să-lĭus

Manlĭus, a, name of a Roman gens.

So esp. M. Manlius Capitolinus, who saved the Capitol in the Gallic war, but afterwards, suspected of aspiring to royal power, was thrown from the Tarpeian Rock, Liv. 5, 47, 4 sq.; 6, 11 sq.; Cic. Rep. 2, 27, 49; id. Phil. 1, 13, 32; 2, 44, 113 et saep.—

L. Manlius Torquatus, a dictator, and his son, T. Manlius Torquatus, a consul, each of whom, for his severity, was surnamed Imperiosus, Liv. 7, 3 sq.; 8, 7, 1; Cic. Off. 3, 31, 112; cf. id. Fin. 2, 19, 60 et saep.—Hence,

Man-lĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Manlius, Manlian:

gens,

Cic. Phil. 1, 13, 32; Liv. 6, 20, 15.—

Manlĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Manlius, Manlian:

supplicium,

Liv. 6, 20.— Transf. (from L. Manlius Torquatus, v. supra), severe:

vide, ne ista sint manliana vestra, aut majora etiam, si imperes quod facere non possim (preceded by ut nimis imperiosi philosophi sit),

Cic. Fin. 2, 32, 105; cf. Liv. 8, 7 fin. — Subst.: Manlĭānum, i, n., a villa belonging to Q. Cicero, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 1.

Manlĭus, a, name of a Roman gens.

So esp. M. Manlius Capitolinus, who saved the Capitol in the Gallic war, but afterwards, suspected of aspiring to royal power, was thrown from the Tarpeian Rock, Liv. 5, 47, 4 sq.; 6, 11 sq.; Cic. Rep. 2, 27, 49; id. Phil. 1, 13, 32; 2, 44, 113 et saep.—

L. Manlius Torquatus, a dictator, and his son, T. Manlius Torquatus, a consul, each of whom, for his severity, was surnamed Imperiosus, Liv. 7, 3 sq.; 8, 7, 1; Cic. Off. 3, 31, 112; cf. id. Fin. 2, 19, 60 et saep.—Hence,

Man-lĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Manlius, Manlian:

gens,

Cic. Phil. 1, 13, 32; Liv. 6, 20, 15.—

Manlĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Manlius, Manlian:

supplicium,

Liv. 6, 20.— Transf. (from L. Manlius Torquatus, v. supra), severe:

vide, ne ista sint manliana vestra, aut majora etiam, si imperes quod facere non possim (preceded by ut nimis imperiosi philosophi sit),

Cic. Fin. 2, 32, 105; cf. Liv. 8, 7 fin. — Subst.: Manlĭānum, i, n., a villa belonging to Q. Cicero, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 1.

Manlĭus, a, name of a Roman gens.

So esp. M. Manlius Capitolinus, who saved the Capitol in the Gallic war, but afterwards, suspected of aspiring to royal power, was thrown from the Tarpeian Rock, Liv. 5, 47, 4 sq.; 6, 11 sq.; Cic. Rep. 2, 27, 49; id. Phil. 1, 13, 32; 2, 44, 113 et saep.—

L. Manlius Torquatus, a dictator, and his son, T. Manlius Torquatus, a consul, each of whom, for his severity, was surnamed Imperiosus, Liv. 7, 3 sq.; 8, 7, 1; Cic. Off. 3, 31, 112; cf. id. Fin. 2, 19, 60 et saep.—Hence,

Man-lĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Manlius, Manlian:

gens,

Cic. Phil. 1, 13, 32; Liv. 6, 20, 15.—

Manlĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Manlius, Manlian:

supplicium,

Liv. 6, 20.— Transf. (from L. Manlius Torquatus, v. supra), severe:

vide, ne ista sint manliana vestra, aut majora etiam, si imperes quod facere non possim (preceded by ut nimis imperiosi philosophi sit),

Cic. Fin. 2, 32, 105; cf. Liv. 8, 7 fin. — Subst.: Manlĭānum, i, n., a villa belonging to Q. Cicero, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 1.

Mĕdŭli, ōrum, m., a people in Aquitanian Gaul, whose coast was famous for its oysters, in the mod. Medoc, Aus. Ep. 4, 2; 7, 1.—Hence,

Mĕdŭlus or Mĕdŭ-lĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Meduli, Medulian, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 62.—

Mĕdŭlĭcus, a, um, adj., Medulian:

supellex,

i. e. oysters, Sid. Ep. 8, 12.

