-
1 poids
poids [pwα]1. masculine nouna. weight2. compounds► poids lourd ( = boxeur) heavyweight ; ( = camion) heavy goods vehicle ; ( = entreprise) big name (inf)► poids à vide [de véhicule] tare* * *pwɑnom masculin invariable1) Physique weight2) ( importance) (de personne, pays, parti, d'électorat) influence; ( de paroles) weightil ne fait pas le poids devant un adversaire aussi redoutable — he's no match for such a formidable opponent
3) ( fardeau) lit weight; fig burden4) (pour peser, lester) weight5) ( en athlétisme) shot•Phrasal Verbs:••avoir or faire deux poids deux mesures — to have double standards
* * *pwɒ nm1) (= force exercée par un corps) weightIl a pris du poids. — He's put on weight.
Elle a perdu du poids. — She's lost weight.
2) fig, [années, responsabilités] weight3) SPORT (= épreuve) shot put* * *1 Phys weight; vaciller sous le poids de qch to stagger under the weight of sth; peser de tout son poids contre/sur qch to put all one's weight against/on sth; vendre au poids to sell by the weight; surveiller son poids to watch one's weight; prendre/perdre du poids to put on/lose weight; elle a pris un peu de poids she's put on a bit of weight; peser son poids to be very heavy; et voici deux kilos d'orange, bon poids! here's two good kilos of oranges for you!;2 ( importance) ( de personne) influence, stature; (de pays, parti, d'électorat) influence; (de paroles, mots, d'arguments) weight; le poids de l'État dans l'économie the influence of the state in the economy; argument de poids weighty argument; donner du poids à ses arguments to give ou lend weight to one's arguments; personne de poids person who carries a lot of weight; adversaire de poids opponent to be reckoned with; il n'y a aucune personnalité de poids pour la remplacer there's nobody of sufficient stature to replace her; il n'a aucun poids politique he hasn't got any political stature; peser de tout son poids dans la balance politique to carry great weight in the political balance; il ne fait pas le poids devant un adversaire aussi redoutable he's no match for ou he's out of his league against such a formidable opponent; je ne crois pas qu'il fera le poids à ce poste I don't think he's up to this job, I think this job is out of his league;3 ( fardeau) lit weight; fig burden; un poids de 200 kg a 200 kg weight; il est capable de soulever des poids énormes he can lift a terrific weight; le poids des ans/du passé/des habitudes the burden of the years/of the past/of habit; le poids des impôts the tax burden; être un poids pour qn to be a burden on sb;4 ( gêne) weight; vous m'ôtez un poids de la conscience you've taken a weight off my mind; avoir un poids sur la conscience to have a guilty conscience; avoir un poids sur la poitrine to feel as though there's a weight (pressing down) on one's chest;6 ( en athlétisme) shot; lancer le poids to put the shot; le lancer du poids the shot put; lanceur de poids shot-putter;7 ( pièce de mécanisme) weight; remonter les poids d'une horloge to wind up the weights in a clock; équilibrer les poids d'une bascule to balance the weights of a set of scales.poids atomique atomic weight; poids brut gross weight; poids coq Sport bantamweight; poids et haltères Sport weightlifting ¢; faire des poids et haltères to do weightlifting; un champion de poids et haltères a champion weightlifter; poids léger Sport lightweight; poids lourd Sport heavyweight; Transp heavy goods vehicle GB, heavy truck; poids mi-lourd Sport light heavyweight; poids mi-moyen Sport welterweight; poids moléculaire molecular weight; poids mort Tech dead weight, dead load; fig dead weight, drag○; poids mouche Sport flyweight; poids moyen Sport middleweight; poids net Ind net weight; poids net égoutt é Ind net weight drained; poids plume Sport featherweight; poids spécifique specific gravity; poids superléger Sport light middleweight; poids total en charge, PTC Transp gross weight; poids total à vide, PTAV Transp tare; poids volumique = poids spécifique; poids welter Sport welterweight.faire bon poids bonne mesure to be evenhanded; avoir or faire deux poids deux mesures [personne, institution, gouvernement] to have double standards; cette réglementation fait deux poids deux mesures these regulations show evidence of double standards.[pwa] nom masculinprendre/perdre du poids to gain/to lose weightreprendre du poids to put weight back on ou on againpoids brut/net gross/net weightpoids à vide unladen weight, tareil ne fait pas le poids face aux spécialistes he's no match for ou not in the same league as the experts2. [objet - généralement, d'une horloge] weight3. SPORT[lancer] shotputting, shot[instrument] shot[catégorie en boxe][aux courses] weight————————au poids locution adverbiale[vendre] by weight————————de poids locution adjectivale[alibi, argument] weightysous le poids de locution prépositionnelle1. [sous la masse de] under the weight of————————poids lourd nom masculin2. → link=poidspoids (sens 3)————————poids mort nom masculin -
2 produit
produit [pʀɔdyi]masculine noun• le produit de la collecte sera donné à une bonne œuvre the proceeds from the collection will be given to charity* * *pʀɔdɥinom masculin1) ( article) productdes produits — gén goods, products; Agriculture produce [U]
produits agricoles — agricultural ou farm produce [U]
le produit de la vente — the proceeds (pl) of the sale
3) ( résultat) ( de recherche) result; (d'activité, état, de hasard) productc'est un pur produit des médias — he's/she's a media creation
4) Biologie, Chimie, Physique product5) Mathématique product•Phrasal Verbs:* * *pʀɔdɥi, it produit, -e1. ppSee:2. nm(= résultat) productC'est un pur produit de la société de consommation. — He's an archetypal product of the consumer society.
* * *produit nm1 ( article) product; des produits gén goods, products; Agric produce ¢; produit végétal/alimentaire/surgelé/pharmaceutique vegetable/food/frozen/pharmaceutical product; produits alimentaires foodstuffs; produits agricoles agricultural ou farm produce; produits laitiers/pétroliers dairy/petroleum products;2 Fin ( revenu) income; ( bénéfice) profit; vivre du produit de son travail to live on the income from one's work; vivre du produit de sa terre to live off the land; vivre du produit de ses investissements to live on the income from one's investments; vivre du produit de ses biens to live on the income from one's property; le produit de la vente the proceeds (pl) of the sale;3 ( résultat) ( de recherche) result; (d 'activité, état, de hasard) product; c'est le produit de ton imagination it's a figment of your imagination; c'est un pur produit des médias he's/she's a media creation; c'est un pur produit des années 90 he's/she's very much a product of the 90s;4 Biol, Chimie, Phys product; un produit chimique a chemical; produit de combustion product of combustion; produit de décomposition product of decomposition; produit de substitution product of substitution; produit de fission/fissile fission/fissile product;5 Math product; le produit de deux nombres the product of two numbers.produit d'assurance insurance product; produit de base ( aliment) staple food; produit de beauté beauty product; produit chimique chemical; produit de consommation courante consumer product; produit de contraste Méd contrast medium; produit dérivé by-product; produit d'entretien cleaning product, household product; produit d'épargne savings product; produit financier financial product; produit fini finished product; produit intérieur brut, PIB gross domestic product, GDP; produit de luxe luxury product; produit manufacturé manufactured product; produit de marque Comm branded article; produit national brut, PNB gross national product, GNP; produit de substitution substitute.[prɔdyi] nom masculinproduit brut/fini raw/finished productproduits de grande consommation ou de consommation courante consumer goodsproduits alimentaires food, foodstuffsles produits de beauté cosmetics, beauty productsproduits de luxe luxury goods ou articlesproduits pharmaceutiques drugs, pharmaceuticals, pharmaceutical productsle produit d'une matinée de travail the result ou product of a morning's work3. [bénéfice] profit4. FINANCE5. ÉCONOMIE -
3 état
état [eta]1. masculine nouna. [de personne] state• en état d'ivresse or d'ébriété under the influence of alcohol• il ne faut pas te mettre des états pareils ! you mustn't get yourself into such a stateb. [d'objet, article d'occasion] condition• en bon/mauvais état in good/bad conditionc. [de chose abstraite, substance] state• état liquide/solide liquid/solid statee. ( = registre, comptes) statement ; ( = inventaire) inventoryf. (locutions) faire état de [+ ses services] to instance ; [+ craintes, intentions] to state ; [+ conversation, rumeur] to report2. compounds• (le bureau de) l'état civil the registry office (Brit), the Public Records Office (US) ► état de crise state of crisis* * *etanom masculin1) ( nation) state, State2) ( gouvernement) state, government3) ( territoire autonome) state•Phrasal Verbs:* * *eta nmPOLITIQUE state* * *A nm1 ( condition physique) condition; l'état du malade s'améliore the patient's condition is improving; être dans un état stationnaire to be in a stable condition; en bon état général in good overall condition; être en état de faire qch to be in a fit state to do sth; ne pas être en état de faire, être hors d'état de faire to be in no condition ou in no fit state to do; mettre qn hors d'état de faire qch to render sb incapable of doing sth; mettre qn hors d'état de nuire ( légalement) to put sb out of harm's way; ( physiquement) to incapacitate sb; leur état de santé est excellent their (state of) health is excellent; être dans un triste état○/en piteux état○ to be in a sorry/pitiful state; tu es dans un bel état! iron you're in a fine state!;2 ( condition psychique) state; être dans un état d'inquiétude terrible to be in a terrible state of anxiety; être dans un état d'énervement extrême to be in a state of extreme irritation; elle n'est pas en état de le revoir she's in no state to see him again; je suis hors d'état de réfléchir I'm incapable of thinking, I'm in no state to think; être dans un drôle d'état○ to be in a hell of a state○; ne pas être dans son état normal not to be oneself; ne te mets pas dans des états pareils! don't get into such a state!, don't get so worked up○!; être dans un état second to be in a trance;3 (de voiture, livre, tapis) condition; l'état de conservation d'un livre the condition of a book; l'état des routes ( conditions climatiques) road conditions; ( qualité) the state of the roads; en bon/mauvais état [maison, cœur, foie] in good/poor condition; avoir les dents en mauvais état to have bad teeth; l'état de délabrement d'une maison the dilapidated state of a house; l'état de conservation d'une momie égyptienne the state of preservation of an Egyptian mummy; vérifier l'état de qch to check sth; mettre/maintenir qch en état to put/keep sth in working order; hors d'état de marche [voiture] off the road, not running; [appareil] out of order; remettre qch en état to mend ou repair sth; remettre une maison en état to do up a house; la remise en état d'un réseau routier/de voiture the repair of a road network/car; vous devez rendre la maison en l'état lors de votre départ you must leave the house as you found it; les choses sont restées en l'état depuis leur départ nothing has been changed since they left; j'ai laissé les choses en l'état I left everything as it was; à l'état brut [huile, pétrole] in its raw state; [action, idée] in its initial stages; un temple à l'état de ruines a temple in a state of ruin; voiture/bicyclette/ordinateur à l'état neuf car/bicycle/computer as good as new; beauté à l'état pur unadulterated beauty; une voiture en état de rouler a roadworthy car; un bateau en état de naviguer a seaworthy ship;4 (d'affaires, économie, de finances, pays) state; l'état de l'environnement/d'une entreprise the state of the environment/a company; le pays est dans un état critique the country is in a critical state; cet état de choses ne peut plus durer this state of affairs can't go on; dans l'état actuel des choses in the present state of affairs; dans l'état actuel de la recherche médicale in the present state of medical research; l'état de tension entre le gouvernement et l'opposition the state of tension in relations between the government and the opposition; ce n'est encore qu'à l'état de projet it's still only at the planning stage;5 Sci ( de corps) state; les états de la matière the states of matter; l'état solide/liquide/gazeux the solid/liquid/gaseous state; un corps à l'état liquide/de vapeur a body in the liquid/vapourGB state; à l'état naissant [gaz] nascent; à l'état pur [élément, héroïne] in its pure state;6 ( situation sociale) state; ( métier)† trade; être boulanger de son état to be a baker by trade; ruiné, il se rappelle son ancien état now that he is bankrupt, he remembers how things used to be; choisir l'état ecclésiastique to choose holy orders; être satisfait/mécontent de son état to be satisfied/unhappy with one's lot;7 Sociol l'état civilisé the civilized state; naissance d'un nouvel état social birth of a new social order; des tribus qui vivent encore à l'état sauvage tribes still living in a primitive state;8 Compta statement; état de frais statement of expenses; état des comptes financial statements; état financier financial statement; état des ventes d'un magasin a shop's GB ou store's US sales statement;9 Jur ( statut) status; état d'épouse/d'enfant légitime/de parent status of a spouse/legitimate child/parent;10 Hist ( catégorie sociale) estate; la notion de classe a remplacé celle d'état the concept of class replaced that of estate.B faire état de loc verbale1 ( arguer) to cite [document, texte, théorie, loi]; faire état du témoignage/de l'opinion de qn pour étayer une thèse to cite sb's testimony/opinion in support of a thesis;2 ( mentionner) to mention [conversation, entretien, découverte]; ne faites pas état de cette conversation don't mention this conversation; la presse a fait état de leur conversation the press reported their conversation;4 ( se prévaloir de) to make a point of mentioning [succès, courage]; j'ai fait état de mes diplômes pour obtenir le travail I made a point of mentioning my diplomas to get the job; ils ont fait état des services qu'ils nous ont rendus they made a point of mentioning the things they had done for us in the past.