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reduced+class+rate

  • 1 reduced class rate

    International transportation: R (rate classification)

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > reduced class rate

  • 2 сниженная тарифная ставка

    1. reduced class rate (rate classification)
    2. R

     

    сниженная тарифная ставка (показатель классификации ставок)
    —
    [[Англо-русский словарь сокращений транспортно-экспедиторских и коммерческих терминов и выражений ФИАТА]]

    Тематики

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > сниженная тарифная ставка

  • 3 ermäßigter Gruppenfrachttarif

    ermäßigter Gruppenfrachttarif m LOGIS reduced class rate, R (Luftfrachtklassifizierung)
    * * *
    m < Transp> Luftfrachtklassifizierung reduced class rate (R)

    Business german-english dictionary > ermäßigter Gruppenfrachttarif

  • 4 Tariflohnreduktion

    Tariflohnreduktion f LOGIS reduced class rate, R (Luftfrachtklassifizierung)
    * * *
    f < Transp> Luftfrachtklassifizierung reduced class rate (R)

    Business german-english dictionary > Tariflohnreduktion

  • 5 сниженная тарифная ставка

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > сниженная тарифная ставка

  • 6 tarif

    tarif [taʀif]
    1. masculine noun
       a. ( = tableau) price list
       b. ( = prix) rate ; (Transport) fare
    • quels sont vos tarifs ? how much do you charge?
    • billet plein tarif (Transport) full-fare ticket ; (Cinema, theatre) full-price ticket
    • envoyer une lettre au tarif économique ≈ to send a letter second class
    • deux mois de prison, c'est le tarif ! (inf) two months' prison is what you get!
    ► tarif réduit (Transport) reduced fare ; (Cinema, theatre) reduced price
    • « tarifs réduits pour étudiants » "special prices for students"
    * * *
    taʀif
    nom masculin
    1) ( prix) gén rate; ( de transport) fare; ( de consultation) fee

    payer plein tarif — gén to pay full price; (en train, avion, bus) to pay full fare

    tarif normal/économique — Postes ≈ first-class/second-class rate

    tarif de nuit — Télécommunications night-time rate

    tu connais le tarif (colloq), c'est deux jours de renvoi — fig you know the penalty - two days' suspension

    2) ( document) price list
    * * *
    taʀif nm
    1)

    tarif réduit (billet) — concessionary, reduced-fare

    un billet de train tarif réduit — a concessionary train ticket, a reduced-fare train ticket

    à tarif réduit (communication, appel) — off-peak

    tarif de groupe; Est-ce que vous faites un tarif de groupe? — Is there a reduction for groups?

    2) (= liste) price list, tariff Grande-Bretagne
    3) (= barème) rate, rates pl tariff Grande-Bretagne
    * * *
    tarif nm
    1 ( prix) gén rate; ( de transport) fare; ( de consultation) fee; les tarifs de chemin de fer/du métro train/underground GB ou subway US fares; payer plein tarif gén to pay full price; Transp to pay full fare; tarif normal/réduit/spécial Transp normal/reduced/special fare; tarif normal/économique Postes ≈ first-class/second-class rate; tarif de nuit Télécom night-time rate, off-peak rate; le tarif en vigueur the going rate; le tarif horaire de qch the hourly rate for sth; tarif lettres/cartes postales letter/postcard rate; tu connais le tarif, c'est deux jours de renvoi fig you know the penalty-two days' suspension;
    2 ( document) price list, tariff GB.
    tarif douanier Comm customs tariff; tarif de l'impôt Fisc taxation schedule; tarif rouge Télécom peak rate; tarif syndical union rate; tarifs postaux postage rates.
    [tarif] nom masculin
    1. [liste de prix] price list
    [barème] rate, rates
    tarif postal postal ou postage rates
    2. [prix pratiqué]
    quel est votre tarif?, quels sont vos tarif s?
    a. [femme de ménage, baby-sitter, mécanicien, professeur particulier] how much do you charge?
    b. [conseiller, avocat] what fee do you charge?, what are your fees?
    tarif heures creuses/pleines [gaz, électricité] off-peak/full tariff rate
    ‘tarif réduit pour étudiants’ ‘concessions for students’
    3. (familier) [sanction] fine, penalty
    10 jours de prison, c'est le tarif 10 days in the cooler is what it's usually worth ou what you usually get

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > tarif

  • 7 tarifa

    f.
    1 charge (price).
    tarifa reducida cheap rate
    3 fare, transportation fare.
    4 price list, tariff.
    pres.indicat.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: tarifar.
    * * *
    1 (precio) tariff, rate; (de transporte) fare
    2 (lista de precios) price list
    \
    tarifa completa full tariff
    tarifa reducida reduced rate, special deal
    tarifa turística tourist-class rate
    * * *
    noun f.
    1) fare
    2) rate
    3) duty
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=precio fijado) [de suministros] rate; [de transportes] fare

    tarifa nocturna — (Telec) cheap rate

    tarifa plana — [para Internet] flat rate, unmetered access; [para móviles] flat rate

    tarifa reducida — (Transportes) reduced fare

    2) (=lista de precios) price list
    3) (=arancel) tariff
    * * *
    a) (baremo, escala) rate

    ¿cuál es su tarifa? — what rate o how much do you charge?

    b) (Transp) fare
    c) ( lista de precios) price list
    d) ( arancel) tariff
    * * *
    = charge, dues, fare, fee, rate, tariff, service fee.
    Ex. PSS has nodes in many major cities: users pay ordinary call charges to the nearest node, plus a charge for the use of PSS.
    Ex. No dues or associated costs were involved in membership.
    Ex. But he was wiry and wily, too, and he would often hide in some nook of the station to save the fare.
    Ex. Information providers pay a fee to British Telecom, and may then charge users for each frame that they consult.
    Ex. There will be special rates for additional services such as SDI or document delivery.
    Ex. Print charges are usually charged per reference retrieved with online and offline prints often attracting different tariffs.
    Ex. Librarian in public libraries are faced with the prospect of service fees.
    ----
    * a tarifa reducida = at reduced cost.
    * a tarifas especiales = at reduced rates, at preferential rates.
    * billete de tarifa especial = discount ticket.
    * cobrar tarifa = charge + commission.
    * escala de tarifas según los ingresos = sliding fee scale.
    * horario de tarifa normal = prime time.
    * horario de tarifa reducida = nonprime time.
    * precio de tarifa = list price, listed price.
    * sistema de tarifas = charging system.
    * tarifa alta = peak rate.
    * tarifa basada en la utilización de un servicio = traffic-based pricing.
    * tarifa calculada según el tiempo de conexión = time-based tariff, connect time based pricing.
    * tarifa calculada según el tiempo empleado = time-based charge.
    * tarifa competitiva = competitive rates.
    * tarifa de conexión = connect charge, connect fee, connect-time charge.
    * tarifa de derechos de autor = royalty charge.
    * tarifa de grupo = group rate.
    * tarifa de impresión = print charge.
    * tarifa de precios = pricing structure, pricing algorithm, pricing scheme, pricing model, price structure.
    * tarifa de telecomunicación = telecommunication charge.
    * tarifa especial = discounted rate, preferential rate.
    * tarifa especial más barata = discount charge.
    * tarifa especial por inscripción anticipada = early-bird registration fee.
    * tarifa fija = fixed rate pricing.
    * tarifa plana = flat rate, flat fee, fixed rate pricing.
    * tarifa por el número de operaciones = volume-based tariff.
    * tarifa por inscripción fuera de plazo = late registration fee.
    * tarifas = pricing.
    * tarifas arancelarias = customs duties.
    * tarifa telefónica = call charges, telephone charges.
    * tarifa única = flat rate, fixed charge.
    * * *
    a) (baremo, escala) rate

    ¿cuál es su tarifa? — what rate o how much do you charge?

    b) (Transp) fare
    c) ( lista de precios) price list
    d) ( arancel) tariff
    * * *
    = charge, dues, fare, fee, rate, tariff, service fee.

    Ex: PSS has nodes in many major cities: users pay ordinary call charges to the nearest node, plus a charge for the use of PSS.

    Ex: No dues or associated costs were involved in membership.
    Ex: But he was wiry and wily, too, and he would often hide in some nook of the station to save the fare.
    Ex: Information providers pay a fee to British Telecom, and may then charge users for each frame that they consult.
    Ex: There will be special rates for additional services such as SDI or document delivery.
    Ex: Print charges are usually charged per reference retrieved with online and offline prints often attracting different tariffs.
    Ex: Librarian in public libraries are faced with the prospect of service fees.
    * a tarifa reducida = at reduced cost.
    * a tarifas especiales = at reduced rates, at preferential rates.
    * billete de tarifa especial = discount ticket.
    * cobrar tarifa = charge + commission.
    * escala de tarifas según los ingresos = sliding fee scale.
    * horario de tarifa normal = prime time.
    * horario de tarifa reducida = nonprime time.
    * precio de tarifa = list price, listed price.
    * sistema de tarifas = charging system.
    * tarifa alta = peak rate.
    * tarifa basada en la utilización de un servicio = traffic-based pricing.
    * tarifa calculada según el tiempo de conexión = time-based tariff, connect time based pricing.
    * tarifa calculada según el tiempo empleado = time-based charge.
    * tarifa competitiva = competitive rates.
    * tarifa de conexión = connect charge, connect fee, connect-time charge.
    * tarifa de derechos de autor = royalty charge.
    * tarifa de grupo = group rate.
    * tarifa de impresión = print charge.
    * tarifa de precios = pricing structure, pricing algorithm, pricing scheme, pricing model, price structure.
    * tarifa de telecomunicación = telecommunication charge.
    * tarifa especial = discounted rate, preferential rate.
    * tarifa especial más barata = discount charge.
    * tarifa especial por inscripción anticipada = early-bird registration fee.
    * tarifa fija = fixed rate pricing.
    * tarifa plana = flat rate, flat fee, fixed rate pricing.
    * tarifa por el número de operaciones = volume-based tariff.
    * tarifa por inscripción fuera de plazo = late registration fee.
    * tarifas = pricing.
    * tarifas arancelarias = customs duties.
    * tarifa telefónica = call charges, telephone charges.
    * tarifa única = flat rate, fixed charge.

    * * *
    1 (baremo, escala) rate
    vuelven a subir las tarifas eléctricas/postales electricity charges/postal rates are going up again
    ¿cuál es su tarifa? what rate o how much do you charge?
    cobra una tarifa fija he charges a fixed rate
    2 ( Transp) fare
    por la noche los taxis cobran una tarifa más alta taxis charge a higher rate at night, taxis put their fares up at night
    los niños pagan una tarifa reducida children pay a reduced o lower fare
    3 (lista de precios) price list, tariff ( BrE)
    4 (arancel) tariff
    tarifas aduaneras customs tariffs o duties
    tarifas comerciales trade tariffs
    Compuestos:
    apex fare
    economy fare
    night rate
    flat rate
    * * *

     

    Del verbo tarifar: ( conjugate tarifar)

    tarifa es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

    2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    tarifa    
    tarifar
    tarifa sustantivo femenino
    a) (baremo, escala) rate;


    b) (Transp) fare



    tarifa sustantivo femenino
    1 (lista de precios) tariff, price list
    2 (precio unitario: en suministros) price, rate
    (: del autobús, metro, etc) fare
    tarifar verbo transitivo
    1 to price
    2 fig fam (reñir, enfadarse, discutir) salir tarifando con alguien, to fall out with sb
    ' tarifa' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    nocturna I
    - nocturno
    - arancel
    - arancelario
    - disminución
    - único
    English:
    charge
    - fare
    - off-peak
    - rate
    - tariff
    - taxi fare
    - first
    - peak
    - round
    - standard
    * * *
    tarifa nf
    1. [precio] charge;
    [en transportes] fare; [de médico, abogado] fee; [de servicio telefónico, postal] rate tarifa del agua water charges;
    tarifa de alta joining fee;
    tarifa apex Apex fare;
    tarifa eléctrica electricity charges;
    tarifa de la electricidad electricity charges;
    tarifa fija [on bill] standing charges;
    tarifa máxima peak rate;
    tarifa nocturna [eléctrica] off-peak (electricity) rate;
    [en taxis] night rate; Informát tarifa plana flat rate;
    tarifa reducida [eléctrica] cheap rate;
    [de transporte] reduced fare;
    tarifa única flat rate
    2. Com [arancel] tariff
    UE tarifa exterior común common external tariff
    3. [lista] price list
    * * *
    f rate; de tren fare;
    tarifas postales postal rates
    * * *
    tarifa nf
    1) : rate
    tarifas postales: postal rates
    2) : fare (for transportation)
    3) : price list
    4) arancel: duty
    * * *
    ¿cuál es la tarifa de las llamadas internacionales? what's the rate for international calls?
    3. (tabla de precios) price list

