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dūrus

  • 1 durus

    dūrus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. root dhar, to fix, confirm], hard.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    Orig. as affecting the sense of feeling:

    et validi silices ac duri robora ferri,

    Lucr. 2, 449; so,

    silex,

    Verg. A. 6, 471:

    ferrum,

    Hor. C. 3, 11, 31:

    cautes,

    Verg. A. 4, 366; Ov. M. 4, 672:

    bipennes,

    Hor. C. 4, 4, 57:

    ligones,

    id. Epod. 5, 30:

    aratrum,

    id. S. 1, 1, 28:

    compes,

    id. Epod. 4, 4:

    pellis,

    Lucr. 6, 1195; Verg. G. 3, 502:

    arva,

    id. ib. 2, 341; cf.

    cutis,

    Ov. M. 8, 805:

    alvus,

    Cels. 6, 18, 9; Hor. S. 2, 4, 27: aqua, hard, i. e. containing much earthy matter, Cels. 2, 30 fin.; cf.

    muria,

    saturated with salt, Col. 6, 30 fin.; 12, 6, 1 et saep., v. muria:

    dumeta,

    i. e. rough, Ov. M. 1, 105 et saep.:

    gallina,

    tough, not yet boiled tender, Hor. S. 2, 4, 18; cf.:

    fungi, qui in coquendo duriores fient,

    Plin. 22, 23, 47, § 99 et saep.— Sup.:

    ladanum durissimum tactu,

    Plin. 26, 8, 30, § 48; cf.:

    durissimus tophus vel carbunculus,

    Col. 3, 11, 7 et saep.—As subst.: dūrum, i, n.
    (α).
    E duro (sc. ligno), of the hardened wood of the vine, Col. 3, 6, 2; 3, 10, 15; 21 et saep.; cf. duramentum.—
    (β).
    Durum cacare, Mart. 3, 89, 2.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    As affecting the sense of taste:

    vinum, opp. suavis,

    hard, harsh, Pall. Oct. 14, 5; cf.:

    sapor Bacchi,

    Verg. G. 4, 102:

    acetum,

    Ser. Samm. 40 and 351.—
    2.
    As affecting the ear:

    vocis genera permulta:... grave acutum, flexibile durum,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 15 and 32.—Hence, in rhet., hard, rough (cf. asper, II.):

    aspera et dura et dissoluta et hians oratio,

    Quint. 8, 6, 62:

    consonantes,

    id. 11, 3, 35:

    syllabae,

    id. 12, 10, 30:

    verba,

    id. 8, 3, 32 sq.; cf. id. 1, 5, 72:

    compositio,

    id. 9, 4, 142.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    Opp. to cultivated, rough, rulde, uncultivated:

    Q. Aelius Tubero ut vita sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus,

    Cic. Brut. 31; cf.:

    (Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores, et oratione et moribus,

    id. Fin. 4, 28, 78; id. Mur. 29:

    Attilius poëta durissimus,

    id. Att. 14, 20, 3:

    C. Marius, qui durior ad haec studia videbatur,

    id. Arch. 9, 19; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 93; 8 prooem. § 26; Hor. S. 1, 4, 8 al.:

    pictor durus in coloribus,

    Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 137; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 7: Fauni, gens duro robore nata, Verg. A. 8, 315; cf.:

    terrea progenies duris caput extulit arvis,

    id. G. 2, 341; cf. also Stat. Th. 4, 276 sq.; Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 8.—
    2.
    But sometimes as a praiseworthy quality, opp. to soft, weakly, hardy, vigorous (esp. freq. in poets):

    fortes et duri Spartiatae,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 43; cf.:

    Ligures, durum in armis genus,

    Liv. 27, 48:

    durum genus experiensque laborum,

    hardy, Ov. M. 1, 414:

    unde homines nati, durum genus,

    Verg. G. 1, 63 (cf. laas and laos, Pind. Ol. 9, 71):

    gens dura atque aspera cultu,

    a hardy race, id. A. 5, 730:

    genus humanum durius, tellus quod dura creāsset,

    Lucr. 5, 926:

    Dardanidae,

    Verg. A. 3, 94:

    Hannibal,

    Hor. C. 2, 12, 2:

    Iberia,

    id. ib. 4, 14, 50:

    vindemiator,

    id. S. 1, 7, 29; cf.:

    ilia messorum,

    id. Epod. 3, 4:

    juvenci,

    Ov. M. 3, 584 et saep. —
    B.
    Opp. to morally mild, gentle, harsh, rough, stern, unyielding, unfeeling, insensible, obstinate:

    quis se tam durum agrestemque praeberet, qui, etc.,

    Cic. Or. 43, 148; cf.:

    quis nostrum animo tam agresti et duro fuit, ut? etc.,

    id. Arch. 8:

    neque sunt audiendi, qui virtutem duram et quasi ferream esse quandam volunt,

    id. Lael. 13 fin.;

    ingenio esse duro atque inexorabili,

    Ter. Ph. 3, 2, 12:

    satis pater durus fui,

    id. Heaut. 3, 1, 30; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 39; Cic. Cael. 16; Hor. S. 1, 2, 17:

