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processing+situation

Толкование Перевод

1 processing situation

SAP. ситуация обработки

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > processing situation
2 processing situation

ситуация обработки

English-Russian IT glossary > processing situation
3 center

центр; пункт; пост; узел; середина; научпо-иселсдовагсльскпй центр, НИЦ; выводить на середину; арт. корректировать; центрировать;

air C3 center — центр руководства, управления и связи ВВС

air defense training and test(ing) center — учебно-испытательный центр ПВО

airborne battlefield C2 center — ВКП оперативного управления боевыми действиями

Armored (Combat) Training center — учебный центр бронетанковых войск

Army aviation (tactical) center — центр управления действиями армейской авиации

Defense Logistics (Services) center — центр тылового обеспечения МО

general supply (commodity) center — центр [пункт] снабжения предметами общего предназначения

hard launch (operations) control center — ркт. центр [пункт] управления пуском, защищенный от (поражающих факторов) ЯВ

large-scale surface C2 center — крупный наземный центр оперативного управления

launch (operations) control center — ркт. пункт управления стартового комплекса [пуском ракет]

military air traffic (control) center — военный центр УВД

mountain (warfare) training center — центр обучения войск действиям в горах

rear area operation(s) center — оперативный центр тылового района

replacement (depot) training center — учебный центр подготовки пополнений

sector (air operations) control center — центр управления действиями авиации в секторе ПВО

situation center (White House) — центр оценки обстановки (в Белом доме)

space defense C2 center — центр оперативного управления средствами ПКО

tactical fighter weapons (employment development) center — центр разработки способов боевого применения оружия истребителей ТА

