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  • 61 настоящий

    прил.
    1. real; 2. proper; 3. actual; 4. genuine; 5. authentic; 6. true; 7. regular
    Русское прилагательное настоящий многозначно и многоситуативно, что отражается в его чрезвычайно разнообразной сочетаемости. Значения прилагательного настоящий — неподдельный, такой, как надо и т. п. соответствуют разным словам в английском языке, выбор которых зависит от семантики существительных, с которыми сочетается это прилагательное.
    1. real — настоящий, не искусственный, неподдельный, действительный, реальный: real diamond — настоящий бриллиант/неподдельный бриллиант; real life — настоящая жизнь; real facts — реальные события/действительные факты; real friends — настоящие друзья; real storm — настоящий шторм; real reason — настоящая причина/реальная причина/истинная причина; real power— настоящая власть/реальная власть; real danger— реальная опасность; real wages — реальная зарплата That's a nice watch — is it real gold? — Хорошие часы — они из настоящего золота?/Хорошие часы — они действительно золотые? Peter (that's not his real name) works for the intelligence service. — Петр (это его ненастоящее имя) работает в разведке. That wax figure did not look anything like the real Michael Jackson. — Эта восковая фигура совсем непохожа на настоящего Майкла Джексона. She was clearly in real pain. — Было видно, что ей по-настоящему больно. She looked at me with real hatred. — Она смотрела на меня с настоящей/неподдельной ненавистью. I had to explain to the children that Santa Claus was not a real person. — Мне пришлось объяснять детям, что Санта Клаус ненастоящий человек ( вымышленная фигура). I was happy to get warm by the real fire in the fireplace. — Я с удовольствием грелся у живого огня в камине./Я с удовольствием грелся у настоящего огня в камине./Я с удовольствием грелся у естественного (не электрического) огня в камине. Few tourists see the real Spain. — Мало кто из туристов видит настоящую Испанию. This walk is a real treat for anyone interested in birds. — Эта прогулка настоящее удовольствие для любителей птиц. It's a real thing. — Это то, что надо. The battle scenes are frighteningly real. — Сиены битв так естественны, что ужасают./Сцены битв выглядят как настояшие./Сиены битв до ужаса реалистичны.
    2. proper — настоящий, соответствующий норме: Не is only six, but he is already a proper little gentleman. — Ему только шесть лет, а он уже настоящий маленький джентльмен. When are you going to get a proper job? — Когда же ты поступишь на настоящую работу?/Когда же ты займешься настоящим делом? No snacks, I want a proper dinner. — He надо никаких перекусываний, я хочу съесть настоящий обед./Не надо никаких перекусываний, я хочу нормально пообедать. She needs proper medical attention. — Ей нужно настоящее лечение./ Ей нужно такое лечение, как полагается./Ей нужно хорошее лечение. Try to cat proper meals instead of chips and burgers. — Надо питаться понастоящему, а не чипсами и бутербродами./Надо питаться нормально, а не чипсами и бутербродами. Не made a proper fool of himself. — Он вел себя как настоящий дурак. We are in a proper old mess. — Мы сели в настоящую лужу./Мы попали U историю, что надо./Мы по-настоящему влипли.
    3. actual — настоящий, фактический, невымышленный, действительный: The actual amount of money was not known though we all knew it was huge. — Фактически было неизвестно, сколько там денег, хотя мы все шали, что их было очень много./Фактическая сумма была неизвестна, но мы знали, что она значительна. Though buses are thought to run every other five minutes the actual waiting lime is discouraging. — Хотя считается, что автобусы ходят каждые пять минут, на самом деле ожидание разочаровывает./Хотя считается, что автбусы ходят каждые пять минут, на самом деле приходится ждать намного дольше. She did not know her actual date of birth. — Она не знала настоящей даты своего рождения. The actual situation was quite different. — Реальная картина была совсем другой./В действительности все было по-другому. The book was based on actual events. — Книга основана на реальных событиях. He has no actual experience in management. — По-настоящему у него нет опыта организационной работы./У него нет настоящего опыта работы менеджером./У него нет реального опыта работы менеджером. There is a considerable difference between the opinion polls and the actual election results. — Существует значительная разница между результатом опроса общественного мнения и действительными результатами выборов.
    4. genuine — настоящий, истинный, неискусственный, натуральный, неподдельный, оригинальный, непритворный: These shoes are made of genuine leather. — Эти туфли из натуральной кожи. For years it has been thought to be a genuine Van Gogh, but in fact it's a fake. — Годами эта картина считалась оригиналом Ван Гога, хотя это подделка./Многие годы считалось, что эта картина принадлежит кисти Ван Гога, но это подделка. I have doubts if the signature is genuine. — Я сомневаюсь в подлинности этой подписи./Я сомневаюсь в неподдельности этой подписи. Do you think he is a genuine doctor? — Как вы думаете, он на самом деле врач? She has a genuine affection for her stepson. — Она по-настоящему любит приемного сына. Her smile was warm, genuine and friendly. — Она улыбнулась настоящей, теплой, дружеской улыбкой./Она улыбнулась непритворной, теплой, дружеской улыбкой. Не seems to have a genuine interest in helping the children. — Он, кажется, понастоящему заинтересован помочь детям./Он, кажется, на самом деле заинтересован помочь детям.
    5. authentic — настоящий, оригинальный, национальный: Pictures of Italian famous figures on the walls added an authentic atmosphere to this Italian restaurant. — Фотографии известных итальянцев на стенах способствовали созданию национального колорита в этом итальянском ресторанчике. Authentic Japanese food served in authentic surroundings attracts quite a number of visitors. — Настоящая японская кухня и интерьер в национальном стиле привлекают значительное число посетителей. A group of folklore students travelled over the northern parts of the country recording authentic songs and collecting authentic dress designs. — Группа студентов-фольклористов путешествовала в северных районах страны, записывая национальные песни и собирая оригинальные орнаменты одежды.
    6. true — настоящий, истинный, правильный, верный (такой, какой соответствует действительности): The film is based on a true story. — В основе фильма лежит настоящая история./Фильм основан на действительной истории./Фильм основан на реальной истории. It is true that my car is very expensive, but it's a good investment. —Действительно/правда, моя машина дорогая, но это хорошее вложение денег. Laura never shows her true feeling. — Лаура никогда не показывает своих истинных чувств. The study shows that the true cost of nuclear energy is much higher than most people think. — Тщательные подсчеты показывают, что настоящая/ реальная цена атомной энергии намного выше, чем обычно думают. Lynn has always been a true friend to me. — Лини всегда была мне настоящим другом./Линн всегда была мне истинным другом./Линн всегда была мне верным другом. She has a true talent for literature. — У нее настоящий литературный дар. The house was sold for only a fraction of its true value. — Дом продали за малую толику его настоящей цены./Дом продали за малую толику его реальной цены./Дом продали за малую толику его истинной цены. Her true motives only emerged later. — Настоящие мотивы ее поступков проявились лишь позднее./Истинные мотивы ее поступков стали Понятны лишь позднее.
    7. regular — настоящий; такой, какой должен быть; отвечавший всем правилам, законченный, отъявленный, отпетый: His wife is a regular slave, she has no say in their family. — Его жена настоящая рабыня, в семье ей и слова не дают сказать. Не knows a lot about law, but he is not a regular lawyer. — Он хорошо разбирается в законах, но он не юрист-профессионал./Он хорошо развирается в законах, но на самом деле он не юрист. Не is a regular hero. — Он настоящий герой. What you are saying is a regular blackmail. — To, что вы говорите, не что иное, как шантаж./То, что вы говорите, — настоящий шантаж. The boy grew up a regular scoundrel. — Мальчишка вырос отъявленным негодяем./Мальчишка вырос законченным негодяем. The election campaign was a regular failure for the party. — Для (их) партии Выборы оказались настоящим провалом. You look a regular fright. — Ты похож на (настоящее) чучело./Посмотри, на кого ты похож, — настоящее чучело.

