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41 Sant'Ambrogio Basilica
Религия: (Basilica in Milan, an outstanding example of Lombard Romanesque architecture) базилика Сант Амброджио в МиланеУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Sant'Ambrogio Basilica
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42 frühromanische Architektur
Deutsch-Englisch Fachwörterbuch Architektur und Bauwesen > frühromanische Architektur
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43 romanische Architektur
Deutsch-Englisch Fachwörterbuch Architektur und Bauwesen > romanische Architektur
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44 romanischer Baustil
Deutsch-Englisch Fachwörterbuch Architektur und Bauwesen > romanischer Baustil
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45 позднероманский стиль
Architecture: the later Romanesque period (XI-XII века)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > позднероманский стиль
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46 der Baustil
- {architecture} thuật kiến trúc, khoa kiến trúc, khoa xây dựng, công trình kiến trúc, công trình xây dựng, cấu trúc, kiểu kiến trúc, sự xây dựng - {style} cột đồng hồ mặt trời, vòi nhuỵ, văn phong, phong cách, cách, lối, loại, kiểu, dáng, thời trang, mốt, danh hiệu, tước hiệu, lịch, điều đặc sắc, điểm xuất sắc, bút trâm, bút mực, bút chì, kim = der romanische Baustil (Kunst) {Romanesque}+ -
47 романский
2) Construction: Roman apx.3) Architecture: Romanesque (о стиле) -
48 romaans
adj. Romanesque, pertaining to the Romanesque style, pertaining to a style of architecture which developed in western Europe during the 9th-12th centuries (characterized by round arches and vaults, and elaborate ornamentation) -
49 Brunelleschi, Filippo
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 1377 Florence, Italyd. 15 April 1446 Florence, Italy[br]Italian artist, craftsman and architect who introduced the Italian Renaissance style of classical architecture in the fifteenth century.[br]Brunelleschi was a true "Renaissance Man" in that he excelled in several disciplines, as did most artists of the Italian Renaissance of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. He was a goldsmith and sculptor; fifteenth-century writers acknowledge him as the first to study and demonstrate the principles of perspective, and he clearly possessed a deep mathematical understanding of the principles of architectural structure.Brunelleschi's Foundling Hospital in Florence, begun in 1419, is accepted as the first Renaissance building, one whose architectural style is based upon a blend of the classical principles and decoration of Ancient Rome and those of the Tuscan Romanesque. Brunelleschi went on to design a number of important Renaissance structures in Florence, such as the basilicas of San Lorenzo and Santo Spirito, the Pazzi Chapel at Santa Croce, and the unfinished church of Santa Maria degli Angeli.However, the artistic and technical feat for which Brunelleschi is most famed is the completion of Florence Cathedral by constructing a dome above the octagonal drum which had been completed in 1412. The building of this dome presented what appeared to be at the time insuperable problems, which had caused previous cathedral architects to shy away from tackling it. The drum was nearly 140 ft (43 m) in diameter and its base was 180 ft (55 m) above floor level: no wooden centering was possible because no trees long enough to span the gap could be found, and even if they had been available, the weight of such a massive framework would have broken centering beneath. In addition, the drum had no external abutment, so the weight of the dome must exert excessive lateral thrust. Aesthetically, the ideal Renaissance dome, like the Roman dome before it (for example, the Pantheon) was a hemisphere, but in the case of the Florence Cathedral such a structure would have been unsafe, so Brunelleschi created a pointed dome that would create less thrust laterally. He constructed eight major ribs of stone and, between them, sixteen minor ones, using a light infilling. He constructed a double-shell dome, which was the first of this type but is a design that has been followed by nearly all major architects since this date (for example Michelangelo's Saint Peter's in Rome, and Wren's Saint Paul's in London). Further strength is given by a herringbone pattern of masonry and brick infilling, and by tension chains of massive blocks, fastened with iron and with iron chains above, girding the dome at three levels. A large lantern finally stops the 50 ft (15.25 m) diameter eye at the point of the dome. Construction of the Florence Cathedral dome was begun on 7 August 1420 and was completed to the base of the lantern sixteen years later. It survives as the peak of Brunelleschi's Renaissance achievement.[br]Further ReadingPeter Murray, 1963, The Architecture of the Italian Renaissance, Batsford, Ch. 2. Howard Saalman, 1980, Filippo Brunelleschi: The Cupola of Santa Maria del Fiore, Zwemmer.Piero Sanpaolesi, 1977, La Cupola di Santa Maria del Fiore: Il Progetto: La Costruzione, Florence: Edam.Eugenio Battisti, 1981, Brunelleschi: The Complete Work, Thames and Hudson.DY -
50 Сан-Миниато
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51 San Miniato al Monte
Религия: (Three-aisled basilican church in Florence completed in 1062, one of the finest examples of the Tuscan Romanesque style of architecture) Сан-Миниато -
52 mudéjar
adj.Mudejar, pertaining to a combined Romanesque and Gothic with Arabic style of Spanish architecture.f. & m.Mudejar, Muslim remaining in Spain after the Christian reconquest.* * *► adjetivo1 Mudéjar1 Mudéjar* * *1.ADJ Mudejar2.SMF ( Hist) Mudejar ( Moslem permitted to live under Christian rule)See:ver nota culturelle RECONQUISTA in reconquista* * *adjetivo/masculino y femenino Mudejar* * *adjetivo/masculino y femenino Mudejar* * *adj/mfMudejar* * *
mudéjar adjetivo, masculino y femenino
Mudejar
* * *♦ adjMudejar, = of/relating to Muslims in Christian-occupied Spain♦ nmfMudejar, = Muslim in Christian-occupied Spain* * *adj Mudéjar (permitted to live under Christian rule) -
53 prerrománico
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54 Scottish
Scottish ['skɒtɪʃ]∎ the Scottish les Écossais mplécossais;∎ Theatre the Scottish play ('Macbeth') = expression utilisée pour éviter de désigner la pièce de Shakespeare par son nom, le mot "Macbeth" étant censé porter malheur►► Architecture Scottish Baronial = style architectural de l'époque victorienne inspiré d'une vision romanesque des châteaux écossais;School Scottish Certificate of Education = examen de fin d'études secondaires en Écosse;Linguistics Scottish Gaelic gaélique m d'Écosse, erse m;the Scottish Highlands les Highlands mpl;Politics the Scottish National Party = parti indépendantiste écossais fondé en 1934;the Scottish Office = ministère des Affaires écossaises, basé à Édimbourg;the Scottish Parliament le parlement écossais;Scottish Rugby Union = association écossaise de rugby à quinze;Scottish terrier scottish-terrier m, Scotch-terrier mⓘ SCOTTISH LAW Le système juridique écossais, inspiré du droit romain, est différent du système anglais. Les lois édictées par le Parlement britannique ne s'appliquent pas toujours en Écosse, même si la plus haute instance judiciaire reste, comme en Angleterre, la Chambre des lords.ⓘ THE SCOTTISH PARLIAMENT Le parlement écossais fut établi dans le cadre du projet de décentralisation du gouvernement travailliste et fut inauguré à Édimbourg en mai 1999. Les 129 membres du parlement écossais ("MSP") siègent sous la houlette du "First Minister". Le parlement est pourvu d'une grande autonomie en matière de fiscalité mais ses pouvoirs législatifs sont néanmoins limités. Ainsi, il n'est pas habilité à légiférer dans certains domaines qui restent le privilège du parlement de Westminster, tels que la politique extérieure et la défense. Voir aussi l'encadré sur Devolution.
См. также в других словарях:
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