Mĕdŭli, ōrum, m., a people in Aquitanian Gaul, whose coast was famous for its oysters, in the mod. Medoc, Aus. Ep. 4, 2; 7, 1.—Hence,

Mĕdŭlus or Mĕdŭ-lĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Meduli, Medulian, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 62.—

Mĕdŭlĭcus, a, um, adj., Medulian:

supellex,

i. e. oysters, Sid. Ep. 8, 12.

Mĕdŭli, ōrum, m., a people in Aquitanian Gaul, whose coast was famous for its oysters, in the mod. Medoc, Aus. Ep. 4, 2; 7, 1.—Hence,

Mĕdŭlus or Mĕdŭ-lĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Meduli, Medulian, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 62.—

Mĕdŭlĭcus, a, um, adj., Medulian:

supellex,

i. e. oysters, Sid. Ep. 8, 12.

Rŭtī̆lĭus, i, m. [rutilus, cf. Fest. p. 264 and 265 Müll.], name of a Roman gens.

P. Rutilius Rufus, consul A. U. C. 649, an orator, jurist, and historian, Cic. Brut. 29 sq. Ellendt; Suet. Aug. 89; Quint. 5, 2, 4; 11, 1, 12.—

P. Rutilius Lupus, a rhetorician in the time of Augustus and Tiberius, Quint. 9, 2, 102; 9, 3, 89.—Hence,

Rŭtī̆lĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Rutilius:

constitutio,

Gai. Inst. 4, 35 (but in Cic. Brut. 23, 89, the correct reading is Rutilii narratione).

Sălĭi, ōrum, m. [2. salio; hence, prop., the Leapers, Jumpers], a college of priests at Rome dedicated by Numa to the service of Mars, who, armed and bearing the ancilia (v. ancile), with songs and dances, made solemn processions every year, in the first half of March, about the city and its sacred places. Their songs, being in an obsolete language, were almost unintelligible in the class. per.:

Salii a salitando, quod facere in Comitio in sacris quotannis et solent et debent,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 85 Müll.; cf. Ov. F. 3, 260 sq.; Liv. 1, 20; Fest. s. h. v. p. 326 Müll.; id. s. v. axamenta, p. 3 ib.; Cic. Rep. 2, 14, 26; id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

Saliūm,

Hor. C. 1, 36, 12; 4, 1, 28; Verg. A. 8, 663; Quint. 1, 6, 40; 1, 10, 20; Val. Max. 1, 1, 9; Capitol. M. Aur. 4.—In Tibur such Salii were priests of Hercules, Serv. Verg. A. 8, 285; Macr. S. 3, 12; cf. Inscr. Orell. 2249; 2761; and v. axamenta;

hence also in Virg. (ubertate doctrinae altioris,

Macr. 1.1.), introduced as priests of Hercules, Verg. A. 8, 285.—There were also in Alba such Salii, Inscr. Orell. 2247 and 2248.—In sing.:

SALIVS,

Inscr. Orell. 2242 sq. —Hence, Să-lĭus, a, um, adj.

Of or belonging to the Salii:

Salias virgines Cincius ait esse conducticias, quae ad Salios adhibeantur, cum apicibus paludatas, quas Aelius Stilo scripsit sacrificium facere in regiā cum pontifice paludatas cum apicibus in modum Saliorum,

Fest. p. 329 Müll.; cf. Marquardt 1. 1. p. 374.—

(=Saliaris, II.) Sumptuous:

Saliae (sc. epulae),

App. M. 4, 22.

Sălĭi, ōrum, m., the Salians, a part of the Franks, Amm. 17, 8, 3.—In sing., Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 222. [p. 1619]

săpĭo, īvi or ĭi (sapui, Aug. Civ. Dei, 1, 10; id. Ep. 102, 10; but sapivi, Nov. ap. Prisc. p. 879 P.; id. ap. Non. 508, 21:

saPisti,

Mart. 9, 6, 7:

sapisset,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 1, 8), 3, v. n. and a. [kindr. with opos, saphês, and sophos], to taste, savor; to taste, smack, or savor of, to have a taste or flavor of a thing (cf. gusto).

Lit. (so only in a few examples).

