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program+rate

  • 1 suggestion program

    HR
    a policy designed to encourage employees to generate ideas or proposals that improve work processes, for which they receive a gift or cash reward. The objective of a suggestion program is to promote employee involvement, creative thinking, and continuous improvement. Its success can be evaluated in terms of the participation rate, or by the level of cost savings, but there may be an incalculable beneficial effect on sales, customer loyalty, retention of employees, and motivation.

    The ultimate business dictionary > suggestion program

  • 2 программа ускорения темпов добычи

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > программа ускорения темпов добычи

  • 3 скорость программирования

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > скорость программирования

  • 4 ritmo

    m.
    1 rhythm, beat.
    esa canción tiene mucho ritmo that song's got a very strong beat o rhythm
    llevaba el ritmo con los pies she was tapping the rhythm o keeping time with her feet
    2 pace.
    acelerar el ritmo to speed up
    la economía está creciendo a un buen ritmo the economy is growing at a healthy pace o rate
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: ritmar.
    * * *
    1 rhythm
    2 figurado pace, speed
    * * *
    noun m.
    2) pace
    * * *
    SM
    1) (Mús) rhythm

    marcar el ritmo: marcaba el ritmo con el pie — he kept time with his foot

    2) (=marcha) pace

    trabaja a ritmo lento — she works slowly, she works at a slow pace

    ritmo de crecimiento, ritmo de expansión — growth rate

    ritmo de vida, el tranquilo ritmo de vida de los pueblos — the quiet pace of life in the villages

    3) frm (=periodicidad) rhythm
    * * *
    1) (cadencia, compás) rhythm

    al ritmo de la música — to the rhythm of the music, in time to the music

    seguir el ritmo — to keep in time, follow the beat

    2) ( velocidad) pace, speed
    * * *
    = pace, rate, rhythm, tempo, pacing, incidence, beat.
    Ex. For a storyteller preparation is like rehearsal for an orchestra; there will be passages that need emphasis, and some that need a slow pace, others that need a quickened tempo, and so on = La preparación de un narrador de cuentos es como el ensayo de una orquesta; habrá pasajes que necesiten énfasis, otros un ritmo lento, otros un ritmo acelerado, etcétera.
    Ex. Whether, in the future, the co-operatives will be able to fund appropriate developments at a sufficiently rapid rate remains an unanswered question.
    Ex. Listening to stories, poems, nursery rhymes, nonsense, while occupied with a loved adult in a comforting activity, acclimatizes the infant to the rhythms of prose and poetry.
    Ex. For a storyteller preparation is like rehearsal for an orchestra; there will be passages that need emphasis, and some that need a slow pace, others that need a quickened tempo, and so on = La preparación de un narrador de cuentos es como el ensayo de una orquesta; habrá pasajes que necesiten énfasis, otros un ritmo lento, otros un ritmo acelerado, etcétera.
    Ex. Computers have unique attributes for individualized, effective instruction, including variable lesson pacing controlled by the patient.
    Ex. The number of entries in pre-co-ordinate system will depend upon the incidence of references and multiple entries.
    Ex. Immediately after the recognition of a cardiac cycle the program calculates mean values over a given time or a given number of beats.
    ----
    * acelerar el ritmo = quicken + the pace, smarten + Posesivo + pace.
    * a este ritmo = at this rate.
    * al propio ritmo de Uno = in + Posesivo + own time, at + Posesivo + own pace.
    * aprender a su propio ritmo = learn at + Posesivo + own pace.
    * a su propio ritmo = at an individual pace.
    * a todo ritmo = in full swing, in full force, in full gear.
    * a un ritmo + Adjetivo = at a + Adjetivo + rate.
    * a un ritmo alarmante = at an alarming pace.
    * a un ritmo asombroso = at an astounding pace.
    * a un ritmo rápido = at a rapid pace.
    * avanzar a un ritmo vertiginoso = proceed + at a blistering pace.
    * buen ritmo de aprendizaje = learning curve.
    * cambiar el ritmo = change + the pace.
    * de ritmo muy acelerado = hard-driving.
    * habla con ritmo y rima = rap-talk.
    * hablar con ritmo y rima = rap about.
    * mantener el ritmo = keep + pace.
    * que uno sigue a su propio ritmo = self-paced, self-guided.
    * ritmo alarmante = staggering rate.
    * ritmo asombroso = staggering rate.
    * ritmo cardíaco = heart rate, pulse beat, pulse.
    * ritmo de aumento = rate of increase.
    * ritmo de desarrollo = pace of development.
    * ritmo del cambio = rate of change, pace of change.
    * ritmo de movimiento de mercancías = turnover rate.
    * ritmo de movimiento de personal = turnover rate.
    * ritmo respiratorio = breathing rate.
    * ritmo vertiginoso = dizzying pace, dizzying speed, staggering rate, blistering pace.
    * seguir el ritmo de Algo o Alguien = keep up with + pace.
    * trabajar al propio ritmo de Uno = work at + Posesivo + own pace.
    * * *
    1) (cadencia, compás) rhythm

    al ritmo de la música — to the rhythm of the music, in time to the music

    seguir el ritmo — to keep in time, follow the beat

    2) ( velocidad) pace, speed
    * * *
    = pace, rate, rhythm, tempo, pacing, incidence, beat.

    Ex: For a storyteller preparation is like rehearsal for an orchestra; there will be passages that need emphasis, and some that need a slow pace, others that need a quickened tempo, and so on = La preparación de un narrador de cuentos es como el ensayo de una orquesta; habrá pasajes que necesiten énfasis, otros un ritmo lento, otros un ritmo acelerado, etcétera.

    Ex: Whether, in the future, the co-operatives will be able to fund appropriate developments at a sufficiently rapid rate remains an unanswered question.
    Ex: Listening to stories, poems, nursery rhymes, nonsense, while occupied with a loved adult in a comforting activity, acclimatizes the infant to the rhythms of prose and poetry.
    Ex: For a storyteller preparation is like rehearsal for an orchestra; there will be passages that need emphasis, and some that need a slow pace, others that need a quickened tempo, and so on = La preparación de un narrador de cuentos es como el ensayo de una orquesta; habrá pasajes que necesiten énfasis, otros un ritmo lento, otros un ritmo acelerado, etcétera.
    Ex: Computers have unique attributes for individualized, effective instruction, including variable lesson pacing controlled by the patient.
    Ex: The number of entries in pre-co-ordinate system will depend upon the incidence of references and multiple entries.
    Ex: Immediately after the recognition of a cardiac cycle the program calculates mean values over a given time or a given number of beats.
    * acelerar el ritmo = quicken + the pace, smarten + Posesivo + pace.
    * a este ritmo = at this rate.
    * al propio ritmo de Uno = in + Posesivo + own time, at + Posesivo + own pace.
    * aprender a su propio ritmo = learn at + Posesivo + own pace.
    * a su propio ritmo = at an individual pace.
    * a todo ritmo = in full swing, in full force, in full gear.
    * a un ritmo + Adjetivo = at a + Adjetivo + rate.
    * a un ritmo alarmante = at an alarming pace.
    * a un ritmo asombroso = at an astounding pace.
    * a un ritmo rápido = at a rapid pace.
    * avanzar a un ritmo vertiginoso = proceed + at a blistering pace.
    * buen ritmo de aprendizaje = learning curve.
    * cambiar el ritmo = change + the pace.
    * de ritmo muy acelerado = hard-driving.
    * habla con ritmo y rima = rap-talk.
    * hablar con ritmo y rima = rap about.
    * mantener el ritmo = keep + pace.
    * que uno sigue a su propio ritmo = self-paced, self-guided.
    * ritmo alarmante = staggering rate.
    * ritmo asombroso = staggering rate.
    * ritmo cardíaco = heart rate, pulse beat, pulse.
    * ritmo de aumento = rate of increase.
    * ritmo de desarrollo = pace of development.
    * ritmo del cambio = rate of change, pace of change.
    * ritmo de movimiento de mercancías = turnover rate.
    * ritmo de movimiento de personal = turnover rate.
    * ritmo respiratorio = breathing rate.
    * ritmo vertiginoso = dizzying pace, dizzying speed, staggering rate, blistering pace.
    * seguir el ritmo de Algo o Alguien = keep up with + pace.
    * trabajar al propio ritmo de Uno = work at + Posesivo + own pace.

    * * *
    A (cadencia, compás) rhythm
    se movía al ritmo de la música she moved to the rhythm of the music, she moved in time to the music
    llevaba el ritmo con los pies/las manos he kept time with his feet/hands
    perdió el ritmo he lost the rhythm, he got out of time
    no sabe seguir el ritmo he can't keep in time o follow the beat
    marcaba el ritmo con la batuta she beat time with her baton
    una canción de ritmo lento a song with a slow beat
    B (velocidad) pace, speed
    mantienen un buen ritmo de trabajo they work at a steady pace o speed
    a este ritmo no terminaremos nunca at this rate we'll never finish
    tendrás que ajustarte a su ritmo de trabajo you'll have to adapt to the pace o speed he works at
    han corrido a buen ritmo they've run at a good speed o pace
    el ritmo de crecimiento de la demanda interior the rate of growth in the home market
    * * *

     

    Del verbo ritmar: ( conjugate ritmar)

    ritmo es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    ritmó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    ritmo sustantivo masculino


    llevaba el ritmo con los pies he kept time with his feet;
    seguir el ritmo to keep in time, follow the beat

    ◊ llevan un buen ritmo de trabajo they work at a steady pace o speed;

    a este ritmo no terminaremos nunca at this rate we'll never finish;
    el ritmo de crecimiento the rate of growth
    ritmo sustantivo masculino
    1 Mús Ling rhythm: no soy capaz de seguir el ritmo, I can't keep time to the music
    2 (marcha) rate: el ritmo de los acontecimientos era vertiginoso, the pace of events was dramatic
    hazlo a tu ritmo, do it at your own pace
    ' ritmo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    compás
    - desenfrenada
    - desenfrenado
    - loquera
    - loquero
    - machacón
    - machacona
    - marcha
    - pegadiza
    - pegadizo
    - romper
    - seguir
    - son
    - agarrar
    - agilizar
    - llevar
    - marcar
    - palma
    - paso
    - perder
    - sabroso
    - sostener
    - tren
    English:
    beat
    - by
    - chop down
    - funky
    - keep up
    - pace
    - rate
    - rhythm
    - sense
    - steadily
    - swing
    - time
    - timing
    - apace
    - ease
    - jazz
    - keep
    - slacken
    - soar
    - tempo
    * * *
    ritmo nm
    1. [compás, repetición] rhythm, beat;
    esa canción tiene mucho ritmo that song's got a very strong beat o rhythm;
    llevaba el ritmo con los pies she was tapping the rhythm o keeping time with her feet
    ritmo cardíaco heartbeat
    2. [velocidad] pace;
    la economía está creciendo a un buen ritmo the economy is growing at a healthy pace o rate;
    llevan un ritmo de trabajo agotador they have a punishing work rate;
    este ritmo de vida me supera this hectic lifestyle's too much for me;
    a este ritmo no vamos a acabar nunca at this rate we're never going to finish;
    acelerar el ritmo to speed up;
    el ciclista francés impuso su ritmo the French cyclist dictated the pace
    * * *
    m
    1 rate, pace;
    a este ritmo at this rate
    2 MÚS rhythm
    * * *
    ritmo nm
    1) : rhythm
    2) : pace, tempo
    trabajó a ritmo lento: she worked at a slow pace
    * * *
    1. (en música) rhythm / beat
    2. (velocidad) rate
    seguir el ritmo to keep time [pt. & pp. kept]

    Spanish-English dictionary > ritmo

  • 5 seguir

    v.
    1 to follow.
    tú ve delante, que yo te sigo you go ahead, I'll follow o I'll go behind
    seguir algo de cerca to follow o monitor something closely (desarrollo, resultados)
    Ellos siguen la caravana They follow the convoy.
    Eso es lo que sigue That is what follows.
    2 to follow.
    me parece que nos siguen I think we're being followed
    3 to continue, to resume.
    Me sigue el dolor My pain persists.
    4 to continue, to go on.
    ¡sigue, no te pares! go o carry on, don't stop!
    aquí se baja él, yo sigo he's getting out here, I'm going on (al taxista)
    sigo trabajando en la fábrica I'm still working at the factory
    debes seguir haciéndolo you should keep on o carry on doing it
    sigo pensando que está mal I still think it's wrong
    sigue enferma/en el hospital she's still ill/in hospital
    ¿qué tal sigue la familia? how's the family getting on o keeping?
    5 to keep on, to go along, to carry on, to continue.
    María se sigue haciendo daño Mary keeps on hurting herself.
    6 to continue to be, to continue being, to keep, to keep being.
    Las chicas siguen testarudas The girls continue to be stubborn.
    7 to obey, to keep.
    Las chicas siguen las reglas The girls obey the rules.
    8 to imitate, to follow.
    Los fanáticos siguen al cantante The fans imitate the singer.
    9 to come afterwards, to come next, to come after, to come along.
    Algo bueno sigue Something good comes afterwards.
    * * *
    (e changes to i in certain persons of certain tenses; gu changes to g before a and o)
    Present Indicative
    sigo, sigues, sigue, seguimos, seguís, siguen.
    Past Indicative
    seguí, seguiste, siguió, seguimos, seguisteis, siguieron.
    Present Subjunctive
    Imperfect Subjunctive
    Future Subjunctive
    Imperative
    sigue (tú), siga (él/Vd.), sigamos (nos.), seguid (vos.), sigan (ellos/Vds.).
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=perseguir) [+ persona, pista] to follow; [+ indicio] to follow up; [+ presa] to chase, pursue

    ella llegó primero, seguida del embajador — she arrived first, followed by the ambassador

    2) (=estar atento a) [+ programa de TV] to watch, follow; [+ programa de radio] to listen to, follow; [+ proceso, progreso] to monitor, follow up; [+ satélite] to track
    3) (=hacer caso de) [+ consejo] to follow, take; [+ instrucciones, doctrina, líder] to follow
    4) [+ rumbo, dirección] to follow

    siga esta calle y al final gire a la derecha — carry on up o follow this street and turn right at the end

    • seguir su curso, el proyecto sigue su curso — the project is still on course, the project continues on (its) course

    5) (=entender) [+ razonamiento] to follow

    ¿me sigues? — are you with me?

    6) (Educ) [+ curso] to take, do
    7) † [+ mujer] to court †
    2. VI
    1) (=continuar) to go on, carry on

    ¿quieres que sigamos? — shall we go on?

    ¡siga! — (=hable) go on!, carry on; LAm (=pase) come in

    ¡síguele! — Méx go on!

    "sigue" — [en carta] P.T.O.; [en libro] continued

    2)

    • seguir adelante — [persona] to go on, carry on; [acontecimiento] to go ahead

    adelante 1)
    3) [en estado, situación] to be still

    ¿cómo sigue? — how is he?

    que siga usted bien — keep well, look after yourself

    • seguimos sin teléfono — we still haven't got a phone

    4)

    • seguir haciendo algo — to go on doing sth, carry on doing sth

    siguió mirándola — he went on o carried on looking at her

    el ordenador seguía funcionando — the computer carried on working, the computer was still working

    5) (=venir a continuación) to follow, follow on

    entre otros ejemplos destacan los que siguen — amongst other examples, the following stand out

    • seguir a algo, las horas que siguieron a la tragedia — the hours following o that followed the tragedy

    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) <persona/vehículo/presa> to follow

    camina muy rápido, no la puedo seguir — she walks very fast, I can't keep up with her

    el que la sigue la consigue — (fam) if at first you don't succeed, try, try again

    2) <camino/ruta>

    siga esta carretera hasta llegar al puente — go along o follow this road as far as the bridge

    3) ( en el tiempo) to follow

    seguir a algo/alguien — to follow something/somebody

    4)
    a) <instrucciones/consejo/flecha> to follow
    b) ( basarse en) <autor/teoría/método/tradición> to follow
    5)
    a) <trámite/procedimiento> to follow
    b) (Educ) < curso> to take

    estoy siguiendo un curso de fotografía — I'm doing o taking a photography course

    6)
    a) <explicaciones/profesor> to follow

    dicta demasiado rápido, no la puedo seguir — she dictates too quickly, I can't keep up

    ¿me siguen? — are you with me?

    no sigo ese programa — I don't watch that program, I'm not following that program

    2.
    seguir vi
    1)
    a) ( por un camino) to go on

    siga derecho or todo recto hasta el final de la calle — keep o go straight on to the end of the street

    seguir de largo — (AmL) to go straight past

    b)
    c) (Col, Ven) ( entrar)

    siga por favor — come in, please

    2) (en lugar, estado)

    ¿tus padres siguen en Ginebra? — are your parents still in Geneva?

    sigue soltera/tan bonita como siempre — she's still single/as pretty as ever

    si las cosas siguen así... — if things carry on like this...

    si sigue así de trabajador, llegará lejos — if he carries on working as hard as this, he'll go a long way

    3)
    a) tareas/buen tiempo/lluvia to continue; rumores to persist
    b)

    seguir + ger: sigo pensando que deberíamos haber ido I still think we ought to have gone; sigue leyendo tú you read now; seguiré haciéndolo a mi manera — I'll go on o carry on doing it my way, I shall continue to do it my way (frml)

    4)
    a) (venir después, estar contiguo)
    b) historia/poema to continue

    ¿cómo sigue la canción? — how does the song go on?

    3.
    seguirse v pron (en 3a pers)

    de esto se sigue que... — it follows from this that...

