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41 MP
1) Общая лексика: многоцелевой, универсальный2) Компьютерная техника: Macro Parameter, Management Processor, Mini Profile, Multi Platform, Multi Processing, Multi Processor, Multiple Processor3) Морской термин: загрязнитель моря (Marine Pollutant( IMO cargo type classification))4) Медицина: макулярный пигмент, митогенный протеин, предварительное намагничивание (magnetization prepared)5) Американизм: Military Police6) Ботаника: Murmuring Pine7) Спорт: Magic Points, Mana Points, Might Play, Mile Point, Movement Penalty, Multi Player8) Латинский язык: Modus Ponens9) Военный термин: Machine Pistol, Manpack, Map Pack, Map Project, Marine police, Marshalling Points, Master Plan, Message Parser, Military Personnel, Mind Points, Minuteman platform, Mission Profile, Mobility Plus, Modular Powered, Movement Planner, Multi Purpose, main parachute, maintainability plan, maintenance package, maintenance panel, maintenance parts, maintenance period, maintenance plan, maintenance point, maintenance procedure, maintenance program, management package, marching pack, maritime patrol, master pilot, meeting point, military pay, military procurement, military property, mine planter, missile platform, missile positioning, mobilization plan, monitor panel, motion picture production, motor potential10) Техника: main propulsion, manpower, mean effective pressure, mean power, mean proportional, memorandum of partnership, mile-post, modulator, multiprocessor11) Шутливое выражение: Magic Packet, Mischievous Pease, Mr Piggy, Mystery Pog12) Химия: Metal Particle, Metal Particulate, Metal Poor13) Математика: математическое программирование (mathematical programming), мультипликативное свойство (multiplication property), наиболее мощный (критерий), проблема минимизации (minimization problem)14) Религия: Merry Part15) Железнодорожный термин: Union Pacific Railroad Company16) Юридический термин: Miscellaneous Proceeding, Missing Person, Moot Point, Mountain Patrol, Multi Profiling, Murder And Pillage, Mysterious Past, парламентарий (member of Parliament)17) Бухгалтерия: Money Pit18) Астрономия: Massive Protostar19) Биржевой термин: Market Place20) Ветеринария: Mud Puppies21) Грубое выражение: Manipulative Prostitute, Master Pervert, Motherfucking Perfect22) Дипломатический термин: член Европейского парламента23) Музыка: Mezzo Piano, Music Positive24) Политика: Mauritius25) Телекоммуникации: Mobile Processor, Multilink PPP26) Сокращение: Machine Pistole (Krimmi), compact sub machine gun (Germany; K), Manoeuvre Programmer, Manpower & Personnel (USAF), Marinha Portuguesa (Portugese Navy), Member of Parliament, Metal Particle (Tape), Metal-Piercing, Metropolitan Police, Military Police(man), Mission Planning, Mornarica Pjesadija (Croatian naval infantry), Moteur en Pylone (Pylon-mounted engine (France)), Multipole, Northern Mariana Islands, manufacturing and production, mass production, mounted police, multipurpose, Magnifying Power, Mandatory Protection, Manifold Pressure, Marginal Product, Membrane Potential, Memory Pointer, Minimal Protection, Monolithic Processor, Most Powerful27) Текстиль: Matched Pair28) Университет: My Problem29) Физика: Magnetic Particle, Medium Prismatic, Modal Particle, Multi Physics30) Физиология: Menstrual period, Metatarsal Phalanges, Mitochondria Points31) Электроника: Madhya Pradesh, Maximum Power, Multi Phonon, Multi Polarized32) Вычислительная техника: MultiProtocol, mathematical programming, microprocessor, (PPP) Multilink Protocol (MPPP, RFC 1990), MegaPIXEL (PIXEL, photo), Military Police (man), (контрольная) точка регулировки при профилактике33) Нефть: maximum pressure, давление на всасывании (manifold pressure), период технического обслуживания (maintenance period), порядок технического обслуживания (maintenance procedure), среднее давление (mean pressure)34) Картография: mooring post35) Банковское дело: почтовый перевод (mail payment), microprinting (средство предотвращения копирования чеков)36) Транспорт: Mopar Parts37) Пищевая промышленность: Medium Pizza, Melon Popper, More Pints38) Фирменный знак: Monolith Productions39) Экология: Monitoring Plan40) СМИ: Media Player, Motion Picture, Moving Picture, Multi Page, Multiple Part41) Деловая лексика: Main Product, Manual Pickup, Mass Produced, Means Of Production, Mechanical Perfection, Modes Of Production, Music Profits, член парламента (Великобритания, Member of Parliament)42) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: mud pump, СД (medium pressure)43) Образование: Marking Period, module paper44) Инвестиции: mail payment45) Сетевые технологии: Message Passing, Modular Portal, Multi Point, Multi Protocol, multiprocessing, system multiprocessor system, мультипроцессорная обработка46) Полимеры: medium pressure, molded plate, molding pressure47) Программирование: Make Parameter, Multi Precision48) Автоматика: machine perception, machine power, measurement processor49) Контроль качества: Metrology Provision50) Океанография: Mini Plankton51) Безопасность: Message Protector52) Расширение файла: Multiple Processors, Movie (MPEG compressed), Massively Parallel (processing)53) Энергосистемы: market participant54) Нефть и газ: main pipeline, makeup pump, marshalling panel, TP, МН, магистральный нефтепровод55) Электротехника: main protection, metallized paper56) Майкрософт: пакет управления, management point57) Общественная организация: Mautner Project, Myelin Project58) Должность: Material For Promotion, More Pension59) Чат: Mom Pops60) НАСА: Massively Parallel, Minor Planet, Multifunction Panel61) Федеральное бюро расследований: Minneapolis Field Office62) Единицы измерений: Mega Pixels -
42 MPE
1) Компьютерная техника: Multi Processing Enabled, Multi Processing Environment, Multi Programming Executive2) Медицина: mean photoeffect3) Спорт: Mountaineering Performance Evolution4) Военный термин: Mission and Performance Envelopes, maximum permissible error, missile positioning equipment, mission-peculiar equipment, monthly project evaluation, модульный защитный элемент ( МЗЭ) (Modular Protective Element)6) Математика: Mean Predictive Error, максимальный собственный эпиморфизм (maximal proper epimorphism), наиболее вероятная оценка (most probable estimate), оценка максимальной вероятности (maximum probability estimator)7) Юридический термин: Most Probable Explanation8) Телекоммуникации: Multiservice Provider Edge9) Сокращение: MPE Test Utility (2004 Sisco Windows software test utility), Midi Provence Electronique (France), Mission Planning Element, Mission to Planet Earth, maximum permissible, most probable estimate10) Физика: Multi Photo Electron11) Вычислительная техника: multipulse exitation, Multi-Programming Executive (OS, HP, HP 3000), Mission to Planet Earth (Space)12) Литература: Mississippi Power Employees Toastmasters14) Онкология: Эпендимома (опухоль головного мозга) (Myxopapillary ependymoma)15) Космонавтика: максимально допустимая выдержка16) Фирменный знак: Motion Picture Enterprises17) Экология: maximum permissible exposure, предельно допустимые выбросы (ПДВ)18) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: ПДВ (maximum permissible emission), предельно допустимый выброс в атмосферу (maximum permissible emission), Maximum Permissible Emission (Report)19) Сетевые технологии: Multi Protocol Encapsulation20) Автоматика: mean probable error21) Контроль качества: maximum probability estimator, magnetic particle examination22) Сахалин Р: maximum permissible emission23) Макаров: multiphoton excitation24) Расширение файла: Multiple Programming Executive (HP), Movie (Moving Pictures Expert Group format)25) Нефть и газ: предельно-допустимый выброс26) Аэропорты: Madison, Connecticut USA27) СМС: Millennium Pro Edition -
43 ipe