Of things eaten or drunk:

oleum male sapiet,

Cato, R. R. 66, 1:

occisam saepe sapere plus multo suem,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 104:

quin caseus jucundissime sapiat,

Col. 7, 8, 2:

nil rhombus nil dama sapit,

Juv. 11, 121.—With an acc. of that of or like which a thing tastes:

quis (piscis) saperet ipsum mare,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 18, 2:

cum in Hispaniā multa mella herbam eam sapiunt,

Plin. 11, 8, 8, § 18:

ipsum aprum (ursina),

Petr. 66, 6.— Poet.: anas plebeium sapit, has a vulgar taste, Petr. poët. 93, 2:

quaesivit quidnam saperet simius,

Phaedr. 3, 4, 3.—

Of that which tastes, to have a taste or a sense of taste (perh. so used for the sake of the play upon signif. II.):

nec sequitur, ut, cui cor sapiat, ei non sapiat palatus,

Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 24.—

Transf., of smell, to smell of or like a thing (syn.: oleo, redoleo; very rare): Cicero, Meliora, inquit, unguenta sunt, quae terram quam crocum sapiunt. Hoc enim maluit dixisse quam redolent. Ita est profecto;

illa erit optima, quae unguenta sapiat,

Plin. 17, 5, 3, § 38:

invenitur unguenta gratiosiora esse, quae terram, quam quae crocum sapiunt,

id. 13, 3, 4, § 21.—In a lusus verbb. with signif. II.: istic servus quid sapit? Ch. Hircum ab alis, Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 47.—

Trop.

To taste or smell of, savor of, i. e.,

To resemble (late Lat.):

patruos,

Pers. 1, 11.—

To suggest, be inspired by:

quia non sapis ea quae Dei sunt,

Vulg. Matt. 16, 23; id. Marc. 8, 33.—

Altum or alta sapere, to be high-minded or proud:

noli altum sapere,

Vulg. Rom. 11, 20:

non alta sapientes,

id. ib. 12, 16.—

To have good taste, i.e. to have sense or discernment; to be sensible, discreet, prudent, wise, etc. (the predominant signif. in prose and poetry; most freq. in the P. a.).

Neutr., Plaut. Ps. 2, 3, 14:

si aequum siet Me plus sapere quam vos, dederim vobis consilium catum, etc.,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 73 sq.:

jam diu edepol sapientiam tuam abusa est haec quidem. Nunc hinc sapit, hinc sentit,

id. Poen. 5, 4, 30; cf.:

populus est moderatior, quoad sentit et sapit tuerique vult per se constitutam rem publicam,

Cic. Rep. 1, 42, 65;

so (with sentire),

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 292; id. Bacch. 4, 7, 19; id. Merc. 2, 2, 24; id. Trin. 3, 2, 10 sq.; cf.:

qui sapere et fari possit quae sentiat,

Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 9; Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 14:

magna est admiratio copiose sapienterque dicentis, quem qui audiunt intellegere etiam et sapere plus quam ceteros arbitrantur,

Cic. Off. 2, 14, 48:

veluti mater Plus quam se sapere Vult (filium),

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 27:

qui (puer) cum primum sapere coepit,

Cic. Fam. 14, 1, 1; Poët. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 16, 1:

malo, si sapis, cavebis,

if you are prudent, wise, Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 17; so,

si sapis,

id. Eun. 1, 1, 31; id. Men. 1, 2, 13; id. Am. 1, 1, 155; id. Aul. 2, 9, 5; id. Curc. 1, 1, 28 et saep.; Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 53; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 138:

si sapias,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 39; 4, 4, 61; id. Poen. 1, 2, 138; Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 33; Ov. H. 5, 99; 20, 174:

si sapies,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 78; id. Rud. 5, 3, 35; Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 26; Ov. M. 14, 675:

si sapiam,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 38; id. Rud. 1, 2, 8:

si sapiet,

id. Bacch. 4, 9, 74:

si saperet,

Cic. Quint. 4, 16: hi sapient, * Caes. B. G. 5, 30: Ph. Ibo. Pl. Sapis, you show your good sense, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 9; id. Merc. 5, 2, 40:

hic homo sapienter sapit,

id. Poen. 3, 2, 26:

quae (meretrix) sapit in vino ad rem suam,

id. Truc. 4, 4, 1; cf. id. Pers. 1, 3, 28:

ad omnia alia aetate sapimus rectius,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 46:

haud stulte sapis,

id. Heaut. 2, 3, 82:

te aliis consilium dare, Foris sapere,

id. ib. 5, 1, 50:

pectus quoi sapit,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 12; id. Mil. 3, 1, 191; id. Trin. 1, 2, 53; cf.:

cui cor sapiat,

Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 24:

id (sc. animus mensque) sibi solum per se sapit, id sibi gaudet,

Lucr. 3, 145.—

Act., to know, understand a thing (in good prose usually only with general objects):

recte ego rem meam sapio,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 81:

nullam rem,

id. Most. 5, 1, 45: qui sibi semitam non sapiunt, alteri monstrant viam, Poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132; Cic. Att. 14, 5, 1; Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 65; cf.:

quamquam quis, qui aliquid sapiat, nunc esse beatus potest?

Cic. Fam. 7, 28, 1:

quantum ego sapio,

Plin. Ep. 3, 6, 1:

jam nihil sapit nec sentit,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 22:

nihil,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 19, 45:

plane nihil,

id. Div. in Caecil. 17, 55: nihil parvum, i. e. to occupy one ' s mind with nothing trivial (with sublimia cures), Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 15; cf.: cum sapimus patruos, i.e. resemble them, imitate them in severity, Pers. 1, 11. —

Prov.: sero sapiunt Phryges, are wise behind the time; or, as the Engl. saying is, are troubled with afterwit:

sero sapiunt Phryges proverbium est natum a Trojanis, qui decimo denique anno velle coeperant Helenam quaeque cum eā erant rapta reddere Achivis,

Fest. p. 343 Müll.:

in Equo Trojano (a tragedy of Livius Andronicus or of Naevius) scis esse in extremo, Sero sapiunt. Tu tamen, mi vetule, non sero,

Cic. Fam. 7, 16, 1.—Hence, să-pĭens, entis ( abl. sing. sapiente, Ov. M. 10, 622; gen. plur. sapientum, Lucr. 2, 8; Hor. S. 2, 3, 296;

but sapientium,

id. C. 3, 21, 14), P. a. (acc. to II.), wise, knowing, sensible, well-advised, discreet, judicious (cf. prudens).

In gen.:

ut quisque maxime perspicit, quid in re quāque verissimum sit, quique acutissime et celerrime potest et videre et explicare rationem, is prudentissimus et sapientissimus rite haberi solet,

Cic. Off. 1, 5, 16; cf.:

sapientissimum esse dicunt eum, cui quod opus sit ipsi veniat in mentem: proxume acceder illum, qui alterius bene inventis obtemperet,

id. Clu. 31, 84:

M. Bucculeius, homo neque meo judicio stultus et suo valde sapiens,

id. de Or. 1, 39, 179:

rex aequus ac sapiens,

id. Rep. 1, 26, 42; cf.:

Cyrus justissimus sapientissimusque rex,

id. ib. 1, 27, 43:

bonus et sapiens et peritus utilitatis civilis,

id. ib. 2, 29, 52:

o, Neptune lepide, salve, Neque te aleator ullus est sapientior,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 29:

quae tibi mulier videtur multo sapientissima?

id. Stich. 1, 2, 66:

(Aurora) ibat ad hunc (Cephalum) sapiens a sene diva viro,

wise, discreet, Ov. H. 4, 96 Ruhnk.; so,

puella,

id. M. 10, 622:

mus pusillus quam sit sapiens bestia,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 15; id. As. 3, 3, 114 et saep.—With gen. (analogous to gnarus, peritus, etc.):

qui sapiens rerum esse humanarum velit,

Gell. 13, 8, 2.— Subst.: săpĭens, entis, m., a sensible, shrewd, knowing, discreet, or judicious person:

semper cavere hoc sapientes aequissimumst,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 20; cf.:

omnes sapientes suom officium aequom est colere et facere,

id. Stich. 1, 1, 38; id. Trin. 2, 2, 84:

dictum sapienti sat est,

id. Pers. 4, 7, 19; Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 8; Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 15 sq.:

insani sapiens nomen ferat, aequus iniqui,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 15:

sapiens causas reddet,

id. S. 1, 4, 115:

quali victu sapiens utetur,

id. ib. 2, 2, 63; 1, 3, 132.—In a lusus verbb. with the signif. of sapio, I., a person of nice taste:

qui utuntur vino vetere sapientes puto Et qui libenter veteres spectant fabulas,

good judges, connoisseurs, Plaut. Cas. prol. 5: fecundae [p. 1630] leporis sapiens sectabitur armos, Hor. S. 2, 4, 44.—As a surname of the jurists Atilius, C. Fabricius, M'. Curius, Ti. Coruncanius, Cato al., v. under B. fin. —

