vi tempestatis puncto temporis interiit, Caes. b. c. 2, 14, 4: sternuntur segetes longique perit labor irritus anni, Ov.: et pluviā ingenti sata laeta boumque labores diluit, Verg.: artificum manus (verschiedenen Malereien)

————

inter se operumque laborem (Bauwerk) miratur, Verg.: hic labor ille domus et inextricabilis error, v. Labyrinthe, Verg.: cari uteri labores, v. Kindern, Claud. rapt. Pros. 1, 194. – b) Unternehmung, Tat, belli, Verg.: von den Kampfspielen, wie πόνος, μόχθος, Hor.: u. von den großen Unternehmungen des Herkules, Hor.: strenui labores (im Kriege), Eutr. – II) Anstrengung, etwas zu überwinden, zu ertragen, Plage, Pein, Not, Ungemach, Drangsal, Mühseligkeit, Unglück, Beschwerlichkeit, a) übh.: scis amorem, scis laborem, scis egestatem meam, Plaut.: cuius erga me benevolentiam vel in labore meo vel in honore perspexi, Cic.: multis variisque perfunctus laboribus, Nep.: quoniam in tantum luctum et laborem detrusus es, quantum nemo umquam, Cic.: breviter Troiae supremum audire laborem, Verg. – poet., labores solis, lunae, Sonnenfinsternis, Mondfinsternis, Verg.: labores Lucinae, die Wehen, Verg. – b) Beschwerde, α) = Krankheit, nervorum, Nervenkrankheit, Vitr.: annuus earum (apium) labor est initio veris, Colum.: mox et frumentis labor additus, ut mala culmos esset robigo, Verg.: valetudo decrescit, accrescit labor, Plaut. – β) = phys. Schmerz, cor de labore pectus tundit, Plaut. Cas. 415: hoc medicamentum sine magno labore circa septimum diem cadere cogit haemorrhoidas, Scrib. Larg. 227. – γ) gemütl. Schmerz, Betrübnis, Kummer (s. Spengel Ter. Andr.

————

720. Wagner Ter. heaut. 82), quamquam ibi animo labos grandis capitur, Plaut.: verum ex eo misera quam capit laborem! Ter. – c) eine Last, lapides laborem sustinent od. tolerant, tragen Lasten, sind von dauerhafter Beschaffenheit, Vitr. 2, 7, 2. Plin. 36, 167. – ⇒ Archaist. Nbf. labōs, ōris, m., *Pacuv. tr. 290. Plaut. merc. 72; trin. 271; truc. 521. Ter. Hec. 286. Lucil. 215. Varro sat. Men. 247. Sall. hist. fr. 2, 41 (50), 1 u. 3, 61 (82), 18. Catull. 55, 13. Plin. 6, 60 u. Spät. (s. Neue-Wagener Formenl.³ 1, 265). – personif., Labōs, ōris, m., die Mühsal, eine unterirdische Gottheit, Verg. Aen. 6, 277.

pōno, pŏsŭi (Plaut. posīvi), pŏsĭtum, 3 (old form of perf. POSEIVEI, Inscr. Orell. 3308:

posivi,

Plaut. Ps. 5, 1, 35: posivimus, id. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 898 P.:

posiverunt, Cato, R. R. praef. 1: posiveris,

id. ib. 4, 1; Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 108: POSIER unt, Inscr. Orell. 5061:

POSIT, contr. from posivit,

ib. 71; 732; 1475; 3087 al.; part. perf. sync. postus, a, um, Lucr. 1, 1059; 3, 87; 6, 965), v. a. [for posno, posino, from old prep. port, = proti, pros, and sino; cf.: porricio, pollingo, etc., and v. pro, sino], to put or set down a person or thing, to put, place, set, lay, etc. (syn.: colloco, statuo); constr. with acc. alone, or with in and abl., or with adv. of place; sometimes with in and acc., or absol.; v. infra.

Lit.

In gen.:

tabulas in aerario ponere,

Caes. B. C. 3, 108:

castra,

to pitch, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.:

castra iniquo loco,

id. ib. 1, 81:

milia passuum tria ab eorum castris castra ponit,

id. B. G. 1, 22 fin.: qui indicabantur, in senatu sunt positi, Cic. Fragm. ap. Quint. 9, 3, 50:

tabulas obsignatas in publico,

Cic. Fl. 9, 21:

sejuges in Capitolio aurati a P. Cornelio positi,

Liv. 38, 35, 4:

tyrannicidae imago in gymnasio ponatur,

Quint. 7, 7, 5; cf. id. 1, 7, 12:

collum in Pulvere,

Hor. C. 4, 6, 11; cf.:

artus in litore ponunt,

Verg. A. 1, 173; and with simple abl.:

saxo posuit latus,

Val. Fl. 4, 378:

in curulibus sellis sese posuerunt,

seated themselves, Flor. 1, 13.—With in and acc.: hodierno die primum longo intervallo in possessionem libertatis pedem ponimus, Cic. Phil. 3, 11, 28 B. and K. (Klotz, possessione):

Cyzici in Prytaneum vasa aurea mensae unius posuit,

Liv. 41, 20, 7 Weissenb. ad loc.:

stipes erat, quem... in flammam triplices posuere sorores,

Ov. M. 8, 452:

omnia pone feros in ignes,

id. R. Am. 719:

oleas in solem,

Cato, R. R. 7:

coronam in caput,

Gell. 3, 15, 3.—With sub and abl.:

pone sub curru nimium propinqui,

Hor. C. 1, 22, 21:

fundamenta,

Vulg. 1 Esd. 6, 3:

ubi pedem poneret non habebat,

might set his foot, Cic. Fin. 4, 25, 69:

genu or genua,

to bow the knee, to kneel, Ov. F. 2, 438; 5, 507; Curt. 8, 7, 13:

num genu posuit? num vocem supplicem misit?

id. 4, 6, 28:

oculos,

to cast one's eyes on, Vulg. Jer. 24, 6:

faciem,

to turn one's face, id. ib. 42, 15.—

In partic.

