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61 Nobel, Immanuel
[br]b. 1801 Gävle, Swedend. 3 September 1872 Stockholm, Sweden[br]Swedish inventor and industrialist, particularly noted for his work on mines and explosives.[br]The son of a barber-surgeon who deserted his family to serve in the Swedish army, Nobel showed little interest in academic pursuits as a child and was sent to sea at the age of 16, but jumped ship in Egypt and was eventually employed as an architect by the pasha. Returning to Sweden, he won a scholarship to the Stockholm School of Architecture, where he studied from 1821 to 1825 and was awarded a number of prizes. His interest then leaned towards mechanical matters and he transferred to the Stockholm School of Engineering. Designs for linen-finishing machines won him a prize there, and he also patented a means of transforming rotary into reciprocating movement. He then entered the real-estate business and was successful until a fire in 1833 destroyed his house and everything he owned. By this time he had married and had two sons, with a third, Alfred (of Nobel Prize fame; see Alfred Nobel), on the way. Moving to more modest quarters on the outskirts of Stockholm, Immanuel resumed his inventions, concentrating largely on India rubber, which he applied to surgical instruments and military equipment, including a rubber knapsack.It was talk of plans to construct a canal at Suez that first excited his interest in explosives. He saw them as a means of making mining more efficient and began to experiment in his backyard. However, this made him unpopular with his neighbours, and the city authorities ordered him to cease his investigations. By this time he was deeply in debt and in 1837 moved to Finland, leaving his family in Stockholm. He hoped to interest the Russians in land and sea mines and, after some four years, succeeded in obtaining financial backing from the Ministry of War, enabling him to set up a foundry and arms factory in St Petersburg and to bring his family over. By 1850 he was clear of debt in Sweden and had begun to acquire a high reputation as an inventor and industrialist. His invention of the horned contact mine was to be the basic pattern of the sea mine for almost the next 100 years, but he also created and manufactured a central-heating system based on hot-water pipes. His three sons, Ludwig, Robert and Alfred, had now joined him in his business, but even so the outbreak of war with Britain and France in the Crimea placed severe pressures on him. The Russians looked to him to convert their navy from sail to steam, even though he had no experience in naval propulsion, but the aftermath of the Crimean War brought financial ruin once more to Immanuel. Amongst the reforms brought in by Tsar Alexander II was a reliance on imports to equip the armed forces, so all domestic arms contracts were abruptly cancelled, including those being undertaken by Nobel. Unable to raise money from the banks, Immanuel was forced to declare himself bankrupt and leave Russia for his native Sweden. Nobel then reverted to his study of explosives, particularly of how to adapt the then highly unstable nitroglycerine, which had first been developed by Ascanio Sobrero in 1847, for blasting and mining. Nobel believed that this could be done by mixing it with gunpowder, but could not establish the right proportions. His son Alfred pursued the matter semi-independently and eventually evolved the principle of the primary charge (and through it created the blasting cap), having taken out a patent for a nitroglycerine product in his own name; the eventual result of this was called dynamite. Father and son eventually fell out over Alfred's independent line, but worse was to follow. In September 1864 Immanuel's youngest son, Oscar, then studying chemistry at Uppsala University, was killed in an explosion in Alfred's laboratory: Immanuel suffered a stroke, but this only temporarily incapacitated him, and he continued to put forward new ideas. These included making timber a more flexible material through gluing crossed veneers under pressure and bending waste timber under steam, a concept which eventually came to fruition in the form of plywood.In 1868 Immanuel and Alfred were jointly awarded the prestigious Letterstedt Prize for their work on explosives, but Alfred never for-gave his father for retaining the medal without offering it to him.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsImperial Gold Medal (Russia) 1853. Swedish Academy of Science Letterstedt Prize (jointly with son Alfred) 1868.BibliographyImmanuel Nobel produced a short handwritten account of his early life 1813–37, which is now in the possession of one of his descendants. He also had published three short books during the last decade of his life— Cheap Defence of the Country's Roads (on land mines), Cheap Defence of the Archipelagos (on sea mines), and Proposal for the Country's Defence (1871)—as well as his pamphlet (1870) on making wood a more physically flexible product.Further ReadingNo biographies of Immanuel Nobel exist, but his life is detailed in a number of books on his son Alfred.CM -
62 concerned
kənˈsə:nd прил.