1) Американизм: Initial Prorated Entitlement2) Военный термин: Intelligence Production Element, industrial plant equipment, industrial production equipment, information processing equipment3) Техника: individual plant examination, integrated plant evaluation, interactive programming environment, internetwork packet exchange4) Шутливое выражение: International Pigs Of Espionage5) Биржевой термин: International Petroleum Exchange6) Сокращение: Image Processing Equipment, Increased Performance Engine, Individual Protective Equipment, Institute of Production Engineers, Integral Protective Entrances, Integrated Programming Environment7) Вычислительная техника: Instructor Performance Evaluation8) Нефть: International Petroleum Exposition, initial potential estimated, installing pumping equipment, island plant East, Международная выставка нефтяного оборудования (International Petroleum Exposition), (International Petroleum Exchange) МНБ /ЛМНБ ((Лондонская) международная нефтяная биржа) (Из словаря Е. Хартукова)9) Программирование: Integrated Parameter Edit10) Химическое оружие: integrated plant exercise11) Электричество: instrument protective earth, защитное заземление КИП12) Программное обеспечение: Individualized Plan For Employment13) Международная торговля: International Political Economy -
44 mp
1) Общая лексика: многоцелевой, универсальный2) Компьютерная техника: Macro Parameter, Management Processor, Mini Profile, Multi Platform, Multi Processing, Multi Processor, Multiple Processor3) Морской термин: загрязнитель моря (Marine Pollutant( IMO cargo type classification))4) Медицина: макулярный пигмент, митогенный протеин, предварительное намагничивание (magnetization prepared)5) Американизм: Military Police6) Ботаника: Murmuring Pine7) Спорт: Magic Points, Mana Points, Might Play, Mile Point, Movement Penalty, Multi Player8) Латинский язык: Modus Ponens9) Военный термин: Machine Pistol, Manpack, Map Pack, Map Project, Marine police, Marshalling Points, Master Plan, Message Parser, Military Personnel, Mind Points, Minuteman platform, Mission Profile, Mobility Plus, Modular Powered, Movement Planner, Multi Purpose, main parachute, maintainability plan, maintenance package, maintenance panel, maintenance parts, maintenance period, maintenance plan, maintenance point, maintenance procedure, maintenance program, management package, marching pack, maritime patrol, master pilot, meeting point, military pay, military procurement, military property, mine planter, missile platform, missile positioning, mobilization plan, monitor panel, motion picture production, motor potential10) Техника: main propulsion, manpower, mean effective pressure, mean power, mean proportional, memorandum of partnership, mile-post, modulator, multiprocessor11) Шутливое выражение: Magic Packet, Mischievous Pease, Mr Piggy, Mystery Pog12) Химия: Metal Particle, Metal Particulate, Metal Poor13) Математика: математическое программирование (mathematical programming), мультипликативное свойство (multiplication property), наиболее мощный (критерий), проблема минимизации (minimization problem)14) Религия: Merry Part15) Железнодорожный термин: Union Pacific Railroad Company16) Юридический термин: Miscellaneous Proceeding, Missing Person, Moot Point, Mountain Patrol, Multi Profiling, Murder And Pillage, Mysterious Past, парламентарий (member of Parliament)17) Бухгалтерия: Money Pit18) Астрономия: Massive Protostar19) Биржевой термин: Market Place20) Ветеринария: Mud Puppies21) Грубое выражение: Manipulative Prostitute, Master Pervert, Motherfucking Perfect22) Дипломатический термин: член Европейского парламента23) Музыка: Mezzo Piano, Music Positive24) Политика: Mauritius25) Телекоммуникации: Mobile Processor, Multilink PPP26) Сокращение: Machine Pistole (Krimmi), compact sub machine gun (Germany; K), Manoeuvre Programmer, Manpower & Personnel (USAF), Marinha Portuguesa (Portugese Navy), Member of Parliament, Metal Particle (Tape), Metal-Piercing, Metropolitan Police, Military Police(man), Mission Planning, Mornarica Pjesadija (Croatian naval infantry), Moteur en Pylone (Pylon-mounted engine (France)), Multipole, Northern Mariana Islands, manufacturing and production, mass production, mounted police, multipurpose, Magnifying Power, Mandatory Protection, Manifold Pressure, Marginal Product, Membrane Potential, Memory Pointer, Minimal Protection, Monolithic Processor, Most Powerful27) Текстиль: Matched Pair28) Университет: My Problem29) Физика: Magnetic Particle, Medium Prismatic, Modal Particle, Multi Physics30) Физиология: Menstrual period, Metatarsal Phalanges, Mitochondria Points31) Электроника: Madhya Pradesh, Maximum Power, Multi Phonon, Multi Polarized32) Вычислительная техника: MultiProtocol, mathematical programming, microprocessor, (PPP) Multilink Protocol (MPPP, RFC 1990), MegaPIXEL (PIXEL, photo), Military Police (man), (контрольная) точка регулировки при профилактике33) Нефть: maximum pressure, давление на всасывании (manifold pressure), период технического обслуживания (maintenance period), порядок технического обслуживания (maintenance procedure), среднее давление (mean pressure)34) Картография: mooring post35) Банковское дело: почтовый перевод (mail payment), microprinting (средство предотвращения копирования чеков)36) Транспорт: Mopar Parts37) Пищевая промышленность: Medium Pizza, Melon Popper, More Pints38) Фирменный знак: Monolith Productions39) Экология: Monitoring Plan40) СМИ: Media Player, Motion Picture, Moving Picture, Multi Page, Multiple Part41) Деловая лексика: Main Product, Manual Pickup, Mass Produced, Means Of Production, Mechanical Perfection, Modes Of Production, Music Profits, член парламента (Великобритания, Member of Parliament)42) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: mud pump, СД (medium pressure)43) Образование: Marking Period, module paper44) Инвестиции: mail payment45) Сетевые технологии: Message Passing, Modular Portal, Multi Point, Multi Protocol, multiprocessing, system multiprocessor system, мультипроцессорная обработка46) Полимеры: medium pressure, molded plate, molding pressure47) Программирование: Make Parameter, Multi Precision48) Автоматика: machine perception, machine power, measurement processor49) Контроль качества: Metrology Provision50) Океанография: Mini Plankton51) Безопасность: Message Protector52) Расширение файла: Multiple Processors, Movie (MPEG compressed), Massively Parallel (processing)53) Энергосистемы: market participant54) Нефть и газ: main pipeline, makeup pump, marshalling panel, TP, МН, магистральный нефтепровод55) Электротехника: main protection, metallized paper56) Майкрософт: пакет управления, management point57) Общественная организация: Mautner Project, Myelin Project58) Должность: Material For Promotion, More Pension59) Чат: Mom Pops60) НАСА: Massively Parallel, Minor Planet, Multifunction Panel61) Федеральное бюро расследований: Minneapolis Field Office62) Единицы измерений: Mega Pixels -
45 electronic
1 adjELEC, ELECTRON electrónico2 -
46 Artificial Intelligence
In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inflated predictions....When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, EventuallyJust as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)5) Problems in Machine Intelligence Arise Because Things Obvious to Any Person Are Not Represented in the ProgramMany problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)[AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract FormThe basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins fly? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can fly, so robins probably can fly."Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory FormationIt is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular ContextsEven if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial IntelligenceThe primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary PropositionsIn artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence
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47 machine
məˈʃi:n
1. сущ.