Of abstract things:

opera,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 5, 2:

excusatio,

Cic. Att. 8, 12, 2:

modica et sapiens temperatio,

id. Leg. 3, 7, 17:

mores,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 25:

verba,

Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 7:

consilium,

Ov. M. 13, 433:

Ulixes, vir sapienti facundiā praeditus,

Gell. 1, 15, 3:

morus, quae novissima urbanarum germinat, nec nisi exacto frigore, ob id dicta sapientissima arborum,

Plin. 16, 25, 41, § 102.—

After the predominance of Grecian civilization and literature, particularly of the Grecian philosophy, like sophos, well acquainted with the true value of things, wise; and subst., a wise man, a sage (in Cic. saepiss.): ergo hic, quisquis est, qui moderatione et constantiā quietus animo est sibique ipse placatus ut nec tabescat molestiis nec frangatur timore nec sitienter quid expetens ardeat desiderio nec alacritate futili gestiens deliquescat;

is est sapiens quem quaerimus, is est beatus,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 37:

sapientium praecepta,

id. Rep. 3, 4, 7:

si quod raro fit, id portentum putandum est: sapientem esse portentum est. Saepius enim mulam peperisse arbitror, quam sapientem fuisse,

id. Div. 2, 28, 61:

statuere quid sit sapiens, vel maxime videtur esse sapientis,

id. Ac. 2, 3, 9; cf. id. Rep. 1, 29, 45.—So esp. of the seven wise men of Greece:

ut ad Graecos referam orationem... septem fuisse dicuntur uno tempore, qui sapientes et haberentur et vocarentur,

Cic. de Or. 3, 34, 137:

eos vero septem quos Graeci sapientes nominaverunt,

id. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

sapienti assentiri... se sapientem profiteri,

id. Fin. 2,3, 7.—Ironically:

sapientum octavus,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 296.—With the Romans, an appellation of Lœlius: te, Laeli, sapientem et appellant et existimant. Tribuebatur hoc modo M. Catoni: scimus L. Atilium apud patres nostros appellatum esse sapientem, sed uterque alio quodam modo: Atilius, qui prudens esse in jure civili putabatur;

Cato quia multarum rerum usum habebat... propterea quasi cognomen jam habebat in senectute sapientis... Athenis unum accepimus et eum quidem etiam Apollinis oraculo sapientissimum judicatum,

Cic. Lael. 2, 6; cf.:

numquam ego dicam C. Fabricium, M'. Curium, Ti. Coruncanium, quos sapientes nostri majores judicabant, ad istorum normam fuisse sapientes,

id. ib. 5, 18:

ii, qui sapientes sunt habiti, M. Cato et C. Laelius,

id. Off. 3, 4, 16; Val. Max. 4, 1, ext. 7; Lact. 4, 1.—Hence, adv.: săpĭen-ter, sensibly, discreetly, prudently, judiciously, wisely:

recte et sapienter facere,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 133; id. Mil. 3, 3, 34:

consulere,

id. ib. 3, 1, 90:

insipienter factum sapienter ferre,

id. Truc. 4, 3, 33:

factum,

id. Aul. 3, 5, 3:

dicta,

id. Rud. 4, 7, 24:

quam sapienter jam reges hoc nostri viderint,

Cic. Rep. 2, 17, 31:

provisa,

id. ib. 4, 3, 3:

a majoribus prodita fama,

id. ib. 2, 2, 4:

considerate etiam sapienterque fecerunt,

id. Phil. 4, 2, 6; 13, 6, 13:

vives sapienter,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 44:

agendum,

Ov. M. 13, 377:

temporibus uti,

Nep. Epam. 3, 1; Hor. C. 4, 9, 48.— Comp.:

facis sapientius Quam pars latronum, etc.,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 3, 15; id. Poen. prol. 7:

nemo est, qui tibi sapientius suadere possit te ipso,

Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 1:

sapientius fecisse,

id. Brut. 42, 155.— Sup.:

quod majores nostros et probavisse maxime et retinuisse sapientissime judico,

Cic. Rep. 2, 37, 63.