— AA defense center

— accounting and finance center

— action center

— action information center

— Adjutant General center

— administrative center

— administrative support operations center

— advanced intelligence center

— advanced message center

— advanced signal center

— Advanced Simulation center

— adventure training center

— aerial embarkation center

— aeromedical evacuation control center

— aeronautical chart and information center

— aeronautical systems center

— Aerospace center

— Aerospace Defense center

— Aerospace Guidance center

— aerospace technical intelligence center

— AG center

— AG message center

— aggressor center

— air combat operations control center

— air control and reporting center

— air control center

— air coordination center

— air defense area operations center

— air defense control center

— air defense direction center

— air defense filter center

— air defense missile systems operations control center

— air defense national center

— air defense notification center

— air defense operations center

— air defense sector operations center

— air defense technical center

— air defense training center

— Air Defense Weapons center

— air defense zone operations center

— air direction center

— Air Force Armament center

— Air Force combat intelligence center

— Air Force Cryptologic Support center

— Air Force Engineering and Services center

— Air Force Inspection and Safety center

— Air Force Intelligence center

— Air Force Legal Services center

— Air Force Manpower and Personnel center

— Air Force Medical Service center

— Air Force Missile Development center

— Air Force Service Information and News center

— Air Force Space and Missile Test center

— Air Force Special Forces center

— Air Force Special Weapons center

— Air Force tactical center

— Air Force technical training center

— Air Force Test and Evaluation center

— air logistics coordination center

— air reconnaissance control center

— air rescue control center

— air rescue coordination center

— Air Reserve Personnel center

— air route traffic control center

— air safety center

— air situation information collecting and warning center

— air support operations center

— air tactical operations center

— air training center

— airborne control center

— airborne direct air support center

— airborne launch control center

— airborne operations center

— airborne signal center

— aircraft control center

— airfield center

— air-ground weather center

— airhead air traffic coordination center

— airlift control center

— airlift coordination center

— alert center

— alert defense center

— Allied Command Operations center

— Allied Press Information center

— Allied Sector Operations center

— Allied Signal Training center

— Allied Tactical Air Force command center

— Allied Tactical Operations center

— all-sources intelligence center

— alternate joint communications center

— Alternate National Military Command center

— alternate signal center

— amphibious control center

— amphibious training center

— analysis center

— aquatic training center

— Arctic Test center

— Arctic Training center

— Arctic-Desert Tropic Information center

— area combined movements center

— area communications center

— area control center

— area damage control center

— area security coordination center

— area signal center

— arm training center

— armament and combat vehicle center

— Armament Development and Test center

— Armament Maintenance Management Information center

— Armed Forces Command center

— Armed Forces Recreation center

— Armed Forces Reserve center

— Army Administration center

— Army BM Defense Advanced Research center

— Army BM Defense Advanced Technology center

— Army center of Military History

— Army Foreign Science and Technology center

— Army Intelligence center

— Army Logistics Management center

— Army Medical Materiel center

— Army Missile and Munitions center and School

— Army Missile Development center

— Army Missile Test center

— Army Mobility Research center

— Army Ordnance center and School

— Army Pacific Area Documentation center

— Army Photo center

— Army photographic interpretation center

— Army Regional Medical center

— Army Reserve Components Personnel and Administration center

— Army Security Assistance center

— Army tactical operations center

— Army Youth Selection center

— artillery direction center

— assessment center

— attack center

— automated mobile air defense center

— automatic data processing service center

— automatic data processing training center

— automatic data service center

— automatic digital message switching center

— automatic switching center

— aviation maintenance center

— base defense operations center

— base operations center

— basic training center

— battalion fire distribution center

— battalion maintenance center

— battalion operations center

— battery center

— battle simulation center

— battlefield information coordination center

— battlefield intelligence coordination center

— battlefield surveillance center

— BM Defense Research center

— BM Radiation Analysis center

— BM training center

— branch training center

— briefing center

— burst center

— burst error center

— C center

— C Technical center

— casualty reception center

— center for Communications Sciences

— center for Defense Information

— center for Disarmament

— center for Naval Analysis

— center for Strategic and International Studies

— center of combat

— center of impact

— center of mass

— center of resistance

— central stock control center

— central warning center

— channel and message switching center

— CIA Operations center

— CIA regional center

— civic center

— civil emergency operations center

— civilian internee information center

— Civilian Personnel center

— classification and reclamation center

— classified message center

— close air support center

— clothing exchange center

— coast spotting center

— code center

— cold regions test center

— cold weather training center

— collecting center

— combat control center

— combat crew replacement center

— combat development and test center

— combat development experimental center

— combat development experimentation center

— combat employment development center

— combat information center

— combat operations center

— combat support training center

— combat training center

— combined arms center

— combined arms simulation center

— combined arms training center

— command and operations center

— command center

— command operations center

— command signal center

— communications center

— communications centers operation control center

— communications monitoring center

— communications security center

— communications switching center

— communications system control center

— communications system planning center

— communications technical control center

— communications-electronics center

— community services center

— computation center

— computer-assisted designing equipment center

— computerized intelligence collection center

— construction supply center

— contamination center

— control and reporting center

— control center

— control communications center

— coordinating center

— coordination center

— coordination computer center

— corps press information center

— counterair operations center

— counterintelligence center

— counterintelligence interrogation center

— crisis relocation center

— critical logistics center

— cryptographic center

— cultural information analysis center

— damage assessment center

— damage control center

— decontamination center

— deep underground command center

— defense center

— Defense Clothing and Textile Supply center

— Defense Communications Agency Operations center

— Defense Communications Engineering center

— Defense Construction Supply center

— Defense Documentation center

— Defense Electronics Supply center

— Defense Fuel Supply center

— Defense Industrial Plant Equipment center

— Defense Industrial Supply center

— Defense Mapping Agency Aerospace center

— Defense Mapping Agency Topographic center

— Defense Medical Supply center

— Defense Personnel Support center

— Defense Problems Information center

— Defense Security Clearance center

— Defense Supply center

— deployment control center

— desert training center

— design center

— detailed interrogation center

— detention center

— development center

— direct air support center

— direction center

— Disciplinary Correction center

— disciplinary training center

— dispersion center

— distribution center

— district air support center

— district HQ command center

— doctrinal center

— documentation center

— drill center

— drone control center

— educational center

— electromagnetic compatibility analysis center

— electronic data processing center

— electronic data transmission control center

— electronic intelligence center

— electronics supply center

— emergency control center

— emergency decontamination center

— emergency operations center

— engineer replacement training center

— Enlisted Evaluation center

— Enlisted Records and Evaluation center

— entertainment center

— environment prediction center

— equipment depot center

— Euro Training center

— European Defense Analysis center

— evacuation center

— evaluation center

— EW coordination center

— EW intelligence operations center

— experimental engineer construction center

— experimentation center

— exploitation center

— explosive ordnance disposal coordination center

— FA tactical operations center

— family and community center

— family life center

— family welcome center

— Federal contract research center

— federal emergency operating center

— Federal Warning center

— Field Army tactical operations center

— field maintenance center

— fighter control center

— finance center

— fire control center

— fire direction center

— fire distribution center

— fire section center

— fire-support control center

— fire-support coordination center

— first-aid decontamination center

— fixed communications center

— Fleet Analysis center

— Fleet Anti-Air Warfare center

— Fleet Anti-Air Weapon Training center

— Fleet BM center

— Fleet Combat Training center

— Fleet Command center

— Fleet Loading center

— flight communications center

— flight control center

— flight coordination center

— food service center

— foreign military aid training center

— foreign military assistance training center

— foreign science and technology center

— fortified center

— fortified signal center

— forward area communications center

— forward area signal center

— forward communications center

— forward direction center

— forward electrical/electronic service center

— forward signal center

— general development center

— general support center

— general technical support center

— geodetic survey information center

— ground support equipment center

— guided weapon center

— helicopter direction center

— helicopter logistic support center

— High Energy Laser center

— Home Town News center

— human resources research center

— imagery interpretation center

— imagination center

— indoctrination center

— industrial supply center

— infantry training center

— infiltration surveillance center

— information center

— information computer center

— information mapping center

— initial training center

— in-out processing center

— integrated operational intelligence center

— intelligence and operational information collection center

— intelligence center

— intelligence fusion center

— intelligence information center

— intelligence operations center

— intelligence processing and evaluation center

— intelligence threat analysis center

— interrogation center

— inventory control center

— joint air-photo center

— Joint Army-Navy Information center

— joint command operations' center

— joint EW center

— joint nuclear accidents coordinating center

— joint operations center

— joint operations integrated center

— Joint Reconnaissance center

— Joint Refugee Operations center

— joint search and rescue center

— jump tactical operations center

— jungle operations training center

— jungle warfare training center

— labor supervision center

— Land Warfare center

— land-based signal monitoring center

— Landing Force Training center

— landing zone control center

— Leadership and Management Development center

— learning resource center

— Library Service center

— logistical center

— logistical operations center

— logistics communications center

— logistics coordinating center

— logistics readiness center

— logistics services center

— logistics support operations center

— main command center

— Main Naval Communications center

— main signal center

— maintenance center

— maintenance control center

— maintenance management center

— major development center

— management center

— map distribution center

— Marine Corps Air Ground Intelligence center

— Marine Corps Air/Ground Combat Training center

— Marine Corps Development center

— Marine Corps Emergency Operations center

— Marine Corps Landing Force Development center

— market center

— material and maintenance control center

— material management center

— Materials and Mechanics Research center

— materials information center

— materiel maintenance center

— medical control center

— medical hospital center

— medical training center

— message center

— message processing center

— metrology and calibration center

— military aircraft storage and disposition center

— military center

— military corrective training center

— military intelligence detachment communications center

— Military Intelligence Unit Training center

— Military Personnel center

— military personnel records center

— military R & D center

— military service propaganda center

— military space surveillance center

— military subsistence market center

— missile and munitions center

— missile center

— missile defense center

— missile development center

— missile operations center

— missile space center

— missile warning center

— mobile air combat operations center

— mobile communications center

— mobile computation center

— mobile ground combat information center

— mobile signal center

— Mobility Equipment R&D center

— mobilization center

— mock center

— modification center

— mortar-fire control center

— mortar-fire direction center

— motor transport center

— movement control center

— movement report control center

— MP training center

— multinational nuclear fuel cycle center

— multiservice center

— National Assessment center

— National Bidders Control center

— National Civil Defense Warning center

— National Command center

— National Communications System Operations center

— National Damage Assessment center

— National Defense Communications Control center

— National Foreign Information Assessment center

— National Indications center

— National Intelligence Objectives center

— National Internal Defense Coordination center

— National Military Command center

— National Military Communications center

— National Military Intelligence center

— National Naval Medical center

— National Personnel Records center

— National Photographic Interpretation center

— National SIGINT Operations center

— National Space Surveillance Control center

— National Training center

— NATO Maintenance Supply Service center

— NATO Supply center

— Naval Air Missile center

— Naval Air Propulsion Test center

— Naval Command center

— naval gunfire operation center

— Naval Intelligence Support center

— Naval Missile center

— Naval Surface Weapons center

— Naval Training Equipment center

— Naval Undersea Warfare center

— NBC collection center

— NBC control center

— NBC information collection center

— NBC sub-collection center

— network control center

— night observation device information analysis center

— nodal communication center

— North American Air Defense Combat Operations center

— Northern Warfare Training center

— nuclear fuel cycle center

— nuclear production center

— nuclear weapons training center

— officer evaluation center

— officer evaluations training center

— operational center

— operational tactical control center

— operations control center

— ordnance center

— ordnance test center

— overseas replacement center

— over-the-counter message center

— pathfinder control center

— Personnel and Administration center

— personnel data center

— personnel management center

— personnel operations center

— personnel records center

— personnel recovery center

— planning center

— post concentration center

— premission briefing center

— printing and publications center

— prisoner interrogation center

— prisoner of war/civilian internee center

— programming and trainmg center

— programming center

— public works center

— PW exploitation center

— PW information center

— radar direction center

— radar information processing center

— radiation analysis center

— radio reception center

— radio teletype message center

— radio transmission center

— radiological center

— range center

— rear area combat operations center

— rear area information/intelligence center

— rear security control center

— rear switching center

— reassignment center

— recreational services support center

— recruit training center

— recruiting center

— referral center

— regional control center

— regional operations center

— rehabilitation training center

— relay communications center

— religious retreat center

— relocation center

— remote area conflict information center

— report center

— Reserve Components Personnel and Administration center

— reserve training center

— resource control center

— rest center

— restructured general support center

— retraining center

— rural civilian defense center

— salvage center

— SAM coordinate center

— secured communications center

— Security Assistance Accounting center

— security clearance center

— seismic array analysis center

— semi-automatic ground environment manual control center

— service center

— service operations center

— SHAPE Alternate Command center

— SHAPE Data Retrieval center

— signal center

— signal technical control center

— simulation center

— skill development center

— soft launch control center

— soldier support center

— Sonar Research center

— Space Computation center

— space defense center

— Space Defense Operations center

— space operations center

— space support center

— Space Technology center

— special air warfare center

— special communications center

— Special Forces Support center

— special treatment center

— special warfare center

— special weapons center

— special weapons operations center

— specialist training center

— standards information center

— standby center

— standby local early warning and control center

— stationary signal center

— stock control center

— Strategic and International Studies center

— strategic center of gravity

— strategic concepts development center

— strategic planning center

— subcollection center

— supply center

— supporting arms coordinating center

— supporting signal center

— surveillance center

— survey information center

— switching center

— systems operation center

— Tactical Air Combat Employment center

— tactical air command center

— tactical air control center

— tactical air coordination center

— tactical air direction center

— tactical air operations center

— tactical air reconnaissance center

— tactical air support center

— tactical air warfare center

— tactical aircraft forward direction center

— tactical airlift center

— tactical army operations center

— tactical aviation warning and control center

— tactical control center

— tactical flag command center

— tactical intelligence center

— tactical operations center

— tactical support center

— tactical unit operations center

— Tactical Warfare center

— tactical weapons guidance and control information and analysis center

— target information center

— target processing center

— targeting center

— technical application center

— technical checkup center

— technical intelligence center

— technical training center

— telecommunications center

— teletypewriter relay center

— teletypewriter switching center

— test center

— theater joint operations center

— training aids support center

— training and experimental center

— Training center and Air Defense School

— Training center and Army Security Agency School

— Training center and Military Intelligence School

— Training center and Ordnance and Chemical School

— training center

— trajectory center

— transport aviation combat employment development center

— transport control center

— transportation and movements control center

— Tropic Test center

— tropospheric communications center

— trunk switching center

— UN center for Disarmament

— underwater situation evaluation center

— urban center

— vacation center

— vehicle maintenance center

— vehicle-based mobile signal center

— vehicle-collecting center

— vocational training center

— warning center

— weapon systems programs center

— weapon training center

— weapons information and analysis center

— weapons monitoring center

— weapons systems management center

— wheeled vehicle maintenance center

— winter warfare training center

— wire distribution center

English-Russian military dictionary > center
4 handling

noun, no pl.

1) (management) Handhabung, die; (of troops, workforce, bargaining, discussion) Führung, die; (of situation, class, crowd) Umgang, der (of mit)

2) (use) Handhabung, die; (Motor Veh.) Fahrverhalten, das; Handling, das

3) (treatment) Behandlung, die

the child needs firm handling — das Kind braucht eine feste Hand

4) (processing) Beförderung, die; (of passengers) Abfertigung, die

* * *

han·dling

[ˈhændl̩ɪŋ]

n no pl

1. (act of touching) Berühren nt

2. (treatment) Handhabung f (of + gen); of person Behandlung f (of + gen), Umgang m (of mit + dat); of a theme [literarische] Abhandlung

he made his reputation through his \handling of the Cuban missile crisis er erwarb sich seinen Ruf durch die erfolgreiche Bewältigung der Kubakrise

3. (settlement) Erledigung f, Abwicklung f (of + gen)

4. (using a machine) Umgang m (of mit + dat), Handhabung f (of + gen); of vehicle Fahrverhalten nt

power steering improves a car's \handling eine Servolenkung erleichtert die Lenkung eines Autos

5. (processing of material) Verarbeitung f (of + gen); (treating of material) Bearbeitung f (of mit + dat)

* * *
['hndlɪŋ]
n

1) (= touching) Berühren nt

2) (of plant, animal, matter, problem) Behandlung f (
of +gen); (of person, patient etc) Umgang m (of mit), Behandlung f ( of +gen); (of vehicle, plane, ship, drug, explosive) Umgang m (of mit); (of tool, weapon, machine) Umgang m (of mit), Handhabung f; (of writer's material) Verarbeitung f, Bearbeitung f; (of legal or financial matters) Erledigung f; (= official handling of matters, of legal case) Bearbeitung f
his adroit handling of the car/troops — sein geschickter Umgang mit dem Auto/den Truppen

her adroit handling of the economy — ihre geschickte Handhabung der Wirtschaft

the policeman's tactful handling of the drunk/crowd — das taktvolle Verhalten des Polizisten gegenüber dem Betrunkenen/der Menge

his handling of the matter/situation — die Art, wie er die Angelegenheit/die Situation angefasst hat

his successful handling of the crisis/task — seine Bewältigung der Krise/der Aufgabe

his expert handling of the deal — sein Geschick beim Abschluss des Geschäfts

toxic waste requires very careful handling — mit Giftmüll muss sehr vorsichtig umgegangen werden

this package needs careful handling — dieses Paket muss vorsichtig behandelt werden

these goods were damaged in handling (Comm) — diese Waren wurden beschädigt

3)

(of vehicle) what's its handling like? — wie fährt es sich?

a car not renowned for its easy handling — ein Auto, das sich nicht gerade durch leichte Lenkung auszeichnet

* * *

handling s

1. Berührung f

2. Handhabung f, Gebrauch m

3. Durchführung f, Erledigung f

4. Behandlung f

5. WIRTSCH Beförderung f, Weiterleitung f

6. Fußball: Handspiel n:

be cautioned for handling wegen Handspiels verwarnt werden

* * *

noun, no pl.