1) машина, механизм;
станок to operate, run, work a machine ≈ включать, использовать механизм to shut down a machine ≈ выключать, заглушать механизм a machine functions, runs ≈ механизм работает, функционирует a machine breaks down ≈ механизм ломается answering machine ≈ автоответчик calculating machine ≈ калькулятор composing machine, linotype machine, typesetting machine ≈ печатный станок copy machine, copying machine, duplicating machine ≈ копировальный аппарат earth-moving machine ≈ машина для земляных работ milking machine ≈ доильный аппарат milling machine ≈ фрезерный станок money access machine амер. ≈ банкомат sanding machine ≈ автомобиль-пескомет sewing machine ≈ швейная машина threshing machine ≈ молотилка video-game machine ≈ джойстик voting machine ≈ машина для голосования washing machine ≈ посудомоечная машина x-ray machine ≈ рентгеновский аппарат mincing machine ≈ мясорубка slot machine, vending machine брит. ≈ торговый автомат Syn: apparatus, appliance, contrivance, device, engine, mechanism
2) амер. автомобиль;
в последнее время тж. велосипед, мотоцикл, мотоцикл с коляской, самолет
3) а) человек, работающий или действующий как машина He was a neat little machine of a butler. ≈ Он был аккуратной маленькой машиной, исполняющий обязанности дворецкого. б) аппарат (организационный и т. п.) state machine ≈ государственный аппарат party machine ≈ партийная машина political machine ≈ политическая машина machine politician ≈ политикан, тесно связанный с партийной машиной в) организация/партия, контролирующая политическую жизнь страны to oppose the Nazi war machine ≈ противостоять нацистской военной машине
4) а) театр.;
ист. машина (для производства эффектов на сцене) б) картина большого размера The small pictures and the machines appear to be the different sides of the same coin. ≈ Маленькие картины и большие, по-видимому, две стороны одной медали. в) книжн. сверхестественная сила или персонаж, выведенные в поэме
2. гл.
1) а) обрабатывать с помощью машин б) производить с помощью машин в) шить( на машине) г) печатать Syn: print, type
2) перен. механизировать, делать механическим;
обращаться как с машиной 'The new poets,' Apollinaire wrote in 1917, 'will one day machine poetry as the modern age has machined the world.' ≈ 'Новые поэты' - писал Аполлинер в 1917 году - 'в один прекрасный день механизируют поэзию, так же как современный век механизировал мир.'
3. прил. машинный machine embroidery ≈ машинная вышивка machine age ≈ век машин machine candidate ≈ кандидат правящей партии machine translation ≈ машинный перевод, автоматический перевод machine works ≈ машиностроительный завод машина, механизм - adding * счетная машина;
арифмометр - knitting * вязальная машина - * for testing испытательная машина, машина для испытаний - * accounting машинный /механизированный/ учет - * utilization использование машин - the * runs well машина работает хорошо - the * has gone wrong /is out of order/ машина испортилась - to oil a * смазать механизм, машину - to set a * going пустить машину (компьютерное) (вычислительная) машина, ЭВМ автомат, машина ( в кибернетике) станок - drilling * сверлильный станок - to run a * управлять станком, работать на станке транспортное средство;
автомобиль, самолет, велосипед - this make of * эта марка машины (американизм) (разговорное) пожарная машина механизм - hearing * of the bat слуховой механизм летучей мыши (организационный) аппарат - state * государственный аппарат, государственная машина - the conflict set the state * in motion из-за этого конфликта пришла в движение вся государственная машина - political * политическая машина - the military * военная машина - the Democratic * (американизм) администрация /административный аппарат/ демократической партии - * politician( американизм) политикан, тесно связанный с партийной машиной (театроведение) (историческое) машина подвергать механической обработке;
обрабатывать на станке( разговорное) печатать (тж. * off) abstract ~ вчт. абстрактная машина accounting ~ бухгалтерская машина accounting ~ счетная машина accounting ~ счетно-аналитическая машина accounting ~ фактурная машина adding ~ арифмометр;
счетная машина amusement ~ игральный автомат answering ~ телефонный автоответчик automatic answering ~ телефонный автоответчик bare ~ вчт. компьютер без программного обеспечения billing ~ фактурная машина blowing ~ =blowing engine bridge ~ вчт. машина промежуточного звена business ~ счетная машина для решения коммерческих задач business ~ счетная машина для решения экономических задач calculating ~ вчт. вычислительная машина capability ~ вчт. машина с мандатной адресацией cash ~ кассовый автомат coin ~ монетный автомат coin vending ~ монетный автомат coin-counting ~ автомат для размена монет coin-sorting ~ автомат для сортировки монет connection ~ вчт. машина связей copying ~ копировально-множительная машина copying ~ копировальное устройство copying ~ копировальный аппарат data base ~ вчт. машина баз данных data flow ~ вчт. машина управляемая потоком данных data processing ~ вчт. процессор данных data-base ~ вчт. машина баз данных database ~ вчт. машина баз данных dating ~ машина, проставляющая дату ensemble ~ вчт. многопроцессорный вычислительный комплекс fax ~ аппарат факсимильной связи finite-state ~ вчт. конечный автомат franking ~ почт. франкировальная машина gambling ~ игровой автомат grinding ~ шлифовальный станок hardcopy ~ аппаратура для получения документальных копий inference ~ вчт. машина логического вывода install a ~ устанавливать оборудование invoicing ~ фактурная машина knowledge base ~ вчт. машина базы знаний knowledge ~ вчт. машина обработки знаний knowledgebase ~ вчт. машина баз знаний labeling ~ этикетировочная машина language-specific ~ вчт. машина ориентированная на конкретный язык machine аппарат (организационный и т. п.) ;
state machine государственный аппарат;
party machine партийная машина ~ велосипед;
автомобиль;
самолет ~ вычислительная машина ~ машина;
станок ~ вчт. машина ~ машина ~ attr. машинный;
machine age век машин;
machine works машиностроительный завод ~ вчт. машинный ~ механизм ~ механизм ~ организация или партия, контролирующая политическую жизнь страны ~ печатать ~ подвергать механической обработке;
обрабатывать на станке ~ промышленная установка ~ станок ~ человек, работающий как машина или действующий машинально ~ швейная машинка ~ шить (на машине) ~ attr. машинный;
machine age век машин;
machine works машиностроительный завод ~ translation машинный перевод;
machine politician амер. политикан, тесно связанный с партийной машиной ~ translation машинный перевод;
machine politician амер. политикан, тесно связанный с партийной машиной translation: machine ~ вчт. автоматический перевод machine ~ вчт. машинный перевод ~ attr. машинный;
machine age век машин;
machine works машиностроительный завод works: machine ~ машиностроительный завод milking ~ вчт. механизм откачки milling ~ фрезерный станок MS-DOS ~ вчт. машина с операционной системой ДОС naked ~ вчт. компьютер без программного обеспечения network access ~ вчт. машина доступа к сети note-vending ~ станок для печатания банкнот object ~ вчт. целевая машина parallel inference ~ вчт. машина параллельного вывода machine аппарат (организационный и т. п.) ;
state machine государственный аппарат;
party machine партийная машина photocopying ~ полигр. фотокопировальная машина profiling ~ копировальный станок reduction ~ вчт. редукционная машина single-user ~ вчт. однопользовательская машина slot ~ торговый автомат soldering ~ машина для групповой пайки sorting ~ сортировальная машина sorting ~ сортирующее устройство machine аппарат (организационный и т. п.) ;
state machine государственный аппарат;
party machine партийная машина state ~ вчт. конечный автомат target ~ вчт. целевая машина teaching ~ вчт. обучающая машина telephone answering ~ телефонный автоответчик telex ~ телексный аппарат Turing ~ вчт. машина Тьюринга user ~ вчт. абонентская машина vending ~ торговый автомат vendor: vendor = vending machine virtual ~ вчт. виртуальная машина voting ~ (перен.) машина голосования voting ~ машина для подсчета голосов (на выборах) voting: ~ machine перен. машина голосования ~ machine машина для подсчета голосов (на выборах) weighing ~ весы -
48 mechanism