état d'alerte Mil state of alert; en état d'alerte on the alert; état d'âme ( scrupule) qualm; ( sentiment) feeling; ne pas avoir d'états d'âme to have no qualms; état de choc Méd, Psych state of shock; en état de choc in a state of shock; état de choses state of affairs; état civil Admin registry office GB; ( de personne) civil status; état de conscience Psych state of consciousness; état de crise Pol, Sociol state of crisis; état d'esprit state ou frame of mind; état de fait fact; les états généraux Hist the Estates General; état de grâce Relig state of grace; en état de grâce lit in a state of grace; fig inspired; état de guerre state of war; état des lieux Jur inventory and statement of state of repair; fig appraisal; faire l'état des lieux to draw up an inventory and statement of state of repair; état de nature Sociol the state of nature; à l'état de nature in the state of nature; état de rêve dream state; état de santé state of health; état de siège state of siege; états de service service record; état d'urgence state of emergency; état de veille waking state; ⇒ tiers.être/se mettre dans tous ses états○ to be in/to get into a state○; il se met dans tous ses états pour un rien he gets all worked up○ ou he gets into a state over nothing; être réduit à l'état de loque/d'esclave to be reduced to a wreck/treated as a slave.[eta] nom masculinA.[MANIÈRE D'ÊTRE PHYSIQUE]te voilà dans un triste état! you're in a sorry ou sad state!a. [drogué] to be highb. [en transe] to be in a tranceen état de: être en état d'ivresse ou d'ébriété to be under the influence (of alcohol), to be inebriatedêtre hors d'état de, ne pas être en état de to be in no condition to ou totally unfit toa. [préventivement] to make somebody harmlessb. [après coup] to neutralize somebodyétat de santé (state of) health, conditionêtre en bon/mauvais étata. [meuble, route, véhicule] to be in good/poor conditionb. [bâtiment] to be in a good/bad state of repairc. [colis, marchandises] to be undamaged/damagedvendu à l'état neuf [dans petites annonces] as newréduit à l'état de cendres/poussière reduced to ashes/a powderquand tu seras de nouveau en état de marche (familier & humoristique) when you're back on your feet again ou back in circulationa. [appartement] to renovate, to refurbishb. [véhicule] to repairc. [pièce de moteur] to reconditionmaintenir quelque chose en état [bâtiment, bateau, voiture] to keep something in good repair3. [situation particulière - d'un développement, d'une technique] statedans l'état actuel des choses as things stand at the moment, in the present state of affairs(en) état d'alerte/d'urgence (in a) state of alarm/emergency4. CHIMIE & PHYSIQUEétat gazeux/liquide/solide gaseous/liquid/solid stateà l'état brut [pétrole] crude, unrefined, rawà l'état pur [gemme, métal] pure5. LINGUISTIQUEB.[MANIÈRE D'ÊTRE MORALE, PSYCHOLOGIQUE] stateelle n'est pas dans son état normal she's not her normal ou usual selfa. [à une personne inquiète, déprimée] don't worry!b. [à une personne énervée] don't get so worked up!état d'esprit state ou frame of minda. [d'anxiété] to be beside oneself with anxietyb. [de colère] to be beside oneself (with anger)se mettre dans tous ses états [en colère] to go off the deep end, to go spareC.[CONDITION SOCIALE]3. HISTOIREles États généraux the States ou Estates GeneralD.[DOCUMENT COMPTABLE OU LÉGAL][inventaire] inventoryl'état des dépenses/des recettes statement of expenses/takingsétat appréciatif evaluation, estimationb. [professionnellement] professional recorddresser ou faire un état des lieux2. (locution)a. [sondage, témoignages, thèse] to put forward (separable)b. [document] to refer toc. [fait] to mentiond. [soucis] to mentionétat d'âme nom masculin————————état de grâce nom masculinA consultative assembly of representatives from the three estates of the Ancien Régime: clergy, nobility and the Third Estate, or commoners. It met for the last time in May 1789 in the Jeu de Paume in Versailles, where the Third Estate vowed not to disperse until they had established a constitution. -
4 fluo
flŭo, xi, xum, 3 (archaic form of the sup.: FLUCTUM, acc. to Prisc. p. 817 P.; cf.: fluo, fluctum, Not. Tir. From this form are derived fluctio and fluctus. In Lucr. 6, 800, the correct read. is laveris, not flueris, v. Lachm. ad h. l.), v. n. [Gr. phlu-, phlusai, anaphluô, etc.; Lat. fleo, fletus; flumen, fluctus, etc.; orig. one root with fla-, to blow, q. v. and cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 302], to flow (cf.: mano, labor, etc.).I.Lit.: per amoenam urbem leni fluit agmine flumen, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 4 (Ann. v. 177 ed. Vahl.); cf.:B.ut flumina in contrarias partes fluxerint,
Cic. Div. 1, 35, 78:flumen quod inter eum et Domitii castra fluebat,
Caes. B. C. 3, 37, 1; cf.also: aurea tum dicat per terras flumina vulgo Fluxisse,
Lucr. 5, 911:fluvius Eurotas, qui propter Lacedaemonem fluit,
Cic. Inv. 2, 31, 96:Helvetiorum inter fines et Allobrogum Rhodanus fluit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6, 2:Arar in utram partem fluat,
id. ib. 1, 12, 1:ea, quae natura fluerent atque manarent, ut aqua,
Cic. N. D. 1, 15, 39: fluens unda, water from a stream (opp.: putealis unda, spring-water), Col. 1, 5, 1:in foveam,
Lucr. 2, 475; cf. id. 5, 271:fluxit in terram Remi cruor,
Hor. Epod. 7, 19; cf. Luc. 6, 61:imber,
Ov. P. 4, 4, 2:sanguis,
id. M. 12, 312:fluit de corpore sudor,
id. ib. 9, 173; cf.:sudor fluit undique rivis,
Verg. A. 5, 200:aes rivis,
id. ib. 8, 445:nudo sub pede musta fluunt,
Ov. R. Am. 190:madidis fluit unda capillis,
drips, id. M. 11, 656:cerebrum molle fluit,
id. ib. 12, 435:fluunt lacrimae more perennis aquae,
id. F. 2, 820:fluens nausea,
Hor. Epod. 9, 35; cf.:alvus fluens,
Cels. 2, 6:fluit ignibus aurum,
becomes fluid, melts, Ov. M. 2, 251.—Transf.1.Of bodies, to flow, overflow, run down, drip with any fluid.— With abl.:2.cum fluvius Atratus sanguine fluxit,
Cic. Div. 1, 43, 98; Ov. M. 8, 400:cruore fluens,
id. ib. 7, 343:sudore fluentia brachia,
id. ib. 9, 57; cf.:fluunt sudore et lassitudine membra,
Liv. 38, 17, 7; 7, 33, 14; cf. id. 10, 28, 4:pingui fluit unguine tellus,
Val. Fl. 6, 360:vilisque rubenti Fluxit mulctra mero,
overflows, Sil. 7, 190. —Without abl.:madidāque fluens in veste Menoetes,
Verg. A. 5, 179:fluentes cerussataeque buccae,
dripping with paint, Cic. Pis. 11, 25 (cf. Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266, 2. b. infra):Graeculae vites acinorum exiguitate minus fluunt,
i. e. yield but little wine, Col. 3, 2, 24; 3, 2, 5; 12, 52, 1.—With acc. of kin. signif.:Oenotria vina fluens,
Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 264.—To move in the manner of fluids, to flow, stream, pour:b.inde alium (aëra) supra fluere,
to flow, Lucr. 5, 514 and 522:unde fluens volvat varius se fluctus odorum,
id. 4, 675 sq.; cf.:principio omnibus a rebus, quascumque videmus, Perpetuo fluere ac mitti spargique necesse est Corpora, quae feriant oculos visumque lacessant: Perpetuoque fluunt certis ab rebus odores, Frigus ut a fluviis, calor a sole, aestus ab undis Aequoris,
id. 6, 922 sq.:aestus e lapide,
id. 6, 1002:venti,
id. 1, 280:fluit undique victor Mulciber,
Sil. 17, 102:comae per levia colla fluentes,
flowing, spreading, Prop. 2, 3, 13; cf.:blanditiaeque fluant per mea colla rosae,
id. 4 (5), 6, 72:vestis fluens,
flowing, loose, id. 3, 17 (4, 16), 32:tunicisque fluentibus,
Ov. A. A. 3, 301:nodoque sinus collecta fluentes,
Verg. A. 1, 320; cf.also: balteus nec strangulet nec fluat,
Quint. 11, 3, 140:nec mersa est pelago, nec fluit ulla ratis,
floats, is tossed about, Mart. 4, 66, 14:ramos compesce fluentes,
floating around, spreading out, Verg. G. 2, 370:ad terram fluit devexo pondere cervix,
droops, id. ib. 3, 524:omnisque relictis Turba fluit castris,
pour forth, id. A. 12, 444:olli fluunt ad regia tecta,
id. ib. 11, 236;so of a multitude or crowd of men: densatis ordinibus effuse fluentem in se aciem excepere,
Curt. 6, 1, 6.—Pregn., of bodies, to pass away, fall away, to fall off or out, to vanish:II.excident gladii, fluent arma de manibus,
Cic. Phil. 12, 3, 8:capilli fluunt,
Cels. 6, 1; Plin. 27, 4, 5, § 17:sponte fluent (poma) matura suā,
Ov. Am. 2, 14, 25:quasi longinquo fluere omnia cernimus aevo,
Lucr. 2, 69; cf.:cuncta fluunt omnisque vagans formatur imago,
Ov. M. 15, 178: dissolvuntur enim tum demum membra fluuntque, Lucr. 4, 919:surae fluxere,
Luc. 9, 770:buccae fluentes,
fallen in, lank, Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266.Trop.A.In gen., to flow, spring, arise, come forth; to go, proceed:B.ex ejus (Nestoris) lingua melle dulcior fluebat oratio,
Cic. de Sen. 10, 31:carmen vena pauperiore fluit,
Ov. Pont. 4, 2, 20:Calidii oratio ita libere fluebat, ut nusquam adhaeresceret,
Cic. Brut. 79, 274:in Herodoto omnia leniter fluunt,
Quint. 9, 4, 18; cf.also: grammatice pleno jam satis alveo fluit,
id. 2, 1, 4:quae totis viribus fluit oratio,
id. 9, 4, 7:oratio ferri debet ac fluere,
id. 9, 4, 112.— Transf., of the writer himself:alter (Herodotus) sine ullis salebris quasi sedatus amnis fluit,
Cic. Or. 12, 39; cf.:(Lucilius) cum flueret lutulentus,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 11; 1, 10, 50; 1, 7, 28:facetiis,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 12:multa ab ea (luna) manant et fluunt, quibus animantes alantur augescantque,
Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 50:haec omnia ex eodem fonte fluxerunt,
id. ib. 3, 19, 48:dicendi facultatem ex intimis sapientiae fontibus fluere,
Quint. 12, 2, 6; 5, 10, 19; 5, 9, 14:omnia ex natura rerum hominumque fluere,
id. 6, 2, 13:nomen ex Graeco fluxisse,
id. 3, 4, 12:ab isto capite fluere necesse est omnem rationem bonorum et malorum,
Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 34; Quint. 1, 1, 12:unde id quoque vitium fluit,
id. 11, 3, 109; 7, 3, 33:Pythagorae doctrina cum longe lateque flueret,
spread itself, Cic. Tusc. 4, 1, 2:multum fluxisse video de libris nostris variumque sermonem,
id. N. D. 1, 3, 6:sic mihi tarda fluunt ingrataque tempora,
flow, pass, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 23:in rebus prosperis et ad voluntatem nostram fluentibus,
going, Cic. Off. 1, 26, 90: rebus supra votum fluentibus, Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 2, 169 (Hist. 1, 101 Dietsch); Tac. H. 3, 48; Just. 23, 3; cf.:rebus prospere fluentibus,
succeeding, prospering, Tac. Or. 5; id. A. 15, 5: illius rationes quorsum fluant, proceed, Attic. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 4; cf.:res fluit ad interregnum,
Cic. Att. 4, 16, 11;cuncta in Mithridatem fluxere,
Tac. A. 11, 9.—In partic.1.Of speech, etc., to flow uniformly, be monotonous:1.efficiendum est ne fluat oratio, ne vagetur, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 3, 49, 190:quod species ipsa carminum docet, non impetu et instinctu nec ore uno fluens,
Tac. A. 14, 16; cf. Cic. Brut. 79.—Pregn., to dissolve, vanish, perish:qua (voluptate) cum liquescimus fluimusque mollitia,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 22, 52:fluens mollitiis,
Vell. 1, 6, 2; 2, 88, 2:cetera nasci, occidere, fluere, labi, nec diutius esse uno et eodem statu,
Cic. Or. 3, 10:fluit voluptas corporis et prima quaeque avolat,
id. Fin. 2, 32, 106:fluentem procumbentemque rem publicam populi Romani restituere,
Vell. 2, 16 fin. —Hence,fluens, entis, P. a.A.Lax, relaxed, debauched, enervated, effeminate:B.inde soluti ac fluentes non accipiunt e scholis mala ista, sed in scholas afferunt,
Quint. 1, 2, 8:Campani fluentes luxu,
Liv. 7, 29, 5:incessu ipso ultra muliebrem mollitiem fluentes,
Sen. Tranq. 15:fluentibus membris, incessu femineo,
Aug. Civ. D. 7, 26.—Of speech,1.Flowing, fluent:2.sed in his tracta quaedam et fluens expetitur, non haec contorta et acris oratio,
Cic. Or. 20, 66:lenis et fluens contextus,
Quint. 9, 4, 127.—Lax, unrestrained:2.ne immoderata aut angusta aut dissoluta aut fluens sit oratio,
Cic. Or. 58, 198:dissipata et inculta et fluens oratio,
id. ib. 65, 220;and transf. of the speaker: in locis ac descriptionibus fusi ac fluentes sumus,
Quint. 9, 4, 138.— Adv.: flŭenter, in a flowing, waving manner (very rare):res quaeque fluenter fertur,
Lucr. 6, 935 (but not ib. 520, where the correct read. is cientur;v. Lachm.): capillo fluenter undante,
App. M. 2, p. 122, 7. —fluxus, a, um, P. a. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose).A.Lit., flowing, fluid:2.elementa arida atque fluxa, App. de Mundo: sucus,
Plin. 9, 38, 62, § 133:vas fluxum pertusumque,
i. e. leaking, Lucr. 6, 20.—Transf., flowing, loose, slack:(β).ipsa crine fluxo thyrsum quatiens,
Tac. A. 11, 31:habena,
Liv. 38, 29, 6:amictus,
Luc. 2, 362; cf.:ut cingeretur fluxiore cinctura,
Suet. Caes. 45 fin.:fluxa arma,
hanging slack, loose, Tac. H. 2, 99.—Pregn., frail, perishable, weak:B.corpora,
Tac. H. 2, 32; cf.:spadone eviratior fluxo,
Mart. 5, 41, 1:(murorum) aevo fluxa,
Tac. H. 2, 22. —Trop.1.Lax, loose, dissolute, careless:2.animi molles et aetate fluxi dolis haud difficulter capiebantur,
Sall. C. 14, 5: cf.:animi fluxioris esse,
Suet. Tib. 52:duces noctu dieque fluxi,
Tac. H. 3, 76:spectaculum non enerve nec fluxum,
Plin. Pan. 33, 1:fluxa atque aperta securitas,
Gell. 4, 20, 8.—Pregn., frail, weak, fleeting, transient, perishable:res nostrae ut in secundis fluxae, ut in adversis bonae,
decayed, impaired, disordered, Cic. Att. 4, 2, 1: hujus belli fortuna, ut in secundis, fluxa;ut in adversis, bona,
id. ad Brut. 1, 10, 2:res humanae fluxae et mobiles,
Sall. J. 104, 2:divitiarum et formae gloria fluxa atque fragilis est,
id. C. 1, 4; cf.:instabile et fluxum,
Tac. A. 13, 19:fluxa auctoritas,
id. H. 1, 21:cave fidem fluxam geras,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 79:fides,
Sall. J. 111, 2; Liv. 40, 50, 5; cf.:fluxa et vana fides,
unreliable, unstable, id. 28, 6, 11; Tac. H. 2, 75; 4, 23:studia inania et fluxa,
id. A. 3, 50 fin.:fluxa senio mens,
id. ib. 6, 38.— Adv.: fluxē, remissly, negligently (post-class. and rare):more vitae remissioris fluxius agens,
Amm. 18, 7. -
5 bénéfice
bénéfice [benefis]masculine nounb. ( = avantage) advantage• c'est tout bénéfice it's to your (or our etc) advantage* * *benefisnom masculin1) ( gain financier) profitbénéfice brut/net — gross/net profit
2) ( action bénéfique) benefit3) ( avantage) advantage* * *benefis nm1) COMMERCE profitLa société réalise de gros bénéfices. — The company is making big profits.