    * * *
    = accord with, adhere to, chase, conform to, espouse, fit, follow, keep to, observe, pursue, run along, stay, stick to, proceed, overlay, carry on, go ahead, soldier on, succeed, hew to, overlie, keep up, roll on.
    Ex. So while that tracing may have accorded with a rule, it violated common sense.
    Ex. Since BC adheres closely to the educational and scientific consensus, BC found most favour with libraries in educational establishments.
    Ex. Also, in controlled indexing language data bases, there is often an assumption that a user will be prepared to chase strings of references or to consult a sometimes complex thesaurus.
    Ex. These basic permutation rules are modified somewhat to conform to bibliographic requirements.
    Ex. Most respondents espoused the latter view as an appropriate response to IT developments to date.
    Ex. Especially if the new subject is one which upsets the previous structure of relationships, it will be difficult to fit into the existing order.
    Ex. An abstract covers all of the main points made in the original document, and usually follows the style and arrangement of the parent document.
    Ex. Obviously, once a choice of citation order has been made it must be kept to, otherwise, chaos will result.
    Ex. It is worth briefly observing a general approach to the creation of a data base.
    Ex. All effective indexes must have some common facets if only because the audience does not alter merely because the indexer chooses to pursue certain indexing practices.
    Ex. Whevener logical processes of thought are employed - that is, whenever thought for a time runs along an accepted groove - there is an opportunity for the machine.
    Ex. What is possibly less easy is to making sure that the guiding stays clean, neat and accurate.
    Ex. It might be striking to outline the instrumentalities of the future more spectacularly, rather than to stick closely to methods and elements now known.
    Ex. Before we proceed to look at the operators in detail, a couple of examples may help to make the layout clearer.
    Ex. There may be a very flexible communication system that overlays the administrative structure, or there may be a fairly rigid pattern of communication that adheres to the administrative lines of authority.
    Ex. If a child detects that no very strong value is placed on reading then he feels no compulsion to develop his own reading skill beyond the minimal, functional level we all need simply to carry on our daily lives in our print-dominated society.
    Ex. A plan for the construction and implementation phases will be drawn up, if it is decided to go ahead = Si se decide continuar, se elaborará un plan para las fases de construcción y puesta en práctica.
    Ex. Russell soldiered on in 'Principles of Mathematics', he pleaded a distinction between analysis by way of philosophical definitions and analysis by way of mathematical definitions.
    Ex. In 1964 he was promoted to Associate Director of the Processing Department where he succeeded John Cronin as Director four years later.
    Ex. The structure adopted hews to the theoretical model of the resilient organization as described by Enright.
    Ex. The disputes between islanders and outsiders overlie the deeper problem of administrative denial of indigenous lagoon rights.
    Ex. He was told to ' keep up whatever it is he was doing' because he was doing great!.
    Ex. But to make matters worse, and as the drought rolls on, it is very likely that it won't rain again until October or November.
    ----
    * camino a seguir, el = way forward, the.
    * como siga así = at this rate.
    * como sigue = as follows.
    * debate + seguir = debate + rage.
    * difícil de seguir = heavy going.
    * el camino a seguir = the way ahead, the way to go.
    * hay que seguir adelante = the show must go on.
    * indicar el camino a seguir = point + the way forward.
    * indicar el camino a seguir para = point + the way to.
    * las cosas siguen igual = business as usual.
    * la vida + seguir = life + go on.
    * modelos a seguir = lessons learned [lessons learnt].
    * mostrar el camino a seguir = point + the way forward.
    * no saber cómo seguir = be stuck, get + stuck.
    * no seguir una norma = fall (far) short of + norm.
    * pautas a seguir = best practices, lessons learned [lessons learnt].
    * pendiente de seguir la última moda = fashion-conscious.
    * procedimiento a seguir = code of practice.
    * que sigue = ensuing.
    * que sigue una norma = compliant (with).
    * que uno sigue a su propio ritmo = self-paced, self-guided.
    * resignarse y seguir adelante = bite + the bullet.
    * seguir activo = remain + in being, remain + in place.
    * seguir adelante = go forward, forge + ahead, forge + forward, go ahead, go straight ahead, carry through, move along, move forward, press forward (with), move + forward, continue on + Posesivo + way, move on.
    * seguir adelante con = go ahead with, stick with.
    * seguir a flote = stay in + business, stay + afloat.
    * seguir al día = remain on top of.
    * seguir Algo al pie de la letra = follow + Nombre + to the letter.
    * seguir Algo a rajatabla = follow + Nombre + to the letter.
    * seguir al pie de la letra = keep + strictly to the letter.
    * seguir al pie del cañón = soldier on.
    * seguir a rajatabla = keep + strictly to the letter.
    * seguir así = keep + it up, keep up + the good work, keep up + the great work.
    * seguir avanzando = forge + ahead, forge + forward.
    * seguir caminando = continue on + Posesivo + way.
    * seguir como antes = go on + as before.
    * seguir como modelo = pattern.
    * seguir con = go on with, maintain + continuity, maintain + momentum, stick at.
    * seguir con Algo = take + Nombre + further.
    * seguir con el buen hacer = keep up + the good work, keep up + the great work.
    * seguir con el control = stay in + control.
    * seguir con el mando = stay in + control.
    * seguir con + Posesivo + vida normal = get on with + Posesivo + life.
    * seguir considerando = consider + further.
    * seguir de cerca = monitor, stay in + control, keep + track of.
    * seguir desarrollando = develop + further.
    * seguir el buen camino = keep on + the right track, keep on + the straight and narrow.
    * seguir el camino de la verdad = keep on + the straight and narrow.
    * seguir el camino más ético = take + the high ground, take + the high road.
    * seguir el debate = follow + the thread.
    * seguir el ejemplo = follow + the lead, take after.
    * seguir el ejemplo de = take + Posesivo + cue from, take + a cue from.
    * seguir el ejemplo de Alguien = take + a leaf out of + Posesivo + book, follow + Posesivo + example.
    * seguir el hilo = follow + the thread.
    * seguir el ritmo de Algo o Alguien = keep up with + pace.
    * seguir en contacto = stay + tuned.
    * seguir en contacto (con) = stay in + touch (with), keep in + touch (with).
    * seguir en existencia = remain + in being.
    * seguir en la brecha = soldier on.
    * seguir en pie = hold + Posesivo + own, hold up.
    * seguir entre los primeros = remain on top.
    * seguir enviando + Nombre = keep + Nombre + coming.
    * seguir este camino = go along + this road.
    * seguir este rumbo = proceed + along this way.
    * seguir + Gerundio = keep on + Gerundio.
    * seguir haciéndolo así = keep up + the good work.
    * seguir haciéndolo bien = keep up + the good work.
    * seguir haciendo lo mismo = business as usual.
    * seguir igual = be none the worse for wear.
    * seguir inmediatamente = fast on the heels of, on the heels of.
    * seguir inmediatamente a = come on + the heels of.
    * seguir irreconciliable con = remain + unreconciled to.
    * seguir la conversación = follow + the thread.
    * seguir la corazonada de uno = play + Posesivo + hunches.
    * seguir la corriente = go with + the flow, go along with + the flow.
    * seguir la iniciativa = follow + the lead.
    * seguir la marcha de = monitor.
    * seguir la moda = catch + the fever.
    * seguir la pista = follow up, track, follow through, shadow, track down.
    * seguir la pista a un documento = chase + item.
    * seguir la pista de = keep + track of.
    * seguir la trayectoria = follow up, follow through.
    * seguirle el juego a, seguirle la corriente a = play along with.
    * seguirle la corriente a = play along with.
    * seguir levantado = stay up.
    * seguir líneas diferentes = be on different lines.
    * seguir lo mismo = remain + the same.
    * seguir los pasos de = follow in + the footsteps of.
    * seguir malgastando el dinero = throw + good money after bad.
    * seguir opuesto a = remain + unreconciled to.
    * seguir por delante de = keep + one step ahead of.
    * seguir por el buen camino = keep out of + trouble, keep on + the right track.
    * seguir + Posesivo + pasos = follow in + Posesivo + footsteps.
    * seguir progresando = forge + ahead, forge + forward.
    * seguirse = ensue.
    * seguir siendo = remain.
    * seguir siendo + Adjetivo = remain + Adjetivo.
    * seguir siendo lo mismo = remain + the same.
    * seguir sin agraciarse con = remain + unreconciled to.
    * seguir sin haberse traducido = remain + untranslated.
    * seguir sin reconciliarse con = remain + unreconciled to.
    * seguir sin traducirse = remain + untranslated.
    * seguir tirando el dinero = throw + good money after bad.
    * seguir trabajando aceptando una limitación = work (a)round + shortcoming, work (a)round + limitation, work (a)round + constraints.
    * seguir trabajando así = keep up + the good work.
    * seguir trabajando bien = keep up + the good work.
    * seguir tratando = discuss + further.
    * seguir una dirección = follow + path, take + path.
    * seguir una escala = fall along + a continuum.
    * seguir una estrategia = take + tack.
    * seguir una filosofía = espouse + philosophy.
    * seguir una metodología = adopt + approach.
    * seguir una práctica = adopt + practice.
    * seguir una táctica = take + tack.
    * seguir una trayectoria = follow + track.
    * seguir un camino = take + path, take + direction, tread + path, walk + path.
    * seguir un camino diferente = strike out on + a different path.
    * seguir un consejo = take + advice.
    * seguir un curso de acción = follow + track.
    * seguir un método = take + approach.
    * seguir un modelo = embrace + model, conform to + image.
    * seguir unos pasos = follow + steps.
    * seguir un patrón = conform to + image.
    * seguir un principio = adopt + convention.
    * seguir un rumbo diferente = take + a different turn.
    * seguir + Verbo = still + Verbo.
    * seguir vigente = hold + Posesivo + own.
    * seguir viviendo = live on.
    * seguir vivo = live on, stay + alive.
    * siguiendo = along.
    * siguiendo un estilo indicativo = indicatively.
    * si sigue así = at this rate.
    * si todo sigue igual = all (other) things being equal.
    * tiempo + seguir su marcha inexorable = time + march on.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) <persona/vehículo/presa> to follow

    camina muy rápido, no la puedo seguir — she walks very fast, I can't keep up with her

    el que la sigue la consigue — (fam) if at first you don't succeed, try, try again

    2) <camino/ruta>

    siga esta carretera hasta llegar al puente — go along o follow this road as far as the bridge

    3) ( en el tiempo) to follow

    seguir a algo/alguien — to follow something/somebody

    4)
    a) <instrucciones/consejo/flecha> to follow
    b) ( basarse en) <autor/teoría/método/tradición> to follow
    5)
    a) <trámite/procedimiento> to follow
    b) (Educ) < curso> to take

    estoy siguiendo un curso de fotografía — I'm doing o taking a photography course

    6)
    a) <explicaciones/profesor> to follow

    dicta demasiado rápido, no la puedo seguir — she dictates too quickly, I can't keep up

    ¿me siguen? — are you with me?

    no sigo ese programa — I don't watch that program, I'm not following that program

    2.
    seguir vi
    1)
    a) ( por un camino) to go on

    siga derecho or todo recto hasta el final de la calle — keep o go straight on to the end of the street

    seguir de largo — (AmL) to go straight past

    b)
    c) (Col, Ven) ( entrar)

    siga por favor — come in, please

    2) (en lugar, estado)

    ¿tus padres siguen en Ginebra? — are your parents still in Geneva?

    sigue soltera/tan bonita como siempre — she's still single/as pretty as ever

    si las cosas siguen así... — if things carry on like this...

    si sigue así de trabajador, llegará lejos — if he carries on working as hard as this, he'll go a long way

    3)
    a) tareas/buen tiempo/lluvia to continue; rumores to persist
    b)

    seguir + ger: sigo pensando que deberíamos haber ido I still think we ought to have gone; sigue leyendo tú you read now; seguiré haciéndolo a mi manera — I'll go on o carry on doing it my way, I shall continue to do it my way (frml)

    4)
    a) (venir después, estar contiguo)
    b) historia/poema to continue

    ¿cómo sigue la canción? — how does the song go on?

    3.
    seguirse v pron (en 3a pers)

    de esto se sigue que... — it follows from this that...

    * * *
    = accord with, adhere to, chase, conform to, espouse, fit, follow, keep to, observe, pursue, run along, stay, stick to, proceed, overlay, carry on, go ahead, soldier on, succeed, hew to, overlie, keep up, roll on.

    Ex: So while that tracing may have accorded with a rule, it violated common sense.

    Ex: Since BC adheres closely to the educational and scientific consensus, BC found most favour with libraries in educational establishments.
    Ex: Also, in controlled indexing language data bases, there is often an assumption that a user will be prepared to chase strings of references or to consult a sometimes complex thesaurus.
    Ex: These basic permutation rules are modified somewhat to conform to bibliographic requirements.
    Ex: Most respondents espoused the latter view as an appropriate response to IT developments to date.
    Ex: Especially if the new subject is one which upsets the previous structure of relationships, it will be difficult to fit into the existing order.
    Ex: An abstract covers all of the main points made in the original document, and usually follows the style and arrangement of the parent document.
    Ex: Obviously, once a choice of citation order has been made it must be kept to, otherwise, chaos will result.
    Ex: It is worth briefly observing a general approach to the creation of a data base.
    Ex: All effective indexes must have some common facets if only because the audience does not alter merely because the indexer chooses to pursue certain indexing practices.
    Ex: Whevener logical processes of thought are employed - that is, whenever thought for a time runs along an accepted groove - there is an opportunity for the machine.
    Ex: What is possibly less easy is to making sure that the guiding stays clean, neat and accurate.
    Ex: It might be striking to outline the instrumentalities of the future more spectacularly, rather than to stick closely to methods and elements now known.
    Ex: Before we proceed to look at the operators in detail, a couple of examples may help to make the layout clearer.
    Ex: There may be a very flexible communication system that overlays the administrative structure, or there may be a fairly rigid pattern of communication that adheres to the administrative lines of authority.
    Ex: If a child detects that no very strong value is placed on reading then he feels no compulsion to develop his own reading skill beyond the minimal, functional level we all need simply to carry on our daily lives in our print-dominated society.
    Ex: A plan for the construction and implementation phases will be drawn up, if it is decided to go ahead = Si se decide continuar, se elaborará un plan para las fases de construcción y puesta en práctica.
    Ex: Russell soldiered on in 'Principles of Mathematics', he pleaded a distinction between analysis by way of philosophical definitions and analysis by way of mathematical definitions.
    Ex: In 1964 he was promoted to Associate Director of the Processing Department where he succeeded John Cronin as Director four years later.
    Ex: The structure adopted hews to the theoretical model of the resilient organization as described by Enright.
    Ex: The disputes between islanders and outsiders overlie the deeper problem of administrative denial of indigenous lagoon rights.
    Ex: He was told to ' keep up whatever it is he was doing' because he was doing great!.
    Ex: But to make matters worse, and as the drought rolls on, it is very likely that it won't rain again until October or November.
    * camino a seguir, el = way forward, the.
    * como siga así = at this rate.
    * como sigue = as follows.
    * debate + seguir = debate + rage.
    * difícil de seguir = heavy going.
    * el camino a seguir = the way ahead, the way to go.
    * hay que seguir adelante = the show must go on.
    * indicar el camino a seguir = point + the way forward.
    * indicar el camino a seguir para = point + the way to.
    * las cosas siguen igual = business as usual.
    * la vida + seguir = life + go on.
    * modelos a seguir = lessons learned [lessons learnt].
    * mostrar el camino a seguir = point + the way forward.
    * no saber cómo seguir = be stuck, get + stuck.
    * no seguir una norma = fall (far) short of + norm.
    * pautas a seguir = best practices, lessons learned [lessons learnt].
    * pendiente de seguir la última moda = fashion-conscious.
    * procedimiento a seguir = code of practice.
    * que sigue = ensuing.
    * que sigue una norma = compliant (with).
    * que uno sigue a su propio ritmo = self-paced, self-guided.
    * resignarse y seguir adelante = bite + the bullet.
    * seguir activo = remain + in being, remain + in place.
    * seguir adelante = go forward, forge + ahead, forge + forward, go ahead, go straight ahead, carry through, move along, move forward, press forward (with), move + forward, continue on + Posesivo + way, move on.
    * seguir adelante con = go ahead with, stick with.
    * seguir a flote = stay in + business, stay + afloat.
    * seguir al día = remain on top of.
    * seguir Algo al pie de la letra = follow + Nombre + to the letter.
    * seguir Algo a rajatabla = follow + Nombre + to the letter.
    * seguir al pie de la letra = keep + strictly to the letter.
    * seguir al pie del cañón = soldier on.
    * seguir a rajatabla = keep + strictly to the letter.
    * seguir así = keep + it up, keep up + the good work, keep up + the great work.
    * seguir avanzando = forge + ahead, forge + forward.
    * seguir caminando = continue on + Posesivo + way.
    * seguir como antes = go on + as before.
    * seguir como modelo = pattern.
    * seguir con = go on with, maintain + continuity, maintain + momentum, stick at.
    * seguir con Algo = take + Nombre + further.
    * seguir con el buen hacer = keep up + the good work, keep up + the great work.
    * seguir con el control = stay in + control.
    * seguir con el mando = stay in + control.
    * seguir con + Posesivo + vida normal = get on with + Posesivo + life.
    * seguir considerando = consider + further.
    * seguir de cerca = monitor, stay in + control, keep + track of.
    * seguir desarrollando = develop + further.
    * seguir el buen camino = keep on + the right track, keep on + the straight and narrow.
    * seguir el camino de la verdad = keep on + the straight and narrow.
    * seguir el camino más ético = take + the high ground, take + the high road.
    * seguir el debate = follow + the thread.
    * seguir el ejemplo = follow + the lead, take after.
    * seguir el ejemplo de = take + Posesivo + cue from, take + a cue from.
    * seguir el ejemplo de Alguien = take + a leaf out of + Posesivo + book, follow + Posesivo + example.
    * seguir el hilo = follow + the thread.
    * seguir el ritmo de Algo o Alguien = keep up with + pace.
    * seguir en contacto = stay + tuned.
    * seguir en contacto (con) = stay in + touch (with), keep in + touch (with).
    * seguir en existencia = remain + in being.
    * seguir en la brecha = soldier on.
    * seguir en pie = hold + Posesivo + own, hold up.
    * seguir entre los primeros = remain on top.
    * seguir enviando + Nombre = keep + Nombre + coming.
    * seguir este camino = go along + this road.
    * seguir este rumbo = proceed + along this way.
    * seguir + Gerundio = keep on + Gerundio.
    * seguir haciéndolo así = keep up + the good work.
    * seguir haciéndolo bien = keep up + the good work.
    * seguir haciendo lo mismo = business as usual.
    * seguir igual = be none the worse for wear.
    * seguir inmediatamente = fast on the heels of, on the heels of.
    * seguir inmediatamente a = come on + the heels of.
    * seguir irreconciliable con = remain + unreconciled to.
    * seguir la conversación = follow + the thread.
    * seguir la corazonada de uno = play + Posesivo + hunches.
    * seguir la corriente = go with + the flow, go along with + the flow.
    * seguir la iniciativa = follow + the lead.
    * seguir la marcha de = monitor.
    * seguir la moda = catch + the fever.
    * seguir la pista = follow up, track, follow through, shadow, track down.
    * seguir la pista a un documento = chase + item.
    * seguir la pista de = keep + track of.
    * seguir la trayectoria = follow up, follow through.
    * seguirle el juego a, seguirle la corriente a = play along with.
    * seguirle la corriente a = play along with.
    * seguir levantado = stay up.
    * seguir líneas diferentes = be on different lines.
    * seguir lo mismo = remain + the same.
    * seguir los pasos de = follow in + the footsteps of.
    * seguir malgastando el dinero = throw + good money after bad.
    * seguir opuesto a = remain + unreconciled to.
    * seguir por delante de = keep + one step ahead of.
    * seguir por el buen camino = keep out of + trouble, keep on + the right track.
    * seguir + Posesivo + pasos = follow in + Posesivo + footsteps.
    * seguir progresando = forge + ahead, forge + forward.
    * seguirse = ensue.
    * seguir siendo = remain.
    * seguir siendo + Adjetivo = remain + Adjetivo.
    * seguir siendo lo mismo = remain + the same.
    * seguir sin agraciarse con = remain + unreconciled to.
    * seguir sin haberse traducido = remain + untranslated.
    * seguir sin reconciliarse con = remain + unreconciled to.
    * seguir sin traducirse = remain + untranslated.
    * seguir tirando el dinero = throw + good money after bad.
    * seguir trabajando aceptando una limitación = work (a)round + shortcoming, work (a)round + limitation, work (a)round + constraints.
    * seguir trabajando así = keep up + the good work.
    * seguir trabajando bien = keep up + the good work.
    * seguir tratando = discuss + further.
    * seguir una dirección = follow + path, take + path.
    * seguir una escala = fall along + a continuum.
    * seguir una estrategia = take + tack.
    * seguir una filosofía = espouse + philosophy.
    * seguir una metodología = adopt + approach.
    * seguir una práctica = adopt + practice.
    * seguir una táctica = take + tack.
    * seguir una trayectoria = follow + track.
    * seguir un camino = take + path, take + direction, tread + path, walk + path.
    * seguir un camino diferente = strike out on + a different path.
    * seguir un consejo = take + advice.
    * seguir un curso de acción = follow + track.
    * seguir un método = take + approach.
    * seguir un modelo = embrace + model, conform to + image.
    * seguir unos pasos = follow + steps.
    * seguir un patrón = conform to + image.
    * seguir un principio = adopt + convention.
    * seguir un rumbo diferente = take + a different turn.
    * seguir + Verbo = still + Verbo.
    * seguir vigente = hold + Posesivo + own.
    * seguir viviendo = live on.
    * seguir vivo = live on, stay + alive.
    * siguiendo = along.
    * siguiendo un estilo indicativo = indicatively.
    * si sigue así = at this rate.
    * si todo sigue igual = all (other) things being equal.
    * tiempo + seguir su marcha inexorable = time + march on.