1) механизм; (механическое) устройство2) механизм [схема\] действия, процесса или реакции•mechanism for flattening metal strip mechanism — машина для правки полос металла-
by literal data mechanism
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by reference data mechanism
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by value data mechanism
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access mechanism
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accumulating mechanism
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active mechanism
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actuating mechanism
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aileron droop mechanism
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androgynous docking mechanism
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antenna drive mechanism
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artificial recovery mechanism
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automatic adjustment mechanism
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automatic breaker advance mechanism
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automatic drain mechanism
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automatic feed mechanism
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automatic focusing mechanism
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automatic needle selection mechanism
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automatic takeup mechanism
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automatic threading mechanism
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automatic toe closing mechanism
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automatic tool transport mechanism
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automatic transmission synchronous mechanism
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backspace mechanism
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banking mechanism
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belt let-off mechanism
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bidirectional mechanism
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blade retention mechanism
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blade-operating mechanism
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bleed valve control mechanism
-
bogie-rotation mechanism
-
boom kickout mechanism
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brace retraction mechanism
-
brake actuating mechanism
-
brake drum let-off mechanism
-
bunching mechanism
-
cam mechanism
-
cam-and-lever mechanism
-
carbon ribbon takeup mechanism
-
casting-centering mechanism
-
casting-withdrawal mechanism
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chopper bar mechanism
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clamping mechanism
-
claw mechanism
-
clutch withdrawal mechanism
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coin mechanism
-
color control mechanism
-
computer-oriented mechanism
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constant pitch spacing mechanism
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constant yam speed let-off mechanism
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control mechanism
-
converter tilting mechanism
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copying mechanism
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Cottrell mechanism
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crank mechanism
-
crimp mechanism
-
cross border mechanism
-
crossing-gate mechanism
-
cryoprotection mechanism
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cutting mechanism
-
data mechanism
-
decision mechanism
-
defibrator feed mechanism
-
deformation mechanism
-
discharging mechanism
-
disk-drive mechanism
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disk-type reserve yarn feeding mechanism
-
dispensing mechanism
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distributor mechanism
-
dividing mechanism
-
docking mechanism
-
door-lifting mechanism
-
door-removing mechanism
-
doors sequence mechanism
-
drilling mechanism
-
drive mechanism
-
dropper Jacquard mechanism
-
dual-diaphragm advance mechanism
-
electric switch mechanism
-
electric takedown mechanism
-
electrical let-off mechanism
-
electric let-off mechanism
-
electrode-positioning mechanism
-
electronic beam control mechanism
-
emergency governor mechanism
-
engine shutoff mechanism
-
engine torquemeter mechanism
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erection mechanism
-
escapement mechanism
-
executing mechanism
-
expanding brake let-off mechanism
-
failure mechanism
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fall plate mechanism
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feathering mechanism
-
feeding mechanism
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feed mechanism
-
feel spring mechanism
-
film advance mechanism
-
film collapsing mechanism
-
film drive mechanism
-
film-transport mechanism
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finger tilt mechanism
-
fire-advance mechanism
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flashover mechanism
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following mechanism
-
fracture mechanism
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friction brake let-off mechanism
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friction mechanism
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future azimuth mechanism
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gate-operating mechanism
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gathering mechanism
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gear locking mechanism
-
gear retracting mechanism
-
gear shift mechanism
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Geneva cross mechanism
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gripping mechanism
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gyro leveling mechanism
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hardening mechanism
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hitch-mechanism
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hoisting mechanism
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hold-down mechanism
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hosiery stitch control mechanism
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hydraulic let-off mechanism
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indexing mechanism
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inertia drive mechanism
-
inking mechanism
-
input mechanism
-
invert mechanism
-
jaw-release mechanism
-
jet and flapper mechanism
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kickoff mechanism
-
latches-equipped docking mechanism
-
latching mechanism
-
let-off mechanism
-
lid-lifting mechanism
-
lifting mechanism
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link mechanism
-
load feel mechanism
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locking mechanism
-
Mach-feel mechanism
-
machine wear mechanism
-
make-and-break mechanism
-
maltese-cross mechanism
-
manipulator mechanism
-
Mayer let-off mechanism
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measurement mechanism
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measuring mechanism
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mechanical let-off mechanism
-
mold-moving mechanism
-
mold-reciprocating mechanism
-
motor-operated mechanism
-
motor-operated spring mechanism
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natural recovery mechanism
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needle bar down motion mechanism
-
needle selecting mechanism
-
open active mechanism
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operating mechanism
-
orienting mechanism
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output mechanism
-
paper-advance mechanism
-
parallel control mechanism
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parison transfer mechanism
-
parts-feeder mechanism
-
pattern chain mechanism
-