    Русско-английский объяснительный словарь > настоящий

  • 62 back

    A n
    1 Anat, Zool dos m ; to be (flat) on one's back lit être (à plat) sur le dos ; fig être au lit ; to sleep on one's back dormir sur le dos ; he was lying on his back il était allongé sur le dos ; to travel on the back of a donkey voyager à dos d'âne ; to have one's back to sb/sth tourner le dos à qn/qch ; with her back to the door le dos tourné vers la porte ; to turn one's back on sb/sth lit, fig tourner le dos à qn/qch ; as soon as my back is turned dès que j'ai le dos tourné ; to do sth behind sb's back lit, fig faire qch dans le dos de qn ; with one's back to the engine dans le sens contraire à la marche ; to put one's back into it ○ travailler dur ; put your back into it ○ ! allons, un peu de nerf ○ ! ; he's always on my back ○ il est toujours sur mon dos ; get off my back ○ ! fiche-moi la paix ○ ! ; I was glad to see the back of him j'étais content de le voir partir ; to be at the back of être à l'origine de [conspiracy, proposal] ; to put sb's back up offenser qn ; to live off sb's back vivre aux crochets de qn ;
    2 ( reverse side) (of page, cheque, card, envelope) dos m, verso m ; ( of fabric) envers m ; (of medal, coin) revers m ; on the back of an envelope au dos d'une enveloppe ; to sign the back of a cheque endosser un chèque ; the back of the hand le dos de la main ;
    3 ( flat side) (of knife, fork, spoon) dos m ;
    4 ( rear-facing part) ( of vehicle) arrière m ; ( of electrical appliance) face f arrière ; (of shirt, coat) dos m ; to hang one's coat on the back of the door pendre son manteau derrière la porte ; the shelves are oak but the back is plywood les étagères sont en chêne mais le fond est en contreplaqué ; a blow to the back of the head un coup sur l'arrière de la tête ; a lump on the back of the head une bosse derrière la tête ; the knife fell down the back of the fridge le couteau est tombé derrière le réfrigérateur ; the keys were down the back of the sofa les clés avaient glissé derrière les coussins du canapé ;
    5 ( area behind building) to be out back, to be in the back US ( in the garden) être dans le jardin ; ( in the yard) être dans la cour ; he's round ou in the back il est dans le jardin ; the view out back is lovely la vue que l'on a à l'arrière est très jolie ; there's a small garden out back ou round the back il y a un petit jardin derrière ; the bins are out back ou round the back les poubelles sont derrière la maison ; the steps at the back of the building l'escalier à l'arrière de l'immeuble ;
    6 Aut arrière m ; to sit in the back s'asseoir à l'arrière ; there are three children in the back il y a trois enfants à l'arrière ; to sit at the back of the plane/at the back of the bus s'asseoir à l'arrière de l'avion/au fond du bus ;
    7 ( furthest away area) (of cupboard, drawer, fridge) fond m ; ( of stage) fond m ; at ou in the back of the drawer au fond du tiroir ; right at the back of the cupboard tout au fond du placard ; at the back of the audience au fond de la salle ; those at the back couldn't see ceux qui étaient derrière ne pouvaient pas voir ; the back of the throat l'arrière-gorge f ; the back of the mouth la gorge f ;
    8 (of chair, sofa) dossier m ;
    9 Sport arrière m ; left back arrière gauche ;
    10 ( end) fin f ; at the back of the book/file à la fin du livre/fichier ;
    11 ( book spine) dos m.
    B adj
    1 ( at the rear) [axle, wheel, bumper] arrière ; [paw, leg] arrière ; [bedroom] du fond ; [edge] arrière ; [page] dernier/-ière (before n) ; [garden, gate] de derrière ; back tooth molaire f ;
    2 ( isolated) [road] petit (before n) ; back alley ou lane ruelle f ; back country arrière-pays m.
    C adv
    1 ( indicating return after absence) to be back être de retour ; I'll be back in five minutes/six weeks je reviens dans cinq minutes/six semaines ; to arrive ou come back rentrer (from de) ; he's back at work il a repris le travail ; she's back in (the) hospital elle est retournée à l'hôpital ; it's good to be back home c'est agréable de rentrer chez soi or de se retrouver à la maison ; when is he due back? quand doit-il rentrer? ; to go back to reprendre [work] ; retourner en [France, China] ; retourner au [Canada, Japan] ; retourner à [Paris, museum, shop] ; the mini-skirt is back ( in fashion) les mini-jupes sont de nouveau à la mode ;
    2 ( in return) to call ou phone back rappeler ; I'll write back (to him) je lui répondrai ; he hasn't written back yet il n'a pas encore répondu ; ‘OK,’ he shouted back ‘OK,’ a-t-il répondu en criant ; to punch sb back rendre son coup à qn ; to smile back at sb rendre son sourire à qn ; he was rude back il a été aussi impoli avec moi que je l'avais été avec lui ; ⇒ answer ;
    3 (backwards, in a reverse direction) [glance, jump, step, lean] en arrière ;
    4 ( away) we overtook him 20 km back nous l'avons doublé il y a 20 km ; there's a garage 10 km back nous avons passé un garage à 10 km en arrière ;
    5 ( ago) 25 years back il y a 25 ans ; a week/five minutes back il y a une semaine/cinq minutes ;
    6 ( a long time ago) back in 1964/April en 1964/avril ; back before Easter/the revolution avant Pâques/la révolution ; back in the days when du temps où ; it was obvious as far back as last year/1985 that déjà l'année dernière/en 1985 il était évident que ; to go ou date back to remonter à [Roman times, 1700] ;