    Varius qui est habitus judex durior,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62: cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:

    mala vel duri lacrimas motura Catonis,

    Luc. 9, 50: duriorem se praebere alicujus miserae et afflictae fortunae, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13 A (cf. opp. at the end of the letter: se placabiliorem praebere):

    duri hominis vel potius vix hominis videtur, periculum capitis inferre multis,

    Cic. Off. 2, 14, 50; Hor. C. 4, 1, 7:

    quid nos dura refugimus aetas?

    id. ib. 1, 35, 34:

    ōs durum,

    shameless, impudent, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 36 Ruhnk.; Cic. Quint. 24 fin.; Ov. M. 5, 451:

    cor,

    Vulg. Sirach, 3, 27 et saep. Of the austerity of the Stoic mode of living, v. above, A.—
    C.
    Of things, hard, severe, toilsome; troublesome, burdensome, disagreeable; adverse, unfortunate:

    opulento homini hoc servitus dura est,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 12; so,

    servitus,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 44; 2, 25; cf.

    lex,

    Plaut. Merc. 4, 6, 1:

    condicio,

    Cic. Rab. Post. 6 fin.:

    provincia,

    Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 23; cf.

    partes,

    id. Eun. 2, 3, 62; Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8 A:

    dolor,

    Lucr. 3, 460:

    labor,

    id. 5, 1272:

    subvectiones,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1:

    venatus,

    Ov. M. 4, 307:

    dura cultu et aspera plaga,

    Liv. 45, 30 fin.:

    durissimo tempore anni,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 8, 2; cf. id. B. C. 3, 25, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 5 fin.:

    morbum acrem ac durum,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 119; cf.

    valetudo,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 88:

    dolores,

    Verg. A. 5, 5:

    frigus,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 10:

    fames,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 6:

    pauperies,

    id. C. 4, 9, 49:

    causa,

    Lucr. 3, 485; Quint. 4, 1, 25; Hor. S. 1, 10, 26:

    nomen (opp. molle),

    Cic. Off. 1, 12:

    verbum,

    id. Brut. 79, 274:

    propositio,

    Quint. 4, 5, 5 et saep.: De. Etiamne id lex coëgit? Ph. Illud durum, Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 8; so in the neutr. sing., Quint. 11, 1, 85; 12, 1, 36; Hor. S. 1, 9, 42 et saep.; cf.

    ellipt.: non vanae redeat sanguis imagini... Durum: sed levius fit patientia, etc.,

    Hor. C. 1, 24, 19. In plur. subst.: dura, ōrum, n., hardships, difficulties:

    siccis omnia dura deus proposuit,

    Hor. C. 1, 18, 3; id. Ep. 2, 1, 141; Sen. Oedip. 208; Verg. A. 8, 522:

    ego dura tuli,

    Ov. M. 9, 544 al. (In fem. plur. ellipt., sc. partes, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 22 very dub.).— Comp.:

    hi, si quid erat durius, concurrebant,

    if any unusual difficulty occurred, Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 6; 5, 29, 6; id. B. C. 3, 94, 6.— Adv. posit. in two forms: dūrĭter and dūre.
    A.
    (Acc. to 1. A.) Hardly:

    juga premunt duriter colla (boum),

    Vitr. 10, 8.— Comp.:

    durius,

    Vitr. 10, 15 fin. —
    B.
    (Acc. to II. A.-C.)
    1.
    Hardly, stiffly, awkwardly:

    membra moventes Duriter,

    Lucr. 5, 1401:

    duriter,

    Auct. Her. 4, 10, 15; Gell. 17, 10, 15:

    dure,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 66; Quint. 9, 4, 58; 10, 2, 19; Gell. 18, 11, 2.— Comp., Ov. R. Am. 337; Hor. S. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 8, 6, 24; 9, 4, 15; 117.—
    b.
    Hardily, rigorously, austerely:

    vitam parce ac duriter agebat,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 47; id. Ad. 1, 1, 20; Novius ap. Non. 512.—
    2.
    Harshly, roughly, sternly:

    quam tibi ex ore orationem duriter dictis dedit,

    Enn. Trag. v. 348 Vahl.:

    duriter,

    Afran. Com. v. 251 Rib.; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 28.— Comp., Cic. Lig. 6; id. Att. 1, 1, 4; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; Caes. B. C. 1, 22 fin.; Tac. Agr. 16; id. A. 3, 52; Sen. Ep. 8; Vulg. Gen. 42, 7.— Sup., Hadrian. in Dig. 47, 14, 1.—
    3.
    Hardly, unfavorably, unfortunately:

    durius cadentibus rebus,

    Suet. Tib. 14 fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > durus

  • 2 dūrus

        dūrus adj.    with comp. and sup, hard (to the touch): silex, V.: ferrum, H.: bipennes, H.: cutis, O.: corpus, impenetrable, O.: dumeta, i. e. rough, O.: gallina, tough, H.—As subst n.: nil extra est in nuce duri, no shell, H.—Hard, harsh, of a taste: sapor Bacchi, V. — Of a sound, C. — Fig., rough, rude, uncultivated: oratione et moribus: poëta durissimus: durior ad haec studia: virtus, Ta.: gens duro robore nata, V.: componere versūs, H. — Hardy, vigorous, rough: Spartiatae: in armis genus, L.: vindemiator, H.: ilia messorum, H.: iuvenci, O. — Harsh, rough, stern, unyielding, unfeeling, pitiless, insensible, obstinate: pater, T.: se durum agrestemque praebere: durior Diogenes: iudex durior: duri hominis vel potius vix hominis videtur: nos dura aetas, H.: ōs, shameless, impudent, T.: ore durissimo esse: ferrum, cruel, V.: aures, V.: flectere (me) Mollibus Iam durum imperiis, H.—Of things, hard, severe, toilsome, oppressive, distressing, burdensome, adverse: provincia, T.: fortuna: hiemps: venatus, O.: durissimo tempore anni, inclement, Cs.: valetudo, H.: dolores, V.: iter, V.: proelia, V.: Durum: sed levius fit patientiā, etc., H.: hi, si quid erat durius, concurrebant, a difficulty, Cs.: si nihil esset durius, Cs.— Plur n. as subst, hardships, difficulties: Siccis omnia dura deus proposuit, H.: multa, V.: ego dura tuli, O.
    * * *
    dura -um, durior -or -us, durissimus -a -um ADJ
    hard, stern; harsh, rough, vigorous; cruel, unfeeling, inflexible; durable

    Latin-English dictionary > dūrus

  • 3 duruş

    n. posture, position, pose, stand, stance, attitude, carriage, hang, poise, port
    * * *
    1. stance 2. posture (n.) 3. pause (n.)

    Turkish-English dictionary > duruş

  • 4 durus

    hard, harsh, tough, strong,enduring, / rough, rude, uncouth.

    Latin-English dictionary of medieval > durus

  • 5 duruş

    "position, pose, posture, attitude; cessation, halt"

    İngilizce Sözlük Türkçe > duruş

  • 6 duruş

    1. rest, stop. 2. posture.

    Saja Türkçe - İngilizce Sözlük > duruş

  • 7 duruş apısı

    angle of repose

    Turkish-English dictionary > duruş apısı

  • 8 duruş açısı

    angle of repose

    İngilizce Sözlük Türkçe > duruş açısı

  • 9 ē - dūrus

        ē - dūrus adj.,     very hard: pirus, V. — Fig., cruel: Os, O.

    Latin-English dictionary > ē - dūrus

  • 10 prae-dūrus

        prae-dūrus adj.,    very hard, hardened: corium, Ta.—Very strong: homo viribus, V.: corpora, V.: tempora, O.

    Latin-English dictionary > prae-dūrus

  • 11 sapo durus

    m.
    sapo durus.

    Spanish-English dictionary > sapo durus

  • 12 ayakta dik duruş pozisyonu

    1. erect position 2. upright position

    Turkish-English dictionary > ayakta dik duruş pozisyonu

  • 13 derinde transvers duruş

    deep transverse arrest

    Turkish-English dictionary > derinde transvers duruş

  • 14 kısa duruş

    short stop

    Turkish-English dictionary > kısa duruş

  • 15 eskrimde dördüncü duruş

    n. quart

    Turkish-English dictionary > eskrimde dördüncü duruş

  • 16 esas duruş

    attention

    İngilizce Sözlük Türkçe > esas duruş

  • 17 dura

    dūrus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. root dhar, to fix, confirm], hard.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    Orig. as affecting the sense of feeling:

    et validi silices ac duri robora ferri,

    Lucr. 2, 449; so,

    silex,

    Verg. A. 6, 471:

    ferrum,

    Hor. C. 3, 11, 31:

    cautes,

    Verg. A. 4, 366; Ov. M. 4, 672:

    bipennes,

    Hor. C. 4, 4, 57:

    ligones,

    id. Epod. 5, 30:

    aratrum,

    id. S. 1, 1, 28:

    compes,

    id. Epod. 4, 4:

    pellis,

    Lucr. 6, 1195; Verg. G. 3, 502:

    arva,

    id. ib. 2, 341; cf.

    cutis,

    Ov. M. 8, 805:

    alvus,

    Cels. 6, 18, 9; Hor. S. 2, 4, 27: aqua, hard, i. e. containing much earthy matter, Cels. 2, 30 fin.; cf.

    muria,

    saturated with salt, Col. 6, 30 fin.; 12, 6, 1 et saep., v. muria:

    dumeta,

    i. e. rough, Ov. M. 1, 105 et saep.:

    gallina,

    tough, not yet boiled tender, Hor. S. 2, 4, 18; cf.:

    fungi, qui in coquendo duriores fient,

    Plin. 22, 23, 47, § 99 et saep.— Sup.:

    ladanum durissimum tactu,

    Plin. 26, 8, 30, § 48; cf.:

    durissimus tophus vel carbunculus,

    Col. 3, 11, 7 et saep.—As subst.: dūrum, i, n.
    (α).
    E duro (sc. ligno), of the hardened wood of the vine, Col. 3, 6, 2; 3, 10, 15; 21 et saep.; cf. duramentum.—
    (β).
    Durum cacare, Mart. 3, 89, 2.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    As affecting the sense of taste:

    vinum, opp. suavis,

    hard, harsh, Pall. Oct. 14, 5; cf.:

    sapor Bacchi,

    Verg. G. 4, 102:

    acetum,

    Ser. Samm. 40 and 351.—
    2.
    As affecting the ear:

    vocis genera permulta:... grave acutum, flexibile durum,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 15 and 32.—Hence, in rhet., hard, rough (cf. asper, II.):

    aspera et dura et dissoluta et hians oratio,

    Quint. 8, 6, 62:

    consonantes,

    id. 11, 3, 35:

    syllabae,

    id. 12, 10, 30:

    verba,

    id. 8, 3, 32 sq.; cf. id. 1, 5, 72:

    compositio,

    id. 9, 4, 142.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    Opp. to cultivated, rough, rulde, uncultivated:

    Q. Aelius Tubero ut vita sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus,

    Cic. Brut. 31; cf.:

    (Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores, et oratione et moribus,

    id. Fin. 4, 28, 78; id. Mur. 29:

    Attilius poëta durissimus,

    id. Att. 14, 20, 3:

    C. Marius, qui durior ad haec studia videbatur,

    id. Arch. 9, 19; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 93; 8 prooem. § 26; Hor. S. 1, 4, 8 al.:

    pictor durus in coloribus,

    Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 137; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 7: Fauni, gens duro robore nata, Verg. A. 8, 315; cf.:

    terrea progenies duris caput extulit arvis,

    id. G. 2, 341; cf. also Stat. Th. 4, 276 sq.; Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 8.—
    2.
    But sometimes as a praiseworthy quality, opp. to soft, weakly, hardy, vigorous (esp. freq. in poets):

    fortes et duri Spartiatae,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 43; cf.:

    Ligures, durum in armis genus,

    Liv. 27, 48:

    durum genus experiensque laborum,

    hardy, Ov. M. 1, 414:

    unde homines nati, durum genus,

    Verg. G. 1, 63 (cf. laas and laos, Pind. Ol. 9, 71):

    gens dura atque aspera cultu,

    a hardy race, id. A. 5, 730:

    genus humanum durius, tellus quod dura creāsset,

    Lucr. 5, 926:

    Dardanidae,

    Verg. A. 3, 94:

    Hannibal,

    Hor. C. 2, 12, 2:

    Iberia,

    id. ib. 4, 14, 50:

    vindemiator,

    id. S. 1, 7, 29; cf.:

    ilia messorum,

    id. Epod. 3, 4:

    juvenci,

    Ov. M. 3, 584 et saep. —
    B.
    Opp. to morally mild, gentle, harsh, rough, stern, unyielding, unfeeling, insensible, obstinate:

    quis se tam durum agrestemque praeberet, qui, etc.,

    Cic. Or. 43, 148; cf.:

    quis nostrum animo tam agresti et duro fuit, ut? etc.,

    id. Arch. 8:

    neque sunt audiendi, qui virtutem duram et quasi ferream esse quandam volunt,

    id. Lael. 13 fin.;

    ingenio esse duro atque inexorabili,

    Ter. Ph. 3, 2, 12:

    satis pater durus fui,

    id. Heaut. 3, 1, 30; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 39; Cic. Cael. 16; Hor. S. 1, 2, 17:

    Varius qui est habitus judex durior,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62: cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:

    mala vel duri lacrimas motura Catonis,

    Luc. 9, 50: duriorem se praebere alicujus miserae et afflictae fortunae, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13 A (cf. opp. at the end of the letter: se placabiliorem praebere):

    duri hominis vel potius vix hominis videtur, periculum capitis inferre multis,

    Cic. Off. 2, 14, 50; Hor. C. 4, 1, 7:

    quid nos dura refugimus aetas?

    id. ib. 1, 35, 34:

    ōs durum,

    shameless, impudent, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 36 Ruhnk.; Cic. Quint. 24 fin.; Ov. M. 5, 451:

    cor,

    Vulg. Sirach, 3, 27 et saep. Of the austerity of the Stoic mode of living, v. above, A.—
    C.
    Of things, hard, severe, toilsome; troublesome, burdensome, disagreeable; adverse, unfortunate:

    opulento homini hoc servitus dura est,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 12; so,

    servitus,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 44; 2, 25; cf.

    lex,

    Plaut. Merc. 4, 6, 1:

    condicio,

    Cic. Rab. Post. 6 fin.:

    provincia,

    Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 23; cf.

    partes,

    id. Eun. 2, 3, 62; Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8 A:

    dolor,

    Lucr. 3, 460:

    labor,

    id. 5, 1272:

    subvectiones,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1:

    venatus,

    Ov. M. 4, 307:

    dura cultu et aspera plaga,

    Liv. 45, 30 fin.:

    durissimo tempore anni,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 8, 2; cf. id. B. C. 3, 25, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 5 fin.:

    morbum acrem ac durum,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 119; cf.

    valetudo,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 88:

    dolores,

    Verg. A. 5, 5:

    frigus,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 10:

    fames,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 6:

    pauperies,

    id. C. 4, 9, 49:

    causa,

    Lucr. 3, 485; Quint. 4, 1, 25; Hor. S. 1, 10, 26:

    nomen (opp. molle),

    Cic. Off. 1, 12:

    verbum,

    id. Brut. 79, 274:

    propositio,

    Quint. 4, 5, 5 et saep.: De. Etiamne id lex coëgit? Ph. Illud durum, Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 8; so in the neutr. sing., Quint. 11, 1, 85; 12, 1, 36; Hor. S. 1, 9, 42 et saep.; cf.

    ellipt.: non vanae redeat sanguis imagini... Durum: sed levius fit patientia, etc.,