    Spanish-English dictionary > tarifa

  • 8 Tarif

    Tarif m 1. GEN tariff, rates, rate, scale of charges; 2. IMP/EXP customs, tariff
    * * *
    m 1. < Geschäft> tariff, rates, rate, scale of charges; 2. <Imp/Exp> customs, tariff
    * * *
    Tarif
    tariff, scale, rate, (Anzeigenwesen) advertising charges, space (advertisement, Br.) rate, rates, rate card (US), series rate, (Bahn) rates, rating, (el.) electricity tariff, rate (US), (Gas) gas tariff, rate (US), (Gebührenordnung) scale (list, schedule) of charges, (Gebührentarif für die Börse) schedule of commissions, (Löhne) scale of wages, wage scale (schedule), collective bargaining agreement, (individueller Lohntarif) pay scale, (Post) postal rates, (Steuern) scale of taxation, tax scale, (Transportgewerbe) freight tariff, [transportation] rate, (Versicherung) premium rate, (Zoll) customs rate (tariff);
    • laut Tarif according (as per) tarif;
    • tatsächlich abgerechneter Tarif (Anzeigenwesen) earned rate;
    • gesetzlich anerkannter Tarif (Bahn) lawful (legal) rate;
    • den Lebenshaltungskosten angepasster Tarif cost-of-living sliding scale;
    • anzuwendender Tarif tariff applicable, applicable (relevant) rate;
    • nach wissenschaftlichen Prinzipien aufgestellter Tarif scientific tariff;
    • ausgehandelter Tarif conventional tariff;
    • ausgehender Tarif (Seeschifffahrt) outward tariff;
    • autonomer Tarif (Zoll) single tariff;
    • besonderer Tarif exceptional tariff (Br.), (Bahn) class rate, (Versicherung) specific rate;
    • degressiver Tarif sliding-scale tariff;
    • einheitlicher Tarif standard rate, (Löhne) standard wage rate;
    • erhöhter Tarif advanced rate;
    • ermäßigter Tarif reduced tariff (rate, Br.), (Anzeigenwesen) short rate (US);
    • fehlender Tarif non-tariff;
    • wechselweise in Ansatz gebrachter Tarif alternative rate;
    • gekoppelter Tarif coupled rate (Br.);
    • geltender Tarif rate in force;
    • gemeinsamer Tarif (EU) common customs tariff;
    • gemischter Tarif mixed tariff;
    • genehmigter Tarif rate authorized;
    • staatlich genehmigter Tarif state-approved (official) rate;
    • gestaffelter Tarif differential (flexible, graduated) tariff, graduated rate, sliding scale, (Steuer) tapering rate, (Werbung) rate scale (US);
    • degressiv gestaffelter Tarif (Strom) block rate;
    • gleichmäßiger Tarif (Bahn) freight-of-all-kinds rate;
    • gleitender Tarif (Löhne) sliding wage scale;
    • gültiger Tarif applicable rate;
    • allgemein gültiger Tarif general purpose rate, general tariff, tariff (rates) in force;
    • örtlich gültiger Tarif local rate;
    • halber Tarif half rate;
    • hereinkommender Tarif (Seeschifffahrt) homeward tariff;
    • kombinierter Tarif combination tariff, (Anzeigenwesen) combined (combination) rate, (telecom.) two-part tariff;
    • kostengünstiger Tarif (tel.) low-price charge;
    • pauschaler Tarif flat (blanket, US) rate;
    • saisonbedingter Tarif seasonal tariff;
    • nur auf dem Papier stehender (überhöhter) Tarif (Bahn) paper rate (US);
    • übersetzter Tarif exorbitant rate;
    • von der Mengeneinheit unabhängiger Tarif any-quantity rate (US);
    • vom Verbrauch unabhängiger Tarif (el.) straight-line rate;
    • ungekürzter Tarif full tariff;
    • fest vereinbarter Tarif (Verkehr) arbitrary;
    • vergleichbarer Tarif comparable rate;
    • jahreszeitlich verschiedener (bedingter) Tarif (el.) seasonal tariff (Br.);
    • gesetzlich zulässiger Tarif lawful (legal) rate;
    • zweispaltiger Tarif two-column tariff;
    • zwischenstaatlicher Tarif intrastate tariff (US);
    • unterdurchschnittlicher Tarif für Behinderte substandard rate;
    • verbilligter Tarif für Durchgangsgüter transit rate;
    • Tarif für Einzelinsertion ohne Rabatt transient rate;
    • Tarif für Expressgüter spot rate;
    • ermäßigter Tarif bei beschränkter Haftpflicht des Spediteurs (Bahn) released rate (US);
    • Tarif für Mustersendungen sample rate;
    • Tarif für den Personenverkehr passenger rates, table of fares;
    • Tarife außerhalb der Saison off-season fares;
    • Tarif mit begrenztem Sonderangebot (Liniendienst) stand-by tariff;
    • Tarif für Stückgüter all-commodity rate, less-than-carload rate (US), mixed carload rate (US), mixed cargo rate (Br.);
    • Tarif nach normalem Verbrauch load-rate tariff, (el.) meter rate;
    • Tarif für Vorzugsplatzierung premium rate;
    • Tarif für Werbesendungen time charge;
    • Tarif aufstellen to tariff;
    • Tarif erheben to levy a rate;
    • Tarif erhöhen to raise a tariff;
    • Tarif festsetzen to [fix a] tariff, to list (schedule) the tariff value;
    • Tarif nach Teilstrecken festsetzen to zone;
    • Tarife freigeben to deregulate rates;
    • Tarif herabsetzen to cut rates;
    • Tarif senken to lower a tariff;
    • jem. einen günstigen Tarif zugestehen to accord s. o. a favo(u)rable rate;
    • Tarifabbau cut in rates, rate cutting;
    • Tarifabkommen (Lohnabkommen) trade (industrial, joint, collective bargaining, association) agreement, wage settlement, union contract, (Zollwesen) tariff treaty;
    • ganzen Industriezweig umfassendes Tarifabkommen collective labo(u)r agreement;
    • Tarifabkommen in der Autoindustrie auto wage settlement;
    • Tarifabschluss (Gewerkschaft) pay settlement, collective bargaining agreement;
    • neuer Tarifabschluss [settlement] package;
    • Tarifabschluss für Angestellte white-collar pay settlement;
    • Tarifabschlüsse im Rahmen einer zehnprozentigen Steigerung halten to keep pay settlements down to within the 10% margin;
    • Tarifabschlussvollmacht (Gewerkschaft) bargaining power;
    • nicht an Tarifabsprachen gebunden sein to be outside the trade-union system;
    • Tarifänderung (Bahn) exception to classification, (Löhne) modification of a bargaining agreement, (Zoll) duty (rate) change, change in rates, tariff revision;
    • Tarifänderungsbescheid exception sheet;
    • Tarifangebot pay offer;
    • gebündeltes Tarifangebot pay package;
    • der Belegschaft ein an die Produktivität gekoppeltes Tarifangebot zur Abstimmung vorlegen to ballot the workforce on a productivity deal;
    • Tarifangestellter standard wage earner;
    • Tarifangleichung (Löhne) wage adjustment, (Zoll) standardization of tariffs;
    • Tarifanhänger tariff advocate;
    • Tarifanhebung (Bahn) raising of railway rates (Br.), (Zoll) tariff increase (hike, raising);
    • Tarifanpassung (Zoll) adjustment of rates, tariff adjustment;
    • Tarifanpassung in Grenzfällen marginal adjustment;
    • Tarifanwendung application of rates;
    • Tarifanwendungsgebiet (Bahn) classification territory;
    • Tarifarbeit (Arbeiter) bargain work;
    • Tarifaufschlag surcharge on goods;
    • Tarifauseinandersetzung collective dispute;
    • harte Tarifauseinandersetzungen rough rounds of collective bargaining;
    • sich mit einer Tarifauseinandersetzung nach kurzer Stellungnahme nicht mehr beschäftigen to dismiss a tariff issue with a brief reference;
    • Tarifausgangspunkt (Spediteur) common (basing) point;
    • Tarifausnahme exemption;
    • Tarifausschuss tariff commission (committee), (Arbeitsplatzbewertung) merit-rating committee, (Arbeitsverträge) wages council;
    • Tarifautonomie (Löhne) wage autonomy, (Zoll) autonomous tariff system;
    • Tarifbegrenzung pay control;
    • Tarifbegünstigung (Verkehrspolitik) closed door, (Zollwesen) tariff (imperial, Br.) preference;
    • Tarifbehörde rate-making body;
    • Tarifberechner rate maker;
    • Tarifberechnung rate (tariff, US) making.