    * * *
    seguir [ I30 ]
    vt
    A ‹persona/vehículo› to follow; ‹presa› to follow
    sígame, por favor follow me, please
    la hizo seguir por un detective he had her followed by a detective
    camina muy rápido, no la puedo seguir she walks very fast, I can't keep up with her
    siga (a) ese coche follow that car!
    creo que nos están siguiendo I think we're being followed
    la siguió con la mirada he followed her with his eyes
    le venían siguiendo los movimientos desde hacía meses they had been watching his movements for months
    seguidos cada vez más de cerca por los japoneses with the Japanese catching up o gaining on them all the time
    la mala suerte la seguía a todas partes she was dogged by bad luck wherever she went
    el que la sigue la consigue or la mata ( fam); if at first you don't succeed, try, try again
    B ‹camino/ruta›
    siga esta carretera hasta llegar al puente go along o take o follow this road as far as the bridge
    continuamos el viaje siguiendo la costa we continued our journey following the coast
    me paré a saludarla y seguí mi camino I stopped to say hello to her and went on my way
    si se sigue este camino se pasa por Capileira if you take this route you go through Capileira
    seguimos las huellas del animal hasta el río we tracked the animal to the river
    la enfermedad sigue su curso normal the illness is taking o running its normal course
    el tour sigue la ruta de Bolívar the tour follows the route taken by Bolivar
    siguiéndole los pasos al hermano mayor, decidió estudiar medicina following in his elder brother's footsteps, he decided to study medicine
    C (en el tiempo) to follow seguir A algo/algn to follow sth/sb
    los disturbios que siguieron a la manifestación the disturbances that followed the demonstration
    el hermano que me sigue está en Asunción the brother who comes after me is in Asunción
    D
    1 ‹instrucciones/consejo› to follow
    tienes que seguir el dictamen de tu conciencia you must be guided by your conscience
    2 (basarse en) ‹autor/teoría/método› to follow
    en su clasificación sigue a Sheldon he follows Sheldon in his classification
    sus esculturas siguen el modelo clásico her sculptures are in the classical style
    sigue a Kant she's a follower of Kant's philosophy
    sigue las líneas establecidas por nuestro fundador it follows the lines laid down by our founder
    E
    1 ‹trámite/procedimiento› to follow
    va a tener que seguir un tratamiento especial/una dieta hipocalórica you will have to undergo special treatment/follow a low-calorie diet
    se seguirá contra usted el procedimiento de suspensión del permiso de conducción steps will be taken leading to the withdrawal of your driver's license
    2 ( Educ) ‹curso› to take
    estoy siguiendo un cursillo de fotografía I'm doing o taking a short photography course
    ¿qué carrera piensas seguir? what are you thinking of studying o reading?
    F
    1 ‹explicaciones/profesor› to follow
    dicta demasiado rápido, no la puedo seguir she dictates too quickly, I can't keep up
    me cuesta seguir una conversación en francés I find it hard to follow a conversation in French
    ¿me siguen? are you with me?
    2
    (permanecer atento a): no sigo ese programa I don't watch that program, I'm not following that program
    sigue atentamente el curso de los acontecimientos he's following the course of events very closely
    sigue paso a paso la vida de su ídolo she keeps track of every detail of her idol's life
    seguimos muy de cerca su desarrollo we are keeping careful track of its development, we are following its development very closely
    ■ seguir
    vi
    A
    1 (por un camino) to go on
    siga derecho or todo recto hasta el final de la calle keep o go straight on to the end of the street
    sigue por esta calle hasta el semáforo go on down this street as far as the traffic lights
    el tren sigue hasta Salto the train goes on to Salto
    desde allí hay que seguir a pie/en mula from there you have to go on on foot/by mule
    2
    seguir adelante: ¿entienden? bien, entonces sigamos adelante do you understand? good, then let's carry on
    llueve ¿regresamos? — no, sigamos adelante it's raining, shall we go back? — no, let's go on o carry on
    resolvieron seguir adelante con los planes they decided to go ahead with their plans
    3
    ( Col) (entrar): siga por favor come in, please
    B
    (en un lugar, un estado): ¿tus padres siguen en Ginebra? are your parents still in Geneva?
    espero que sigan todos bien I hope you're all keeping well
    ¿sigues con la idea de mudarte? do you still intend to move?, are you still thinking of moving?
    sigo sin entender I still don't understand
    sigue soltera/tan bonita como siempre she's still single/as pretty as ever
    si sigue así de trabajador, llegará lejos if he carries on working as hard as this, he'll go a long way
    C
    1
    «tareas/investigaciones/rumores»: siguen las investigaciones en torno al crimen investigations are continuing into the crime
    sigue el buen tiempo en todo el país the good weather is continuing throughout the country, the whole country is still enjoying good weather
    si siguen estos rumores if these rumors persist
    2 seguir + GER:
    sigo pensando que deberíamos haber ido I still think we ought to have gone
    sigue leyendo tú, Elsa you read now, Elsa
    si sigues molestando te voy a echar if you carry on being a nuisance, I'm going to send you out
    seguiré haciéndolo a mi manera I'll go on o carry on doing it my way, I shall continue to do it my way ( frml)
    D
    1
    (venir después, estar contiguo): lee lo que sigue read what follows, read what comes next
    el capítulo que sigue the next chapter
    me bajo en la parada que sigue I get off at the next stop
    sigue una hora de música clásica there follows an hour of classical music
    2 «historia/poema» to continue
    ¿cómo sigue la canción? how does the song go on?
    [ S ] sigue en la página 8 continued on page 8
    la lista definitiva ha quedado como sigue the final list is as follows
    ( en tercera persona) seguirse DE algo to follow FROM sth
    de esto se sigue que su muerte no fue accidental it follows from this that her death was not accidental
    * * *

     

    seguir ( conjugate seguir) verbo transitivo
    1 ‹persona/vehículo/presa› to follow;
    ◊ camina muy rápido, no la puedo seguir she walks very fast, I can't keep up with her

    2 ‹camino/ruta› to follow, go along;
    ◊ siga esta carretera hasta llegar al puente go along o follow this road as far as the bridge;

    la saludé y seguí mi camino I said hello to her and went on (my way);
    la enfermedad sigue su curso normal the illness is running its normal course
    3
    a) ‹instrucciones/consejo/flecha› to follow

    b) ‹autor/método/tradición/moda› to follow;


    4
    a) ‹trámite/procedimiento› to follow;

    ‹ tratamiento› to undergo
    b) (Educ) ‹ curso› to do, take

    5 ‹explicaciones/profesor› to follow;
    ◊ dicta demasiado rápido, no la puedo seguir she dictates too quickly, I can't keep up

    verbo intransitivo
    1

    siga derecho or todo recto keep o go straight on;

    seguir de largo (AmL) to go straight past
    b)


    resolvieron seguir adelante con los planes they decided to go ahead with their plans
    c) (Col, Ven) ( entrar):

    ◊ siga por favor come in, please

    2 (en lugar, estado):
    ◊ ¿tus padres siguen en Ginebra? are your parents still in Geneva?;

    espero que sigan todos bien I hope you're all keeping well;
    sigue soltera she's still single;
    si las cosas siguen así … if things carry on like this …
    3 [tareas/buen tiempo/lluvia] to continue;
    [ rumores] to persist;

    seguiré haciéndolo a mi manera I'll go on o carry on doing it my way
    4


    el capítulo que sigue the next chapter
    b) [historia/poema] to continue, go on

    seguir
    I verbo transitivo
    1 to follow: ésta es la hermana que me sigue, she's the sister who comes after me
    me sigue a todas partes, he follows me wherever I go
    me seguía con la mirada, his eyes followed me
    2 (comprender) to understand, follow: no soy capaz de seguir el argumento, I can't follow the plot
    3 (una ruta, un camino, consejo) to follow
    4 (el ritmo, la moda) to keep: no sigues el ritmo, you aren't keeping time
    5 (el rastro, las huellas) to track
    6 (una actividad) sigue un curso de informática, she's doing a computer course
    II verbo intransitivo
    1 (continuar) to keep (on), go on: seguiremos mañana, we'll continue tomorrow
    siguen casados, they are still married
    sigue tirando de la cuerda, keep (on) pulling at the rope ➣ Ver nota en continue y keep 2 (extenderse, llegar hasta) to stretch (out): los sembrados siguen hasta la ribera, the fields stretch down to the river-bank
    ' seguir' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    atorarse
    - continuar
    - escala
    - golpe
    - impulsar
    - juego
    - profesar
    - rastrear
    - ritmo
    - sino
    - suceder
    - trece
    - adelante
    - bordear
    - camino
    - cauce
    - cerca
    - línea
    - llevar
    - moda
    - paso
    - perro
    - racha
    - separar
    - siga
    - sigo
    - trazar
    - ver
    English:
    act on
    - advice
    - along
    - carry on
    - closely
    - continue
    - despite
    - ensue
    - fight on
    - follow
    - follow up
    - forge
    - get on
    - go ahead
    - go on
    - go through with
    - hope
    - hotly
    - keep
    - keep on
    - lead
    - march on
    - monitor
    - move on
    - obey
    - pick up
    - play on
    - play upon
    - practice
    - practise
    - press ahead
    - proceed
    - pursue
    - push ahead
    - push on
    - rattle on
    - reasoning
    - run on
    - send on
    - shadow
    - soldier on
    - stalk
    - stand
    - stay out
    - struggle on
    - succeed
    - tail
    - take
    - track
    - trail
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [ir detrás de, tomar la ruta de] to follow;
    tú ve delante, que yo te sigo you go ahead, I'll follow o I'll go behind;
    síganme, por favor follow me, please;
    la generación que nos sigue o [m5] que sigue a la nuestra the next generation, the generation after us;
    sigue este sendero hasta llegar a un bosque follow this path until you come to a forest;
    seguir el rastro de alguien/algo to follow sb's/sth's tracks;
    siga la flecha [en letrero] follow the arrow
    2. [perseguir] to follow;
    me parece que nos siguen I think we're being followed;
    parece que le siguen los problemas trouble seems to follow him around wherever he goes;
    el que la sigue la consigue where there's a will there's a way
    3. [estar atento a, imitar, obedecer] to follow;
    seguían con la vista la trayectoria de la bola they followed the ball with their eyes;
    no seguimos ese programa we don't follow that programme;
    seguir algo de cerca [su desarrollo, sus resultados] to follow o monitor sth closely;
    siempre sigue los dictámenes de la moda she always follows the latest fashion;
    los que siguen a Keynes followers of Keynes;
    el cuadro sigue una línea clásica the painting is classical in style;
    seguir las órdenes/instrucciones de alguien to follow sb's orders/instructions;
    sigue mi consejo y habla con ella take my advice and talk to her;
    siguiendo sus indicaciones, hemos cancelado el pedido we have cancelled the order as instructed
    4. [reanudar, continuar] to continue, to resume;
    yo seguí mi trabajo/camino I continued with my work/on my way;
    él siguió su discurso he continued o resumed his speech
    5. [comprender] [explicación, profesor, conferenciante] to follow;
    me costaba seguirle I found her hard to follow;
    ¿me sigues? do you follow?, are you with me?
    6. [mantener, someterse a] to follow;
    hay que seguir un cierto orden you have to follow o do things in a certain order;
    seguiremos el procedimiento habitual we will follow the usual procedure;
    es difícil seguirle (el ritmo), va muy deprisa it's hard to keep up with him, he goes very quickly;
    los aspirantes elegidos seguirán un proceso de formación the chosen candidates will receive o undergo training
    7. [cursar]
    sigue un curso de italiano he's doing an Italian course;
    sigue la carrera de medicina she's studying medicine
    ♦ vi
    1. [proseguir, no detenerse] to continue, to go on;
    ¡sigue, no te pares! go o carry on, don't stop!;
    aquí se baja él, yo sigo [al taxista] he's getting out here, I'm going on;
    siga con su trabajo carry on with your work;
    el sendero sigue hasta la cima the path continues o carries on to the top;
    "sigue la crisis en la bolsa de Tokio" Tokyo stock market crisis continues;
    debes seguir haciéndolo you should keep on o carry on doing it;
    ¿vas a seguir intentándolo? are you going to keep trying?;
    se seguían viendo de vez en cuando they still saw each other from time to time, they continued to see each other from time to time;
    seguir adelante (con algo) [con planes, proyectos] to go ahead (with sth)
    2. [mantenerse, permanecer]
    sigue enferma/en el hospital she's still ill/in hospital;
    ¿qué tal sigue la familia? how's the family getting on o keeping?;
    todo sigue igual everything's still the same, nothing has changed;
    sigue el buen tiempo en el sur del país the good weather in the south of the country is continuing;
    sigo trabajando en la fábrica I'm still working at the factory;
    ¿la sigues queriendo? do you still love her?;
    sigo pensando que está mal I still think it's wrong;
    sigue habiendo dudas sobre… doubts remain about…;
    ¡buen trabajo, sigue así! good work, keep it up!;
    si seguimos jugando así, ganaremos la liga if we carry on o keep playing like that, we'll win the league;
    Fam
    a seguir bien [como despedida] take care, look after yourself;
    de seguir así las cosas, si las cosas siguen así if things go on like this, the way things are going
    3. [tomar un camino]
    el resto siguió por otro camino the rest went another way;
    seguiremos hacia el este we'll go east then;
    siga todo recto go straight on;
    siga hasta el siguiente semáforo carry on till you get to the next set of traffic lights
    4. [sucederse, ir después] to follow;
    lo que sigue es una cita del Corán the following is a quotation from the Koran;
    seguir a algo to follow sth;
    la lluvia siguió a los truenos the thunder was followed by rain;
    ¿cómo sigue el chiste? how does the joke go on o continue?;
    el proceso de selección se realizará como sigue:… the selection process will be carried out as follows:…;
    sigue en la página 20 [en periódico, libro] continued on page 20
    5. Col [para dar permiso] please do;
    con permiso, ¿puedo entrar? – siga excuse me, can I come in? – please do
    * * *
    I v/t
    1 consejo, camino, moda etc follow;
    seguir a alguien follow s.o.
    :
    seguir fiel a alguien remain faithful to s.o.
    II v/i continue, carry on;
    seguir con algo continue with sth, carry on with sth;
    seguir haciendo algo go on doing sth, continue to do sth;
    sigue cometiendo los mismos errores he keeps on making the same mistakes;
    sigue enfadado conmigo he’s still angry with me;
    ¡a seguir bien! take care!, take it easy!
    * * *
    seguir {75} vt
    1) : to follow
    el sol sigue la lluvia: sunshine follows the rain
    seguiré tu consejo: I'll follow your advice
    me siguieron con la mirada: they followed me with their eyes
    2) : to go along, to keep on
    seguimos toda la carretera panamericana: we continued along the PanAmerican Highway
    siguió hablando: he kept on talking
    seguir el curso: to stay on course
    3) : to take (a course, a treatment)
    seguir vi
    1) : to go on, to keep going
    sigue adelante: keep going, carry on
    2) : to remain, to continue to be
    ¿todavía sigues aquí?: you're still here?
    sigue con vida: she's still alive
    3) : to follow, to come after
    la frase que sigue: the following sentence
    * * *
    seguir vb
    1. (en general) to follow
    3. (recorrer) to go on
    ¡sigue! No te pares go on! Don't stop!
    4. (continuar) to be still

