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1 progenies
prōgĕnĭes, ēi (archaic gen. sing. progenii, Pac. ap. Gell. 9, 14, 13; and id. ap. Non. 490, 6), f. [progigno], descent, lineage, race, family.I.Lit.:II.in abstracto (very rare but class.): progeniem vestram usque ab avo atque atavo proferens,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 48:antiquitas quo propius aberat ab ortu et divinā progenie, hoc melius, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 26; id. Rep. 1, 24, 38:virtutem, non progeniem quaeri oportere (preceded by qui modo esset Herculis stirpe generatus),
id. ib. 2, 12, 24:progeniem sed enim Trojano a sanguine duci,
Verg. A. 1, 19.—Transf., in concr.a.Descendants, posterity, offspring, progeny, a son or daughter, a child (the predom. signification of the word;b.syn.: proles, suboles), Epitaphs of the Scipios: veteres, qui se progeniem deorum esse dicebant,
Cic. Univ. 11:Priamum tantā progenie (i.e. quinquaginta filiis) orbatum,
id. Tusc. 1, 35, 85:progenies mea, Claudia,
id. Cael. 14, 33; so,Sarpedon, mea progenies,
Verg. A. 10, 470: Bacchum Progeniem negat esse Jovis, Ov M. 4, 3; Liv. 1, 16, 3:progenies quoque, ut Apollo ac Diana Latonae,
Quint. 3, 7, 8:ex magnā progenie liberorum (preceded by ex tantā stirpe liberūm),
Liv. 45, 41 fin.; cf. id. 1, 13, 2:cum se matura levabit progenies (avium),
Juv. 14, 84.—In plur.:duces ducumque progenies,
Sen. Cons. ad Polyb. 11 (30), 4.—A generation of men (eccl. Lat.):c.una,
Lact. 2, 10, 10; Vulg. Exod. 34, 7.—Of animals, offspring, young, etc., Verg. G. 1, 414; 4, 56; Col. 7, 5, 6; 7, 9, 1.— Transf., of plants:III.vitis progenies,
Col. 3, 9, 7.—Trop., of poems, as offsprings of the poet's mind ( poet.):stirps haec progeniesque mea est,
Ov. Tr. 3, 14, 14. -
2 prōgeniēs
prōgeniēs —, acc. em, abl. ē, f [pro+GEN-], descent, lineage, race, family: Progeniem vostram ab atavo proferens, T.: divina: Progeniem Troiano a sanguine duci, V.— Descendants, posterity, offspring, progeny, child: se progeniem deorum esse dicere: mea, Claudia: Bacchum Progeniem negat esse Iovis, O.: liberūm, L.: Progeniem nidosque fovent (apes), their young, V.—Of poems: haec progenies mea est, offspring, O.* * *race, family, progeny -
3 progenies
descent, lineage, progeny, offspring, descendants. -
4 prosapia
prōsāpĭa, ae (collat. form prōsāpĭes, ēi or ēs), f. [pro and root sa.; cf. sero, satus], a stock, race, family (archaic; v. Quint. 1, 6, 40; 8, 3, 26; cf.: stirps, genus, progenies, posteritas): prosapia progenies: id est porro sparsis et quasi jactis liberis: quia supare significat jacere et disicere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 225 Müll.: veteres prosapias (perh. to be read veteris prosapies, as a gen. sing.), Cato ap. Non. 67, 30:de Coclitum prosapiā esse,
Plaut. Curc. 3, 23:rogitares, unde esset, quā prosapiā,
id. Merc. 3, 4, 49:homo veteris prosapiae,
Sall. J. 85, 10; so,vetus,
Just. 14, 6, 11; Suet. Galb. 2:et eorum, ut utamur veteri verbo, prosapiam,
Cic. Univ. 11; cf.:nec utique ab ultimis et jam oblitteratis repetita (verba) temporibus, qualia sunt... prosapia,
Quint. 1, 6, 40:insulsum (verbum),
id. 8, 3, 26. Galba magnā et vetere prosapiā, Suet. Galb. 2:pro gloriā veteris prosapiae,
Just. 14, 6, 11; Prud. Apoth. 1006.—Form prosapies: tot stuprorum sordidam prosapiem, Prud. steph. 10, 180; Cassiod. Var 9, 25: prosapies, genous katagôgê, Gloss. Philox. -
5 prosapies
prōsāpĭa, ae (collat. form prōsāpĭes, ēi or ēs), f. [pro and root sa.; cf. sero, satus], a stock, race, family (archaic; v. Quint. 1, 6, 40; 8, 3, 26; cf.: stirps, genus, progenies, posteritas): prosapia progenies: id est porro sparsis et quasi jactis liberis: quia supare significat jacere et disicere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 225 Müll.: veteres prosapias (perh. to be read veteris prosapies, as a gen. sing.), Cato ap. Non. 67, 30:de Coclitum prosapiā esse,
Plaut. Curc. 3, 23:rogitares, unde esset, quā prosapiā,
id. Merc. 3, 4, 49:homo veteris prosapiae,
Sall. J. 85, 10; so,vetus,
Just. 14, 6, 11; Suet. Galb. 2:et eorum, ut utamur veteri verbo, prosapiam,
Cic. Univ. 11; cf.:nec utique ab ultimis et jam oblitteratis repetita (verba) temporibus, qualia sunt... prosapia,
Quint. 1, 6, 40:insulsum (verbum),
id. 8, 3, 26. Galba magnā et vetere prosapiā, Suet. Galb. 2:pro gloriā veteris prosapiae,
Just. 14, 6, 11; Prud. Apoth. 1006.—Form prosapies: tot stuprorum sordidam prosapiem, Prud. steph. 10, 180; Cassiod. Var 9, 25: prosapies, genous katagôgê, Gloss. Philox. -
6 мейотические потомки
Molecular genetics: meiotic progeniesУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > мейотические потомки
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7 īnfitior
īnfitior ātus, ārī, dep. [infitiae], not to confess, to contradict, deny, disown: non infitiando confiteri videbantur: cum id posset infitiari, repente confessus est: in quā me non infitior esse versatum. — Pass: Progenies haud infitianda parenti, O.— Of a debt or deposit, to deny, repudiate: quid si infitiatur?: depositum, Iu.: pretium, O.* * *Iinfitiari, infitiatus sum V DEPdeny, disown; not to confess; contradict, repudiateIIinfitiari, infitiatus sum V DEPdeny; not acknowledge as true; withhold; disown; repudiate (claim); contradict -
8 mātūrus
mātūrus adj. with comp. mātūrior, and sup. mātūrissimus, or mātūrrimus, ripe, mature: poma: uva, V.: seges messi, ripe for harvesting, L.—As subst n.: quod maturi erat, all the ripe (corn), L. —Ripe, mature, of age, proper, fit, seasonable, timely: virgo, H.: infans, O.: aetas, of manhood, V.: omnia matura sunt, ready to be seized, S.: animi, of ripe judgment, V.: aevi, of mature years, V.: animo et aevo, O.: tempus, seasonable: scribendi tempus maturius: mihi ad Nonas bene maturum videtur fore, just at the right time: filia matura viro, marriageable, V.: (progenies) militiae, L.: vitulus templis maturus et arae, old enough for sacrifice, Iu.—Of mature years, advanced in life: se maturum oppetere mortem: senex, H.—Of full strength: soles, V.: maturae mala nequitiae, fullgrown depravity, Iu.—That takes place early, early, speedy: hiemes, Cs.: aetas maturissima, Her.: honores, O.: iudicium, quick: robur maturrimum, Ta.: ego sum maturior illo, was there earlier, O.: Maturior vis, i. e. premature death, H.* * *matura -um, maturior -or -us, maturissimus -a -um ADJearly, speedy; ripe; mature, mellow; timely, seasonable -
9 patricius
patricius adj. [pater], of fatherly dignity, of senatorial rank, of the patricians, patrician, noble: gens, S.: nisi qui patricius sit.—As subst m. and f a patrician, nobleman, noble lady, C., L.— Plur, the patricians, nobility: patres ab honore, patriciique progenies eorum appellati, L.: exire e patriciis, to be adopted into a plebeian family.* * *patricia, patricium ADJpatrician, noble -