1) (management) Handhabung, die; (of troops, workforce, bargaining, discussion) Führung, die; (of situation, class, crowd) Umgang, der (of mit)

2) (use) Handhabung, die; (Motor Veh.) Fahrverhalten, das; Handling, das

3) (treatment) Behandlung, die

the child needs firm handling — das Kind braucht eine feste Hand

4) (processing) Beförderung, die; (of passengers) Abfertigung, die

* * *

n.

Bedienung f.

Behandlung f.

Handhabung f.

Warenumschlag m.

English-german dictionary > handling
5 Computers

   1) A Comparison of the Digital Computer and the Brain

   The brain has been compared to a digital computer because the neuron, like a switch or valve, either does or does not complete a circuit. But at that point the similarity ends. The switch in the digital computer is constant in its effect, and its effect is large in proportion to the total output of the machine. The effect produced by the neuron varies with its recovery from [the] refractory phase and with its metabolic state. The number of neurons involved in any action runs into millions so that the inﬂuence of any one is negligible.... Any cell in the system can be dispensed with.... The brain is an analogical machine, not digital. Analysis of the integrative activities will probably have to be in statistical terms. (Lashley, quoted in Beach, Hebb, Morgan & Nissen, 1960, p. 539)

   2) Computers Do Not Crunch Numbers, They Manipulate Symbols

   It is essential to realize that a computer is not a mere "number cruncher," or supercalculating arithmetic machine, although this is how computers are commonly regarded by people having no familiarity with artificial intelligence. Computers do not crunch numbers; they manipulate symbols.... Digital computers originally developed with mathematical problems in mind, are in fact general purpose symbol manipulating machines....

   The terms "computer" and "computation" are themselves unfortunate, in view of their misleading arithmetical connotations. The definition of artificial intelligence previously cited-"the study of intelligence as computation"-does not imply that intelligence is really counting. Intelligence may be defined as the ability creatively to manipulate symbols, or process information, given the requirements of the task in hand. (Boden, 1981, pp. 15, 16-17)

   3) Getting Computers to Explain Things to Themselves

   The task is to get computers to explain things to themselves, to ask questions about their experiences so as to cause those explanations to be forthcoming, and to be creative in coming up with explanations that have not been previously available. (Schank, 1986, p. 19)

   4) Some Limits of Artificial Intelligence

   In What Computers Can't Do, written in 1969 (2nd edition, 1972), the main objection to AI was the impossibility of using rules to select only those facts about the real world that were relevant in a given situation. The "Introduction" to the paperback edition of the book, published by Harper & Row in 1979, pointed out further that no one had the slightest idea how to represent the common sense understanding possessed even by a four-year-old. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 102)

   5) The Computer as a Humanizing Inﬂuence

   A popular myth says that the invention of the computer diminishes our sense of ourselves, because it shows that rational thought is not special to human beings, but can be carried on by a mere machine. It is a short stop from there to the conclusion that intelligence is mechanical, which many people find to be an affront to all that is most precious and singular about their humanness.

   In fact, the computer, early in its career, was not an instrument of the philistines, but a humanizing inﬂuence. It helped to revive an idea that had fallen into disrepute: the idea that the mind is real, that it has an inner structure and a complex organization, and can be understood in scientific terms. For some three decades, until the 1940s, American psychology had lain in the grip of the ice age of behaviorism, which was antimental through and through. During these years, extreme behaviorists banished the study of thought from their agenda. Mind and consciousness, thinking, imagining, planning, solving problems, were dismissed as worthless for anything except speculation. Only the external aspects of behavior, the surface manifestations, were grist for the scientist's mill, because only they could be observed and measured....

   It is one of the surprising gifts of the computer in the history of ideas that it played a part in giving back to psychology what it had lost, which was nothing less than the mind itself. In particular, there was a revival of interest in how the mind represents the world internally to itself, by means of knowledge structures such as ideas, symbols, images, and inner narratives, all of which had been consigned to the realm of mysticism. (Campbell, 1989, p. 10)

   6) The Intentionality of Computers Is Essentially Borrowed, Hence Derivative

   [Our artifacts] only have meaning because we give it to them; their intentionality, like that of smoke signals and writing, is essentially borrowed, hence derivative. To put it bluntly: computers themselves don't mean anything by their tokens (any more than books do)-they only mean what we say they do. Genuine understanding, on the other hand, is intentional "in its own right" and not derivatively from something else. (Haugeland, 1981a, pp. 32-33)

   7) The Possibility of Computer Thought

   he debate over the possibility of computer thought will never be won or lost; it will simply cease to be of interest, like the previous debate over man as a clockwork mechanism. (Bolter, 1984, p. 190)

   8) We Are Getting Better at Building Even Better Computers, an Ever- Escalating Upward Spiral

   t takes us a long time to emotionally digest a new idea. The computer is too big a step, and too recently made, for us to quickly recover our balance and gauge its potential. It's an enormous accelerator, perhaps the greatest one since the plow, twelve thousand years ago. As an intelligence amplifier, it speeds up everything-including itself-and it continually improves because its heart is information or, more plainly, ideas. We can no more calculate its consequences than Babbage could have foreseen antibiotics, the Pill, or space stations.

   Further, the effects of those ideas are rapidly compounding, because a computer design is itself just a set of ideas. As we get better at manipulating ideas by building ever better computers, we get better at building even better computers-it's an ever-escalating upward spiral. The early nineteenth century, when the computer's story began, is already so far back that it may as well be the Stone Age. (Rawlins, 1997, p. 19)

   9) Weak Artificial Intelligence and Strong Artificial Intelligence

   According to weak AI, the principle value of the computer in the study of the mind is that it gives us a very powerful tool. For example, it enables us to formulate and test hypotheses in a more rigorous and precise fashion than before. But according to strong AI the computer is not merely a tool in the study of the mind; rather the appropriately programmed computer really is a mind in the sense that computers given the right programs can be literally said to understand and have other cognitive states. And according to strong AI, because the programmed computer has cognitive states, the programs are not mere tools that enable us to test psychological explanations; rather, the programs are themselves the explanations. (Searle, 1981b, p. 353)

    10) Why People Are Smarter Than Computers

   What makes people smarter than machines? They certainly are not quicker or more precise. Yet people are far better at perceiving objects in natural scenes and noting their relations, at understanding language and retrieving contextually appropriate information from memory, at making plans and carrying out contextually appropriate actions, and at a wide range of other natural cognitive tasks. People are also far better at learning to do these things more accurately and ﬂuently through processing experience.

   What is the basis for these differences? One answer, perhaps the classic one we might expect from artificial intelligence, is "software." If we only had the right computer program, the argument goes, we might be able to capture the ﬂuidity and adaptability of human information processing. Certainly this answer is partially correct. There have been great breakthroughs in our understanding of cognition as a result of the development of expressive high-level computer languages and powerful algorithms. However, we do not think that software is the whole story.

   In our view, people are smarter than today's computers because the brain employs a basic computational architecture that is more suited to deal with a central aspect of the natural information processing tasks that people are so good at.... hese tasks generally require the simultaneous consideration of many pieces of information or constraints. Each constraint may be imperfectly specified and ambiguous, yet each can play a potentially decisive role in determining the outcome of processing. (McClelland, Rumelhart & Hinton, 1986, pp. 3-4)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Computers
6 APS

1) Компьютерная техника: Active Pixel Sensor, Active Pixel Sensors, Advanced Production System, All Processes Suspended, Application Print Services, Application Protection System, adaptive polarization shaping, Advances Planning and Scheduling, система оптимизационного планирования производства

2) Биология: adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate

3) Авиация: рейтинг контроля подхода по средствам наблюдения

4) Морской термин: (Arrival Pilot Station) Пункт (порт) начала лоцманской проводки

5) Медицина: autoimmune polyglandular syndrome, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, антитромбоцитарная иммунная сыворотка

6) Спорт: Air Precision Shooting

7) Военный термин: ASARS Processing Segment, ASARS-II Processing Segment, Advanced Power System, Afloat Pre-positioning Ship, Air Pictorial Service, Air Planning System, Allied publications, Army Pictorial Service, Army Pilot School, Army Postal Service, Automatic Point And Shoot, Automatic Provisioning System, accessory power supply, active protection system, actual parade state, advanced personnel system, aerial port squadron, airborne pulse search, antenna pointing subsystem, armor-piercing shell, assistant private secretary, automatic programming system, auxiliary power supply, auxiliary propulsion system

8) Техника: American Physic Society, accident-prone situation, acoustical protection system, adaptive processor sonar, aft propulsion system, air breathing propulsion system, airborne pulse search radar, ammonium polysulfide, amplifier power supply, angular position sensor, arc-plasma spraying, automatic positioning system, automatic protection switch

9) Химия: аммония персульфат (Ammonium PerSulphate), полисульфид аммония (ammonium polysulfide)

10) Юридический термин: Adult Protective Services, Attending Physicians Statements

11) Автомобильный термин: absolute pressure sensor (GM), atmospheric pressure sensor (Mazda), Acoustic Parking System

12) Ветеринария: American Physiological Society

13) Оптика: advanced photon source

14) Телевидение: automatic program search

15) Телекоммуникации: Affordable Portable Services, Automatic Protection Switching (SONET)

16) Сокращение: Academy of Political Science, Adaptive Processor System (sonar), Address Program Support Office (Office of Operations Support), Adjustment Processing System, Advanced Fighter Crew Protection System, Advanced Planning System, Advanced Planning and Scheduling, Advanced Propulsion System, Aerial Post Squadron (USAF), Afloat Planning System (USA), Afloat Planning System, Aiming & Pointing System, Aiming and Pointing System (USMC), Aircraft Position Sensor, Aircraft Prepared for Service, American Peace Society, American Peat Society, American Pediatric Society, American Philatelic Society, American Philosophical Society, American Physical Society, American Protestant Society, Artillery Pointing System, Associate of the Pharmaceutical Society, Atomic Power Station, Automatic Pointing System, Auxiliary Power System, Anti-Phospholipid Syndrome, advanced planning/scheduling

17) Университет: Academic Program Summary, Applied Problem Solving

18) Физиология: Absolutely Precious Skin, Active Positive Symbiosis

19) Электроника: Advanced Power Stability, Analog Protection System, Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Antennas and Propagation Society