2) (= avantage) benefit* * *bénéfice nm1 ( gain financier) profit; bénéfice brut/net gross/net profit; bénéfice consolidé consolidated profit; bénéfice courant profit for the year; bénéfices distribués et non distribués distributed and retained profits; faire des bénéfices to make profits ou a profit; faire un bénéfice de 5 millions d’euros, faire 15 millions de bénéfice to make a profit of 5 million euros (sur on); vendre à bénéfice to sell at a profit; c'est tout bénéfice○ it's all profit;2 ( action bénéfique) benefit; les bénéfices du sommeil/d'une bonne alimentation the benefits of sleep/of a good diet; tu as perdu tout le bénéfice de tes vacances all the good that your vacation did you has been undone;3 ( avantage) advantage; le bénéfice de l'ancienneté the advantage of seniority; tirer bénéfice de qch to gain advantage from sth; il n'en tire aucun bénéfice he doesn't gain anything from it, he doesn't get anything out of it; au bénéfice de qch/qn ( en faveur de) in favourGB of sth/sb, to the advantage of sth/sb; faire qch au bénéfice de qch/qn ( pour faire bénéficier) to do sth to benefit sth/sb; organiser qch au bénéfice d'une œuvre caritative to organize sth in aid of a charity; accorder or laisser à qn le bénéfice du doute to give sb the benefit of the doubt; bénéfice des circonstances atténuantes benefit of extenuating circumstances; le bénéfice de l'âge the prerogative of age.[benefis] nom masculinbénéfice avant/après impôt pre-tax/after-tax profitbénéfice brut/net gross/net profitfaire ou enregistrer un bénéfice brut/net de 5 000 euros to gross/to net 5,000 eurosc'est tout bénéfice (familier) : à ce prix-là, c'est tout bénéfice at that price, you make a 100% profit on ittirer (un) bénéfice de quelque chose to derive some benefit ou an advantage from somethingle bénéfice du doute: laisser à quelqu'un le bénéfice du doute to give somebody the benefit of the doubt3. DROIT————————à bénéfice locution adverbiale[exploiter, vendre] at a profit————————au bénéfice de locution prépositionnelle1. [en faveur de] for (the benefit of)2. DROIT -
6 salaire
salaire [salεʀ]masculine noun(mensuel, annuel) salary ; (journalier, hebdomadaire) wages• (allocations de) salaire unique ≈ income support (Brit)• salaire brut/net gross/take-home pay• les petits salaires ( = personnes) low-wage earners• les gros salaires ( = personnes) high earners* * *salɛʀnom masculinsalaire annuel/mensuel — annual/monthly salary
salaire brut/net — gross/take-home pay
salaire de misère or famine — starvation wage
•Phrasal Verbs:••toute peine mérite salaire — Proverbe hard work deserves a reward
* * *salɛʀ nm1) (annuel, mensuel) salary, (hebdomadaire, journalier) wage, wages pl2) fig (= récompense) reward* * *salaire nm1 ( paie) salary; (à la journée, à l'heure, à la semaine) ( taux) wage; ( somme) wages (pl); salaire annuel/mensuel annual/monthly salary; salaire horaire/journalier/hebdomadaire hourly/daily/weekly wage ou salary; salaire brut/net gross/take-home pay; salaire au rendement incentive wages, efficiency wages US; salaire de misère or famine starvation wage;salaire de base basic salary GB, base pay US; salaire d'embauche starting salary; salaire unique single income.toute peine mérite salaire Prov hard work deserves a reward.[salɛr] nom masculin[d'un cadre] salarysalaire à la tâche ou aux pièces pay for piece work, piece ratesalaire de base basic salary ou paysalaire minimum interprofessionnel de croissance → link=SMIC SMICsalaire net take-home pay, net salaryje n'ai pas droit au salaire unique I'm not entitled to supplementary benefit (UK) ou the welfare benefit (US) for single-income families[punition] retribution -
7 redundo
red-undo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n.; of water, from being over full, to run back or over, to pour over, stream over, overflow (freq. and class.; a favorite word of Cic., esp. in trop. senses; not in Cæs., Verg., or Hor.; cf.: refluo, recurro).I.Lit.:b.mare neque redundat unquam neque effunditur,
Cic. N. D. 2, 45, 116:si lacus Albanus redundasset,
id. Div. 2, 32, 69; so,lacus,
id. ib. 1, 44, 100; cf. Suet. Claud. 32: redundantibus cloacis, Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Non. 138, 7 (id. H. 3, 26 Dietsch):Nilus campis redundat,
Lucr. 6, 712; so,fons campis,
id. 5, 603; and:aqua gutture pleno,
Ov. R. Am. 536:cum pituita redundat aut bilis,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 10, 23; cf.:locos pituitosos et quasi redundantes,
id. Fat. 4, 7:sanguis in ora et oculos redundat,
Flor. 3, 17, 8. —Poet., in part. pass.:B. 1.redundatus = redundans: amne redundatis fossa madebat aquis,
Ov. F. 6, 402; and for undans: (Boreae vis saeva) redundatas flumine cogit aquas, the swelling, surging waters (opp. aequato siccis aquilonibus Istro), id. Tr. 3, 10, 52.—Of things:2.quae (crux) etiam nunc civis Romani sanguine redundat,
is soaked with, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 11, § 26; cf.:sanguine hostium Africa,
id. Imp. Pomp. 11, 30; and id. Cat. 3, 10, 24:largus manat cruor: ora redundant Et patulae nares,
Luc. 9, 812.—Of persons:II.hesternā cenā redundantes,
Plin. Pan. 63, 3. —Trop., to flow forth in excess, superabound, redound, to be superfluous, redundant; to flow forth freely, to be copious, to abound:* b. B.is (Molo) dedit operam, ut nimis redundantes nos juvenili quādam dicendi impunitate et licentiā reprimeret, et quasi extra ripas diffluentes coërceret,
Cic. Brut. 91, 316:ne aut non compleas verbis, quod proposueris, aut redundes,
id. Part. Or. 7, 18; cf.:Stesichorus redundat atque effunditur,
Quint. 10, 1, 62:Asiatici oratores parum pressi et nimis redundantes,
Cic. Brut. 13, 51; id. de Or. 2, 21, 88; cf. Quint. 9, 4, 116; 12, 10, 12; 17:hoc tempus omne post consulatum objecimus iis fluctibus, qui per nos a communi peste depulsi, in nosmet ipsos redundarunt,
Cic. de Or. 1, 1, 3:quod redundabit de vestro frumentario quaestu,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 66, § 155:quorum (vitiorum) ad amicos redundet infamia,
id. Lael. 21, 76: vitia Atheniensium in civitatem nostram, id. Rep. 1, 3, 5:si ex hoc beneficio nullum in me periculum redundavit,
id. Sull. 9, 27; cf.:servi, ad quos aliquantum etiam ex cottidianis sumptibus ac luxurie redundet,
id. Cael. 23, 57 fin.:in genus auctoris miseri fortuna redundat,
Ov. Tr. 3, 1, 73:nationes, quae numero hominum ac multitudine ipsa poterant in provincias nostras redundare,
id. Prov. Cons. 12, 31:si haec in eum annum redundarint,
id. Mur. 39, 85:quod laudem adulescentis propinqui existimo etiam ad meum aliquem fructum redundare,
to redound, id. Lig. 3, 8; cf.:gaudeo tuā gloriā, cujus ad me pars aliqua redundat,
Plin. Ep. 5, 12, 2:omnium quidem beneficiorum quae merentibus tribuuntur non ad ipsos gaudium magis quam ad similes redundat,
id. Pan. 62, 1; Quint. 12, 2, 19:nisi operum suorum ad se laudem, manubias ad patriam redundare maluisset,
Val. Max. 4, 3, 13:ut gloria ejus ad ipsum redundaret,
id. 8, 14, ext. 4;Auct. B. Alex. 60, 2: animus per se multa desiderat, quae ad officium fructumve corporis non redundant,
Lact. 7, 11, 7:ex rerum cognitione efflorescat et redundet oportet oratio,
pour forth copiously, abundantly, Cic. de Or. 1, 6, 20:ex meo tenui vectigali... aliquid etiam redundabit,
something will still remain, id. Par. 6, 3, 49:non reus ex eā causā redundat Postumus,
does not appear to be guilty, id. Rab. Post. 5, 11:hinc illae extraordinariae pecuniae redundarunt,
have flowed, proceeded, id. Verr. 2, 1, 39, § 100; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 43, § 103: ne quid hoc parricidā civium interfecto, invidiae mihi in posteritatem redundaret, should redound to or fall upon me, id. Cat. 1, 12, 29. —Transf., to be present in excess; to be redundant, superabound; and: redundare aliquā re, to have an excess or redundancy of any thing: redundat aurum ac thesauri patent, Lucil. ap. Non. 384, 17:in quibus (definitionibus) neque abesse quicquam decet neque redundare,
Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 83; cf.:ut neque in Antonio deesset hic ornatus orationis neque in Crasso redundaret,
id. ib. 3, 4, 16; Quint. 1, 4, 9:ut nulla (species) neque praetermittatur neque redundet,
Cic. Or. 33, 117:munitus indicibus fuit, quorum hodie copia redundat,
id. Sest. 44, 95:splendidissimorum hominum multitudine,
id. Pis. 11, 25; cf.:redundante multitudine,
Tac. H. 2, 93:quod bonum mihi redundat,
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 1:quo posset urbs et accipere ex mari, quo egeret, et reddere, quo redundaret,
id. Rep. 2, 5, 10:omnibus vel ornamentis vel praesidiis redundare,
id. Fam. 3, 10, 5:tuus deus non digito uno redundat, sed capite, collo, cervicibus, etc.,
id. N. D. 1, 35, 99:hominum multitudine,
id. Pis. 11, 25; cf.armis,
Tac. H. 2, 32:hi clientelis etiam exterarum nationum redundabant,
id. Or. 36:acerbissimo luctu redundaret ista victoria,
Cic. Lig. 5, 15:Curiana defensio tota redundavit hilaritate quādam et joco,
id. de Or. 2, 54, 221.— Hence, rĕdundans, antis, P. a., overflowing, superfluous, excessive, redundant:amputatio et decussio redundantioris nitoris,
Tert. Cult. Fem. 2, 9.— Adv.: rĕdundanter, redundantly, superfluously, excessively, Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 21.— Comp., Ambros. Ep. 82, 27. -
8 or
I.or1 [ɔʀ]1. masculine noun2. compounds► or noir ( = pétrole) black goldII.or2 [ɔʀ]a. (mise en relief) or, ce jour-là, il n'était pas là now, on that particular day, he wasn't there• il m'a téléphoné hier, or je pensais justement à lui he phoned me yesterday, and it just so happened that I'd been thinking about himb. (opposition) but• nous l'attendions, or il n'est pas venu we waited for him but he didn't come* * *
I ɔʀ1) ( indiquant une opposition) and yettu m'as dit que tu serais à la bibliothèque, or tu n'y étais pas — you told me you'd be at the library and you weren't there
les musées sont fermés le mardi, or c'était justement un mardi — museums are closed on Tuesdays, and it just so happened that it was a Tuesday
3) ( pour récapituler)or donc, c'était la nuit et nous étions perdus — now, it was night and we were lost
II
1. ɔʀadjectif invariable [couleur] gold; [cheveux] golden
2.
nom masculin1) ( métal) gold [U]en or — [dent, bague] gold (épith); [patron, mari] marvellous [BrE]; [occasion] golden
avoir un cœur d'or or en or — to have a heart of gold
2) Architecture, Art (d'encadrement, église, de dôme) gilding [U]3) ( couleur)•Phrasal Verbs:- or blanc- or jaune- or noir••la parole est d'argent, le silence est d'or — Proverbe speech is silver, silence is golden Proverbe
rouler sur l' or — to be rolling in it (colloq) ou in money
* * *ɔʀ1. nm1) (= métal) goldl'or blanc fig — snow
2) (emplois figurés, en locution)en or; une occasion en or — a golden opportunity
une affaire en or (occasion) — a real bargain, (commerce) a gold mine
2. conj1) (avec valeur d'opposition) yet, butIl était sûr de gagner, or il a perdu. — He was sure he would win, and yet he lost.
Il s'était établi en Normandie. Or, à cette époque... — He settled in Normandy. Now, at that time...
* * *I.orB nm1 ( métal) gold ¢; or pur/fin/massif pure/fine/solid gold; gravé à l'or fin engraved in fine gold; or (à) 18/24 carats 18-/24-carat gold; or en feuille sheet gold; fil d'or gold thread; or en barres gold bullion; or en lingots gold ingots (pl); en or [dent, bague] gold ( épith); [patron, mari] marvellousGB; [occasion] golden; avoir un cœur d'or or en or fig to have a heart of gold; avoir un caractère en or fig to be pure gold; tout ce qui brille n'est pas d'or all that glitters is not gold; ⇒ poule;2 Archit, Art (d'encadrement, église, de dôme) gilding ¢; les ors d'une icône the gilding of an icon;3 ( couleur) cheveux d'or golden hair; l'or de tes cheveux your golden hair; les ors de l'automne/des champs the golden tints of autumn GB ou fall US/of the fields;4 Hérald or.or blanc white gold; or dentaire dental gold; or gris = or blanc; or jaune yellow gold; or natif native gold; or noir black gold, oil; or rouge red gold.la parole est d'argent, le silence est d'or Prov speech is silver, silence is golden; je ne le ferais pas pour tout l'or du monde I wouldn't do it for all the money in the world ou all the tea in China; rouler sur l' or, être cousu d'or to be rolling in it○ ou in money; elle parle d'or what she says is so true!II.or conj1 ( indiquant une opposition) and yet; il dit avoir passé la soirée au cinéma, or personne ne peut le confirmer he says he spent the evening at the cinema and yet nobody can confirm it; tu m'as dit que tu serais à la bibliothèque, or tu n'y étais pas you told me you'd be at the library and you weren't there; or ça, jeune homme, où vous croyez-vous? hum now then, young man, where do you think you are?;2 ( introduisant un nouvel élément) les musées sont fermés le mardi, or c'était justement un mardi museums are closed on Tuesdays, and it just so happened that it was a Tuesday; or, ce jour-là, il était sorti sans son parapluie now, on that particular day, he went out without his umbrella; il a commencé à me parler du livre, or je l'avais lu une semaine plus tôt he started talking about the book and as it happened I'd read it a week before; on lui avait offert une bouteille d'alcool, or Grovagnard était un ancien alcoolique… he'd been given a bottle of spirits as a present; now Grovagnard was a former alcoholic…; tous les hommes sont mortels, or je suis un homme, donc je suis mortel all men are mortal, I am a man, therefore I am mortal;3 ( pour récapituler) or donc, c'était la nuit et nous étions perdus now, it was night and we were lost.I[ɔr] conjonctionil faut tenir les délais; or, ce n'est pas toujours possible deadlines must be met; now this is not always possibleje devais y aller, or au dernier moment j'ai eu un empêchement I was supposed to go, but then at the last moment something came upII[ɔr] nom masculin1. [métal] goldor monnayé/au titre/sans titre coined/essayed/unessayed goldl'or blanc [les sports d'hiver] the winter sports bonanzala valeur or value in gold, gold exchange value————————[ɔr] adjectif invariable————————d'or locution adjectivale3. (locution)en or locution adjectivale2. [excellent]a. [occasion] a real bargainb. [entreprise] a goldmine -