    Spanish-English dictionary > seguir

  • 6 línea

    f.
    1 line, tracing.
    2 trajectory.
    3 product line, line of production.
    * * *
    1 (gen) line
    2 (tipo) figure
    \
    de primera línea first-class, first-rate
    guardar la línea to keep one's figure
    línea aérea airline
    línea continua solid line, unbroken line
    línea de meta finishing line
    línea de puntos dotted line
    línea de salida starting line
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    1. SF
    1) (=raya) line

    en línea — (=alineado) in (a) line, in a row

    tirar una línea — (Arte) to draw a line

    en toda la línea — [ganar, vencer] outright; [derrotar] totally

    línea de base — (Agrimensura) base-line

    línea de flotación — (Náut) water line

    línea de montaje — assembly line, production line

    línea discontinua — (Aut) broken line

    2) [en un escrito] line
    3) (Com) (=género, gama) line

    es único en su línea — it is unique in its line, it is the only one of its kind

    de primera línea — first-rate, top-ranking

    4) (Elec) line, cable
    5) (Telec) line

    han cortado la línea — I've o we've been cut off

    línea de socorro — helpline, telephone helpline

    línea (telefónica) de ayuda — helpline, telephone helpline

    6) (Mil) line

    de línea — regular, front-line

    línea de batalla — line of battle, battle line

    7) (Aer, Ferro)

    autobús de línea — service bus, regular bus

    línea férrea — railway, railroad (EEUU)

    8) (Dep) line

    línea de banda — sideline, touchline

    línea de meta — [en fútbol] goal line; [en carrera] finishing line

    línea de saque — baseline, service line

    línea lateral — sideline, touchline

    9) (Inform)

    línea de estado, línea de situación — status line

    10) (=talle) figure

    guardar o conservar la línea — to keep one's figure (trim)

    11) (=moda)
    12) [de pensamiento, acción] line

    explicar algo a grandes líneas o en sus líneas generales — to set sth out in broad outline, give the broad outline of sth

    línea dura — (Pol) hard line

    13) [genealógica] line

    línea sucesoria — line of succession, order of succession

    2.
    SMF (Dep) linesman, assistant referee
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( raya) line
    b) (Art) (dibujo, trazo) line
    c) ( de cocaína) (fam) line (colloq)
    2) (Dep)
    a) ( en fútbol) line

    línea de gol or de fondo — goal line

    b) ( en béisbol) drive
    3)
    a) ( renglón) line

    leer entre líneas — to read between the lines

    b) líneas femenino plural ( carta breve)
    4) (fila, alineación) line

    de primera línea — < tecnología> state-of-the-art; < producto> top-quality, high-class; <actor/jugador> first-rate

    en primera línea: sigue en primera línea — she/he still ranks among the best

    5)
    a) (Transp)

    no hay servicio en la línea 5 — ( de autobuses) there are no buses operating on the number 5 bus route; ( de metro) there is no service on line 5

    b) (Elec, Telec) line

    no hay línea or no me da línea — the phone o the line is dead

    c) ( en genealogía) line

    por línea materna — on his (o her etc) mother's side

    d) (Arg) ( de pescar) line
    6) ( sobre un tema) line

    en la línea de... — along the lines of...

    7)
    a) (estilo, diseño)
    b) (gama, colección) line
    8) ( figura)

    mantener/cuidar la línea — to keep/watch one's figure

    * * *
    = line, line-up, trajectory.
    Ex. Longer titles since each title can occupy only one line will be truncated and only brief source references are included.
    Ex. The title of the article is 'The information market: a line-up of competitors'.
    Ex. In hindsight, it is easy to see a trajectory of inevitability that made MARC, the ISBDs, and AACR2 seem more the result of historical forces than the often faltering and separate steps they were in truth.
    ----
    * acceso en línea = online access.
    * acceso mediante línea telefónica = dial-access.
    * adquisición en línea = online acquisition.
    * aprendizaje en línea = online learning.
    * baile en línea = line dance.
    * base de datos en línea = online database.
    * búsqueda en línea = online searching, online search.
    * cabeza de línea = railhead.
    * catálogo en línea = online catalogue.
    * comercio en línea = online business.
    * compra en línea = online shopping.
    * conexión a través de línea dedicada = leased line connection.
    * continuando con la línea de = in the vein of.
    * conversación en línea = online chat.
    * cruzar la línea = cross + the line.
    * cruzar la línea divisoria = cross + the boundary, cross + the great divide, cross + the dividing line, cross + the line.
    * cruzar la línea que separa = cross over + the line separating.
    * cruzar las líneas divisorias que separan + Nombre = cross + Adjetivo + lines.
    * de línea blanda = soft-line.
    * de línea dura = hard-line.
    * de líneas rectas = straight-line.
    * de primera línea = first-line.
    * describir en líneas generales = outline.
    * de última línea = streamlined.
    * distribuidor de información en línea = host, online host.
    * empleado de línea aérea = airline official.
    * en el momento de escribir estas líneas = at the time of writing.
    * en la línea de = along the lines.
    * en la línea de fuego = in the hot seat, in the front line, on the front line.
    * en la misma línea de = in the vein of.
    * en la misma línea que = in line with.
    * en línea = online [on-line], online-based, inline [in-line].
    * en línea con = in line with.
    * en línea recta = as the crow flies.
    * en líneas generales = broadly speaking, generally, loosely, on the whole, in outline, in basic outline, roughly speaking, as a rough guide.
    * en línea sucesoria = in line of descent.
    * en + Posesivo + línea de tiro = in + Posesivo + sights.
    * en primera línea = in the front line, first-line, on the front line.
    * enseñanza en línea = online education.
    * estado del ordenador en fuera de línea = offlineness.
    * estado del ordenador en línea = onlineness.
    * estar accesible en línea = go + online.
    * facsímil de línea = line-block facsimile.
    * foro de debate en línea = online forum.
    * fuera de línea = offline [off-line].
    * gráfica de líneas = line graph.
    * grosor de línea = line-width.
    * impresión en línea = online print.
    * impresión fuera de línea = offline print.
    * impresora de líneas = line printer.
    * información en línea = online information.
    * juez de línea = linesman, assistant referee.
    * línea ADSL (Línea de Subscripción Digital Asimétrica) = ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line).
    * línea aérea = airline.
    * línea a línea = line-by-line.
    * línea arbolada, la = timberline, the, tree line, the.
    * línea argumental = line of discussion, line of direction.
    * línea base = baseline [base line].
    * línea con marcas entrecortadas = dashed line.
    * línea curva = curved line.
    * línea de acción = course of action.
    * línea de actuación = course of action, line of attack, operational line, action line, prong, line of direction.
    * línea de agua, la = water line, the.
    * línea de alta tensión = power line.
    * línea de argumentación = line of discussion.
    * línea de búsqueda = query line.
    * línea de comunicación = line of communication.
    * línea de comunicaciones = communications line.
    * línea de demarcación = demarcation line.
    * línea dedicada = dedicated line, leased line.
    * línea de dirección = line of direction.
    * línea de dirección = line of direction.
    * línea de falla = fault line.
    * línea defensiva = line of defence, defence line.
    * línea de ferrocarril = rail line, rail link, railway line, railroad(s), railway(s).
    * línea de flotación, la = water line, the.
    * línea de fuego = firing line, front-line, line of fire.
    * línea de investigación = line of enquiry, line of research, line of enquiry, research front, avenue (for/of) research, research avenue, avenue of investigation, research line.
    * línea de investigación futura = avenue (for/of) future research.
    * línea de investigación posible = avenue for further research.
    * línea del horizonte = skyline.
    * línea de los árboles, la = timberline, the, tree line, the.
    * línea de mando = line of authority, line of command.
    * línea de medio campo = halfway line.
    * línea de meta = finish line, finishing line.
    * línea de montaje de coches = car assembly line.
    * línea de números = number line.
    * línea de pensamiento = line of thought.
    * línea de productos = product line.
    * línea de puntos = dotted line.
    * línea de seguridad = lifeline.
    * línea de trabajo = line of work.
    * línea de transmisión = line transmission.
    * línea de vegetación arbórea, la = tree line, the, timberline, the.
    * línea de vegetación, la = tree line, the, timberline, the.
    * línea de ventas = line.
    * línea de vida = lifeline.
    * línea directa = hotline [hot-line].
    * línea divisoria = cut-off point, demarcation, divide, dividing line, borderline, cut off [cutoff].
    * linea divisoria, la = great divide, the.
    * línea fija = fixed line.
    * línea horizontal = flat.
    * línea indicativa de la evolución de una gráfica = trend line [trend-line].
    * línea informativa = caption.
    * línea internacional de cambio de fecha, la = International Date Line, the.
    * línea numérica = number line.
    * línea oblicua (/) = oblique stroke (/), oblique line (/), oblique.
    * línea recta = straight line.
    * líneas de sombras = hachures.
    * líneas de transmisión por onda luminosa = light-wave transmission lines.
    * línea separatoria = dividing line.
    * línea telefónica = phone line, telephone line.
    * línea telefónica dedicada = leased telephone line, leased phone line.
    * listado de impresora de líneas = line printer output.
    * mantenerse en línea con = keep in + line with.
    * modalidad en línea = online mode.
    * módulo de catálogo de acceso público en línea = online public access catalogue module.
    * negocio en línea = online business.
    * nueva línea = linefeed.
    * OCLC (Centro Bibliotecario en Línea) = OCLC (Online Computer Library Center).
    * patinador en línea = inline skater.
    * patinaje en línea = inline skating, roller-blading.
    * persona que se cuida la línea = weight watcher.
    * por línea telefónica = over the telephone line.
    * presentación en línea = online display.
    * primera línea = front-line [front line], forefront.
    * primera línea de defensa = first line of defence.
    * recuperación en línea = online retrieval.
    * recurso en línea = online resource.
    * red en línea = online network.
    * revista electrónica en línea = online journal.
    * seguir líneas diferentes = be on different lines.
    * Servicio de Consulta en Línea de BLAISE = BLAISE-LINE.
    * servicio de información en línea = online information service.
    * servicio en línea = online service.
    * símbolo de avance de línea = line feed character.
    * sistema en línea = online system.
    * suscripción en línea = online subscription.
    * teléfono de línea directa = direct-dial telephone.
    * terminal en línea = online terminal.
    * tiempo de conexión en línea = online time.
    * tienda en línea = online store.
    * título por línea = title-a-line.
    * tres en línea = noughts and crosses, tic-tac-toe.
    * usuario conectado en línea = online user.
    * vehículo con ruedas en línea = cycle.
    * vehículo de dos ruedas en línea = two-wheeler.
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( raya) line
    b) (Art) (dibujo, trazo) line
    c) ( de cocaína) (fam) line (colloq)
    2) (Dep)
    a) ( en fútbol) line

    línea de gol or de fondo — goal line

    b) ( en béisbol) drive
    3)
    a) ( renglón) line

    leer entre líneas — to read between the lines

    b) líneas femenino plural ( carta breve)
    4) (fila, alineación) line

    de primera línea — < tecnología> state-of-the-art; < producto> top-quality, high-class; <actor/jugador> first-rate

    en primera línea: sigue en primera línea — she/he still ranks among the best

    5)
    a) (Transp)

    no hay servicio en la línea 5 — ( de autobuses) there are no buses operating on the number 5 bus route; ( de metro) there is no service on line 5

    b) (Elec, Telec) line

    no hay línea or no me da línea — the phone o the line is dead

    c) ( en genealogía) line

    por línea materna — on his (o her etc) mother's side

    d) (Arg) ( de pescar) line
    6) ( sobre un tema) line

    en la línea de... — along the lines of...

    7)
    a) (estilo, diseño)
    b) (gama, colección) line
    8) ( figura)

    mantener/cuidar la línea — to keep/watch one's figure

    * * *
    = line, line-up, trajectory.

    Ex: Longer titles since each title can occupy only one line will be truncated and only brief source references are included.

    Ex: The title of the article is 'The information market: a line-up of competitors'.
    Ex: In hindsight, it is easy to see a trajectory of inevitability that made MARC, the ISBDs, and AACR2 seem more the result of historical forces than the often faltering and separate steps they were in truth.
    * acceso en línea = online access.
    * acceso mediante línea telefónica = dial-access.
    * adquisición en línea = online acquisition.
    * aprendizaje en línea = online learning.
    * baile en línea = line dance.
    * base de datos en línea = online database.
    * búsqueda en línea = online searching, online search.
    * cabeza de línea = railhead.
    * catálogo en línea = online catalogue.
    * comercio en línea = online business.
    * compra en línea = online shopping.
    * conexión a través de línea dedicada = leased line connection.
    * continuando con la línea de = in the vein of.
    * conversación en línea = online chat.
    * cruzar la línea = cross + the line.
    * cruzar la línea divisoria = cross + the boundary, cross + the great divide, cross + the dividing line, cross + the line.
    * cruzar la línea que separa = cross over + the line separating.
    * cruzar las líneas divisorias que separan + Nombre = cross + Adjetivo + lines.
    * de línea blanda = soft-line.
    * de línea dura = hard-line.
    * de líneas rectas = straight-line.
    * de primera línea = first-line.
    * describir en líneas generales = outline.
    * de última línea = streamlined.
    * distribuidor de información en línea = host, online host.
    * empleado de línea aérea = airline official.
    * en el momento de escribir estas líneas = at the time of writing.
    * en la línea de = along the lines.
    * en la línea de fuego = in the hot seat, in the front line, on the front line.
    * en la misma línea de = in the vein of.
    * en la misma línea que = in line with.
    * en línea = online [on-line], online-based, inline [in-line].
    * en línea con = in line with.
    * en línea recta = as the crow flies.
    * en líneas generales = broadly speaking, generally, loosely, on the whole, in outline, in basic outline, roughly speaking, as a rough guide.
    * en línea sucesoria = in line of descent.
    * en + Posesivo + línea de tiro = in + Posesivo + sights.
    * en primera línea = in the front line, first-line, on the front line.
    * enseñanza en línea = online education.
    * estado del ordenador en fuera de línea = offlineness.
    * estado del ordenador en línea = onlineness.
    * estar accesible en línea = go + online.
    * facsímil de línea = line-block facsimile.
    * foro de debate en línea = online forum.
    * fuera de línea = offline [off-line].
    * gráfica de líneas = line graph.
    * grosor de línea = line-width.
    * impresión en línea = online print.
    * impresión fuera de línea = offline print.
    * impresora de líneas = line printer.
    * información en línea = online information.
    * juez de línea = linesman, assistant referee.
    * línea ADSL (Línea de Subscripción Digital Asimétrica) = ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line).
    * línea aérea = airline.
    * línea a línea = line-by-line.
    * línea arbolada, la = timberline, the, tree line, the.
    * línea argumental = line of discussion, line of direction.
    * línea base = baseline [base line].
    * línea con marcas entrecortadas = dashed line.
    * línea curva = curved line.
    * línea de acción = course of action.
    * línea de actuación = course of action, line of attack, operational line, action line, prong, line of direction.
    * línea de agua, la = water line, the.
    * línea de alta tensión = power line.
    * línea de argumentación = line of discussion.
    * línea de búsqueda = query line.
    * línea de comunicación = line of communication.
    * línea de comunicaciones = communications line.
    * línea de demarcación = demarcation line.
    * línea dedicada = dedicated line, leased line.
    * línea de dirección = line of direction.
    * línea de dirección = line of direction.
    * línea de falla = fault line.
    * línea defensiva = line of defence, defence line.
    * línea de ferrocarril = rail line, rail link, railway line, railroad(s), railway(s).
    * línea de flotación, la = water line, the.
    * línea de fuego = firing line, front-line, line of fire.
    * línea de investigación = line of enquiry, line of research, line of enquiry, research front, avenue (for/of) research, research avenue, avenue of investigation, research line.
    * línea de investigación futura = avenue (for/of) future research.
    * línea de investigación posible = avenue for further research.
    * línea del horizonte = skyline.
    * línea de los árboles, la = timberline, the, tree line, the.
    * línea de mando = line of authority, line of command.
    * línea de medio campo = halfway line.
    * línea de meta = finish line, finishing line.
    * línea de montaje de coches = car assembly line.
    * línea de números = number line.
    * línea de pensamiento = line of thought.
    * línea de productos = product line.
    * línea de puntos = dotted line.
    * línea de seguridad = lifeline.
    * línea de trabajo = line of work.
    * línea de transmisión = line transmission.
    * línea de vegetación arbórea, la = tree line, the, timberline, the.
    * línea de vegetación, la = tree line, the, timberline, the.
    * línea de ventas = line.
    * línea de vida = lifeline.
    * línea directa = hotline [hot-line].
    * línea divisoria = cut-off point, demarcation, divide, dividing line, borderline, cut off [cutoff].
    * linea divisoria, la = great divide, the.
    * línea fija = fixed line.
    * línea horizontal = flat.
    * línea indicativa de la evolución de una gráfica = trend line [trend-line].
    * línea informativa = caption.
    * línea internacional de cambio de fecha, la = International Date Line, the.
    * línea numérica = number line.
    * línea oblicua (/) = oblique stroke (/), oblique line (/), oblique.
    * línea recta = straight line.
    * líneas de sombras = hachures.
    * líneas de transmisión por onda luminosa = light-wave transmission lines.
    * línea separatoria = dividing line.
    * línea telefónica = phone line, telephone line.
    * línea telefónica dedicada = leased telephone line, leased phone line.
    * listado de impresora de líneas = line printer output.
    * mantenerse en línea con = keep in + line with.
    * modalidad en línea = online mode.
    * módulo de catálogo de acceso público en línea = online public access catalogue module.
    * negocio en línea = online business.
    * nueva línea = linefeed.
    * OCLC (Centro Bibliotecario en Línea) = OCLC (Online Computer Library Center).
    * patinador en línea = inline skater.
    * patinaje en línea = inline skating, roller-blading.
    * persona que se cuida la línea = weight watcher.
    * por línea telefónica = over the telephone line.
    * presentación en línea = online display.
    * primera línea = front-line [front line], forefront.
    * primera línea de defensa = first line of defence.
    * recuperación en línea = online retrieval.
    * recurso en línea = online resource.
    * red en línea = online network.
    * revista electrónica en línea = online journal.
    * seguir líneas diferentes = be on different lines.
    * Servicio de Consulta en Línea de BLAISE = BLAISE-LINE.
    * servicio de información en línea = online information service.
    * servicio en línea = online service.
    * símbolo de avance de línea = line feed character.
    * sistema en línea = online system.
    * suscripción en línea = online subscription.
    * teléfono de línea directa = direct-dial telephone.
    * terminal en línea = online terminal.
    * tiempo de conexión en línea = online time.
    * tienda en línea = online store.
    * título por línea = title-a-line.
    * tres en línea = noughts and crosses, tic-tac-toe.
    * usuario conectado en línea = online user.
    * vehículo con ruedas en línea = cycle.
    * vehículo de dos ruedas en línea = two-wheeler.