1) занятый чем-л.;
связанный с чем-л.;
имеющий отношение к чему-л. concerned parties ≈ заинтересованные стороны
2) озабоченный concerned air Syn: anxious, solicitous concerned: имеющий отношение( к чему-л.) ;
связанный( с чем-л.) ;
- * with the crime замешанный в этом преступлении заинтересованный;
- all * все заинтересованные стороны озабоченный, обеспокоенный;
- to have a * look иметь озабоченный вид;
- the * mothers anxiously waited for their children взволнованные матери нетерпеливо поджидали своих детей занятый - * in the real estate business занимающийся куплей и продажей недвижимости увлеченный, интересующийся;
причастный;
- * citizens сознательные граждане;
- our * youth наша полная энтузиазма молодежь concerned p. p. от concern ~ заинтересованный ~ занятый (чем-л.) ;
связанный (с чем-л.) ;
имеющий отношение( к чему-л.) ;
concerned parties заинтересованные стороны ~ занятый ~ имеющий отношение (к чему-л.) ~ обеспокоенный ~ озабоченный;
concerned air озабоченный вид ~ озабоченный ~ связанный ~ озабоченный;
concerned air озабоченный вид ~ занятый (чем-л.) ;
связанный (с чем-л.) ;
имеющий отношение (к чему-л.) ;
concerned parties заинтересованные стороны party ~ сторона, о которой идет речь person ~ заинтересованное лицоБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > concerned
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63 concerned
[kənʹsɜ:nd] a1. 1) имеющий отношение (к чему-л.); связанный (с чем-л.)2) заинтересованный2. озабоченный, обеспокоенныйto have a concerned look /air/ - иметь озабоченный вид
the concerned mothers anxiously waited for their children - взволнованные матери нетерпеливо поджидали своих детей
3. (in, with) занятый (чем-л.)concerned in the real estate business - занимающийся куплей и продажей недвижимости
4. увлечённый, интересующийся (особ. социальными проблемами); причастный -
64 REBC
1) Фирменный знак: Real Estate Business Channel2) Должность: Registered Employee Benefits Consultant -
65 бизнес-парк
1) General subject: market garden (встречается в коммерческой и технической документации из Финляндии)2) Real estate: business park (комплекс малоэтажных зданий с низкой плотностью застройки, расположенный за чертой урбанизированного центра. Распространены в США. В Москве - бизнес-парк "Крылатские холмы".), office park -
66 занимающийся куплей и продажей недвижимости
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > занимающийся куплей и продажей недвижимости
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67 Immobilienbranche
Im·mo·bi·li·en·bran·chef real estate business -
68 Grundstückshandel
Grundstückshandel
real-estate business -
69 eiendomsformidling
subst. UK: real estate business -
70 угода
жbargain; arrangement, settlement; ( договір) agreement, covenant; pact; ( згода) agreement, understanding; ( операція) transaction, contract, dealтаємна угода — secret treaty ( understanding); ( зговір) collusion
угода купівлі-продажу — contract of purchase ( of sale), purchase ( sale) contract
угода на термін — bargain on term, position, Futures Contract ек.
входити в угоду з ким-небудь — to strike a bargain with smb.
укласти угоду — to conclude a bargain; to arrange a deal, to close a deal ( with), to do a deal ( with), to make a deal ( with)
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71 concerned
1. a имеющий отношение; связанный2. a заинтересованный3. a озабоченный, обеспокоенный4. a занятый5. a увлечённый, интересующийся; причастныйСинонимический ряд:1. influenced (adj.) impressed; influenced; moved; overwhelmed; tender; touched2. interested (adj.) affected; implicated; interested; involved3. troubled (adj.) anxious; disquieted; distressed; disturbed; nervous; troubled; uneasy; unsettled; worried4. applied (verb) appertained; applied; bear on; involved; pertained; referred; related5. concerned (verb) ailed; concerned; distressed; troubled; worried -
72 Immobilienhandel
mreal estate business -
73 emlakçılık
the real estate business -
74 emlakçilik
the real estate business. -
75 información sobre propiedades inmobiliarias
Ex. This article describes the general area of real estate information, which as with so many business topics can be found in general business data bases, specialised related data bases, full text newspaper data bases and in niche data bases.* * *Ex: This article describes the general area of real estate information, which as with so many business topics can be found in general business data bases, specialised related data bases, full text newspaper data bases and in niche data bases.
Spanish-English dictionary > información sobre propiedades inmobiliarias
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76 девелоперская деятельность
Real estate: real estate development businessУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > девелоперская деятельность
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77 девелоперское направление (бизнеса)
Real estate: real estate development businessУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > девелоперское направление (бизнеса)
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78 девелоперское направление
Real estate: (бизнеса) real estate development businessУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > девелоперское направление
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79 операции с недвижимостью
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > операции с недвижимостью
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80 компания, ведущая операции с недвижимостью
Business: real estate company, real property companyУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > компания, ведущая операции с недвижимостью
См. также в других словарях:
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Real estate appraisal — Real estate appraisal, property valuation or land valuation is the practice of developing an opinion of the value of real property, usually its Market Value. The need for appraisals arises from the heterogeneous nature of property as an… … Wikipedia