pattern drum mechanism
-
pattern mechanism
-
pattern wheels mechanism
-
peg control drum mechanism
-
periphery-type docking mechanism
-
periphery docking mechanism
-
pick-and-place mechanism
-
pip squeak mechanism
-
pipe kickoff mechanism
-
pitch-changing mechanism
-
pitch-control mechanism
-
pitch-lock mechanism
-
planting mechanism
-
point operating mechanism
-
position sensing mechanism
-
positive warp let-off mechanism
-
positive let-off mechanism
-
positive intermittent let-off mechanism
-
pouring nozzle and stopper rod mechanism
-
power takeoff mechanism
-
predetermined rackage stop mechanism
-
presser foot mechanism
-
printing mechanism
-
propeller synchronization mechanism
-
proportional pitch spacing mechanism
-
pull-down claw mechanism
-
pull-down mechanism
-
pulling-and-running mechanism
-
push-up mechanism
-
q-feel mechanism
-
quick stitch mechanism
-
rack mechanism
-
recovery mechanism
-
registration mechanism
-
release mechanism
-
releasing mechanism
-
relief mechanism
-
reversing mechanism
-
ribbon feed mechanism
-
ribbon lift mechanism
-
rocker mechanism
-
rolling-up mechanism
-
roof swinging mechanism
-
rough air mechanism
-
sag-bending mechanism
-
scanner fabric stop-motion mechanism
-
screw-down mechanism
-
seeding mechanism
-
self-threading mechanism
-
self-timing mechanism
-
selvage stiffener mechanism
-
servo mechanism
-
shear mechanism
-
shift mechanism
-
shutter dissolve mechanism
-
single frame mechanism
-
slitting mechanism
-
sluicing mechanism
-
snap-action mechanism
-
spacing mechanism
-
spatial mechanism
-
spoiler differential mechanism
-
starting mechanism
-
step mechanism
-
stitch-holding mechanism
-
stitch-shortening mechanism
-
stop motion mechanism
-
stopping mechanism
-
strip-processing mechanism
-
takedown tension mechanism
-
takedown mechanism
-
takeup mechanism
-
tape-drive mechanism
-
tape-feed mechanism
-
tape-recording mechanism
-
tape-transport mechanism
-
tilt mechanism
-
tilting-basket mechanism
-
tool-lock mechanism
-
tool-select mechanism
-
transfer mechanism
-
transfer-loader mechanism
-
transmission shift mechanism
-
trigger mechanism
-
tripping mechanism
-
tuning mechanism
-
twisting mechanism
-
upset mechanism
-
vacuum advance mechanism
-
variable aperture diaphragm mechanism
-
warp stop motion mechanism
-
weft color change mechanism
-
weft insertion mechanism
-
weighing mechanism
-
welt mechanism
-
wind disturbance mechanism
-
wrapping mechanism -
49 ratio
1) отношение; соотношение; пропорция5) матем. частное•-
4:1:1 ratio
-
abundance ratio
-
activity ratio
-
adjacent-channel protection ratio
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advance ratio
-
air/oil ratio
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air-fuel ratio
-
alumina ratio
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amplitude ratio
-
anamorphic ratio
-
anode-to-cathode ratio
-
aperture ratio
-
apparent slip ratio
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aspect ratio
-
atomic ratio
-
attenuation ratio
-
augmentation ratio
-
availability ratio
-
axial ratio
-
axle ratio
-
balance ratio
-
balanced steel ratio
-
beam aspect ratio
-
beam-depth ratio
-
beam-draft ratio
-
bearing ratio
-
best power mixture ratio
-
blade aspect ratio
-
blade-area ratio
-
blending ratio
-
blip-scan ratio
-
blocking-to-forward resistance ratio
-
blowup ratio
-
boilup-feed ratio
-
boost pressure ratio
-
boosting ratio
-
boss-diameter ratio
-
boss ratio
-
braking ratio
-
breeding ratio
-
brush coverage ratio
-
burnout ratio
-
by-pass ratio
-
C/B ratio
-
cancellation ratio
-
capacity/deadweight ratio
-
capture ratio
-
carbon ratio
-
carrier-to-interference ratio
-
carrier-to-noise ratio
-
cascade pitch-chord ratio
-
catalyst-oil ratio
-
catalyst ratio
-
cement-aggregate ratio
-
cetane ratio
-
charge ratio
-
charge-to-mass ratio
-
circulation ratio
-
coal-to-coke replacement ratio
-
coherence ratio
-
common ratio
-
common-mode rejection ratio
-
compression ratio
-
contact ratio
-
continuous casting ratio
-
contrast ratio
-
control ratio
-
convergence ratio
-
conversion ratio
-
copper-to-superconductor ratio
-
correlation ratio
-
cost/performance ratio
-
critical power ratio
-
cross-ratio
-
crown diameter ratio
-
cumulative fatigue ratio
-
current instability ratio
-
current ratio
-
current transfer ratio
-
current unbalance ratio
-
cutoff ratio
-
damping ratio
-
deadweight-displacement ratio
-
deadweight ratio
-
defective ratio
-
defect ratio
-
delivery ratio
-
dependability ratio
-
desired-to-undesired signal ratio
-
developed blade-area ratio
-
deviation ratio
-
disk-area ratio
-
distortion ratio
-
disturbance ratio
-
disturb ratio
-
double ratio
-
downtime ratio
-
drafting ratio
-
drop-off-to-pickup ratio
-
drowning ratio
-
dryout ratio
-
duty ratio
-
effective pitch ratio
-
effective slip ratio
-
electric/heat output ratio
-
elongation ratio
-
empty run ratio
-
empty weight-to-carrying capacity ratio
-
energy-to-volume ratio
-
energy-to-weight ratio
-
engine displacement to horsepower ratio
-
engine pressure ratio
-
enhancement ratio
-
error ratio
-
escape ratio
-
excess noise ratio
-
excitation response ratio
-
extraction ratio
-
extrusion ratio
-
false alarm ratio
-
fat-to-lean ratio
-
field-forcing ratio
-
filter open area ratio
-
flow ratio of mold
-
flowing fluid ratio
-
focal ratio
-
frame aspect ratio
-
freeboard ratio
-
free-fluid ratio
-
frequency multiplication ratio
-
frequency ratio
-
friction ratio
-
front-to-back ratio
-
fuel ratio
-
fuel-air equivalence ratio
-
fuel-air ratio
-
fuel-oil consumption ratio
-
gas ratio
-
gas recovery ratio
-
gas-condensate ratio
-
gas-oil ratio
-
gasoline-oil consumption ratio
-
gas-water ratio
-
geometric pitch ratio
-
grain-to-air mass ratio
-
gross-to-net ratio
-
harmonic ratio
-
heat sharing ratio
-
hit ratio
-
hub-diameter ratio
-
hub ratio
-
humidity ratio
-
hydrogen carbon ratio
-
idle mixture ratio
-
image ratio
-
image signal-to-noise ratio
-
image-frequency rejection ratio
-
image rejection ratio
-
input-to-output frequency ratio
-
intensifier ratio
-
interference-to-noise ratio
-
internal breeding ratio
-
inversion level ratio
-
inversion ratio
-
ionization ratio
-
irregularity ratio
-
isolation ratio
-
jamming-to-signal ratio
-
jam-to-signal ratio
-
lay ratio
-
length-beam ratio
-
length-depth ratio
-
length-draft ratio
-
lift/drag ratio
-
light output ratio
-
likelihood ratio
-
limiting drawing ratio
-
line-interlace ratio
-
liquor ratio
-
load ratio
-
locked rotor current ratio
-
luminance ratio
-
magnetoresistive ratio
-
main-beam-to-sidelobe ratio
-
mark-to-space ratio
-
mark-space ratio
-
meander ratio
-
melting-speed ratio
-
metal-restitution ratio
-
mismatch ratio
-
miss ratio
-
mixing ratio
-
mobility ratio
-
moderating ratio
-
modular ratio
-
molar ratio
-
mold ratio
-
negative sequence current ratio
-
negative sequence voltage ratio
-
noise-power ratio
-
noise-to-signal ratio
-
notch yield ratio
-
notched-unnotched tensile strength ratio
-
n-ratio
-
nutritive ratio
-
offset ratio
-
oil-steam ratio
-
one-to-zero ratio
-
on-off ratio
-
operating ratio
-
output voltage ratio
-
output-input ratio
-
overall combined feed ratio
-
overall gear ratio
-
overburden ratio
-
overvoltage ratio
-
partition ratio
-
peak ratio
-
peak-to-average ratio
-
penetration shape ratio
-
pin-to-gate ratio
-
pitch damping ratio
-
pitch ratio
-
pitch-diameter ratio
-
pluviometric ratio
-
Poisson's ratio
-
power amplification ratio
-
power-loss ratio
-
precipitation-evaporation ratio
-
press ratio
-
pressure-viscosity ratio
-
processing ratio
-
producing water-oil ratio
-
proof ultimate ratio
-
propagation ratio
-
propane-oil ratio
-
propeller solidity ratio
-
protection ratio
-
pulse-compression ratio
-
pulse-smoothing ratio
-
pulsing ratio
-
rated voltage ratio
-
ratio of break to reduction
-
ratio of enrichment
-
ratio of flow
-
ratio of foreshortening
-
ratio of similitude
-
ratio of slope
-
ratio of specific heats
-
reactance ratio
-
reactivity ratio
-
real slip ratio
-
recall ratio
-
recirculation ratio
-
recovery ratio
-
rectification ratio
-
recycle ratio
-
reduction ratio
-
reflux ratio
-
reflux-to-product ratio
-
reinforcement ratio
-
rejection ratio
-
reproduction ratio
-
reserve-buoyance ratio
-
resetting ratio
-
reset ratio