9 ecfundo
ef-fundo (or ecf-), fūdi, fūsum, 3, v. a., to pour out, pour forth, shed, spread abroad (class.; esp. freq. in the transf. and trop. signif.).I.Lit.:B.vinum in barathrum (i. e. ventrem),
Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 28; cf. Cic. Pis. 10:aquam oblatam in galea,
Front. Strat. 1, 7, 7:humorem,
Cels. 7, 15:lacrimas,
Lucr. 1, 126; Cic. Planc. 42, 101:imbrem (procella),
Curt. 8, 13:se in oceanum (Ganges),
Plin. 2, 108, 112, § 243:Sangarius flumen in Propontidem se effundit,
Liv. 38, 18, 18; cf. pass. in mid. force:mare neque redundat umquam neque effunditur,
Cic. N. D. 2, 45, 116; v. also under P. a.—Transf., of non-liquid bodies.1.In gen., to pour out, pour forth, drive out, cast out, send out (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose;2.a favorite word of Vergil): saccos nummorum,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 149:frumentum in flumen,
Dig. 9, 2, 27, § 19:ei oculus effunditur,
is knocked out, put out, ib. 19, 2, 13, § 4:tela,
i. e. to shoot in great numbers, Verg. A. 9, 509; Liv. 27, 18:auxilium castris apertis,
to send forth, Verg. A. 7, 522:equus consulem lapsum super caput effudit,
threw, Liv. 22, 3, 11; so id. 10, 11; 27, 32; Plin. 8, 42, 65, § 160; Curt. 8, 14, 34; Verg. A. 10, 574; 893; cf. Val. Fl. 8, 358:(quae via) Excutiat Teucros vallo atque effundat in aequum,
Verg. A. 9, 68:sub altis portis,
id. ib. 11, 485; cf.:aliquem solo,
id. ib. 12, 532:caput in gremium,
Cels. 7, 7, 4. — Poet.:carmina molli numero fluere, ut per leve severos Effundat junctura ungues,
i. e. lets it slip over smoothly, Pers. 1, 65.—In partic.a.With se, or mid. of persons, to pour out in a multitude, to rush out, spread abroad (a favorite expression with the historians):b.omnis sese multitudo ad cognoscendum effudit (sc. ex urbe),
Caes. B. C. 2, 7, 3; so,se,
id. ib. 2, 7, 3; Liv. 26, 19; 34, 8; 33, 12, 10; 35, 39, 5; Val. Max. 7, 6, 6; Vell. 2, 112, 4; Suet. Calig. 4 fin.; id. Caes. 44 et saep. (but not in Caes. B. G. 5, 19, 2, where the better reading is:se ejecerat, v. Schneider ad h. l.): omnibus portis effunduntur,
Liv. 38, 6;so mid.,
Tac. A. 1, 23; Liv. 40, 40, 10; and esp. freq. in the part. effusus, Sall. J. 55, 4; 69, 2; Liv. 1, 14; 9, 31; Tac. A. 4, 25 fin.; 12, 31; 15, 23; Verg. A. 6, 305 et saep.— Ellips. of se: ubi se arctat (mare) Hellespontus vocatur; Propontis, ubi expandit; ubi iterum pressit, Thracius Bosporus;ubi iterum effundit, Pontus Euxinus,
spreads out, widens, Mel. 1, 1, 5.—With the accessory notion of producing, to bring forth, produce abundantly:c.non solum fruges verum herbas etiam effundunt,
Cic. Or. 15, 48; cf.: fruges (auctumnus), Hor. C. 4, 7, 11:copiam,
Cic. Brut. 9, 36.—Of property, to pour out, i. e. to lavish, squander, waste, run through:II.patrimonium per luxuriam effundere atque consumere,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 6; so,patrimonium,
id. Phil. 3, 2:aerarium,
id. Agr. 1, 5, 15; id. Tusc. 3, 20, 48:sumptus,
id. Rosc. Am. 24, 68:opes,
Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94:omnes fortunas,
Tac. A. 14, 31:reditus publicos non in classem exercitusque, sed in dies festos,
Just. 6, 9, 3; and absol.:effundite, emite, etc.,
Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 34.Trop.A.In gen.:B.effudi vobis omnia, quae sentiebam,
i. e. have freely imparted, Cic. de Or. 1, 34 fin.; cf. id. Att. 16, 7, 5; id. Fl. 17, 41; Quint. 2, 2, 10; 10, 3, 17; Val. Fl. 7, 434:procellam eloquentiae,
Quint. 11, 3, 158:totos affectus,
id. 4, 1, 28:tales voces,
Verg. A. 5, 723:questus,
id. ib. 5, 780:carmina,
Ov. H. 12, 139 al.:vox in coronam turbamque effunditur,
Cic. Fl. 28 fin.; cf.:questus in aëra,
Ov. M. 9, 370:omnem suum vinulentum furorem in me,
Cic. Fam. 12, 25, 4:iram in aliquem,
Liv. 39, 34:omne odium in auxilii praesentis spem,
id. 31, 44, 2:indignationem,
Vulg. Ezech. 20, 8 et saep.—In partic. (acc. to I. B. 2. a. and c.).1.With se, or mid., to give one's self up to, to give loose to, yield to, indulge in:2.qui se in aliqua libidine effuderit,
Cic. Par. 3, 1, 21:se in omnes libidines,
Tac. A. 14, 13:(Pompeius) in nos suavissime hercule effusus,
has treated me with the most flattering confidence, Cic. Att. 4, 9;more freq., mid.: in tantam licentiam socordiamque,
Liv. 25, 20, 6:in venerem,
id. 29, 23, 4:in amorem,
Tac. A. 1, 54; Curt. 8, 4, 25:in laetitiam,
Just. 12, 3, 7; Curt. 5, 1, 37:in jocos,
Suet. Aug. 98:in cachinnos,
id. Calig. 32:in questus, lacrimas, vota,
Tac. A. 1, 11:in lacrimas,
id. ib. 3, 23; 4, 8; id. H. 2, 45;for which, lacrimis,
Verg. A. 2, 651; cf.:ad preces lacrimasque,
Liv. 44, 31 fin.:ad luxuriam,
id. 34, 6:terra effunditur in herbas,
Plin. 17, 8, 4, § 48; cf.:quorum stomachus in vomitiones effunditur,
id. 23, 1, 23, § 43.—To cast away, give up, let go, dismiss, resign:3.collectam gratiam florentissimi hominis,
Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1:odium,
id. ib. 1, 9, 20:vires,
Liv. 10, 28; Ov. M. 12, 107:curam sui,
Sen. Ira, 2, 35:verecundiam,
id. Ep. 11:animam,
Verg. A. 1, 98; cf.vitam,
Ov. H. 7, 181; Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 1, 9; cf. id. ib. 1, 11, 25:spiritum,
Tac. A. 2, 70.—To relax, loosen, slacken, let go:I.manibus omnis effundit habenas,
Verg. A. 5, 818:sive gradum seu frena effunderet,
Stat. Th. 9, 182:irarum effundit habenas,
Verg. A. 12, 499.—Hence, effūsus, a, um, P. a.(Effundo, I. B. 1.) Poured out, cast out; hence, plur. as subst.: effusa, ōrum, n., the urine:II.reliquias et effusa intueri,
Sen. Const. Sap. 13, 1.—(Effundo, I. B. 2.) Spread out, extensive, vast, broad, wide (not freq. till after the Aug. per.).— Lit.1.In gen.:2.effusumque corpus,
Lucr. 3, 113; cf.:late mare,
Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 26:loca,
Tac. G. 30:effusissimus Hadriatici maris sinus,
Vell. 2, 43:incendium,
Liv. 30, 5; cf.caedes,
id. 42, 65:cursus,
id. 2, 50; Plin. 9, 33, 52, § 102:membra,
i. e. full, plump, Stat. Th. 6, 841.—Esp., relaxed, slackened, loosened, dishevelled:3.habenis,
Front. Strat. 2, 5, 31; cf.:quam posset effusissimis habenis,
Liv. 37, 20:comae,
Ov. H. 7, 70; id. Am. 1, 9, 38 et saep.; cf.also transf.: (nymphae) caesariem effusae nitidam per candida colla,
Verg. G. 4, 337.—Of soldiers or a throng of people, etc., straggling, disorderly, scattered, dispersed:III.effusum agmen ducit,
Liv. 21, 25, 8:aciem,
Luc. 4, 743:huc omnis turba effusa ruebat,
Verg. A. 6, 305:sine armis effusi in armatos incidere hostis,
Liv. 30, 5, 8.—Trop.1.Profuse, prodigal, lavish:2.quis in largitione effusior?
Cic. Cael. 6, 13:munificentiae effusissimus,
Vell. 2, 41.—Extravagant, immoderate:1. a.licentia,
Liv. 44, 1; cf.laetitia,
id. 35, 43 fin.:cursus,
Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 11 et saep.— Comp.:cultus in verbis,
Quint. 3, 8, 58.— Sup.:laudationes,
Petr. 48, 7:studium,
Suet. Ner. 40.— Adv.: effūse.In gen.:b.ire,
Sall. J. 105, 3; cf.fugere,
Liv. 3, 22; 40, 48:persequi,
id. 43, 23; Curt. 9, 8:vastare,
Liv. 1, 10; 44, 30; cf.:effusius praedari,
id. 34, 16 et saep.: spatium annale effuse interpretari. in a wide sense, Cod. Just. 7, 40, 1. —Esp., profusely, lavishly:2.large effuseque donare,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 8 fin.; cf.vivere,
id. Cael. 16 fin.: liberalem esse, Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 71:affluant opes,
Liv. 3, 26. —In the comp., Tac. A. 4, 62.—(Acc. to II.) Extravagantly, immoderately:cum inaniter et effuse animus exsultat,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 13:amare,
Plin. Ep. 6, 26, 2.— Comp.:dicere,
Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 20:fovere,
id. ib. 7, 24, 4:excipere,
Suet. Ner. 22:favere,
Tac. H. 1, 19.— Sup.:diligere,
Plin. Ep. 7, 30, 1; id. Pan. 84, 4. -
10 effundo
ef-fundo (or ecf-), fūdi, fūsum, 3, v. a., to pour out, pour forth, shed, spread abroad (class.; esp. freq. in the transf. and trop. signif.).I.Lit.:B.vinum in barathrum (i. e. ventrem),
Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 28; cf. Cic. Pis. 10:aquam oblatam in galea,
Front. Strat. 1, 7, 7:humorem,
Cels. 7, 15:lacrimas,
Lucr. 1, 126; Cic. Planc. 42, 101:imbrem (procella),
Curt. 8, 13:se in oceanum (Ganges),
Plin. 2, 108, 112, § 243:Sangarius flumen in Propontidem se effundit,
Liv. 38, 18, 18; cf. pass. in mid. force:mare neque redundat umquam neque effunditur,
Cic. N. D. 2, 45, 116; v. also under P. a.—Transf., of non-liquid bodies.1.In gen., to pour out, pour forth, drive out, cast out, send out (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose;2.a favorite word of Vergil): saccos nummorum,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 149:frumentum in flumen,
Dig. 9, 2, 27, § 19:ei oculus effunditur,
is knocked out, put out, ib. 19, 2, 13, § 4:tela,
i. e. to shoot in great numbers, Verg. A. 9, 509; Liv. 27, 18:auxilium castris apertis,
to send forth, Verg. A. 7, 522:equus consulem lapsum super caput effudit,
threw, Liv. 22, 3, 11; so id. 10, 11; 27, 32; Plin. 8, 42, 65, § 160; Curt. 8, 14, 34; Verg. A. 10, 574; 893; cf. Val. Fl. 8, 358:(quae via) Excutiat Teucros vallo atque effundat in aequum,
Verg. A. 9, 68:sub altis portis,
id. ib. 11, 485; cf.:aliquem solo,
id. ib. 12, 532:caput in gremium,
Cels. 7, 7, 4. — Poet.:carmina molli numero fluere, ut per leve severos Effundat junctura ungues,
i. e. lets it slip over smoothly, Pers. 1, 65.—In partic.a.With se, or mid. of persons, to pour out in a multitude, to rush out, spread abroad (a favorite expression with the historians):b.omnis sese multitudo ad cognoscendum effudit (sc. ex urbe),
Caes. B. C. 2, 7, 3; so,se,
id. ib. 2, 7, 3; Liv. 26, 19; 34, 8; 33, 12, 10; 35, 39, 5; Val. Max. 7, 6, 6; Vell. 2, 112, 4; Suet. Calig. 4 fin.; id. Caes. 44 et saep. (but not in Caes. B. G. 5, 19, 2, where the better reading is:se ejecerat, v. Schneider ad h. l.): omnibus portis effunduntur,
Liv. 38, 6;so mid.,
Tac. A. 1, 23; Liv. 40, 40, 10; and esp. freq. in the part. effusus, Sall. J. 55, 4; 69, 2; Liv. 1, 14; 9, 31; Tac. A. 4, 25 fin.; 12, 31; 15, 23; Verg. A. 6, 305 et saep.— Ellips. of se: ubi se arctat (mare) Hellespontus vocatur; Propontis, ubi expandit; ubi iterum pressit, Thracius Bosporus;ubi iterum effundit, Pontus Euxinus,
spreads out, widens, Mel. 1, 1, 5.—With the accessory notion of producing, to bring forth, produce abundantly:c.non solum fruges verum herbas etiam effundunt,
Cic. Or. 15, 48; cf.: fruges (auctumnus), Hor. C. 4, 7, 11:copiam,
Cic. Brut. 9, 36.—Of property, to pour out, i. e. to lavish, squander, waste, run through:II.patrimonium per luxuriam effundere atque consumere,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 6; so,patrimonium,
id. Phil. 3, 2:aerarium,
id. Agr. 1, 5, 15; id. Tusc. 3, 20, 48:sumptus,
id. Rosc. Am. 24, 68:opes,
Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94:omnes fortunas,
Tac. A. 14, 31:reditus publicos non in classem exercitusque, sed in dies festos,
Just. 6, 9, 3; and absol.:effundite, emite, etc.,
Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 34.Trop.A.In gen.:B.effudi vobis omnia, quae sentiebam,
i. e. have freely imparted, Cic. de Or. 1, 34 fin.; cf. id. Att. 16, 7, 5; id. Fl. 17, 41; Quint. 2, 2, 10; 10, 3, 17; Val. Fl. 7, 434:procellam eloquentiae,
Quint. 11, 3, 158:totos affectus,
id. 4, 1, 28:tales voces,
Verg. A. 5, 723:questus,
id. ib. 5, 780:carmina,
Ov. H. 12, 139 al.:vox in coronam turbamque effunditur,
Cic. Fl. 28 fin.; cf.:questus in aëra,
Ov. M. 9, 370:omnem suum vinulentum furorem in me,
Cic. Fam. 12, 25, 4:iram in aliquem,
Liv. 39, 34:omne odium in auxilii praesentis spem,
id. 31, 44, 2:indignationem,
Vulg. Ezech. 20, 8 et saep.—In partic. (acc. to I. B. 2. a. and c.).1.With se, or mid., to give one's self up to, to give loose to, yield to, indulge in:2.qui se in aliqua libidine effuderit,
Cic. Par. 3, 1, 21:se in omnes libidines,
Tac. A. 14, 13:(Pompeius) in nos suavissime hercule effusus,
has treated me with the most flattering confidence, Cic. Att. 4, 9;more freq., mid.: in tantam licentiam socordiamque,
Liv. 25, 20, 6:in venerem,
id. 29, 23, 4:in amorem,
Tac. A. 1, 54; Curt. 8, 4, 25:in laetitiam,
Just. 12, 3, 7; Curt. 5, 1, 37:in jocos,
Suet. Aug. 98:in cachinnos,
id. Calig. 32:in questus, lacrimas, vota,
Tac. A. 1, 11:in lacrimas,
id. ib. 3, 23; 4, 8; id. H. 2, 45;for which, lacrimis,
Verg. A. 2, 651; cf.:ad preces lacrimasque,
Liv. 44, 31 fin.:ad luxuriam,
id. 34, 6:terra effunditur in herbas,
Plin. 17, 8, 4, § 48; cf.:quorum stomachus in vomitiones effunditur,
id. 23, 1, 23, § 43.—To cast away, give up, let go, dismiss, resign:3.collectam gratiam florentissimi hominis,
Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1:odium,
id. ib. 1, 9, 20:vires,
Liv. 10, 28; Ov. M. 12, 107:curam sui,
Sen. Ira, 2, 35:verecundiam,
id. Ep. 11:animam,
Verg. A. 1, 98; cf.vitam,
Ov. H. 7, 181; Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 1, 9; cf. id. ib. 1, 11, 25:spiritum,
Tac. A. 2, 70.—To relax, loosen, slacken, let go:I.manibus omnis effundit habenas,
Verg. A. 5, 818:sive gradum seu frena effunderet,
Stat. Th. 9, 182:irarum effundit habenas,
Verg. A. 12, 499.—Hence, effūsus, a, um, P. a.(Effundo, I. B. 1.) Poured out, cast out; hence, plur. as subst.: effusa, ōrum, n., the urine:II.reliquias et effusa intueri,
Sen. Const. Sap. 13, 1.—(Effundo, I. B. 2.) Spread out, extensive, vast, broad, wide (not freq. till after the Aug. per.).— Lit.1.In gen.:2.effusumque corpus,
Lucr. 3, 113; cf.:late mare,
Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 26:loca,
Tac. G. 30:effusissimus Hadriatici maris sinus,
Vell. 2, 43:incendium,
Liv. 30, 5; cf.caedes,
id. 42, 65:cursus,
id. 2, 50; Plin. 9, 33, 52, § 102:membra,
i. e. full, plump, Stat. Th. 6, 841.—Esp., relaxed, slackened, loosened, dishevelled:3.habenis,
Front. Strat. 2, 5, 31; cf.:quam posset effusissimis habenis,
Liv. 37, 20:comae,
Ov. H. 7, 70; id. Am. 1, 9, 38 et saep.; cf.also transf.: (nymphae) caesariem effusae nitidam per candida colla,
Verg. G. 4, 337.—Of soldiers or a throng of people, etc., straggling, disorderly, scattered, dispersed:III.effusum agmen ducit,
Liv. 21, 25, 8:aciem,
Luc. 4, 743:huc omnis turba effusa ruebat,
Verg. A. 6, 305:sine armis effusi in armatos incidere hostis,
Liv. 30, 5, 8.—Trop.1.Profuse, prodigal, lavish:2.quis in largitione effusior?