    Hor. C. 1, 24, 19. In plur. subst.: dura, ōrum, n., hardships, difficulties:

    siccis omnia dura deus proposuit,

    Hor. C. 1, 18, 3; id. Ep. 2, 1, 141; Sen. Oedip. 208; Verg. A. 8, 522:

    ego dura tuli,

    Ov. M. 9, 544 al. (In fem. plur. ellipt., sc. partes, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 22 very dub.).— Comp.:

    hi, si quid erat durius, concurrebant,

    if any unusual difficulty occurred, Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 6; 5, 29, 6; id. B. C. 3, 94, 6.— Adv. posit. in two forms: dūrĭter and dūre.
    A.
    (Acc. to 1. A.) Hardly:

    juga premunt duriter colla (boum),

    Vitr. 10, 8.— Comp.:

    durius,

    Vitr. 10, 15 fin. —
    B.
    (Acc. to II. A.-C.)
    1.
    Hardly, stiffly, awkwardly:

    membra moventes Duriter,

    Lucr. 5, 1401:

    duriter,

    Auct. Her. 4, 10, 15; Gell. 17, 10, 15:

    dure,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 66; Quint. 9, 4, 58; 10, 2, 19; Gell. 18, 11, 2.— Comp., Ov. R. Am. 337; Hor. S. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 8, 6, 24; 9, 4, 15; 117.—
    b.
    Hardily, rigorously, austerely:

    vitam parce ac duriter agebat,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 47; id. Ad. 1, 1, 20; Novius ap. Non. 512.—
    2.
    Harshly, roughly, sternly:

    quam tibi ex ore orationem duriter dictis dedit,

    Enn. Trag. v. 348 Vahl.:

    duriter,

    Afran. Com. v. 251 Rib.; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 28.— Comp., Cic. Lig. 6; id. Att. 1, 1, 4; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; Caes. B. C. 1, 22 fin.; Tac. Agr. 16; id. A. 3, 52; Sen. Ep. 8; Vulg. Gen. 42, 7.— Sup., Hadrian. in Dig. 47, 14, 1.—
    3.
    Hardly, unfavorably, unfortunately:

    durius cadentibus rebus,

    Suet. Tib. 14 fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > dura

  • 18 durum

    dūrus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. root dhar, to fix, confirm], hard.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    Orig. as affecting the sense of feeling:

    et validi silices ac duri robora ferri,

    Lucr. 2, 449; so,

    silex,

    Verg. A. 6, 471:

    ferrum,

    Hor. C. 3, 11, 31:

    cautes,

    Verg. A. 4, 366; Ov. M. 4, 672:

    bipennes,

    Hor. C. 4, 4, 57:

    ligones,

    id. Epod. 5, 30:

    aratrum,

    id. S. 1, 1, 28:

    compes,

    id. Epod. 4, 4:

    pellis,

    Lucr. 6, 1195; Verg. G. 3, 502:

    arva,

    id. ib. 2, 341; cf.

    cutis,

    Ov. M. 8, 805:

    alvus,

    Cels. 6, 18, 9; Hor. S. 2, 4, 27: aqua, hard, i. e. containing much earthy matter, Cels. 2, 30 fin.; cf.

    muria,

    saturated with salt, Col. 6, 30 fin.; 12, 6, 1 et saep., v. muria:

    dumeta,

    i. e. rough, Ov. M. 1, 105 et saep.:

    gallina,

    tough, not yet boiled tender, Hor. S. 2, 4, 18; cf.:

    fungi, qui in coquendo duriores fient,

    Plin. 22, 23, 47, § 99 et saep.— Sup.:

    ladanum durissimum tactu,

    Plin. 26, 8, 30, § 48; cf.:

    durissimus tophus vel carbunculus,

    Col. 3, 11, 7 et saep.—As subst.: dūrum, i, n.
    (α).
    E duro (sc. ligno), of the hardened wood of the vine, Col. 3, 6, 2; 3, 10, 15; 21 et saep.; cf. duramentum.—
    (β).
    Durum cacare, Mart. 3, 89, 2.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    As affecting the sense of taste:

    vinum, opp. suavis,

    hard, harsh, Pall. Oct. 14, 5; cf.:

    sapor Bacchi,

    Verg. G. 4, 102:

    acetum,

    Ser. Samm. 40 and 351.—
    2.
    As affecting the ear:

    vocis genera permulta:... grave acutum, flexibile durum,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 15 and 32.—Hence, in rhet., hard, rough (cf. asper, II.):

    aspera et dura et dissoluta et hians oratio,

    Quint. 8, 6, 62:

    consonantes,

    id. 11, 3, 35:

    syllabae,

    id. 12, 10, 30:

    verba,

    id. 8, 3, 32 sq.; cf. id. 1, 5, 72:

    compositio,

    id. 9, 4, 142.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    Opp. to cultivated, rough, rulde, uncultivated:

    Q. Aelius Tubero ut vita sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus,

    Cic. Brut. 31; cf.:

    (Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores, et oratione et moribus,

    id. Fin. 4, 28, 78; id. Mur. 29:

    Attilius poëta durissimus,

    id. Att. 14, 20, 3:

    C. Marius, qui durior ad haec studia videbatur,

    id. Arch. 9, 19; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 93; 8 prooem. § 26; Hor. S. 1, 4, 8 al.:

    pictor durus in coloribus,

    Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 137; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 7: Fauni, gens duro robore nata, Verg. A. 8, 315; cf.:

    terrea progenies duris caput extulit arvis,

    id. G. 2, 341; cf. also Stat. Th. 4, 276 sq.; Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 8.—
    2.
    But sometimes as a praiseworthy quality, opp. to soft, weakly, hardy, vigorous (esp. freq. in poets):

    fortes et duri Spartiatae,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 43; cf.:

    Ligures, durum in armis genus,

    Liv. 27, 48:

    durum genus experiensque laborum,

    hardy, Ov. M. 1, 414:

    unde homines nati, durum genus,

    Verg. G. 1, 63 (cf. laas and laos, Pind. Ol. 9, 71):

    gens dura atque aspera cultu,

    a hardy race, id. A. 5, 730:

    genus humanum durius, tellus quod dura creāsset,

    Lucr. 5, 926:

    Dardanidae,

    Verg. A. 3, 94:

    Hannibal,

    Hor. C. 2, 12, 2:

    Iberia,

    id. ib. 4, 14, 50:

    vindemiator,

    id. S. 1, 7, 29; cf.:

    ilia messorum,

    id. Epod. 3, 4:

    juvenci,

    Ov. M. 3, 584 et saep. —
    B.
    Opp. to morally mild, gentle, harsh, rough, stern, unyielding, unfeeling, insensible, obstinate:

    quis se tam durum agrestemque praeberet, qui, etc.,

    Cic. Or. 43, 148; cf.:

    quis nostrum animo tam agresti et duro fuit, ut? etc.,

    id. Arch. 8:

    neque sunt audiendi, qui virtutem duram et quasi ferream esse quandam volunt,

    id. Lael. 13 fin.;

    ingenio esse duro atque inexorabili,

    Ter. Ph. 3, 2, 12:

    satis pater durus fui,

    id. Heaut. 3, 1, 30; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 39; Cic. Cael. 16; Hor. S. 1, 2, 17:

    Varius qui est habitus judex durior,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62: cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:

    mala vel duri lacrimas motura Catonis,

    Luc. 9, 50: duriorem se praebere alicujus miserae et afflictae fortunae, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13 A (cf. opp. at the end of the letter: se placabiliorem praebere):

    duri hominis vel potius vix hominis videtur, periculum capitis inferre multis,

    Cic. Off. 2, 14, 50; Hor. C. 4, 1, 7:

    quid nos dura refugimus aetas?

    id. ib. 1, 35, 34:

    ōs durum,

    shameless, impudent, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 36 Ruhnk.; Cic. Quint. 24 fin.; Ov. M. 5, 451:

    cor,

    Vulg. Sirach, 3, 27 et saep. Of the austerity of the Stoic mode of living, v. above, A.—
    C.
    Of things, hard, severe, toilsome; troublesome, burdensome, disagreeable; adverse, unfortunate:

    opulento homini hoc servitus dura est,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 12; so,

    servitus,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 44; 2, 25; cf.

    lex,

    Plaut. Merc. 4, 6, 1:

    condicio,

    Cic. Rab. Post. 6 fin.:

    provincia,

    Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 23; cf.

    partes,

    id. Eun. 2, 3, 62; Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8 A:

    dolor,

    Lucr. 3, 460:

    labor,

    id. 5, 1272:

    subvectiones,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1:

    venatus,

    Ov. M. 4, 307:

    dura cultu et aspera plaga,

    Liv. 45, 30 fin.:

    durissimo tempore anni,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 8, 2; cf. id. B. C. 3, 25, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 5 fin.:

    morbum acrem ac durum,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 119; cf.

    valetudo,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 88:

    dolores,

    Verg. A. 5, 5:

    frigus,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 10:

    fames,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 6:

    pauperies,

    id. C. 4, 9, 49:

    causa,

    Lucr. 3, 485; Quint. 4, 1, 25; Hor. S. 1, 10, 26:

    nomen (opp. molle),

    Cic. Off. 1, 12:

    verbum,

    id. Brut. 79, 274:

    propositio,

    Quint. 4, 5, 5 et saep.: De. Etiamne id lex coëgit? Ph. Illud durum, Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 8; so in the neutr. sing., Quint. 11, 1, 85; 12, 1, 36; Hor. S. 1, 9, 42 et saep.; cf.

    ellipt.: non vanae redeat sanguis imagini... Durum: sed levius fit patientia, etc.,

    Hor. C. 1, 24, 19. In plur. subst.: dura, ōrum, n., hardships, difficulties:

    siccis omnia dura deus proposuit,

    Hor. C. 1, 18, 3; id. Ep. 2, 1, 141; Sen. Oedip. 208; Verg. A. 8, 522:

    ego dura tuli,

    Ov. M. 9, 544 al. (In fem. plur. ellipt., sc. partes, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 22 very dub.).— Comp.:

    hi, si quid erat durius, concurrebant,

    if any unusual difficulty occurred, Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 6; 5, 29, 6; id. B. C. 3, 94, 6.— Adv. posit. in two forms: dūrĭter and dūre.
    A.
    (Acc. to 1. A.) Hardly:

    juga premunt duriter colla (boum),

    Vitr. 10, 8.— Comp.:

    durius,

    Vitr. 10, 15 fin. —
    B.
    (Acc. to II. A.-C.)
    1.
    Hardly, stiffly, awkwardly:

    membra moventes Duriter,

    Lucr. 5, 1401:

    duriter,

    Auct. Her. 4, 10, 15; Gell. 17, 10, 15:

    dure,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 66; Quint. 9, 4, 58; 10, 2, 19; Gell. 18, 11, 2.— Comp., Ov. R. Am. 337; Hor. S. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 8, 6, 24; 9, 4, 15; 117.—
    b.
    Hardily, rigorously, austerely:

    vitam parce ac duriter agebat,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 47; id. Ad. 1, 1, 20; Novius ap. Non. 512.—
    2.
    Harshly, roughly, sternly:

    quam tibi ex ore orationem duriter dictis dedit,

    Enn. Trag. v. 348 Vahl.:

    duriter,

    Afran. Com. v. 251 Rib.; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 28.— Comp., Cic. Lig. 6; id. Att. 1, 1, 4; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; Caes. B. C. 1, 22 fin.; Tac. Agr. 16; id. A. 3, 52; Sen. Ep. 8; Vulg. Gen. 42, 7.— Sup., Hadrian. in Dig. 47, 14, 1.—
    3.
    Hardly, unfavorably, unfortunately:

    durius cadentibus rebus,

    Suet. Tib. 14 fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > durum

  • 19 duritia

    dūrĭtĭa, ae (also rarely dūrĭtĭes, Cels. 3, 24; 6, 18, 6 al.; acc.: duritiem, * Lucr. 4. 268; Cat. 66, 50; Ov. M. 1, 401; 4, 751; id. H. 4, 85 Jahn. N. cr.; abl.:

    duritie,

    Plin. Pan. 82, 6; Suet. Ner. 34), f. [durus], hardness.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    saxi,

    Lucr. 4, 269; cf. Ov. M. 1, 401;

    and 4, 751: ferri,

    Cat. 66, 50:

    adamantina,

    Plin. 37, 11, 73, § 189:

    lactis coacti,

    id. 23, 7, 64, § 126:

    pellis,

    Ov. M. 3, 64 sq. et saep.—
    B.
    Esp., in medic. lang., induration:

    praecordiorum,

    Cels. 3, 24:

    alvi,

    Suet. Ner. 34:

    vulvarum,

    Plin. 28, 19, 77, § 250 al. —In the plur., Plin. 23, 4, 40, § 82 sq.; 28, 15, 60, § 212; 25, 5, 22, § 55; 28, 17, 70, § 234 al.—
    2.
    Of wine, hardness, harsh flavor, opp. suavitas, Plin. 14, 7, 9, § 74.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    (Acc. to durus, II. A.) A severe mode of life, rigor, austerity: in parsimonia atque in duritia atque industria omnem adolescentiam meam abstinui, agro colendo, etc., Cato ap. Fest. S. V. REPASTINARI, p. 281, 23 Müll.; Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 75; id. Truc. 2, 2, 56; * Caes. B. G. 6, 21, 3; Cic. Tusc. 5, 26, 74; id. Part. 23, 81; Sall. J. 100, 5; Tac. A. 6, 34; Plin. Pan. 82, 6 al.; cf.

    transf.: qui patientiam et duritiam in Socratico sermone maxime adamārat,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 17. —
    2.
    Absence of feeling, insensibility:

    eam animi duritiam, sicut corporis, quod cum uritur non sentit, etc.,

    Cic. Dom. 36, 97; cf. id. ib. 38, 101:

    duritiā ferrum ut superes adamantaque,

    Ov. H. 2, 137;

    so in eccl. Lat. freq. cordis,

    Vulg. Matt. 19, 8; and duritia alone:

    populi,

    id. Deut. 9, 27.—
    B.
    (Acc. to durus, II.) Harshness, strictness, rigor: tua duritia antiqua, * Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 26; Prop. 3, 12, 20 (4, 11, 20 M.).— Poet.:

    duritiae mihi non agerere reus,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 8, 46; cf.:

    oris, qui depudere didicerat,

    Sen. Const. Sap. 17.—
    C.
    (Acc. to durus, II. B.) Hardness, oppressiveness, severity:

    duritia lenitasve multarum (legum),

    Suet. Claud. 14; so,

    imperii,

    Tac. H. 1, 23:

    operum,

    id. A. 1, 35; cf.:

    caeli militiaeque,

    id. ib. 13, 35.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > duritia

  • 20 duro

    dūro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n. [durus], to make hard, to harden (mostly ante-class. and post-Aug.; not in Cic.).
    I.
    Lit.
    (α).
    Act.:

    quae nobis durata ac spissa videntur, Haec, etc.,

    Lucr. 2, 444; so in the part. perf.:

    coria (with condurare ferrum),

    id. 6, 970; cf.

    cutis,

    Ov. M. 4, 577:

    caementa calce (opp. interlita luto),

    Liv. 21, 11:

    ova in aqua,

    Plin. 29, 3, 11, § 45:

    pontus frigore,

    Ov. P. 4, 9, 85:

    nives solo,

    Hor. C. 3, 24, 39:

    aqua salibus,

    i. e. strongly saturated, Col. 7, 4 fin., v. durus, I.:

    ungulas (mularum),

    id. 6, 37, 11:

    ferrum ictibus,

    Plin. 34, 15, 43, § 149:

    guttas in grana,

    id. 12, 19, 42, § 94:

    uvam fumo,

    i. e. to dry, preserve, Hor. S. 2, 4, 72.—In medic. lang.: corpus, i. e. to bind, make costive, opp. mollire, Cels. 2, 14; cf. id. 2, 33 fin. —In fullers' lang., to harden, stiffen or full cloth: Art. Non queo durare. Par. Si non didicisti fulloniam, non mirandumst, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 57 (with a punning reference to the meaning II. A. 2.).—
    (β).
    Neutr.:

    tum durare solum et discludere Nerea ponto Coeperit, i. q. durescere,

    Verg. E. 6, 35; so,

    vino minime durante, uva maxime,

    Plin. 14, 3, 4, § 37.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    (Acc. to durus, II. A. 2.).
    1.
    Act., to harden with use or labor, etc.; to make hardy or callous, to inure (class.):

    opere in duro membra manusque,

    Lucr. 5, 1359; cf.:

    membra animumque,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 119:

    umeros ad vulnera,

    Verg. G. 3, 257: hoc se labore durant homines adolescentes, * Caes. B. G. 6, 28, 3; cf.:

    exercitum crebris expeditionibus, patientiaque periculorum,

    Vell. 2, 78, 2:

    cor,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 6; cf.

    mentem,

    Tac. A. 3, 15 al.:

    ab duratis usu armorum pulsi,

    Liv. 7, 29; so in the part., id. 23, 18; 30, 28:

    durati bellis,

    id. 42, 52:

    vitia durantur,

    grow inveterate, Quint. 1, 1, 37.—
    2.
    Neutr. (so most freq.), to be hardened, inured to troubles, i. e. to be patient, to wait, persevere; to endure, hold out:

    durare nequeo in aedibus,

    Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 1; cf. id. Men. 5, 2, 31; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 15; Liv. 5, 2, 7; 38, 7 fin.; Quint. 11, 3, 23; Verg. A. 9, 604; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 82 al.; cf. impers., Liv. 10, 46:

    durate et vosmet rebus servate secundis,

    Verg. A. 1, 207; cf. Suet. Calig. 45; Auct. ap. Quint. 9, 2, 91; Ov. Am. 3, 11, 27 al.:

    nequeo durare, quin, etc.,

    Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 22:

    durare nequeo quin intro eam,

    id. Mil. 4, 6, 34; Suet. Claud. 26.—
    (β).
    With acc., to bear, endure ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    patior quemvis durare laborem,

    Verg. A. 8, 577:

    quascumque vias,

    Stat. S. 5, 2, 153;

    and of inanimate subjects: sine funibus Vix durare carinae Possunt imperiosius Aequor,

    Hor. C. 1, 14, 7; cf.:

    (vitis genus) quod siccitatem durat et ventos,

    Pall. Febr. 9, 1.—
    (γ).
    With inf.:

    non quis parumper durare opperier,

    Plaut. Truc. 2, 3, 5.—
    b.
    In gen., to hold out, to continue in existence, to last, remain (very freq.): Ar. Ubi illaec (talenta) quae dedi ante? Cl. Abusa. Num si ea durarent mihi, [p. 621] etc., Plaut. As. 1, 3, 44:

    uti quam diutissime durent oleae,

    Cato R. R. 58; 104; Varr. R. R. 1, 59, 3:

    omnem durare per aevom,

    Lucr. 3, 605; cf. id. 3, 812; Verg. G. 2, 100; Suet. Calig. 6 al.:

    neque post mortem durare videtur (corpus),

    Lucr. 3, 339; cf. ib. 561:

    ad posteros virtus durabit,

    Quint. 3, 1, 21; cf. id. 1, 11, 18; 3, 1, 9; 5, 11, 41:

    maneat quaeso duretque gentibus, si non amor nostri, at certe odium sui,

    Tac. G. 33:

    durante originis vi,

    id. Agr. 11; cf. Petr. 96, 3:

    durante bello,

    Tac. A. 14, 39; so with adhuc, Suet. Gramm. 24; cf.:

    munera, quibus donatus est, durant, ostendunturque adhuc Bais,

    are still in existence, id. Tib. 6 et saep.—With inf.:

    ut vivere durent,

    Luc. 4, 519; so Sil. 10, 653; 11, 75; Petr. 41, 2.—In Tacitus sometimes of persons, for vivere, to live:

    narratum ab iis, qui nostram ad juventam duraverunt,

    Tac. A. 3, 16; id. Or. 17; id. Agr. 44. And once in the same author (acc. to the better reading) of extension in space: durant colles (= continuantur, ultra porriguntur; French, s'y prolongent), extend continuously to the frontier, Germ. 30.—
    B.
    (Acc. to durus, II. B.)
    1.
    Act., to render hard, callous, insensible; to dull, to blunt (rare and perh. not ante-Aug.):

    aerea dehinc ferro (Juppiter) duravit saecula,

    Hor. Epod. 16, 65:

    ad plagas durari,

    Quint. 1, 3, 14 (cf. §

    12: quae in pravam induruerunt): ad omne facinus durato,

    Tac. H. 4, 59.—Of the affections, Vulg. Job, 39, 16.— Pass.:

    linguae vitia, inemendabili in posterum pravitate durantur,

    to become confirmed, incurable, Quint. 1, 1, 37.—
    2.
    Neutr., to be hard, stern, callous, insensible (rare and not ante-Aug.):

    ut non durat (pater) ultra poenam abdicationis,

    Quint. 9, 2, 88:

    in nullius umquam suorum necem duravit,

    Tac. A. 1, 6; Petr. 105 fin.; cf.:

    usque ad caedem ejus duratura filii odia,

    Tac. A. 14, 1 fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > duro

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