-
resolution ratio
-
retrace ratio
-
returning ratio
-
ripple ratio
-
roll damping ratio
-
ruffling ratio
-
runner ratio
-
scaling ratio
-
scrap-metal ratio
-
seasonal ratio
-
secondary-emission ratio
-
seizure ratio
-
serviceability ratio
-
setting ratio
-
shooting ratio
-
short-circuit ratio
-
shrinkage ratio
-
shutter-to-pulldown ratio
-
sidelobe ratio
-
signal-to-clutter ratio
-
signal-to-crosstalk ratio
-
signal-to-distortion ratio
-
signal-to-interference ratio
-
signal-to-jamming ratio
-
signal-to-jam ratio
-
signal-to-noise ratio
-
signal-to-quantization noise ratio
-
silica ratio
-
sinad ratio
-
size ratio
-
skin-to-brine ratio
-
skip-stitch ratio
-
slenderness ratio
-
slip ratio
-
slope ratio
-
solvent ratio
-
speed ratio
-
spreading ratio
-
spread-to-elongation ratio
-
squareness ratio
-
squeeze ratio
-
stall torque ratio
-
standing-wave ratio
-
starting current-to-rated current ratio
-
starting current ratio
-
starting torque-to-nominal torque ratio
-
static forward current transfer ratio
-
steel ratio
-
steering ratio
-
step-down ratio
-
step-up ratio
-
stock-catalyst ratio
-
stoichiometric ratio
-
storage ratio
-
strength-to-weigth ratio
-
stress ratio
-
stretch ratio
-
stripping ratio
-
sugar-acid ratio
-
suppression ratio
-
surface-to-volume ratio
-
swirl ratio
-
swirl-to-squish ratio
-
T/D ratio
-
tall gear ratio
-
tapping voltage ratio
-
target-to-clutter ratio
-
thermal conductivity ratio
-
thickness ratio
-
thickness-to-diameter ratio
-
throughput ratio
-
thrust-deduction ratio
-
torque-to-inertia ratio
-
torque-to-weight ratio
-
transfer ratio
-
transformation ratio
-
transient overvoltage ratio
-
transmission ratio
-
transport ratio
-
traveling-wave ratio
-
tree-area ratio
-
trigonometric ratio
-
trim ratio
-
true slip ratio
-
tuning ratio
-
turn-on ratio
-
turns ratio
-
unbalance ratio
-
unbalance reduction ratio
-
up-time ratio
-
useful-to-takeoff load ratio
-
utilization ratio
-
valve ratio
-
vapor volumetric flow ratio
-
vapor-liquid ratio
-
variance ratio
-
vertical retrace ratio
-
virtual pitch ratio
-
viscosity/density ratio
-
voids ratio
-
voltage instability ratio
-
voltage nonsinusoidality ratio
-
voltage ratio
-
voltage standing-wave ratio
-
voltage transfer ratio
-
voltage unbalance ratio
-
waste-to-ore ratio
-
water use ratio
-
water-oil ratio
-
water-to-cement ratio
-
wide-band ratio
-
wind-to-coke ratio
-
wing taper ratio
-
xanthate ratio
-
yield ratio
-
zero-sequence current ratio
-
zero-sequence voltage ratio
-
zoom ratio -
50 процессор
-
51 EP
1) Общая лексика: ОПР, Experimental Programme2) Медицина: электрофизиология (ЭФ)3) Военный термин: ELINT Processor, Electronic Protection, early production, earth penetrator, electric primer, electronic patrol, electronics package, electronics panel, emergency planning, emission policy, ending period, enemy position, engine performance, engineer personnel, engineering personnel, engineering philosophy, engineering practice, engineering process, enlisted personnel, entrucking point, estimated position, expanding point4) Техника: electro pneumatic, electronic package, electronic photography, electrostatic powder, emergency plan, emergency power, engineering prototype, epoxide, equipment piece, etched plate5) Математика: оценка вероятности (estimated probability), точка равновесия (equilibrium point)6) Экономика: (economic profit) экономическая прибыль7) Финансы: (Equator principles) экваториальные приниципы (Образное название международно-признанного эталона для оценки и управления социальными и экологическими рисками проектного финансирования)8) Автомобильный термин: exhaust pressure9) Музыка: альбом (extended play), мини-альбом, пластинка, миньон (от англ. Extended Play. Запись, которая содержит больше музыки, чем сингл, но меньше, чем альбом.), мини-альбом10) Телекоммуникации: entrance point11) Сокращение: Civil aircraft marking (Iran), Earth Penetrating, Electronic Protection (Now known as ECCM), Electronic Protection (formerly ECCM), Emergency Preparedness, European Parliament, Exercise Practice, Experience Points, Extended Play, epitaxial planar, electrically polarized (relay)12) Вычислительная техника: editing program, electronic publishing, end of program, entry point, evaluation program, конец программы, программа оценки, программа-редактор, электронная издательская деятельность, электронные издательские системы13) Нефть: additive extreme-pressure lubricant, electric pump, electromagnetic pipe inspection log, engineering and procurement, engineering procurement, experimental program, mix ethane-propane mix, противозадирный (о смазке, extreme pressure), взрывозащищённый (explosion-proof), extreme pressure (lubricant)14) Экология: environmental protection15) Патенты: Европейский патент16) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Earning Power, Exploration and Production, end point (temperature at which all of a fraction is vaporized)17) Полимеры: easy-processing, effective pressure, end/picks, epoxy plastic, epoxy polymers, ethylene-propylene, extreme pressure18) Автоматика: exploration procedure19) Сахалин Р: Exploration & Production20) Химическое оружие: emergency procedure, equipment procurement, extracting procedure21) Физическая химия: entrance potential (в масс-спектроскопии)22) Макаров: electrically polarized, epoxy resin23) Расширение файла: Electrophotographic Engine24) Фармация: Европейская Фармакопея (Сокращенно Евр.Ф.) -
52 Ep
1) Общая лексика: ОПР, Experimental Programme2) Медицина: электрофизиология (ЭФ)3) Военный термин: ELINT Processor, Electronic Protection, early production, earth penetrator, electric primer, electronic patrol, electronics package, electronics panel, emergency planning, emission policy, ending period, enemy position, engine performance, engineer personnel, engineering personnel, engineering philosophy, engineering practice, engineering process, enlisted personnel, entrucking point, estimated position, expanding point4) Техника: electro pneumatic, electronic package, electronic photography, electrostatic powder, emergency plan, emergency power, engineering prototype, epoxide, equipment piece, etched plate5) Математика: оценка вероятности (estimated probability), точка равновесия (equilibrium point)6) Экономика: (economic profit) экономическая прибыль7) Финансы: (Equator principles) экваториальные приниципы (Образное название международно-признанного эталона для оценки и управления социальными и экологическими рисками проектного финансирования)8) Автомобильный термин: exhaust pressure9) Музыка: альбом (extended play), мини-альбом, пластинка, миньон (от англ. Extended Play. Запись, которая содержит больше музыки, чем сингл, но меньше, чем альбом.), мини-альбом10) Телекоммуникации: entrance point11) Сокращение: Civil aircraft marking (Iran), Earth Penetrating, Electronic Protection (Now known as ECCM), Electronic Protection (formerly ECCM), Emergency Preparedness, European Parliament, Exercise Practice, Experience Points, Extended Play, epitaxial planar, electrically polarized (relay)12) Вычислительная техника: editing program, electronic publishing, end of program, entry point, evaluation program, конец программы, программа оценки, программа-редактор, электронная издательская деятельность, электронные издательские системы13) Нефть: additive extreme-pressure lubricant, electric pump, electromagnetic pipe inspection log, engineering and procurement, engineering procurement, experimental program, mix ethane-propane mix, противозадирный (о смазке, extreme pressure), взрывозащищённый (explosion-proof), extreme pressure (lubricant)14) Экология: environmental protection15) Патенты: Европейский патент16) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Earning Power, Exploration and Production, end point (temperature at which all of a fraction is vaporized)17) Полимеры: easy-processing, effective pressure, end/picks, epoxy plastic, epoxy polymers, ethylene-propylene, extreme pressure18) Автоматика: exploration procedure19) Сахалин Р: Exploration & Production20) Химическое оружие: emergency procedure, equipment procurement, extracting procedure21) Физическая химия: entrance potential (в масс-спектроскопии)22) Макаров: electrically polarized, epoxy resin23) Расширение файла: Electrophotographic Engine24) Фармация: Европейская Фармакопея (Сокращенно Евр.Ф.) -