    Business german-english dictionary > Tarif

  • 9 Preis

    Preis m (Pr.) GEN charge, price, pr. • alles hat seinen Preis GEN, MGT (infrml) there is no such thing as a free lunch • die Preise frisieren BÖRSE (infrml) fake the marks, (infrml) doctor the prices • die Preise gaben nach GEN prices receded (Volumen) • die Preise sind herabgesetzt worden BÖRSE prices have been marked down • Preis (ist) Verhandlungssache rate to be agreed, r.t.b.a. • Preise hochschrauben V&M push up prices • Preise hochtreiben V&M push up prices • Preise reduzieren V&M cut prices, reduce prices, sink prices • sich durch zu hohe Preise vom Markt ausschließen V&M price oneself out of the market • sich nach dem besten Preis umsehen V&M shop around for the best price • unter Preis anbieten V&M underprice • unter Preis angeboten V&M underpriced • unter Preis verkaufen V&M undercut • zu Preisen zwischen x und y GEN at prices ranging from x to y
    * * *
    m (Pr.) < Geschäft> charge, price (pr.) ■ alles hat seinen Preis <Geschäft, Mgmnt> there is no such thing as a free lunch infrml ■ die Preise frisieren infrml < Börse> fake the marks infrml, doctor the prices infrml ■ die Preise gaben nach < Geschäft> Volumen prices receded ■ die Preise sind herabgesetzt worden < Börse> prices have been marked down ■ Preise hochschrauben <V&M> push up prices ■ Preise hochtreiben <V&M> push up prices ■ Preise reduzieren <V&M> cut prices, reduce prices, sink prices ■ sich durch zu hohe Preise vom Markt ausschließen <V&M> price oneself out of the market ■ sich nach dem besten Preis umsehen <V&M> shop around for the best price ■ unter Preis anbieten <V&M> underprice ■ unter Preis angeboten <V&M> underpriced ■ unter Preis verkaufen <V&M> undercut ■ zu Preisen zwischen x und y < Geschäft> at prices ranging from x to y
    * * *
    Preis
    price, (Belohnung) reward, premium, (Fahrgeld) fare, (Gebühr) charge, fee, (Kosten) cost[s], expense, price, (Satz) rate, figure, (Summe) amount, sum, (Tarif) rate, tariff, charge, (Wert) value, (im Wettbewerb) prize, award;
    • auf der Grundlage der Preise vom Jahr 2002 at 2002 survey prices;
    • bei anziehenden Preisen in a rising market, with attractive prices;
    • bei sinkenden Preisen by (with) declining prices, at prices dropping;
    • bis zum Preise von as high as;
    • durch überhöhte Preise aus dem Markt gedrängt priced out of the market;
    • mit Preisen versehen priced, price-tagged;
    • niedrig im Preis low-priced;
    • um jeden Preis for love of money;
    • unter [dem Selbstkosten] Preis priced below cost;
    • zu erhöhten Preisen at a higher price;
    • zu ermäßigten Preisen at reduced (cut) prices;
    • zu bedeutend ermäßigten Preisen at a sweeping reduction;
    • zu festem Preis at a firm rate;
    • zu herabgesetztem Preis at a reduced price, reduced, cut-price, at reduced rates, (Taxpreis) at a damaged valuation;
    • zu teuren Preisen at a high cost;
    • zu überhöhten Preisen eingekauft dear-bought, bought at excessive cost;
    • zu unerschwinglichen Preisen at prices beyond one’s means;
    • zu unveränderten Preisen at unchanged prices;
    • zu einem vereinbarten Preis at an arranged price;
    • zu zurückgesetztem Preis at a reduced price;
    • zu einem Preis von etwa 10 Pfund at a cost of roughly L 10;
    • zum Preise von costing, at the charge (rate) of;
    • zum ermäßigten Preis at a lower rate;
    • zum festgesetzten Preis at the given price;
    • zum amtlich festgesetzten Preis at the established price;
    • zum halben Preis at half price, for half the price;
    • zum niedrigsten Preis dirt-cheap;
    • zum vereinbarten Preis at the understood price;
    • in verbindlichen Angeboten abgegebene Preise prices quoted in tenders;
    • [vertraglich] abgemachter (abgesprochener, abgestimmter) Preis settled (stipulated) price, price agreed upon [by arrangement];
    • abweichende Preise diverging prices;
    • von der Preisliste abweichender Preis irregular price;
    • überhöhter, vom Kunden akzeptierter Preis class price;
    • allerniedrigster Preis rock-bottom price;
    • amtlicher Preis official price;
    • nicht amtlicher Preis (Börse) sidewalk price (US);
    • angebotener Preis price offered;
    • verbindlich angebotene Preise prices quoted in tenders;
    • angegebener (angesetzter) Preis quoted price;
    • auf der Rechnung angegebener Preis invoice[d] price;
    • angehobener Preis advanced price;
    • angemessener Preis reasonable (fair, adequate, equitable) price;
    • annehmbarer Preis fair rate (price), reasonable price (terms);
    • ansteigende Preise increasing prices;
    • anziehender Preis attractive price;
    • nachstehend aufgeführte Preise prices specified below;
    • augenblicklicher Preis market price;
    • vertraglich ausbedungener Preis price agreed upon, contract price;
    • ausgehandelte Preise prices negotiated;
    • ausgemachter Preis settled price, price agreed upon;
    • ausgesetzter Preis offered price;
    • ausgezeichneter Preis marked price;
    • auskömmlicher Preis paying price;
    • äußerster Preis rock-bottom (close, bedrock) price, cut rate, lowest computation (possible price), (Auktion) knockdown price;
    • künstlich beeinflusster Preis manipulated price;
    • vor Verkaufsbeginn von der Konkurrenz bekannt gegebener Preis open price;
    • äußerst niedrig berechneter Preis rock-bottom price;
    • bescheidene Preise moderate prices;
    • vom Hersteller bestimmte Preise prices laid down by the manufacturer;
    • beweglicher Preis elastic (flexible) price;
    • bewirtschafteter Preis administered price;
    • billiger Preis budget (moderate, low) price;
    • bisheriger Preis previous rate;
    • cif-Preis cif price;
    • davonlaufende Preise prices running away;
    • Herstellungs- und Generalkosten deckender Preis overhead price;
    • nicht die Selbstkosten deckender Preis losing price;
    • stark divergierende Preise wide prices;
    • doppelter Preis (Anzeige) double rate;
    • durchschnittlicher Preis average price;
    • echter Preis commercial price;
    • effektiver Preis real (actual) price;
    • eingefrorene Preise frozen prices, price rigidity;
    • eingependelter Preis established price;
    • einheitlicher Preis uniform (standard) price;
    • empfohlener Preis reference (suggested, recommended) price;
    • über das Lohnniveau emporschnellende Preis prices outsoaring the wages;
    • enormer Preis huge (ruinous) price;
    • erhöhter Preis increased (inflated, higher, enhanced) price;
    • ermäßigter Preis reduced (short, cut) price;
    • Sicherungsvorschuss erschöpfender Preis (Termingeschäft) exhaust price;
    • [tatsächlich] erzielter Preis price obtained, actual price;
    • exorbitanter Preis exorbitant price;
    • fakturierter Preis invoice[d] price;
    • fallende Preise dropping (sagging, declining, receding, falling-off) prices;
    • feste Preise standing (fixed, flat, steady) prices, (Schaufenster) no abatement (discount, reduction);
    • fester Preis fixed (firm, standing) price;
    • künstlich festgelegter Preis administered price;
    • vertraglich festgelegter Preis stipulated price;
    • festgesetzter Preis stated (fixed) price;
    • amtlich festgesetzter Preis administered (controlled) price, price as fixed by the authorities;
    • vertraglich festgesetzter Preis fixed contract price;
    • fingierter Preis fictitious price;
    • Frei-Grenze-Preis free-at-frontier price;
    • Preis freibleibend, freibleibender Preis price subject to change without notice;
    • friedensmäßige Preise prices at peace-time level;
    • früherer Preis previous price;
    • gangbarer Preis prevailing price;
    • gängiger Preis salable price;
    • garantierter Preis guaranteed price;
    • gebotener Preis offer, bid (offered) price;
    • gebundener Preis fixed (fixed-selling, maintained, controlled) price, (Einzelhandel) fixed (minimum) resale price, (Kartell) fixed cartel price;
    • geforderter Preis asked price, charge;
    • gegenwärtiger Preis ruling (current, prevailing, actual, market) price;
    • künstlich gehaltener Preis pegged price;
    • mit einem Index gekoppelter Preis index-linked price;
    • gelenkter Preis controlled price;
    • geltender Preis prevailing (ruling) price;
    • augenblicklich geltender Preis ruling (present, going, market, current) price;
    • in der ganzen Industrie geltender Preis industry-wide price;
    • genauester Preis nearest price;
    • genehmigter Preis approved price;
    • genormter Preis standardized price;
    • gepfefferte Preise steep prices;
    • zu geringer Preis underrated price;
    • gestaffelter Preis graduated (scheduled) price;
    • gesteuerter Preis manipulated price;
    • gestoppter Preis stop price;
    • gestützter Preis pegged (support[ed]) price;
    • gesunkener Preis reduced (diminished, dropped, sagged) price;
    • gewöhnlicher Preis customary charge, common price (charge);
    • für den Fortschritt gezahlter Preis price paid for progress;
    • gleitender Preis price subject to amendment, escalation (sliding-scale) price;
    • [augenblicklich] gültiger Preis going (current, market) price;
    • allgemein gültiger Preis allround price;
    • im internen Verrechnungsverkehr gültiger Preis internal price;
    • günstige Preise favo(u)rable terms (prices);
    • günstiger Preis favo(u)rable (attractive) price;
    • sehr günstiger Preis highly concessional price;
    • halber Preis half price;
    • handelsüblicher Preis market (ruling) price;
    • herabgesetzter Preis reduced (marked-down, cut rate) price;
    • nicht herabgesetzter Preis full price;
    • heraufgesetzter Preis put-up (marked-up) price;
    • hochgestochener Preis high-flying price;
    • höchster Preis ceiling (maximum) price, price ceiling;
    • hoher Preis long (high, advanced) price;
    • besonders hoher Preis extra high price;
    • entschieden zu hohe Preise definitely too high prices;
    • unverhältnismäßig hoher Preis excessive price;
    • inflationistische (inflationäre) Preise inflationary prices;
    • inländischer Preis domestic (home-market) price;
    • jetzige Preise current prices;
    • kalkulierter Preis calculated price;
    • äußerst kalkulierter Preis rock-bottom price;
    • niedrigst kalkulierter Preis bargain level;
    • scharf kalkulierter Preis price cut very fine, cut-rate (close) price;
    • knappheitsbedingter Preis scarcity price;
    • konkurrenzfähiger Preis competitive (keener) price;
    • nicht konkurrenzfähiger Preis uncompetitive price;
    • konkurrenzloser Preis unrival(l)ed (unmatched) price;
    • konstante Preise constant prices, price stability;
    • kostendeckender Preis price covering the costs of production;
    • kriminelle Preise cutthroat prices;
    • laufender Preis ruling price;
    • zugrunde zu legender Preis price to be considered;
    • leidlicher Preis fairly good price;
    • letzte Preise previous rates;
    • letzter Preis lowest limit (price);
    • limitierter Preis limited price;
    • lohnender (lukrativer) Preis remunerative (paying) price;
    • manipulierter Preis managed (manipulated) price;
    • marktentscheidender Preis key price;
    • marktgängige Preise usual market prices;
    • marktgemäßer (marktgerechter) Preis fair market price;
    • marktkonformer Preis full economic price;
    • mäßiger Preis moderate (reasonable) price;
    • minimaler Preis minimum price;
    • mittlerer Preis average price;
    • mörderischer Preis cutthroat (ruinously high) price;
    • nachbörsliche Preise street (kerb) prices (Br.), outside (curb, US) prices;
    • nachfragebedingter Preis demand-led price;
    • nachgebende Preise easing (falling, sagging, receding) prices;
    • niedriger Preis low price, undercharge;
    • äußerst niedrige Preise keen prices;
    • niedrigster Preis bottom ( lowest possible, minimum) price, bargain level;
    • nomineller Preis nominal price;
    • notierter Preis market (quoted, listed, US) value;
    • fortlaufend notierter Preis consecutively quoted price;
    • obiger Preis above quotation;
    • optischer Preis charm price;
    • ortsüblicher Preis customary (local) price;
    • populäre Preise popular prices;
    • psychologische Preise psychological price [point];
    • purzelnde Preise tumbling prices;
    • reduzierter Preis reduced (short, cut) price;
    • äußerst reduzierter Preis lowest [possible] rate;
    • reeller Preis fair (moderate) price;
    • regulärer Preis regular price;
    • regulierter Preis administered price;
    • richtiger Preis adequate price;
    • rückgängige Preise dropping (sagging, declining) prices;
    • rückläufige Preise retrograde (receding, declining, falling, drooping) prices;
    • ruinöser Preis ruinous (cutthroat) price;
    • saisonbedingter Preis seasonal price;
    • in die Höhe schnellende Preise soaring prices;
    • ganz schöner Preis smart price (coll.);
    • schwacher Preis weak price;
    • schwankende Preise varying (fluctuating) prices;
    • sinkende Preise sagging (declining, falling) prices;
    • solider Preis moderate (fair) price;
    • spekulativer Preis speculative price;
    • spottbilliger Preis ridiculously low price;
    • stabiler Preis steady (stable, settled, stationary, firm, sticky, US) price;
    • starrer Preis rigid price;
    • stehender Preis fixed price;
    • steigende Preise increasing (rising, advancing) prices;
    • langsam steigende Preise creeping prices;
    • schnell steigende Preise soaring (booming) prices;
    • sprunghaft steigende Preise soaring prices;
    • subventionierter Preis subsidized (support[ed], pegged) price;
    • nicht subventionierter Preis full economic price;
    • tatsächlicher Preis actual price;
    • tragbarer Preis reasonable price;
    • überhöhter Preis class (stiff, coll., excessive, exaggerated, prohibitive) price;
    • künstlich überhöhte Preise inflated (artificially high) prices;
    • übermäßiger Preis exorbitant price;
    • übersetzter Preis exaggerated (overcharged) price;
    • üblicher Preis market (current, customary) price, customer charge;
    • unabhängiger Preis free price;
    • vom Lieferort unabhängiger Preis uniform delivered price (US);
    • unangemessener Preis unreasonable price;
    • unbescheidener Preis unreasonable price;
    • unbeschränkter Preis unlimited price;
    • unelastischer Preis rigid price;
    • unerhörter Preis fabulous price;
    • unerschwinglicher Preis prohibitive price;
    • ungebundener Preis free (uncontrolled) price;
    • unterschiedliche Preise discriminating prices;
    • unterschwelliger Preis submarginal price;
    • untragbare Preise prohibitive prices;
    • unveränderte Preise unchanged rates (prices);
    • unverbindliche Preise prices subject to alteration (without commitment);
    • unverschämter Preis steep (outrageous, exorbitant) price;
    • völlig unzulänglicher Preis inadequate price;
    • verbindlicher Preis operative price;
    • [vertraglich] vereinbarter Preis price agreed upon [by arrangement], stipulated (agreed, contract) price;
    • vertretbarer Preis comparable price;
    • volkstümlicher Preis popular price;
    • voller Preis full price;
    • vorgeschriebener Preis administered price;
    • vorheriger Preis previous price;
    • vorteilhafte Preise attractive prices;
    • weichende Preise sagging (declining, retroactive, falling) prices;
    • wettbewerbsfähiger Preis competitive price;
    • willkürlicher Preis arbitrary price;
    • zivile Preise moderate (reasonable) prices, moderate charges;
    • auf den Höchstpreis zurückgesetzter Preis rollback price (US);
    • Preis bei der Anlieferung landed cost;
    • Preis für eine doppelseitige Anzeige in Heftmitte center- (centre-, Br.) spread price;
    • Preis für vierfarbige Anzeigen 4-colo(u)r rate;
    • Preis laut gültigem Anzeigentarif rate-card price;
    • Preis bei Barzahlung cash price;
    • Preis in Bausch und Bogen allround (overhead) price;
    • Preise einschließlich Bedienung (Restaurant) terms inclusive of service;
    • Preise unter Berücksichtigung der Qualität prices adjusted to quality;
    • Preis frei Bestimmungshafen landed cost (price);
    • Preis zur Einführung eines Produktes early-bird price;
    • Preis per Einheit unit price;
    • Preis für den Endverbraucher price for the ultimate consumer;
    • Preise für Endverbraucher incl. Mehrwertsteuer (Mwst.) prices inclusive of VAT;
    • Preis ab Erzeuger factory price;
    • Preise der Erzeugnisse product (producer’s) prices;
    • Preise landwirtschaftlicher Erzeugnisse agricultural (farm) prices;
    • Preis ab Fabrik factory-gate price;
    • Preis des trockenen Gedecks (Hotel) price of the dinner excluding wine; Preis
    • einschließlich Gemeinkosten overhead price;
    • Preis frei Grenze (EU) free-to-frontier price;
    • Preis für Güter und Dienstleistungen cost of goods and services;
    • Preis zweiter Hand secondhand price;
    • Preis frei Haus delivered-in price, in-the-mail price;
    • Preis einschließlich aller Kosten allround price;
    • Preis einschließlich (incl.) sämtlicher Kosten bis zum Schiff, Preis frei Längsseite Schiff free alongside ship price, price free alongside ship;
    • Preis ab Lager ex-store price; Preis
    • einschließlich Lieferkosten delivered price;
    • Preis für künftige Lieferung forward (terminal, Br.) price;
    • Preis bei sofortiger Lieferung price ex store, spot quotation;
    • Preis eines Markenerzeugnisses brand price;
    • Preise verstehen sich einschließlich Mehrwertsteuer prices include value-added tax (VAT);
    • Preis für greifbare Mengen spot price;
    • Preise bei Mengenabnahme prices shaded for quantities;
    • Preis mit Mengenrabatt quantity (multi-unit, Br.) price;
    • Preis einschließlich Porto und Verpackung price inclusive of postage and packing;
    • Preise für eine Produktfamilie price combination (Br.);
    • Preis bei Ratenzahlung hire-purchase (Br.) (time, deferred-payment, US) price;
    • Preis außerhalb der Saison off-season price;
    • Preis ab Schacht pithead price;
    • Preis ab Speicher ex-warehouse price;
    • Preis für Stromverbrauch electricity rate;
    • Preis pro Stück unit price;
    • Preise nach dem Tarif tariff rates;
    • Preis für Termingeschäfte futures price (US);
    • Preis für Übernachtung und Frühstück price for bed and breakfast;
    • Preis unverzollt price ex tax;
    • Preis ist Verhandlungssache price is a matter for negotiation;
    • Preis ohne Verpackung price excluding packing;
    • Preis ab Versandbahnhof at-station price;
    • Preise für Vorsteuerabzugsberechtigte prices exclusive of VAT;
    • Preis für unverzollte Ware im Zolllager in-bond price;
    • Preis auf dem Weltmarkt world price;
    • Preis ab Werk price ex works, trade (factory) price;
    • Preis unter dem Wert underprice;
    • Preis für Wiederverkäufer discount price;
    • Preis ab Zeche pithead price;
    • Preise in Zeiten der Hochkonjunktur boomtime prices;
    • Preise abbauen to cut (reduce) prices;
    • Preis abflachen to flatten prices;
    • vom Preis abhandeln to obtain a reduction;
    • zum alten Preis ablassen to charge the old price;
    • Preise absprechen to settle prices;
    • jem. einen Preis für etw. abverlangen to charge s. o. a price for s. th.;
    • auf die Preise abwälzen to pass on prices;
    • vom Preis abziehen to knock off the price;
    • Preise angeben to quote (state) prices;
    • äußersten Preis angeben to quote the outside price;
    • Preise auch in Euro angeben to mark prices also in euros;
    • Preise wahrheitsgemäß angeben to state prices truthfully;
    • Preise angleichen to adjust prices;
    • Preise schrittweise angleichen (EU) to approximate prices progressively;
    • Preise anheben to jack up (coll.) (increase) prices;
    • Preise anpassen to adjust (align) prices;
    • Preis ansetzen to price;
    • im Preis aufschlagen to go (run) higher, to put on the price;
    • hohe Preise aufzwingen to corner;
    • Preis aushandeln to negotiate a price;
    • Preis ausmachen to agree upon a price;
    • Preis aussetzen to put a premium (prize) on;
    • Preis für jds. Kopf aussetzen to put a price on s. one’s head;
    • mit einem Preis auszeichnen to distinguish with a prize;
    • mit einem höheren Preis auszeichnen to mark up;
    • Preise beeinflussen to influence prices;
    • seinen Preis beibehalten to hold its price;
    • in einem Wettbewerb den ersten Preis bekommen to obtain the first prize in a competition;
    • etw. zu einem exorbitanten Preis bekommen to obtain s. th. at a ransom price;
    • Preis berechnen to arrive at (calculate) a price;
    • alten Preis berechnen to charge the old price;
    • jem. einen zu hohen Preis berechnen to overcharge s. o.;
    • niedrige Preise berechnen to ask moderate prices;
    • Preis bestimmen to fix (go into, determine) a price;
    • angemessenen Preis für etw. bezahlen to buy s. th. for what it is worth;
    • doppelten Preis bezahlen to pay double the price;
    • Preis bieten to offer a price;
    • angemessenen Preis bieten to bid a fair price;
    • Preise durcheinander bringen to put a crimp in prices (sl.);
    • Preis davontragen to carry the day (away the bell), to take the cake;
    • Preise drücken to bring (run, beat, coll.) down (bang) prices, to cut off prices;
    • Preise einfrieren to freeze prices (US);
    • sich auf einen Preis einigen to agree upon a price;
    • Preis empfehlen to recommend (suggest) a price;
    • sich durch überhöhte Preise den Markt entfremden to price o. s. out of the market;
    • Preis erfragen to enquire about the price;
    • Preis erhöhen to advance (raise, put up, increase, spike) a price;
    • Preise sprunghaft erhöhen to jump prices;
    • Preise immer weiter erhöhen to pyramid prices;
    • sich nach dem Preis erkundigen to ask (enquire about) the price;
    • Preis ermäßigen to bring down (decrease) a price;
    • Preis ermitteln to arrive at a price;
    • Preis erreichen (erzielen) to realize (obtain, reach) a price;
    • bessere Preise erzielen to secure higher prices;
    • im Preis fallen to sag in price, to depreciate;
    • um den Preis feilschen to haggle over (about) the price;
    • Preis festlegen (festsetzen, feststellen) to price, to quote (determine, make, arrive at, ascertain, name, fix, lay down) a price, to tariff;
    • Preis amtlich festlegen (festsetzen) to establish a price;
    • Preise entsprechend dem amtlichen Preisindex festsetzen to gear prices to formulas based on government price indexes;
    • als Preis fordern to charge (name) a price, to tax (US);
    • nach dem Preis fragen to enquire about (ask) the price;
    • Preise freigeben to release (decontrol) prices;
    • Preis genehmigen to approve of a price;
    • Preis gewinnen to obtain (win) a prize;
    • ersten Preis auf einer Landwirtschaftsausstellung gewinnen to take the first prize at an agricultural show;
    • höchste Preise bei einem Wettbewerb gewinnen to win top hono(u)rs in a competition;
    • seinen Preis haben to have a certain value;
    • Auswirkungen auf die Preise haben to have repercussions on prices;
    • verschiedene Preise haben to differ in price;
    • auf Preise halten to stick to prices;
    • sich weitgehend an die festgesetzten Preise halten to keep as near as possible to the prices quoted;
    • sich im Preis halten to hold up its price;
    • Preis auf einer amtlich festgesetzten Höhe halten to freeze a price (US);
    • Preise niedrig halten to keep prices down, to hold down prices
    • Preise stabil halten to hold the line on prices;
    • Preis herabdrücken to bring (force) down (depress, send, squeeze down) the price;
    • Preis herabsetzen to abate (sink, bring down, mark down) a price, to cheapen;
    • Preise stark herabsetzen to chop prices;
    • Preise stillschweigend herabsetzen to cut prices on the quiet;
    • Preis heraufsetzen to put up (increase) a price;
    • Preise herauftreiben to jump up prices;
    • Preise herunterdrücken to bring (force, send, squeeze) down (screw) prices;
    • mit dem Preis heruntergehen to reduce the price;
    • Preis herunterhandeln to get a price reduced, to beat down a price (coll.);
    • Preise hinaufschrauben to level (screw, send) up prices, to rig the market;
    • Preise hinauftreiben to boost prices;
    • Preise hochhalten to keep prices up;
    • Preis hochschrauben to screw up (lift) prices;
    • Preise hochtreiben to boost (puff up) prices, to bull (rig, Br.) the market;
    • sich einen Preis holen to land a prize (coll.);
    • Preis kalkulieren to arrive at (make out, calculate) a price;
    • Preise schärfstens kalkulieren to cut prices to the minimum;
    • Preis sehr vorsichtig kalkulieren to establish a price at a low level;
    • zu festen Preisen kaufen to buy firm (on the scale);
    • etw. zu herabgesetzten Preis kaufen to buy s. th. at a bargain;
    • unter Preis kaufen to underbuy;
    • völlig unsinnigen Preis kosten to cost prohibitively high;
    • Preise lenken to control prices;
    • unter dem Preis losschlagen to sell under value, to let go under price;
    • zu jedem Preis losschlagen to sell at a sacrifice;
    • Preis mindern to reduce a price;
    • [vom] Preis nachlassen to take off the (make an allowance upon, make a reduction in, abate a) price;
    • Preis nennen to indicate (name) a price;
    • mit der Ladenkasse den Preis notieren to ring up the price;
    • Preis realisieren to obtain a price;
    • Preis reduzieren to lower (reduce) a price;
    • Preis regulieren to control a price;
    • nicht auf den Preis sehen not to consider the price;
    • mit einem Preis einverstanden sein to be willing to pay a price;
    • im Preis konkurrenzfähig sein to be competitively priced;
    • Preis senken to lower (reduce) a price;
    • Preis drastisch senken to slash a price dramatically;
    • Preise durch Subventionsmaßnahmen senken to roll back prices (US);
    • im Preise sinken to look down[wards], to run off;
    • Preise stabilisieren to stabilize prices;
    • im Preis stehen to be worth;
    • hoch im Preis stehen to command a high price;
    • im Preis steigen to increase (advance, enhance, go up) in price, to get (run) up, to bull;
    • im Preis steigern to raise price;
    • Preise stützen to peg (buttress, support, US) prices;
    • Preise in die Höhe treiben to drive up the prices, to bid up [prices], to rig the market;
    • Preise überbieten to outbid prices;
    • amtlich festgelegten Preis überschreiten to sell s. th. above the established price;
    • Preise unterbieten (verderben) to undercut (cut s. one’s) prices;
    • Preis vereinbaren to agree upon (negotiate) a price;
    • über einen Preis verhandeln to negotiate a price;
    • zu einem festen Preis verkaufen to sell at a fixed price;
    • etw. zum halben Preis verkaufen to sell s. th. half-price;
    • zu höheren als den amtlich festgesetzten Preisen verkaufen to sell above the established prices;
    • zu niedrigerem Preis verkaufen to sell under value, to undersell;
    • über Preis verkaufen to sell s. th. above the established price;
    • unter Preis verkaufen to sell under price;
    • zu einem vernünftigen Preis verkaufen to sell at a reasonable rate;
    • Preis verlangen to demand a price;
    • zu hohen Preis verlangen to overprice;
    • während der Saison enorm hohe Preise verlangen to stick it on during the busy season;
    • zu hohe Preise für eine Lieferung verlangen to overcharge goods;
    • mit einem Preis versehen to price;
    • Preise verteilen to distribute (present) the prizes;
    • im Preise billiger werden to decline in price;
    • zu wettbewerbsfähigen Preisen von der landwirtschaftlichen Bevölkerung erzeugt werden to be produced at competitive prices by the farming population;
    • durch hohe Preise vom Markt verdrängt werden to be priced out of the market;
    • ermäßigte Preise durch große Umsätze wettmachen to sell at a low price and recoup o. s. by large sales;
    • vollen Preis zahlen to pay full fare;
    • im Preis zurückgehen to be on the decline;
    • Preise gelten nur bei postwendender Bestellung prices valid subject to immediate acceptance;
    • Frühstück ist im Preis einbezogen the terms are inclusive of breakfast;
    • die Preise sind ins Bodenlose gesunken the bottom has fallen out of the market;
    • der Preis spielt keine Rolle price is no object;
    • der Preis unterliegt einem Rabatt von fünf Prozent the price is subject to a discount of five percent;
    • Preise ziehen heftig (kräftig) an prices rise sharply;
    • Preisabbau price cut, cut in (cutting of, fall in, decline in, reduction of, lowering of) prices;
    • Preisabfall decline in prices;
    • Preis abkommen, Preisabmachung price[-fixing] agreement;
    • staatliches Preisabkommen price code (Br.);
    • Preis- und Förderungsabkommen (OPEC) agreement on pricing and production;
    • Preisabnahme fall (drop, decline) in prices;
    • Preisabrede price [-fixing] agreement, pricing arrangement;
    • Preisabschlag discount, allowance, price deduction (reduction), abatement;
    • jem. einen Preisabschlag einräumen (gewähren) to allow a reduced price to s. o., to make an allowance on the (a reduction in) price;
    • durchschnittlicher Preisabschlag von 3% bei hundert Grundnahrungsmitteln erzwingen to trim 3% on average off the prices of some 100 basic items;
    • Preisabschwächung easing (sagging) of prices, price weakness;
    • Preisabsprache price agreement (arrangement, scheme), (Kartell) price fixing;
    • verbotene Preisabsprache illegal price fixing;
    • Preisabstand disparity in prices, margin;
    • Preisabstufung graduation of prices;
    • Preisabweichung price (value) variance, price difference;
    • Preisaktion price action;
    • Preisänderung price change (variance, modifications, alterations), alteration in price;
    • Preisänderungen vorbehalten subject to alterations, prices subject to change without notice;
    • relative Preisänderung proportionate change in price;
    • Preisänderungsklausel repricing clause;
    • Preisänderungsmitteilung price-change slip;
    • Preisanfrage inquiry as to price, price inquiry, request for quotation.