10 terreus
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11 потомки
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12 отпрыски
descendantsprogeniesscions -
13 потомства
posteritiesprogenies -
14 defecti
dē-fĭcĭo, fēci, fectum, 3 ( perf. subj.: defexit, an old formula in Liv. 1, 24 fin., see below, no. III. fin. In the pass., besides the regular form deficior, ante- and postclass., once in Verg., Propert., and Livy, like fīo, eri: defit, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19; Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 46; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 12; Lucr. 2, 1142; Verg. E. 2, 22; Prop. 1, 1, 34:I.deflunt,
Gell. 20, 8, 5:defiat,
Plaut. Men. 1, 4, 3; id. Rud. 4, 4, 63:defiet,
Liv. 9, 11:defieri,
Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 2; cf. conficio init.), v. a. and n. [facio], orig., to loosen, set free, remove from; but it passed over at a very early period into the middle sense, to loosen from one's self, to remove one's self, to break loose from; and then gradually assumed the character of a new verb. act., with the meaning to leave, desert, [p. 530] depart from something, or absol., to depart, cease, fail. (For syn. cf.: desum, absum, descisco, negligo.)Act. in the middle sense, to remove one's self, separate one's self, to withdraw (cf. the Greek aphistanai).—Hence, to forsake, desert, abandon, revolt.A.Lit.:B.ab amicitia P. R.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 3, 3; 7, 39, 3:ab Aeduis,
id. ib. 2, 14, 3:ab rege,
Sall. J. 56, 3; cf. ib. 66:(consules) a senatu, a republica, a bonis omnibus defecerant,
Cic. Planc. 35; cf.:a republica,
id. Cat. 11, 28; id. Fam. 12, 10; id. Sull. 12, 35:ab imperio ac nomine nostro,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 31 et saep.:a patribus ad plebem,
to go over, Liv. 6, 20:ad se,
Sall. J. 61; cf.:ad Poenos,
Liv. 22, 61.— Absol.:civitates quae defecerant,
Caes. B. G. 3, 17, 2; 5, 25, 4; 7, 10 al.—Trop.:II.si a virtute defeceris,
forsake, Cic. Lael. 11, 37:si utilitas ab amicitia defecerit,
id. Fin. 2, 24, 79:ut a me ipse deficerem,
id. Fam. 2, 16.—Hence,As a verb. act., to leave a person or thing, to desert, to fail, forsake, be wanting to (of things;b.very rarely of personal subjects): quem jam sanguis viresque deficiunt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 50 fin.; so,vires,
id. B. C. 3, 99 fin.; Cic. de Or. 1, 45, 199:me Leontina civitas,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 46, § 110; id. ib. 2, 5, 28 fin.; Hor. S. 2, 1, 13 et saep.:res eos jam pridem, fides deficere nuper coepit,
Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 10:me dies, vox, latera deficiant, si, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 21 (imitated word for word, Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 9); cf.:ne te de republica disserentem deficiat oratio,
Cic. Rep. 1, 23; and:tempus te citius quam oratio deficeret,
id. Rosc. Am. 32:animus si te non deficit aequus,
Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 30:somnus sollicitas domus,
Tib. 3, 4, 20: genitor Phaethontis orbem, i. e. is eclipsed (cf. III. B. infra), Ov. M. 2, 382.— Poet. with a subject-clause: nec me deficiet nautas rogitare citatos, i. e. I will not cease, etc. Prop. 1, 8, 23 Kuin.—Pass.:III.cum aquilifer jam viribus deficeretur,
Caes. B. C. 3, 64, 3; cf.:mulier a menstruis defecta,
Cels. 2, 8 fin.:mulier abundat audacia, consilio et ratione deficitur,
Cic. Clu. 65, 184:aqua ciboque defecti,
Quint. 3, 8, 23; Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:sanguine defecti artus,
Ov. M. 5, 96 et saep.:si qui dotem promisit defectus sit facultatibus,
i. e. unable to pay, Dig. 23, 3, 33; cf.:te defecta nomina,
ib. 22, 1, 11 fin. —Middle or neuter, to run out, be wanting, fail, cease, disappear.A.Middle (mostly ante-class. and poet.).(α).With dat.: mihi fortuna magis nunc defit, quam genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19; Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 2:(β).lac mihi non aestate novum, non frigore defit,
Verg. E. 2, 22.—Absol.:B.neque opsonium defiat neque supersit,
Plaut. Men. 1, 4, 3;so opp. superesse,
Ter. Ph. 1, 3, 10:ut defiat dies,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 63: id. Mil. 4, 6, 46:numquamne causa defiet, cur? etc.,
Liv. 9, 11.— Trop.:defectis (sc. animo) defensoribus,
disheartened, Caes. B. C. 3, 40, 3:sed non usque eo defectum Germanicum,
weakened, Tac. A. 2, 70; cf. in the foll. no. B. b.—Neuter.(α).With dat. (so rarely; mostly poet.):(β).cum non solum vires, sed etiam tela nostris deficerent,
Caes. B. G. 3, 5, 1;so perh.: vires nostris,
id. B. C. 2, 41, 7 (al. nostros); Sil. 8, 661 Oud. N. cr.; cf. id. 10, 10, 193; and Stat. Ach. 1, 445.—Absol. (freq. in all periods and kinds of composition):non frumentum deficere poterat,
Caes. B. C. 2, 37 fin.; cf.:fructus ex arboribus,
id. ib. 3, 58 fin.:ejus generis copia,
id. B. G. 6, 16 fin.:tempus anni ad bellum gerendum,
id. ib. 4, 20, 2:vereor, ne mihi crimina non suppeterent, ne oratio deesset, ne vox viresque deficerent,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 11:nisi memoria forte defecerit,
id. Fin. 2, 14, 44; id. Rep. 1, 3:non deficiente crumena,
Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 11 et saep.; Juv. 11, 38:quod plena luna defecisset,
was eclipsed, Cic. Rep. 1, 15; cf.:solem lunae oppositum solere deficere,
id. ib. 1, 16 al.; also simply to set:qua venit exoriens, qua deficit,
Prop. 4, 4, 27: lunā deficiente, waning (opp. crescente), Gell. 20, 8, 5; of fire and light, to go out, expire, become extinct:ignis,
Verg. G. 352:lumen,
Petr. 111, 4:progenies Caesarum in Nerone deficit,
becomes extinct, dies out, Suet. Galb. 1; cf. Plin. Pan. 39, 6; Just. 7, 2, 4; Sen. Suas. 2, 22;but deficit ignis,
does not extend, Verg. A. 2, 505:in hac voce defecit,
he departed, expired, Suet. Aug. 99; Quint. 6 prooem. § 11: deficit omne quod nascitur, comes to an end, Quint. 5, 10, 79; cf.:mundum deficere,
id. ib.:deficit vita,
Plaut. Asin. 3, 3, 19;quod multi Gallicis tot bellis defecerant,
had been lost, Caes. B. C. 3, 2 fin.:ultima jam passi comites bello Deficiunt,
grow faint, Ov. M. 14, 483:deficit Matho,
fails, becomes bankrupt, Juv. 7, 129:debitores,
Dig. 49, 14, 3, § 8:munimenta defecerant,
yielded, surrendered, Curt. 4, 4, 19.— Trop.:ne negotio desisteret neu animo deficeret,
nor be disheartened, Caes. B. C. 3, 112 fin.; so,animo,