    * * *
    A
    1 (raya) line
    una línea curva/recta/quebrada a curved/straight/broken line
    línea divisoria dividing line
    la línea del horizonte the line of the horizon, the horizon
    cortar por la línea de puntos cut along the dotted line
    2 ( Art) (dibujo, trazo) line
    3 (de cocaína) ( fam); line ( colloq)
    Compuestos:
    continuous o unbroken line
    Plimsoll line, load line
    demarcation line
    water line
    life line
    heart line
    police line
    time line
    equinoctial circle o line
    international date line
    meridian
    B ( Dep)
    línea de gol or de fondo goal line
    Compuestos:
    sideline, touchline
    line of scrimmage
    (en el tenis) baseline; (en el baloncesto) end line
    line of scrimmage
    finishing line, wire ( AmE)
    (en rugby) twenty-two meter line
    (en una carrera) finishing line, wire ( AmE); (en fútbol) goal line
    starting line
    C
    1 (renglón) line
    te saltaste una línea you missed out o skipped a line
    leer entre líneas to read between the lines
    (carta breve): les mandó unas líneas para decir que estaba bien she dropped them a few lines to say that she was well
    D (fila, alineación) line
    las líneas enemigas the enemy lines
    de primera línea ‹tecnología› state-of-the-art;
    ‹producto› top-quality, high-class; ‹actor/jugador› first-rate
    en primera línea: el alero demostró que sigue en primera línea the winger showed that he still ranks among the best o he is still a top-class player
    Compuestos:
    battle line, line of battle
    forward line
    E
    1 ( Transp):
    no hay línea directa, tiene que hacer transbordo en Río there is no direct service, you have to change in Rio
    final de la línea end of the line
    no hay servicio en la línea 5 (de autobuses) the number 5 (bus) is not running, there are no buses operating o there is no service on the number 5 bus route; (de metro) there is no service on line 5
    los barcos que cubren la línea Cádiz-Las Palmas the ships which cover the Cadiz-Las Palmas route o run
    2 ( Elec, Telec) line
    línea telefónica/telegráfica telephone/telegraph line
    no hay líneaor no me da línea the phone o the line is dead
    la línea está ocupada the line is busy o ( BrE) engaged
    Compuestos:
    ( Tel) party line
    ( Tel) land line
    por línea materna on his ( o her etc) mother's side
    4 ( Arg) (de pescar) line
    Compuestos:
    airline
    assembly line
    railroad track ( AmE), railway line ( BrE)
    F
    (sobre un tema): seguir la línea del partido to follow the party line
    los partidarios de una línea más radical those in favor of taking a more radical line
    las principales líneas de su programa político the main points of their political program
    en la línea de … along the lines of …
    el proyecto, en líneas generales, consiste en … broadly speaking o broadly, the project consists of …
    en líneas generales las dos versiones coinciden broadly speaking, the two versions coincide, on the whole o by and large the two versions coincide
    ser de una sola línea ( Chi); to be straight (as a die) ( colloq)
    G
    1
    (estilo, diseño): un coche de líneas aerodinámicas a streamlined car, an aerodynamically designed car
    le gusta la ropa de línea clásica she likes the classical look
    2 (gama, colección) line
    nuestra nueva línea de productos de belleza our new line o range of beauty products
    Compuesto:
    línea blanca/marrón
    white/brown goods (pl)
    H
    (figura): mantener/cuidar la línea to keep/watch one's figure
    * * *

     

    línea sustantivo femenino
    1 ( en general) line;

    escribirle unas líneas a algn to drop sb a line;
    seguir la línea del partido to follow the party line;
    en líneas generales broadly speaking;
    por línea materna on his (o her etc) mother's side;
    línea de montaje assembly line;
    línea de gol goal line;
    línea de llegada finishing line, wire (AmE);
    línea de salida starting line;
    de primera línea ‹ tecnología› state-of-the-art;

    ‹ producto› top-quality, high-class;
    ‹actor/jugador› first-rate;
    ◊ leer entre líneas to read between the lines

    2 (Transp, Tele) line;

    final de la línea end of the line;
    no hay línea directa a Córdoba there is no direct service to Cordoba;
    intenté llamarte pero no había línea I tried to ring you but the phone o the line was dead;
    la línea está ocupada the line is busy
    3
    a) (gama, colección) line, range;

    ◊ nuestra nueva línea de cosméticos our new line o range of cosmetics

    b) ( estilo):


    4 ( figura):

    línea sustantivo femenino
    1 Geom line
    2 (trayecto de autobús) route
    (de ferrocarril, metro) line
    Av línea aérea, airline
    3 Inform en línea, on-line
    4 (figura, cuerpo esbelto) figure
    mantener la línea, to keep one's figure
    (diseño) design
    5 Com (de productos) line
    6 (fila) line
    poner en línea, to line up
    7 (cable) line
    línea telegráfica, telegraph line
    ♦ Locuciones: en líneas generales, roughly speaking
    entre líneas, between the lines
    Tel línea caliente, hotline
    ' línea' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    aerodinámica
    - aerodinámico
    - alinear
    - banda
    - continua
    - continuo
    - derecha
    - derecho
    - estacionamiento
    - extensión
    - flotación
    - fuego
    - horizonte
    - intervenir
    - juez
    - punto
    - salida
    - sucesión
    - trazar
    - trazo
    - verso
    - autobús
    - comer
    - conservar
    - controlar
    - curva
    - delantero
    - descendente
    - discontinuo
    - ecuador
    - ininterrumpido
    - lateral
    - oblicuo
    - ocupado
    - paralela
    - patín
    - prolongar
    - quebrado
    - raya
    - recto
    - renglón
    - saltar
    - separar
    - tenue
    - transversal
    - vertical
    English:
    airline
    - borderline
    - bus route
    - busline
    - commercial pilot
    - credit line
    - crow
    - cut off
    - dead
    - describe
    - draw
    - editorial
    - electrify
    - extend
    - faint
    - file
    - finishing line
    - fire
    - firing line
    - frill
    - hard line
    - length
    - line
    - name
    - oblique
    - overbook
    - party line
    - plot
    - product line
    - range
    - rank
    - roller blades
    - rollerblade
    - route
    - sideline
    - skyline
    - starting line
    - straight
    - touchline
    - vein
    - waistline
    - waterline
    - watershed
    - winning post
    - wiretapping
    - air
    - carrier
    - demarcation
    - directly
    - dividing line
    * * *
    línea nf
    1. [raya, trazo, renglón, límite] line;
    una línea recta a straight line;
    una línea quebrada a crooked line;
    la línea del cielo the skyline;
    ir en línea recta to go in a straight line;
    leerle a alguien las líneas de la mano to read (the lines on) sb's hand;
    estar en línea to be in (a) line;
    poner/ponerse en línea to line up;
    estacionar en línea to park end-to-end;
    escribir o [m5] mandar unas líneas a alguien to drop sb a line;
    leer entre líneas to read between the lines
    línea continua [en carretera] solid white line; Com línea de crédito credit limit; Com línea de descubierto overdraft limit;
    línea discontinua [en carretera] broken white line;
    línea divisoria dividing line;
    Mil línea de fuego firing line;
    línea de mira line of fire;
    línea punteada dotted line;
    línea de puntos dotted line;
    línea de tiro line of fire
    2. [ruta] line;
    han añadido varias paradas a la línea 30 the number 30 bus has several new stops;
    la línea circular del metro the Br underground o US subway circle line
    línea férrea railway (line), US railroad track;
    línea de ferrocarril railway (line), US railroad track
    3. [compañía aérea]
    una línea de vuelos charter a charter airline
    línea aérea airline
    4. [de telecomunicaciones] line;
    cortar la línea (telefónica) to cut off the phone;
    dar línea a alguien to put in a line for sb;
    no hay o [m5] no tenemos línea the line's dead
    línea arrendada leased line; Fam línea caliente [erótica] chat line, telephone sex line; [de atención al cliente] hot line;
    línea directa direct line;
    Fig
    tiene línea directa con el presidente she has a direct line to the president's office;
    línea erótica telephone sex line;
    línea exterior outside line;
    línea privada private line;
    Informát línea RDSI ISDN line; RP líneas rotativas [centralita] switchboard
    5. [en deportes] line;
    la línea defensiva/delantera the back/front line, the defence/attack;
    la línea medular the midfield
    línea de banda sideline, touchline;
    línea de fondo [en fútbol] goal line [at end of field];
    [en baloncesto] end line;
    línea de gol goal line [between goalposts];
    línea de llegada finishing line;
    línea de marca [en rugby] try o goal line;
    línea de medio campo halfway line;
    línea de meta [en fútbol] goal line;
    [en carreras] finishing line;
    línea de salida starting line;
    línea de saque baseline, service line;
    línea de servicio service line;
    línea de seis veinticinco [en baloncesto] three-point line;
    línea de tiros libres [en baloncesto] free throw line
    6. [en comercio] line;
    una nueva línea de productos a new line of products
    línea blanca white goods;
    línea marrón brown goods
    7. [silueta] [de persona] figure;
    guardar/mantener la línea to watch/keep one's figure
    8. [contorno]
    9. [estilo, tendencia] style;
    la línea del partido the party line;
    la línea dura del sindicato the union's hard line;
    de línea clásica classical;
    eso está muy en su línea that's just his style;
    seguir la línea de alguien to follow sb's style
    línea de conducta course of action;
    línea de investigación line of inquiry
    10. [categoría] class, category;
    de primera línea [actor, pintor, producto] first-rate;
    [marca, empresa] top
    11. [de parentesco] line;
    está emparentada con ella por línea materna she's related to her on her mother's side
    12. Informát line;
    en línea on-line;
    fuera de línea off-line
    línea de base baseline;
    línea de comando command line
    13. [en el bingo] line;
    cantar línea to call a line;
    ¡línea! line!
    14. Fam [de cocaína] line
    15. Comp
    en líneas generales in broad terms;
    fueron derrotados en toda la línea they were soundly defeated
    * * *
    f line;
    mantener la línea watch one’s figure;
    de primera línea fig first-rate;
    tecnología de primera línea state-of-the art technology;
    perdieron en toda la línea they were soundly beaten;
    entre líneas fig between the lines;
    dos o
    cuatro líneas a alguien drop s.o. a line;
    la línea se ha cortado TELEC the line’s gone dead;
    no hay línea TELEC the line’s dead
    * * *
    línea nf
    1) : line
    línea divisoria: dividing line
    línea de banda: sideline
    2) : line, course, position
    línea de conducta: course of action
    en líneas generales: in general terms, along general lines
    3) : line, service
    línea aérea: airline
    línea telefónica: telephone line
    * * *
    línea n line
    cuidar la línea / mantener la línea to watch your weight

    Spanish-English dictionary > línea

  • 7 especial

    adj.
    1 special (adecuado, excepcional).
    hoy es un día especial, celebramos nuestro aniversario today's a special day, we're celebrating our anniversary
    tienen especial interés en conocerte they're especially interested in meeting you
    especial para specially for
    2 peculiar, strange.
    m.
    special (programa).
    un especial informativo a news special
    * * *
    1 (gen) special
    2 (remilgado) fussy ( para, about), finicky ( para, about)
    \
    en especial especially
    especial para... suitable for...
    * * *
    adj.
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) [para un fin concreto] [dieta, permiso] special
    educación 1), enviado
    2) (=extraordinario) special
    3)

    en especial — especially, particularly

    pedimos disculpas a todos, y en especial a... — we apologize to everyone, and especially o particularly to...

    ¿desea ver a alguien en especial? — is there anybody in particular you want to see?

    4) (=quisquilloso) fussy

    ¡qué especial eres con la comida! — you're such a fussy eater!

    5) (=extraño) peculiar
    2. SM
    1) (TV) (tb: programa especial) special
    2) Méx (Teat) show
    3) [para comer] Cono Sur baguette, sub sandwich (EEUU); Chile hot dog
    * * *
    I
    a) ( para uso específico) special

    en especial — especially, particularly

    nada/nadie en especial — nothing/nobody in particular

    b) ( excepcional) special
    c) ( difícil) <persona/carácter> fussy

    qué especial eres para comer! — you're so picky o fussy about your food! (colloq)

    II
    masculino (TV) special (program*)
    * * *
    = ad hoc, one-off, special, specified, gala, particular, with a difference.
    Ex. Begun in 1973, CONSER was conceived by an ad hoc discussion group on Serials Data Bases of American and Canadian librarians.
    Ex. Associated with full-time staffing reductions has been the virtual elimination of part-time teachers and ' one-off' expert lecturers.
    Ex. Some categories of material defy helpful categorisation, and need to be treated as special cases.
    Ex. If access is limited to certain specified times, the term 'off-line' is applied.
    Ex. The 3 elements of the event are: weekday visits; evening sessions; and 'Super Saturday' gala days.
    Ex. It is possible to identify an item uniquely within a particular institution or agency by a running accession number.
    Ex. The article 'Web authoring with a difference' reviews the current authoring tools available for organizations wishing to become involved in the World Wide Web (WWW).
    ----
    * a precio especial = discounted, cut-rate, cut-price.
    * a precios especiales = at preferential rates.
    * a tarifas especiales = at preferential rates.
    * a un precio especial = at a discount.
    * celebrar una ocasión especial = mark + a special occasion.
    * día memorable = red-letter day.
    * efecto especial = special effect.
    * especial apertura = opening special.
    * invitado especial = special guest.
    * merecer mención especial = deserve + special mention.
    * niño con necesidades especiales = special needs child.
    * oferta especial = special offer.
    * precio especial = discounted price, discount price, preferential rate.
    * precio especial por compra al por mayor = bulk deal.
    * prestar especial atención = focus.
    * ser de un valor especial = be of particular value.
    * servicio especial de autobuses = bus shuttle service, bus shuttle, shuttle bus service, shuttle bus.
    * servicio especial de transporte = shuttle service, shuttle.
    * sin condiciones especiales = with no strings attached.
    * tarifa especial = preferential rate.
    * tarifa especial por inscripción anticipada = early-bird registration fee.
    * tecnología adaptada a usuarios con necesidades especiales = assistive technology.
    * tener un valor especial = be of particular value.
    * trato especial = special treatment.
    * * *
    I
    a) ( para uso específico) special

    en especial — especially, particularly

    nada/nadie en especial — nothing/nobody in particular

    b) ( excepcional) special
    c) ( difícil) <persona/carácter> fussy

    qué especial eres para comer! — you're so picky o fussy about your food! (colloq)

    II
    masculino (TV) special (program*)
    * * *
    = ad hoc, one-off, special, specified, gala, particular, with a difference.

    Ex: Begun in 1973, CONSER was conceived by an ad hoc discussion group on Serials Data Bases of American and Canadian librarians.

    Ex: Associated with full-time staffing reductions has been the virtual elimination of part-time teachers and ' one-off' expert lecturers.
    Ex: Some categories of material defy helpful categorisation, and need to be treated as special cases.
    Ex: If access is limited to certain specified times, the term 'off-line' is applied.
    Ex: The 3 elements of the event are: weekday visits; evening sessions; and 'Super Saturday' gala days.
    Ex: It is possible to identify an item uniquely within a particular institution or agency by a running accession number.
    Ex: The article 'Web authoring with a difference' reviews the current authoring tools available for organizations wishing to become involved in the World Wide Web (WWW).
    * a precio especial = discounted, cut-rate, cut-price.
    * a precios especiales = at preferential rates.
    * a tarifas especiales = at preferential rates.
    * a un precio especial = at a discount.
    * celebrar una ocasión especial = mark + a special occasion.
    * día memorable = red-letter day.
    * efecto especial = special effect.
    * especial apertura = opening special.
    * invitado especial = special guest.
    * merecer mención especial = deserve + special mention.
    * niño con necesidades especiales = special needs child.
    * oferta especial = special offer.
    * precio especial = discounted price, discount price, preferential rate.
    * precio especial por compra al por mayor = bulk deal.
    * prestar especial atención = focus.
    * ser de un valor especial = be of particular value.
    * servicio especial de autobuses = bus shuttle service, bus shuttle, shuttle bus service, shuttle bus.
    * servicio especial de transporte = shuttle service, shuttle.
    * sin condiciones especiales = with no strings attached.
    * tarifa especial = preferential rate.
    * tarifa especial por inscripción anticipada = early-bird registration fee.
    * tecnología adaptada a usuarios con necesidades especiales = assistive technology.
    * tener un valor especial = be of particular value.
    * trato especial = special treatment.