In milit. lang., to place, post, set, station a body of troops:

ibi praesidium ponit,

Caes. B. G. 2, 5:

praesidium ibi,

id. B. C. 1, 47 fin.:

legionem tuendae orae maritimae causā,

id. ib. 3, 34:

insidias contra aliquem,

Cic. Agr. 2, 18, 49.—

To set up, erect, build (mostly poet.):

opus,

Ov. M. 8, 160:

templa,

Verg. A. 6, 19:

aras,

id. ib. 3, 404:

tropaeum,

Nep. Dat. 8, 3; so,

in inscrr., of erecting monuments of any kind: POSVIT, PONENDVM CVRAVIT (usu. abbreviated P. C.), etc.: columna rostrata quae est Duilio in foro posita,

in honor of Duilius, Quint. 1, 7, 12.—

Hence, poet., to form, fashion works of art:

Alcimedon duo pocula fecit... Orpheaque in medio posuit,

Verg. E. 3, 46:

hic saxo liquidis ille coloribus Sollers nunc hominem ponere, nunc deum,

Hor. C. 4, 8, 8.—

To set, set out, plant trees, etc. ( poet. and in postAug. prose;

syn.: planto, sero): pone ordine vites,

Verg. E. 1, 74:

vitem,

Col. 4, 1; cf.:

ille et nefasto te (arbor) posuit die,

planted thee, Hor. C. 2, 13, 1.—

To lay, stake, wager, as a forfeit; to lay down, propose, as a prize: pono pallium;

Ille suum anulum opposuit,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 76:

pocula fagina,

Verg. E. 3, 36:

invitat pretiis animos et praemia ponit,

id. A. 5, 292:

praemia,

id. ib. 5, 486:

praemium,

Liv. 41, 23, 10.—

In business lang., to put out at interest, to loan, to invest (less freq. than collocare): pecuniam in praedio ponere, Cic. Tull. § 15 Orell.; cf.:

pecuniam apud aliquem,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 70, § 165:

dives positis in fenore nummis,

Hor. A. P. 421:

pecuniam Quaerit Kalendis ponere,

id. Epod. 2, 70.—

To place, set, appoint a person as a watch or guard, accuser, etc. (less freq. than apponere):

Dumnorigi custodes ponit, ut, quae agat, scire possit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20 fin.:

custos frumento publico est positus,

Cic. Fl. 19, 45: alicui accusatorem, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 3:

puer super hoc positus officium,

Petr. 56, 8.—

To serve up, set before one at table (rare for the class. apponere), Cato, R. R. 79; so id. ib. 81:

posito pavone,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 23; 2, 4, 14; 2, 6, 64; 2, 8, 91; id. A. P. 422:

positi Bacchi cornua,

Ov. A. A. 1, 231:

vinum,

Petr. 34, 7:

calidum scis ponere sumen,

Pers. 1, 53:

porcum,

Mart. 8, 22, 1:

da Trebio, pone ad Trebium,

Juv. 5, 135.—

To lay aside, take off, put down, lay down, etc. (as clothing, arms, books, the hair or beard, etc., = deponere):

cum pila ludere vellet tunicamque poneret,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 60; cf.:

veste positā,

id. ib. 1, 47, 113:

velamina,

Ov. A. A. 2, 613; cf.:

velamina de corpore,

id. M. 4, 345:

arma,

Caes. B. G. 4, 37:

sarcinam,

Petr. 117, 11:

barbam,

Suet. Calig. 5; cf.:

bicolor positis membrana capillis,

Pers. 3, 10:

libros de manibus,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8, § 23; cf.:

cum posui librum, et mecum ipse coepi cogitare,

id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24.—

To lay out for the grave:

toroque Mortua componar, positaeque det oscula frater,

Ov. M. 9, 503; Verg. A. 2, 644.—Also, to lay in the grave, to bury, inter ( poet. and in post-class. prose;

syn.: sepelio, condo): corpore posto,

Lucr. 3, 871:

te... patriā decedens ponere terrā,

Verg. A. 6, 508; Ov. F. 5, 480:

ubi corpus meum positum fuerit,

Dig. 34, 1, 18 fin.; Inscr. Orell. 4370:

IN HAC CVPA MATER ET FILIVS POSITI SVNT,

ib. 4550; 4495:

HIC POSITVS EST, Inscr. in Boeckh. C. I. Gr. 4156: CINERES,

Inscr. Orell. 4393; 4489.—

Ponere calculum or calculos, transf., to weigh carefully, to ponder, consider:

si bene calculum ponas,

Petr. 115, 16:

examina tecum, omnesque, quos ego movi, in utrāque parte calculos pone,

Plin. Ep. 2, 19 fin. —

To arrange, deck, set in order (cf. compono):

qui suas ponunt in statione comas,

Ov. A. A. 3, 434:

quid totiens positas fingis, inepta, comas?

id. ib. 1, 306; cf. id. H. 4, 77; id. M. 1, 477.—

To subdue, calm, allay, quiet:

quo non arbiter Hadriae Major, tollere seu ponere vult freta,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 16:

magnos cum ponunt aequora motus,

Prop. 4 (5), 14, 31.—Hence, neutr., of the winds, to fall, abate ( poet. and late Lat.):

cum venti posuere omnisque repente resedit Flatus,

Verg. A. 7, 27:

tum Zephyri posuere,

id. ib. 10, 103:

simul ac ventus posuit,

Gell. 2, 30, 2.

Trop.