id. B. G. 7, 30; id. B. C. 1, 19; 2, 43; Cic. Rosc. Am. 4, 10;for which, ne deficiant (apes) animum,
Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 34; and in a like sense absol.:ne una plaga accepta patres conscripti conciderent, ne deficerent,
Cic. Att. 1, 16, 9; so Caes. B. C. 2, 31 fin.; Sall. J. 51, 4:deficit ars,
Ov. M. 11, 537: illis legibus populus Romanus prior non deficiet: si prior defexit publico consilio dolo malo, tu illo die, Juppiter, etc., to depart from, violate the conditions of a treaty, an old formula used in taking an oath, Liv. 1, 24 fin.:pugnando deficere,
i. e. to be deficient, wanting, Caes. B. C. 2, 6, 3; cf. poet. with foll. inf.:suppeditare Materies,
Lucr. 1, 1039; Sil. 3, 112; Tib. 4, 1, 191.— Hence, dēfectus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to no. III.), weak, weakened, worn out, enfeebled (not ante-Aug.):quod sibi defectis illa tulisset opem,
Ov. F. 3, 674:defectus annis et desertus viribus,
Phaedr. 1, 21, 3; cf.:defectissimus annis et viribus,
Col. 1 prooem. §12: senio (arbor),
id. 5, 6, 37:laboribus,
Val. Fl. 2, 285:vadit incerto pede, jam viribus defecta,
Sen. Hippol. 374:defectae senectutis homine,
Dig. 7, 1, 12, § 3:in tumidis et globosis (speculis) omnia defectiora (corresp. with paria and auctiora),
smaller, App. Mag. p. 283.— Plur. subst.: dēfecti, ōrum, m.:sidera obscura attributa defectis,
the weak, Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 28. -
15 deficio
dē-fĭcĭo, fēci, fectum, 3 ( perf. subj.: defexit, an old formula in Liv. 1, 24 fin., see below, no. III. fin. In the pass., besides the regular form deficior, ante- and postclass., once in Verg., Propert., and Livy, like fīo, eri: defit, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19; Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 46; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 12; Lucr. 2, 1142; Verg. E. 2, 22; Prop. 1, 1, 34:I.deflunt,
Gell. 20, 8, 5:defiat,
Plaut. Men. 1, 4, 3; id. Rud. 4, 4, 63:defiet,
Liv. 9, 11:defieri,
Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 2; cf. conficio init.), v. a. and n. [facio], orig., to loosen, set free, remove from; but it passed over at a very early period into the middle sense, to loosen from one's self, to remove one's self, to break loose from; and then gradually assumed the character of a new verb. act., with the meaning to leave, desert, [p. 530] depart from something, or absol., to depart, cease, fail. (For syn. cf.: desum, absum, descisco, negligo.)Act. in the middle sense, to remove one's self, separate one's self, to withdraw (cf. the Greek aphistanai).—Hence, to forsake, desert, abandon, revolt.A.Lit.:B.ab amicitia P. R.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 3, 3; 7, 39, 3:ab Aeduis,
id. ib. 2, 14, 3:ab rege,
Sall. J. 56, 3; cf. ib. 66:(consules) a senatu, a republica, a bonis omnibus defecerant,
Cic. Planc. 35; cf.:a republica,
id. Cat. 11, 28; id. Fam. 12, 10; id. Sull. 12, 35:ab imperio ac nomine nostro,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 31 et saep.:a patribus ad plebem,
to go over, Liv. 6, 20:ad se,
Sall. J. 61; cf.:ad Poenos,
Liv. 22, 61.— Absol.:civitates quae defecerant,
Caes. B. G. 3, 17, 2; 5, 25, 4; 7, 10 al.—Trop.:II.si a virtute defeceris,
forsake, Cic. Lael. 11, 37:si utilitas ab amicitia defecerit,
id. Fin. 2, 24, 79:ut a me ipse deficerem,
id. Fam. 2, 16.—Hence,As a verb. act., to leave a person or thing, to desert, to fail, forsake, be wanting to (of things;b.very rarely of personal subjects): quem jam sanguis viresque deficiunt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 50 fin.; so,vires,
id. B. C. 3, 99 fin.; Cic. de Or. 1, 45, 199:me Leontina civitas,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 46, § 110; id. ib. 2, 5, 28 fin.; Hor. S. 2, 1, 13 et saep.:res eos jam pridem, fides deficere nuper coepit,
Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 10:me dies, vox, latera deficiant, si, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 21 (imitated word for word, Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 9); cf.:ne te de republica disserentem deficiat oratio,
Cic. Rep. 1, 23; and:tempus te citius quam oratio deficeret,
id. Rosc. Am. 32:animus si te non deficit aequus,
Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 30:somnus sollicitas domus,
Tib. 3, 4, 20: genitor Phaethontis orbem, i. e. is eclipsed (cf. III. B. infra), Ov. M. 2, 382.— Poet. with a subject-clause: nec me deficiet nautas rogitare citatos, i. e. I will not cease, etc. Prop. 1, 8, 23 Kuin.—Pass.:III.cum aquilifer jam viribus deficeretur,
Caes. B. C. 3, 64, 3; cf.:mulier a menstruis defecta,
Cels. 2, 8 fin.:mulier abundat audacia, consilio et ratione deficitur,
Cic. Clu. 65, 184:aqua ciboque defecti,
Quint. 3, 8, 23; Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:sanguine defecti artus,
Ov. M. 5, 96 et saep.:si qui dotem promisit defectus sit facultatibus,
i. e. unable to pay, Dig. 23, 3, 33; cf.:te defecta nomina,
ib. 22, 1, 11 fin. —Middle or neuter, to run out, be wanting, fail, cease, disappear.A.Middle (mostly ante-class. and poet.).(α).With dat.: mihi fortuna magis nunc defit, quam genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19; Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 2:(β).lac mihi non aestate novum, non frigore defit,
Verg. E. 2, 22.—Absol.:B.neque opsonium defiat neque supersit,
Plaut. Men. 1, 4, 3;so opp. superesse,
Ter. Ph. 1, 3, 10:ut defiat dies,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 63: id. Mil. 4, 6, 46:numquamne causa defiet, cur? etc.,
Liv. 9, 11.— Trop.:defectis (sc. animo) defensoribus,
disheartened, Caes. B. C. 3, 40, 3:sed non usque eo defectum Germanicum,
weakened, Tac. A. 2, 70; cf. in the foll. no. B. b.—Neuter.(α).With dat. (so rarely; mostly poet.):(β).cum non solum vires, sed etiam tela nostris deficerent,
Caes. B. G. 3, 5, 1;so perh.: vires nostris,
id. B. C. 2, 41, 7 (al. nostros); Sil. 8, 661 Oud. N. cr.; cf. id. 10, 10, 193; and Stat. Ach. 1, 445.—Absol. (freq. in all periods and kinds of composition):non frumentum deficere poterat,
Caes. B. C. 2, 37 fin.; cf.:fructus ex arboribus,
id. ib. 3, 58 fin.:ejus generis copia,
id. B. G. 6, 16 fin.:tempus anni ad bellum gerendum,
id. ib. 4, 20, 2:vereor, ne mihi crimina non suppeterent, ne oratio deesset, ne vox viresque deficerent,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 11:nisi memoria forte defecerit,
id. Fin. 2, 14, 44; id. Rep. 1, 3:non deficiente crumena,
Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 11 et saep.; Juv. 11, 38:quod plena luna defecisset,
was eclipsed, Cic. Rep. 1, 15; cf.:solem lunae oppositum solere deficere,