    Business german-english dictionary > Preis

  • 10 тариф

    тариф сущ
    tariff
    Агентство по пропорциональным тарифам
    Prorate Agency
    Африканская конференция по авиационным тарифам
    African Air Tariff Conference
    аэропортовый тариф
    airport tariff
    багажный тариф
    baggage rate
    базисный тариф
    basic fare
    базовый тариф
    fare construction unit
    билет по основному тарифу
    normal fare ticket
    введение в действие пассажирских и грузовых тарифов
    fares and rates enforcement
    введение тарифов
    fare-setting
    верхний предел тарифа промежуточного класса
    higher intermediate fare
    внесезонный тариф
    off-season fare
    вновь введенный тариф
    1. innovative fare
    2. innovative rate внутренний тариф
    1. internal fare
    2. domestic fare грузовая поездка со скидкой тарифов
    incentive group travel
    грузовой тариф
    1. freight rate
    2. cargo rate групповой тариф
    group fare
    действующий тариф
    applicable fare
    детский тариф
    child fare
    деятельность по координации тарифов
    tariff coordinating activity
    дифференцированный тариф
    differential rate
    дополнительный тариф
    extra fare
    единица при построении грузовых тарифов
    rate construction unit
    единый тариф
    1. flat fare
    2. flat rate единый тариф на полет в двух направлениях
    two-way fare
    закрытый тариф
    closed rate
    исходный уровень тарифа
    reference fare level
    количественный тариф
    quantity rate
    комбинированный сквозной тариф
    combination through fare
    комбинированный тариф
    combination fare
    Комиссия по нарушению тарифов
    Breachers Commission
    Комитет по поощрительным тарифам
    Creative Fares Board
    Комитет по специальным грузовым тарифам
    Specific Commodity Rates Board
    Конференция по координации тарифов
    Tariff Co-ordinating Conference
    льготный тариф
    1. low fare
    2. discount fare 3. reduced tariff 4. concession fare 5. discount rate льготный целевой тариф
    creative fare
    межсезонный тариф
    shoulder season fare
    местный тариф
    local fare
    молодежный тариф
    youth fare
    неопубликованный тариф
    unpublished fare
    несоблюдение тарифов
    tariff violation
    нижний предел тарифа туристического класса
    economy fare
    общий тариф на перевозку разносортных грузов
    freight-all-kinds rate
    Объединенная конференция по грузовым тарифам
    Composite cargo Traffic Conference
    Объединенная конференция по координации пассажирских тарифов
    Composite Passenger Tariff Co-ordinating Conference
    объединенный тариф
    joint fare
    объявленный тариф
    public fare
    обычно действующий тариф
    normal applicable fare
    обычный тариф экономического класса
    normal economy fare
    односторонний тариф
    1. one-way rate
    2. one-way fare одобренный тариф
    adopted tariff
    опубликованный тариф
    published fare
    опубликовывать тарифы
    disclose the fares
    основной грузовой тариф
    general cargo rate
    основной тариф
    fare basis
    Отдел по соблюдению тарифов
    Compliance Department
    открытый тариф
    open rate
    пассажир по полному тарифу
    adult
    пассажирский тариф
    passenger fare
    первоначальный тариф
    inaugural fare
    перевозка по специальному тарифу
    unit toll transportation
    перевозки по тарифу туристического класса
    coach traffic
    повышение тарифа
    fare upgrading
    полный тариф
    adult fare
    поощрительный тариф
    1. incentive fare
    2. promotional fare порядок введения тарифов
    fare-setting machinery
    порядок подготовки тарифов
    fare-making machinery
    порядок утверждения тарифов
    fare-fixing machinery
    построение тарифов
    fare construction
    правила построения тарифов
    fare construction rules
    предварительный тариф
    package type fare
    приемлемый тариф
    matching fare
    применение тарифов
    application of tariffs
    применяемый тариф
    applicable tariff
    принятый тариф
    1. adopted rate
    2. adopted fare пропорционально распределенный тариф
    prorated fare
    пропорциональный дополнительный тариф
    add-on fare
    пропорциональный тариф
    proportional fare
    разница в тарифах по классам
    class differential
    разовый тариф
    arbitrary fare
    расчетный тариф
    constructed fare
    расчет тарифа
    fare calculation
    регулирование тарифов
    rate-setting
    режим закрытых тарифов
    closed-rate situation
    режим открытых тарифов
    open-rate situation
    сборник пассажирских тарифов на воздушную перевозку
    Air Passenger Tariff
    сверхльготный тариф
    deep discount fare
    сезонный тариф
    1. shoulder fare
    2. on-season fare Секция тарифов воздушных перевозчиков
    Air Carrier Tariffs Section
    (ИКАО) семейный тариф
    family fare
    сквозной тариф
    1. through fare
    2. through rate скидка с тарифа
    1. fare taper
    2. reduction on fare скидка с тарифа за дальность
    distance fare taper
    сниженный тариф
    1. reduced rate
    2. reduced fare соблюдать опубликованный тариф
    comply with published tariff
    Совместный комитет по специальным грузовым тарифам
    Joint service Commodity Rates Board
    совместный тариф между авиакомпаниями
    interline fare
    согласованная статья двустороннего соглашения о тарифах
    standard bilateral tariff clause
    согласованный тариф
    1. agreed rate
    2. agreed fare соглашение по пассажирским и грузовым тарифам
    fares and rates agreement
    соглашение по тарифам
    tariff agreement
    составной тариф
    combined fare
    специально установленный тариф
    specified fare
    специальный грузовой тариф
    specific commodity rate
    специальный тариф
    special fare
    специальный тариф за перевозку транспортируемой единицы
    unit toll
    стандартный отраслевой уровень тарифов
    standard industry fare level
    стандартный уровень зарубежных тарифов
    standard foreign fare level
    статья об авиационных тарифах
    air tariff clause
    структура тарифов
    fare structure
    студенческий тариф
    student fare
    тариф без скидок
    normal fare
    тариф бизнес-класса
    business class fare
    тариф в местной валюте
    local currency fare
    тариф вне сезона пик
    off-peak fare
    тариф в одном направлении
    directional rate
    тариф для беженцев
    refugee fare
    тариф для младенцев
    infant fare
    тариф для моряков
    seaman's fare
    тариф для навалочных грузов
    bulk unitization rate
    тариф для отдельного участка полета
    sectorial fare
    тариф для пары пассажиров
    two-in-one fare
    тариф для перевозки с неподтвержденным бронированием
    standby fare
    тариф для переселенцев
    migrant fare
    тариф для полета в одном направлении
    single fare
    тариф для полетов внутри одной страны
    cabotage fare
    тариф для рабочих
    worker fare
    тариф для специализированной группы
    affinity group fare
    тариф для супружеской пары
    spouse fare
    тариф для членов экипажей морских судов
    ship's crew fare
    тариф для эмигрантов
    emigrant fare
    тариф за багаж сверх нормы
    excess baggage rate
    тариф за перевозку
    1. fare for carriage
    2. conveyance rate тариф за перевозку грузов в специальном приспособлении для комплектования
    unit load device rate
    тариф за перевозку несопровождаемого багажа
    unaccompanied baggage rate
    тариф за полное обслуживание
    inclusive fare
    тариф за рейс вне расписания
    nonscheduled tariff
    тариф кругового маршрута
    circle trip fare
    тариф между двумя пунктами
    point-to-point fare
    тариф на воздушную перевозку пассажира
    air fare
    тариф на оптовую чартерную перевозку
    wholesale charter rate
    тариф на отдельном участке полета
    sectorial rate
    тариф на перевозку почты
    mail rate
    тариф на перевозку товаров
    commodity rate
    тариф на полет в ночное время суток
    night fare
    тариф на полет по замкнутому кругу
    round trip fare
    тариф на полет с возвратом в течение суток
    day round trip fare
    тариф на путешествие
    trip fare
    тариф первого класса
    first-class fare
    тариф перевозки туристических групп, укомплектованных эксплуатантом
    tour operator's package fare
    тариф по контракту
    contract rate
    тариф по незамкнутому круговому маршруту
    open-jaw fare
    тариф при предварительном бронировании
    advance booking fare
    тариф при предварительном приобретении билета
    advance purchase fare
    тариф при приобретении билета непосредственно перед вылетом
    instant purchase fare
    тариф при регулярной воздушной перевозки
    regular fare
    тариф при свободной продаже
    open-market fare
    тариф промежуточного класса
    intermediate class fare
    тариф прямого маршрута
    direct fare
    тариф сезона пик
    peak fare
    тариф стоимости перевозки
    fare
    тариф туда-обратно
    return fare
    тариф туристического класса
    1. coach fare
    2. tourist fare уровень тарифов
    fare level
    условный тариф
    basing fare
    установление тарифа
    market pricing
    установление тарифов
    tariff setting
    утверждать тариф
    approve the tariff
    утвержденный тариф
    1. approved rate
    2. approved fare чартерный тариф
    1. charter rate
    2. charter class fare экскурсионный тариф
    1. tour-basing fare
    2. excursion fare

    Русско-английский авиационный словарь > тариф

  • 11 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 12 menor

    adj.
    1 smaller.
    2 younger, junior.
    3 minor, lesser.
    f. & m.
    m.
    1 minor, young man, youngster.
    2 minor, young girl.
    * * *
    1 (comparativo - en tamaño) smaller; (- en calidad, importancia) lesser; (- en edad) younger
    2 (superlativo - en tamaño) smallest; (- en calidad, importancia) least; (- en edad) youngest
    3 (inferior) minor
    4 MÚSICA minor
    1 DERECHO minor
    \
    al por menor retail
    apto,-a para menores (gen) suitable for all ages 2 (película) U-certificate, US rated G
    ser menor de edad to be under age
    tribunal de menores juvenile court
    * * *
    1. noun mf. 2. adj.
    2) smaller, smallest
    3) lesser, least
    4) younger, youngest
    •
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) [comparativo]
    a) [de tamaño] smaller

    los libros están ordenados de menor a mayor — the books are arranged by size, from small to large

    b) [de cantidad] fewer, less

    • menor que algo — less than sth

    c) [de importancia, tiempo]

    • en menor grado — to a lesser extent

    d) [de edad] younger

    • menor que algn — younger than sb

    • ser menor de edad — to be under age; (Jur) to be a minor

    e) (Mús) minor
    f) (Rel) [orden] minor
    2) [superlativo]
    a) [de tamaño] smallest
    b) [de cantidad] lowest, smallest
    c) [de importancia, tiempo] least
    idea 4)
    d) [de edad] youngest

    este es Miguel, mi hijo menor — this is Miguel, my youngest son

    2.
    SMF (=niño) child, minor frm

    • apto/ no apto para menores — suitable/not suitable for (young) children

    apto para menores acompañados — (Cine) ≈ certificate PG

    menor de edad — (Jur) minor

    los menores de edad — those who are under age, minors

    tribunal 1)
    3. SM
    1) (Com)

    • (al) por menor — retail antes de s

    2) Esp

    • contar algo al por menor — to recount sth in detail

    * * *
    I
    1)

    en menor medida/grado — to a lesser extent o degree

    un porcentaje menor — a lower o smaller percentage

    X < Z — (Mat) (read as: equis es menor que zeta) X < Z; (léase: X is less than Z)

    2) ( en edad)

    ¿tienes hermanas menores? — do you have any younger sisters?

    ¿cuál es el menor de los hermanos? — who's the youngest of the brothers?

    3) ( secundario) <escritor/obra> minor
    4) (Mús) minor
    5) (Com)
    II
    masculino y femenino (Der) minor
    * * *
    I
    1)

    en menor medida/grado — to a lesser extent o degree

    un porcentaje menor — a lower o smaller percentage

    X < Z — (Mat) (read as: equis es menor que zeta) X < Z; (léase: X is less than Z)

    2) ( en edad)

    ¿tienes hermanas menores? — do you have any younger sisters?

    ¿cuál es el menor de los hermanos? — who's the youngest of the brothers?

    3) ( secundario) <escritor/obra> minor
    4) (Mús) minor
    5) (Com)
    II
    masculino y femenino (Der) minor
    * * *
    el menor
    = least, the

    Ex: Of these three connectors, 'and' focusses your search with the least precision since it retrieves all records that contain both words anywhere in the record.

    menor1
    1 = infant, juvenile, juvenile, minor.

    Ex: The article 'Sitting pretty: infants, toddlers, & lapsits' outlines the procedures followed at San Francisco public library to help parents introduce their babies to appropriate literature.

    Ex: The construction of the hypothesis, however, should be limited to such considerations as whether the subject heading list is designed to serve the adult or the juvenile user.
    Ex: The library provides services to 2,903 adults and juveniles who have been sentenced or remanded to the care of the Department.
    Ex: This new Act requires US libraries to block obscenity, child pornography and all material deemed harmful to minors on all computers used by minors.
    * abandono de menores = child neglect.
    * abuso de menores = child abuse.
    * apto para mayores de 13 años o menores acompañados = PG-13.
    * centro de menores = young offender institution.
    * centro tutelar de menores = juvenile detention centre.
    * consumo de bebidas alcohólicas por menores de edad = underage drinking.
    * departamento de corrección de menores = department of corrections.
    * embarazo de menores = teenage pregnancy.
    * escuela de niños menores = infant school.
    * explotación de menores = child labour.
    * grupo de protección a menores = Shelter group.
    * juzgado de asuntos menores = magistrates' court.
    * manutención del menor = child maintenance.
    * manutención de menores = child support.
    * menor de edad = underage.
    * menores de cinco años, los = under-fives, the.
    * no apto para menores = X-rated.
    * pensión de menores = child support.
    * protección de menores = child protection, child welfare.
    * sexo de menores = underage sex.
    * trabajo de menores = child labour.
    * tribunal de menores = juvenile court, minors' court.

    menor2
    2 = minor, reduced, slight [sligther -comp., slightest -sup.], low-key [low key], lesser, lower-key, diminished, low-keyed.

    Ex: A study of bibliographic classification could concentrate solely upon the major, and some of the more minor bibliographic classification schemes used today.

    Ex: The model shows that market concentration rises with inelastic demand, reduced marginal costs and efficient technology.
    Ex: The ISBD(CP)'s recommendations are very similar in principle to those for AACR2's 'in' analytics, except for slight changes in punctuation and order.
    Ex: Activity is still low key, but will increase when the British Library puts up data bases on its own computer in 1977.
    Ex: The catalog's deterioration is leading us down the road to lesser quality library service.
    Ex: After all, print technology can be represented by pencial, pen, type, laser output, and so forth, but the effect is lower-key.
    Ex: This volume comes at a time when increasingly frequent criticisms have been leveled at superpower nations for their diminished interest in problems in Africa.
    Ex: Overall, he provides a low-keyed, lucid account that, with its many-leveled approach, does more than justice to the complex themes it studies.
    * a menor escala = at a reduced rate.
    * cada vez menor = decreasing, dwindling, diminishing, declining, falling, shrinking, receding, sinking, ebbing, descending.
    * con un menor nivel educativo = lesser-educated.
    * delito de menor grado = misdemeanour [misdimeanor, -USA].
    * delito menor = petty offense, petty crime, minor offence.
    * demanda cada vez menor = falling demand.
    * de mayor o menor importancia = great and small.
    * de menor impacto = low impact [low-impact].
    * de menor importancia = fringe subject, of fringe interest.
    * de menor importancia para = on the fringe of.
    * desajuste cada vez menor entre... y = narrowing gap between... and, narrowing of the gap between... and.
    * de venta al por menor = retail.
    * diferencia cada vez menor entre... y = narrowing gap between... and, narrowing of the gap between... and.
    * en mayor o menor grado = to a greater or lesser degree.
    * en mayor o menor medida = to a greater or lesser extent.
    * en menor cantidad = less copiously.
    * en menor grado = to a lesser extent, to a lesser degree.
    * en paños menores = in + Posesivo + underclothes.
    * la menor duda de que = no doubt whatsoever.
    * menor de + Número = fewer than + Número.
    * menor, el = least, the.
    * no tener la menor importancia = be of no particular concern.
    * paños menores = undies.
    * presupuesto cada vez menor = shrinking budget.
    * ser el que con menor frecuencia = be (the) least likely to.
    * ser menor = be less.
    * símbolo de menor-que (<) = left angled bracket (<), less-than sign (<).
    * sin el menor asomo de duda = without a shadow of a doubt, beyond a shadow of a doubt, beyond a shadow of a doubt.
    * sin la menor duda = no mistake, no doubt.
    * sin la menor idea = clueless.
    * sin la menor sombra de duda = without a shadow of a doubt.
    * vender al por menor = retail.
    * venta al por menor = retailing, retail trade.
    * ventas al por menor = retail sales.