In gen., to set, place, put, lay a thing anywhere: noenum ponebat rumores ante salutem, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 314 Vahl.):

pone ante oculos laetitiam senatūs,

Cic. Phil. 2, 45, 115:

at te apud eum, di boni! quantā in gratiā posui,

id. Att. 6, 6, 4; cf. id. ib. 5, 11, 6; 6, 1, 22: ponite me ei (Appio) in gratiā, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 5:

apud Lentulum ponam te in gratiā,

Cic. Att. 5, 3, 3 B. and K. (Orell. gratiam):

se quoque in gratiā reconciliatae pacis ponere,

Liv. 44, 14, 7:

in laude positus,

Cic. Sest. 66, 139:

aliquem in metu non ponere,

i. e. not to fear, id. Top. 13, 55:

virtutum fundamenta in voluptate tamquam in aquā ponere,

id. Fin. 2, 22, 72; cf. id. Pis. 4, 9:

aliquid in conspectu animi,

id. de Or. 3, 40, 161; cf.:

sub uno aspectu ponere,

Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 1, 1: ponendus est ille ambitus, non abiciendus, to lay down gently, i. e. close gracefully, Cic. Or. 59, 199:

super cor,

to lay to heart, Vulg. Mal. 2, 2.—With in and acc.:

te in crimen populo ponat atque infamiam,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 11.—Elliptically: et quidem cum in mentem venit, ponor ad scribendum, when it occurs to Cœsar, he sets me (i. e. my name) to the Senate's decrees, Cic. Fam. 9, 15, 4.—

In partic.

Ponere aliquid in aliquā re, to put or place a thing in something, to cause a thing to rest or depend upon:

credibile non est, quantum ego in consiliis et prudentiā tuā, quantum in amore et fide ponam,

Cic. Att. 2, 23, 3:

spem in aliquo,

id. ib. 6, 1, 11:

salutis auxilium in celeritate,

Caes. B. G. 5, 48; cf.:

spem salutis in virtute,

id. ib. 5, 34, 2:

ut in dubio poneret, utrum, etc.,

regarded as doubtful, doubted, Liv. 34, 5, 3: sed haec haud in magno equidem ponam discrimine, I shall attach no great importance to it, id. prooem. § 8.—In pass.: positum esse in aliquā re, to be based or founded upon, to rest upon, depend upon:

ut salutem praesentium, spem reliquorum in vestris sententiis positam esse et defixam putetis,

Cic. Fl. 1, 3; id. Agr. 2, 9, 22:

omnia posita putamus in Planci tui liberalitate,

id. Att. 16, 16, F, 2; id. Or. 8, 27:

in te positum est, ut, etc.,

id. Att. 16, 16, B, § 8. —

To lay out, spend, employ a thing, esp. time, in any thing:

tempus in cogitatione ponere,

Cic. de Or. 3, 5, 17:

si in hac curā vita mihi ponenda sit,

id. Fam. 9, 24, 4:

diem totum in considerandā causā,

id. Brut. 22, 87; cf. id. Fam. 5, 21, 1; id. Att. 6, 2, 6:

sumptum,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 2; id. Fam. 13, 54 fin.; cf.:

totum animum atque omnem curam, operam diligentiamque suam in petitione,

id. Mur. 22, 45:

id multo tum faciemus liberius totosque nos in contemplandis rebus perspiciendisque ponemus,

id. Tusc. 1, 19, 44:

apud gratissimum hominem beneficium ponere,

id. Fam. 13, 55 fin.:

itinera enim ita facit, ut multos dies in oppidum ponat,

id. Att. 11, 22, 2.—

To put, place, count, reckon, consider a thing in or among certain things:

mortem in malis,

Cic. Fin. 3, 8, 29:

in beneficii loco,

id. Fam. 15, 4, 12; id. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

si quis motus populi factus esset, id C. Norbano in fraude capitali esse ponendum,

id. de Or. 2, 48, 199:

in laude,

to regard as praiseworthy, id. Top. 18, 71:

in vitiis poni,

to be regarded as a fault, Nep. Epam. 1, 2.—

To appoint, ordain, make something:

leges,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 28:

festos laetosque ritus,

Tac. H. 5, 5 fin.:

ut male posuimus initia, sic cetera sequentur,

Cic. Att. 10, 18, 2:

ne tu in spem ponas me bonae frugi fore,

to hope for, reckon upon, Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 4 Fleck.: nomen, to apply or give a name (= imponere):

sunt enim rebus novis nova ponenda nomina,

Cic. N. D. 1, 17, 44; id. Tusc. 3, 5, 10; Verg. A. 7, 63:

qui tibi nomen Insano posuere,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 48: rationem, to furnish an account, to [p. 1397] reckon, Suet. Oth. 7; cf. Col. 1, 3:

pecuniae,

Dig. 46, 3, 89.—

To make or render vows or votive offerings to the gods:

Veneri ponere vota,

Prop. 3, 12, 18:

nunc ego victrices lauro redimire tabellas, Nec Veneris mediā ponere in aede morer,

Ov. Am. 1, 11, 25:

hic ponite lucida Funalia et vectes,

Hor. C. 3, 26, 6:

libatum agricolae ponitur ante deo,

Tib. 1, 1, 14; Ov. M. 3, 506:

ex praedā tripodem aureum Delphi posuit,

Nep. Paus. 2, 3.—

In speaking or writing, to lay down as true, to state, assume, assert, maintain, allege, take for granted, etc.:

quamobrem, ut paulo ante posui, si, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 21; id. Fin. 2, 31, 100:

recte Magnus ille noster, me audiente, posuit in judicio, rem publicam, etc.,

id. Leg. 2, 3, 6: verum pono, esse victum eum;

at, etc.,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 25:

positum sit igitur in primis, etc.,

Cic. Or. 4, 14:

hoc posito atque concesso, esse quandam vim divinam, etc.,

id. Div. 1, 52, 118; cf.:

quo posito, et omnium sensu adprobato,

id. Fin. 3, 8, 29; id. Leg. 2, 19, 48:

pono satis in eo fuisse orationis atque ingenii,

id. Brut. 45, 165:

aliquid pro certo ponere,

Liv. 10, 9 fin.:

nunc rem ipsam ponamus quam illi non negant... Est haec res posita, quae ab adversario non negatur,