Cic. Cael. 6, 13:munificentiae effusissimus,
Vell. 2, 41.—Extravagant, immoderate:1. a.licentia,
Liv. 44, 1; cf.laetitia,
id. 35, 43 fin.:cursus,
Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 11 et saep.— Comp.:cultus in verbis,
Quint. 3, 8, 58.— Sup.:laudationes,
Petr. 48, 7:studium,
Suet. Ner. 40.— Adv.: effūse.In gen.:b.ire,
Sall. J. 105, 3; cf.fugere,
Liv. 3, 22; 40, 48:persequi,
id. 43, 23; Curt. 9, 8:vastare,
Liv. 1, 10; 44, 30; cf.:effusius praedari,
id. 34, 16 et saep.: spatium annale effuse interpretari. in a wide sense, Cod. Just. 7, 40, 1. —Esp., profusely, lavishly:2.large effuseque donare,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 8 fin.; cf.vivere,
id. Cael. 16 fin.: liberalem esse, Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 71:affluant opes,
Liv. 3, 26. —In the comp., Tac. A. 4, 62.—(Acc. to II.) Extravagantly, immoderately:cum inaniter et effuse animus exsultat,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 13:amare,
Plin. Ep. 6, 26, 2.— Comp.:dicere,
Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 20:fovere,
id. ib. 7, 24, 4:excipere,
Suet. Ner. 22:favere,
Tac. H. 1, 19.— Sup.:diligere,
Plin. Ep. 7, 30, 1; id. Pan. 84, 4. -
11 effusa
ef-fundo (or ecf-), fūdi, fūsum, 3, v. a., to pour out, pour forth, shed, spread abroad (class.; esp. freq. in the transf. and trop. signif.).I.Lit.:B.vinum in barathrum (i. e. ventrem),
Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 28; cf. Cic. Pis. 10:aquam oblatam in galea,
Front. Strat. 1, 7, 7:humorem,
Cels. 7, 15:lacrimas,
Lucr. 1, 126; Cic. Planc. 42, 101:imbrem (procella),
Curt. 8, 13:se in oceanum (Ganges),
Plin. 2, 108, 112, § 243:Sangarius flumen in Propontidem se effundit,
Liv. 38, 18, 18; cf. pass. in mid. force:mare neque redundat umquam neque effunditur,
Cic. N. D. 2, 45, 116; v. also under P. a.—Transf., of non-liquid bodies.1.In gen., to pour out, pour forth, drive out, cast out, send out (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose;2.a favorite word of Vergil): saccos nummorum,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 149:frumentum in flumen,
Dig. 9, 2, 27, § 19:ei oculus effunditur,
is knocked out, put out, ib. 19, 2, 13, § 4:tela,
i. e. to shoot in great numbers, Verg. A. 9, 509; Liv. 27, 18:auxilium castris apertis,
to send forth, Verg. A. 7, 522:equus consulem lapsum super caput effudit,
threw, Liv. 22, 3, 11; so id. 10, 11; 27, 32; Plin. 8, 42, 65, § 160; Curt. 8, 14, 34; Verg. A. 10, 574; 893; cf. Val. Fl. 8, 358:(quae via) Excutiat Teucros vallo atque effundat in aequum,
Verg. A. 9, 68:sub altis portis,
id. ib. 11, 485; cf.:aliquem solo,
id. ib. 12, 532:caput in gremium,
Cels. 7, 7, 4. — Poet.:carmina molli numero fluere, ut per leve severos Effundat junctura ungues,
i. e. lets it slip over smoothly, Pers. 1, 65.—In partic.a.With se, or mid. of persons, to pour out in a multitude, to rush out, spread abroad (a favorite expression with the historians):b.omnis sese multitudo ad cognoscendum effudit (sc. ex urbe),
Caes. B. C. 2, 7, 3; so,se,
id. ib. 2, 7, 3; Liv. 26, 19; 34, 8; 33, 12, 10; 35, 39, 5; Val. Max. 7, 6, 6; Vell. 2, 112, 4; Suet. Calig. 4 fin.; id. Caes. 44 et saep. (but not in Caes. B. G. 5, 19, 2, where the better reading is:se ejecerat, v. Schneider ad h. l.): omnibus portis effunduntur,
Liv. 38, 6;so mid.,
Tac. A. 1, 23; Liv. 40, 40, 10; and esp. freq. in the part. effusus, Sall. J. 55, 4; 69, 2; Liv. 1, 14; 9, 31; Tac. A. 4, 25 fin.; 12, 31; 15, 23; Verg. A. 6, 305 et saep.— Ellips. of se: ubi se arctat (mare) Hellespontus vocatur; Propontis, ubi expandit; ubi iterum pressit, Thracius Bosporus;ubi iterum effundit, Pontus Euxinus,
spreads out, widens, Mel. 1, 1, 5.—With the accessory notion of producing, to bring forth, produce abundantly:c.non solum fruges verum herbas etiam effundunt,
Cic. Or. 15, 48; cf.: fruges (auctumnus), Hor. C. 4, 7, 11:copiam,
Cic. Brut. 9, 36.—Of property, to pour out, i. e. to lavish, squander, waste, run through:II.patrimonium per luxuriam effundere atque consumere,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 6; so,patrimonium,
id. Phil. 3, 2:aerarium,
id. Agr. 1, 5, 15; id. Tusc. 3, 20, 48:sumptus,
id. Rosc. Am. 24, 68:opes,
Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94:omnes fortunas,
Tac. A. 14, 31:reditus publicos non in classem exercitusque, sed in dies festos,
Just. 6, 9, 3; and absol.:effundite, emite, etc.,
Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 34.Trop.A.In gen.:B.effudi vobis omnia, quae sentiebam,
i. e. have freely imparted, Cic. de Or. 1, 34 fin.; cf. id. Att. 16, 7, 5; id. Fl. 17, 41; Quint. 2, 2, 10; 10, 3, 17; Val. Fl. 7, 434:procellam eloquentiae,
Quint. 11, 3, 158:totos affectus,
id. 4, 1, 28:tales voces,
Verg. A. 5, 723:questus,
id. ib. 5, 780:carmina,
Ov. H. 12, 139 al.:vox in coronam turbamque effunditur,
Cic. Fl. 28 fin.; cf.:questus in aëra,
Ov. M. 9, 370:omnem suum vinulentum furorem in me,
Cic. Fam. 12, 25, 4:iram in aliquem,
Liv. 39, 34:omne odium in auxilii praesentis spem,
id. 31, 44, 2:indignationem,
Vulg. Ezech. 20, 8 et saep.—In partic. (acc. to I. B. 2. a. and c.).1.With se, or mid., to give one's self up to, to give loose to, yield to, indulge in:2.qui se in aliqua libidine effuderit,
Cic. Par. 3, 1, 21:se in omnes libidines,
Tac. A. 14, 13:(Pompeius) in nos suavissime hercule effusus,
has treated me with the most flattering confidence, Cic. Att. 4, 9;more freq., mid.: in tantam licentiam socordiamque,
Liv. 25, 20, 6:in venerem,
id. 29, 23, 4:in amorem,
Tac. A. 1, 54; Curt. 8, 4, 25:in laetitiam,
Just. 12, 3, 7; Curt. 5, 1, 37:in jocos,
Suet. Aug. 98:in cachinnos,
id. Calig. 32:in questus, lacrimas, vota,
Tac. A. 1, 11:in lacrimas,
id. ib. 3, 23; 4, 8; id. H. 2, 45;for which, lacrimis,
Verg. A. 2, 651; cf.:ad preces lacrimasque,
Liv. 44, 31 fin.:ad luxuriam,
id. 34, 6:terra effunditur in herbas,
Plin. 17, 8, 4, § 48; cf.:quorum stomachus in vomitiones effunditur,
id. 23, 1, 23, § 43.—To cast away, give up, let go, dismiss, resign:3.collectam gratiam florentissimi hominis,
Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1:odium,
id. ib. 1, 9, 20:vires,
Liv. 10, 28; Ov. M. 12, 107:curam sui,
Sen. Ira, 2, 35:verecundiam,
id. Ep. 11:animam,
Verg. A. 1, 98; cf.vitam,
Ov. H. 7, 181; Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 1, 9; cf. id. ib. 1, 11, 25:spiritum,
Tac. A. 2, 70.—To relax, loosen, slacken, let go:I.manibus omnis effundit habenas,
Verg. A. 5, 818:sive gradum seu frena effunderet,
Stat. Th. 9, 182:irarum effundit habenas,
Verg. A. 12, 499.—Hence, effūsus, a, um, P. a.(Effundo, I. B. 1.) Poured out, cast out; hence, plur. as subst.: effusa, ōrum, n., the urine:II.reliquias et effusa intueri,
Sen. Const. Sap. 13, 1.—(Effundo, I. B. 2.) Spread out, extensive, vast, broad, wide (not freq. till after the Aug. per.).— Lit.1.In gen.:2.effusumque corpus,
Lucr. 3, 113; cf.:late mare,
Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 26:loca,
Tac. G. 30:effusissimus Hadriatici maris sinus,
Vell. 2, 43:incendium,
Liv. 30, 5; cf.caedes,
id. 42, 65:cursus,
id. 2, 50; Plin. 9, 33, 52, § 102:membra,
i. e. full, plump, Stat. Th. 6, 841.—Esp., relaxed, slackened, loosened, dishevelled:3.habenis,
Front. Strat. 2, 5, 31; cf.:quam posset effusissimis habenis,
Liv. 37, 20:comae,
Ov. H. 7, 70; id. Am. 1, 9, 38 et saep.; cf.also transf.: (nymphae) caesariem effusae nitidam per candida colla,
Verg. G. 4, 337.—Of soldiers or a throng of people, etc., straggling, disorderly, scattered, dispersed:III.effusum agmen ducit,
Liv. 21, 25, 8:aciem,
Luc. 4, 743:huc omnis turba effusa ruebat,
Verg. A. 6, 305:sine armis effusi in armatos incidere hostis,
Liv. 30, 5, 8.—Trop.1.Profuse, prodigal, lavish:2.quis in largitione effusior?