    * * *
    A
    un período de menor interés histórico que el anterior a period of less historical interest than the previous one
    nuestro poder adquisitivo es cada vez menor our purchasing power decreases every day
    en menor medida to a lesser extent o degree
    en mayor o menor grado to a greater or lesser extent o degree
    alimentos de menor contenido calórico food which is lower in calories
    menor QUE algo:
    un ingreso tres veces menor que el mío an income three times lower than mine
    un porcentaje de indecisos menor que el del último sondeo a lower o smaller percentage of don't knows than in the last poll
    ( Mat): X Z (read as: equis es menor que zeta) X Z (léase: X is less than Z)
    esto sucede con menor frecuencia que antes this happens less often o less frequently than before
    haciendo el menor ruido posible making as little noise as possible
    eligió el de menor tamaño she chose the smallest one
    ¿cuál es la menor de las islas Baleares? which is the smallest of the Balearic islands?
    1
    (comparativo): ¿tienes hermanas menores? do you have any younger sisters?
    menor QUE algn younger THAN sb
    es un año menor que yo she's a year younger than me
    2
    (superlativo): ¿cuál es el menor de los hermanos? who's the youngest of the brothers?
    mi hijo menor my youngest son
    el menor de los dos niños the younger of the two boys
    C (secundario) ‹escritor/obra› minor
    sufrió lesiones de menor importancia she received minor injuries
    D ( Mús) minor
    E ( Com):
    [ S ] venta (al) por menor retail sales
    los distribuidores (al) por menor retail shops o outlets
    ( Der) minor
    [ S ] película no apta para menores movie not suitable for under-18s, certificate 18
    Compuesto:
    ser menor de edad to be a minor, be underage
    * * *

     

    menor adjetivo
    1

    ◊ pequeño) ‹número/porcentaje› lower, smaller;

    en menor medida/grado to a lesser extent o degree;
    menor que algo lower than sth;
    un ingreso menor que el mío an income lower than mine

    ◊ pequeño): el país con el menor número de parados the country with the lowest unemployment figures;

    haciendo el menor ruido posible making as little noise as possible;
    el de menor tamaño the smallest one
    2 ( en edad)

    menor que algn younger than sb

    ◊ ¿cuál es el menor de los hermanos? who's the youngest of the brothers?;

    el menor de los dos niños the younger of the two boys
    3 ( secundario) ‹escritor/obra› minor;

    4 (Mús) minor
    5 (Com):

    ■ sustantivo masculino y femenino: tb
    ◊ menor de edad minor; ser menor de edad to be a minor, to be under age;

    película no apta para menores film not suitable for under-18s
    menor
    I adjetivo
    1 (comparativo de tamaño) smaller: una habitación menor que la mía, a room smaller than mine
    (superlativo) smallest
    el tamaño menor, the smallest size
    2 (comparativo de grado) less: su alegría es menor que la mía, his happiness is less than mine
    (superlativo) least, slightest: no tiene la menor idea, he hasn't the slightest idea
    3 (comparativo de edad) younger: es menor de sesenta años, she is under sixty
    es menor que mi prima, he's younger than my cousin
    (superlativo) youngest
    la menor de nosotras, the youngest of us
    4 Mús minor
    5 Com al por menor, retail
    II mf Jur minor

    ' menor' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abusar
    - Asia
    - caza
    - edad
    - efecto
    - menos
    - mínima
    - mínimo
    - osa
    - re
    - relevancia
    - sol
    - sombra
    - trascendencia
    - vender
    - venta
    - cazar
    - compás
    - de
    - duda
    - enfadado
    - enfadar
    - enojado
    - enojar
    - intención
    - movimiento
    - noción
    English:
    age
    - Asia Minor
    - barge in
    - clue
    - deaf
    - doubt
    - extent
    - fact
    - foggy
    - guardian
    - junior
    - juvenile
    - least
    - lesser
    - may
    - minor
    - misdemeanor
    - misdemeanour
    - retail
    - retail sale
    - retailing
    - show
    - under
    - young
    - magistrate
    - marginal
    - offender
    - out
    - rough
    - slight
    * * *
    ♦ adj
    1. [comparativo] [en tamaño] smaller ( que than); [en edad] younger ( que than); [en importancia] less, lesser ( que than); [en número] lower ( que than);
    este apartamento es menor que el otro this Br flat o US apartment is smaller than the other one;
    mi hermana menor my younger sister;
    es ocho años menor que yo he's eight years younger than me;
    reciben menor formación que nosotros they receive less training than us;
    en menor grado to a lesser extent;
    un menor número de víctimas a lower o smaller number of victims;
    una menor tasa de inflación a lower rate of inflation;
    apartamentos menores de 100 metros cuadrados Br flats o US apartments of less than o under 100 square metres;
    ayudas para empresarios menores de veinticinco años grants for businessmen (of) under twenty-five;
    sólo la menor parte de los encuestados estaba en contra only a minority of those interviewed were opposed;
    Mat
    menor que less than
    2. [superlativo]
    el/la menor… [en tamaño] the smallest…;
    [en edad] the youngest…; [en importancia] the slightest…; [en número] the lowest…;
    la menor de las islas the smallest island, the smallest of the islands;
    la menor de todos nosotros/de la clase the youngest of all of us/in the class;
    la menor de las dos hermanas the younger of the two sisters;
    el menor ruido le molesta the slightest noise disturbs him;
    no creo que tenga el menor interés I don't think it's at all o the slightest bit interesting;
    no te preocupes, no tiene la menor importancia don't worry, it doesn't matter at all o in the least;
    no tengo la menor idea I haven't the slightest idea
    3. [intrascendente, secundario] minor;
    un problema menor a minor problem
    4. [joven]
    aún es menor para salir solo he's still a bit young to go out on his own;
    ser menor de edad [para votar, conducir] to be under age;
    Der to be a minor
    5. Mús minor;
    en do menor in C minor
    6. Com
    al por menor retail;
    vender algo al por menor to retail sth;
    ♦ nmf
    1. [superlativo]
    el/la menor [hijo, hermano] the youngest
    2. Der [niño] minor;
    es una película no apta para menores this film has been classified as unsuitable for children;
    no apta para menores [en letrero] = unsuitable for children
    menor de edad minor
    * * *
    I adj
    1 comp less; en tamaño smaller; en edad younger;
    ser menor de edad be a minor
    2 sup
    :
    el menor en tamaño the smallest; en edad the youngest;
    el número menor the lowest number;
    no tengo la menor idea I don’t have the slightest idea
    3 MÚS tono, modo minor;
    mi menor E minor
    4 COM
    :
    al por menor retail
    II m/f minor
    * * *
    menor adj
    1) (comparative of pequeño) : smaller, lesser, younger
    2) (superlative of pequeño) : smallest, least, youngest
    3) : minor
    4)
    al por menor : retail
    5)
    ser menor de edad : to be a minor, to be underage
    menor nmf
    : minor, juvenile
    * * *
    menor1 adj
    2. (ningún) slightest
    menor2 n
    1. (más joven) youngest