id. ib. 1, 16 al.; also simply to set:qua venit exoriens, qua deficit,
Prop. 4, 4, 27: lunā deficiente, waning (opp. crescente), Gell. 20, 8, 5; of fire and light, to go out, expire, become extinct:ignis,
Verg. G. 352:lumen,
Petr. 111, 4:progenies Caesarum in Nerone deficit,
becomes extinct, dies out, Suet. Galb. 1; cf. Plin. Pan. 39, 6; Just. 7, 2, 4; Sen. Suas. 2, 22;but deficit ignis,
does not extend, Verg. A. 2, 505:in hac voce defecit,
he departed, expired, Suet. Aug. 99; Quint. 6 prooem. § 11: deficit omne quod nascitur, comes to an end, Quint. 5, 10, 79; cf.:mundum deficere,
id. ib.:deficit vita,
Plaut. Asin. 3, 3, 19;quod multi Gallicis tot bellis defecerant,
had been lost, Caes. B. C. 3, 2 fin.:ultima jam passi comites bello Deficiunt,
grow faint, Ov. M. 14, 483:deficit Matho,
fails, becomes bankrupt, Juv. 7, 129:debitores,
Dig. 49, 14, 3, § 8:munimenta defecerant,
yielded, surrendered, Curt. 4, 4, 19.— Trop.:ne negotio desisteret neu animo deficeret,
nor be disheartened, Caes. B. C. 3, 112 fin.; so,animo,
id. B. G. 7, 30; id. B. C. 1, 19; 2, 43; Cic. Rosc. Am. 4, 10;for which, ne deficiant (apes) animum,
Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 34; and in a like sense absol.:ne una plaga accepta patres conscripti conciderent, ne deficerent,
Cic. Att. 1, 16, 9; so Caes. B. C. 2, 31 fin.; Sall. J. 51, 4:deficit ars,
Ov. M. 11, 537: illis legibus populus Romanus prior non deficiet: si prior defexit publico consilio dolo malo, tu illo die, Juppiter, etc., to depart from, violate the conditions of a treaty, an old formula used in taking an oath, Liv. 1, 24 fin.:pugnando deficere,
i. e. to be deficient, wanting, Caes. B. C. 2, 6, 3; cf. poet. with foll. inf.:suppeditare Materies,
Lucr. 1, 1039; Sil. 3, 112; Tib. 4, 1, 191.— Hence, dēfectus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to no. III.), weak, weakened, worn out, enfeebled (not ante-Aug.):quod sibi defectis illa tulisset opem,
Ov. F. 3, 674:defectus annis et desertus viribus,
Phaedr. 1, 21, 3; cf.:defectissimus annis et viribus,
Col. 1 prooem. §12: senio (arbor),
id. 5, 6, 37:laboribus,
Val. Fl. 2, 285:vadit incerto pede, jam viribus defecta,
Sen. Hippol. 374:defectae senectutis homine,
Dig. 7, 1, 12, § 3:in tumidis et globosis (speculis) omnia defectiora (corresp. with paria and auctiora),
smaller, App. Mag. p. 283.— Plur. subst.: dēfecti, ōrum, m.:sidera obscura attributa defectis,
the weak, Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 28. -
16 dura
dūrus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. root dhar, to fix, confirm], hard.I.Lit.A.Orig. as affecting the sense of feeling:(α).et validi silices ac duri robora ferri,
Lucr. 2, 449; so,silex,
Verg. A. 6, 471:ferrum,
Hor. C. 3, 11, 31:cautes,
Verg. A. 4, 366; Ov. M. 4, 672:bipennes,
Hor. C. 4, 4, 57:ligones,
id. Epod. 5, 30:aratrum,
id. S. 1, 1, 28:compes,
id. Epod. 4, 4:pellis,
Lucr. 6, 1195; Verg. G. 3, 502:arva,
id. ib. 2, 341; cf.cutis,
Ov. M. 8, 805:alvus,
Cels. 6, 18, 9; Hor. S. 2, 4, 27: aqua, hard, i. e. containing much earthy matter, Cels. 2, 30 fin.; cf.muria,
saturated with salt, Col. 6, 30 fin.; 12, 6, 1 et saep., v. muria:dumeta,
i. e. rough, Ov. M. 1, 105 et saep.:gallina,
tough, not yet boiled tender, Hor. S. 2, 4, 18; cf.:fungi, qui in coquendo duriores fient,
Plin. 22, 23, 47, § 99 et saep.— Sup.:ladanum durissimum tactu,
Plin. 26, 8, 30, § 48; cf.:durissimus tophus vel carbunculus,
Col. 3, 11, 7 et saep.—As subst.: dūrum, i, n.E duro (sc. ligno), of the hardened wood of the vine, Col. 3, 6, 2; 3, 10, 15; 21 et saep.; cf. duramentum.—(β).Durum cacare, Mart. 3, 89, 2.—B.Transf.1.As affecting the sense of taste:2.vinum, opp. suavis,
hard, harsh, Pall. Oct. 14, 5; cf.:sapor Bacchi,
Verg. G. 4, 102:acetum,
Ser. Samm. 40 and 351.—As affecting the ear:II.vocis genera permulta:... grave acutum, flexibile durum,
Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 15 and 32.—Hence, in rhet., hard, rough (cf. asper, II.):aspera et dura et dissoluta et hians oratio,
Quint. 8, 6, 62:consonantes,
id. 11, 3, 35:syllabae,
id. 12, 10, 30:verba,
id. 8, 3, 32 sq.; cf. id. 1, 5, 72:compositio,
id. 9, 4, 142.Trop.A.Opp. to cultivated, rough, rulde, uncultivated:2.Q. Aelius Tubero ut vita sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus,
Cic. Brut. 31; cf.:(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores, et oratione et moribus,
id. Fin. 4, 28, 78; id. Mur. 29:Attilius poëta durissimus,
id. Att. 14, 20, 3:C. Marius, qui durior ad haec studia videbatur,
id. Arch. 9, 19; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 93; 8 prooem. § 26; Hor. S. 1, 4, 8 al.:pictor durus in coloribus,
Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 137; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 7: Fauni, gens duro robore nata, Verg. A. 8, 315; cf.:terrea progenies duris caput extulit arvis,
id. G. 2, 341; cf. also Stat. Th. 4, 276 sq.; Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 8.—But sometimes as a praiseworthy quality, opp. to soft, weakly, hardy, vigorous (esp. freq. in poets):B.fortes et duri Spartiatae,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 43; cf.:Ligures, durum in armis genus,
Liv. 27, 48:durum genus experiensque laborum,
hardy, Ov. M. 1, 414:unde homines nati, durum genus,
Verg. G. 1, 63 (cf. laas and laos, Pind. Ol. 9, 71):gens dura atque aspera cultu,
a hardy race, id. A. 5, 730:genus humanum durius, tellus quod dura creāsset,
Lucr. 5, 926:Dardanidae,
Verg. A. 3, 94:Hannibal,
Hor. C. 2, 12, 2:Iberia,
id. ib. 4, 14, 50:vindemiator,
id. S. 1, 7, 29; cf.:ilia messorum,
id. Epod. 3, 4:juvenci,
Ov. M. 3, 584 et saep. —Opp. to morally mild, gentle, harsh, rough, stern, unyielding, unfeeling, insensible, obstinate:C.quis se tam durum agrestemque praeberet, qui, etc.,
Cic. Or. 43, 148; cf.:quis nostrum animo tam agresti et duro fuit, ut? etc.,
id. Arch. 8:neque sunt audiendi, qui virtutem duram et quasi ferream esse quandam volunt,
id. Lael. 13 fin.;ingenio esse duro atque inexorabili,
Ter. Ph. 3, 2, 12:satis pater durus fui,
id. Heaut. 3, 1, 30; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 39; Cic. Cael. 16; Hor. S. 1, 2, 17:Varius qui est habitus judex durior,
Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62: cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:mala vel duri lacrimas motura Catonis,
Luc. 9, 50: duriorem se praebere alicujus miserae et afflictae fortunae, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13 A (cf. opp. at the end of the letter: se placabiliorem praebere):duri hominis vel potius vix hominis videtur, periculum capitis inferre multis,
Cic. Off. 2, 14, 50; Hor. C. 4, 1, 7:quid nos dura refugimus aetas?