Cic. Cael. 6, 13:munificentiae effusissimus,
Vell. 2, 41.—Extravagant, immoderate:1. a.licentia,
Liv. 44, 1; cf.laetitia,
id. 35, 43 fin.:cursus,
Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 11 et saep.— Comp.:cultus in verbis,
Quint. 3, 8, 58.— Sup.:laudationes,
Petr. 48, 7:studium,
Suet. Ner. 40.— Adv.: effūse.In gen.:b.ire,
Sall. J. 105, 3; cf.fugere,
Liv. 3, 22; 40, 48:persequi,
id. 43, 23; Curt. 9, 8:vastare,
Liv. 1, 10; 44, 30; cf.:effusius praedari,
id. 34, 16 et saep.: spatium annale effuse interpretari. in a wide sense, Cod. Just. 7, 40, 1. —Esp., profusely, lavishly:2.large effuseque donare,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 8 fin.; cf.vivere,
id. Cael. 16 fin.: liberalem esse, Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 71:affluant opes,
Liv. 3, 26. —In the comp., Tac. A. 4, 62.—(Acc. to II.) Extravagantly, immoderately:cum inaniter et effuse animus exsultat,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 13:amare,
Plin. Ep. 6, 26, 2.— Comp.:dicere,
Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 20:fovere,
id. ib. 7, 24, 4:excipere,
Suet. Ner. 22:favere,
Tac. H. 1, 19.— Sup.:diligere,
Plin. Ep. 7, 30, 1; id. Pan. 84, 4. -
12 frigidum
frīgĭdus, a, um, adj. [frigeo], cold, cool, chill, chilling (opp. calidus; syn.: gelidus, algidus, glacialis; corresp. in most of its senses to the Gr. psuchros).I.Lit.:2.calida et frigida, et amara et dulcia,
Cic. Rep. 3, 8 fin.:fons luce diurnā Frigidus, et calidus nocturno tempore,
Lucr. 6, 849:fons,
id. ib. 6, 873; 879; cf.:frigidior umor,
id. 6, 840; 844:nec ullum hoc frigidius flumen attigi,
Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 6:ut nec frigidior Thracam ambiat Hebrus,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 13:loca frigidissima,
Caes. B. G. 4, 1 fin.:rura,
Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 9:Praeneste,
id. C. 3, 4, 22:Tempe,
Verg. G. 2, 469:aquilo,
id. ib. 2, 404:aura,
Ov. Am. 2, 16, 36; cf.:manet sub Jove frigido Venator,
Hor. C. 1, 1, 25:umbra noctis,
Verg. E. 8, 14:caelum est hieme frigidum et gelidum,
cold and frosty, Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 4:frigidus aëra vesper Temperat,
Verg. G. 3, 336:frigidus latet anguis in herba,
id. E. 3, 93:anguis,
id. ib. 8, 71 (cf. psuchron ophin, Theogn. 602;Theocr. 15, 58): pellis duraque,
Lucr. 6, 1194:febris,
an ague, Plin. 26, 11, 71, § 289; so,quartana,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 290:fomenta,
id. Ep. 1, 3, 26.— Poet.:ille frigidas Noctes non sine multis Insomnis lacrimis agit,
i. e. without a bedfellow, lonely, Hor. C. 3, 7, 6:frigidus annus,
winter, Verg. A. 6, 311; Tib. 4, 8, 4 Huschke (al. amnis).—Prov.: aquam frigidam suffundere, to pour cold water over for to slander, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 37; v. suffundo.—As subst.a.frīgĭdum, i, n., the cold: obaequalitas ferventis ac frigidi, Apul. Dog. Plat. 1, p. 11, 24.— Plur.:b.frigida (opp. calida),
Ov. M. 1, 19.—frī-gĭda, ae, f. (sc. aqua), cold water (like calida or calda, ae, warm water):c.frigida lavare lubenter,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 1:frigidam bibere,
Cels. 1, 5:frigidam aegro dare,
Suet. Claud. 40:frigidā lavari,
Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 11:noxia ut frigidam febri,
Quint. 5, 11, 31.—In a contracted form: FRIDVM, i, n.: DA FRIDVM PVSILLVM, i. e. a little ice-water, Inscr. Pompej. in Mus. Borbon. IV. p. 5 (cf.:B.solve nives,
Mart. 5, 64).—In partic., cold, chilled, of a dead person, or one stiffened with fright (for the latter cf.:II.est et frigida multa, comes formidinis aura,
Lucr. 3, 290; poet.):illa (Eurydice) Stygiā nabat jam frigida cymbā,
Verg. G. 4, 506; Ov. M. 7, 136; also,transf.: Eurydicen vox ipsa et frigida lingua, Ah, miseram Eurydicen! anima fugiente vocabat,
Verg. G. 4, 525:membra nati,
Ov. M. 14, 743:mors,
Verg. A. 4, 385; Val. Fl. 5, 26; cf.:pausa vitaï,
Lucr. 3, 930:stricto Aesonides stans frigidus ense,
stiffened with fright, Val. Fl. 7, 530:miles nec frigidus aspicit hostem,
i. e. fearless, Sil. 9, 49; cf.:formidine turpi Frigida corda tremunt,
id. 2, 339:frigida mens criminibus,
Juv. 1, 166:mihi frigidus horror Membra quatit,
Verg. A. 3, 29.Trop.A.Without ardor or encrgy, cold, frigid, indifferent, inactive, remiss, indolent, feeble:B.nimis lentus in dicendo et paene frigidus,
Cic. Brut. 48, 178:accusatoribus frigidissimis utitur,
lukewarm, indolent, id. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 3:non frigida virgo,
i. e. glowing with love, Ov. Am. 2, 1, 5; cf.:frigidus aevo Laomedontiades,
Juv. 6, 325: (equus) Frigidus in Venerem senior, Verg. [p. 782] G. 3, 97:(Empedocles) ardentem Frigidus Aetnam Insiluit,
in cold blood, Hor. A. P. 465:in re frigidissima cales, in ferventissima friges,
Auct. Her. 4, 15, 21:frigidae litterae,
cold, frigid, Cic. Fam. 10, 16, 1:solacia,
Ov. P. 4, 2, 45; cf.cura,
Lucr. 4, 1060 (with which cf.:curarum frigus,
Ov. P. 3, 9, 25):frigida bello Dextera,
feeble, Verg. A. 11, 338:ensis,
inactive, idle, Luc. 5, 245; 7, 502:(apes) Contemnuntque favos et frigida tecta relinquunt,
i. e. not animated by labor, Verg. G. 4, 104 (cf. opp. fervet opus, id. ib. 169).—Without force or point, flat, insipid, dull, trivial, frigid, vain (syn.: jejunus, inanis;* C.opp. salsus, facetus, esp. in post-Aug. prose): cave in ista tam frigida, tam jejuna calumnia delitescas,
Cic. Caecin. 21, 61; cf.:haec aut frigida sunt, aut tum salsa, cum aliud est exspectatum,
id. de Or. 2, 64, 260:(sententias) dicere leves, frigidas ineptas,
Quint. 8, 5, 30:verba frigidiora vitare,
Cic. de Or. 2, 63, 256; cf. id. Or. 26, 89:frigidi et arcessiti joci,
Suet. Claud. 21; cf. Quint. 9, 3, 69:illud frigidum et inane,
id. 10, 2, 17:illud apud Euripidem frigidum sane, quod, etc.,
id. 5, 10, 31:frigida et puerilis affectatio,
id. 4, 1, 77:frigida et inanis affectatio,
id. 7, 3, 74:genus acuminis in reprehendendis verbis, nonnumquam frigidum, interdum etiam facetum,
Cic. Brut. 67, 236:in salibus aliquando frigidus,
Quint. 12, 10, 12:dies frigidis rebus absumere,
Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 3:negotia,
id. ib. 9, 2, 1; cf.:omnia ista frigida et inania videntur,
id. ib. 4, 17, 4; Sen. de Ira, 2, 11.— With a subject-clause:leve ac frigidum sit his addere, quo propinquos amicosque pacto tractaverit,
Suet. Calig. 26.—With active meaning, causing cold or fright, frightening:1.frigidus a rostris manat per compita rumor,
Hor. S. 2, 6, 50.—Hence, adv.: frīgĭde (only acc. to II. and very rare; not in Cic.).Inactively, slowly, feebly: quae cupiunt, tamen ita frigide agunt, ut nolle existimentur, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 10, 3.—2.Flatly, trivially, insipidly, frigidly:verbis inepte et frigide uti,
Gell. 13, 24, 7;so with inaniter,
id. 7, 3, 43;with exigue, opp. graviter,
id. 19, 3, 1; cf.also: quae sunt dicta frigidius,
Quint. 6, 3, 4:transire in diversa subsellia, parum verecundum est... Et si aliquando concitate itur, numquam non frigide reditur,
i. e. in a silly, ridiculous manner, id. 11, 3, 133:tum ille infantem suam frigidissime reportavit,
id. 6, 1, 39. -
13 frigidus
frīgĭdus, a, um, adj. [frigeo], cold, cool, chill, chilling (opp. calidus; syn.: gelidus, algidus, glacialis; corresp. in most of its senses to the Gr. psuchros).I.Lit.:2.calida et frigida, et amara et dulcia,
Cic. Rep. 3, 8 fin.:fons luce diurnā Frigidus, et calidus nocturno tempore,
Lucr. 6, 849:fons,
id. ib. 6, 873; 879; cf.:frigidior umor,
id. 6, 840; 844:nec ullum hoc frigidius flumen attigi,
Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 6:ut nec frigidior Thracam ambiat Hebrus,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 13:loca frigidissima,
Caes. B. G. 4, 1 fin.:rura,
Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 9:Praeneste,
id. C. 3, 4, 22:Tempe,
Verg. G. 2, 469:aquilo,
id. ib. 2, 404:aura,
Ov. Am. 2, 16, 36; cf.:manet sub Jove frigido Venator,
Hor. C. 1, 1, 25:umbra noctis,
Verg. E. 8, 14:caelum est hieme frigidum et gelidum,
cold and frosty, Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 4:frigidus aëra vesper Temperat,
Verg. G. 3, 336:frigidus latet anguis in herba,
id. E. 3, 93:anguis,
id. ib. 8, 71 (cf. psuchron ophin, Theogn. 602;Theocr. 15, 58): pellis duraque,
Lucr. 6, 1194:febris,
an ague, Plin. 26, 11, 71, § 289; so,quartana,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 290:fomenta,
id. Ep. 1, 3, 26.— Poet.:ille frigidas Noctes non sine multis Insomnis lacrimis agit,
i. e. without a bedfellow, lonely, Hor. C. 3, 7, 6:frigidus annus,
winter, Verg. A. 6, 311; Tib. 4, 8, 4 Huschke (al. amnis).—Prov.: aquam frigidam suffundere, to pour cold water over for to slander, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 37; v. suffundo.—As subst.a.frīgĭdum, i, n., the cold: obaequalitas ferventis ac frigidi, Apul. Dog. Plat. 1, p. 11, 24.— Plur.:b.frigida (opp. calida),
Ov. M. 1, 19.—frī-gĭda, ae, f. (sc. aqua), cold water (like calida or calda, ae, warm water):c.frigida lavare lubenter,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 1:frigidam bibere,
Cels. 1, 5:frigidam aegro dare,
Suet. Claud. 40:frigidā lavari,
Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 11:noxia ut frigidam febri,
Quint. 5, 11, 31.—In a contracted form: FRIDVM, i, n.: DA FRIDVM PVSILLVM, i. e. a little ice-water, Inscr. Pompej. in Mus. Borbon. IV. p. 5 (cf.:B.solve nives,
Mart. 5, 64).—In partic., cold, chilled, of a dead person, or one stiffened with fright (for the latter cf.:II.est et frigida multa, comes formidinis aura,
Lucr. 3, 290; poet.):illa (Eurydice) Stygiā nabat jam frigida cymbā,
Verg. G. 4, 506; Ov. M. 7, 136; also,transf.: Eurydicen vox ipsa et frigida lingua, Ah, miseram Eurydicen! anima fugiente vocabat,
Verg. G. 4, 525:membra nati,
Ov. M. 14, 743:mors,
Verg. A. 4, 385; Val. Fl. 5, 26; cf.:pausa vitaï,
Lucr. 3, 930:stricto Aesonides stans frigidus ense,
stiffened with fright, Val. Fl. 7, 530:miles nec frigidus aspicit hostem,
i. e. fearless, Sil. 9, 49; cf.:formidine turpi Frigida corda tremunt,
id. 2, 339:frigida mens criminibus,
Juv. 1, 166:mihi frigidus horror Membra quatit,
Verg. A. 3, 29.Trop.A.Without ardor or encrgy, cold, frigid, indifferent, inactive, remiss, indolent, feeble:B.nimis lentus in dicendo et paene frigidus,
Cic. Brut. 48, 178:accusatoribus frigidissimis utitur,
lukewarm, indolent, id. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 3:non frigida virgo,
i. e. glowing with love, Ov. Am. 2, 1, 5; cf.:frigidus aevo Laomedontiades,
Juv. 6, 325: (equus) Frigidus in Venerem senior, Verg. [p. 782] G. 3, 97:(Empedocles) ardentem Frigidus Aetnam Insiluit,
in cold blood, Hor. A. P. 465:in re frigidissima cales, in ferventissima friges,
Auct. Her. 4, 15, 21:frigidae litterae,
cold, frigid, Cic. Fam. 10, 16, 1:solacia,
Ov. P. 4, 2, 45; cf.cura,
Lucr. 4, 1060 (with which cf.:curarum frigus,
Ov. P. 3, 9, 25):frigida bello Dextera,
feeble, Verg. A. 11, 338:ensis,
inactive, idle, Luc. 5, 245; 7, 502:(apes) Contemnuntque favos et frigida tecta relinquunt,
i. e. not animated by labor, Verg. G. 4, 104 (cf. opp. fervet opus, id. ib. 169).—Without force or point, flat, insipid, dull, trivial, frigid, vain (syn.: jejunus, inanis;* C.opp. salsus, facetus, esp. in post-Aug. prose): cave in ista tam frigida, tam jejuna calumnia delitescas,
Cic. Caecin. 21, 61; cf.:haec aut frigida sunt, aut tum salsa, cum aliud est exspectatum,
id. de Or. 2, 64, 260:(sententias) dicere leves, frigidas ineptas,
Quint. 8, 5, 30:verba frigidiora vitare,
Cic. de Or. 2, 63, 256; cf. id. Or. 26, 89:frigidi et arcessiti joci,
Suet. Claud. 21; cf. Quint. 9, 3, 69:illud frigidum et inane,
id. 10, 2, 17:illud apud Euripidem frigidum sane, quod, etc.,
id. 5, 10, 31:frigida et puerilis affectatio,
id. 4, 1, 77:frigida et inanis affectatio,
id. 7, 3, 74:genus acuminis in reprehendendis verbis, nonnumquam frigidum, interdum etiam facetum,
Cic. Brut. 67, 236:in salibus aliquando frigidus,
Quint. 12, 10, 12:dies frigidis rebus absumere,
Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 3:negotia,
id. ib. 9, 2, 1; cf.:omnia ista frigida et inania videntur,
id. ib. 4, 17, 4; Sen. de Ira, 2, 11.— With a subject-clause:leve ac frigidum sit his addere, quo propinquos amicosque pacto tractaverit,
Suet. Calig. 26.—With active meaning, causing cold or fright, frightening:1.frigidus a rostris manat per compita rumor,
Hor. S. 2, 6, 50.—Hence, adv.: frīgĭde (only acc. to II. and very rare; not in Cic.).Inactively, slowly, feebly: quae cupiunt, tamen ita frigide agunt, ut nolle existimentur, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 10, 3.—2.Flatly, trivially, insipidly, frigidly:verbis inepte et frigide uti,
Gell. 13, 24, 7;so with inaniter,
id. 7, 3, 43;with exigue, opp. graviter,
id. 19, 3, 1; cf.also: quae sunt dicta frigidius,
Quint. 6, 3, 4:transire in diversa subsellia, parum verecundum est... Et si aliquando concitate itur, numquam non frigide reditur,
i. e. in a silly, ridiculous manner, id. 11, 3, 133:tum ille infantem suam frigidissime reportavit,
id. 6, 1, 39. -
14 Liber
1.līber, ĕra, ĕrum (old form, loebesum et loebertatem antiqui dicebant liberum et libertatem. Ita Graeci loibên et leibein, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.; cf. 2. Liber), adj. [Gr. root liph-, liptô, to desire; cf. Sanscr. lub-dhas, desirous; Lat. libet, libido], that acts according to his own will and pleasure, is his own master; free, unrestricted, unrestrained, unimpeded, unshackled; independent, frank, open, bold (opp. servus, servilis).I.In gen.; constr. absol., with ab, the abl., and poet. also with gen.(α).Absol.:(β).dictum est ab eruditissimis viris, nisi sapientem liberum esse neminem. Quid est enim libertas? Potestas vivendi ut velis,
Cic. Par. 5, 1, 33:an ille mihi liber, cui mulier imperat, cui leges imponit, praescribit, jubet, vetat? etc.,
id. ib. 5, 2, 36:ad scribendi licentiam liber,
id. N. D. 1, 44, 123:agri immunes ac liberi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 166:integro animo ac libero causam defendere,
unprejudiced, unbiased, id. Sull. 31, 86:liberi ad causas solutique veniebant,
not under obligations, not bribed, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78 § 192; cf.:libera lingua,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 9:cor liberum,
id. Ep. 1, 2, 43:vocem liberam mittere adversus aliquem,
Liv. 35, 32, 6:libera verba animi proferre,
Juv. 4, 90: judicium [p. 1057] audientium relinquere integrum ac liberum, Cic. Div. 2, 72, 150:aliquid respuere ingenuo liberoque fastidio,
id. Brut. 67, 236:libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio,
id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:tibi uni vexatio direptioque sociorum impunita fuit ac libera,
id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:pars quaestionum vaga et libera et late patens,
id. de Or. 2, 16, 67:liberum arbitrium eis populo Romano permittente,
Liv. 31, 11 fin.; cf. id. 37, 1, 5:mandata,
full powers, unlimited authority, id. 37, 56; 38, 8:fenus,
unlimited, id. 35, 7: custodia, free custody (i. e. confinement to a house or to a town), id. 24, 45; Vell. 1, 11, 1;v. custodia, II.: legatio, v. legatio: suffragia,
the right of voting freely, Juv. 8, 211:locus,
free from intruders, undisturbed, secure, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 49; 3, 2, 25; id. Cas. 3, 2, 4: aedes, a free house, free dwelling (assigned to the use of ambassadors of friendly nations during their stay in Rome), Liv. 30, 17 fin.; 35, 23; 42, 6:lectulus,
i. e. not shared with a wife, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5: toga ( poet. for virilis toga), a man's (prop. of one who is his own master), Ov. F. 3, 771:vestis,
id. ib. 3, 777:libera omnia sibi servare,
to reserve to one's self full liberty, Plin. Ep. 1, 5.— Comp.:hoc liberiores et solutiores sumus, quod, etc.,
Cic. Ac. 2, 3, 8:est finitimus oratori poëta, numeris astrictior paulo, verborum licentia liberior,
id. de Or. 1, 16, 70:liberiores litterae,
id. Att. 1, 13, 1:amicitia remissior esse debet et liberior et dulcior,
freer, more unrestrained, more cheerful, id. Lael. 18 fin.:paulo liberior sententia,
Quint. 4, 2, 121:liberior in utramque partem disputatio,
id. 7, 2, 14:fusiores liberioresque numeri,
id. 9, 4, 130:officia liberiora plenioraque,
id. 6, 1, 9:(flumina) campo recepta Liberioris aquae,
freer, less impeded, Ov. M. 1, 41; cf.:(Tiberinus) campo liberiore natat,
freer, opener, id. F. 4, 292:liberiore frui caelo,
freer, opener, id. M. 15, 301.— Sup.:liberrimum hominum genus, comici veteres tradunt, etc.,
the frankest, most free-spoken, Quint. 12, 2, 22; cf.:liberrime Lolli,
most frank, most ingenuous, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1:indignatio,
id. Epod. 4, 10.—Free or exempt from, void of; with ab:(γ).Mamertini vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23; cf.:(consul) solutus a cupiditatibus, liber a delictis,
id. Agr. 1, 9, 27:ab observando homine perverso liber,
id. Att. 1, 13, 2:liber a tali irrisione Socrates, liber Aristo Chius,
id. Ac. 2, 39, 123:ab omni animi perturbatione liber,
id. Off. 1, 20, 67; id. N. D. 2, 21, 55:loca abdita et ab arbitris libera,
id. Att. 15, 16, B:libera a ferro crura,
Ov. P. 1, 6, 32:animus liber a partibus rei publicae,
Sall. C. 4.—With abl.:(δ).animus omni liber curā et angore,
free from, without, Cic. Fin. 1, 15:animus religione,
Liv. 2, 36:animus cogitationibus aliis,
Quint. 11, 2, 35:mens omnibus vitiis,
id. 12, 1, 4; cf.:liberis odio et gratia mentibus,
id. 5, 11, 37:omni liber metu,
Liv. 7, 34:liber invidia,
Quint. 12, 11, 7:equus carcere,
Ov. Am. 2, 9, 20.—With gen. ( poet.):(ε).liber laborum,
Hor. A. P. 212:fati gens Lydia,
Verg. A. 10, 154:curarum,
Luc. 4, 384. — Comp.:liberior campi,
having a wider space, Stat. S. 4, 2, 24.—Liberum est, with subject-clause:II.quam (opinionem) sequi magis probantibus liberum est,
it is free, permitted, allowable, Quint. 6, 3, 112; Plin. Ep. 1, 8:dies eligere certos liberum erat,
Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 16.—So in abl. absol.:libero, quid firmaret mutaretve,
Tac. A. 3, 60.In partic.A.Free, in a social point of view, not a slave (opp. servus;B.also to ingenuus): neque vendendam censes quae libera est,
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40; cf. id. ib. v. 28:dis habeo gratiam quom aliquot affuerunt liberae, because slaves were not permitted to testify,
id. And. 4, 4, 32; opp. ingenuus, free-born:quid ea? ingenuan' an festucā facta e servā liberast?