    7 ( once again) she's back in power/control elle a repris le pouvoir/les commandes ; Paul is back at the wheel Paul a repris le volant ; to get back to sleep se rendormir ; to go back home rentrer chez soi ; to go back to bed se recoucher ;
    8 ( nearer the beginning) ten lines back dix lignes plus haut ; ten pages back dix pages plus tôt or avant ;
    9 ( indicating return to sb's possession) to give/send sth back rendre/renvoyer qch (to à) ; to put sth back remettre qch ; I've got my books back on m'a rendu mes livres ; to get one's money back être remboursé ; he wants his dictionary back now il veut que tu lui rendes son dictionnaire tout de suite ;
    10 ( expressing a return to a former location) to travel to London and back faire l'aller-retour à Londres ; the journey to Madrid and back l'aller-retour à Madrid ; we walked there and took the train back nous y sommes allés à pied et nous avons pris le train pour rentrer ; how long will it take to drive back? combien de temps est-ce que ça prendra pour rentrer en voiture? ;
    11 ( in a different location) meanwhile, back in France, he… pendant ce temps, en France, il… ; back in the studio, recording had begun au studio, l'enregistrement avait commencé ; I'll see you back at the house/in the office je te verrai à la maison/au bureau.
    D back and forth adv phr to go ou travel back and forth ( commute) [person, bus] faire la navette (between entre) ; to walk ou go back and forth faire des allées et venues (between entre) ; to swing back and forth [pendulum] osciller ; to sway back and forth se balancer ; the film cuts ou moves back and forth between New York and Paris le film se passe entre New York et Paris.
    E vtr
    1 ( support) soutenir [candidate, party, person, bid, bill, action] ; appuyer [application] ; apporter son soutien à [enterprise, project] ; the strike is backed by the union le syndicat soutient la grève ; the junta is backed by the militia la junte est soutenue par la milice ;
    2 ( finance) financer [project, undertaking] ;
    3 ( endorse) garantir [currency] ; to back a bill Comm, Fin endosser, avaliser une traite ;
    4 ( substantiate) justifier [argument, claim] (with à l'aide de) ;
    5 ( reverse) faire reculer [horse] ; to back the car into the garage rentrer la voiture au garage en marche arrière ; to back sb into/against sth faire reculer qn dans/contre qch ; to back oars ou water déramer ;
    6 ( bet on) parier sur [horse, favourite, winner] ; to back a loser [race goer] miser sur un cheval perdant ; fig ( invest ill-advisedly) mal placer son argent ; ( support a lost cause) soutenir une cause perdue d'avance ; to back the wrong horse lit, fig miser sur le mauvais cheval ;
    7 (stiffen, line) consolider, renforcer [structure] ; endosser [book] ; renforcer, entoiler [map] ; maroufler [painting] ; doubler [fabric] ;
    8 Mus accompagner [singer, performer] ;
    9 Naut masquer, coiffer [sail].
    F vi
    1 ( reverse) faire marche arrière ;
    2 Naut [wind] changer de direction.
    G - backed (dans composés)
    1 ( of furniture) a high-/low-backed chair une chaise avec un dossier haut/bas ;
    2 (lined, stiffened) canvas-/foam-backed doublé de toile/de mousse ;
    3 ( supported) UN-backed soutenu par l'ONU ;
    4 ( financed) government-backed financé par l'État.
    to break the back of a journey/task faire le plus gros du voyage/travail. ⇒ beyond, duck, hand, own, scratch, wall.
    ■ back away reculer ; to back away from lit s'éloigner de [person, precipice] ; fig prendre ses distances par rapport à [issue, problem] ; chercher à éviter [confrontation].
    ■ back down:
    ▶ back down ( give way) céder ; you can't back down now tu ne peux pas céder maintenant ; to back down from chercher à éviter [confrontation] ; to back down on ou over reconsidérer [sanctions, proposal, allegations] ;
    ▶ back down [sth] [person] descendre [qch] à reculons [slope] ; [car] descendre [qch] en marche arrière [drive, hill].
    1 ( move away) reculer ;
    2 fig ( climb down) se montrer plus coopérant ; to back off over céder sur [issue, matter].
    ■ back onto:
    ▶ back onto [sth] [house] donner sur [qch] à l'arrière [fields, railway].
    ■ back out:
    1 ( come out backwards) [person] sortir à reculons ; [car, driver] sortir en marche arrière ; to back out of [person] sortir de [qch] en reculant [room] ; [car, driver] sortir de [qch] en marche arrière [garage, parking space] ;
    2 ( renege on) se désister, reculer ; to back out of annuler [deal, contract] ; [competitor, team] se retirer de [event] ;
    ▶ back [sth] out faire sortir [qch] en marche arrière [vehicle] ; to back the car out of the garage faire sortir la voiture du garage en marche arrière.
    ■ back up:
    ▶ back up
    1 ( reverse) [driver, vehicle] reculer, faire marche arrière ; back up a few metres recule de quelques mètres ;
    2 US ( block) [drains] s'obstruer ;
    3 US ( tail back) [traffic] se bloquer ;
    ▶ back [sth] up, back up [sth]
    1 ( support) [facts, evidence] confirmer [claims, case, theory] ;
    2 Comput sauvegarder [data, file] ;
    ▶ back [sb] up soutenir [person].