20) Вычислительная техника: Application Page Server, Automated Patent System, Automatic Protection Switching, attached processor system, Application Service Provider (WAN), автоматизированная патентная система

21) Нефть: abandon platform shutdown

22) Иммунология: Advance Photo System

23) Банковское дело: средняя доля сбережений в доходе (average propensity to save)

24) Транспорт: Active Point System, Airway Planning Standard, Asset Positioning System, Auto Pilot System

25) Фирменный знак: Academic Publishing Service, Amateur Pageantry Systems

26) Экология: accelerated photosynthetic system

27) Реклама: Общество Артура Пейджа

28) СМИ: Advanced Photo System, All Programs And Sounds

29) Деловая лексика: Administration Planning And Statistics, Advanced Planning Systems, Analytical Planning Scheduling, Approved Program Sequence, Automated Planning And Scheduling, Automated Process Scheduler

30) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: abandon platform shutdown (Orlan platform)

31) Образование: Ability Point Skill

32) Инвестиции: average propensity to save

33) Сетевые технологии: Aol Password Stealer, Application Provider Services, Asynchronous Port Switch, Asynchronous Protocol Specification, спецификация асинхронного протокола

34) Полимеры: American Petroleum Society, average particle size( фракционный состав)

35) Общая лексика: auto priming system

36) Химическое оружие: Army Planning System

37) Безопасность: auto polarity switching

38) Расширение файла: Advanced Printing Service (IBM)

39) Нефть и газ: Индукционный зонд, Надтепловой каротаж, Accelerated Porosity Sonde

40) Электротехника: Arizona Public Service Company (название компании)

41) Нанотехнологии: воздушно-плазменное напыление, air plasma spray, air plasma spraying

42) Общественная организация: Association For Practical Shooting

43) Должность: Agricultural Production Specialist

44) НАСА: Acceleration And Pre Separation, Advanced Positioning Sensor

45) Программное обеспечение: Agenda Productivity Suite

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > APS
7 APs

1) Компьютерная техника: Active Pixel Sensor, Active Pixel Sensors, Advanced Production System, All Processes Suspended, Application Print Services, Application Protection System, adaptive polarization shaping, Advances Planning and Scheduling, система оптимизационного планирования производства

2) Биология: adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate

3) Авиация: рейтинг контроля подхода по средствам наблюдения

4) Морской термин: (Arrival Pilot Station) Пункт (порт) начала лоцманской проводки

5) Медицина: autoimmune polyglandular syndrome, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, антитромбоцитарная иммунная сыворотка

6) Спорт: Air Precision Shooting

7) Военный термин: ASARS Processing Segment, ASARS-II Processing Segment, Advanced Power System, Afloat Pre-positioning Ship, Air Pictorial Service, Air Planning System, Allied publications, Army Pictorial Service, Army Pilot School, Army Postal Service, Automatic Point And Shoot, Automatic Provisioning System, accessory power supply, active protection system, actual parade state, advanced personnel system, aerial port squadron, airborne pulse search, antenna pointing subsystem, armor-piercing shell, assistant private secretary, automatic programming system, auxiliary power supply, auxiliary propulsion system

8) Техника: American Physic Society, accident-prone situation, acoustical protection system, adaptive processor sonar, aft propulsion system, air breathing propulsion system, airborne pulse search radar, ammonium polysulfide, amplifier power supply, angular position sensor, arc-plasma spraying, automatic positioning system, automatic protection switch

9) Химия: аммония персульфат (Ammonium PerSulphate), полисульфид аммония (ammonium polysulfide)

10) Юридический термин: Adult Protective Services, Attending Physicians Statements

11) Автомобильный термин: absolute pressure sensor (GM), atmospheric pressure sensor (Mazda), Acoustic Parking System

12) Ветеринария: American Physiological Society

13) Оптика: advanced photon source

14) Телевидение: automatic program search

15) Телекоммуникации: Affordable Portable Services, Automatic Protection Switching (SONET)

16) Сокращение: Academy of Political Science, Adaptive Processor System (sonar), Address Program Support Office (Office of Operations Support), Adjustment Processing System, Advanced Fighter Crew Protection System, Advanced Planning System, Advanced Planning and Scheduling, Advanced Propulsion System, Aerial Post Squadron (USAF), Afloat Planning System (USA), Afloat Planning System, Aiming & Pointing System, Aiming and Pointing System (USMC), Aircraft Position Sensor, Aircraft Prepared for Service, American Peace Society, American Peat Society, American Pediatric Society, American Philatelic Society, American Philosophical Society, American Physical Society, American Protestant Society, Artillery Pointing System, Associate of the Pharmaceutical Society, Atomic Power Station, Automatic Pointing System, Auxiliary Power System, Anti-Phospholipid Syndrome, advanced planning/scheduling

17) Университет: Academic Program Summary, Applied Problem Solving

18) Физиология: Absolutely Precious Skin, Active Positive Symbiosis

19) Электроника: Advanced Power Stability, Analog Protection System, Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Antennas and Propagation Society

20) Вычислительная техника: Application Page Server, Automated Patent System, Automatic Protection Switching, attached processor system, Application Service Provider (WAN), автоматизированная патентная система

21) Нефть: abandon platform shutdown

22) Иммунология: Advance Photo System

23) Банковское дело: средняя доля сбережений в доходе (average propensity to save)

24) Транспорт: Active Point System, Airway Planning Standard, Asset Positioning System, Auto Pilot System

25) Фирменный знак: Academic Publishing Service, Amateur Pageantry Systems

26) Экология: accelerated photosynthetic system

27) Реклама: Общество Артура Пейджа

28) СМИ: Advanced Photo System, All Programs And Sounds

29) Деловая лексика: Administration Planning And Statistics, Advanced Planning Systems, Analytical Planning Scheduling, Approved Program Sequence, Automated Planning And Scheduling, Automated Process Scheduler

30) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: abandon platform shutdown (Orlan platform)

31) Образование: Ability Point Skill

32) Инвестиции: average propensity to save

33) Сетевые технологии: Aol Password Stealer, Application Provider Services, Asynchronous Port Switch, Asynchronous Protocol Specification, спецификация асинхронного протокола

34) Полимеры: American Petroleum Society, average particle size( фракционный состав)

35) Общая лексика: auto priming system

36) Химическое оружие: Army Planning System

37) Безопасность: auto polarity switching

38) Расширение файла: Advanced Printing Service (IBM)

39) Нефть и газ: Индукционный зонд, Надтепловой каротаж, Accelerated Porosity Sonde

40) Электротехника: Arizona Public Service Company (название компании)

41) Нанотехнологии: воздушно-плазменное напыление, air plasma spray, air plasma spraying

42) Общественная организация: Association For Practical Shooting

43) Должность: Agricultural Production Specialist

44) НАСА: Acceleration And Pre Separation, Advanced Positioning Sensor

45) Программное обеспечение: Agenda Productivity Suite

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > APs
8 ApS

1) Компьютерная техника: Active Pixel Sensor, Active Pixel Sensors, Advanced Production System, All Processes Suspended, Application Print Services, Application Protection System, adaptive polarization shaping, Advances Planning and Scheduling, система оптимизационного планирования производства

2) Биология: adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate

3) Авиация: рейтинг контроля подхода по средствам наблюдения

4) Морской термин: (Arrival Pilot Station) Пункт (порт) начала лоцманской проводки

5) Медицина: autoimmune polyglandular syndrome, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, антитромбоцитарная иммунная сыворотка

6) Спорт: Air Precision Shooting

7) Военный термин: ASARS Processing Segment, ASARS-II Processing Segment, Advanced Power System, Afloat Pre-positioning Ship, Air Pictorial Service, Air Planning System, Allied publications, Army Pictorial Service, Army Pilot School, Army Postal Service, Automatic Point And Shoot, Automatic Provisioning System, accessory power supply, active protection system, actual parade state, advanced personnel system, aerial port squadron, airborne pulse search, antenna pointing subsystem, armor-piercing shell, assistant private secretary, automatic programming system, auxiliary power supply, auxiliary propulsion system

8) Техника: American Physic Society, accident-prone situation, acoustical protection system, adaptive processor sonar, aft propulsion system, air breathing propulsion system, airborne pulse search radar, ammonium polysulfide, amplifier power supply, angular position sensor, arc-plasma spraying, automatic positioning system, automatic protection switch

9) Химия: аммония персульфат (Ammonium PerSulphate), полисульфид аммония (ammonium polysulfide)

10) Юридический термин: Adult Protective Services, Attending Physicians Statements

11) Автомобильный термин: absolute pressure sensor (GM), atmospheric pressure sensor (Mazda), Acoustic Parking System

12) Ветеринария: American Physiological Society

13) Оптика: advanced photon source

14) Телевидение: automatic program search

15) Телекоммуникации: Affordable Portable Services, Automatic Protection Switching (SONET)

16) Сокращение: Academy of Political Science, Adaptive Processor System (sonar), Address Program Support Office (Office of Operations Support), Adjustment Processing System, Advanced Fighter Crew Protection System, Advanced Planning System, Advanced Planning and Scheduling, Advanced Propulsion System, Aerial Post Squadron (USAF), Afloat Planning System (USA), Afloat Planning System, Aiming & Pointing System, Aiming and Pointing System (USMC), Aircraft Position Sensor, Aircraft Prepared for Service, American Peace Society, American Peat Society, American Pediatric Society, American Philatelic Society, American Philosophical Society, American Physical Society, American Protestant Society, Artillery Pointing System, Associate of the Pharmaceutical Society, Atomic Power Station, Automatic Pointing System, Auxiliary Power System, Anti-Phospholipid Syndrome, advanced planning/scheduling

17) Университет: Academic Program Summary, Applied Problem Solving

18) Физиология: Absolutely Precious Skin, Active Positive Symbiosis

19) Электроника: Advanced Power Stability, Analog Protection System, Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Antennas and Propagation Society

20) Вычислительная техника: Application Page Server, Automated Patent System, Automatic Protection Switching, attached processor system, Application Service Provider (WAN), автоматизированная патентная система