    * * *
    una dieta especial para diabéticos a special diet for diabetics
    en especial especially
    todas sus hijas son muy guapas, la mayor en especial all his daughters are very pretty, especially o particularly the eldest
    ¿quería hablar con alguien en especial? did you want to speak to anyone in particular?
    2 (excepcional) special
    hoy es un día muy especial para mí today is a very special day for me
    un vestido para ocasiones especiales a dress for special occasions
    3 (difícil) ‹persona/carácter› fussy
    son muy especiales, nada les viene bien they're very difficult (to please) o very fussy, nothing's ever quite right for them
    ¡qué especial eres para comer! you're so picky o fussy about your food! ( colloq)
    A (TV) special, special program*
    especial informativo/deportivo news/sports special
    B ( RPl)
    1 (sandwich) submarine ( AmE), baguette ( BrE)
    un especial de jamón y queso a ham and cheese baguette, a ham and cheese sandwich on French bread
    2 ( Chi) (perro caliente) hot dog
    * * *

     

    Multiple Entries:
    algo especial    
    especial
    especial adjetivo


    nadie en especial nobody in particular;
    un día muy especial para mí a very special day for me
    b) ( difícil) ‹persona/carácter› fussy

    especial adjetivo special
    ♦ Locuciones: en especial, especially
    ' especial' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    dotada
    - dotado
    - enviado
    - GEO
    - química
    - ver
    - común
    - interés
    - investigación
    - ordinario
    - particular
    - preferente
    English:
    bodybuilding
    - bonus
    - craft
    - envoy
    - extra
    - grand
    - greasy
    - grown-up
    - merit
    - particular
    - section
    - special
    - task force
    - treatment
    - ad hoc
    - cameo
    - certain
    - distinction
    - star
    - treasure
    - trial
    * * *
    ♦ adj
    1. [adecuado] special;
    especial para especially for;
    lejía especial para lavadoras bleach especially for washing machines;
    una oferta especial para nuestros clientes a special offer for our customers
    2. [particular, excepcional] special;
    hoy es un día especial, celebramos nuestro aniversario today's a special day, we're celebrating our anniversary;
    tienen especial interés en conocerte they're especially interested in meeting you;
    recibe un trato especial por ser discapacitado he receives special treatment because he is disabled
    3. [peculiar] peculiar, strange;
    esa forma tan especial que tiene de mirar that peculiar o strange way he has of looking at you
    4. [quisquilloso] fussy;
    es muy especial con la comida he's very fussy about his food, he's a very fussy eater
    ♦ nm
    1. [programa] special;
    un especial informativo a news special
    2. Chile [perrito caliente] = hot dog with mayonnaise
    3. RP [sándwich] Br baguette, US sub;
    un especial de pavita Br a turkey baguette, US a turkey sub
    ♦ en especial loc adv
    especially, particularly;
    me gusta la pasta, en especial los macarrones I like pasta, especially macaroni;
    ¿alguno en especial? any one in particular?
    * * *
    adj
    1 special;
    en especial especially;
    nada en especial nothing special
    2 ( difícil) fussy
    * * *
    especial adj & nm
    : special
    * * *
    1. (en general) special
    2. (quisquilloso) fussy [comp. fussier; superl. fussiest]

    Spanish-English dictionary > especial

  • 8 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 9 emisión

    f.
    1 emission, emittance, emanation, issuance.
    2 broadcast.
    3 emission, monetary emission.
    4 flotation.
    * * *
    1 (gen) emission
    2 (bonos, sellos, monedas) issue
    3 RADIO TELEVISIÓN (programa) broadcast; (transmisión) transmission
    \
    emisión de obligaciones FINANZAS issue of debentures
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=acción) emission; (Econ etc) issue; (Bolsa) share issue

    emisión de acciones, emisión de valores — flotation

    2) (Radio, TV) (=difusión) broadcasting; (=programa) broadcast, programme, program (EEUU)

    emisión publicitaria — commercial, advertising spot

    3) (Inform) output
    * * *
    1) (Tec) emission
    2) (Fin) issue
    3) (Rad, TV) ( acción) broadcasting; ( programa) (frml) program*, broadcast
    * * *
    = emission, issuance, screening.
    Ex. This article describes how the property of chemiluminescence -- the faint emission of light from organic materials undergoing oxidisation -- may be used to measure the rate of degradation of paper.
    Ex. Publications describing or revealing an invention can be a bar to issuance of a patent.
    Ex. He focuses on the particular question as to how the laws apply to the various practices such as the screening of documentaries and other films in staff meetings.
    ----
    * emisión de bonos = bond issue.
    * emisión de carbono = carbon emission.
    * emisión de gases = exhaust emission.
    * emisión de gases de efecto invernadero = carbon emission.
    * emisión de gas invernadero = greenhouse gas emission.
    * emisión de partículas = particle emission.
    * emisión tóxica = toxic emission, toxic fume.
    * sistema de emisión de gases = exhaust system.
    * sistema de emisión de humos = exhaust system.
    * tiempo de emisión = airtime.
    * * *
    1) (Tec) emission
    2) (Fin) issue
    3) (Rad, TV) ( acción) broadcasting; ( programa) (frml) program*, broadcast
    * * *
    = emission, issuance, screening.

    Ex: This article describes how the property of chemiluminescence -- the faint emission of light from organic materials undergoing oxidisation -- may be used to measure the rate of degradation of paper.

    Ex: Publications describing or revealing an invention can be a bar to issuance of a patent.
    Ex: He focuses on the particular question as to how the laws apply to the various practices such as the screening of documentaries and other films in staff meetings.
    * emisión de bonos = bond issue.
    * emisión de carbono = carbon emission.
    * emisión de gases = exhaust emission.
    * emisión de gases de efecto invernadero = carbon emission.
    * emisión de gas invernadero = greenhouse gas emission.
    * emisión de partículas = particle emission.
    * emisión tóxica = toxic emission, toxic fume.
    * sistema de emisión de gases = exhaust system.
    * sistema de emisión de humos = exhaust system.
    * tiempo de emisión = airtime.

    * * *
    A ( Tec) emission
    B ( Fin) issue
    Compuestos:
    ● emisión de carbono or de gases efecto invernadero
    carbon emission
    compraventa de emisiones de carbono trading in carbon emissions
    ( Chi) fiduciary note issue
    C ( Rad, TV)
    1 (acción) broadcasting
    2 ( frml) (programa) program*, broadcast
    * * *

     

    emisión sustantivo femenino
    a) (Tec) emission

    b) (Fin) issue

    c) (Rad, TV) ( acción) broadcasting;

    ( programa) (frml) program( conjugate program), broadcast
    emisión sustantivo femenino
    1 emission
    una emisión de gases tóxicos, an emission of poisonous gas
    2 (de moneda, papel oficial) issue
    3 Rad TV broadcasting
    emisión en directo/en vivo, live broadcast
    ' emisión' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    cierre
    - interferir
    English:
    broadcast
    - emission
    - hook-up
    - issue
    - live
    - release
    - share issue
    - discharge
    - flotation
    * * *
    1. [de rayos, gas] emission;
    [de energía] output;
    emisiones tóxicas toxic emissions
    2. [de monedas, sellos, acciones] issue
    Bolsa emisión de acciones liberadas scrip issue; Fin emisión convertible conversion issue; Bolsa emisión con derecho preferente de suscripción rights issue; Bolsa emisión gratuita de acciones bonus issue; Fin emisión de obligaciones debentures issue
    3. [radiotelevisiva] [transmisión] broadcasting;
    [programa] programme, broadcast;
    interrumpimos la emisión para comunicarles que… we interrupt this programme o broadcast to inform you that…
    * * *
    f
    1 emission;
    emisiones contaminantes emissions of pollutants;
    2 COM issue
    3 RAD, TV broadcast
    * * *
    emisión nf, pl - siones
    1) : emission
    2) : broadcast
    3) : issue
    emisión de acciones: stock issue
    * * *
    1. (de programa) broadcast
    2. (de billetes, sellos) issue

    Spanish-English dictionary > emisión

  • 10 tasa de devolución

    (n.) = rate of return, return rate
    Ex. The percent of overdue books, and their rate of return, appear to be strongly influenced by the penalty associated with late returns.
    Ex. A computer program was used to analyse the return rates of books at libraries with automated issue systems.
    * * *
    (n.) = rate of return, return rate

    Ex: The percent of overdue books, and their rate of return, appear to be strongly influenced by the penalty associated with late returns.

    Ex: A computer program was used to analyse the return rates of books at libraries with automated issue systems.

    Spanish-English dictionary > tasa de devolución

  • 11 error

    m.
    1 mistake, error.
    cometer un error to make a mistake
    estar en un error to be mistaken
    por error by mistake
    salvo error u omisión errors and omissions excepted
    error de bulto huge o big mistake
    error de cálculo miscalculation
    error humano human error
    error judicial miscarriage of justice
    2 delusion, false impression.
    3 lapsus.
    * * *
    1 error, mistake
    \
    caer en un error to make a mistake
    estar en un error to be mistaken
    por error by mistake, in error
    error judicial miscarriage of justice
    * * *
    noun m.
    error, mistake
    * * *
    SM mistake, error más frm

    • caer en un error — to make a mistake

    si piensas que lo hizo por tu bien, estás cayendo en un error — if you think that he did it for your good you're making a mistake

    • cometer un error — to make a mistake

    • estar en un error — to be mistaken, be wrong

    estás en un error si piensas que voy a transigir — you're mistaken o wrong if you think that I'll give in

    • inducir a error — to be misleading

    • por error — by mistake

    error de hecho — factual error, error of fact

    * * *
    masculino mistake

    craso error! — (that was a) big o bad mistake!

    ¿quién lo va a sacar de su error? — who's going to put him right?

    salvo error u omisión — (fr hecha) errors and omissions excepted

    por error — by mistake, in error (frml)

    * * *
    = error, failure, fault, mistake, pitfall, bug, stumble, delusion, goof, blooper, bobble.
    Ex. Computers are reliable, and less prone to error provided they are instructed or programmed appropriately and correctly.
    Ex. DBMS systems aim to cope with system failure and generate restart procedures.
    Ex. Documents and information can be lost forever by faults in inputting.
    Ex. A mistake, say, in trasncribing Fergusson as Ferguson may cause some problems, copying Davinson as Davison will cause even more!.
    Ex. Nevertheless, it is worth drawing a comparison between them so that menu-based information retrieval systems might avoid some of the pitfalls of traditional classification.
    Ex. A bug is an error in a program or an equipment malfunction.
    Ex. His stumbles and missed opportunities were made up for by his signing of the agreement in 1990.
    Ex. The article 'Illusions, delusions, conclusions' reminds searchers that the most important issue when looking at search results is to make sure that all information is reliable and true.
    Ex. The film's supple structure, surprisingly light touch, and bravura performances make it perhaps the most fully formed, half-hearted goof ever.
    Ex. Throughout the year we collect bloopers, funny things that happen while we are producing the program.
    Ex. Gary's back pass took a bobble from a divot and in that moment Robinson suddenly found himself the subject of ridicule.
    ----
    * a base de cometer errores = the hard way.
    * a base de errores = the hard way.
    * a fuerza de cometer errores = the hard way.
    * a fuerza de errores = the hard way.
    * análisis de errores = error analysis.
    * aprender a fuerza de errores = learn by + trial and error.
    * aprender Algo a base de cometer errores = learn + Nombre + the hard way.
    * aprender Algo a fuerza de errores = learn + Nombre + the hard way.
    * aprender de errores = learn from + errors.
    * aprender por el método de ensayo y error = learn by + trial and error.
    * caer en el error de = fall into + the error of, blunder into.
    * cometer el error de = fall into + the error of, blunder into.
    * cometer errores por despiste = bump into + lampposts.
    * cometer un error = commit + error, make + mistake, make + error, be caught out, slip up.
    * cometer un error garrafal = commit + blunder, make + a bloomer, make + a blunder, drop + a clanger, drop + a bollock, blunder.
    * con errores = flawed.
    * con errores gramaticales = grammatically challenged, grammatically incorrect.
    * corregir errores = debug.
    * corregir un error = correct + error, amend + mistake, correct + a wrong, correct + Posesivo + mistake.
    * deshacer los errores cometidos = turn + the clock back.
    * detección de errores = error identification.
    * detectar un error = detect + error, spot + mistake, spot + error.
    * eliminar un error = remove + error.
    * error administrativo = clerical mistake, clerical error.
    * error craso = gross mistake, crass mistake, crass error, blunder, monumental mistake, monumental error.
    * error de cálculo = miscalculation, mathematical mistake, mathematical error, calculation error, calculation mistake.
    * error de communicación = miscommunication.
    * error de contenido = factual error.
    * error de copia = clerical error, clerical mistake.
    * error de diagnóstico = misdiagnosis [misdiagnoses, -pl.].
    * error de entendimiento = misunderstanding.
    * error de escritura = mistyping.
    * error de estilo = stylistic error.
    * error de juicio = misunderstanding, error of judgement.
    * error de la muestra = sampling error.
    * error de la naturaleza = freak of nature.
    * error de lectura = misreading.
    * error del original = sic, sic.
    * error de medición = error of measurement.
    * error de muestreo = sampling error.
    * error de percepción = misperception.
    * error de probabilidad = probability of error.
    * error de pronunciación = mispronunciation.
    * error de transposición = transposition error.
    * errores = floundering.
    * error estilístico = stylistic error.
    * error fatal = fatal mistake.
    * error garrafal = blunder, cock-up, crass mistake, crass error, gross mistake, monumental mistake, monumental error, clanger.
    * error gramatical = grammatical error.
    * error humano = human error.
    * error matemático = mathematical mistake, mathematical error.
    * error mecánico = machine error.
    * error mecanográfico = keying error.
    * error óptico = optical error.
    * error ortográfico = misspelling [mis-spelling], orthographic error, spelling mistake, spelling error.
    * error por omisión = omission failure.
    * error tipográfico = typing error, typing mistake, typographical error, typographical mistake, typo.
    * evitar un error = avoid + error.
    * gramática con errores = poor grammar.
    * identificación de errores = error identification.
    * lista de errores = error report.
    * lleno de errores = buggy [buggier -comp., buggiest -sup.].
    * margen de error = margin of error.
    * mensaje de error = error message.
    * no tener errores = be error-free.
    * nótese el error = sic.
    * patrón de errores = error pattern.
    * plagado de errores = buggy [buggier -comp., buggiest -sup.].
    * plagar de errores = litter with + failure.
    * por el método de ensayo y error = by trial and error, trial and error.
    * por error = by mistake.
    * propenso a errores = error prone, prone to error.
    * rectificar un error = rectify + failure.
    * sin errores = error-free.
    * subsanar un error = extirpate + error.
    * sujeto a errores = prone to error.
    * susceptible de error = susceptible to error, susceptible to mistake.
    * tasa de error = error rate.
    * tener errores = be flawed.
    * tolerancia al error = error tolerance, fault tolerance.
    * tolerante al error = fault tolerant, error tolerant.
    * * *
    masculino mistake

    craso error! — (that was a) big o bad mistake!

    ¿quién lo va a sacar de su error? — who's going to put him right?

    salvo error u omisión — (fr hecha) errors and omissions excepted

    por error — by mistake, in error (frml)

    * * *
    = error, failure, fault, mistake, pitfall, bug, stumble, delusion, goof, blooper, bobble.

    Ex: Computers are reliable, and less prone to error provided they are instructed or programmed appropriately and correctly.

    Ex: DBMS systems aim to cope with system failure and generate restart procedures.
    Ex: Documents and information can be lost forever by faults in inputting.
    Ex: A mistake, say, in trasncribing Fergusson as Ferguson may cause some problems, copying Davinson as Davison will cause even more!.
    Ex: Nevertheless, it is worth drawing a comparison between them so that menu-based information retrieval systems might avoid some of the pitfalls of traditional classification.
    Ex: A bug is an error in a program or an equipment malfunction.
    Ex: His stumbles and missed opportunities were made up for by his signing of the agreement in 1990.
    Ex: The article 'Illusions, delusions, conclusions' reminds searchers that the most important issue when looking at search results is to make sure that all information is reliable and true.
    Ex: The film's supple structure, surprisingly light touch, and bravura performances make it perhaps the most fully formed, half-hearted goof ever.
    Ex: Throughout the year we collect bloopers, funny things that happen while we are producing the program.
    Ex: Gary's back pass took a bobble from a divot and in that moment Robinson suddenly found himself the subject of ridicule.
    * a base de cometer errores = the hard way.
    * a base de errores = the hard way.
    * a fuerza de cometer errores = the hard way.
    * a fuerza de errores = the hard way.
    * análisis de errores = error analysis.
    * aprender a fuerza de errores = learn by + trial and error.
    * aprender Algo a base de cometer errores = learn + Nombre + the hard way.
    * aprender Algo a fuerza de errores = learn + Nombre + the hard way.
    * aprender de errores = learn from + errors.
    * aprender por el método de ensayo y error = learn by + trial and error.
    * caer en el error de = fall into + the error of, blunder into.
    * cometer el error de = fall into + the error of, blunder into.
    * cometer errores por despiste = bump into + lampposts.
    * cometer un error = commit + error, make + mistake, make + error, be caught out, slip up.
    * cometer un error garrafal = commit + blunder, make + a bloomer, make + a blunder, drop + a clanger, drop + a bollock, blunder.
    * con errores = flawed.
    * con errores gramaticales = grammatically challenged, grammatically incorrect.
    * corregir errores = debug.
    * corregir un error = correct + error, amend + mistake, correct + a wrong, correct + Posesivo + mistake.
    * deshacer los errores cometidos = turn + the clock back.
    * detección de errores = error identification.
    * detectar un error = detect + error, spot + mistake, spot + error.
    * eliminar un error = remove + error.
    * error administrativo = clerical mistake, clerical error.
    * error craso = gross mistake, crass mistake, crass error, blunder, monumental mistake, monumental error.
    * error de cálculo = miscalculation, mathematical mistake, mathematical error, calculation error, calculation mistake.
    * error de communicación = miscommunication.
    * error de contenido = factual error.
    * error de copia = clerical error, clerical mistake.
    * error de diagnóstico = misdiagnosis [misdiagnoses, -pl.].
    * error de entendimiento = misunderstanding.
    * error de escritura = mistyping.
    * error de estilo = stylistic error.
    * error de juicio = misunderstanding, error of judgement.
    * error de la muestra = sampling error.
    * error de la naturaleza = freak of nature.
    * error de lectura = misreading.
    * error del original = sic, sic.
    * error de medición = error of measurement.
    * error de muestreo = sampling error.
    * error de percepción = misperception.
    * error de probabilidad = probability of error.
    * error de pronunciación = mispronunciation.
    * error de transposición = transposition error.
    * errores = floundering.
    * error estilístico = stylistic error.
    * error fatal = fatal mistake.
    * error garrafal = blunder, cock-up, crass mistake, crass error, gross mistake, monumental mistake, monumental error, clanger.
    * error gramatical = grammatical error.
    * error humano = human error.
    * error matemático = mathematical mistake, mathematical error.
    * error mecánico = machine error.
    * error mecanográfico = keying error.
    * error óptico = optical error.
    * error ortográfico = misspelling [mis-spelling], orthographic error, spelling mistake, spelling error.
    * error por omisión = omission failure.
    * error tipográfico = typing error, typing mistake, typographical error, typographical mistake, typo.
    * evitar un error = avoid + error.
    * gramática con errores = poor grammar.
    * identificación de errores = error identification.
    * lista de errores = error report.
    * lleno de errores = buggy [buggier -comp., buggiest -sup.].
    * margen de error = margin of error.
    * mensaje de error = error message.
    * no tener errores = be error-free.
    * nótese el error = sic.
    * patrón de errores = error pattern.
    * plagado de errores = buggy [buggier -comp., buggiest -sup.].
    * plagar de errores = litter with + failure.
    * por el método de ensayo y error = by trial and error, trial and error.
    * por error = by mistake.
    * propenso a errores = error prone, prone to error.
    * rectificar un error = rectify + failure.
    * sin errores = error-free.
    * subsanar un error = extirpate + error.
    * sujeto a errores = prone to error.
    * susceptible de error = susceptible to error, susceptible to mistake.
    * tasa de error = error rate.
    * tener errores = be flawed.
    * tolerancia al error = error tolerance, fault tolerance.
    * tolerante al error = fault tolerant, error tolerant.