    Spanish-English dictionary > menor

  • 13 Ware

    Ware f 1. GEN article, commodity, product (unterliegt der Verbrauchssteuer); good, ware; 2. WIWI article, commodity, product; 3. V&M merchandise • die Ware wurde noch nicht zugestellt GEN the goods remain undelivered
    * * *
    f 1. < Geschäft> unterliegt der Verbrauchssteuer article, commodity, product; 2. <Vw> article, commodity, product; 3. <V&M> merchandise ■ die Ware wurde noch nicht zugestellt < Geschäft> the goods remain undelivered
    * * *
    Ware
    (Erzeugnis) product, (Handelsware) merchandise, (Kurszettel) offers, sellers, (Sammelbegriff) goods, articles, commodity, [sale] wares, stuff, (einzelnes Stück) article, parcel [of goods];
    • Waren stock, products, (Warenart) line;
    • nicht abgeholte Waren uncollected goods;
    • abgepackte Waren [pre]packaged goods;
    • abrufbereite Waren goods actually ready for immediate delivery;
    • absatzfähige Waren marketable commodities;
    • leicht absetzbare Waren fast-moving goods;
    • schwer absetzbare (abzusetzende) Waren hard-to-move (slow-moving) products;
    • sicher abzusetzende Waren articles certain to sell;
    • angebotene Waren goods for sale;
    • vom Zoll angehaltene Waren goods stopped at the customhouse;
    • anmeldepflichtige Waren (Zoll) goods to declare;
    • annehmbare Waren goods in fair condition;
    • in beiliegender Rechnung aufgeführte Waren goods specified in the annexed invoice;
    • auserlesene Waren choice goods (articles), picked goods;
    • ausgeführte Waren exported goods;
    • wieder ausgeführte Waren reexports;
    • fälschlich als Markenprodukte ausgegebene Waren misbranded products;
    • offen ausgelegte Waren open display;
    • ausgestellte Waren merchandise displayed;
    • im Schaufenster ausgestellte Waren articles shown in the window;
    • zum Verkauf ausgestellte Waren goods exhibited for sale;
    • ausgesuchte Waren choice goods (articles, quality);
    • ausgezeichnete Waren price-labelled (marked) goods;
    • nicht ausklarierte Ware uncleared goods;
    • aussortierte Ware job goods;
    • avisierte Waren advised goods;
    • beanstandete Ware rejects;
    • nicht auf Lager befindliche Waren items not stocked;
    • unterwegs befindliche Waren goods afloat, afloat goods, merchandise in transit;
    • auf dem Luftwege beförderte Waren merchandise consigned by air;
    • in der Herstellung begriffene Waren goods in process;
    • täglich benötigte Waren necessary articles;
    • nach Maß berechnete Waren measurement goods;
    • beschädigte Waren damaged (defective) goods;
    • vom langen Liegen im Laden beschädigte Waren shop-worn (shop-soiled) merchandise;
    • auf dem Transport beschädigte Waren goods damaged in transit;
    • beschlagnahmte Waren confiscated (seized) goods;
    • vom Zoll beschlagnahmte Waren goods held up at customs;
    • bestellte Waren goods ordered;
    • zur Ausfuhr bestimmte Waren goods intended for export;
    • für den Inlandsverbrauch bestimmte Ware goods intended for home consumption;
    • beim Kaufabschluss bestimmte Waren specific goods;
    • bewirtschaftete Waren quota (rationed) goods, rationed (scarce) commodity;
    • nicht bewirtschaftete Waren non-rationed goods, commodities not under control;
    • nicht mehr bewirtschaftete Waren derationed goods;
    • falsch bezeichnete Waren falsely marked merchandise;
    • bezogene Waren purchased merchandise;
    • bezugsbeschränkte Waren rationed (quota) goods;
    • billige Waren low-priced goods;
    • preislich billigere Waren lower-priced goods;
    • braune Ware brown goods;
    • [nicht] deklarierte Waren [un]declared goods;
    • verkehrswidrig als Gepäck deklarierte Waren contraband baggage;
    • devisenschwache Waren soft goods;
    • devisenstarke Waren hard goods;
    • disponible Waren disposable goods, stock on hand;
    • drittklassige Waren thirds;
    • durchgehende Waren transit goods;
    • effektive Waren actual goods ready for immediate delivery;
    • eingebürgerte Waren well-introduced articles;
    • eingeführte Waren imported goods;
    • gut eingeführte Waren popular make, well-kown merchandise (commodities), established products;
    • unverzollt eingeführte Waren uncustomed merchandise;
    • eingehende Waren incoming goods, receipts, arrivals;
    • eingelagerte Waren stockpiled commodities, stored (warehouse) goods, goods (merchandise) in storage, goods in warehouse;
    • eingeschmuggelte Waren smuggled goods;
    • einheimische Waren home-made (inland) commodities, domestic goods;
    • nicht einwandfreie Waren faulty goods;
    • erstklassige Waren good-class (superior) articles, first-rate goods;
    • noch zu erzeugende Waren future goods;
    • etikettierte Waren labelled (branded) goods;
    • exportierte Waren exported goods;
    • fakturierte Waren invoiced goods;
    • nicht unter Tarif fallende Waren exempt commodities;
    • fehlende Waren missing goods, short interest;
    • fehlerfreie Waren goods free from fault, goods in sound condition, faultless goods;
    • fehlerhafte Waren defective goods;
    • feinere Waren better description;
    • halb fertige Waren semi-finished goods;
    • feuergefährliche Waren inflammable cargo;
    • flüssige Waren wet goods;
    • freigegebene Waren goods taken out of pledge, derationed goods;
    • gangbarste Waren leading articles;
    • gängige Waren current articles, salable (marketable) goods;
    • übrig gebliebene Waren remnants;
    • gebrauchte Waren secondhand goods;
    • gediegene Waren sterling goods;
    • für den Export geeignete Waren export-quality goods;
    • Gefahr bringende (gefährliche) Waren hazardous goods, dangerous articles;
    • von Natur aus gefährliche Waren goods dangerous in themselves;
    • nach Kundenwünschen gefertigte Waren custom-made goods;
    • maschinell gefertigte Waren machine-made products;
    • stark gefragte Waren quick-selling lines;
    • in Auftrag gegebene Waren merchandise on order, ordered goods;
    • in Zahlung gegebene Waren trade-in goods;
    • im Preis gehaltene Waren price-maintained commodities;
    • gekaufte Waren store goods (US);
    • auf Kredit gekaufte Waren goods bought on credit;
    • erst nach Preisvergleich gekaufte Waren shopping goods (US);
    • spontan gekaufte Waren impulse goods (US);
    • gekennzeichnete Waren marked goods;
    • gelagerte Waren stored goods;
    • vermischt gelagerte Waren commingled goods;
    • gelieferte Waren goods sold and delivered;
    • noch nicht gelieferte Waren undelivered goods;
    • beim Zoll nicht gemeldete Waren undeclared goods;
    • gemischte Waren mixed goods;
    • genormte Waren standardized commodities;
    • gepackte Waren package goods;
    • gepfändete Waren distrained (seized) goods;
    • aus Brandschäden (Seeschäden) gerettete Waren salvage stock;
    • geringwertige Waren inferior(low-quality) goods;
    • geschmuggelte Waren smuggled goods;
    • nicht geschmuggelte Waren innocent goods;
    • durch Einfuhrzölle geschützte Waren protected articles;
    • fertig gestellte Waren finished (fully manufactured) goods;
    • dem Kunden in Rechnung gestellte Waren goods billed to customer;
    • zur Schau gestellte Waren merchandise displayed;
    • gesuchte Waren articles in demand;
    • gleichwertige Waren goods of the same standard;
    • grobe Ware roughage;
    • begrenzt haltbare Waren goods with limited shelf life;
    • handgefertigte Waren handmade products;
    • havarierte Waren goods damaged by sea water;
    • heiße Waren hot goods;
    • im Preis herabgesetzte Waren reduced (marked-down) merchandise, markdowns;
    • über den Eigenbedarf hinaus hergestellte Ware surplus commodities;
    • fabrikmäßig hergestellte Waren manufactured commodities;
    • im Gefängnis (von Strafgefangenen) hergestellte Waren prison- (convict-) made goods;
    • maschinell hergestellte Waren machine-made goods;
    • von Nichtgewerkschaftlern hergestellte Waren tainted goods (Br.);
    • serienmäßig hergestellte Waren mass- (volume-) produced goods;
    • hochwertige (hoch qualifizierte) Waren high-quality (-grade) goods;
    • importierte Waren imported goods;
    • inflationsempfindliche Waren inflation-prone goods;
    • inländische Waren home-made goods;
    • katalogisierte Waren catalog(u)ed goods;
    • käufliche Waren goods for sale;
    • konkurrenzfähige Waren competitive products;
    • konsignierte Waren consignment goods;
    • kontingentierte Waren quota (rationed) goods;
    • nicht kontingentierte Waren non-quota goods;
    • [nicht] kriegswichtige Waren [non-]strategic goods;
    • lagerfähige Waren storable goods;
    • lebenswichtige Waren goods of vital necessity, essential goods;
    • lieferbare Waren goods on hand (fit for acceptance);
    • sofort lieferbare Waren spots, spot goods, (Börse) prompts (Br.);
    • unter Zollverschluss liegende Waren goods in bond;
    • lose Waren unpacked (bulk) goods;
    • mangelhafte Waren faulty (defective) goods;
    • markenpflichtige Waren coupon (rationed) goods;
    • marktgängige Waren marketable products;
    • nicht marktkonforme Waren down-market goods;
    • minderwertige Waren goods of inferior workmanship, low-class (low-quality, poor-quality) goods, inferior products (goods), trumpery wares, wastrel, trash;
    • modische Waren novelties, up-to-date merchandise;
    • nachgemachte Waren imitation goods;
    • Not leidende Waren distress merchandise;
    • patentierte Waren patented articles (products), proprietary articles;
    • preisgebundene Waren price-controlled (price-bound) merchandise, price-fixed (price-controlled, price-maintained) goods, fixed-price lines;
    • preisgeschützte (preisstabile) Waren price-maintained goods (commodities);
    • preiswerte Waren cheap line, good value;
    • qualitätsgeminderte Waren substandard goods;
    • rationierte Waren allocated (quota, rationed, coupon) goods;
    • leicht realisierbare Waren readily marketable staples;
    • reduzierte Waren as-is merchandise;
    • reelle Waren good articles;
    • retournierte (rückgesandte) Waren returned goods;
    • rollende Waren rolling freight;
    • saisonbedingte Waren commodities with a strong seasonal pattern;
    • schlechte Waren faulty articles, inferior products (goods);
    • schwimmende Waren floating goods, goods afloat;
    • sicherungsübereignete Waren pledged goods (merchandise);
    • sortierte Waren graded commodity;
    • sperrige Waren bulky goods;
    • nicht sperrige Waren goods of small bulk;
    • spottbillige Waren sacrificed goods, dead bargain;
    • im Eigentum des Verkäufers stehende Waren existing goods;
    • zum Verkauf stehende Waren goods for sale;
    • steuerpflichtige Waren taxable class of goods (commodity);
    • tarierte Waren tared goods;
    • tiefgekühlte Waren frozen goods;
    • trockene Waren dry goods;
    • übereignete Waren assigned goods;
    • unter Eigentumsvorbehalt überlassene Waren merchandise on memorandum (US), memorandum goods (US), goods on commission;
    • übersandte Waren forwarded (shipped, US) goods;
    • schnell umschlagbare (umschlagende) Waren fast-moving (-selling) goods (items);
    • unbeanstandete Ware not rejected goods;
    • unbestellte Waren goods not ordered;
    • unbezahlte Waren unpaid goods, goods left on our hands;
    • unfertige Waren rough goods;
    • unsortierte Waren non-graded products;
    • unterdurchschnittliche Waren substandard goods;
    • großen Kaufpreisschwankungen unterliegende Ware boom-and-bust commodity;
    • der Preisüberwachung unterliegende Waren price-controlled articles;
    • unterversicherte Waren underinsured goods;
    • unverderbliche Waren non-perishable merchandise, non-perishables;
    • unverkäufliche Waren dead commodities (stock), dud stock, drug in the market, unsalable articles;
    • unvermischte Waren honest goods;
    • unverpackte Waren unpacked (bulk, loose) goods;
    • unversicherte Waren uninsured goods;
    • unverzollte Waren uncustomed (unentered) goods;
    • noch unverzollte Waren unentered goods;
    • verarbeitete Waren processed goods;
    • nicht verarbeitete Waren unprocessed (unfinished) commodity (goods);
    • verderbliche Waren goods subject to deterioration;
    • leicht verderbliche Waren goods which perish, perishable goods (commodities), perishables;
    • verdorbene Waren spoilt (perished) goods;
    • verfügbare Waren available (disposable) goods;
    • in Kommission vergebene Waren goods on commission, memorandum goods (US);
    • schnell vergriffene Waren goods selling like wildfire (hot cakes, Br., hot dogs, US);
    • verkäufliche Waren marketable commodities;
    • langsam verkäufliche Waren slow-moving merchandise, sleeper (US);
    • leicht verkäufliche Waren fast-moving (-selling) goods, readily marketable staples;
    • schwer verkäufliche Waren unsalable goods, articles hard to get rid of;
    • verkaufsfähige Waren marketable products;
    • vom Hersteller verkaufte Waren first-hand goods;
    • nach dem Stück verkaufte Waren piece goods;
    • nicht verladene Waren short interest;
    • vermischte Waren mixed lot;
    • verpackte Waren package[d] goods;
    • in Kisten verpackte Ware cased goods;
    • verpfändete Waren goods lying in pledge, pledged (mortgaged) goods;
    • verplombte Waren leaded goods;
    • versandfertige Waren goods ready for delivery;
    • versandte Waren forwarded goods;
    • in Behältern versandte Waren container-shipped goods;
    • auf Rechnung versandte Waren goods shipped on account (US);
    • verschiffte Waren goods shipped;
    • mit Gewerkschaftsetikett versehene Waren union label goods (US);
    • versicherte Waren insured goods;
    • versteigerte Waren auctioned goods;
    • vertretbare Waren fungible things, representative commodities;
    • in beiliegender Rechnung verzeichnete Waren goods specified in the invoice attached;
    • verzollte Waren cleared goods, goods out of bond;
    • hoch verzollte Waren high-duty goods;
    • nicht verzollte Waren uncleared goods;
    • noch nicht verzollte Waren unentered goods;
    • niedrig verzollte Waren low-rate articles, low-duty goods;
    • virtuelle Waren virtual goods;
    • vorrätige Waren goods on hand, available goods;
    • ständig vorrätige Waren open stock;
    • vorzügliche Waren choice commodities, articles of first (superior) quality;
    • weiße Ware white goods;
    • vom langen Liegen (durch Lagerung) im Laden wertgeminderte Waren shopworn merchandise;
    • wertlose Waren trash, poor truck (US);
    • zerbrechliche Waren fragile goods;
    • zollfreie Waren duty-free articles (goods), free (uncustomed) goods;
    • zollhängige Waren goods in the process of clearing, uncleared goods;
    • zollpflichtige Waren dutiable (bonded) goods;
    • unverlangt zugesandte Waren unsolicited goods;
    • zugkräftige Waren articles of quick sale, popular articles;
    • zurückgehende Waren returnable goods;
    • zurückgelegte Waren lay-away (US);
    • zurückgenommene Waren returns inward;
    • zurückgesandte Waren returned goods, returns outward;
    • zurückgesetzte Waren old stock, damaged goods, as-is merchandise;
    • zurückgewiesene Waren rejected goods;
    • zweitrangige Ware inferior goods;
    • Waren zur Ansicht merchandise sent on approval (for inspection, show);
    • Waren mittlerer Art und Güte merchandise quality, medium-quality goods, seconds;
    • Waren des täglichen Bedarfs convenience goods (US);
    • Waren von kriegswichtiger Bedeutung strategic goods;
    • Waren mit hoher Gewinnspanne higher-margin merchandise;
    • Waren ausländischer Herkunft goods of foreign origin;
    • Waren auf Kredit merchandise on account;
    • Waren auf Lager warehouse goods;
    • Waren aus den Ländern des British Commonwealth Empire products;
    • Waren der Lebensmittelindustrie prepared foodstuffs;
    • Waren mit gleich bleibenden Preisen price-maintained articles;
    • Waren in hoher Preislage high-cost merchandise;
    • Waren mittlerer Preislage medium-priced goods;
    • Waren niedriger Preislage low-priced goods;
    • Waren bester Qualität high-class goods;
    • Waren minderwertiger Qualität thirds;
    • Waren mittlerer Qualität und Güte merchantable quality, medium-quality goods;
    • Waren von schlechter Qualität poor-quality goods;
    • Waren zweiter Qualität seconds;
    • Waren mit geringer Umsatzgeschwindigkeit (Umschlaghäufigkeit) slow-moving goods (stock), sleeper (US);
    • Waren mit hoher Umschlaggeschwindigkeit fast-moving (-selling) goods;
    • Waren mit höherer Verdienstspanne higher-margin lines;
    • Waren mit hohen Verkaufspreisen high-priced commodity;
    • Waren aus der Vorkriegszeit prewar goods;
    • Waren unter Zollverschluss bonded goods;
    • Waren im Durchgangsverkehr abfertigen to convey goods in transit;
    • Waren auf einer Liste abhaken to keep tally of goods;
    • Waren abnehmen to take delivery of (accept, collect the) goods;
    • Waren in großen Posten abnehmen to take up goods to a large amount;
    • Waren abrufen to recall goods;
    • Waren abschätzen to make a valuation of goods, to value goods;
    • Waren absetzen to dispose (get off, place) goods, to push one’s wares;
    • Waren flott (leicht) absetzen to sell goods easily;
    • Waren abstoßen to sell off goods;
    • Waren im Durchgangsverkehr abwickeln to convey goods in transit;
    • Waren mit einem 10%igen Abschlag vom Normalpreis (unter Preis) anbieten to offer goods at 10 per cent off the regular price;
    • Waren auf dem Markt anbieten to put an article on the market;
    • seine Waren anpreisen to puff one’s wares (Br.);
    • Waren aufdrängen to push goods;
    • jem. minderwertige Waren aufdrängen to impose inferior goods upon s. o.;
    • Waren aufkaufen to corner the market;
    • Waren glatt aufnehmen (Börse) to absorb all offerings;
    • jem. Waren aufschwindeln to palm off goods on s. o.;
    • Waren in Partien aufteilen to parcel out goods;
    • Waren zum Verkauf ausbreiten to spread (sort) out goods for sale;
    • Waren ausklarieren to clear goods out of bond;
    • Waren auslegen to flourish goods;
    • Ware im Schaufenster auslegen to display goods in the shopwindow;
    • Waren ausliefern to have goods delivered;
    • Waren im Fenster ausstellen to display goods in the window;
    • Waren auszeichnen to price (tally) goods, to ticket goods with prices;
    • Waren billiger auszeichnen to mark down goods;
    • Waren frei Achse befördern to cart goods;
    • gute Waren für sein Geld bekommen to get good value for one’s money;
    • verlorene Waren wertmäßig ersetzt bekommen to recover the value for lost merchandise;
    • Waren für den Käufer bereitstellen to place goods at the buyer’s disposal;
    • Waren bestellen to order goods;
    • Waren über einen Vertreter bestellen to order goods through a representative;
    • Waren bewerten to value goods;
    • Waren beziehen to receive (obtain, procure, purchase) goods;
    • seine Waren außerhalb beziehen to get commodities (supply o. s. with articles) from abroad;
    • mit (auf) seinen Waren sitzen bleiben to be left with goods, to hold the bag (US);
    • Waren an Bord bringen to deliver the goods on board;
    • jem. Waren ins Haus bringen to deliver goods to s. one’s address;
    • seine schlechten Waren unter die Leute bringen to foist one’s wares upon the public;
    • Waren auf den Markt bringen to launch a new product, to introduce goods into (put goods on) the market;
    • Waren im Ausland billig auf den Markt bringen to dump goods on foreign markets;
    • seine Waren [beim Zoll] deklarieren to make a declaration, to make an entry of (enter) goods;
    • Waren deponieren to warehouse goods;
    • sich mit Waren eindecken to supply o. s. with goods;
    • über den Bedarf mit Waren eindecken to overstock a shop;
    • Waren einführen to bring in goods;
    • Waren in ein Land einführen to introduce goods into a country;
    • Waren zum freien Verkehr einführen to enter goods for consumption;
    • Waren einlagern to lay in goods;
    • zu viel Waren einlagern to overstock a shop;
    • Waren nach Güteklassen einstufen to grade goods;
    • seine Waren empfehlen to recommend one’s wares;
    • Einfuhrzoll auf Waren erheben to levy a duty on goods;
    • Waren auf einer Auktion erwerben to buy goods at the sales;
    • Waren etikettieren to docket (label) goods;
    • Waren feilbieten to expose goods for sale;
    • billige Waren feilbieten to show a cheap line of goods;
    • gegen Zahlung Waren freigeben to release goods against payment;
    • Waren führen to have goods in stock, to have (keep) an article in stock, to deal in (stock) an article;
    • alle Arten von Waren führen to stock varied goods;
    • ausländische Waren führen to handle foreign goods;
    • Verhandlungen über einzeln ausgewählte Waren führen to carry on negotiations on a selective product-by-product basis;
    • Ware nicht mehr führen to be out (short) of an article;
    • Waren in Kommission geben to deliver goods on sale or return;
    • mit einer Ware in Rückstand geraten to run out of stock;
    • Waren auf Lager Waren haben (halten) to carry goods in stock, to stock an article;
    • Waren im Augenblick nicht auf Lager (vorrätig) haben not to stock an article, to be short of an article;
    • mit einer Ware handeln to deal in an article;
    • Preis einer Ware auf... herabsetzen to bring down the price of an article to...;
    • Waren für den Verkauf herausstellen to get up articles for sale;
    • Waren verschiedenster Beschaffenheit herstellen to manufacture goods in various qualities;
    • Waren massenhaft herstellen to turn out large quantities of goods;
    • Waren horten to hoard goods;
    • Waren auf einer Auktion kaufen to buy goods at the sales;
    • unbegrenzt verbrauchssteuerpflichtige Waren für den persönlichen Bedarf kaufen to buy an unlimited quantity of excise-paid products for personal use;
    • Waren auf Termin kaufen to buy on terms;
    • Waren kennzeichnen to identify goods by marks;
    • Waren konditionieren to condition goods;
    • Waren lagern to store (lay in) goods;
    • Waren unter Zollverschluss lagern to have goods bonded;
    • Waren verabfolgen lassen to have goods delivered;
    • Waren liefern to supply with (deliver) goods;
    • Waren auf Kredit liefern to supply goods on credit, to grant credit terms;
    • Waren an einen Kunden liefern to serve a customer with goods;
    • Waren lombardieren to lend money on goods, to hypothecate goods;
    • Waren wieder in Besitz nehmen to repossess goods;
    • Waren an Bord nehmen to take goods on board;
    • Waren in Kommission nehmen to take goods on a consignment basis;
    • Waren auf Kredit nehmen to take goods on credit;
    • Waren auf Lager nehmen to put goods in stock, to lay in goods;
    • Waren am Kai niederlegen to place goods on the dock;
    • Waren billiger notieren to mark down the prices of goods;
    • Waren pfänden to distrain upon (seize) goods;
    • Waren prüfen to examine the goods;
    • Waren retournieren to return articles;
    • Waren per Express schicken to send goods by fast train;
    • Waren per Nachnahme schicken to send goods cash (collect, US) on delivery;
    • sich Waren sichern to assure o. s. with goods;
    • Waren sortieren to grade goods;
    • Waren in Rechnung stellen to bill goods;
    • Waren zu niedrig in Rechnung stellen to underbill goods (US);
    • Waren auf einem Stand zur Schau stellen to set out goods on a stall;
    • Waren taxieren to value (make a valuation of) goods;
    • Waren übereignen to assign goods;
    • jem. Waren vertragsmäßig übergeben to bail goods to s. o.;
    • Laden mit Waren übersättigen to overstock a shop;
    • Waren auf Spekulation übersenden to venture goods;
    • Waren unterbewerten to set too low a valuation on goods;
    • Waren einer genauen Untersuchung unterziehen (unterwerfen) to submit goods to a careful examination;
    • Waren auf dem Markt eines anderen Landes verbringen to introduce goods into the commerce of another country;
    • Waren verkaufen to clear goods;
    • als zweitklassige Waren verkaufen to sell goods under a secondary label;
    • Waren in Ballen verkaufen to sell in bales;
    • Waren nach dem Dutzend verkaufen to sell articles by the dozen (sets of a dozen);
    • Waren unberechtigt als Markenartikel verkaufen to pass off goods as those of another make (US);
    • Waren verpacken to wrap up goods;
    • seine Waren in Ballen verpacken to pack up one’s wares, to make up one’s goods in bales;
    • Waren für den Verkauf verpacken to box articles for sale;
    • seinen Waren einen ausgezeichneten Ruf verschaffen to build up a good reputation for one’s goods;
    • Waren versenden to forward goods;
    • Waren mit der Eisenbahn versenden to send goods by rail;
    • Waren zu einem bestimmten Frachtsatz versenden to rate goods (US);
    • Waren ins Landesinnere versenden to intern goods;
    • Waren auf dem Seeweg versenden to ship goods by sea;
    • seine Waren unter falschem Warenzeichen vertreiben to pass off one’s goods as those of another make (US);
    • Annahme von Waren verweigern to refuse goods;
    • Waren verwerten to realize goods;
    • Waren verzollen to clear goods at the customhouse;
    • Waren an eine neue Adresse weiterbefördern to reconsign goods;
    • Waren über Bord werfen to jettison goods;
    • Waren auf den Markt werfen to throw goods on the market, (im Ausland) to dump goods on a foreign market;
    • in Waren zahlen to pay in kind;
    • Waren im Schaufenster zeigen to expose goods in a shop window;
    • beschädigte Waren wieder zurechtmachen to render goods marketable;
    • Waren zurücknehmen to take goods back;
    • Waren unmittelbar zuschicken to dispatch goods direct.
    nachbekommen, Ware
    to get goods in replacement;
    • nachbelasten to make an additional charge.