    Big English-French dictionary > back

  • 63 new

    new [nju:]
    nouveau ⇒ 1 (a)-(e), 2 neuf ⇒ 1 (a) autre ⇒ 1 (a)
    (compar newer, superl newest)
    (a) (gen) nouveau(elle); (different) nouveau(elle), autre; (unused) neuf, nouveau(elle);
    ∎ a new tablecloth (brand new) une nouvelle nappe, une nappe neuve; (fresh) une nouvelle nappe, une nappe propre;
    ∎ new evidence de nouvelles preuves;
    ∎ he's wearing his new suit for the first time il porte son nouveau costume ou son costume neuf pour la première fois;
    ∎ I don't want to get my new gloves dirty je ne veux pas salir mes nouveaux gants ou gants neufs;
    ∎ this dress isn't new ce n'est pas une robe neuve ou une nouvelle robe, cette robe n'est pas neuve;
    ∎ have you seen their new house yet? est-ce que tu as vu leur nouvelle maison?;
    ∎ she needs a new sheet of paper il lui faut une autre feuille de papier;
    ∎ we need some new ideas il nous faut de nouvelles idées ou des idées neuves;
    ∎ a new application of an old theory une nouvelle application d'une vieille théorie;
    ∎ there are new people in the flat next door il y a de nouveaux occupants dans l'appartement d'à côté;
    ∎ she likes her new boss elle aime bien son nouveau patron;
    ∎ new members are always welcome nous sommes toujours ravis d'accueillir de nouveaux adhérents;
    ∎ to look for new business faire de la prospection;
    ∎ America was a new country (just developing) l'Amérique était un pays neuf;
    ∎ under new management (sign) changement de propriétaire;
    ∎ as or like new comme neuf; (in advertisement) état neuf;
    ∎ as good as new (again) (clothing, carpet) (à nouveau) comme neuf; (watch, electrical appliance) (à nouveau) en parfait état de marche;
    ∎ to feel like a new woman/man se sentir revivre;
    ∎ to make a new woman/man of sb transformer qn complètement;
    ∎ proverb there's nothing new under the sun il n'y a rien de nouveau sous le soleil
    (b) (latest, recent → issue, recording, baby) nouveau(elle);
    ∎ the newest fashions la dernière mode;
    ∎ is there anything new on the catastrophe? est-ce qu'il y a du nouveau sur la catastrophe?;
    ∎ familiar what's new? quoi de neuf?;
    ∎ familiar (so) what's new!, what else is new! (dismissive) quelle surprise!;
    ∎ that's nothing new! rien de nouveau à cela!
    (c) (unfamiliar → experience, environment) nouveau(elle);
    ∎ everything's still very new to me here tout est encore tout nouveau pour moi ici;
    ∎ familiar that's a new one on me! (joke) celle-là, on ne me l'avait jamais faite!; (news) première nouvelle!; (experience) on en apprend tous les jours!
    (d) (recently arrived) nouveau(elle); (novice) novice;
    ∎ you're new here, aren't you? vous êtes nouveau ici, n'est-ce pas?;
    ∎ those curtains are new in this room ces rideaux n'étaient pas dans cette pièce;
    ∎ she's new to the job elle débute dans le métier;
    ∎ we're new to this area nous venons d'arriver dans la région
    (e) Cookery (wine, potatoes, carrots) nouveau(elle)
    2 noun
    nouveau m;
    ∎ the cult of the new le culte du nouveau
    ►► familiar new blood sang m neuf;
    Finance new borrowings nouveaux emprunts mpl;
    new boy School nouveau m, nouvel élève m; (in office, team etc) nouveau m;
    New Britain Nouvelle-Bretagne f;
    New Brunswick le Nouveau-Brunswick;
    ∎ in New Brunswick dans le Nouveau-Brunswick;
    Architecture new brutalism brutalisme m;
    Marketing new buy situation situation f de nouvel achat;
    New Caledonia Nouvelle-Calédonie f;
    ∎ in New Caledonia en Nouvelle-Calédonie;
    1 noun
    Néo-Calédonien(enne) m,f
    néo-calédonien;
    Finance new capital capitaux mpl frais;
    (a) History le New Deal (programme de réformes sociales mises en place aux États-Unis par le président Roosevelt au lendemain de la grande dépression des années 30)
    (b) British Politics = programme du gouvernement Blair destiné à aider les jeunes à trouver un emploi;
    New Delhi New Delhi;
    French Canadian New Democratic Party Nouveau Parti m démocratique;
    new economy nouvelle économie f;
    New England Nouvelle-Angleterre f;
    ∎ in New England en Nouvelle-Angleterre;
    New Englander habitant(e) m,f de la Nouvelle-Angleterre;
    the New English Bible = texte de la Bible révisé dans les années 60;
    New Forest = région forestière dans le sud de l'Angleterre;
    New Forest pony New Forest m (cheval);
    new girl School nouvelle (élève) f; (in office, team) nouvelle f;
    new grammar la nouvelle grammaire;
    New Guinea Nouvelle-Guinée f;
    ∎ in New Guinea en Nouvelle-Guinée;
    New Hampshire le New Hampshire;
    ∎ in New Hampshire dans le New Hampshire;
    1 noun
    Néo-Hébridais(e) m,f
    néo-hébridais;
    New Hebrides Nouvelles-Hébrides fpl;
    ∎ in the New Hebrides aux Nouvelles-Hébrides;