21) Нефть: abandon platform shutdown

22) Иммунология: Advance Photo System

23) Банковское дело: средняя доля сбережений в доходе (average propensity to save)

24) Транспорт: Active Point System, Airway Planning Standard, Asset Positioning System, Auto Pilot System

25) Фирменный знак: Academic Publishing Service, Amateur Pageantry Systems

26) Экология: accelerated photosynthetic system

27) Реклама: Общество Артура Пейджа

28) СМИ: Advanced Photo System, All Programs And Sounds

29) Деловая лексика: Administration Planning And Statistics, Advanced Planning Systems, Analytical Planning Scheduling, Approved Program Sequence, Automated Planning And Scheduling, Automated Process Scheduler

30) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: abandon platform shutdown (Orlan platform)

31) Образование: Ability Point Skill

32) Инвестиции: average propensity to save

33) Сетевые технологии: Aol Password Stealer, Application Provider Services, Asynchronous Port Switch, Asynchronous Protocol Specification, спецификация асинхронного протокола

34) Полимеры: American Petroleum Society, average particle size( фракционный состав)

35) Общая лексика: auto priming system

36) Химическое оружие: Army Planning System

37) Безопасность: auto polarity switching

38) Расширение файла: Advanced Printing Service (IBM)

39) Нефть и газ: Индукционный зонд, Надтепловой каротаж, Accelerated Porosity Sonde

40) Электротехника: Arizona Public Service Company (название компании)

41) Нанотехнологии: воздушно-плазменное напыление, air plasma spray, air plasma spraying

42) Общественная организация: Association For Practical Shooting

43) Должность: Agricultural Production Specialist

44) НАСА: Acceleration And Pre Separation, Advanced Positioning Sensor

45) Программное обеспечение: Agenda Productivity Suite

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > ApS
9 Aps

1) Компьютерная техника: Active Pixel Sensor, Active Pixel Sensors, Advanced Production System, All Processes Suspended, Application Print Services, Application Protection System, adaptive polarization shaping, Advances Planning and Scheduling, система оптимизационного планирования производства

2) Биология: adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate

3) Авиация: рейтинг контроля подхода по средствам наблюдения

4) Морской термин: (Arrival Pilot Station) Пункт (порт) начала лоцманской проводки

5) Медицина: autoimmune polyglandular syndrome, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, антитромбоцитарная иммунная сыворотка

6) Спорт: Air Precision Shooting

7) Военный термин: ASARS Processing Segment, ASARS-II Processing Segment, Advanced Power System, Afloat Pre-positioning Ship, Air Pictorial Service, Air Planning System, Allied publications, Army Pictorial Service, Army Pilot School, Army Postal Service, Automatic Point And Shoot, Automatic Provisioning System, accessory power supply, active protection system, actual parade state, advanced personnel system, aerial port squadron, airborne pulse search, antenna pointing subsystem, armor-piercing shell, assistant private secretary, automatic programming system, auxiliary power supply, auxiliary propulsion system

8) Техника: American Physic Society, accident-prone situation, acoustical protection system, adaptive processor sonar, aft propulsion system, air breathing propulsion system, airborne pulse search radar, ammonium polysulfide, amplifier power supply, angular position sensor, arc-plasma spraying, automatic positioning system, automatic protection switch

9) Химия: аммония персульфат (Ammonium PerSulphate), полисульфид аммония (ammonium polysulfide)

10) Юридический термин: Adult Protective Services, Attending Physicians Statements

11) Автомобильный термин: absolute pressure sensor (GM), atmospheric pressure sensor (Mazda), Acoustic Parking System

12) Ветеринария: American Physiological Society

13) Оптика: advanced photon source

14) Телевидение: automatic program search

15) Телекоммуникации: Affordable Portable Services, Automatic Protection Switching (SONET)

16) Сокращение: Academy of Political Science, Adaptive Processor System (sonar), Address Program Support Office (Office of Operations Support), Adjustment Processing System, Advanced Fighter Crew Protection System, Advanced Planning System, Advanced Planning and Scheduling, Advanced Propulsion System, Aerial Post Squadron (USAF), Afloat Planning System (USA), Afloat Planning System, Aiming & Pointing System, Aiming and Pointing System (USMC), Aircraft Position Sensor, Aircraft Prepared for Service, American Peace Society, American Peat Society, American Pediatric Society, American Philatelic Society, American Philosophical Society, American Physical Society, American Protestant Society, Artillery Pointing System, Associate of the Pharmaceutical Society, Atomic Power Station, Automatic Pointing System, Auxiliary Power System, Anti-Phospholipid Syndrome, advanced planning/scheduling

17) Университет: Academic Program Summary, Applied Problem Solving

18) Физиология: Absolutely Precious Skin, Active Positive Symbiosis

19) Электроника: Advanced Power Stability, Analog Protection System, Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Antennas and Propagation Society

20) Вычислительная техника: Application Page Server, Automated Patent System, Automatic Protection Switching, attached processor system, Application Service Provider (WAN), автоматизированная патентная система

21) Нефть: abandon platform shutdown

22) Иммунология: Advance Photo System

23) Банковское дело: средняя доля сбережений в доходе (average propensity to save)

24) Транспорт: Active Point System, Airway Planning Standard, Asset Positioning System, Auto Pilot System

25) Фирменный знак: Academic Publishing Service, Amateur Pageantry Systems

26) Экология: accelerated photosynthetic system

27) Реклама: Общество Артура Пейджа

28) СМИ: Advanced Photo System, All Programs And Sounds

29) Деловая лексика: Administration Planning And Statistics, Advanced Planning Systems, Analytical Planning Scheduling, Approved Program Sequence, Automated Planning And Scheduling, Automated Process Scheduler

30) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: abandon platform shutdown (Orlan platform)

31) Образование: Ability Point Skill

32) Инвестиции: average propensity to save

33) Сетевые технологии: Aol Password Stealer, Application Provider Services, Asynchronous Port Switch, Asynchronous Protocol Specification, спецификация асинхронного протокола

34) Полимеры: American Petroleum Society, average particle size( фракционный состав)

35) Общая лексика: auto priming system

36) Химическое оружие: Army Planning System

37) Безопасность: auto polarity switching

38) Расширение файла: Advanced Printing Service (IBM)

39) Нефть и газ: Индукционный зонд, Надтепловой каротаж, Accelerated Porosity Sonde

40) Электротехника: Arizona Public Service Company (название компании)

41) Нанотехнологии: воздушно-плазменное напыление, air plasma spray, air plasma spraying

42) Общественная организация: Association For Practical Shooting

43) Должность: Agricultural Production Specialist

44) НАСА: Acceleration And Pre Separation, Advanced Positioning Sensor

45) Программное обеспечение: Agenda Productivity Suite

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Aps
10 aps

1) Компьютерная техника: Active Pixel Sensor, Active Pixel Sensors, Advanced Production System, All Processes Suspended, Application Print Services, Application Protection System, adaptive polarization shaping, Advances Planning and Scheduling, система оптимизационного планирования производства

2) Биология: adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate

3) Авиация: рейтинг контроля подхода по средствам наблюдения

4) Морской термин: (Arrival Pilot Station) Пункт (порт) начала лоцманской проводки

5) Медицина: autoimmune polyglandular syndrome, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, антитромбоцитарная иммунная сыворотка

6) Спорт: Air Precision Shooting

7) Военный термин: ASARS Processing Segment, ASARS-II Processing Segment, Advanced Power System, Afloat Pre-positioning Ship, Air Pictorial Service, Air Planning System, Allied publications, Army Pictorial Service, Army Pilot School, Army Postal Service, Automatic Point And Shoot, Automatic Provisioning System, accessory power supply, active protection system, actual parade state, advanced personnel system, aerial port squadron, airborne pulse search, antenna pointing subsystem, armor-piercing shell, assistant private secretary, automatic programming system, auxiliary power supply, auxiliary propulsion system

8) Техника: American Physic Society, accident-prone situation, acoustical protection system, adaptive processor sonar, aft propulsion system, air breathing propulsion system, airborne pulse search radar, ammonium polysulfide, amplifier power supply, angular position sensor, arc-plasma spraying, automatic positioning system, automatic protection switch

9) Химия: аммония персульфат (Ammonium PerSulphate), полисульфид аммония (ammonium polysulfide)

10) Юридический термин: Adult Protective Services, Attending Physicians Statements

11) Автомобильный термин: absolute pressure sensor (GM), atmospheric pressure sensor (Mazda), Acoustic Parking System

12) Ветеринария: American Physiological Society

13) Оптика: advanced photon source

14) Телевидение: automatic program search

15) Телекоммуникации: Affordable Portable Services, Automatic Protection Switching (SONET)

16) Сокращение: Academy of Political Science, Adaptive Processor System (sonar), Address Program Support Office (Office of Operations Support), Adjustment Processing System, Advanced Fighter Crew Protection System, Advanced Planning System, Advanced Planning and Scheduling, Advanced Propulsion System, Aerial Post Squadron (USAF), Afloat Planning System (USA), Afloat Planning System, Aiming & Pointing System, Aiming and Pointing System (USMC), Aircraft Position Sensor, Aircraft Prepared for Service, American Peace Society, American Peat Society, American Pediatric Society, American Philatelic Society, American Philosophical Society, American Physical Society, American Protestant Society, Artillery Pointing System, Associate of the Pharmaceutical Society, Atomic Power Station, Automatic Pointing System, Auxiliary Power System, Anti-Phospholipid Syndrome, advanced planning/scheduling

17) Университет: Academic Program Summary, Applied Problem Solving

18) Физиология: Absolutely Precious Skin, Active Positive Symbiosis

19) Электроника: Advanced Power Stability, Analog Protection System, Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Antennas and Propagation Society

20) Вычислительная техника: Application Page Server, Automated Patent System, Automatic Protection Switching, attached processor system, Application Service Provider (WAN), автоматизированная патентная система