    Business german-english dictionary > Ware

  • 14 niedrig

    niedrig I adj 1. RECHT low; 2. WIWI reduced; low (Kurse) niedrig II adv FIN, GEN, STEUER low • niedrig verzinslich BÖRSE low-yielding • niedriger bewerten RW write down • niedriger einstufen GEN, PERS demote, downgrade sb, downgrade sth • zu niedrig ausweisen RW underreport • zu niedrig besteuern STEUER undertax • zu niedrig bewerten GEN undervalue
    * * *
    adj 1. < Recht> low; 2. <Vw> reduced, Kurse low
    adv <Finanz, Geschäft, Steuer> low ■ niedrig verzinslich < Börse> low-yielding ■ zu niedrig ausweisen < Rechnung> underreport ■ zu niedrig besteuern < Steuer> undertax ■ zu niedrig bewerten < Geschäft> undervalue
    * * *
    niedrig
    (Preis) cheap, moderate, down, (Qualität) inferior, (untergeordnet) subordinate, inferior, humble;
    • niedriger (Kurse) easier;
    • niedrig notierend (Kurse) low-priced;
    • niedrig im Preis low-priced;
    • niedrig stehend base, primitive, low-class;
    • niedrig taxiert low-rated;
    • niedrig halten to keep down;
    • Kosten niedrig halten to keep a lid on costs, to control [the] expenditure;
    • beträchtlich niedriger sein (Kurse) to be appreciably lower;
    • um 3/4% niedriger stehen to be 3/4 per cent worse;
    • niedriger werden (Einkommen) to shrink, (Preise) to decline, to sink;
    • niedrige Arbeit menial work;
    • niedrigerer Betrag minor amount;
    • bei niedrigen Börsenkursen einsteigen to buy at bargain-basement levels;
    • niedriger Dienstgrad subordinate rank;
    • niedriges Einkommen low income;
    • niedrigeres Gebot lower bid;
    • niedrige Geburtenziffer low birth rate;
    • niedriges Gericht inferior court;
    • niedriger Kurs low rate;
    • niedriger Lebensstandard low standard of living;
    • niedrige Löhne low wages;
    • sich weiterhin auf einem sehr niedrigen Niveau halten to stay firmly in the bargain basement;
    • niedrige Prämie short premium;
    • äußerst niedrige Preise keen prices;
    • niedrige Preise berechnen to ask moderate prices;
    • niedrige Qualität inferior quality;
    • zu einem niedrigen Satz at a low rate;
    • niedrige Schätzung low estimate;
    • niedrige Selbstkosten low cost;
    • niedrige Stellung inferior (subordinate) position, juniority;
    • niedrige Steuersätze low tax rates;
    • niedrige Versandkosten low-cost transportation;
    • zu niedrigen Zinsen at a low rate of interest.

    Business german-english dictionary > niedrig

  • 15 cero

    adj.
    zero.
    f. & m.
    zero.
    m.
    1 naught, zero (signo).
    2 nothing.
    sobre/bajo cero (en tenis) above/below zero
    cero absoluto absolute zero
    * * *
    2 (cifra) nought, zero
    3 DEPORTE nil
    \
    partir de cero figurado to start from scratch
    ser un cero a la izquierda figurado to be useless, be a good-for-nothing
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (Fís, Mat) zero
    2) (Ftbl, Rugby) nil, zero (EEUU)

    ganaron por tres goles a cero — they won by three goals to nil, they won three nil

    empataron a cero — they drew nil-nil, it was a no-score draw

    estamos 40 a cero — (Tenis) it's 40-love

    3) (Educ) nought
    4) * (=coche-patrulla) police car
    * * *
    a) (Fís, Mat) zero; ( en números de teléfono) zero (AmE), oh (BrE)

    tres grados bajo cero — three degrees below zero, minus three degrees

    empezar/partir de cero — to start from scratch

    ser un cero a la izquierda — to be useless; ( ser un don nadie) (Esp) to be a nobody

    b) (en fútbol, rugby) zero (AmE), nil (BrE); ( en tenis) love
    c) (Educ) zero, nought (BrE)

    me puso un cero en física — he gave me zero o nought out of ten in physics

    * * *
    = nought, zero [zeroes/zeros, -pl.], nil, zero + Nombre, zilch.
    Ex. Freeze drying is denoted by the special auxiliary.046 and introduced in a class mark by the facet indicator.0 (point nought).
    Ex. If the first digit of the number is zero, the material type is not encoded in the bard-coded label.
    Ex. While our vision of our readers is hazy and our interests in them nil, then criticism must be either trivial or irrelevant.
    Ex. In recent years special libraries have been faced with a number of important factors, including reduced purchase budgets, zero increases in staffing, and the opportunities offered by automation.
    Ex. Before you lend cash to Tom, Dick and Harry, be sure you know what you're doing or else your friendship will be worth zilch.
    ----
    * bajo cero = below zero, sub-zero, below-freezing.
    * catalogar partiendo de cero = catalogue + from scratch.
    * cero a la izquierda = cipher, non-entity, zilch.
    * cero tolerancia = zero tolerance.
    * cilindro de cera = wax cylinder.
    * comenzar de cero = begin + from scratch, start from + scratch, start at + ground zero.
    * comenzar desde cero = start at + ground zero.
    * comenzar partiendo de cero = build + from scratch.
    * compilar partiendo de cero = compile + from scratch.
    * construir partiendo de cero = construct + from scratch.
    * crecimiento cero = zero growth.
    * de coste cero = zero-cost.
    * desde cero = from the ground up.
    * disco de cera = wax disc.
    * empezar de cero = start at + ground zero.
    * empezar desde cero = start at + ground zero.
    * introducir datos partiendo de cero = enter from + scratch.
    * lápiz de cera = crayon.
    * meridiano cero = prime meridian.
    * papel de cera = greaseproof paper.
    * partiendo de cero = from scratch, from an empty slate, from the ground up.
    * partir de cero = begin + from scratch.
    * ponerse a cero = roll over to + zero.
    * por debajo de cero = sub-zero, below-freezing.
    * presupuesto de base cero = zero-base(d) budgeting (ZZB), zero-base(d) budget.
    * reducir a cero = reduce to + nil.
    * rellenar con ceros los espacios vacíos = zero fill.
    * replantearse todo desde cero = get back to + basics.
    * temperatura bajo cero = sub-zero temperature.
    * uno a cero = one down.
    * volver a empezar de cero = be back to square one, go back to + square one.
    * zona cero = ground zero.
    * * *
    a) (Fís, Mat) zero; ( en números de teléfono) zero (AmE), oh (BrE)

    tres grados bajo cero — three degrees below zero, minus three degrees

    empezar/partir de cero — to start from scratch

    ser un cero a la izquierda — to be useless; ( ser un don nadie) (Esp) to be a nobody

    b) (en fútbol, rugby) zero (AmE), nil (BrE); ( en tenis) love
    c) (Educ) zero, nought (BrE)

    me puso un cero en física — he gave me zero o nought out of ten in physics

    * * *
    = nought, zero [zeroes/zeros, -pl.], nil, zero + Nombre, zilch.

    Ex: Freeze drying is denoted by the special auxiliary.046 and introduced in a class mark by the facet indicator.0 (point nought).

    Ex: If the first digit of the number is zero, the material type is not encoded in the bard-coded label.
    Ex: While our vision of our readers is hazy and our interests in them nil, then criticism must be either trivial or irrelevant.
    Ex: In recent years special libraries have been faced with a number of important factors, including reduced purchase budgets, zero increases in staffing, and the opportunities offered by automation.
    Ex: Before you lend cash to Tom, Dick and Harry, be sure you know what you're doing or else your friendship will be worth zilch.
    * bajo cero = below zero, sub-zero, below-freezing.
    * catalogar partiendo de cero = catalogue + from scratch.
    * cero a la izquierda = cipher, non-entity, zilch.
    * cero tolerancia = zero tolerance.
    * cilindro de cera = wax cylinder.
    * comenzar de cero = begin + from scratch, start from + scratch, start at + ground zero.
    * comenzar desde cero = start at + ground zero.
    * comenzar partiendo de cero = build + from scratch.
    * compilar partiendo de cero = compile + from scratch.
    * construir partiendo de cero = construct + from scratch.
    * crecimiento cero = zero growth.
    * de coste cero = zero-cost.
    * desde cero = from the ground up.
    * disco de cera = wax disc.
    * empezar de cero = start at + ground zero.
    * empezar desde cero = start at + ground zero.
    * introducir datos partiendo de cero = enter from + scratch.
    * lápiz de cera = crayon.
    * meridiano cero = prime meridian.
    * papel de cera = greaseproof paper.
    * partiendo de cero = from scratch, from an empty slate, from the ground up.
    * partir de cero = begin + from scratch.
    * ponerse a cero = roll over to + zero.
    * por debajo de cero = sub-zero, below-freezing.
    * presupuesto de base cero = zero-base(d) budgeting (ZZB), zero-base(d) budget.
    * reducir a cero = reduce to + nil.
    * rellenar con ceros los espacios vacíos = zero fill.
    * replantearse todo desde cero = get back to + basics.
    * temperatura bajo cero = sub-zero temperature.
    * uno a cero = one down.
    * volver a empezar de cero = be back to square one, go back to + square one.
    * zona cero = ground zero.

    * * *
    1 ( Fís, Mat) zero; (en números de teléfono) zero ( AmE), oh ( BrE)
    tres grados bajo cero three degrees below zero, minus three degrees
    se inició a las cero horas de hoy it began at midnight last night
    tengo la cuenta a cero I don't have a penny in my account
    cero coma cinco zero point five, nought point five ( BrE)
    empezar/partir de cero to start from scratch
    volvió a empezar de cero he started again from scratch
    cero al as ( RPl fam): de electricidad, cero al as when it comes to electricity I don't have a clue ( colloq)
    es un cero a la izquierda he's useless, he's a walking o real zero ( AmE colloq)
    2 (en fútbol, rugby) zero ( AmE), nil ( BrE); (en tenis) love
    ganan por tres a cero they're winning three-nothing, they're winning three-zero o three-zip ( AmE), they're winning three-nil ( BrE)
    ganaba 40 a cero she was winning 40-love
    3 ( Educ) zero, nought ( BrE)
    me puso un cero en física he gave me zero o nought out of ten in physics
    Compuestos:
    absolute zero
    (CS) new car
    * * *

     

    cero sustantivo masculino
    a) (Fís, Mat) zero;

    ( en números de teléfono) zero (AmE), oh (BrE);

    empezar or partir de cero to start from scratch;
    ser un cero a la izquierda to be useless
    b) (en fútbol, rugby) zero (AmE), nil (BrE);

    ( en tenis) love;
    ◊ ganan por tres a cero they're winning three-zero (AmE) o (BrE) three-nil

    c) (Educ) zero, nought (BrE)

    cero sustantivo masculino
    1 zero
    2 Dep nil: ganaron dos a cero, they won two nil
    Tenis love
    ♦ Locuciones: figurado partir de cero, to start from scratch
    figurado ser un cero a la izquierda, to be good-for-nothing
    a cero, (sin nada) tengo la cuenta corriente a cero, my current account is empty
    córteme el pelo al cero, shave my head
    ' cero' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    baja
    - bajo
    - empate
    - guión
    - izquierda
    - izquierdo
    - grado
    - meridiano
    - pelar
    - zona
    English:
    below
    - crew cut
    - freezing
    - love
    - minus
    - nil
    - nothing
    - nought
    - O
    - reset
    - scratch
    - sub-zero
    - temperature
    - win
    - zero
    - degree
    - ground
    - naught
    - over
    - square
    * * *
    ♦ adj inv
    zero
    ♦ núm
    zero;
    ver también tres
    ♦ nm
    1. [número] nought, zero;
    la reserva está a cero the fuel gauge is at empty;
    cortarse el pelo al cero to shave one's head, to cut all one's hair off;
    partir o [m5] empezar de cero to start from scratch;
    sacó un cero en física he got zero in physics;
    acelera de cero a cien en seis segundos it goes from nought o zero to a hundred in six seconds;
    la inflación experimentó un crecimiento cero there was no increase in the rate of inflation;
    ser un cero a la izquierda [inútil] to be useless;
    [don nadie] to be a nobody
    2. [cantidad] nothing;
    [en fútbol, hockey, rugby] Br nil, US zero; [en tenis] love;
    el marcador es tres (a) cero the score is three-nothing o Br three-nil o US three-zero;
    el marcador es empate a cero the score is nothing-nothing o Br nil-nil o US zero-zero;
    llevan tres empates a cero consecutivos they have had three goalless o scoreless draws in a row
    3. [temperatura] zero;
    sobre/bajo cero above/below zero;
    cero absoluto absolute zero
    4. RP Fam cero kilómetro [auto] brand-new car;
    un video cero kilómetro a brand-new video;
    muy Fam
    * * *
    m
    1 zero;
    bajo/sobre cero below/above zero;
    empezar desde cero fig start from scratch;
    quedarse a cero fig be left with nothing;
    ser un cero a la izquierda fam be a nonentity;
    pelado al cero with one’s head shaven
    2 EDU zero, Br tb
    nought
    3 DEP zero, Br
    nil; en tenis love;
    vencer por tres a cero win three-zero
    * * *
    cero nm
    : zero
    * * *
    cero n
    1. (en general) nought / zero
    estamos a cinco grados bajo cero it's five below zero / it's minus five
    Se escribe como un cero (0), pero se lee com la letra O
    mi teléfono es treinta y nueve, catorce, cero cinco my phone number is three, nine, one, four, O, five

    Spanish-English dictionary > cero

  • 16 Drucksache

    Drucksache f 1. GEN printed matter; 2. KOMM (AE) third-class mail; 3. MEDIA printed matter
    * * *
    f 1. < Geschäft> printed matter; 2. < Komm> third-class mail (AE) ; 3. < Medien> printed matter
    * * *
    Drucksache
    printed matter (papers, Br.), insert, leaflet;
    • als Drucksache by bookpost (Br.);
    • Drucksachen printed papers (Br.) (matter), literature (coll.), halfpenny post (Br.), third-class matter (US), (Zeitungen) second-class mail (US);
    • großformatige Drucksache broadsheet;
    • kostenlos verteilte Drucksache (Werbung) throwaway;
    • Drucksache zu ermäßigter Gebühr printed papers at reduced rate;
    • als Drucksache verschicken to send by bookpost (Br.).