id. ib. 1, 35, 34:ōs durum,
shameless, impudent, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 36 Ruhnk.; Cic. Quint. 24 fin.; Ov. M. 5, 451:cor,
Vulg. Sirach, 3, 27 et saep. Of the austerity of the Stoic mode of living, v. above, A.—Of things, hard, severe, toilsome; troublesome, burdensome, disagreeable; adverse, unfortunate:A.opulento homini hoc servitus dura est,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 12; so,servitus,
Cic. Rep. 1, 44; 2, 25; cf.lex,
Plaut. Merc. 4, 6, 1:condicio,
Cic. Rab. Post. 6 fin.:provincia,
Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 23; cf.partes,
id. Eun. 2, 3, 62; Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8 A:dolor,
Lucr. 3, 460:labor,
id. 5, 1272:subvectiones,
Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1:venatus,
Ov. M. 4, 307:dura cultu et aspera plaga,
Liv. 45, 30 fin.:durissimo tempore anni,
Caes. B. G. 7, 8, 2; cf. id. B. C. 3, 25, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 5 fin.:morbum acrem ac durum,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 119; cf.valetudo,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 88:dolores,
Verg. A. 5, 5:frigus,
Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 10:fames,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 6:pauperies,
id. C. 4, 9, 49:causa,
Lucr. 3, 485; Quint. 4, 1, 25; Hor. S. 1, 10, 26:nomen (opp. molle),
Cic. Off. 1, 12:verbum,
id. Brut. 79, 274:propositio,
Quint. 4, 5, 5 et saep.: De. Etiamne id lex coëgit? Ph. Illud durum, Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 8; so in the neutr. sing., Quint. 11, 1, 85; 12, 1, 36; Hor. S. 1, 9, 42 et saep.; cf.ellipt.: non vanae redeat sanguis imagini... Durum: sed levius fit patientia, etc.,
Hor. C. 1, 24, 19. In plur. subst.: dura, ōrum, n., hardships, difficulties:siccis omnia dura deus proposuit,
Hor. C. 1, 18, 3; id. Ep. 2, 1, 141; Sen. Oedip. 208; Verg. A. 8, 522:ego dura tuli,
Ov. M. 9, 544 al. (In fem. plur. ellipt., sc. partes, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 22 very dub.).— Comp.:hi, si quid erat durius, concurrebant,
if any unusual difficulty occurred, Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 6; 5, 29, 6; id. B. C. 3, 94, 6.— Adv. posit. in two forms: dūrĭter and dūre.(Acc. to 1. A.) Hardly:B.juga premunt duriter colla (boum),
Vitr. 10, 8.— Comp.:durius,
Vitr. 10, 15 fin. —(Acc. to II. A.-C.)1.Hardly, stiffly, awkwardly:b.membra moventes Duriter,
Lucr. 5, 1401:duriter,
Auct. Her. 4, 10, 15; Gell. 17, 10, 15:dure,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 66; Quint. 9, 4, 58; 10, 2, 19; Gell. 18, 11, 2.— Comp., Ov. R. Am. 337; Hor. S. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 8, 6, 24; 9, 4, 15; 117.—Hardily, rigorously, austerely:2.vitam parce ac duriter agebat,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 47; id. Ad. 1, 1, 20; Novius ap. Non. 512.—Harshly, roughly, sternly:3.quam tibi ex ore orationem duriter dictis dedit,
Enn. Trag. v. 348 Vahl.:duriter,
Afran. Com. v. 251 Rib.; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 28.— Comp., Cic. Lig. 6; id. Att. 1, 1, 4; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; Caes. B. C. 1, 22 fin.; Tac. Agr. 16; id. A. 3, 52; Sen. Ep. 8; Vulg. Gen. 42, 7.— Sup., Hadrian. in Dig. 47, 14, 1.— -
17 durum
dūrus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. root dhar, to fix, confirm], hard.I.Lit.A.Orig. as affecting the sense of feeling:(α).et validi silices ac duri robora ferri,
Lucr. 2, 449; so,silex,
Verg. A. 6, 471:ferrum,
Hor. C. 3, 11, 31:cautes,
Verg. A. 4, 366; Ov. M. 4, 672:bipennes,
Hor. C. 4, 4, 57:ligones,
id. Epod. 5, 30:aratrum,
id. S. 1, 1, 28:compes,
id. Epod. 4, 4:pellis,
Lucr. 6, 1195; Verg. G. 3, 502:arva,
id. ib. 2, 341; cf.cutis,
Ov. M. 8, 805:alvus,
Cels. 6, 18, 9; Hor. S. 2, 4, 27: aqua, hard, i. e. containing much earthy matter, Cels. 2, 30 fin.; cf.muria,
saturated with salt, Col. 6, 30 fin.; 12, 6, 1 et saep., v. muria:dumeta,
i. e. rough, Ov. M. 1, 105 et saep.:gallina,
tough, not yet boiled tender, Hor. S. 2, 4, 18; cf.:fungi, qui in coquendo duriores fient,
Plin. 22, 23, 47, § 99 et saep.— Sup.:ladanum durissimum tactu,
Plin. 26, 8, 30, § 48; cf.:durissimus tophus vel carbunculus,
Col. 3, 11, 7 et saep.—As subst.: dūrum, i, n.E duro (sc. ligno), of the hardened wood of the vine, Col. 3, 6, 2; 3, 10, 15; 21 et saep.; cf. duramentum.—(β).Durum cacare, Mart. 3, 89, 2.—B.Transf.1.As affecting the sense of taste:2.vinum, opp. suavis,
hard, harsh, Pall. Oct. 14, 5; cf.:sapor Bacchi,
Verg. G. 4, 102:acetum,
Ser. Samm. 40 and 351.—As affecting the ear:II.vocis genera permulta:... grave acutum, flexibile durum,
Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 15 and 32.—Hence, in rhet., hard, rough (cf. asper, II.):aspera et dura et dissoluta et hians oratio,
Quint. 8, 6, 62:consonantes,
id. 11, 3, 35:syllabae,
id. 12, 10, 30:verba,
id. 8, 3, 32 sq.; cf. id. 1, 5, 72:compositio,
id. 9, 4, 142.Trop.A.Opp. to cultivated, rough, rulde, uncultivated:2.Q. Aelius Tubero ut vita sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus,
Cic. Brut. 31; cf.:(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores, et oratione et moribus,
id. Fin. 4, 28, 78; id. Mur. 29:Attilius poëta durissimus,
id. Att. 14, 20, 3:C. Marius, qui durior ad haec studia videbatur,
id. Arch. 9, 19; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 93; 8 prooem. § 26; Hor. S. 1, 4, 8 al.:pictor durus in coloribus,
Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 137; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 7: Fauni, gens duro robore nata, Verg. A. 8, 315; cf.:terrea progenies duris caput extulit arvis,
id. G. 2, 341; cf. also Stat. Th. 4, 276 sq.; Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 8.—But sometimes as a praiseworthy quality, opp. to soft, weakly, hardy, vigorous (esp. freq. in poets):B.fortes et duri Spartiatae,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 43; cf.:Ligures, durum in armis genus,
Liv. 27, 48:durum genus experiensque laborum,
hardy, Ov. M. 1, 414:unde homines nati, durum genus,
Verg. G. 1, 63 (cf. laas and laos, Pind. Ol. 9, 71):gens dura atque aspera cultu,
a hardy race, id. A. 5, 730:genus humanum durius, tellus quod dura creāsset,
Lucr. 5, 926:Dardanidae,
Verg. A. 3, 94:Hannibal,
Hor. C. 2, 12, 2:Iberia,
id. ib. 4, 14, 50:vindemiator,
id. S. 1, 7, 29; cf.:ilia messorum,
id. Epod. 3, 4:juvenci,
Ov. M. 3, 584 et saep. —Opp. to morally mild, gentle, harsh, rough, stern, unyielding, unfeeling, insensible, obstinate:C.quis se tam durum agrestemque praeberet, qui, etc.,
Cic. Or. 43, 148; cf.:quis nostrum animo tam agresti et duro fuit, ut? etc.,
id. Arch. 8:neque sunt audiendi, qui virtutem duram et quasi ferream esse quandam volunt,
id. Lael. 13 fin.;ingenio esse duro atque inexorabili,
Ter. Ph. 3, 2, 12:satis pater durus fui,
id. Heaut. 3, 1, 30; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 39; Cic. Cael. 16; Hor. S. 1, 2, 17:Varius qui est habitus judex durior,
Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62: cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:mala vel duri lacrimas motura Catonis,
Luc. 9, 50: duriorem se praebere alicujus miserae et afflictae fortunae, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13 A (cf. opp. at the end of the letter: se placabiliorem praebere):duri hominis vel potius vix hominis videtur, periculum capitis inferre multis,
Cic. Off. 2, 14, 50; Hor. C. 4, 1, 7:quid nos dura refugimus aetas?