    * * *
    mistake
    fue un error decírselo it was a mistake to tell him
    cometió varios errores importantes she made several serious mistakes o errors
    firmé el documento — ¡craso error! I signed the document — (that was a) big o bad mistake!
    estás en un error you're wrong o mistaken
    ¿quién lo va a sacar de su error? who's going to put him right? o ( BrE) set him straight?
    un grave error de cálculo a serious miscalculation
    un error de ortografía a spelling mistake
    salvo error u omisión ( fr hecha); errors and omissions excepted
    por error by mistake, in error ( frml)
    Compuestos:
    absolute error
    random error
    legal error
    factual error
    misprint, printer's error
    system error
    relative error
    syntax error
    * * *

     

    error sustantivo masculino
    mistake;
    ◊ cometer un error to make a mistake o an error;

    error de ortografía spelling mistake;
    error de cálculo miscalculation;
    error de imprenta misprint, printer's error;
    por error by mistake, in error (frml)
    error sustantivo masculino
    1 error, mistake
    cometimos el error de escucharle, we made the mistake of listening to him
    inducir a error, to lead into error
    2 (de un cálculo) error
    3 (fallo técnico) error: se lo enviamos por error, we sent it to him by mistake
    Impr error de imprenta/ tipográfico, misprint
    En general, mistake se refiere a errores causados por falta de conocimiento, capacidad o comprensión, mientras que error describe más bien errores causados por fallos en la producción o mal comportamiento. A menudo, la diferencia es mínima y se puede usar cualquiera de los dos términos: Cometió un error y fue a la cárcel. He made a mistake and went to prison. El accidente se debió a un error humano. The accident was due to human error.

    ' error' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    aberración
    - bestial
    - bestialidad
    - bulto
    - columpiarse
    - cometer
    - confusión
    - desacierto
    - desatino
    - desliz
    - despiste
    - enmendar
    - enorme
    - equivocación
    - equivocarse
    - falla
    - fallo
    - fatal
    - garrafal
    - gazapo
    - guardagujas
    - incidir
    - incorrección
    - incurrir
    - lectura
    - novatada
    - originar
    - patinazo
    - reconocer
    - rectificar
    - reparar
    - responder
    - subsanar
    - tipográfica
    - tipográfico
    - traspié
    - vista
    - yerro
    - caer
    - cálculo
    - calibre
    - caro
    - clásico
    - confesar
    - confundir
    - corriente
    - costoso
    - creces
    - descuido
    - desengañar
    English:
    allow for
    - amend
    - blunder
    - bug
    - commission
    - commit
    - crass
    - deny
    - error
    - expensive
    - fault
    - faux pas
    - goof
    - grievous
    - judgement
    - judgment
    - justice
    - lapse
    - make
    - margin
    - message
    - miscalculation
    - miscarriage
    - misprint
    - mistake
    - prove
    - retrieval
    - right
    - slip
    - spelling error
    - trial
    - wrong
    - admit
    - cost
    - cover
    - delusion
    - detection
    - disabuse
    - flaw
    - fundamental
    - genuine
    - glaring
    - grave
    - misconception
    - mislead
    - pay
    - same
    - spelling
    - spot
    - typing
    * * *
    error nm
    1. [falta, equivocación] mistake, error;
    fue un error invitarla a la fiesta it was a mistake to invite her to the party;
    debe de haber un error there must be a mistake;
    cometer un error to make a mistake;
    estar en un error to be mistaken;
    por error by mistake;
    me enviaron la carta por error they sent me the letter by mistake;
    sacar a alguien del error o [m5] de su error to put sb right;
    salvo error u omisión errors and omissions excepted
    error absoluto absolute error;
    error de bulto huge o big mistake;
    error de cálculo miscalculation;
    error de copia clerical error;
    error no forzado [en tenis] unforced error;
    error humano human error;
    error judicial miscarriage of justice;
    error mecanográfico typing error;
    error de muestreo sampling error;
    error relativo relative error;
    Informát error de sintaxis syntax error; Informát error del sistema system error;
    error típico standard error;
    error tipográfico typo, typographical error;
    error de traducción translation error
    2. Informát [en un programa] bug
    * * *
    m mistake, error;
    por error by mistake;
    caer en un error make a mistake;
    estar en un error be wrong o mistaken
    * * *
    error nm
    equivocación: error, mistake
    * * *
    error n mistake / error

    Spanish-English dictionary > error

  • 12 Sendung

    Sendung f 1. GEN broadcasting; 2. KOMM transmission; 3. LOGIS consignment; 4. MEDIA program (Radio, TV) • auf Sendung MEDIA, V&M on the air
    * * *
    f 1. < Geschäft> broadcasting; 2. < Komm> transmission; 3. < Transp> consignment; 4. < Medien> Radio, TV program ■ auf Sendung <Medien, V&M> on the air
    * * *
    Sendung
    (Absendung) forwarding, dispatch, (Fernsehen) telecast, television, (Geld) remittance, (Lieferung) delivery, (Postversand) posting (Br.), mailing (US), (Rundfunk) transmission, broadcast [talk], program(me), (Waren) consignment, invoice, lot, shipment;
    • beliebte Sendung high-rate program(me);
    • eingeschriebene Sendung registered letter (item);
    • fehlgeleitete Sendung misrouted freight;
    • pauschalverkaufte fertige Sendung package;
    • feststehende Sendung script show, hour;
    • frachtfreie Sendung carriage-paid consignment;
    • nicht freigemachte Sendung underpaid packet;
    • gemeinschaftliche Sendung (Werbefunk) cooperative program(me);
    • gemischte Sendung mixed shipment;
    • kleine Sendungen small consignments;
    • Muster-ohne-Wert-Sendung sample shipment (packet), parcel shipment;
    • nachgebührenpflichtige Sendungen items liable to surcharge (Br.);
    • nochmalige Sendung reconsignment;
    • portofreie Sendung prepaid remittance, free delivery;
    • rundfunkeigene Sendung sustained program (US);
    • unfrankierte Sendung unpaid remittance;
    • unverlangte Sendungen (Buchhandel) unsolicited deliveries;
    • unverpackte Sendung unpacked consignment;
    • unzustellbare Sendung dead (undeliverable) letter;
    • verspätete Sendung delayed delivery;
    • zollfreie Sendung duty-free delivery;
    • noch nicht zugestellte Sendungen parcels (letters) awaiting delivery;
    • zugkräftige Sendung audience builder;
    • zuschlagspflichtige Sendungen items liable to surcharge (Br.);
    • Sendung gegen Barzahlung cash consignment;
    • Sendung von Belegexemplaren sending of vouchers;
    • Sendung als Frachtgut consignment by goods train (Br.);
    • Sendung eines Konkurrenzprogramms opposite program(me);
    • Sendung gegen Nachnahme cash (collect, US) -on-delivery;
    • Sendung von Nachrichten (Rundfunk) newscast, news broadcast (bulletin), radio newsreel (Br.);
    • Sendung des Werbefunks (Rundfunk) commercial broadcast;
    • Sendung abrufen to call forward a shipment;
    • Sendung ausstrahlen (Rundfunk) to broadcast a program(me);
    • Sendungbeenden (einstellen) (Rundfunk) to go off the air;
    • auf Sendung gehen (Rundfunk) to sign on;
    • Sendung unterbrechen (Rundfunk) to interrupt the program(me);
    • Sendung zurückrufen to recall a consignment.

    Business german-english dictionary > Sendung

  • 13 Investitionshilfe

    Investitionshilfe
    investment assistance (aid), (Einkommensteuer) interim credit (US);
    • Investitionshilfeabgabe capital levy;
    • erwartete Investitionshöhe investment anticipation;
    • Investitionsimpuls incentive to invest;
    • Investitionskapital capital investment (invested), investment capital;
    • Investitionskapital für Erweiterungsprojekte development capital;
    • privates Investitionskapital in Entwicklungsländern zum Einsatz bringen to steer private investment into less developed countries;
    • Investitionsklima investment climate;
    • Investitionskonjunktur boom in capital investment, investment boom;
    • Investitionskonjunktur anheizen to fuel the fires of inflationary boom in business investments;
    • Investitionskontrolle control of investment, investment control;
    • staatliche Investitionskontrolle public investment control;
    • Investitionskontrolle weniger scharf handhaben to scrap investment controls;
    • Investitionskosten capital expense (charge), investment charges (expense);
    • nicht abschreibungsfähige Investitionskosten uncoverable cost;
    • Investitionskredit loan for the purpose of investment, investment credit (loan);
    • Investitionskriterium investment criterion;
    • Investitionskürzungen vornehmen to impair investments;
    • Investitionsleistungen investments effected, investment performance;
    • Investitionslenkung direction of capital investments, control of investment, investment control;
    • stufenweise Investitionslenkung phasing of investment;
    • bereitgestellte Investitionsmittel capital appropriation;
    • Investitionsmittelbedarf einschränken to reduce the requirements for capital;
    • Investitionsmöglichkeit ability to invest, investment outlet;
    • Investitionsmüdigkeit reluctance to invest;
    • Investitionsmultiplikator investment multiplier;
    • Investitionsneigung propensity to invest, capital intention;
    • Investitionsplan [capital] investment plan, capital (spending) budget;
    • Investitionsplanung planned investment, capital budgeting;
    • Investitionspolitik capital planning, investment policy;
    • bewegliche Investitionspolitik investment approach;
    • zielbewusste Investitionspolitik selective investing;
    • steuerliche Investitionsprämie investment tax credit;
    • Investitionsprognose capital forecasting;
    • Investitionsprogramm capital [expenditure] program(me), [capital] investment plan, program(me) of investment;
    • rasch ein breit gestreutes Investitionsprogramm anstreben to grow rapidly through diversification;
    • Streichungen bei dem Investitionsprogramm der öffentlichen Hand vornehmen to slash the public sector’s program(me);
    • Investitionsprojekt investment (capital) project, capital expenditure subject;
    • Investitionsprozess investment process;
    • Investitionsquote level of investment, investment quota (ratio);
    • optimale Investitionsquote golden rule of accumulation;
    • Investitionsrate rate of investment;
    • Investitionsrechnung capital expenditure account, discounted cashflow method;
    • Investitionsrendite investment return;
    • höchste Investitionsrendite highest rate of return on investment;
    • geringe Investitionsrentabilität lack of return on investment;
    • Investitionsrentabilitätsschätzung investment appraisal;
    • Investitionsrisiko investment (business) risk, risk of investment;
    • hohes Investitionsrisiko (EU) primary risk;
    • Investitionsrückgang decline of (in) investment, investment decline;
    • Investitionsschema pattern of investment;
    • Investitionsschutzabkommen investment guaranty treaty;
    • Investitionsschwund drop in investments;
    • Investitionssektor capital-goods sector;
    • Investitionssparkurve investment-saving curve;
    • Investitionsspritze shot in the arm (coll.);
    • Investitionssteigerung induced investment;
    • Investitionsstrom flow of investment;
    • Investitionstabelle investment schedule.

    Business german-english dictionary > Investitionshilfe

  • 14 курс дня

    1. current rate
    2. daily exchange

    посетитель, приходящий каждый день — daily visitor

    3. quotation of the day

    текущие дни; последовательные календарные дни — running days

    4. rate of the day

    день, когда часть команды увольняется на берег — liberty day

    Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > курс дня

  • 15 программа регулирования расхода

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > программа регулирования расхода

  • 16 acelerado

    adj.
    1 accelerated, fast-pace, fast, quick.
    2 frenetic, hyperactive.
    f. & m.
    hothead.
    past part.
    past participle of spanish verb: acelerar.
    * * *
    1→ link=acelerar acelerar
    1 accelerated, fast, quick
    * * *
    (f. - acelerada)
    adj.
    intensive, accelerated
    * * *
    ADJ
    1) (=rápido) [avance, crecimiento, ritmo] rapid
    2) [curso] intensive, crash antes de s
    3) * [persona] hyper *
    * * *
    - da adjetivo
    1) < curso> intensive, crash (before n)
    2) (fam) < persona> nervous
    * * *
    = exponential, rushed, quickened, fast-paced [fast paced], hurry up, rapid paced, accelerated.
    Ex. Information technology continues to develop at an exponential rate.
    Ex. Leforte could usually identify those footsteps easily; but today they sounded more rushed that what could normally be expected from the cataloging head.
    Ex. For a storyteller preparation is like rehearsal for an orchestra; there will be passages that need emphasis, and some that need a slow pace, others that need a quickened tempo, and so on = La preparación de un narrador de cuentos es como el ensayo de una orquesta; habrá pasajes que necesiten énfasis, otros un ritmo lento, otros un ritmo acelerado, etcétera.
    Ex. Access to current, reliable quality news is an important need in the fast-paced environment of all large corporations and service organisations.
    Ex. A library, even a small one in a home or a public place takes us out of our noisy, hurry up, present-minded lives and into what Keats called the world of 'silence and slow time'.
    Ex. This is a rapid paced, 30 minute session that introduces students to the concept of a search strategy and to various reference sources in print.
    Ex. The author locates the waning educational computing craze in the historical context of an ed-tech trajectory that has brought visions of accelerated academic achievement followed by disappointment.
    ----
    * crecimiento acelerado = rising tide.
    * curso acelerado = crash course.
    * de ritmo muy acelerado = hard-driving.
    * programa acelerado = crash program(me).
    * * *
    - da adjetivo
    1) < curso> intensive, crash (before n)
    2) (fam) < persona> nervous
    * * *
    = exponential, rushed, quickened, fast-paced [fast paced], hurry up, rapid paced, accelerated.

    Ex: Information technology continues to develop at an exponential rate.

    Ex: Leforte could usually identify those footsteps easily; but today they sounded more rushed that what could normally be expected from the cataloging head.
    Ex: For a storyteller preparation is like rehearsal for an orchestra; there will be passages that need emphasis, and some that need a slow pace, others that need a quickened tempo, and so on = La preparación de un narrador de cuentos es como el ensayo de una orquesta; habrá pasajes que necesiten énfasis, otros un ritmo lento, otros un ritmo acelerado, etcétera.
    Ex: Access to current, reliable quality news is an important need in the fast-paced environment of all large corporations and service organisations.
    Ex: A library, even a small one in a home or a public place takes us out of our noisy, hurry up, present-minded lives and into what Keats called the world of 'silence and slow time'.
    Ex: This is a rapid paced, 30 minute session that introduces students to the concept of a search strategy and to various reference sources in print.
    Ex: The author locates the waning educational computing craze in the historical context of an ed-tech trajectory that has brought visions of accelerated academic achievement followed by disappointment.
    * crecimiento acelerado = rising tide.
    * curso acelerado = crash course.
    * de ritmo muy acelerado = hard-driving.
    * programa acelerado = crash program(me).