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 14:in jure civili, qui est matre liberā, liber est,
Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45; id. Caecin. 36, 96:si neque censu, neque vindictā, nec testamento liber factus est (servus), non est liber,
id. Top. 2, 10:quae (assentatio) non modo amico, sed ne libero quidem digna est,
of a freeman, id. Lael. 24, 89; Quint. 11, 1, 43:liberorum hominum alii ingenui sunt, alii libertini,
Gai. Inst. 1, 10; cf. sqq.: ex ancilla et libero jure gentium servus nascitur, id. ib. 1, 82; cf. § 85; Paul. Sent. 2, 24, 1 sqq.—Free, in a political point of view;C.said both of a people not under monarchical rule and of one not in subjection to another people,
Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48; cf.:ut ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum, sic hunc nimis liberum populum libertas ipsa servitute afficit,
id. ib. 1, 44, 68:liber populus,
id. ib. 3, 34, 46:(Demaratus) vir liber ac fortis,
democratic, republican, fond of liberty, id. ib. 2, 19, 34:civitates liberae atque immunes,
free from service, Liv. 37, 55:provinciae civitatesque liberae,
Suet. Vesp. 8:libera ac foederata oppida,
id. Calig. 3:Roma patrem patriae Ciceronem libera dixit,
Juv. 8, 244.—In a bad sense, esp. with reference to sensual pleasure, unbridled, unchecked, unrestrained, licentious:2.quam liber harum rerum multarum siet (Juppiter),
Plaut. Am. prol. 105:adulescens imprudens et liber,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 40; cf.:sit adulescentia liberior,
somewhat freer, Cic. Cael. 18, 42:amores soluti et liberi,
id. Rep. 4, 4, 4:consuetudo peccandi,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177.—Hence, adv.: lībĕrē, freely, unrestrictedly, without let or hinderance; frankly, openly, boldly:qui nihil dicit, nihil facit, nihil cogitat denique, nisi libenter ac libere,
Cic. Par. 5, 1, 34:animus somno relaxatus solute movetur et libere,
id. Div. 2, 48, 100:respirare,
id. Quint. 11, 39:constanter et libere (me gessi),
id. Att. 4, 16, 9:consilium dare,
id. Lael. 13, 44:aliquid magis accusatorie quam libere dixisse,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:omnia libere fingimus et impune,
Quint. 6, 1, 43:ut ingredi libere (oratio), non ut licenter videatur errare,
Cic. Or. 23, 77.— Comp.:liberius vivendi fuit potestas,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 23:loqui,
Cic. Planc. 13, 33:fortius liberiusque defendere,
Quint. 12, 1, 21:liberius si Dixero quid,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 103:maledicere,
id. ib. 2, 8, 37:longius et liberius exseritur digitus,
Quint. 11, 3, 92; cf. id. 11, 3, 97:ipsaque tellus Omnia liberius, nullo poscente, ferebat,
freely, of itself, spontaneously, Verg. G. 1, 127.līber, ĕri ( gen. plur. liberūm, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 9; Turp. ap. Non. 495, 26; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; 2, 1, 30, § 77; Tac. A. 2, 38; 3, 25 saep.; cf. Cic. Or. 46, 155;I.but also: liberorum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 76; 2, 5, 42, § 109), m. [1. liber], a child.Sing. (post-class. and rare):II.si quis maximam portionem libero relinquat,
Cod. Just. 3, 28, 33; 5, 9, 8 fin.; Quint. Decl. 2, 8.—Plur., children (freq.; but in class. Lat. only of children with reference to their parents: pueri = children in general, as younger than adulescentes; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 657 sq.).A.Lit.: liberorum genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155 (Trag. v. 347 Vahl.): liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, id. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):2.cum conjugibus et liberis,
Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3:eum ex C. Fadii filiā liberos habuisse,
id. ib. 16, 11, 1:liberos procreare,
id. Tusc. 5, 37, 109:suscipere liberos,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 161:per liberos te precor,
Hor. Epod. 5, 5:dulces,
id. ib. 2, 40:parvuli,
Quint. 2, 15, 8;opp. parentes,
id. 11, 1, 82; 3, 7, 18; 26; 6, 1, 18; 6, 5 al.: mater quae liberos, quasi oculos (amisit), orba est, Sulp. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 182 Müll.: jus trium liberorum, under the emperors, a privilege enjoyed by those who had three legitimate children (it consisted in the permission to fill a public office before one's twenty-fifth year, and in freedom from personal burdens); this privilege was sometimes also bestowed on those who had fewer than three children, or even none at all; also of one child:non est sine liberis, cui vel unus filius unave filia est,
Dig. 50, 16, 148; Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 6; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 99; id. And. 5, 3, 20; Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 2; id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; id. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; ib. 30, § 76 Zumpt; cf. also Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:neque ejus legendam filiam (virginem Vestalem)... qui liberos tres haberet,
Gell. 1, 12, 8:uxores duxerant, ex quibus plerique liberos habebant,
Caes. B. C. 3, 110, 2.—Of grandchildren and great-grandchildren:liberorum appellatione nepotes et pronepotes ceterique qui ex his descendunt, continentur,
Dig. 50, 16, 220; cf.:liberi usque ad trinepotem, ultra hos posteriores vocantur,
ib. 38, 10, 10, § 7:habitus sis in liberum loco,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40.—Esp.(α).Of sons (opp. daughters):(β).procreavit liberos septem totidemque filias,
Hyg. Fab. 9.—Of children in gen. = pueri:B.praecepta Chrysippi de liberorum educatione,
Quint. 1, 11, 17; cf.: Catus aut de liberis educandis, the title of a book by Varro, v. Gell. 4, 19, 2; Macr. S. 3, 6, 5.—Transf., of animals, young:3.liberis orbas oves,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 38.—Comically:quaerunt litterae hae sibi liberos: alia aliam scandit,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 23.Līber, ĕri (Sabine collat. form, loebasius, acc. to Serv. Verg. G. 1, 7; cf. 1. liber, and libertas init.), m. [Gr. leibô, to pour; loibê, a drink - offering; Lat. libare], an old Italian deity, who presided over planting and fructification; afterwards identified with the Greek Bacchus:B.hunc dico Liberum Semelā natum, non eum, quem nostri majores auguste sancteque Liberum cum Cerere et Libera consecraverunt. Sed quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera: quod in Libera servant, in Libero non item,
Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 5; Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:tertio (invocabo) Cererem et Liberum, quod horum fructus maxime necessarii ad victum: ab his enim cibus et potio venit e fundo,
Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 5:Liber et alma Ceres,
Verg. G. 1, 7:ex aede Liberi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 128;in a pun with 1. liber,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 46; cf. id. Curc. 1, 2, 21; id. Stich. 5, 4, 17; so in a pun with liber, free:quiaque adeo me complevi flore Liberi, Magis libera uti lingua collibitum est mihi,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 8; cf.:salve, anime mi, lepos Liberi, ut veteris ego sum cupida, etc.,
id. Curc. 1, 2, 3.— Connected with pater:sic factum, ut Libero patri repertori vitis hirci immolarentur,
Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 19:Romulus et Liber pater,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 5:per vestigia Liberi patris,
Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 39:patre favente Libero fetis palmitibus,
Col. 3, 21, 3:Libero patri in monte res divina celebratur,
Macr. S. 1, 18, 4.—Meton., wine:4. I.illud, quod erat a deo donatum, nomine ipsius dei nuncupabant: ut cum fruges Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Liberum: ex quo illud Terentii (Eun. 4, 5, 6): sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60:Liberum et Cererem pro vino et pane,
Quint. 8, 6, 24; cf. also Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 4 supra:sed pressum Calibus ducere Liberum Si gestis, etc.,
Hor. C. 4, 12, 14:condita cum verax aperit praecordia Liber,
id. S. 1, 4, 89.Lit.A.In gen.:B.obducuntur libro aut cortice trunci,
Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120:colligatae libris (arundines),
Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 4:udoque docent (germen) inolescere libro,
Verg. G. 2, 77:natam libro et silvestri subere clausam,
id. A. 11, 554; id. E. 10, 67:quam denso fascia libro,
Juv. 6, 263.—Esp., because the ancients used the bark or rind of trees to write upon; usually the thin rind of the Egyptian papyrus, on which the books of the Greeks and Romans were usually written (v. Dict. of Antiq. p. 587 sq.):II.antea non fuisse chartarum usum. In palmarum foliis primo scriptitatum, dein quarundam arborum libris,
Plin. 13, 11, 21, § 69.—Hence,Transf.A.Paper, parchment, or rolls of any substance used to write upon (cf.:B.charta, membrana): quasi quom in libro scribuntur calamo litterae,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 131.—Most freq. a book, work, treatise:C.Demetrii liber de concordia,
Cic. Att. 8, 12, 6:quas (sententias) hoc libro exposui,
id. Lael. 1, 3; cf. id. ib. 1, 5:dixi in eo libro, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,
id. de Sen. 15, 54:libros pervolutare,
id. Att. 5, 12, 2:evolvere,
id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24:volvere,
id. Brut. 87, 298:legere,
id. Fam. 6, 6, 8:edere,
id. Fat. 1, 1:libri confectio,
id. de Sen. 1, 1:tempus ad libros vacuum,
id. Rep. 1, 9, 14:cujus (Platonis) in libris,
id. ib. 1, 10, 16:in Graecorum libris,
id. ib. 2, 11, 21:librum, si malus est, nequeo laudare,
Juv. 3, 41:actorum libri,
the official gazette, id. 9, 84; cf. 2, 136; and v. Dict. Antiq. s. v. Acta.—In partic.1.A division of a work a look:2.tres libri perfecti sunt de Natura Deorum,
Cic. Div. 2, 1, 3:hi tres libri (de Officiis),
id. Off. 3, 33, 121:sermo in novem libros distributus,
id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 1:dictum est in libro superiore,
id. Off. 2, 13, 43 [p. 1058] sicut superiore libro continetur, Quint. 11, 1, 1:versus de libro Ennii annali sexto,
id. 6, 3, 86:liber primus, secundus, tertius, etc.,
id. 8, 1, 2; 10, 2, 20; 11, 1, 4 al. —Sometimes, in this latter case, liber is omitted:in T. Livii primo,
Quint. 9, 2, 37:in tertio de Oratore,
id. 9, 1, 26:legi tuum nuper quartum de Finibus,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32.—In relig. or pub. law lang., a religious book, scriptures; a statute - book, code:D.decemviris adire libros jussis,
i. e. the Sibylline books, Liv. 34, 55; 21, 62; 25, 12:se cum legeret libros, recordatum esse, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:ut in libris est Etruscorum,
id. Div. 2, 23, 50; id. Att. 9, 9, 3:caerimoniarum,
rituals, Tac. A. 3, 38.—A list, catalogue, register, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167.—E.A letter, epistle, Nep. Lys. 4, 2; Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 5.—F.A rescript, decree (post-Aug.):liber principis severus et tamen moderatus,
Plin. Ep. 5, 14, 8. -
15 liber
1.līber, ĕra, ĕrum (old form, loebesum et loebertatem antiqui dicebant liberum et libertatem. Ita Graeci loibên et leibein, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.; cf. 2. Liber), adj. [Gr. root liph-, liptô, to desire; cf. Sanscr. lub-dhas, desirous; Lat. libet, libido], that acts according to his own will and pleasure, is his own master; free, unrestricted, unrestrained, unimpeded, unshackled; independent, frank, open, bold (opp. servus, servilis).I.In gen.; constr. absol., with ab, the abl., and poet. also with gen.(α).Absol.:(β).dictum est ab eruditissimis viris, nisi sapientem liberum esse neminem. Quid est enim libertas? Potestas vivendi ut velis,
Cic. Par. 5, 1, 33:an ille mihi liber, cui mulier imperat, cui leges imponit, praescribit, jubet, vetat? etc.,
id. ib. 5, 2, 36:ad scribendi licentiam liber,
id. N. D. 1, 44, 123:agri immunes ac liberi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 166:integro animo ac libero causam defendere,
unprejudiced, unbiased, id. Sull. 31, 86:liberi ad causas solutique veniebant,
not under obligations, not bribed, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78 § 192; cf.:libera lingua,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 9:cor liberum,
id. Ep. 1, 2, 43:vocem liberam mittere adversus aliquem,
Liv. 35, 32, 6:libera verba animi proferre,
Juv. 4, 90: judicium [p. 1057] audientium relinquere integrum ac liberum, Cic. Div. 2, 72, 150:aliquid respuere ingenuo liberoque fastidio,
id. Brut. 67, 236:libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio,
id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:tibi uni vexatio direptioque sociorum impunita fuit ac libera,
id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:pars quaestionum vaga et libera et late patens,
id. de Or. 2, 16, 67:liberum arbitrium eis populo Romano permittente,
Liv. 31, 11 fin.; cf. id. 37, 1, 5:mandata,
full powers, unlimited authority, id. 37, 56; 38, 8:fenus,
unlimited, id. 35, 7: custodia, free custody (i. e. confinement to a house or to a town), id. 24, 45; Vell. 1, 11, 1;v. custodia, II.: legatio, v. legatio: suffragia,
the right of voting freely, Juv. 8, 211:locus,
free from intruders, undisturbed, secure, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 49; 3, 2, 25; id. Cas. 3, 2, 4: aedes, a free house, free dwelling (assigned to the use of ambassadors of friendly nations during their stay in Rome), Liv. 30, 17 fin.; 35, 23; 42, 6:lectulus,
i. e. not shared with a wife, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5: toga ( poet. for virilis toga), a man's (prop. of one who is his own master), Ov. F. 3, 771:vestis,
id. ib. 3, 777:libera omnia sibi servare,
to reserve to one's self full liberty, Plin. Ep. 1, 5.— Comp.:hoc liberiores et solutiores sumus, quod, etc.,
Cic. Ac. 2, 3, 8:est finitimus oratori poëta, numeris astrictior paulo, verborum licentia liberior,
id. de Or. 1, 16, 70:liberiores litterae,
id. Att. 1, 13, 1:amicitia remissior esse debet et liberior et dulcior,
freer, more unrestrained, more cheerful, id. Lael. 18 fin.:paulo liberior sententia,
Quint. 4, 2, 121:liberior in utramque partem disputatio,
id. 7, 2, 14:fusiores liberioresque numeri,
id. 9, 4, 130:officia liberiora plenioraque,
id. 6, 1, 9:(flumina) campo recepta Liberioris aquae,
freer, less impeded, Ov. M. 1, 41; cf.:(Tiberinus) campo liberiore natat,
freer, opener, id. F. 4, 292:liberiore frui caelo,
freer, opener, id. M. 15, 301.— Sup.:liberrimum hominum genus, comici veteres tradunt, etc.,
the frankest, most free-spoken, Quint. 12, 2, 22; cf.:liberrime Lolli,
most frank, most ingenuous, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1:indignatio,
id. Epod. 4, 10.—Free or exempt from, void of; with ab:(γ).Mamertini vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23; cf.:(consul) solutus a cupiditatibus, liber a delictis,
id. Agr. 1, 9, 27:ab observando homine perverso liber,
id. Att. 1, 13, 2:liber a tali irrisione Socrates, liber Aristo Chius,
id. Ac. 2, 39, 123:ab omni animi perturbatione liber,
id. Off. 1, 20, 67; id. N. D. 2, 21, 55:loca abdita et ab arbitris libera,
id. Att. 15, 16, B:libera a ferro crura,
Ov. P. 1, 6, 32:animus liber a partibus rei publicae,
Sall. C. 4.—With abl.:(δ).animus omni liber curā et angore,
free from, without, Cic. Fin. 1, 15:animus religione,
Liv. 2, 36:animus cogitationibus aliis,
Quint. 11, 2, 35:mens omnibus vitiis,
id. 12, 1, 4; cf.:liberis odio et gratia mentibus,
id. 5, 11, 37:omni liber metu,
Liv. 7, 34:liber invidia,
Quint. 12, 11, 7:equus carcere,
Ov. Am. 2, 9, 20.—With gen. ( poet.):(ε).liber laborum,
Hor. A. P. 212:fati gens Lydia,
Verg. A. 10, 154:curarum,
Luc. 4, 384. — Comp.:liberior campi,
having a wider space, Stat. S. 4, 2, 24.—Liberum est, with subject-clause:II.quam (opinionem) sequi magis probantibus liberum est,
it is free, permitted, allowable, Quint. 6, 3, 112; Plin. Ep. 1, 8:dies eligere certos liberum erat,
Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 16.—So in abl. absol.:libero, quid firmaret mutaretve,
Tac. A. 3, 60.In partic.A.Free, in a social point of view, not a slave (opp. servus;B.also to ingenuus): neque vendendam censes quae libera est,
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40; cf. id. ib. v. 28:dis habeo gratiam quom aliquot affuerunt liberae, because slaves were not permitted to testify,
id. And. 4, 4, 32; opp. ingenuus, free-born:quid ea? ingenuan' an festucā facta e servā liberast?