Sējus or Sēius, i, m., a Roman name, Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 7; 3, 2, 11 sq.; Cic. Planc. 5, 12; id. Off. 2, 17, 58; Tac. A. 2, 20; 4, 1; 6, 7 al.—Hence,

Sējānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Sejus, Sejan:

aedes,

Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 7 fin.:

pastiones,

id. ib. 3, [p. 1663] 2, 7, § 12: equus, the horse of a certain Cn. Sejus, that brought misfortune to him and to all subsequent possessors:

hinc proverbium de hominibus calamitosis ortum dicique solitum: ille homo habet equum Sejanum,

Gell. 3, 9, 6.—

Subst.: L. Aelius Sejanus, son of Sejus Strabo, the powerful praefectus praetorii of Tiberius, Tac. A. 4, 1 sq.; Tib. 55 sq.—Hence, Sējānĭānus, a, um, adj., of or pertaining to L. Ælius Sejanus:

satellites,

Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 1, 2:

Sejanianum jugum,

id. ib. 1, 3.

Sējus or Sēius, i, m., a Roman name, Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 7; 3, 2, 11 sq.; Cic. Planc. 5, 12; id. Off. 2, 17, 58; Tac. A. 2, 20; 4, 1; 6, 7 al.—Hence,

Sējānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Sejus, Sejan:

aedes,

Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 7 fin.:

pastiones,

id. ib. 3, [p. 1663] 2, 7, § 12: equus, the horse of a certain Cn. Sejus, that brought misfortune to him and to all subsequent possessors:

hinc proverbium de hominibus calamitosis ortum dicique solitum: ille homo habet equum Sejanum,

Gell. 3, 9, 6.—

Subst.: L. Aelius Sejanus, son of Sejus Strabo, the powerful praefectus praetorii of Tiberius, Tac. A. 4, 1 sq.; Tib. 55 sq.—Hence, Sējānĭānus, a, um, adj., of or pertaining to L. Ælius Sejanus:

satellites,

Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 1, 2:

Sejanianum jugum,

id. ib. 1, 3.

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `slumber, be sleepy'.

Other forms: most pres. (Hp., Att.), aor. - άξαι (Thphr., LXX), - άσαι (Dionys. Corn., AP).

Compounds: Also w. prefix, e.g. ὑπο-, ἐπι-.

Derivatives: νυσταγμός m. `drowsiness' (Hp., LXX), νύσταγμα n. `nap, short sleep' (LXX), νύσταξις H. as explanation of νῶκαρ; νυστακτής as adjunct of ὕπνος (Ar. V. 12, Alciphr.), - ακτικῶς `in a sleepy way' (Gal.). Also νυσταλέος `sleepy' (Aret., H.), after ὑπναλέος with jumping over of the presentsuffix (Debrunner IF 23, 18), νύσταλος (Com. Adesp.) wit νυσταλωπιᾶν νυστάζειν H.

Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [987] * snud- `sleepy, slumber'

Etymology: Of νυστάζω strongly remind some Baltic expressions for `slumber, sleepy', e.g. Lith. snús-tu, snúd-au, snús-ti `slumber away' with snud-à, snùd-is `sleeper, dreamer'; with diff. ablaut snáud-žiu, snáus-ti `slumber'; further with l-suffix but independent of νυσταλέος Lith. snaudãlius `sleepy man', Latv. snaudule `sleepy-head' (de Saussure MSL 6, 76 = Rec. 412, Schulze KZ 29, 263 = Kl. Schr. 376). Then - τάζω is purely enlarging as in κλασ-τάζω (κλα[σ]- or κλαδ-), βαστάζω ( βαδ-?) a.o.; cf. Schwyzer 706. If right, the old obvious connection with νεύω `nod' (thus still Schwyzer 348; against it Georgacas Glotta 36, 173) must fall. -- After Solmsen Glotta 2, 75 ff., here also νυθόν, νοῦθος (s.v.); very doubtful.