Cic. Caecin. 11, 32.—

Esp.: exemplum ponere, to cite an instance:

eorum quae constant exempla ponemus,

Cic. Inv. 1, 38, 68:

perspicuo et grandi vitio praeditum posuimus exemplum,

id. ib. 1, 47, 88:

ab adjunctis antea posui exemplum,

id. Top. 11, 50:

horum exempla posui ex jure civili,

id. ib. 14, 58:

horum generum ex Cicerone exempla ponamus,

Quint. 5, 11, 11; 6, 3, 108 al.—

To set before the mind, represent, describe:

nec ponere lucum Artifices, nec, etc.,

Pers. 1, 70:

pone Tigellinum,

Juv. 1, 155.—

To propose, offer, fix upon a theme for discussion (= proponere):

mihi nunc vos quaestiunculam, de quā meo arbitratu loquar, ponitis?

Cic. de Or. 1, 22, 102; 2, 1, 2:

ponere aliquid, ad quod audiam, si tibi non est molestum, volo,

id. Fat. 2, 4; cf.:

ponere jubebam, de quo quis audire vellet,

id. Tusc. 1, 4, 7:

ponere praemium,

Liv. 39, 17, 1; and impers. pass.:

doctorum est ista consuetudo eaque Graecorum, ut iis ponatur, de quo disputent quamvis subito,

id. Lael. 5, 17; so,

cum ita positum esset, videri, etc.,

id. Tusc. 3, 22, 54.—

To put away, leave off, dismiss, forego, lay down, surrender (= deponere):

vitam propera ponere,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 3, 4:

vitia,

Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 46:

dolorem,

id. Tusc. 3, 28, 66: inimicitias, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6:

curas,

Liv. 1, 19:

metum,

Plin. Ep. 5, 6:

iram,

Hor. A. P. 160:

moras,

id. C. 4, 12, 25; Ov. F. 2, 816:

animos feroces,

Liv. 8, 1:

corda ferocia,

Verg. A. 1, 302:

vires (flammae),

id. ib. 5, 681:

ipsum rudimentum adulescentiae bello lacessentem Romanos posuisse,

had obtained his first experience, Liv. 31, 11 fin.; Suet. Ner. 22; also,

tirocinium,

Just. 12, 4, 6:

animam,

to lay down life, Vulg. Johan. 10, 15; 17.—Esp., milit. t. t.: arma ponere (= deponere), to lay down arms, yield, surrender:

Nepesinis inde edictum ut arma ponant,

Liv. 6, 10, 5:

dedi imperatorem, arma poni jubet,

id. 4, 10, 3; cf.:

positis armis,

id. 35, 36, 4; id. Epit. 88.—

To make, cause to be (eccl. Lat.):

cornu tuum ponam ferreum,

Vulg. Mich. 4, 13:

posuit me desolatam,

id. Thren. 3, 11; with quasi:

ponam Samariam quasi acervum,

id. Mich. 1, 6; with in and acc.:

posuerunt eam in ruinam,

id. Isa. 23, 13.—

To assume, suppose, put a case (of mere suppositions; only late Lat.; cf. 6 supra): pone tamen ab evangelistis scriptum, Ambros. de Fide, 5, 16, 194; Ps.-Quint. Decl. 273.—Hence, pŏsĭtus, a, um, P. a., of localities, placed, situated; situate, standing, lying anywhere:

Roma in montibus posita,

Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 96:

Delos in Aegaeo mari posita,

id. Imp. Pomp. 18, 55:

portus ex adverso urbi positus,

Liv. 45, 5:

tumulus opportune ad id positus,

id. 28, 13:

urbs alieno solo posita,

id. 4, 17.— Poet.:

somno positus = sopitus,

lulled to sleep, Verg. A. 4, 527.

S, s, indecl. n. or (agreeing with littera) f.

The eighteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding in form to the old Greek S for S (Etruscan in a reversed form,);

in its nature a sibilant semi-vowel, whose peculiarities were much discussed by the ancients, and are even treated of in a special work by Messala, a contemporary of Augustus (Messala in libro de S littera,

Quint. 1, 7, 23; cf. Mart. Cap. 3, § 245).—

As an initial and medial it has a hard and sharp sound (which is softened, however, between two vowels), and is therefore joined only with the tenues (c, p, t; cf., on the contrary, the Gr. sbennumi);

and, as a medial, often written double after long vowels: caussa, cassus, divissiones (these forms, used by Cicero and Vergil, were already uncommon in Quintilian's time,

Quint. 1, 7, 20; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 283 sq.).—

As a final it had a weakened sound, and therefore not only admitted the medial b before it (plebs, urbs, abs; Arabs, chalybs, etc.; v. the letter B), but often entirely disappeared. So in the ante-class. poets down to the early years of Cicero (and also in his own poem, entitled Aratus, written in his youth), before words beginning with a consonant, to avoid position: Ratu' Romulus, Fulviu' Nobilior, gravi' Terra, est sati' bella, Hyperioni' cursum, Virgine' nam sibi, etc.; cf. Cic. Or. 48, 161; Quint. 9, 4, 38; and v. Freund, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. 1835, XIII. p. 25 sq.; less freq. before words beginning with a vowel, in which case, to avoid a hiatus, the vowel before s was also elided; vas' argenteis (for vasis argenteis) and palm' et crinibus (for palmis et crinibus); v. Cic. Or. 45, 153. So, too, in the fourth Epitaph of the Scipios (Inscr. Orell. 553), L. CORNELIO L. F. instead of CORNELIOS (cf. a similar elision of the M under that letter). Final s is also elided, and the preceding vowel either dropped with it or weakened, in the forms sat from satis, mage from magis; in the neutr. forms of adjectives of the third declension, acre, agreste, facile (v. the letter E); in the collat. forms of the sec. pers. sing. pass., fatere, fateare, fatebare, etc.; in the gen. sing. of the first, second, and fifth declensions, and in the nom. plur. of the first and second declensions (aurai for aura-is, analog. to reg is, etc.). Lastly, s disappears in the (mostly familiar) collat. forms abin', scin', viden', satin', from abisne, scisne, videsne, satisne, etc.—