id. ib. 1, 35, 34:ōs durum,
shameless, impudent, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 36 Ruhnk.; Cic. Quint. 24 fin.; Ov. M. 5, 451:cor,
Vulg. Sirach, 3, 27 et saep. Of the austerity of the Stoic mode of living, v. above, A.—Of things, hard, severe, toilsome; troublesome, burdensome, disagreeable; adverse, unfortunate:A.opulento homini hoc servitus dura est,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 12; so,servitus,
Cic. Rep. 1, 44; 2, 25; cf.lex,
Plaut. Merc. 4, 6, 1:condicio,
Cic. Rab. Post. 6 fin.:provincia,
Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 23; cf.partes,
id. Eun. 2, 3, 62; Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8 A:dolor,
Lucr. 3, 460:labor,
id. 5, 1272:subvectiones,
Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1:venatus,
Ov. M. 4, 307:dura cultu et aspera plaga,
Liv. 45, 30 fin.:durissimo tempore anni,
Caes. B. G. 7, 8, 2; cf. id. B. C. 3, 25, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 5 fin.:morbum acrem ac durum,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 119; cf.valetudo,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 88:dolores,
Verg. A. 5, 5:frigus,
Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 10:fames,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 6:pauperies,
id. C. 4, 9, 49:causa,
Lucr. 3, 485; Quint. 4, 1, 25; Hor. S. 1, 10, 26:nomen (opp. molle),
Cic. Off. 1, 12:verbum,
id. Brut. 79, 274:propositio,
Quint. 4, 5, 5 et saep.: De. Etiamne id lex coëgit? Ph. Illud durum, Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 8; so in the neutr. sing., Quint. 11, 1, 85; 12, 1, 36; Hor. S. 1, 9, 42 et saep.; cf.ellipt.: non vanae redeat sanguis imagini... Durum: sed levius fit patientia, etc.,
Hor. C. 1, 24, 19. In plur. subst.: dura, ōrum, n., hardships, difficulties:siccis omnia dura deus proposuit,
Hor. C. 1, 18, 3; id. Ep. 2, 1, 141; Sen. Oedip. 208; Verg. A. 8, 522:ego dura tuli,
Ov. M. 9, 544 al. (In fem. plur. ellipt., sc. partes, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 22 very dub.).— Comp.:hi, si quid erat durius, concurrebant,
if any unusual difficulty occurred, Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 6; 5, 29, 6; id. B. C. 3, 94, 6.— Adv. posit. in two forms: dūrĭter and dūre.(Acc. to 1. A.) Hardly:B.juga premunt duriter colla (boum),
Vitr. 10, 8.— Comp.:durius,
Vitr. 10, 15 fin. —(Acc. to II. A.-C.)1.Hardly, stiffly, awkwardly:b.membra moventes Duriter,
Lucr. 5, 1401:duriter,
Auct. Her. 4, 10, 15; Gell. 17, 10, 15:dure,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 66; Quint. 9, 4, 58; 10, 2, 19; Gell. 18, 11, 2.— Comp., Ov. R. Am. 337; Hor. S. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 8, 6, 24; 9, 4, 15; 117.—Hardily, rigorously, austerely:2.vitam parce ac duriter agebat,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 47; id. Ad. 1, 1, 20; Novius ap. Non. 512.—Harshly, roughly, sternly:3.quam tibi ex ore orationem duriter dictis dedit,
Enn. Trag. v. 348 Vahl.:duriter,
Afran. Com. v. 251 Rib.; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 28.— Comp., Cic. Lig. 6; id. Att. 1, 1, 4; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; Caes. B. C. 1, 22 fin.; Tac. Agr. 16; id. A. 3, 52; Sen. Ep. 8; Vulg. Gen. 42, 7.— Sup., Hadrian. in Dig. 47, 14, 1.— -
18 durus
dūrus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. root dhar, to fix, confirm], hard.I.Lit.A.Orig. as affecting the sense of feeling:(α).et validi silices ac duri robora ferri,
Lucr. 2, 449; so,silex,
Verg. A. 6, 471:ferrum,
Hor. C. 3, 11, 31:cautes,
Verg. A. 4, 366; Ov. M. 4, 672:bipennes,
Hor. C. 4, 4, 57:ligones,
id. Epod. 5, 30:aratrum,
id. S. 1, 1, 28:compes,
id. Epod. 4, 4:pellis,
Lucr. 6, 1195; Verg. G. 3, 502:arva,
id. ib. 2, 341; cf.cutis,
Ov. M. 8, 805:alvus,
Cels. 6, 18, 9; Hor. S. 2, 4, 27: aqua, hard, i. e. containing much earthy matter, Cels. 2, 30 fin.; cf.muria,
saturated with salt, Col. 6, 30 fin.; 12, 6, 1 et saep., v. muria:dumeta,
i. e. rough, Ov. M. 1, 105 et saep.:gallina,
tough, not yet boiled tender, Hor. S. 2, 4, 18; cf.:fungi, qui in coquendo duriores fient,
Plin. 22, 23, 47, § 99 et saep.— Sup.:ladanum durissimum tactu,
Plin. 26, 8, 30, § 48; cf.:durissimus tophus vel carbunculus,
Col. 3, 11, 7 et saep.—As subst.: dūrum, i, n.E duro (sc. ligno), of the hardened wood of the vine, Col. 3, 6, 2; 3, 10, 15; 21 et saep.; cf. duramentum.—(β).Durum cacare, Mart. 3, 89, 2.—B.Transf.1.As affecting the sense of taste:2.vinum, opp. suavis,
hard, harsh, Pall. Oct. 14, 5; cf.:sapor Bacchi,
Verg. G. 4, 102:acetum,
Ser. Samm. 40 and 351.—As affecting the ear:II.vocis genera permulta:... grave acutum, flexibile durum,
Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 15 and 32.—Hence, in rhet., hard, rough (cf. asper, II.):aspera et dura et dissoluta et hians oratio,
Quint. 8, 6, 62:consonantes,
id. 11, 3, 35:syllabae,
id. 12, 10, 30:verba,
id. 8, 3, 32 sq.; cf. id. 1, 5, 72:compositio,
id. 9, 4, 142.Trop.A.Opp. to cultivated, rough, rulde, uncultivated:2.Q. Aelius Tubero ut vita sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus,
Cic. Brut. 31; cf.:(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores, et oratione et moribus,
id. Fin. 4, 28, 78; id. Mur. 29:Attilius poëta durissimus,
id. Att. 14, 20, 3:C. Marius, qui durior ad haec studia videbatur,
id. Arch. 9, 19; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 93; 8 prooem. § 26; Hor. S. 1, 4, 8 al.:pictor durus in coloribus,
Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 137; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 7: Fauni, gens duro robore nata, Verg. A. 8, 315; cf.:terrea progenies duris caput extulit arvis,
id. G. 2, 341; cf. also Stat. Th. 4, 276 sq.; Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 8.—But sometimes as a praiseworthy quality, opp. to soft, weakly, hardy, vigorous (esp. freq. in poets):B.fortes et duri Spartiatae,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 43; cf.:Ligures, durum in armis genus,
Liv. 27, 48:durum genus experiensque laborum,
hardy, Ov. M. 1, 414:unde homines nati, durum genus,
Verg. G. 1, 63 (cf. laas and laos, Pind. Ol. 9, 71):gens dura atque aspera cultu,
a hardy race, id. A. 5, 730:genus humanum durius, tellus quod dura creāsset,
Lucr. 5, 926:Dardanidae,
Verg. A. 3, 94:Hannibal,
Hor. C. 2, 12, 2:Iberia,
id. ib. 4, 14, 50:vindemiator,
id. S. 1, 7, 29; cf.:ilia messorum,
id. Epod. 3, 4:juvenci,
Ov. M. 3, 584 et saep. —Opp. to morally mild, gentle, harsh, rough, stern, unyielding, unfeeling, insensible, obstinate:C.quis se tam durum agrestemque praeberet, qui, etc.,
Cic. Or. 43, 148; cf.:quis nostrum animo tam agresti et duro fuit, ut? etc.,
id. Arch. 8:neque sunt audiendi, qui virtutem duram et quasi ferream esse quandam volunt,
id. Lael. 13 fin.;ingenio esse duro atque inexorabili,
Ter. Ph. 3, 2, 12:satis pater durus fui,
id. Heaut. 3, 1, 30; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 39; Cic. Cael. 16; Hor. S. 1, 2, 17:Varius qui est habitus judex durior,
Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62: cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:mala vel duri lacrimas motura Catonis,
Luc. 9, 50: duriorem se praebere alicujus miserae et afflictae fortunae, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13 A (cf. opp. at the end of the letter: se placabiliorem praebere):duri hominis vel potius vix hominis videtur, periculum capitis inferre multis,
Cic. Off. 2, 14, 50; Hor. C. 4, 1, 7:quid nos dura refugimus aetas?