    New Ireland Nouvelle-Irlande f;
    ∎ in New Ireland en Nouvelle-Irlande;
    Stock Exchange new issue nouvelle émission f;
    Stock Exchange new issue market marché m des nouvelles émissions, marché m primaire;
    New Jersey le New Jersey;
    ∎ in New Jersey dans le New Jersey;
    New Labour = nouveau nom donné au parti travailliste britannique vers le milieu des années quatre-vingt-dix dans le souci d'en moderniser l'image;
    British familiar new lad jeune homme m moderne□ (qui boit avec modération et n'est pas sexiste);
    New Latin latin m scientifique;
    British Politics the New Left la nouvelle gauche;
    new look nouvelle image f;
    New Man homme m moderne (qui participe équitablement à l'éducation des enfants et aux tâches ménagères);
    American new math, British new maths les maths fpl modernes;
    the new media les nouveaux médias mpl;
    New Mexico le Nouveau-Mexique;
    ∎ in New Mexico au Nouveau-Mexique;
    British History the New Model Army = nom donné à l'armée anglaise après la révolte du Parlement en 1645;
    new money (after decimalization) système m monétaire décimal; Finance crédit m de restructuration;
    ∎ what's ten shillings in new money? ten shillings, ça fait combien en système décimal?;
    ∎ she married into new money (wealth) elle s'est mariée avec un homme issue d'une famille enrichie de fraîche date; pejorative elle s'est mariée avec un nouveau riche;
    new moon nouvelle lune f;
    Press New Musical Express = hebdomadaire anglais de musique rock;
    New Orleans La Nouvelle-Orléans;
    new potato pomme f de terre nouvelle;
    Commerce & Marketing new product nouveau produit m;
    Commerce & Marketing new product development développement m de nouveaux produits;
    Commerce & Marketing new product marketing marketing m de nouveaux produits;
    New Providence île f de la Nouvelle-Providence;
    New Quebec Nouveau-Québec m;
    ∎ in New Quebec au Nouveau-Québec;
    the new rich les nouveaux riches mpl;
    New Right nouvelle droite f;
    Press the New Scientist = hebdomadaire scientifique britannique;
    New Scotland Yard = siège de la police à Londres;
    New South Wales la Nouvelle-Galles du Sud;
    ∎ in New South Wales en Nouvelle-Galles du Sud;
    Finance new shares actions fpl nouvelles;
    Press the New Statesman = hebdomadaire britannique de gauche;
    new technology nouvelle technologie f, technologie f de pointe;
    the New Territories les Nouveaux Territoires mpl (de Hong Kong);
    Bible New Testament Nouveau Testament m;
    British new town ville f nouvelle;
    new wave (in cinema) nouvelle vague f; (in pop music) new wave f;
    the New World le Nouveau Monde;
    New Year Nouvel An m;
    ∎ happy New Year! bonne année!;
    ∎ to see in the New Year réveillonner (le 31 décembre);
    New Year's resolutions résolutions fpl pour la nouvelle année;
    ∎ have you made any New Year's resolutions? tu as des résolutions pour la nouvelle année?;
    American New Year's (day) le premier de l'an; (eve) le soir du réveillon ou du 31 décembre;
    New Year's Day jour m de l'an;
    New Year's Eve Saint-Sylvestre f;
    the New Year's Honours List = titres et distinctions honorifiques décernés par la Reine à l'occasion de la nouvelle année et dont la liste est établie officieusement par le Premier ministre;
    New York (City) New York;
    New Yorker New-Yorkais(e) m,f;
    Press the New Yorker = hebdomadaire culturel et littéraire new-yorkais;
    Stock Exchange New York Mercantile Exchange = marché à terme des produits pétroliers de New York;
    New York (State) l'État m de New York;
    ∎ in (the State of) New York, in New York (State) dans l'État de New York;
    the New York subway le métro new-yorkais;
    Press the New York Times = quotidien américain de qualité;
    New Zealand Nouvelle-Zélande f;
    ∎ in New Zealand en Nouvelle-Zélande;
    New Zealand butter beurre m néo-zélandais;
    New Zealander Néo-Zélandais(e) m,f
    ✾ Music 'New World Symphony' or 'From the New World' Dvorák 'La Symphonie du Nouveau Monde'
    ⓘ NEW LABOUR Après dix-huit ans de gouvernement conservateur, les élections de mai 1997 propulsèrent les travaillistes au pouvoir avec une écrasante majorité. Convaincus par plusieurs défaites électorales de l'inéligibilité du parti travailliste traditionnel dans une Grande-Bretagne bouleversée par le thatchérisme, les nouveaux dirigeants décidèrent de réorganiser et de renommer le parti afin d'élargir leur électorat aux classes moyennes. Les "nouveaux travaillistes" établirent des liens étroits avec le patronat et promurent une "troisième voie" comme alternative à la traditionnelle idéologie de gauche du parti. Cependant, les fidèles du parti commencèrent très vite à souhaiter un retour aux valeurs traditionnelles de la gauche.