As an etymological initial aspirate, s appears in many words whose Greek equivalents begin with a vowel: sal, semi-, serpo, sex, super, sus, corresp. to hals, hêmi-, herpô, hex, huper, us, etc.; si (archaic sei), sero, Segesta, corresp. to ei, ERÔ (whence eirô), Egesta. Less freq. in radical words beginning with a consonant: sculpo corresp. to gluphô, and the derivatives scruta, from grutê, and scrupedae, from kroupeza. To soften the termination, s appears in abs = ab, and ex corresp. to ek.—Very freq., on the contrary, an initial s appears in cognate forms in other languages, where corresp. Latin words have lost the s: Lat. fallo, Gr. sphallô; fungus, Gr. sphongos; fides, Gr. sphidê (comp. also nix with Engl. [p. 1609] snow, nurus with old Germ. snur, daughterin-law); cf. also cutis and scutum; cauda and root sku-, in Goth. skauts, etc.; casa and Gr. skia, skênê; cerno and Gr. krinô for skirnô, skôr, skôria; calumnia and skallô; gradior and root scra-, Germ. schreiten; parco and sparnos; penuria and spanis; pando and spaô; tego and stegô; tono and stonos; taurus and Sanscr. sthūras, Germ. Stier al.; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, p. 277 sqq.—In the middle of a word s is dropped in at from ast.—

S is interchanged,

Most freq. with r; in partic., an original s, between two vowels, becomes r; v. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Müll.; so foederum for foedesum, plurima for plusima, meliorem for meliosem, Lares for Lases, etc.; cf. eram and sum, quaero and quaeso, nasus and naris. Appius Claudius, the censor, is said to have introduced r into the names Furius, Valerius, etc., in place of s, B.C. 312 (v. the letter R, II.).—

With d: Claudius, from the Sabine Clausus; and, on the other hand, rosa, corresp. to the Gr. rhodon; cf. Schneid. Gram. 1, p. 259.—

With t: tensus and tentus, resina corresp. to rhêtinê; and, on the contrary, aggrettus for aggressus; mertare, pultare, for mersare, pulsare (perh. also assentor for assensor).—

With x; v. that letter.—

S is assimilated before f in the compounds of dis: differo, difficilis, diffluo, etc.; v. 3. dis.— On the other hand, it arises by assimilation from d, in assum, assumo, cessi, for adsum, adsumo, ced-si; from t in fassus, from fateor; from b in jussi, from jubeo; from m in pressi, from premo; from r in gessi, from gero; and dossuarius, from dorsum. —

As an abbreviation, S denotes sacrum, semis, sibi, suis, etc.; S. AS. D., sub asciā dedicavit; S. C., senatusconsultum; perh. also, sententia collegii (Inscr. Orell. 2385); S. P., sua pecunia; S. P. Q. R., Senatus Populusque Romanus, etc.

S, s, indecl. n. or (agreeing with littera) f.

The eighteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding in form to the old Greek S for S (Etruscan in a reversed form,);

in its nature a sibilant semi-vowel, whose peculiarities were much discussed by the ancients, and are even treated of in a special work by Messala, a contemporary of Augustus (Messala in libro de S littera,

Quint. 1, 7, 23; cf. Mart. Cap. 3, § 245).—

As an initial and medial it has a hard and sharp sound (which is softened, however, between two vowels), and is therefore joined only with the tenues (c, p, t; cf., on the contrary, the Gr. sbennumi);

and, as a medial, often written double after long vowels: caussa, cassus, divissiones (these forms, used by Cicero and Vergil, were already uncommon in Quintilian's time,

Quint. 1, 7, 20; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 283 sq.).—

As a final it had a weakened sound, and therefore not only admitted the medial b before it (plebs, urbs, abs; Arabs, chalybs, etc.; v. the letter B), but often entirely disappeared. So in the ante-class. poets down to the early years of Cicero (and also in his own poem, entitled Aratus, written in his youth), before words beginning with a consonant, to avoid position: Ratu' Romulus, Fulviu' Nobilior, gravi' Terra, est sati' bella, Hyperioni' cursum, Virgine' nam sibi, etc.; cf. Cic. Or. 48, 161; Quint. 9, 4, 38; and v. Freund, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. 1835, XIII. p. 25 sq.; less freq. before words beginning with a vowel, in which case, to avoid a hiatus, the vowel before s was also elided; vas' argenteis (for vasis argenteis) and palm' et crinibus (for palmis et crinibus); v. Cic. Or. 45, 153. So, too, in the fourth Epitaph of the Scipios (Inscr. Orell. 553), L. CORNELIO L. F. instead of CORNELIOS (cf. a similar elision of the M under that letter). Final s is also elided, and the preceding vowel either dropped with it or weakened, in the forms sat from satis, mage from magis; in the neutr. forms of adjectives of the third declension, acre, agreste, facile (v. the letter E); in the collat. forms of the sec. pers. sing. pass., fatere, fateare, fatebare, etc.; in the gen. sing. of the first, second, and fifth declensions, and in the nom. plur. of the first and second declensions (aurai for aura-is, analog. to reg is, etc.). Lastly, s disappears in the (mostly familiar) collat. forms abin', scin', viden', satin', from abisne, scisne, videsne, satisne, etc.—