    * * *
    A ‹curso› intensive, crash ( before n)
    íbamos a paso acelerado we were walking at a brisk pace
    B ( fam); ‹persona› nervous
    * * *

    Del verbo acelerar: ( conjugate acelerar)

    acelerado es:

    el participio

    Multiple Entries:
    acelerado    
    acelerar
    acelerado
    ◊ -da adjetivo ‹ curso› intensive, crash ( before n);

    a paso acelerado at a brisk pace
    acelerar ( conjugate acelerar) verbo transitivo
    a) ‹coche/motor›:



    ( sin desplazarse) he revved the engine o car (up)
    b) ‹proceso/cambio› to speed up;

    ‹ paso› to quicken
    verbo intransitivo
    a) (Auto) to accelerate


    acelerado,-a adjetivo accelerated, fast
    acelerar verbo transitivo & verbo intransitivo to accelerate
    ' acelerado' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    acelerada
    English:
    apace
    * * *
    acelerado, -a adj
    1. [rápido] rapid, quick
    2. Fís accelerated
    3. Fam
    estar acelerado [persona] to be hyper
    4. Aut
    el motor está acelerado the engine is racing
    * * *
    I adj
    1 nervous, het-up
    2
    :
    curso acelerado intensive course
    II part → acelerar
    * * *
    acelerado, -da adj
    : accelerated, speedy

    Spanish-English dictionary > acelerado

  • 17 adquisición

    f.
    acquisition, buy, purchase, acquirement.
    * * *
    1 acquisition (compra) buy, purchase
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=compra) acquisition, purchase
    oferta
    2) (=artículo comprado) acquisition
    3) (=persona) acquisition

    la cocinera ha sido una auténtica adquisición — * the cook is a real find *

    4) [de conocimientos, datos] acquisition
    5) [de costumbres] adoption
    * * *
    a) (objeto, cosa) acquisition
    b) ( acción) acquisition
    * * *
    = accession, acquisition, acquisition, procurement, purchase, elicitation, buy-in, getting.
    Ex. Subject to local circumstances, the size of a reserve store should be limited to the accommodation required for about five years' accessions at current rates.
    Ex. Almost inevitably then, many libraries will have acquisitions for which records are not available in a centralised cataloguing service.
    Ex. Mergers and acquisitions are playing an increasing important part in corporate strategies, stimulated by the scramble for market position in the new Europe.
    Ex. In 1983 the EC funded contracts which entailed the procurement of goods and services amounting to 400 million pounds.
    Ex. These details are primarily useful as a record of expenditure or to organisations or individuals contemplating the purchase of a work.
    Ex. Procedures of knowledge elicitation are described.
    Ex. The seminar will deal with the processes of developing and ensuring corporate buy-in to a digital preservation policy.
    Ex. I am an associate director for collections development, and my responsibilities relate to the getting and keeping of collections = Soy subdirector encargado del desarrollo de la colección y mis responsabilidades están relaconadas con la adquisición y mantenimiento de las colecciones.
    ----
    * adquisición cooperativa = cooperative acquisition.
    * adquisición de libros = book supply, book purchasing.
    * adquisición en línea = online acquisition.
    * adquisición gratuita = free acquisition.
    * adquisición pendiente de examen y aceptación = on approval acquisition, sending on approbation, sending on approval.
    * adquisición por compra o intercambio = non-gratuitous acquisition.
    * adquisición por legado = bequest acquisition.
    * adquisición por ordenador = computerised acquisition.
    * área del número normalizado y de las condiciones de adquisición = International Standard Book Number and terms of availability area, standard number and terms of availability area.
    * Asociación Nacional para Adquisiciones (NAG) = National Acquisitions Group (NAG).
    * basado en la adquisición de contenidos teóricos = content based.
    * bibliotecario encargado de las adquisiciones = acquisitions librarian.
    * centro de adquisiciones = acquisition centre.
    * condiciones de adquisición = obtainability conditions.
    * condiciones de adquisición y = terms of availability and/or price.
    * control de adquisiciones = acquisition control.
    * departamento de adquisiciones = acquisitions department.
    * fichero de adquisiciones = acquisition(s) file.
    * lista de nuevas adquisiciones = acquisitions list.
    * lista de últimas adquisiciones = accessions list, list of current acquisitions, addition list.
    * módulo de adquisiciones = acquisitions system, acquisitions module.
    * Módulo de Adquisiciones y Pedidos = Acquisitions and Ordering System.
    * número de adquisiciones = acquisition rate.
    * plan de adquisición de material a vista = approval plan.
    * plan de adquisiciones = acquisitions plan.
    * política de adquisiciones = acquisition policy [acquisitions policy], collection development [collections development], selection policy, collection policy.
    * presupuesto de adquisiciones = acquisitions budget.
    * presupuesto para adquisición de material = capital budget.
    * Programa Nacional para las Adquisiciones y la Catalogación (NPAC) = National Program for Acquisitions and Cataloging (NPAC).
    * sección de adquisiciones = acquisitions department, order department.
    * servicio de adquisiciones = acquisition routines, acquisition(s) service.
    * * *
    a) (objeto, cosa) acquisition
    b) ( acción) acquisition
    * * *
    = accession, acquisition, acquisition, procurement, purchase, elicitation, buy-in, getting.

    Ex: Subject to local circumstances, the size of a reserve store should be limited to the accommodation required for about five years' accessions at current rates.

    Ex: Almost inevitably then, many libraries will have acquisitions for which records are not available in a centralised cataloguing service.
    Ex: Mergers and acquisitions are playing an increasing important part in corporate strategies, stimulated by the scramble for market position in the new Europe.
    Ex: In 1983 the EC funded contracts which entailed the procurement of goods and services amounting to 400 million pounds.
    Ex: These details are primarily useful as a record of expenditure or to organisations or individuals contemplating the purchase of a work.
    Ex: Procedures of knowledge elicitation are described.
    Ex: The seminar will deal with the processes of developing and ensuring corporate buy-in to a digital preservation policy.
    Ex: I am an associate director for collections development, and my responsibilities relate to the getting and keeping of collections = Soy subdirector encargado del desarrollo de la colección y mis responsabilidades están relaconadas con la adquisición y mantenimiento de las colecciones.
    * adquisición cooperativa = cooperative acquisition.
    * adquisición de libros = book supply, book purchasing.
    * adquisición en línea = online acquisition.
    * adquisición gratuita = free acquisition.
    * adquisición pendiente de examen y aceptación = on approval acquisition, sending on approbation, sending on approval.
    * adquisición por compra o intercambio = non-gratuitous acquisition.
    * adquisición por legado = bequest acquisition.
    * adquisición por ordenador = computerised acquisition.
    * área del número normalizado y de las condiciones de adquisición = International Standard Book Number and terms of availability area, standard number and terms of availability area.
    * Asociación Nacional para Adquisiciones (NAG) = National Acquisitions Group (NAG).
    * basado en la adquisición de contenidos teóricos = content based.
    * bibliotecario encargado de las adquisiciones = acquisitions librarian.
    * centro de adquisiciones = acquisition centre.
    * condiciones de adquisición = obtainability conditions.
    * condiciones de adquisición y = terms of availability and/or price.
    * control de adquisiciones = acquisition control.
    * departamento de adquisiciones = acquisitions department.
    * fichero de adquisiciones = acquisition(s) file.
    * lista de nuevas adquisiciones = acquisitions list.
    * lista de últimas adquisiciones = accessions list, list of current acquisitions, addition list.
    * módulo de adquisiciones = acquisitions system, acquisitions module.
    * Módulo de Adquisiciones y Pedidos = Acquisitions and Ordering System.
    * número de adquisiciones = acquisition rate.
    * plan de adquisición de material a vista = approval plan.
    * plan de adquisiciones = acquisitions plan.
    * política de adquisiciones = acquisition policy [acquisitions policy], collection development [collections development], selection policy, collection policy.
    * presupuesto de adquisiciones = acquisitions budget.
    * presupuesto para adquisición de material = capital budget.
    * Programa Nacional para las Adquisiciones y la Catalogación (NPAC) = National Program for Acquisitions and Cataloging (NPAC).
    * sección de adquisiciones = acquisitions department, order department.
    * servicio de adquisiciones = acquisition routines, acquisition(s) service.

    * * *
    1 (objeto, cosa) acquisition
    ¿has visto mi última adquisición? have you seen my latest acquisition o purchase?
    la última adquisición de los Lakers ( Dep) the Lakers' latest acquisition
    2
    (acción): la adquisición de la casa the purchase of the house
    la adquisición de la lengua materna acquisition of the mother tongue
    el Picasso es de reciente adquisición the Picasso is a recent acquisition o purchase
    Compuesto:
    leveraged buyout
    * * *

     

    adquisición sustantivo femenino
    acquisition;
    ( compra) purchase
    adquisición sustantivo femenino
    1 acquisition
    2 (compra) buy, purchase
    ' adquisición' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    OPA
    English:
    acquisition
    - takeover bid
    - accession
    - purchase
    - take
    * * *
    1. [compra] purchase;
    ayudas para la adquisición de viviendas financial assistance for house buyers
    2. [de empresa] takeover
    3. [cosa comprada] purchase;
    nuestra casa fue una excelente adquisición our house was an excellent buy
    4. [de hábito, cultura] acquisition;
    adquisición de conocimientos acquisition of knowledge
    Ling adquisición lingüística language acquisition
    5. Fam [persona]
    el nuevo secretario es toda una adquisición the new secretary is quite a find
    * * *
    f acquisition;
    hacer una buena adquisición make a good purchase;
    gastos de adquisición acquisition costs;
    adquisición de clientes client acquisition
    * * *
    1) : acquisition
    2) compra: purchase

    Spanish-English dictionary > adquisición

  • 18 fichero en disco

    (n.) = disc file
    Ex. A print spooler is a software program used to capture printer output and send it to the computer's RAM or to disc file, then sending it to the printer at a rate it can handle.
    * * *
    (n.) = disc file

    Ex: A print spooler is a software program used to capture printer output and send it to the computer's RAM or to disc file, then sending it to the printer at a rate it can handle.

    Spanish-English dictionary > fichero en disco

  • 19 gestor de colas de impresión

    Ex. A print spooler is a software program used to capture printer output and send it to the computer's RAM or to disc file, then sending it to the printer at a rate it can handle.
    * * *

    Ex: A print spooler is a software program used to capture printer output and send it to the computer's RAM or to disc file, then sending it to the printer at a rate it can handle.

    Spanish-English dictionary > gestor de colas de impresión

  • 20 producción

    f.
    1 production, output, net quantity of produce yielded, produce.
    Ricardo le metió un gol a Tito Richard scored a goal against Tito.
    2 production.
    3 production, cultivation.
    * * *
    1 production
    \
    producción en cadena mass production
    * * *
    noun f.
    production, output
    * * *
    SF
    1) (Com) (=acción) production; (=cantidad) output
    2) (Literat, Mús) output
    3) (Cine, Teat) production

    producción propia — (TV) in-house production

    * * *
    1)
    a) (Com, Econ) (proceso, acción) production; ( cantidad) output, production
    b) ( conjunto de obras) output
    2) (Cin, Teatr, TV) production
    * * *
    = making, production, yield, throughput, vintage, release, output, writing, crafting.
    Ex. A producer is the person with final responsibility for the making of a motion picture, including business aspects, management of the production, and the commercial success of the film.
    Ex. Early work led to the production of over twenty special schemes in various areas of knowledge.
    Ex. Priority is awarded to projects with the following aims: oil and gas recovery, drilling, optimum use of natural gas, and maximising the yield by the use of enhanced recovery techniques.
    Ex. This revision to the Decimal Classification was adopted immediately by BNB, which would otherwise have found great difficulty in classifying much of its throughput.
    Ex. Bibliometric analyses confirmed that review articles on topics that are generating high levels of research activity tend to have relatively voluminous bibliographies made up of a disproportionate number of citations to source materials of very recent vintage.
    Ex. But first we must create the conditions for single-mindedness and hence the release of our energies (one senses much pent-up energy mixed up with our professional frustrations).
    Ex. A slight decline -- about 1% -- in the book title output of US publishers took place in 1988, compared with 1987, largely attributable to a falling-off of mass market paperback output, especially in fiction.
    Ex. His library, a rare survival of the Graeco-Roman period, comprised his own writings and philosophical readings.
    Ex. This volume tellingly reveals the many negotiations, improvisations, sleights-of-hand, and slipknots that were a part of the crafting of Hitchcock's films.
    ----
    * aumento de la producción = increased production.
    * cadena de producción = production chain, production line.
    * cadena de producción y distribución, la = supply chain, the.
    * campo petrolífero de producción regular = marginal field.
    * capacidad de producción = throughput.
    * coproducción = coproduction [co-production].
    * costes de producción = production costs.
    * costos de producción = production costs.
    * cuota de producción = production quota.
    * equipo de producción = production team, production equipment.
    * incremento de la producción = increased production.
    * indicador de producción = output indicator.
    * índice de producción = output indicator.
    * industria dedicada a la producción de carne de vaca, la = beef industry, the.
    * medios de producción = means of production.
    * producción agrícola = agricultural production.
    * producción alimenticia = food production.
    * producción asistida por ordenador (CAM) = CAM (computer-aided manufacturing).
    * producción bibliográfica = literature, bibliographic output.
    * producción bibliográfica sobre biblioteconomía = library literature.
    * producción cárnica = meat production.
    * producción científica = publication output, scientific output, research writings, scholarly literature, scholarly output.
    * producción científica de investigación = research literature.
    * producción cinematográfica = film making [filmmaking].
    * producción conjunta = joint production.
    * producción de alimentos = food production.
    * producción de artículos = article productivity.
    * producción de carne de vaca = beef production.
    * producción de documentos = document production.
    * producción de huevos = egg production.
    * producción de libros = book production, book publishing.
    * producción de vino = winemaking.
    * producción editorial = book production, book publishing, publishing output.
    * producción lechera = milk yield, milk production.
    * producción literaria = literature.
    * producción multimedia = media production.
    * producción teatral = theatre production.
    * relacionado con la producción = production-related.
    * tasa de producción = production rate.
    * vaca dedicada a la producción de leche = milk-producing cow.
    * zona de producción de trigo = wheatbelt.
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Com, Econ) (proceso, acción) production; ( cantidad) output, production
    b) ( conjunto de obras) output
    2) (Cin, Teatr, TV) production
    * * *
    = making, production, yield, throughput, vintage, release, output, writing, crafting.

    Ex: A producer is the person with final responsibility for the making of a motion picture, including business aspects, management of the production, and the commercial success of the film.

    Ex: Early work led to the production of over twenty special schemes in various areas of knowledge.
    Ex: Priority is awarded to projects with the following aims: oil and gas recovery, drilling, optimum use of natural gas, and maximising the yield by the use of enhanced recovery techniques.
    Ex: This revision to the Decimal Classification was adopted immediately by BNB, which would otherwise have found great difficulty in classifying much of its throughput.
    Ex: Bibliometric analyses confirmed that review articles on topics that are generating high levels of research activity tend to have relatively voluminous bibliographies made up of a disproportionate number of citations to source materials of very recent vintage.
    Ex: But first we must create the conditions for single-mindedness and hence the release of our energies (one senses much pent-up energy mixed up with our professional frustrations).
    Ex: A slight decline -- about 1% -- in the book title output of US publishers took place in 1988, compared with 1987, largely attributable to a falling-off of mass market paperback output, especially in fiction.
    Ex: His library, a rare survival of the Graeco-Roman period, comprised his own writings and philosophical readings.
    Ex: This volume tellingly reveals the many negotiations, improvisations, sleights-of-hand, and slipknots that were a part of the crafting of Hitchcock's films.
    * aumento de la producción = increased production.
    * cadena de producción = production chain, production line.
    * cadena de producción y distribución, la = supply chain, the.
    * campo petrolífero de producción regular = marginal field.
    * capacidad de producción = throughput.
    * coproducción = coproduction [co-production].
    * costes de producción = production costs.
    * costos de producción = production costs.
    * cuota de producción = production quota.
    * equipo de producción = production team, production equipment.
    * incremento de la producción = increased production.
    * indicador de producción = output indicator.
    * índice de producción = output indicator.
    * industria dedicada a la producción de carne de vaca, la = beef industry, the.
    * medios de producción = means of production.
    * producción agrícola = agricultural production.
    * producción alimenticia = food production.
    * producción asistida por ordenador (CAM) = CAM (computer-aided manufacturing).
    * producción bibliográfica = literature, bibliographic output.
    * producción bibliográfica sobre biblioteconomía = library literature.
    * producción cárnica = meat production.
    * producción científica = publication output, scientific output, research writings, scholarly literature, scholarly output.
    * producción científica de investigación = research literature.
    * producción cinematográfica = film making [filmmaking].
    * producción conjunta = joint production.
    * producción de alimentos = food production.
    * producción de artículos = article productivity.
    * producción de carne de vaca = beef production.
    * producción de documentos = document production.
    * producción de huevos = egg production.
    * producción de libros = book production, book publishing.
    * producción de vino = winemaking.
    * producción editorial = book production, book publishing, publishing output.
    * producción lechera = milk yield, milk production.
    * producción literaria = literature.
    * producción multimedia = media production.
    * producción teatral = theatre production.
    * relacionado con la producción = production-related.
    * tasa de producción = production rate.
    * vaca dedicada a la producción de leche = milk-producing cow.
    * zona de producción de trigo = wheatbelt.

    * * *
    A
    1 ( Com, Econ) (proceso, acción) production; (cantidad) output, production
    [ S ] uvas Lacalle; producción argentina Lacalle grapes; produce of Argentina
    su producción dramática es escasa his dramatic output is small, he has not written many plays
    la producción pictórica de Picasso the works of Picasso, Picasso's paintings
    Compuestos:
    ● producción en cadena or serie
    mass production
    sustained yield
    B ( Cin, Teatr, TV) (proceso, acción) production; (obra, película) production
    varios países participaron en la producción del programa various countries took part in producing the program o in the production of the program
    la etapa de producción the production stage
    una producción de la BBC a BBC production
    * * *

     

    producción sustantivo femenino
    1 (Com, Econ) (proceso, acción) production;
    ( cantidad) output, production;
    producción en cadena or serie mass production
    2 (Cin, Teatr, TV) production
    producción sustantivo femenino
    1 (proceso) production
    producción en serie, mass production
    2 (resultado) output, products
    la producción aumentó un diez por ciento, production increased by ten percent
    producción lechera, dairy produce
    3 (de una película, disco, etc) production
    ' producción' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    elaboración
    - error
    - excedente
    - pantalla
    - remanente
    - saquería
    - sedería
    - activar
    - arrocero
    - aumentar
    - cadena
    - cuota
    - déficit
    - disminuir
    - diversificar
    - impulsar
    - lechero
    - montar
    - paralizar
    - reducir
    - retrasar
    - variar
    - vinícola
    English:
    cut back
    - domestic
    - foreman
    - making
    - manufacturing capacity
    - mass production
    - output
    - production
    - scale down
    - step up
    - wind down
    - work
    - out
    * * *
    1. [acción] production;
    [producto] product;
    se ha incrementado la producción de acero steel production has increased;
    un autor con una extensa producción poética an author with an extensive poetic output
    Ind producción en cadena mass production; Ind producción en serie mass production
    2. Cine & TV production;
    una producción de TVE a TVE production
    * * *
    f production
    * * *
    1) : production
    2)
    producción en serie : mass production
    * * *
    1. (elaboración) production
    ¿quién se encarga de la producción? who's in charge of production?

    Spanish-English dictionary > producción

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