id. ib. 1, 35, 34:ōs durum,
shameless, impudent, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 36 Ruhnk.; Cic. Quint. 24 fin.; Ov. M. 5, 451:cor,
Vulg. Sirach, 3, 27 et saep. Of the austerity of the Stoic mode of living, v. above, A.—Of things, hard, severe, toilsome; troublesome, burdensome, disagreeable; adverse, unfortunate:A.opulento homini hoc servitus dura est,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 12; so,servitus,
Cic. Rep. 1, 44; 2, 25; cf.lex,
Plaut. Merc. 4, 6, 1:condicio,
Cic. Rab. Post. 6 fin.:provincia,
Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 23; cf.partes,
id. Eun. 2, 3, 62; Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8 A:dolor,
Lucr. 3, 460:labor,
id. 5, 1272:subvectiones,
Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1:venatus,
Ov. M. 4, 307:dura cultu et aspera plaga,
Liv. 45, 30 fin.:durissimo tempore anni,
Caes. B. G. 7, 8, 2; cf. id. B. C. 3, 25, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 5 fin.:morbum acrem ac durum,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 119; cf.valetudo,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 88:dolores,
Verg. A. 5, 5:frigus,
Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 10:fames,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 6:pauperies,
id. C. 4, 9, 49:causa,
Lucr. 3, 485; Quint. 4, 1, 25; Hor. S. 1, 10, 26:nomen (opp. molle),
Cic. Off. 1, 12:verbum,
id. Brut. 79, 274:propositio,
Quint. 4, 5, 5 et saep.: De. Etiamne id lex coëgit? Ph. Illud durum, Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 8; so in the neutr. sing., Quint. 11, 1, 85; 12, 1, 36; Hor. S. 1, 9, 42 et saep.; cf.ellipt.: non vanae redeat sanguis imagini... Durum: sed levius fit patientia, etc.,
Hor. C. 1, 24, 19. In plur. subst.: dura, ōrum, n., hardships, difficulties:siccis omnia dura deus proposuit,
Hor. C. 1, 18, 3; id. Ep. 2, 1, 141; Sen. Oedip. 208; Verg. A. 8, 522:ego dura tuli,
Ov. M. 9, 544 al. (In fem. plur. ellipt., sc. partes, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 22 very dub.).— Comp.:hi, si quid erat durius, concurrebant,
if any unusual difficulty occurred, Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 6; 5, 29, 6; id. B. C. 3, 94, 6.— Adv. posit. in two forms: dūrĭter and dūre.(Acc. to 1. A.) Hardly:B.juga premunt duriter colla (boum),
Vitr. 10, 8.— Comp.:durius,
Vitr. 10, 15 fin. —(Acc. to II. A.-C.)1.Hardly, stiffly, awkwardly:b.membra moventes Duriter,
Lucr. 5, 1401:duriter,
Auct. Her. 4, 10, 15; Gell. 17, 10, 15:dure,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 66; Quint. 9, 4, 58; 10, 2, 19; Gell. 18, 11, 2.— Comp., Ov. R. Am. 337; Hor. S. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 8, 6, 24; 9, 4, 15; 117.—Hardily, rigorously, austerely:2.vitam parce ac duriter agebat,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 47; id. Ad. 1, 1, 20; Novius ap. Non. 512.—Harshly, roughly, sternly:3.quam tibi ex ore orationem duriter dictis dedit,
Enn. Trag. v. 348 Vahl.:duriter,
Afran. Com. v. 251 Rib.; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 28.— Comp., Cic. Lig. 6; id. Att. 1, 1, 4; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; Caes. B. C. 1, 22 fin.; Tac. Agr. 16; id. A. 3, 52; Sen. Ep. 8; Vulg. Gen. 42, 7.— Sup., Hadrian. in Dig. 47, 14, 1.— -
19 gradus
grădus, ūs (archaic gen. sing. graduis, Varr. ap. Non. 494, 17; dat. gradu, Lucil. ap. Fest. s. v. remeligines, p. 276 Müll.), m. [kindr. with Sanscr. kram, to go; v. gradior], a step, pace (cf.: gressus, passus, incessus).I.Lit.:B.ad hanc conversionem, quae pedibus et gradu non egeret, ingrediendi membra non dedit,
Cic. Univ. 6: quaenam vox ex te resonans meo gradu remoram facit? Lucil. l. l.: gradum proferre pedum, Enn. ap. Fest. S. V. PEDUM, p. 249, a Müll. (Trag. v. 248 Vahl.): quo nunc incerta re atque inorata gradum Regredere conare? id. ap. Non. 166, 23 (Trag. v. 12 Vahl.):gradum facere,
Cic. de Or. 2, 61, 249:tollere gradum,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 6:ad forum suspenso gradu placide ire perrexi,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 27:quieto et placido gradu sequi,
Phaedr. 2, 7, 6; cf., on the contrary: celeri gradu Eunt uterque,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 22:ut tu es gradibus grandibus,
id. Ep. 1, 1, 11:citato gradu in hostem ducere,
Liv. 28, 14, 17:concito gradu properare,
Phaedr. 3, 2, 11:gradum celerare,
to hasten, Verg. A. 4, 641: so,corripere,
Hor. C. 1, 3, 33:addere,
Liv. 26, 9, 5:sistere,
Verg. A. 6, 465:sustinere,
Ov. F. 6, 398:revocare,
Verg. A. 6, 128:referre,
Ov. F. 5, 502:vertere,
Stat. Th. 8, 138 et saep.:peditum aciem instructam pleno gradu in hostem inducit,
at full pace, at a quick step, Liv. 4, 32, 10; 34, 15, 3; 34, 16, 2; cf.: militari gradu viginti milia passuum horis quinque dumtaxat aestivis conficienda sunt;pleno autem gradu, qui citatior est, totidem horis XXIV. milia peragenda sunt,
Veg. 1, 9:modico gradu,
Liv. 30, 5, 3: presso gradu, = badên, with measured step, a moderate pace, id. 28, 14, 14:citato gradu,
id. 28, 14, 17; Trebon. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 16, 2: non gradu, sed praecipiti cursu a virtute descitum, ad vitia transcursum, step by step, = gradatim, Vell. 2, 1, 1:per gradus,
Ov. M. 2, 354.—Trop., a step, stage, degree:II.quem mortis timuit gradum,
pace, approach, Hor. C. 1, 3, 17:hunc quasi gradum quendam atque aditum ad cetera factum intelligitis,
Cic. Agr. 2, 15, 38; cf.:itaque majoribus nostris in Africam ex hac provincia gradus imperii factus est,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 3; Quint. 3, 6, 8; so,Crassus Licinius nec consul nec praetor ante fuerat, quam censor est factus: ex aedilitate gradum censuram fecit,