21) Нефть: abandon platform shutdown

22) Иммунология: Advance Photo System

23) Банковское дело: средняя доля сбережений в доходе (average propensity to save)

24) Транспорт: Active Point System, Airway Planning Standard, Asset Positioning System, Auto Pilot System

25) Фирменный знак: Academic Publishing Service, Amateur Pageantry Systems

26) Экология: accelerated photosynthetic system

27) Реклама: Общество Артура Пейджа

28) СМИ: Advanced Photo System, All Programs And Sounds

29) Деловая лексика: Administration Planning And Statistics, Advanced Planning Systems, Analytical Planning Scheduling, Approved Program Sequence, Automated Planning And Scheduling, Automated Process Scheduler

30) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: abandon platform shutdown (Orlan platform)

31) Образование: Ability Point Skill

32) Инвестиции: average propensity to save

33) Сетевые технологии: Aol Password Stealer, Application Provider Services, Asynchronous Port Switch, Asynchronous Protocol Specification, спецификация асинхронного протокола

34) Полимеры: American Petroleum Society, average particle size( фракционный состав)

35) Общая лексика: auto priming system

36) Химическое оружие: Army Planning System

37) Безопасность: auto polarity switching

38) Расширение файла: Advanced Printing Service (IBM)

39) Нефть и газ: Индукционный зонд, Надтепловой каротаж, Accelerated Porosity Sonde

40) Электротехника: Arizona Public Service Company (название компании)

41) Нанотехнологии: воздушно-плазменное напыление, air plasma spray, air plasma spraying

42) Общественная организация: Association For Practical Shooting

43) Должность: Agricultural Production Specialist

44) НАСА: Acceleration And Pre Separation, Advanced Positioning Sensor

45) Программное обеспечение: Agenda Productivity Suite

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > aps
11 test

• tunnustella

• tutkimus

• tutkia

chemistry

• reagenssi

• testata

• testaus

• testi

• testata(tietotekn)

automatic data processing

• testata (ATK)

• koitos

• koettaa

• koestaa

• koeajaa

• koestus

• koetehtävä

• koetella

• koekäyttää

• koetinkivi

• koetus

• koe

technology

• koe (

• kokeilla

• kokeilu

• mittaus

automatic data processing

• tarkastaa (ATK)

• tarkastaa(tietotekn)

• tarkastus(tietotekn)

• tarkistaa

automatic data processing

• tarkastus (ATK)

• tarkastus

bookkeeping

• tarkastaa

* * *
test 1. noun
1) (a set of questions or exercises intended to find out a person's ability, knowledge etc; a short examination: an arithmetic/driving test.) koe

2) (something done to find out whether a thing is good, strong, efficient etc: a blood test.) koe, testi

3) (an event, situation etc that shows how good or bad something is: a test of his courage.) testi

4) (a way to find out if something exists or is present: a test for radioactivity.) mittaus

5) (a test match.) maaottelu
2. verb
(to carry out a test or tests on (someone or something): The students were tested on their French; They tested the new aircraft.) testata

- test match
- test pilot
- test-tube

English-Finnish dictionary > test
12 document

• originaali

law

• toimituskirja

automatic data processing

• tosite (ATK)

• tosite

• tosite(tietotekn)

law

• todistuskappale

• todistaa

• dokumentoida

• dokumentti

• akti

• asiapaperi

• asiakirja

• vahvistaa

• kohde

• paperi

• selostaa

automatic data processing

• seloste (ATK)

• seloste

• seloste(tietotekn)

• tallenne

* * *
'dokjumənt 1. noun
(a written statement giving information, proof, evidence etc: She signed several legal documents relating to the sale of her house.) dokumentti

- documentary
2. noun
(a film, programme etc giving information on a certain subject: a documentary on the political situation in Argentina.) dokumenttielokuva

English-Finnish dictionary > document
13 location

• olinpaikka

marine

• paikanmääritys

• paikka(tietotekn)

• paikannus

• paikka

automatic data processing

• paikka (ATK)

• asutusalue

• sijoittaminen

• sijainti

• sijaintipaikka

• asemapaikka

military

• asema

• kohta

automatic data processing

• muistipaikka

* * *

- 'keiʃən

noun

1) (position or situation.) sijainti

2) (the act of locating.) paikantaminen

English-Finnish dictionary > location
14 turnaround

noun

1) (change) [Kehrt]wende, die

2) (processing, time needed) Bearbeitungszeit, die

3) (of aircraft, ship, vehicle) Abfertigung, die

* * *

ˈturn·around, AM ˈturn·round

n no pl

1. (improvement) Wende f, Umschwung m; of health Besserung f; of company Aufschwung m; (sudden reversal) Kehrtwendung f

2. COMM Bearbeitungszeit f, Lieferzeit f

\turnaround time Wartezeit f (nach der Bewerbung um einen Studienplatz bis die Zusage seitens der Universität erteilt wird)

3. ECON (sold goods) mittlerer Lagerumschlag

4. ECON of ship, plane Entladung f und Wiederfahrbereitmachung

5. (making a company profitable again) Sanierung f

6. AVIAT

\turnaround time Wartezeit f (eines Flugzeugs am Boden zwischen zwei Flügen)

* * *
['tɜːnəraʊnd] ['tɜːnraʊnd]
n

1) ( in position fig in opinion etc) Kehrtwendung f

she has done a complete turnaround on fiscal policy — sie hat in der Finanzpolitik eine totale Kehrtwendung gemacht or vollführt

2) Bearbeitungszeit f; (= production time) Fertigstellungszeit f

3) (of situation, company) Umschwung m, Wende f

4) (of ship, aircraft) Abfertigung f

* * *

turnaround

A s besonders US

1. AUTO etc Wendeplatz m, -stelle f

2. → academic.ru/77107/turnabout">turnabout 1, 2

3. FLUG, SCHIFF, AUTO Rundreisedauer f

4. WIRTSCH, SCHIFF Umschlag m (Abfertigung eines Schiffes im Hafen)

B adj turnaround time IT Durchlaufzeit f

* * *

noun

1) (change) [Kehrt]wende, die

2) (processing, time needed) Bearbeitungszeit, die

3) (of aircraft, ship, vehicle) Abfertigung, die

* * *

n.

Richtungsänderung f.

English-german dictionary > turnaround
15 Artificial Intelligence

   1) Programs and the Complexity of Human Mental Processes

   In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)

   2) Artificial Intelligence Is an Engineering Discipline

   Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)

   3) A Sceptical View of Artificial Intelligence

   Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inﬂated predictions....

   When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)

   4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, Eventually

   Just as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)

   5) Problems in Machine Intelligence Arise Because Things Obvious to Any Person Are Not Represented in the Program

   Many problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)

   6) The Meaning of a Symbolic Description

   What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)

   7) The Principle of Artificial Intelligence

   [AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)

   8) Artificial Intelligence Recognizes the Need for Knowledge in Its Systems

   The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)

   9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract Form

   The basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)

    10) There Are Many Types of Reasoning

   There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:

    Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins ﬂy? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can ﬂy, so robins probably can ﬂy."

    Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)

    11) Programs Are Beginning to Do Things That Critics Have Asserted to Be Impossible

   Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)

    12) The Synthesis of Man and Machine

   Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)

    13) The Thesis of Good Old-Fashioned Artificial Intelligence (GOFAI)

   The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)

    14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory Formation

   It is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)

    15) Four Kinds of Artificial Intelligence

   We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.

   ♦ Nonpsychological AI

   Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.

   ♦ Weak Psychological AI

   Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.

   ♦ Strong Psychological AI

... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)

   ♦ Suprapsychological AI

   Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)

    16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular Contexts

   Even if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)

    17) Form and Content Are Not Fundamentally Different

   Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)

    18) The Assumption That the Mind Is a Formal System

   Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)

    19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial Intelligence

   The primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.

   The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)

    20) Mathematical Logic Provides the Basis for Theory in AI

   The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....

   AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)

    21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary Propositions

   In artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)

    22) Definitions of Artificial Intelligence

   Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)

    23) The Computer Can Not Be a Model of the Mind

   Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)

    24) Computers Will Not Always Be Inferior to Human Brains

   The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence
16 demand

I [dɪ'mɑːnd] [AE dɪ'mænd]
nome

1) (request) domanda f., richiesta f.

on demand — [ access] a richiesta; econ. [ payable] a vista

2) (pressure) esigenza f., pretesa f.

I have many demands on my time — sono molto impegnato

3) econ. domanda f. ( for di)

supply and demand — l'offerta e la domanda

4) (favour)

to be in demand — essere richiesto
II [dɪ'mɑːnd] [AE dɪ'mænd]
verbo transitivo

1) (request) chiedere [reform, release]; (forcefully) esigere, pretendere [attention, ransom]

to demand an inquiry — esigere un'inchiesta

2) (require) richiedere [patience, skill, time] (of sb. da parte di qcn.); (more imperatively) esigere [punctuality, qualities]

* * *
1. verb
1) (to ask or ask for firmly and sharply: I demanded an explanation.) esigere

2) (to require or need: This demands careful thought.) richiedere
2. noun
1) (a request made so that it sounds like a command: They refused to meet the workers' demands for more money.) richiesta

2) (an urgent claim: The children make demands on my time.) esigenza

3) (willingness or desire to buy or obtain (certain goods etc); a need for (certain goods etc): There's no demand for books of this kind.) richiesta

•

- demanding
- on demand
* * *
demand /dɪˈmɑ:nd/
n.