Page in Frisk: 2,

SUBJECT AREA: Mining and extraction technology

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While attending the drilling of artesian wells in southern France in 1833, Fauvelle noticed that the debris from the borehole was carried out by the ascending water. This observation caused him to conceive the idea that the boring process need not necessarily be interrupted in order to clear the hole with an auger. It took him eleven years to develop his idea and to find financial backing to carry out his project in practice. In 1844, within a period of fifty-four days, he secretly bored an artesian well 219 m (718 ft) deep in Perpignan. One year later he secured his invention with a patent in France, and with another the following year in Spain.

Fauvelle's process involved water being forced by a pressure pump through hollow rods to the bottom of the drill, whence it ascended through the annular space between the rod and the wall of the borehole, thus flushing the mud up to the surface. This method was similar to that of Robert Beart who had secured a patent in Britain but had not put it into practice. Although Fauvelle was not primarily concerned with the rotating action of the drill, his hydraulic boring method and its subsequent developments by his stepson, Alphonse de Basterot, formed an important step towards modern rotary drilling, which began with the work of Anthony F. Lucas near Beaumont, Texas, at the turn of the twentieth century. In the 1870s Albert Fauck, who also contributed important developments to the structure of boring rigs, had combined Fauvelle's hydraulic system with core-boring in the United States.

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See also: Crælius, Per Anton

SUBJECT AREA: Horology, Mining and extraction technology

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By about 1843, Leschot, who was renowned for designing machines to produce parts of clocks on an industrialized scale, had gathered that the fine, deep lines he found on an Egyptian red porphyry plate must have been cut by diamonds. He thus resurrected a technology that had been largely forgotten over the centuries, when in 1862 his son, who was engaged in constructing a railway line in Italy, was confronted with the problems of tunnelling through hard rock. In Paris he developed a drilling machine consisting of a casing that rotated in a similar way to the American rope drilling method. The crown of the machine was mounted with eight black diamonds, and inside the casing a stream of water circulated continuously to flush out the mud.

He took out his first patent in France in 1862, and followed it with further ones in many European countries and in America. He continued to concentrate on his watchmaker's profession and left the rights to his patents to his son. It was Leschot's ingenious idea of utilizing diamonds for drilling hard rock that was later applied in different mining processes. It influenced a series of further developments in many countries, including those of Alfred Brandt and Major Beaumont in England. In particular, the fact that the hollow casing produced a complete core was of importance for the increasing amount of petroleum prospecting in Pennsylvania after Edwin Laurentine Drake's find of 1859, where M.C.Bullock sunk the first deep well (200 m) in the world by diamond drilling in 1870. The efforts of Per Anton Crælius in Sweden made diamond drilling a success worldwide.

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See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA

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Albert, Wilhelm August Julius

Beaumont, Huntingdon

Bergius, Friedrich Carl Rudolf

Bickford, William

Biringuccio, Vanoccio Vincenzio Agustino Luca

Bissell, George Henry

Blackett, William Cuthbert

Blenkinsop, John

Born, Ignaz Edler von

Brandt, Alfred

Brunel, Sir Marc Isambard

Buddle, John

Chaudron, Joseph

Coster, John

Crælius, Per Anton

Curr, John

Davy, Sir Humphry

Dörell, Georg Ludwig Wilhelm

Drake, Edwin Laurentine

Ercker, Lazarus

Fauvelle, Pierre-Pascal

Garforth, William Edward

Gilbert, John

Gilbert, Thomas

Glenck, Karl Christian Friedrich

Greathead, James Henry

Gurney, Sir Goldsworthy

Hair, Thomas H.

Hedley, William

Ingersoll, Simon

Jobard, Jean-Baptiste-Ambroise Marcelin

Kegel, Karl

Kind, Karl Gotthelf

Koepe, Friedrich

Leschot, Georges Auguste

Leupold, Jacob

Lucas, Anthony Francis

Menzies, Michael

Merivale, John Herman

Nobel, Immanuel

Oeynhausen, Karl von

Polhem, Christopher

Pötsch, Friedrich Hermann

Raky, Anton

Rammler, Erich

Rateau, Auguste Camille-Edmond

Rittinger, Peter von

Rowland, Thomas Fitch

Sommeiller, Germain

Stanley, Robert Crooks

Thompson, Benjamin

Treadgold, Arthur Newton Christian

Williams, Thomas

Wolf, Carl