Liv. 27, 6, 17; 6, 35, 2 Drak.:hunc gradum mei reditus esse, quod mulieres revertissent,
a step towards my return, Cic. Att. 7, 23, 2; cf. Liv. 6, 42, 2:notitiam primosque gradus vicinia fecit: Tempore crevit amor,
Ov. M. 4, 59; cf. Prop. 1, 13, 8:cum consuleretur, quid sentiret, Non possum, inquit, tibi dicere: nescio enim quid de gradu faciat: tamquam de essedario interrogaretur,
i. e. of the Peripatetics, Sen. Ep. 29:etsi spondeus, quod est e longis duabus, hebetior videtur et tardior, habet tamen stabilem quendam et non expertem dignitatis gradum,
pace, Cic. Or. 64, 216.Transf.A.In milit. and gladiator's lang., station, position, ground taken by a combatant:2.obnisos vos (velim) stabili gradu impetum hostium excipere,
Liv. 6, 12, 8; cf. Tac. H. 2, 35:de gradu libero ac stabili conari,
Liv. 34, 39, 3:in suo quisque gradu obnixi, urgentes scutis, sine respiratione ac respectu pugnabant,
id. 8, 38, 11:inque gradu stetimus, certi non cedere,
Ov. M. 9, 43:hostes gradu demoti,
Liv. 6, 32, 8 Drak. N. cr.; for which:turbare ac statu movere,
id. 30, 18, 4.—Trop., a firm position or stand:B. 1.corda virum mansere gradu,
i. e. firm, steadfast, Sil. 16, 21:fortis et constantis est, non perturbari in rebus asperis, nec tumultuantem de gradu deici, ut dicitur,
to let one's self be disconcerted, Cic. Off. 1, 23, 80; cf.:dejectus de gradu,
id. Att. 16, 15, 3: motus gradu, Sen. Const. Sap. 19:gradu depulsus,
Nep. Them. 5, 1; cf.:nam si gradum, si caritatem filii apud te haberem,
Liv. 40, 9, 3.—Lit. (usu. in plur.): quemadmodum scalarum gradus si alios tollas, alios incidas, etc., Caecin. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 3:(β).haerent parietibus scalae, postesque sub ipsos Nituntur gradibus,
Verg. A. 2, 443:gradus templorum,
Cic. Att. 4, 1, 5:gradus ejusdem templi tollebantur,
id. Sest. 15, 34; cf.:aerea cui (templo) gradibus surgebant limina,
Verg. A. 1, 448; Vell. 2, 3, 1:pro Palatii gradibus,
Suet. Ner. 8; id. Vit. 15:praeceps per gradus ire,
id. Calig. 35:si gradibus trepidatur ab imis,
Juv. 3, 200.—Sing.:b.cum dextro pede primus gradus ascenditur,
Vitr. 3, 3.—Transf., of things that rise by steps.(α).In hair-dressing, a braid of hair:(β).caput in gradus atque anulos comptum,
Quint. 12, 10, 47:comam in gradus frangere,
id. 1, 6, 44; cf.:coma in gradus formata,
Suet. Ner. 51.—In econom. lang., a spit or such a depth of earth as can be dug at once with the spade, Col. 3, 13, 19; 4, 1, 3.—(γ).In math., a degree of a circle, Manil. 1, 579.—(δ).In veterin. lang., a wrinkle on the roof of a horse's mouth, Veg. Vet. 1, 2; 32; 4, 2.—2.Trop., a step, degree in tones, in age, relationship, rank, etc. (equally common in sing. and plur.):ille princeps variabit et mutabit, omnes sonorum tum intendens tum remittens persequetur gradus,
Cic. Or. 18, 59; cf. id. de Or. 3, 61, 227:ab ima ad summam (vocem) ac retro multi sunt gradus,
Quint. 11, 3, 15; cf. Vulg. Psa. 119 Tit. et saep.:Paulatim gradus aetatis scandere adultae,
Lucr. 2, 1123; cf.:quod tanta penuria est in omni vel honoris vel aetatis gradu, ut, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 3, 11, 3; so,aetatis,
Vell. 2, 36, 2; Quint. 3, 7, 15; Suet. Aug. 79; id. Tit. 3 al.:unus gradus et una progenies,
Lact. 2, 10, 10:nostri quoque sanguinis auctor Juppiter est, totidemque gradus distamus ab illo,
Ov. M. 13, 143; cf.:a matre Magnum Pompeium artissimo contingebat gradu,
Suet. Aug. 4; id. Ner. 2:qui (populus) te tam mature ad summum imperium per omnes honorum gradus extulit,
Cic. Cat. 1, 11, 28:gradus dignitatis,
id. Rep. 1, 27; cf. id. ib. 1, 27 fin.—Sing.:ex tam alto dignitatis gradu,
Cic. Lael. 3, 12 fin.:gradus altior, altissimus, amplissimus, dignitatis,
id. Clu. 55, 150; id. Phil. 1, 6, 14; id. Mur. 14, 30; cf. also id. ib. 27, 55:summum in praefectura florentissima gradum tenere et dignitatis et gratiae,
id. Planc. 13, 32:a senatorio gradu longe abesse,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 21, 61; cf.:ascendens gradibus magistratuum,
id. Brut. 81, 281.—Without gen.:etenim quis est civis praesertim hoc gradu, quo me vos esse voluistis, tam oblitus beneficii vestri, etc.,
id. Phil. 6, 7, 18; id. Ac. 2, 2, 6:omni gradu amplissimo dignissimus,
id. Fam. 6, 10, 2:gradus officiorum,
id. Off. 1, 45, 160:temporum servantur gradus,
id. Part. 4, 12: cf.:non iidem erunt necessitudinum gradus qui temporum,
id. Off. 1, 18, 59:gradus cognationis,
Dig. 38, 10, 1 sqq.:v. de gradibus,
Paul. Sent. 4, 11, 1 -8:agnationis,
Gai. Inst. 3, 10, 11:si plures eodem gradu sint agnati,
Ulp. Fragm. 26, 5: cognati ex transverso gradu usque ad quartum gradum, i. e. collateral kindred (opp. parentes et liberi), id. ib. 5, 6:gradus plures sunt societatis hominum,
id. ib. 1, 17, 53:peccatorum gradus,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 74, § 172:oratorum aetates et gradus,
id. Brut. 32, 122; cf.:gradus et dissimilitudines Atticorum,
id. ib. 82, 285:accendendi judicis plures sunt gradus,
Quint. 11, 3, 166; 6, 4, 67: nec gradus est ultra Fabios cognominis ullus;Illa domus meritis Maxima dicta suis,
Ov. F. 1, 605:si ita esset, quid opus erat te gradatim istuc pervenire?... A beatis ad virtutem, a virtute ad rationem video te venisse gradibus,
Cic. N. D. 1, 32, 89; cf.:omnes gradus virtutis implere,
Lact. 5, 14, 18; and:hi plerumque gradus,
Juv. 11, 46. -
20 initiales
I.Adj.:II.elementorum origo initialis,
App. M. 4, p. 156, 9:saeculorum progenies,
id. ib. 11, p. 259: controversiae status, Aggen. ap. Front. de Limit. p. 63 Goes.—Subst.: ĭnĭtĭāles, ium, m. plur., those who first assembled together in a collegium, Inscr. ap. Marin. Iscriz. Alb. p. 12.
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