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > new

  • 64 уровень


    level
    - (прибор) — level
    - аварийности — accident rate
    - аварийности (с человеческими жертвами) — fatality rate
    - воспринимаемого шума, в дб — perceivable noise (pn, db)
    - взлетно-посадочной полосы (с которой производится взлет) — takeoff surface level
    относительная высота должна отсчитываться от уровня взлетной полосы в конце потребной взлетной дистанции. — height should be related to the level of takeoff surface at the end of the takeoff distance required.
    - впп (на которую производится посадка) — landing surface level
    -жидкости (масла, топлива) — fluid level
    -, жидкостный (астрокомпаса) — leveling dial
    - записи (магнитофон) — recording level
    - звукового давления (в дб) — sound pressure level (srl, db)
    - квалификации (летного или технического состава) — skill level (of flight crew or maintenance personnel)
    - масла, минимальный — low oil level
    - мирового океана в состоянии равновесия воды — seal-level gravity equipotential
    - моря — sea level (sl, s/l)
    - моря, средний — mean sea level (msl)
    высота полета отсчитывается от среднего уровня моря. — mean sea level is the datum from which heights are measured.
    - шума — noise level
    - шума в аэропорту — field noise level
    - шума в кабине — cabin noise level
    звукоизоляция уменьшает уровень шума в кабине, — the sound-proofing insulation reduces the cabin noise level.
    - шума (двигателя) — engine noise level
    - шума, создаваемый ла (при пролете над контрольным пунктом местности) — fly-over noise
    на у. земли — at the ground level
    на высоте... футов над уровнем впп (при полете) — at feet above takeoff surface
    (высота) над у. моря — (altitude) above sea level (asl)
    выравнивание самолета на высоте м. над у.м. — the aircraft is leveled out... m asl.
    доводить (дорабатывать) до у. современных требований — bring up-to-date
    доводить у. электролита (до нормы) — adjust battery electrolyte level
    уменьшать у. шума — reduce noise level