As an etymological initial aspirate, s appears in many words whose Greek equivalents begin with a vowel: sal, semi-, serpo, sex, super, sus, corresp. to hals, hêmi-, herpô, hex, huper, us, etc.; si (archaic sei), sero, Segesta, corresp. to ei, ERÔ (whence eirô), Egesta. Less freq. in radical words beginning with a consonant: sculpo corresp. to gluphô, and the derivatives scruta, from grutê, and scrupedae, from kroupeza. To soften the termination, s appears in abs = ab, and ex corresp. to ek.—Very freq., on the contrary, an initial s appears in cognate forms in other languages, where corresp. Latin words have lost the s: Lat. fallo, Gr. sphallô; fungus, Gr. sphongos; fides, Gr. sphidê (comp. also nix with Engl. [p. 1609] snow, nurus with old Germ. snur, daughterin-law); cf. also cutis and scutum; cauda and root sku-, in Goth. skauts, etc.; casa and Gr. skia, skênê; cerno and Gr. krinô for skirnô, skôr, skôria; calumnia and skallô; gradior and root scra-, Germ. schreiten; parco and sparnos; penuria and spanis; pando and spaô; tego and stegô; tono and stonos; taurus and Sanscr. sthūras, Germ. Stier al.; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, p. 277 sqq.—In the middle of a word s is dropped in at from ast.—

S is interchanged,

Most freq. with r; in partic., an original s, between two vowels, becomes r; v. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Müll.; so foederum for foedesum, plurima for plusima, meliorem for meliosem, Lares for Lases, etc.; cf. eram and sum, quaero and quaeso, nasus and naris. Appius Claudius, the censor, is said to have introduced r into the names Furius, Valerius, etc., in place of s, B.C. 312 (v. the letter R, II.).—

With d: Claudius, from the Sabine Clausus; and, on the other hand, rosa, corresp. to the Gr. rhodon; cf. Schneid. Gram. 1, p. 259.—

With t: tensus and tentus, resina corresp. to rhêtinê; and, on the contrary, aggrettus for aggressus; mertare, pultare, for mersare, pulsare (perh. also assentor for assensor).—

With x; v. that letter.—

S is assimilated before f in the compounds of dis: differo, difficilis, diffluo, etc.; v. 3. dis.— On the other hand, it arises by assimilation from d, in assum, assumo, cessi, for adsum, adsumo, ced-si; from t in fassus, from fateor; from b in jussi, from jubeo; from m in pressi, from premo; from r in gessi, from gero; and dossuarius, from dorsum. —

As an abbreviation, S denotes sacrum, semis, sibi, suis, etc.; S. AS. D., sub asciā dedicavit; S. C., senatusconsultum; perh. also, sententia collegii (Inscr. Orell. 2385); S. P., sua pecunia; S. P. Q. R., Senatus Populusque Romanus, etc.

tempus, ŏris ( abl. temp. tempori or temperi; v. infra), n. [etym. dub.; perh. root tem-; Gr. temnô; prop. a section; hence, in partic., of time].

Lit., a portion or period of time, a time:

tempus diei,

daytime, Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 38; 1, 1, 116:

extremum diei,

Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 26; cf.:

matutina tempora,

morning hours, id. Fam. 7, 1, 1:

anni tempora,

the seasons, Lucr. 2, 33; 5, 1396; cf.:

quam (Ennam) circa sunt laetissimi flores omni tempore anni,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107:

maturius paulo, quam tempus anni postulabat, in hiberna exercitum deduxit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 54:

erat hibernum tempus anni,

Cic. Rep. 1, 12, 18; Auct. B. Alex. 43, 1.—

Esp. of the time intervening between two events, etc., an interval, period, time:

longo post tempore,

Verg. E. 1, 68:

magno post tempore,

Just. 13, 4, 25; 16, 1, 1:

brevi post tempore,

id. 1, 7, 19; 4, 4, 4; 12, 2, 6:

parvo post tempore,

Val. Max. 8, 6, 1. — Plur.:

longis temporibus ante,

Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 5.—

Transf., time, in general.

Lit.

In gen.:

tempus est, id quo nunc utimur (nam ipsum quidem generaliter definire difficile est), pars quaedam aeternitatis cum alicujus annui, menstrui, diurni nocturnive spatii certā significatione,

Cic. Inv. 1, 26, 39:

tempus esse dicunt intervallum mundi motus: id divisum in partes aliquot, maxime ab solis et lunae cursu: itaque ab eorum tenore temperato tempus dictum,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 2 Müll.: hos siderum errores id ipsum esse, quod rite dicitur tempus, Cic. Univ. 9 fin.:

neque ut celari posset, tempus spatium ullum dabat,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 14; cf.:

nisi tempus et spatium datum sit,

Cic. Quint. 1, 4:

vix huic tantulae epistulae tempus habui,

id. Att. 1, 14, 1:

egeo tempore,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 4:

unius horae tempus,

Liv. 44, 9, 4:

aliquot dierum tempus amisit,

Lact. Mort. Pers. 45, 5:

tempus duorum mensium petere ad delectus habendos,

Liv. 29, 5, 7:

triginta dierum tempus petens, ut, etc.,

id. 38, 37, 10:

tempus, pacis an belli, festinationis an otii,

Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 211:

ut tempora postulabant belli,

Liv. 24, 8, 7:

nec belli tantum temporibus, sed etiam in pace,

id. 35, 28, 1:

temporibus Punici belli,

Just. 30, 3, 1; 43, 4, 11:

mihi vero omne tempus est ad meos libros vacuum,

Cic. Rep. 1, 9, 14:

erit, erit illud profecto tempus et illucescet ille aliquando dies, cum, etc.,

id. Mil. 26, 69:

ex quo tempore tu me diligere coepisti,

id. Fam. 3, 4, 2:

eo tempore, quo promulgatum de multā ejus traditur,

Liv. 6, 38, 12; 23, 10, 13:

tempore, quo in homine non ut nunc omnia consentientia,

id. 2, 32, 9:

privatum eo tempore Quinctium fuisse, cum sacramento adacti sint,

id. 3, 20, 4:

per idem tempus,

Cic. Brut. 83, 286:

quos ad me id temporis venturos esse praedixeram,

at that time, id. Cat. 1, 4, 10:

scripta in aliquod tempus reponantur,

Quint. 10, 4, 2:

non tantulum Umquam intermittit tempus, quin, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 32:

uno et eodem temporis puncto nati... nascendi tempus,

Cic. Div. 2, 45, 95; cf.:

alienum tempus est mihi tecum expostulandi,

id. Fam. 3, 10, 6:

dare tempus exponendi de aliquā re,

id. ib. 1, 9, 3:

committendi proelii,

Caes. B. G. 2, 19:

edendi,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 22:

curandi,

id. ib. 1, 2, 39:

tyranno ad consultandum tempus datum est,

Liv. 34, 33, 5:

datum cum iis conloquendi tempus,

id. 26, 22, 11; 45, 24, 11.—In plur.:

id certis temporibus futurum,

Cic. Rep. 1, 15, 23:

si Athenienses quibusdam temporibus nihil nisi, etc., agebant,

id. ib. 1, 27, 43:

superioribus temporibus ad te nullas litteras misi,

id. Fam. 5, 17, 1:

illis temporibus,

id. Lael. 1, 5:

temporibus illis,

id. Arch. 3, 6. —

In partic., the time, i. e. the fitting or appointed time, the right season, proper period, opportunity, = kairos:

nunc occasio est et tempus,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 3:

tempus maximum est, ut, etc.,

id. Mil. 4, 3, 9:

spero ego, mihi quoque Tempus tale eventurum, ut tibi gratiam referam parem,

id. Merc. 5, 4, 39; cf.:

tempus habes tale, quale nemo habuit umquam,

Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 27:

dicas: tempus maxumum esse ut eat domum,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 8:

nunc hora, viri, nunc tempus: adeste,

Sil. 11, 194:

consul paulisper addubitavit, an consurgendi jam triariis tempus esset,

Liv. 8, 10, 1:

cum jam moriendi tempus urgueret,

was close at hand, Cic. Tusc. 1, 43, 103; Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 20:

verno inserentis tempus urguet,

Plin. 17, 14, 24, § 113: tempus est, with inf.:

sed jam tempus est, ad id quod instituimus accedere,

Cic. Top. 1, 5:

dicere aliquid de ordine argumentorum,

id. de Or. 2, 42, 181:

conari etiam majora,

Liv. 6, 18, 12:

nunc corpora curare tempus est,

id. 21, 54, 2:

tibi abire,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 215:

jam tempus agi res,

Verg. A. 5, 638:

tempus est jam hinc abire me,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:

suo tempore,

at a fitting time, id. Lael. 3, 11; cf. id. Phil. 14, 6, 15; id. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 139; Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 44.—

tempŏra, um (less freq. in the sing. tempus), after the Gr. ta kairia (prop. the right place, the fatal spot), the temples of the head; plur.:

duae suturae super aures tempora a superiore capitis parte discernunt,

Cels. 8, 1; Plin. 20, 6, 23, § 54; Lucr. 1, 930; 4, 5; 6, 1194; Tib. 2, 2, 7; Verg. A. 5, 416; Hor. C. 1, 7, 23; 3, 25, 20; 4, 1, 32; 4, 8, 33 et saep.— Sing.:

contorquet brachium et Graccho percutit tempus,

Auct. Her. 4, 55, 68; Verg. A. 9, 418; Sil. 12, 414; Stat. Th. 10, 110; Vitr. 9, 6; Flor. 4, 12, 44 Duk. N. cr.; Vulg. Judic. 4, 21; 5, 26.— Poet., transf., the face, visage in gen., Prop. 2, 24 (3, 18), 3; 2, 18, 32 (3, 11, 10).— The head:

jacuit pulsus tria tempora ramo Cacus,

upon his three heads, Prop. 4 (5), 9, 15.— Sing.:

tremulum movens Cana tempus anilitas Omnia omnibus annuit,

Cat. 61, 162. —

Transf.

The time in its moral aspects; the state of the times, position, state, condition; in plur., the times, circumstances (esp. freq. of dangerous or distressful cir cumstances):

si ad tuum tempus perduci tur, facilis gubernatio est,

time of administration, consulship, Cic. Fam. 10, 1, 2:

omne meum tempus amicorum temporibus transmittendum putavi... et meus labor in privatorum periculis versatus,

id. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1:

quid a me cujusque tempus poscat,

id. Planc. 32, 79:

tempori meo defuerunt,

my necessity, id. Sest. 58, 123; cf.:

qui tot annos ita vivo, ut a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo aut otium meum abstraxerit aut, etc.,

id. Arch. 6, 12:

tempori cedere, id est necessitati parere, semper sapientis est habitum,

id. Fam. 4, 9, 2:

nisi forte temporis causā nobis adsentiebare,

id. Tusc. 4, 4, 8:

neque poëtae tempori meo defuerunt,

id. Sest. 58, 123; cf.:

suscipere onus laboris atque officii ex necessariorum tempore,

id. Div. in Caecil. 2, 5:

in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,

id. Fl. 3, 6:

tempore summo rei publicae,

id. Phil. 5, 17, 46; id. Verr. 1, 1, 1; cf.:

pecuniam conferre in rei publicae magnum aliquod tempus,

id. Off. 3, 24, 93:

pro tempore atque periculo exercitum conparare,

Sall. C. 30, 5:

o saepe mecum tempus in ultimum Deducte,

to the last extremity, Hor. C. 2, 7, 1:

eae (res) contra nos faciunt in hoc tempore,

at the present time, under the present circumstances, Cic. Quint. 1, 1; cf.:

nec miserae prodesse in tali tempore quibat,

Lucr. 1, 93:

indignatus, dici ea in tali tempore audirique,

Liv. 30, 37, 8; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 475.—In plur.:

incidunt saepe tempora, cum ea, etc.,

Cic. Off. 1, 10, 31:

omnes illae orationes causarum ac temporum sunt,

id. Clu. 50, 139:

tempora rei publicae, qualia futura sint, quis scit? mihi quidem turbulenta videntur fore,

id. Fam. 2, 18, 3:

scripsi versibus tres libros de temporibus meis,

id. ib. 1, 9, 23; cf. id. ib. §

11: dubia formidolosaque tempora,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 1, § 1:

cedere temporibus,

id. Mil. 1, 2:

animus secundis Temporibus dubiisque rectus,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 36:

Madates erat regionis praefectus, haud sane temporum homo,

Curt. 5, 3, 4.—

Time in poetry and rhetoric, i. e. measure, quantity:

idem facit in trochaeo, qui temporibus et intervallis est par iambo,

Cic. Or. 57, 194; cf.:

tempora certa modique,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 58:

rhythmi spatio temporum constant,

Quint. 9, 4, 46 sq. —

In gram., a tense of a verb, Varr. L. L. 9, § 32; 95 sq.; 10, § 47 Müll.; Quint. 1, 5, 47; 9, 1, 11; 9, 3, 11 et saep.—

Adverb. phrases.

tempŏrē, and more freq in adverb. form, tempŏrī or tempĕrī, at the right or fitting time, at the appointed time, in time, betimes, timely, seasonably:

rogat, satisne tempori opera sient confecta,

Cato, R. R. 2, 1; 3, 4; cf.:

qui vult sua tempori conficere officia,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 16: reddere aliquid tempori, Titin. ap. Non. 369, 22:

sequimini, ut, quod imperatum est, veniam advorsum temperi,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 90; cf.:

temperi huic anteveni,

id. Trin. 4, 2, 66:

temperi ego faxo scies,

id. Ps. 1, 3, 153:

ut cenam coqueret temperi,

id. Stich. 5, 2, 6; id. Cas. 2, 6, 60.—In a punning allusion to the meaning temple (v. supra): Eu. Coquite, facite, festinate nunc jam, quantum lubet. Co. Temperi:

postquam implevisti fusti fissorum caput,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 3, 6:

ego renovabo commendationem, sed tempore,

Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 1:

temporis ars medicina fere est: data tempore prosunt, Et data non apto tempore vina nocent,

Ov. R. Am. 131 sq.:

tempore abest,

id. H. 4, 109.— Comp.:

memini te mihi Phameae cenam narrare: temperius fiat: cetera eodem modo,

Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 8:

modo surgis Eoo Temperius caelo, modo serius incidis undis,

more betimes, earlier, Ov. M. 4, 198:

ut propter cibi spem temporius ad officinam redeant,

Col. 8, 4, 3; 2, 8, 12; App.M. 9, p. 229, 22.—

Form tempore, in time, with the progress of time, gradually:

tempore ruricolae patiens fit taurus aratri,... Tempore paret equus habenis,

Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 1 sqq. —

Ad tempus.

At the right or appointed time, in time:

ad tempus redire,

Cic. Att. 13, 45, 2:

ad tempus venire,

Liv. 38, 25:

ad tempus ei mendacium vestrum accommodavistis,

Cic. Cael. 7, 17.—

For some time, for the time being, for a while, for the moment:

quae (perturbatio animi) plerumque brevis est et ad tempus,

Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27:

coli ad tempus,

id. Lael. 15, 53: [p. 1852] dux ad tempus lectus, Liv. 28, 42, 5; Tac. A. 1, 1; cf.:

ad breve (sc. tempus),

Suet. Tib. 68. —

Ante tempus, before the right time, too soon:

ante tempus mori miserum esse,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 39, 93; id. Lael. 3, 11:

ante tempus domo digressus,

Sall. J. 79, 7; Suet. Aug. 26; cf.:

sero post tempus venis,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 90.—

Ex tempore, instantaneously, forthwith, on the spur of the moment, extempore:

versus fundere ex tempore,

Cic. de Or. 3, 50, 194:

magnum numerum optimorum versuum dicere ex tempore,

id. Arch. 8, 18:

scribere,

Quint. 10, 3, 17; Sen. Contr. 3, praef.—

According to circumstances:

expedire rem et consilium ex tempore capere posse,

Cic. Off. 2, 9, 33:

haec melius ex re et ex tempore constitues,

id. Fam. 12, 19, 2.—

In tempore, at the right, proper, or appropriate time, in time:

in tempore ad eam veni,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 123:

in ipso tempore eccum ipsum,

in the nick of time, id. And. 3, 2, 52:

ni pedites equitesque in tempore subvenissent,

Liv. 33, 5, 2:

in tempore memorare,

Tac. A. 1, 58 fin. —

In tempus, for a time, temporarily:

scena in tempus structa,

Tac. A. 14, 20; cf.:

in omne tempus,

forever, Cic. Fam. 5, 15, 1.—

Per tempus, at the right time, in time:

non potuisti magis per tempus mihi advenire quam advenis,

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 30; cf.:

per tempus subvenistis mihi,

id. Truc. 1, 2, 85.—

Pro tempore, according to circumstances:

consilium pro tempore et pro re capere,

Caes. B. G. 5, 8:

pauca pro tempore milites hortatus,

Sall. J. 49, 6; Verg. E. 7, 35; Ov. Tr. 4, 2, 23.