53 SPADE
1) Военный термин: signal processing and display equipment, small portable analyzer diagnostic equipment, space defense, spare parts analysis, documentation and evaluation, strike planning and damage estimator3) Телекоммуникации: система "Спэйд" (ИКМ-система с многостанционным доступом, предоставлением каналов по требованию и независимыми несущими для каждого канала)4) Сокращение: Space Acquisitions Defence Experiment, space defence5) Вычислительная техника: Statistical Packet Anomaly Detection Engine (Snort, IDS)6) Сетевые технологии: Statistical Packet Anomaly Detection Engine7) Океанография: Stratospheric Photochemistry, Aerosols, and Dynamics Expedition8) Программное обеспечение: Software Process Analysis Design And Enactment -
54 Spade
1) Военный термин: signal processing and display equipment, small portable analyzer diagnostic equipment, space defense, spare parts analysis, documentation and evaluation, strike planning and damage estimator3) Телекоммуникации: система "Спэйд" (ИКМ-система с многостанционным доступом, предоставлением каналов по требованию и независимыми несущими для каждого канала)4) Сокращение: Space Acquisitions Defence Experiment, space defence5) Вычислительная техника: Statistical Packet Anomaly Detection Engine (Snort, IDS)6) Сетевые технологии: Statistical Packet Anomaly Detection Engine7) Океанография: Stratospheric Photochemistry, Aerosols, and Dynamics Expedition8) Программное обеспечение: Software Process Analysis Design And Enactment -
55 ep
1) Общая лексика: ОПР, Experimental Programme2) Медицина: электрофизиология (ЭФ)3) Военный термин: ELINT Processor, Electronic Protection, early production, earth penetrator, electric primer, electronic patrol, electronics package, electronics panel, emergency planning, emission policy, ending period, enemy position, engine performance, engineer personnel, engineering personnel, engineering philosophy, engineering practice, engineering process, enlisted personnel, entrucking point, estimated position, expanding point4) Техника: electro pneumatic, electronic package, electronic photography, electrostatic powder, emergency plan, emergency power, engineering prototype, epoxide, equipment piece, etched plate5) Математика: оценка вероятности (estimated probability), точка равновесия (equilibrium point)6) Экономика: (economic profit) экономическая прибыль7) Финансы: (Equator principles) экваториальные приниципы (Образное название международно-признанного эталона для оценки и управления социальными и экологическими рисками проектного финансирования)8) Автомобильный термин: exhaust pressure9) Музыка: альбом (extended play), мини-альбом, пластинка, миньон (от англ. Extended Play. Запись, которая содержит больше музыки, чем сингл, но меньше, чем альбом.), мини-альбом10) Телекоммуникации: entrance point11) Сокращение: Civil aircraft marking (Iran), Earth Penetrating, Electronic Protection (Now known as ECCM), Electronic Protection (formerly ECCM), Emergency Preparedness, European Parliament, Exercise Practice, Experience Points, Extended Play, epitaxial planar, electrically polarized (relay)12) Вычислительная техника: editing program, electronic publishing, end of program, entry point, evaluation program, конец программы, программа оценки, программа-редактор, электронная издательская деятельность, электронные издательские системы13) Нефть: additive extreme-pressure lubricant, electric pump, electromagnetic pipe inspection log, engineering and procurement, engineering procurement, experimental program, mix ethane-propane mix, противозадирный (о смазке, extreme pressure), взрывозащищённый (explosion-proof), extreme pressure (lubricant)14) Экология: environmental protection15) Патенты: Европейский патент16) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Earning Power, Exploration and Production, end point (temperature at which all of a fraction is vaporized)17) Полимеры: easy-processing, effective pressure, end/picks, epoxy plastic, epoxy polymers, ethylene-propylene, extreme pressure18) Автоматика: exploration procedure19) Сахалин Р: Exploration & Production20) Химическое оружие: emergency procedure, equipment procurement, extracting procedure21) Физическая химия: entrance potential (в масс-спектроскопии)22) Макаров: electrically polarized, epoxy resin23) Расширение файла: Electrophotographic Engine24) Фармация: Европейская Фармакопея (Сокращенно Евр.Ф.) -
56 spade
1) Военный термин: signal processing and display equipment, small portable analyzer diagnostic equipment, space defense, spare parts analysis, documentation and evaluation, strike planning and damage estimator3) Телекоммуникации: система "Спэйд" (ИКМ-система с многостанционным доступом, предоставлением каналов по требованию и независимыми несущими для каждого канала)4) Сокращение: Space Acquisitions Defence Experiment, space defence5) Вычислительная техника: Statistical Packet Anomaly Detection Engine (Snort, IDS)6) Сетевые технологии: Statistical Packet Anomaly Detection Engine7) Океанография: Stratospheric Photochemistry, Aerosols, and Dynamics Expedition8) Программное обеспечение: Software Process Analysis Design And Enactment -
57 ♦ order
♦ order /ˈɔ:də(r)/n.1 [u] ordine; ordinamento; disposizione; assetto; genere; ceto; grado; fila; serie: in alphabetical order, in ordine alfabetico; in good order, in bell'ordine; in order of importance, in ordine d'importanza; in reverse order, in ordine inverso; (mil.) in order of battle, in ordine (o schieramento) di battaglia; troops in open order, soldati in ordine sparso; to restore order, ristabilire l'ordine2 ordine; comando: Orders must be obeyed, si deve obbedire agli ordini; to follow orders, eseguire gli ordini; to issue orders, dare (o impartire) ordini; strict orders, ordini precisi (o rigorosi, severi)6 (bot., zool.) ordine7 (comm.) ordinazione; ordinativo; ordine; commessa; ( anche) merce ordinata: to place [to cancel] an order, collocare [annullare] un'ordinazione; to fill (o to carry out) an order, eseguire (o dar corso a) un'ordinazione; order buying, acquisti su ordinativo; bulk order, grosso ordinativo; The order arrived in good condition, la merce ordinata è arrivata in buono stato9 (leg.) ordinanza; ordine; decreto ingiuntivo; mandato: to make a compulsory winding-up order, emettere un decreto di liquidazione coatta; (polit.) gag order, divieto ufficiale di discutere pubblicamente di un argomento10 ( al ristorante, ecc.) ordinazione: A waiter took our orders, un cameriere prese le ordinazioni; DIALOGO → - Last drink- They've just rung for last orders, hanno suonato la campanella per le ultime ordinazioni; side order, ordinazione aggiuntiva● ( nelle assemblee) Order!, order!, mozione d'ordine! (spec. per sollevare un'eccezione alla procedura) □ order book, (comm.) libro (o registro) delle ordinazioni; (polit.) registro delle mozioni ( ai Comuni) □ (comm.) order clerk, impiegato che registra le ordinazioni □ an order for payment, un ordine (o un mandato) di pagamento □ (comm.) order form, modulo d'ordinazione □ (leg., in GB) order in council, ( in teoria) ordinanza del sovrano; ( in pratica) decreto governativo □ order in writing, ordine scritto; (comm.) ordinazione scritta, ordinativo scritto □ (in GB) the Order of the Bath, l'Ordine del Bagno □ order of business, ordine del giorno ( di un'assemblea, ecc.) □ order of the day, ordine del giorno; (fig.) cosa consueta, cosa all'ordine del giorno: Pork was the order of the day, la carne di maiale era all'ordine del giorno □ (in GB) the Order of the Garter, l'Ordine della Giarrettiera ( 1348) □ (mat.) order of magnitude, ordine di grandezza □ (in Scozia) the Order of the Thistle, l'Ordine del Cardo ( 1687) □ order paper, ordine del giorno ( scritto) dei lavori parlamentari ( ai Comuni) □ (comm., org. az.) order processing, lavorazione degli ordinativi □ order to view, permesso di visitare ( un appartamento, ecc.); (leg.) mandato d'ispezione □ to be called to order, essere richiamato all'ordine □ (comm.) a cheque to sb. 