    Русско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > уровень

  • 65 Edison, Thomas Alva

    [br]
    b. 11 February 1847 Milan, Ohio, USA
    d. 18 October 1931 Glenmont
    [br]
    American inventor and pioneer electrical developer.
    [br]
    He was the son of Samuel Edison, who was in the timber business. His schooling was delayed due to scarlet fever until 1855, when he was 8½ years old, but he was an avid reader. By the age of 14 he had a job as a newsboy on the railway from Port Huron to Detroit, a distance of sixty-three miles (101 km). He worked a fourteen-hour day with a stopover of five hours, which he spent in the Detroit Free Library. He also sold sweets on the train and, later, fruit and vegetables, and was soon making a profit of $20 a week. He then started two stores in Port Huron and used a spare freight car as a laboratory. He added a hand-printing press to produce 400 copies weekly of The Grand Trunk Herald, most of which he compiled and edited himself. He set himself to learn telegraphy from the station agent at Mount Clements, whose son he had saved from being run over by a freight car.
    At the age of 16 he became a telegraphist at Port Huron. In 1863 he became railway telegraphist at the busy Stratford Junction of the Grand Trunk Railroad, arranging a clock with a notched wheel to give the hourly signal which was to prove that he was awake and at his post! He left hurriedly after failing to hold a train which was nearly involved in a head-on collision. He usually worked the night shift, allowing himself time for experiments during the day. His first invention was an arrangement of two Morse registers so that a high-speed input could be decoded at a slower speed. Moving from place to place he held many positions as a telegraphist. In Boston he invented an automatic vote recorder for Congress and patented it, but the idea was rejected. This was the first of a total of 1180 patents that he was to take out during his lifetime. After six years he resigned from the Western Union Company to devote all his time to invention, his next idea being an improved ticker-tape machine for stockbrokers. He developed a duplex telegraphy system, but this was turned down by the Western Union Company. He then moved to New York.
    Edison found accommodation in the battery room of Law's Gold Reporting Company, sleeping in the cellar, and there his repair of a broken transmitter marked him as someone of special talents. His superior soon resigned, and he was promoted with a salary of $300 a month. Western Union paid him $40,000 for the sole rights on future improvements on the duplex telegraph, and he moved to Ward Street, Newark, New Jersey, where he employed a gathering of specialist engineers. Within a year, he married one of his employees, Mary Stilwell, when she was only 16: a daughter, Marion, was born in 1872, and two sons, Thomas and William, in 1876 and 1879, respectively.
    He continued to work on the automatic telegraph, a device to send out messages faster than they could be tapped out by hand: that is, over fifty words per minute or so. An earlier machine by Alexander Bain worked at up to 400 words per minute, but was not good over long distances. Edison agreed to work on improving this feature of Bain's machine for the Automatic Telegraph Company (ATC) for $40,000. He improved it to a working speed of 500 words per minute and ran a test between Washington and New York. Hoping to sell their equipment to the Post Office in Britain, ATC sent Edison to England in 1873 to negotiate. A 500-word message was to be sent from Liverpool to London every half-hour for six hours, followed by tests on 2,200 miles (3,540 km) of cable at Greenwich. Only confused results were obtained due to induction in the cable, which lay coiled in a water tank. Edison returned to New York, where he worked on his quadruplex telegraph system, tests of which proved a success between New York and Albany in December 1874. Unfortunately, simultaneous negotiation with Western Union and ATC resulted in a lawsuit.
    Alexander Graham Bell was granted a patent for a telephone in March 1876 while Edison was still working on the same idea. His improvements allowed the device to operate over a distance of hundreds of miles instead of only a few miles. Tests were carried out over the 106 miles (170 km) between New York and Philadelphia. Edison applied for a patent on the carbon-button transmitter in April 1877, Western Union agreeing to pay him $6,000 a year for the seventeen-year duration of the patent. In these years he was also working on the development of the electric lamp and on a duplicating machine which would make up to 3,000 copies from a stencil. In 1876–7 he moved from Newark to Menlo Park, twenty-four miles (39 km) from New York on the Pennsylvania Railway, near Elizabeth. He had bought a house there around which he built the premises that would become his "inventions factory". It was there that he began the use of his 200- page pocket notebooks, each of which lasted him about two weeks, so prolific were his ideas. When he died he left 3,400 of them filled with notes and sketches.
    Late in 1877 he applied for a patent for a phonograph which was granted on 19 February 1878, and by the end of the year he had formed a company to manufacture this totally new product. At the time, Edison saw the device primarily as a business aid rather than for entertainment, rather as a dictating machine. In August 1878 he was granted a British patent. In July 1878 he tried to measure the heat from the solar corona at a solar eclipse viewed from Rawlins, Wyoming, but his "tasimeter" was too sensitive.
    Probably his greatest achievement was "The Subdivision of the Electric Light" or the "glow bulb". He tried many materials for the filament before settling on carbon. He gave a demonstration of electric light by lighting up Menlo Park and inviting the public. Edison was, of course, faced with the problem of inventing and producing all the ancillaries which go to make up the electrical system of generation and distribution-meters, fuses, insulation, switches, cabling—even generators had to be designed and built; everything was new. He started a number of manufacturing companies to produce the various components needed.
    In 1881 he built the world's largest generator, which weighed 27 tons, to light 1,200 lamps at the Paris Exhibition. It was later moved to England to be used in the world's first central power station with steam engine drive at Holborn Viaduct, London. In September 1882 he started up his Pearl Street Generating Station in New York, which led to a worldwide increase in the application of electric power, particularly for lighting. At the same time as these developments, he built a 1,300yd (1,190m) electric railway at Menlo Park.
    On 9 August 1884 his wife died of typhoid. Using his telegraphic skills, he proposed to 19-year-old Mina Miller in Morse code while in the company of others on a train. He married her in February 1885 before buying a new house and estate at West Orange, New Jersey, building a new laboratory not far away in the Orange Valley.
    Edison used direct current which was limited to around 250 volts. Alternating current was largely developed by George Westinghouse and Nicola Tesla, using transformers to step up the current to a higher voltage for long-distance transmission. The use of AC gradually overtook the Edison DC system.
    In autumn 1888 he patented a form of cinephotography, the kinetoscope, obtaining film-stock from George Eastman. In 1893 he set up the first film studio, which was pivoted so as to catch the sun, with a hinged roof which could be raised. In 1894 kinetoscope parlours with "peep shows" were starting up in cities all over America. Competition came from the Latham Brothers with a screen-projection machine, which Edison answered with his "Vitascope", shown in New York in 1896. This showed pictures with accompanying sound, but there was some difficulty with synchronization. Edison also experimented with captions at this early date.
    In 1880 he filed a patent for a magnetic ore separator, the first of nearly sixty. He bought up deposits of low-grade iron ore which had been developed in the north of New Jersey. The process was a commercial success until the discovery of iron-rich ore in Minnesota rendered it uneconomic and uncompetitive. In 1898 cement rock was discovered in New Village, west of West Orange. Edison bought the land and started cement manufacture, using kilns twice the normal length and using half as much fuel to heat them as the normal type of kiln. In 1893 he met Henry Ford, who was building his second car, at an Edison convention. This started him on the development of a battery for an electric car on which he made over 9,000 experiments. In 1903 he sold his patent for wireless telegraphy "for a song" to Guglielmo Marconi.
    In 1910 Edison designed a prefabricated concrete house. In December 1914 fire destroyed three-quarters of the West Orange plant, but it was at once rebuilt, and with the threat of war Edison started to set up his own plants for making all the chemicals that he had previously been buying from Europe, such as carbolic acid, phenol, benzol, aniline dyes, etc. He was appointed President of the Navy Consulting Board, for whom, he said, he made some forty-five inventions, "but they were pigeonholed, every one of them". Thus did Edison find that the Navy did not take kindly to civilian interference.
    In 1927 he started the Edison Botanic Research Company, founded with similar investment from Ford and Firestone with the object of finding a substitute for overseas-produced rubber. In the first year he tested no fewer than 3,327 possible plants, in the second year, over 1,400, eventually developing a variety of Golden Rod which grew to 14 ft (4.3 m) in height. However, all this effort and money was wasted, due to the discovery of synthetic rubber.
    In October 1929 he was present at Henry Ford's opening of his Dearborn Museum to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the incandescent lamp, including a replica of the Menlo Park laboratory. He was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal and was elected to the American Academy of Sciences. He died in 1931 at his home, Glenmont; throughout the USA, lights were dimmed temporarily on the day of his funeral.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Member of the American Academy of Sciences. Congressional Gold Medal.
    Further Reading
    M.Josephson, 1951, Edison, Eyre \& Spottiswode.
    R.W.Clark, 1977, Edison, the Man who Made the Future, Macdonald \& Jane.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Edison, Thomas Alva