    Business german-english dictionary > Drucksache

  • 17 тариф

    ч
    tariff, rate, table of rates; ( вартість проїзду) fare

    пільговий тариф — reduced tariff, allowance

    Українсько-англійський словник > тариф

  • 18 посадка

    посадка сущ
    1. alighting
    2. boarding 3. landing 4. landing operation 5. setdown 6. touchdown аварийная посадка
    1. distress landing
    2. crash landing 3. emergency landing автоматическая посадка
    1. automatic landing
    2. autoland автоматический заход на посадку
    1. autoapproach
    2. automatic approach автоматическое выравнивание воздушного судна перед посадкой
    autoflare
    азимутальная антенна захода на посадку
    approach azimuth antenna
    азимут захода на посадку
    approach azimuth
    аэродром вынужденной посадки
    emergency aerodrome
    аэродром для самолетов короткого взлета и посадки
    1. stolport
    2. STOLport аэродромные средства захода на посадку
    aerodrome approach aids
    аэродром посадки
    landing aerodrome
    аэродром предполагаемой посадки
    aerodrome of intended landing
    безопасная посадка
    safe landing
    безопасно совершать посадку
    land safety
    быть вынужденным совершить посадку
    be forced landing
    вертикальная посадка
    vertical landing
    визуальная посадка
    visual landing
    визуальная посадка по наземным ориентирам
    visually judged landing
    визуальные средства захода на посадку
    visual aids to approach
    визуальный заход на посадку
    1. contact approach
    2. visual approach визуальный заход на посадку по упрощенной схеме
    abbreviated visual approach
    внезапное изменение ветра при посадке
    landing sudden windshift
    внеочередная посадка
    priority landing
    воздушное судно вертикального взлета и посадки
    vertical takeoff and landing aircraft
    воздушное судно короткого взлета и посадки
    short takeoff and landing aircraft
    воздушное судно обычной схемы взлета и посадки
    conventional takeoff and landing aircraft
    воздушное судно, совершающее заход на посадку
    approaching aircraft
    воздушное судно укороченного взлета и посадки
    reduced takeoff and landing aircraft
    ВПП, не оборудованная для посадки по приборам
    noninstrument runway
    ВПП, не оборудованная для точного захода на посадку
    nonprecision approach runway
    ВПП, оборудованная для посадки по приборам
    instrument runway
    ВПП, оборудованная для точного захода на посадку
    precision approach runway
    ВПП, открытая только для посадок
    landing runway
    временной интервал между посадками
    landing-time interval
    время захода на посадку
    approach time
    время посадки пассажиров
    boarding time
    выбранная высота захода на посадку
    selected approach altitude
    выбранный наклон глиссады захода на посадку
    selected approach slope
    выдерживание перед касанием колес при посадке
    holding-off
    выдерживать перед касанием колес при посадке
    hold off
    вынужденная посадка
    forced landing
    вынужденная посадка воздушного судна на воду
    aircraft ditching
    выполнение промежуточного этапа захода на посадку
    intermediate approach operation
    выполнять заход на посадку
    1. execute approach
    2. complete approach выполнять посадку
    carry out a landing
    выполнять посадку против ветра
    land into the wind
    высота начального этапа захода на посадку
    initial approach altitude
    высота полета вертолета при заходе на посадку
    helicopter approach height
    высота при заходе на посадку
    approach height
    высота траектории начала захода на посадку
    approach ceiling
    выход на посадку
    1. loading gate
    2. gate вычислитель параметров захода на посадку
    approach computer
    глиссада захода на посадку
    approach glide slope
    глиссадная система посадки
    glide-path landing system
    грубая посадка
    1. hard landing
    2. bumpy landing 3. rough landing дежурный по посадке
    boarding clerk
    действия после посадки
    from landing operations
    деталь, установленная на прессовой посадке
    force-fit part
    диспетчер захода на посадку
    approach controller
    диспетчер посадки
    final controller
    диспетчерская служба захода на посадку
    approach control service
    диспетчерский пункт захода на посадку
    approach control point
    диспетчерский пункт управления заходом на посадку
    approach control unit
    дистанция при заходе на посадку
    approach flight track distance
    дозаправлять топливом на промежуточной посадке по маршруту
    refuel en-route
    достигать плавной посадки
    achieve a smooth landing
    дублированная система автоматического управления посадкой
    dual autoland system
    запасная посадка
    dispersal airfield
    запасной аэродром посадки
    alternate destination
    запрещение посадки
    prohibition of landing
    запрещение посадки на воду
    waveoff
    запрос на посадку
    landing request
    заход на посадку
    1. approach
    2. land approach 3. approach operation 4. approach landing заход на посадку без использования навигационных средств
    no-aids used approach
    заход на посадку без использования средств точного захода
    nonprecision approach
    заход на посадку в режиме планирования
    gliding approach
    заход на посадку в условиях ограниченной видимости
    low-visibility approach
    заход на посадку на посадку под контролем наземных средств
    ground controlled approach
    заход на посадку на установившемся режиме
    steady approach
    заход на посадку не с прямой
    nonstraight-in approach
    заход на посадку, нормированный по времени
    timed approach
    заход на посадку под углом
    offset approach
    заход на посадку под шторками
    blind approach
    заход на посадку по командам наземных станций
    advisory approach
    заход на посадку по коробочке
    rectangular traffic pattern approach
    заход на посадку по криволинейной траектории
    curved approach
    заход на посадку по кругу
    circling approach
    заход на посадку по крутой траектории
    steep approach
    заход на посадку по курсовому маяку
    localizer approach
    заход на посадку по маяку
    beam approach
    заход на посадку по обзорному радиолокатору
    surveillance radar approach
    заход на посадку по обычной схеме
    normal approach
    заход на посадку по осевой линии
    center line approach
    заход на посадку по полной схеме
    long approach
    заход на посадку по пологой траектории
    flat approach
    заход на посадку по приборам
    1. instrument approach landing
    2. instrument landing approach заход на посадку по прямому курсу
    front course approach
    заход на посадку по радиолокатору
    radar approach
    заход на посадку по сегментно-криволинейной схеме
    segmented approach
    заход на посадку после полета по кругу
    circle-to-land
    заход на посадку по укороченной схеме
    short approach
    заход на посадку по упрощенной схеме
    simple approach
    заход на посадку при боковом ветре
    crosswind approach
    заход на посадку при симметричной тяге
    symmetric thrust approach
    заход на посадку против ветра
    upwind approach
    заход на посадку с выпущенными закрылками
    approach with flaps down
    заход на посадку с использованием бортовых и наземных средств
    coupled approach
    заход на посадку с левым разворотом
    left-hand approach
    заход на посадку с непрерывным снижением
    continuous descent approach
    заход на посадку с обратным курсом
    1. one-eighty approach
    2. back course approach заход на посадку с отворотом на расчетный угол
    teardrop approach
    заход на посадку с правым разворотом
    right-hand approach
    заход на посадку с прямой
    straight-in approach
    заход на посадку с прямой по приборам
    straight-in ILS-type approach
    заход на посадку с уменьшением скорости
    decelerating approach
    зона захода на посадку
    approach area
    зона захода на посадку по кругу
    circling approach area
    измерение шума при заходе на посадку
    approach noise measurement
    индикатор глиссады захода на посадку
    approach slope indicator
    информация о заходе на посадку
    approach information
    информация по условиям посадки
    landing instruction
    испытательная посадка
    test landing
    исходная высота полета при заходе на посадку
    reference approach height
    исходный угол захода на посадку
    reference approach angle
    карта допусков и посадок
    fits and clearances card
    карта местности зоны точного захода на посадку
    precision approach terrain chart
    класс посадки
    class of lift
    конец этапа захода на посадку
    approach end
    конечная прямая захода на посадку
    approach final
    конечный удлиненный заход на посадку с прямой
    long final straight-in-approach operation
    конечный этап захода на посадку
    final approach
    контрольная точка замера шумов на участке захода на посадку
    approach noise reference point
    контрольная точка захода на посадку
    approach fix
    контрольная точка конечного этапа захода на посадку
    final approach fix
    контрольная точка начального этапа захода на посадку
    initial approach fix
    контрольная точка промежуточного этапа захода на посадку
    intermediate approach fix
    контрольная точка траектории захода на посадку
    approach flight reference point
    конфигурация при посадке
    landing configuration
    коррекция угла захода на посадку
    approach angle correction
    курс захода на посадку
    1. approach heading
    2. approach course курс захода на посадку по приборам
    instrument approach course
    луч захода на посадку
    approach beam
    люк для покидания при посадке на воду
    ditching hatch
    маршрут захода на посадку
    procedure approach track
    маршрут перехода в эшелона на участок захода на посадку
    feeder route
    меры на случай аварийной посадки
    emergency landing provisions
    место посадки
    1. alighting area
    2. land area метеоусловия на аэродроме посадки
    terminal weather
    методика испытаний при заходе на посадку
    approach test procedure
    минимум для посадки
    landing minima
    набор высоты после прерванного захода на посадку
    discontinued approach climb
    наведение по азимуту при заходе на посадку
    approach azimuth guidance
    наведение по глиссаде при заходе на посадку
    approach slope guidance
    направление захода на посадку
    direction of approach
    направление посадки
    direction for landing
    начальный участок захода на посадку
    initial approach segment
    начальный этап захода на посадку
    initial approach
    начинать посадку
    commence the landing procedure
    номинальная траектория захода на посадку
    nominal approach path
    обеспечивать заход на посадку
    serve approach
    оборудование для обеспечения захода на посадку
    approach facilities
    оборудование зоны посадки
    landing area facilities
    огни направления посадки
    landing direction lights
    огни указателя направления посадки
    landing direction indicator lights
    ожидаемая посадка
    intended landing
    очередность захода на посадку
    approach sequence
    очередность посадки
    landing sequence
    переход к этапу выполнения посадки
    land proceeding
    плавная посадка
    smooth landing
    планирование при заходе на посадку
    approach glide
    подтверждение разрешения на посадку
    landing clearance confirmation
    покидание после аварийной посадки
    evacuation in crash landing
    покидание при посадке на воду
    evacuation in ditching
    полет на конечном этапе захода на посадку
    final approach operation
    полет с обычным взлетом и посадкой
    conventional flight
    полет с посадкой
    entire journey
    положение закрылков при заходе на посадку
    flap approach position
    положение при выравнивании перед посадкой
    flare attitude
    поправка на массу при заходе на посадку
    approach mass correction
    посадка вне аэродрома
    landing off the aerodrome
    посадка вне летного поля
    off-field landing
    посадка вне намеченной точки
    landing beside fix
    посадка воздушного судна
    aircraft landing
    посадка в режиме авторотации в выключенным двигателем
    power-off autorotative landing
    посадка в светлое время суток
    day landing
    посадка в сложных метеоусловиях
    bad weather landing
    посадка в темное время суток
    night landing
    посадка для выполнения обслуживания
    operating stop
    (воздушного судна) посадка на авторотации
    autorotation landing
    посадка на воду
    water landing
    посадка на две точки
    1. two-point landing
    2. level landing посадка на критическом угле атаки
    stall landing
    посадка на маршруте полета
    intermediate landing
    посадка на палубу
    deck landing
    посадка на режиме малого газа
    idle-power
    посадка на точность приземления
    spot landing
    посадка на три точки
    three-point landing
    посадка на хвост
    tail-down landing
    посадка по вертолетному типу
    helicopter-type landing
    посадка по ветру
    downwind landing
    посадка по командам с земли
    1. talk-down landing
    2. ground-controlled landing посадка по приборам
    1. blind landing
    2. instrument landing посадка по-самолетному
    running landing
    посадка после захода солнца
    landing after last light
    посадка по техническим причинам
    technical stop
    посадка при боковом ветре
    cross-wind landing
    посадка при нулевой видимости
    zero-zero landing
    посадка при ограниченной видимости
    low visibility landing
    посадка при помощи автопилота
    autopilot autoland
    посадка против ветра
    upwind landing
    посадка разрешена
    cleared to land
    посадка с автоматическим выравниванием
    autoflare landing
    посадка с асимметричной тягой
    asymmetric thrust landing
    посадка с боковым сносом
    lateral drift landing
    посадка с визуальной ориентировкой
    contact landing
    посадка с выкатыванием
    overshooting landing
    посадка с выполнением полного круга захода
    full-circle landing
    посадка с выпущенным шасси
    1. wheels-down landing
    2. gear-down landing посадка с использованием реверса тяги
    reverse-thrust landing
    посадка с коротким пробегом
    short landing
    посадка с немедленным взлетом после касания
    touch-and-go landing
    посадка с неработающим воздушным винтом
    dead-stick landing
    посадка с отказавшим двигателем
    1. engine-out landing
    2. dead-engine landing посадка с парашютированием
    pancake landing
    посадка с повторным ударом после касания ВПП
    rebound landing
    посадка с полной остановкой
    full-stop landing
    посадка с помощью ручного управления
    manland
    посадка с превышением допустимой посадочной массы
    overweight landing
    посадка с прямой
    straight-in landing
    посадка с работающим двигателем
    power-on landing
    посадка с убранными закрылками
    flapless landing
    посадка с убранным шасси
    1. fear-up landing
    2. wheels-up landing 3. belly landing посадка с упреждением сноса
    trend-type landing
    посадка с частично выпущенными закрылками
    partial flap landing
    посадка с этапа планирования
    glide landing
    правила захода на посадку
    approach to land procedures
    право внеочередной посадки
    priority to land
    предполагаемое время захода на посадку
    expected approach time
    препятствие в зоне захода на посадку
    approach area hazard
    прерванный заход на посадку
    discontinued approach
    прерывать заход на посадку
    discontinue approach
    приготавливаться к посадке
    prepare for landing
    принимать решение идти на посадку
    commit landing
    принудительная посадка
    compulsory landing
    при посадке
    whilst landing
    прицельная точка посадки
    aiming point
    пробегать после посадки
    run on
    пробег при посадке
    1. alighting run
    2. landing run пробег при посадке на воду
    landing water run
    прогноз на момент посадки
    landing forecast
    продольная управляемость при посадке
    directional control capability
    производить посадку
    alight
    производить посадку в самолет
    emplane
    происшествие при посадке
    landing accident
    промежуточная посадка
    1. stopping place
    2. intermediate flight stop промежуточная посадка, предусмотренная расписанием
    scheduled stopping place
    промежуточная посадка, предусмотренная соглашением
    agreed stopping place
    промежуточный этап захода на посадку
    intermediate approach
    пропускная способность по числу посадок
    landing capacity
    профиль захода на посадку
    approach profile
    пункт управления заходом на посадку
    approach control tower
    радиолокатор точного захода на посадку
    precision approach radar
    радиолокатор управления заходом на посадку
    approach control radar
    радиолокационная система захода на посадку
    approach radar system
    радиолокационная система точного захода на посадку
    precision approach radar system
    радиомаячная система посадки
    radio-beacon landing system
    радиосредства захода на посадку
    radio approach aids
    разбитый на участки профиль захода на посадку
    measured approach profile
    разворот на посадку
    landing turn
    разрешать выполнение посадки
    clear landing
    разрешение на заход на посадку
    approach clearance
    разрешение на заход на посадку с прямой
    clearance for straight-in approach
    разрешение на посадку
    landing clearance
    раскрутка колес перед посадкой
    wheel prespinning
    расстояние до точки измерения при заходе на посадку
    approach measurement distance
    расходы, связанные с посадкой для стыковки рейсов
    layover expenses
    режим автоматической посадки
    autoland mode
    режим малого газа при заходе на посадку
    approach idle
    резкое вертикальное перемещение при посадке
    bounced landing
    решение выполнить посадку
    decision to land
    руление после посадки
    1. ground taxi from landing operation
    2. from landing taxiing сбор за посадку
    1. landing charge
    2. fee per landing сдвиг ветра при посадке
    landing windshear
    сегментная траектория захода на посадку
    segmented approach path
    система автоматического захода на посадку
    automatic approach system
    система автоматической посадки
    1. autoland system
    2. automatic landing system система захода на посадку
    approach system
    система огней точного захода на посадку
    precision approach lighting system
    система посадки
    landing system
    система посадки по лучу маяка
    beam approach beacon system
    система посадки по приборам
    instrument landing system
    система слепой посадки
    blind landing system
    система управления посадкой
    landing guidance system
    скорость захода на посадку
    1. approach speed
    2. landing approach speed скорость захода на посадку с убранной механизацией крыла
    no-flap - no-slat approach speed
    скорость захода на посадку с убранными закрылками
    no-flap approach speed
    скорость захода на посадку с убранными предкрылками
    no-slat approach speed
    скорость снижения при заходе на посадку
    approach rate of descent
    совершать посадку
    land
    совершать посадку вертикально
    land vertically
    совершать посадку в направлении ветра
    land downwind
    совершать посадку на борт воздушного судна
    join an aircraft
    совершать посадку на воду
    land on water
    совершать посадку против ветра
    land into wind
    способ захода на посадку
    approach technique
    способность выполнять посадку в сложных метеорологических условиях
    all-weather landing capability
    способ посадки
    landing technique
    средства захода на посадку
    aids to approach
    стандартная система захода на посадку
    standard approach system
    стандартная система управления заходом на посадку по лучу
    standard beam approach system
    стандартная схема посадки по приборам
    standard instrument arrival
    стандартный заход на посадку
    standard approach
    ступенчатый заход на посадку
    step-down approach
    схема визуального захода на посадку
    visual approach streamline
    схема захода на посадку
    1. approach chart
    2. approach pattern 3. approach procedure схема захода на посадку без применения радиолокационных средств
    nonprecision approach procedure
    схема захода на посадку по командам с земли
    ground-controlled approach procedure
    схема захода на посадку по коробочке
    rectangular approach traffic pattern
    схема захода на посадку по приборам
    1. instrument approach chart
    2. instrument approach procedure схема посадки
    1. landing procedure
    2. landing pattern 3. to-land procedure 4. landing chart схема точного захода на посадку
    precision approach procedure
    таблица допусков и посадок
    fits and clearances table
    территория зоны захода на посадку
    approach terrain
    точная посадка
    1. precision landing
    2. correct landing 3. accuracy landing точный заход на посадку
    precision approach
    траектория захода на посадку
    approach path
    траектория захода на посадку по азимуту
    azimuth approach path
    траектория захода на посадку по лучу курсового маяка
    localizer approach track
    траектория захода на посадку, сертифицированная по шуму
    noise certification approach path
    траектория захода на посадку с прямой
    straight-in approach path
    траектория конечного этапа захода на посадку
    final approach path
    траектория прерванной посадки
    balked landing path
    траектория точного захода на посадку
    precision approach path
    трап для посадки
    1. boarding bridge
    2. passenger bridge тренировочный заход на посадку
    practice low approach
    угломестная антенна захода на посадку
    approach elevation antenna
    угол захода на посадку
    angle of approach
    угол распространения шума при заходе на посадку
    approach noise angle
    удлиненный конечный этап захода на посадку
    long final
    указатель направления посадки
    landing direction indicator
    указатель траектории точного захода на посадку
    precision approach path indicator
    указатель угла захода на посадку
    approach angle indicator
    управление в зоне захода на посадку
    approach control
    управление посадкой
    landing control
    управляемость при посадке
    landing capability
    уровень шума при заходе на посадку
    approach noise level
    условия посадки
    landing conditions
    условия посадки на воду
    ditching conditions
    установка в положение для захода на посадку
    approach setting
    устойчивость при заходе на посадку
    steadiness of approach
    уход на второй круг с этапа захода на посадку
    missed approach operation
    участок захода на посадку
    1. approach leg
    2. approach segment участок захода на посадку до первого разворота
    upwind leg
    участок перехода к этапу посадки
    landing transition segment
    центр радиолокационного управления заходом на посадку
    radar approach control
    чартерный рейс с промежуточной посадкой
    one-stop charter
    шум при посадке
    landing noise
    этап захода на посадку
    approach phase

    Русско-английский авиационный словарь > посадка

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