1 richiesta: to meet (o to satisfy) sb. 's demands, accogliere le richieste di q.; They refused to satisfy our demands, hanno rifiutato di accogliere le nostre richieste; There is a great demand for computer programmers, c'è una grande richiesta di programmatori; The board rejected demands that they should limit executive pay, il consiglio ha respinto le richieste di limitare gli stipendi dei dirigenti

2 (pl.) esigenze; pretese: Her family makes huge demands on her time, la sua famiglia esige moltissimo del suo tempo; to balance the demands of work and study, conciliare le esigenze del lavoro e dello studio

3 [u] (econ.) domanda: Demand for consumer goods exceeds supply, la domanda di beni di consumo supera l'offerta; the demand curve, la curva della domanda; aggregate demand, domanda aggregata; peak demand, domanda di punta

4 (leg., = legal demand) domanda fatta valere in giudizio

5 rivendicazione ( sindacale): The union has presented a series of demands on pay and conditions, il sindacato ha presentato una serie di rivendicazioni relative a salari e condizioni

● (fin.) demand bill (o draft), tratta a vista □ ( banca) demand deposit, deposito libero (o a vista); ( USA) deposito in conto corrente □ (fin.) demand for liquidity, domanda di liquidità □ (econ.) demand (o demand-pull) inflation, inflazione da (eccesso di) domanda □ demand-led, determinato dalla domanda: demand-led growth, crescita determinata dalla domanda; a demand-led education system, un sistema di istruzione conforme alla domanda □ (econ., org. az.) demand management, gestione della domanda □ (org. az.) demand matching, adeguamento della produzione alle variazioni della domanda □ (comput.) demand paging, paginazione su richiesta ( allocazione dinamica nella memoria centrale) □ (comput.) demand processing, elaborazione immediata ( sulla base delle richieste) □ (fin.) demand rate, corso (o tasso) a vista □ (econ.) the demand trend, l'andamento della domanda □ to be in demand, essere richiesto, ricercato: He is much in demand as an entertainer, è molto richiesto come intrattenitore □ by popular demand, a grande richiesta: By popular demand, the show is being extended for two weeks, a grande richiesta, lo spettacolo è stato prorogato di due settimane □ (comm.) on demand, a richiesta; a vista: A cheque is payable on demand, l'assegno bancario è pagabile a vista.
♦ (to) demand /dɪˈmɑ:nd/
v. t.

1 chiedere fermamente, insistere nel chiedere: «What do you mean?», she demanded, «Cosa intendi?», chiese; I demand to know what's going on, insisto nel voler essere informato di cosa sta succedendo; The terrorists are demanding the release of political prisoners, i terroristi chiedono la liberazione dei prigionieri politici; They demanded that the strike be called off, hanno insistito nel chiedere che lo sciopero fosse revocato

2 esigere; pretendere: The seller demands immediate payment, il venditore esige il pagamento immediato; He demanded instant obedience, pretendeva obbedienza immediata; The situation demands immediate action, la situazione esige un'azione immediata; This job demands a great deal of skill, questo lavoro richiede molta abilità; He demands a lot of his students, esige molto dai suoi studenti; They demand complete loyalty from their staff, pretendono una lealtà assoluta dai loro dipendenti; We will provide further resources as the situation demands, forniremo ulteriori risorse qualora la situazione lo richieda.
NOTA D'USO: - to demand o to ask?-
* * *
I [dɪ'mɑːnd] [AE dɪ'mænd]
nome

1) (request) domanda f., richiesta f.

on demand — [ access] a richiesta; econ. [ payable] a vista

2) (pressure) esigenza f., pretesa f.

I have many demands on my time — sono molto impegnato

3) econ. domanda f. ( for di)

supply and demand — l'offerta e la domanda

4) (favour)

to be in demand — essere richiesto
II [dɪ'mɑːnd] [AE dɪ'mænd]
verbo transitivo

1) (request) chiedere [reform, release]; (forcefully) esigere, pretendere [attention, ransom]

to demand an inquiry — esigere un'inchiesta

2) (require) richiedere [patience, skill, time] (of sb. da parte di qcn.); (more imperatively) esigere [punctuality, qualities]

English-Italian dictionary > demand
17 shift

shift [ʃɪft]

1 noun

(a) (change) changement m;

∎ a shift in position/opinion un changement de position/d'avis;

∎ there was a sudden shift in public opinion/the situation il y a eu un revirement d'opinion/de situation;

∎ there was a light shift in the wind le vent a légèrement tourné;

∎ Politics a shift to the right/left un glissement à droite/gauche;

∎ Linguistics a shift in meaning un glissement de sens;

∎ Linguistics consonant/vowel shift mutation f consonantique/vocalique;

∎ Astronomy blue/red shift décalage m vers le bleu/rouge

(b) (move) déplacement m;

∎ there's been a shift of population towards the towns on a assisté à un déplacement de la population vers les villes;

∎ British familiar get a shift on! grouille-toi!, magne-toi!

(c) Industry (work period) poste m; (group of workers) équipe f, brigade f;

∎ what shift are you on this week? à quel poste avez-vous été affecté cette semaine?;

∎ I'm on the night/morning shift je suis dans l'équipe de nuit/du matin;

∎ she works long shifts elle fait de longues heures;

∎ he's on eight-hour shifts il fait les trois-huit;

∎ to work shifts, to be on shifts travailler en équipe, faire les trois-huit;

∎ when does or do the morning shift arrive? à quelle heure arrive l'équipe du matin?

(d) (turn, relay) relais m;

∎ to do sth in shifts se relayer;

∎ there was a lot of work so they did it in shifts comme il y avait beaucoup de travail, ils se sont relayés (pour le faire);

∎ I'm exhausted, can you take a shift at the wheel? je suis épuisé, peux-tu me relayer au volant?

(e) American Cars

∎ (gear) shift (lever) levier m de (changement de) vitesse; (action) changement m de vitesse

(f) old-fashioned (expedient) expédient m;

∎ to make shift with sth se contenter de qch

(g) (dress) (robe f) fourreau m; old-fashioned (woman's slip) combinaison f

(h) Computing (in word processing, telegraphy etc) touche f majuscule; (in arithmetical operation) décalage m;

∎ press shift appuyer sur la touche majuscule;

∎ an asterisk is shift 8 pour l'astérisque, il faut appuyer simultanément sur la touche majuscule et la touche 8

2 transitive verb

(a) (move → object) déplacer, bouger; (→ part of body) bouger, remuer; Theatre (scenery) changer;

∎ it took three strong men to shift the wardrobe il a fallu trois hommes forts pour déplacer l'armoire;

∎ help me shift the bed nearer the window aide-moi à rapprocher le lit de ou pousser le lit vers la fenêtre;

∎ the drawer's stuck, I can't shift it le tiroir est coincé, je ne peux le faire bouger;

∎ familiar shift yourself! (move) pousse-toi!, bouge-toi!; (hurry) remue-toi!, grouille-toi!;

∎ he's got a job shifting scenery il a trouvé du travail comme machiniste

(b) (transfer → employee) (to new job, place of work) muter; (to new department) affecter; (→ blame, responsibility) rejeter;

∎ they've shifted offices again ils ont déménagé de nouveau;

∎ he keeps getting shifted to a different job on n'arrête pas de le muter;

∎ they're trying to shift the blame onto me ils essaient de rejeter la responsabilité sur moi;

∎ we're trying to shift the balance towards exports nous essayons de mettre l'accent sur les exportations;

∎ the latest developments have shifted attention away from this area les événements récents ont détourné l'attention de cette région;

∎ they won't be shifted from their opinion impossible de les faire changer d'avis;

∎ to shift ground or one's position changer de position

(c) (remove → stain) enlever, faire partir

(d) American

∎ to shift gears changer de vitesse

(e) familiar (sell) écouler^□, fourguer;

∎ how can we shift this old stock? comment écouler ou nous débarrasser de ces vieilles marchandises?

(f) familiar (eat, drink) s'envoyer;

∎ hurry up and shift that pint! dépêche-toi d'écluser ta pinte!

3 intransitive verb

(a) (move) se déplacer, bouger;

∎ the cargo has shifted in the hold la cargaison s'est déplacée dans la cale;

∎ the table won't shift, it's bolted to the floor on ne peut pas bouger la table, elle est fixée au sol;

∎ the anticyclone is expected to shift eastwards l'anticyclone devrait se déplacer vers l'est;

∎ she kept shifting from one foot to the other elle n'arrêtait pas de se balancer d'un pied sur l'autre;

∎ could you shift? (out of the way) pouvez-vous dégager?

(b) (change, switch → gen) changer; (→ wind) tourner;

∎ their policy has shifted over the last week leur politique a changé ou s'est modifiée au cours de la semaine;

∎ Theatre the scene shifts la scène change;

∎ in the second act the scene shifts to Venice dans le deuxième acte, l'action se déroule à Venise;

∎ he wouldn't shift (in negotiations etc) il est resté ferme sur ses positions;

∎ American Cars to shift into fourth (gear) passer en quatrième (vitesse)

(c) British familiar (move quickly) foncer;

∎ he was really shifting il fonçait carrément;

∎ this car can really shift! cette voiture est un vrai bolide!

(d) (manage)

∎ to shift for oneself se débrouiller tout seul;

∎ he's had to learn to shift for himself since his wife left il a dû apprendre à se débrouiller tout seul depuis le départ de sa femme;

∎ she can or knows how to shift for herself elle est débrouillarde

(e) (stain) partir, s'enlever;

∎ this stain won't shift cette tache ne veut pas partir

(f) British familiar (sell) se vendre^□ ;

∎ those TVs just aren't shifting at all ces télévisions ne se vendent pas du tout

►► Computing shift key touche f majuscule;

Computing shift lock touche f de blocage des majuscules;

American Cars shift stick levier m de (changement de) vitesse, French Canadian bras m de vitesse;

shift work travail m en équipe;

∎ she does shift work elle fait les trois-huit;

shift worker = personne qui fait les trois-huit

➲ shift over, shift up intransitive verb

familiar se pousser^□, se déplacer^□ ;

∎ can you shift over or up a bit? tu peux te pousser un peu?