  • 66 analog

    1) analog date — аналоговые данные;
    2) analog input — аналоговый вход; 3) analog output — аналоговый выход; 4) analog recording — запись аналоговой информации; 5) analog transducer — аналоговый преобразователь

    English-Russian dictionary of musical terminology > analog

  • 67 כךְ

    כָּךְ(b. h. כָּכָה) thus, so. Ab. IV, 5 וכך הי׳ הללוכ׳ and even so (in the same sense) did HiIIel say. B. Kam.61a כך מקובלניוכ׳ such is my tradition from Tosef.Keth.V, 9 כך תתניוכ׳ even so much (and no more) may you have wherewith to endow your daughters; Bab. ib. 66b; ib. 65a כך תפסקו; Y. ib. V, end, 30c כָּכָה; a. fr. כך וכך so and so many, a certain number, date R. Hash. 18b בשנת כך וכך ליוחנןוכ׳ in the yearof John ; a. fr. אחר כך, v. אַחַרלְכָךְ (cmp. b. h. לָכֵן) for such a purpose, therefore. Ab. II, 8, v. יָצַר. Num. R. s. 4, beg. ל׳ דַּקְדֵּקוכ׳ therefore be exact in recording the numbers ; a. fr.v. הִילְכָךְ, לְפִיכָךְ.

    Jewish literature > כךְ

  • 68 כָּךְ

    כָּךְ(b. h. כָּכָה) thus, so. Ab. IV, 5 וכך הי׳ הללוכ׳ and even so (in the same sense) did HiIIel say. B. Kam.61a כך מקובלניוכ׳ such is my tradition from Tosef.Keth.V, 9 כך תתניוכ׳ even so much (and no more) may you have wherewith to endow your daughters; Bab. ib. 66b; ib. 65a כך תפסקו; Y. ib. V, end, 30c כָּכָה; a. fr. כך וכך so and so many, a certain number, date R. Hash. 18b בשנת כך וכך ליוחנןוכ׳ in the yearof John ; a. fr. אחר כך, v. אַחַרלְכָךְ (cmp. b. h. לָכֵן) for such a purpose, therefore. Ab. II, 8, v. יָצַר. Num. R. s. 4, beg. ל׳ דַּקְדֵּקוכ׳ therefore be exact in recording the numbers ; a. fr.v. הִילְכָךְ, לְפִיכָךְ.

    Jewish literature > כָּךְ

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