's order, un assegno all'ordine di q. □ (mecc.) to get out of order, guastarsi; incepparsi; cessare di funzionare: DIALOGO → - Asking for the toilet- I'm afraid the toilets are out of order, purtroppo il bagno è fuori servizio □ to be in order, essere in ordine; essere regolare (o valido): DIALOGO → - Booking a room by phone- That all seems to be in order, sembra che sia tutto a posto □ in order for, affinché; perché: In order for the engine to start, you must turn the key, perché il motore si avvii, devi girare la chiave □ in order that, affinché; perché □ in order to, allo scopo di; per □ in bad order, in disordine: The books were in bad order, i libri erano in disordine □ ( USA) in short order, in breve tempo; in quattro e quattr'otto □ to keep order, (leg.) mantenere l'ordine; ( a scuola) tenere la disciplina □ (fig.) a large (o tall) order, un compito arduo; un lavoro difficile: That's a tall order!, questo è chiedere troppo! □ ( made) to order, (fatto) su ordinazione, su misura: shoes to order, scarpe su ordinazione □ (comm.: di un articolo) on order, in ordinazione; (già) ordinato; commissionato □ out of order, in disordine; guasto; (fam. ingl.) inaccettabile, intollerabile, vergognoso, che passa il segno: The engine [the phone] is out of order, il motore [il telefono] è guasto □ (mecc.) to put in working order, mettere in funzione; riparare □ ( nelle assemblee) to raise a point of order, sollevare una questione di procedura □ (mil.) review order, uniforme di parata □ (relig.) to take holy orders, prendere gli ordini sacri; essere ordinato sacerdote □ to order, su ordinazione; a richiesta, a domanda; ( di un titolo di credito) all'ordine □ (comm.) trial order, ordine di prova □ to be under order (o orders), aver ricevuto l'ordine: The captain was under orders to sail for India, il capitano aveva ricevuto l'ordine di salpare per l'India □ (mil.) to be under the orders of, essere agli ordini di, essere sotto il comando di □ until further orders, fino a nuovo ordine □ (fam.) Doctor's orders!, ordine del medico! □ ( in un locale pubblico) Last orders!, si chiude!♦ (to) order /ˈɔ:də(r)/v. t.1 ordinare; dare ordini a; comandare; fare: to order a retreat, ordinare la ritirata; The general ordered the troops to advance, il generale ha ordinato alle truppe d'avanzare (o ha fatto avanzare le truppe); I ordered that they should come immediately, ordinai che venissero subito; The boy was ordered out, al ragazzo è stato ordinato di uscire2 riordinare; ordinare; mettere in ordine: to order one's thoughts [affairs], riordinare i propri pensieri [affari]4 (comm.) ordinare; commissionare: I have ordered you a new suit ( o I have ordered a new suit for you), ti ho ordinato un vestito nuovo (ho ordinato un vestito nuovo per te)5 (tur.) ordinare; fare un'ordinazione per (qc.): to order dinner, ordinare il pranzo; DIALOGO → - Ordering food 3- Can I order some food please?, posso ordinare da mangiare?6 (form.) disporre: So we hoped, but it was otherwise ordered, noi lo speravamo, ma il fato aveva disposto altrimenti● to order a taxi, chiamare un taxi □ (mil.) Order arms, fianc'arm! -
58 in-line
-
59 area
район; округ; площадь; участок; зона; область; пространство; категория ( действий); см. тж. ground; zonebooster (engine) disposal area — ркт. район сброса [падения] стартовых двигателей [(ракетных) ускорителей]
booster (engine) impact area — ркт. район сброса [падения] стартовых двигателей [(ракетных) ускорителей]
simulated (radioactive) contamination area — ложный [имитируемый] участок (радиоактивного) заражения
— amphibious objective area— armor killing area— artillery position area— dangerous area— delaying operations area— dropping area— gun area— hot area— killing area— lethality area— limited access area— MOS area— patrolling area— POL area— preference service area— radioactive contamination area— rallying area— recreation area— SAM launching area— uploading area -
60 ability
способность; возможность-
abrasive ability
-
absorbing ability
-
adhesive ability
-
cognitive ability
-
coking ability
-
cooling ability
-
course-keeping ability
-
cross-linking ability
-
curving ability
-
dispersive ability
-
emissive ability
-
emulsifying ability
- engine breathing ability -
external measuring ability
-
felting ability
-
filter cleaning ability
-
flotation ability
-
freezing ability
-
glass-forming ability
-
handling ability
-
hauling ability
-
heat sink ability
-
heat transport ability
-
heat-conducting ability
-
internal measuring ability
-
load-carrying ability
-
lubricating ability
-
mold-filling ability
-
oil-film retaining ability
-
oxidizing ability
-
parking brake holding ability
-
penetration ability
-
power handling ability
-
power transmission ability
-
problem-solving ability
-
processing ability
-
pulling ability
-
range ability
-
reducing ability
-
reproductive ability
-
resolving ability
-
road-holding ability
-
rolling ability
-
running ability
-
screw holding ability
-
seagoing ability
-
sealing ability
-
self-cleaning ability
-
service brakes stopping ability
-
sintering ability
-
sludging ability
-
solubilizing ability
-
speed ability
-
stopping ability
-
takeoff ability
-
tinning ability
-
traction-penetration ability
-
tractive ability
-
turning ability
-
weight-carrying ability
-
wetting ability
См. также в других словарях:
Image processing engine — The image processing engine, or image processor, is an important component of a digital camera and plays a vital role in creating the digital image.The image processing engine must perform a complex range of tasks.The photodiodes employed in an… … Wikipedia
Engine-generator — An engine generator is the combination of an electrical generator and an engine (prime mover) mounted together to form a single piece of equipment. This combination is also called an engine generator set or a gen set . In many contexts, the… … Wikipedia
Venus Engine — The Venus processing engine for digital cameras is an image processing engine developed by Panasonic, and almost all of their Lumix cameras use a version of it. Image processors operate in four steps: receive data from the CCD sensor, create the… … Wikipedia
Complex event processing — (CEP) consists of processing many events happening across all the layers of an organization, identifying the most meaningful events within the event cloud, analyzing their impact, and taking subsequent action in real time. Complex event… … Wikipedia
Complex event processing — Traitement des événements complexes ou Complex Event Processing (CEP) Le Traitement des événements complexes ou CEP, est principalement un concept de traitement des événements dans le but d identifier les événements significatifs dans un nuage d… … Wikipédia en Français
Comparison of Nvidia graphics processing units — For information on AMD (previously ATI) graphics processing units, see Comparison of AMD graphics processing units. This page contains general information about Nvidia s GPUs and videocards based on official Nvidia specifications. Contents 1… … Wikipedia
Index (search engine) — Search engine indexing collects, parses, and stores data to facilitate fast and accurate information retrieval. Index design incorporates interdisciplinary concepts from linguistics, cognitive psychology, mathematics, informatics, physics, and… … Wikipedia
Physics engine — A physics engine is a computer program that simulates Newtonian physics models, using variables such as mass, velocity, friction and wind resistance. It can simulate and predict effects under different conditions that would approximate what… … Wikipedia
Microsoft Jet Database Engine — This article is about JET Red used in Microsoft Access. For the JET Blue ISAM implementation, see Extensible Storage Engine. The Microsoft Jet Database Engine is a database engine on which several Microsoft products have been built. A database… … Wikipedia
Emotion Engine — The Emotion Engine is a CPU developed and manufactured by Sony and Toshiba for use in the Sony PlayStation 2 video game console. Mass production of the Emotion Engine began in 1999. Description The Emotion Engine consists of eight separate units … Wikipedia
TCP Offload Engine — or TOE is a technology used in network interface cards to offload processing of the entire TCP/IP stack to the network controller. It is primarily used with high speed network interfaces, such as gigabit Ethernet and 10 gigabit Ethernet, where… … Wikipedia