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > shift
18 food

продовольствие ; пища ; съестные припасы ; ? food basket ; ? food consumption ; ? food crisis ; ? food expenditure ; ? food grain ; ? ; ? food processing industry ; ? food production ; ? food products ; ? food shortage ; ? food situation ; ? food staples

Англо-Русский словарь финансовых терминов > food
19 ASP

1) Общая лексика: американец англосаксонского происхождения и протестантского вероисповедания (американец, которого в Соединённых Штатах считают "чистым" в расовом отношении), Amur Shipbuilding Plant

2) Компьютерная техника: ATM Switch Processor, Advanced Spatial Parameterization, Advanced Systems Protocol, Auxiliary Storage Pool, (Advanced Sector Protection) технология расширенной защиты секторов

3) Биология: American Society of Parasitologists

4) Авиация: audio selector panel

5) Разговорное выражение: (сокр. от Anglo-Saxon Protestant) американец англосаксонского происхождения и протестантского вероисповедания (американец, которого в Соединённых Штатах считают "чистым" в расовом отношении)

6) Военный термин: Air Subpanel, All Source Production, Allied Standing Procedure, Armed Services Police, Armed Services papers, Army Strategic Plan, Army supply program, advanced signal processor, advanced studies program, advanced supply point, advanced systems planning, air stores park, air superiority program, air support party, air support plan, airborne sensor platform, aircraft servicing platform, all-altitude spin projected, ammunition supply point, amphibious supply platform, annual service practice, antisubmarine plane, armament status panel, atomic strike plan, augmented support period, augmented support plan, automated schedule procedures, automatic switching panel, available supply point, отображение воздушной обстановки (Air Situation Picture)

7) Техника: Artifical Stone Paving, accepted stores procedure, accident sequence precursor, active sonar processor, administrative site procedure, aft solar panel, analog signal processor, antenna sidelobe pattern, application service providers, automatic sample processor, automatic schedule procedure, automatic servo plotter, auxiliary shutdown panel, auxiliary spacecraft power

8) Шутливое выражение: Awful Stock Pick

9) Юридический термин: Asinine Server Problems

10) Экономика: Area Settlement Plan, зональная система взаиморасчётов

11) Грубое выражение: Angry Sick Person, Ass Suck Protocol

12) Телекоммуникации: Active Signaling Protocol, Advanced Speech Processor

13) Сокращение: Advanced Soundranging Programme (UK), Aggregated Switch Procurement, Air Surveillance Platform (India), Airbase Survivability Program (USA), Anglo-Saxon Protestant, Annual Service Practice (USA), Antenna Scan Period, Application Service Provider, Associate Supervisor Program (since 1996, 16 week program), Automatic, Self-Powered (USA), Aspartic acid, активная серверная страница (Active Server Page (Microsoft)), авторизированный поставщик услуг (Authorized Service Provider)

14) Университет: Academy of Students of Pharmacy, The Academy Of Student Pharmacists

15) Физиология: Awareness during Sleep Paralysis

16) Электроника: (Application-Specific Products) специализированная (под конкретные задачи) продукция

17) Сленг: американец, "чистый" в расовом отношении

18) Вычислительная техника: Active Server Page, Advanced Signal Processing / Processor, attached support processor, average selling price, Appletalk Session Protocol (Apple, AppleTalk), Active Server Pages (HTTP, MS), Application Service Provider / Providing (ISP, Internet), Abstract Service Primitive (OSI), Authorized Service Provider (Sun), Association of Shareware Professionals (organization, USA), active server pages

19) Нефть: acoustic scope picture, allowable surface pressure, apparent spontaneous potential

20) Биохимия: acylation-stimulating protein (белок, стимулирующий ацилирование)

21) Банковское дело: американская продажная цена (American selling price)

22) Транспорт: Arrival Sequencing Program, Aviation Safety Program

23) Пищевая промышленность: (amnesic shellfish poison)(amnesic shellfish poisoning) амнестический токсикоз (пищевое отравление), (amnesic shellfish poison)(amnesic shellfish poisoning) амнестический токсин (накапливающийся в раковинных моллюсках в периоды цветения определенных видов микроводорослей)

24) Экология: American Society of Photogrammetry

25) Деловая лексика: Administrative System Project, Administrative Systems Project, Average Sales Price

26) Стратиграфия: (auxiliary stratotype point) вспомогательная стратотипическая точка

27) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: alkali surfactant polymer, модуль двусторонней связи и питания (ASP; МДСП)

28) Образование: Alternative School Programs

29) Инвестиции: American selling price

30) Сетевые технологии: Advanced Simple Profile, AppleTalk Session Protocol, Active Server Pages (технология, позволяющая выполнять программы-сценарии на сервере, получая при этом через программы-клиенты результат, отображаемый веб-обозревателем)

31) Автоматика: automated small batch production

32) Расширение файла: Application/Authorized Service Provider, Association of Shareware Professionals, Association of Shareware Professionals note, Active Server Page (Microsoft), Aspect language script file (Procomm Plus)

33) Электротехника: aluminum-steel-polyethylene

34) Водоснабжение: Active Sludge Plant-станция биологической очистки

35) Майкрософт: поставщик услуг ASP, страницы ASP

36) Общественная организация: Astronomical Society of the Pacific

37) Должность: Accredited Staging Professional

38) NYSE. American Strategic Income PT Fund, Inc.

39) Программное обеспечение: Atari Software Pirates

40) Парашютный спорт: Accelerated Skydiving Program

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > ASP
20 Asp

1) Общая лексика: американец англосаксонского происхождения и протестантского вероисповедания (американец, которого в Соединённых Штатах считают "чистым" в расовом отношении), Amur Shipbuilding Plant

2) Компьютерная техника: ATM Switch Processor, Advanced Spatial Parameterization, Advanced Systems Protocol, Auxiliary Storage Pool, (Advanced Sector Protection) технология расширенной защиты секторов

3) Биология: American Society of Parasitologists

4) Авиация: audio selector panel

5) Разговорное выражение: (сокр. от Anglo-Saxon Protestant) американец англосаксонского происхождения и протестантского вероисповедания (американец, которого в Соединённых Штатах считают "чистым" в расовом отношении)

6) Военный термин: Air Subpanel, All Source Production, Allied Standing Procedure, Armed Services Police, Armed Services papers, Army Strategic Plan, Army supply program, advanced signal processor, advanced studies program, advanced supply point, advanced systems planning, air stores park, air superiority program, air support party, air support plan, airborne sensor platform, aircraft servicing platform, all-altitude spin projected, ammunition supply point, amphibious supply platform, annual service practice, antisubmarine plane, armament status panel, atomic strike plan, augmented support period, augmented support plan, automated schedule procedures, automatic switching panel, available supply point, отображение воздушной обстановки (Air Situation Picture)

7) Техника: Artifical Stone Paving, accepted stores procedure, accident sequence precursor, active sonar processor, administrative site procedure, aft solar panel, analog signal processor, antenna sidelobe pattern, application service providers, automatic sample processor, automatic schedule procedure, automatic servo plotter, auxiliary shutdown panel, auxiliary spacecraft power

8) Шутливое выражение: Awful Stock Pick

9) Юридический термин: Asinine Server Problems

10) Экономика: Area Settlement Plan, зональная система взаиморасчётов

11) Грубое выражение: Angry Sick Person, Ass Suck Protocol

12) Телекоммуникации: Active Signaling Protocol, Advanced Speech Processor

13) Сокращение: Advanced Soundranging Programme (UK), Aggregated Switch Procurement, Air Surveillance Platform (India), Airbase Survivability Program (USA), Anglo-Saxon Protestant, Annual Service Practice (USA), Antenna Scan Period, Application Service Provider, Associate Supervisor Program (since 1996, 16 week program), Automatic, Self-Powered (USA), Aspartic acid, активная серверная страница (Active Server Page (Microsoft)), авторизированный поставщик услуг (Authorized Service Provider)

14) Университет: Academy of Students of Pharmacy, The Academy Of Student Pharmacists

15) Физиология: Awareness during Sleep Paralysis

16) Электроника: (Application-Specific Products) специализированная (под конкретные задачи) продукция

17) Сленг: американец, "чистый" в расовом отношении

18) Вычислительная техника: Active Server Page, Advanced Signal Processing / Processor, attached support processor, average selling price, Appletalk Session Protocol (Apple, AppleTalk), Active Server Pages (HTTP, MS), Application Service Provider / Providing (ISP, Internet), Abstract Service Primitive (OSI), Authorized Service Provider (Sun), Association of Shareware Professionals (organization, USA), active server pages

19) Нефть: acoustic scope picture, allowable surface pressure, apparent spontaneous potential

20) Биохимия: acylation-stimulating protein (белок, стимулирующий ацилирование)

21) Банковское дело: американская продажная цена (American selling price)

22) Транспорт: Arrival Sequencing Program, Aviation Safety Program

23) Пищевая промышленность: (amnesic shellfish poison)(amnesic shellfish poisoning) амнестический токсикоз (пищевое отравление), (amnesic shellfish poison)(amnesic shellfish poisoning) амнестический токсин (накапливающийся в раковинных моллюсках в периоды цветения определенных видов микроводорослей)

24) Экология: American Society of Photogrammetry

25) Деловая лексика: Administrative System Project, Administrative Systems Project, Average Sales Price

26) Стратиграфия: (auxiliary stratotype point) вспомогательная стратотипическая точка

27) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: alkali surfactant polymer, модуль двусторонней связи и питания (ASP; МДСП)

28) Образование: Alternative School Programs

29) Инвестиции: American selling price

30) Сетевые технологии: Advanced Simple Profile, AppleTalk Session Protocol, Active Server Pages (технология, позволяющая выполнять программы-сценарии на сервере, получая при этом через программы-клиенты результат, отображаемый веб-обозревателем)

31) Автоматика: automated small batch production

32) Расширение файла: Application/Authorized Service Provider, Association of Shareware Professionals, Association of Shareware Professionals note, Active Server Page (Microsoft), Aspect language script file (Procomm Plus)

33) Электротехника: aluminum-steel-polyethylene

34) Водоснабжение: Active Sludge Plant-станция биологической очистки

35) Майкрософт: поставщик услуг ASP, страницы ASP

36) Общественная организация: Astronomical Society of the Pacific

37) Должность: Accredited Staging Professional

38) NYSE. American Strategic Income PT Fund, Inc.

39) Программное обеспечение: Atari Software Pirates

40) Парашютный спорт: Accelerated Skydiving Program

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Asp

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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processing+situation

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с английского на все языки

processing+situation

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