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 14:in jure civili, qui est matre liberā, liber est,
Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45; id. Caecin. 36, 96:si neque censu, neque vindictā, nec testamento liber factus est (servus), non est liber,
id. Top. 2, 10:quae (assentatio) non modo amico, sed ne libero quidem digna est,
of a freeman, id. Lael. 24, 89; Quint. 11, 1, 43:liberorum hominum alii ingenui sunt, alii libertini,
Gai. Inst. 1, 10; cf. sqq.: ex ancilla et libero jure gentium servus nascitur, id. ib. 1, 82; cf. § 85; Paul. Sent. 2, 24, 1 sqq.—Free, in a political point of view;C.said both of a people not under monarchical rule and of one not in subjection to another people,
Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48; cf.:ut ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum, sic hunc nimis liberum populum libertas ipsa servitute afficit,
id. ib. 1, 44, 68:liber populus,
id. ib. 3, 34, 46:(Demaratus) vir liber ac fortis,
democratic, republican, fond of liberty, id. ib. 2, 19, 34:civitates liberae atque immunes,
free from service, Liv. 37, 55:provinciae civitatesque liberae,
Suet. Vesp. 8:libera ac foederata oppida,
id. Calig. 3:Roma patrem patriae Ciceronem libera dixit,
Juv. 8, 244.—In a bad sense, esp. with reference to sensual pleasure, unbridled, unchecked, unrestrained, licentious:2.quam liber harum rerum multarum siet (Juppiter),
Plaut. Am. prol. 105:adulescens imprudens et liber,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 40; cf.:sit adulescentia liberior,
somewhat freer, Cic. Cael. 18, 42:amores soluti et liberi,
id. Rep. 4, 4, 4:consuetudo peccandi,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177.—Hence, adv.: lībĕrē, freely, unrestrictedly, without let or hinderance; frankly, openly, boldly:qui nihil dicit, nihil facit, nihil cogitat denique, nisi libenter ac libere,
Cic. Par. 5, 1, 34:animus somno relaxatus solute movetur et libere,
id. Div. 2, 48, 100:respirare,
id. Quint. 11, 39:constanter et libere (me gessi),
id. Att. 4, 16, 9:consilium dare,
id. Lael. 13, 44:aliquid magis accusatorie quam libere dixisse,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:omnia libere fingimus et impune,
Quint. 6, 1, 43:ut ingredi libere (oratio), non ut licenter videatur errare,
Cic. Or. 23, 77.— Comp.:liberius vivendi fuit potestas,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 23:loqui,
Cic. Planc. 13, 33:fortius liberiusque defendere,
Quint. 12, 1, 21:liberius si Dixero quid,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 103:maledicere,
id. ib. 2, 8, 37:longius et liberius exseritur digitus,
Quint. 11, 3, 92; cf. id. 11, 3, 97:ipsaque tellus Omnia liberius, nullo poscente, ferebat,
freely, of itself, spontaneously, Verg. G. 1, 127.līber, ĕri ( gen. plur. liberūm, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 9; Turp. ap. Non. 495, 26; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; 2, 1, 30, § 77; Tac. A. 2, 38; 3, 25 saep.; cf. Cic. Or. 46, 155;I.but also: liberorum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 76; 2, 5, 42, § 109), m. [1. liber], a child.Sing. (post-class. and rare):II.si quis maximam portionem libero relinquat,
Cod. Just. 3, 28, 33; 5, 9, 8 fin.; Quint. Decl. 2, 8.—Plur., children (freq.; but in class. Lat. only of children with reference to their parents: pueri = children in general, as younger than adulescentes; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 657 sq.).A.Lit.: liberorum genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155 (Trag. v. 347 Vahl.): liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, id. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):2.cum conjugibus et liberis,
Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3:eum ex C. Fadii filiā liberos habuisse,
id. ib. 16, 11, 1:liberos procreare,
id. Tusc. 5, 37, 109:suscipere liberos,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 161:per liberos te precor,
Hor. Epod. 5, 5:dulces,
id. ib. 2, 40:parvuli,
Quint. 2, 15, 8;opp. parentes,
id. 11, 1, 82; 3, 7, 18; 26; 6, 1, 18; 6, 5 al.: mater quae liberos, quasi oculos (amisit), orba est, Sulp. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 182 Müll.: jus trium liberorum, under the emperors, a privilege enjoyed by those who had three legitimate children (it consisted in the permission to fill a public office before one's twenty-fifth year, and in freedom from personal burdens); this privilege was sometimes also bestowed on those who had fewer than three children, or even none at all; also of one child:non est sine liberis, cui vel unus filius unave filia est,
Dig. 50, 16, 148; Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 6; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 99; id. And. 5, 3, 20; Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 2; id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; id. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; ib. 30, § 76 Zumpt; cf. also Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:neque ejus legendam filiam (virginem Vestalem)... qui liberos tres haberet,
Gell. 1, 12, 8:uxores duxerant, ex quibus plerique liberos habebant,
Caes. B. C. 3, 110, 2.—Of grandchildren and great-grandchildren:liberorum appellatione nepotes et pronepotes ceterique qui ex his descendunt, continentur,
Dig. 50, 16, 220; cf.:liberi usque ad trinepotem, ultra hos posteriores vocantur,
ib. 38, 10, 10, § 7:habitus sis in liberum loco,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40.—Esp.(α).Of sons (opp. daughters):(β).procreavit liberos septem totidemque filias,
Hyg. Fab. 9.—Of children in gen. = pueri:B.praecepta Chrysippi de liberorum educatione,
Quint. 1, 11, 17; cf.: Catus aut de liberis educandis, the title of a book by Varro, v. Gell. 4, 19, 2; Macr. S. 3, 6, 5.—Transf., of animals, young:3.liberis orbas oves,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 38.—Comically:quaerunt litterae hae sibi liberos: alia aliam scandit,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 23.Līber, ĕri (Sabine collat. form, loebasius, acc. to Serv. Verg. G. 1, 7; cf. 1. liber, and libertas init.), m. [Gr. leibô, to pour; loibê, a drink - offering; Lat. libare], an old Italian deity, who presided over planting and fructification; afterwards identified with the Greek Bacchus:B.hunc dico Liberum Semelā natum, non eum, quem nostri majores auguste sancteque Liberum cum Cerere et Libera consecraverunt. Sed quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera: quod in Libera servant, in Libero non item,
Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 5; Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:tertio (invocabo) Cererem et Liberum, quod horum fructus maxime necessarii ad victum: ab his enim cibus et potio venit e fundo,
Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 5:Liber et alma Ceres,
Verg. G. 1, 7:ex aede Liberi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 128;in a pun with 1. liber,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 46; cf. id. Curc. 1, 2, 21; id. Stich. 5, 4, 17; so in a pun with liber, free:quiaque adeo me complevi flore Liberi, Magis libera uti lingua collibitum est mihi,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 8; cf.:salve, anime mi, lepos Liberi, ut veteris ego sum cupida, etc.,
id. Curc. 1, 2, 3.— Connected with pater:sic factum, ut Libero patri repertori vitis hirci immolarentur,
Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 19:Romulus et Liber pater,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 5:per vestigia Liberi patris,
Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 39:patre favente Libero fetis palmitibus,
Col. 3, 21, 3:Libero patri in monte res divina celebratur,
Macr. S. 1, 18, 4.—Meton., wine:4. I.illud, quod erat a deo donatum, nomine ipsius dei nuncupabant: ut cum fruges Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Liberum: ex quo illud Terentii (Eun. 4, 5, 6): sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60:Liberum et Cererem pro vino et pane,
Quint. 8, 6, 24; cf. also Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 4 supra:sed pressum Calibus ducere Liberum Si gestis, etc.,
Hor. C. 4, 12, 14:condita cum verax aperit praecordia Liber,
id. S. 1, 4, 89.Lit.A.In gen.:B.obducuntur libro aut cortice trunci,
Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120:colligatae libris (arundines),
Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 4:udoque docent (germen) inolescere libro,
Verg. G. 2, 77:natam libro et silvestri subere clausam,
id. A. 11, 554; id. E. 10, 67:quam denso fascia libro,
Juv. 6, 263.—Esp., because the ancients used the bark or rind of trees to write upon; usually the thin rind of the Egyptian papyrus, on which the books of the Greeks and Romans were usually written (v. Dict. of Antiq. p. 587 sq.):II.antea non fuisse chartarum usum. In palmarum foliis primo scriptitatum, dein quarundam arborum libris,
Plin. 13, 11, 21, § 69.—Hence,Transf.A.Paper, parchment, or rolls of any substance used to write upon (cf.:B.charta, membrana): quasi quom in libro scribuntur calamo litterae,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 131.—Most freq. a book, work, treatise:C.Demetrii liber de concordia,
Cic. Att. 8, 12, 6:quas (sententias) hoc libro exposui,
id. Lael. 1, 3; cf. id. ib. 1, 5:dixi in eo libro, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,
id. de Sen. 15, 54:libros pervolutare,
id. Att. 5, 12, 2:evolvere,
id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24:volvere,
id. Brut. 87, 298:legere,
id. Fam. 6, 6, 8:edere,
id. Fat. 1, 1:libri confectio,
id. de Sen. 1, 1:tempus ad libros vacuum,
id. Rep. 1, 9, 14:cujus (Platonis) in libris,
id. ib. 1, 10, 16:in Graecorum libris,
id. ib. 2, 11, 21:librum, si malus est, nequeo laudare,
Juv. 3, 41:actorum libri,
the official gazette, id. 9, 84; cf. 2, 136; and v. Dict. Antiq. s. v. Acta.—In partic.1.A division of a work a look:2.tres libri perfecti sunt de Natura Deorum,
Cic. Div. 2, 1, 3:hi tres libri (de Officiis),
id. Off. 3, 33, 121:sermo in novem libros distributus,
id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 1:dictum est in libro superiore,
id. Off. 2, 13, 43 [p. 1058] sicut superiore libro continetur, Quint. 11, 1, 1:versus de libro Ennii annali sexto,
id. 6, 3, 86:liber primus, secundus, tertius, etc.,
id. 8, 1, 2; 10, 2, 20; 11, 1, 4 al. —Sometimes, in this latter case, liber is omitted:in T. Livii primo,
Quint. 9, 2, 37:in tertio de Oratore,
id. 9, 1, 26:legi tuum nuper quartum de Finibus,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32.—In relig. or pub. law lang., a religious book, scriptures; a statute - book, code:D.decemviris adire libros jussis,
i. e. the Sibylline books, Liv. 34, 55; 21, 62; 25, 12:se cum legeret libros, recordatum esse, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:ut in libris est Etruscorum,
id. Div. 2, 23, 50; id. Att. 9, 9, 3:caerimoniarum,
rituals, Tac. A. 3, 38.—A list, catalogue, register, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167.—E.A letter, epistle, Nep. Lys. 4, 2; Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 5.—F.A rescript, decree (post-Aug.):liber principis severus et tamen moderatus,
Plin. Ep. 5, 14, 8. -
16 sincerus
sincērus, a, um, adj. [sin- = sim-, v. simplex; root in Sanscr. sama, whole, together; and root skir-, Sanscr. kir-, pour out], clean, pure, sound, not spoiled, uninjured, whole, entire, real, natural, genuine, sincere (class.; esp. freq. in the trop. sense; cf.: simplex, verus, incorruptus).I.Lit.:* b.omnia fucata et simulata a sinceris atque veris (internoscere),
Cic. Lael. 25, 95:aliquem ab omni incommodo, detrimento, molestiā sincerum integrumque conservare,
unharmed, unhurt, id. Fam. 13, 50, 2:corpus (with sine vulnere),
Ov. M. 12, 100; cf.pars,
id. ib. 1, 191:membra,
Lucr. 3, 717:porci sacres,
sound, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 16; cf. in comp.: cum jam me sinceriore corpusculo factum diceret (medicus), Gell. 18, 10, 4: sincerum tergum... corium sincerissimum, clear (of weals), Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 51 sq.; cf.so, corium,
id. Most. 4, 1, 13:vas,
clean, Hor. S. 1, 3, 56; id. Ep. 1, 2, 54:ex amphorā primum quod est sincerissimum effluit,
Sen. Ep. 108, 26:lac,
Col. 7, 8, 1; so,Amineum,
id. 12, 47, 6:crocus,
Plin. 21, 6, 17, § 32:axungia,
id. 28, 9, 37, § 135:gemma (opp. sordium plena),
id. 37, 8, 33, § 110:propria et sincera et tantum sui similis gens,
unmixed, pure, Tac. G. 4; so,populus,
id. H. 4, 64 fin.; Suet. Aug. 40:nobilitas,
Liv. 4, 4, 7:nitor,
Sen. Ep. 66, 46.— Comp.: lux sincerior, App. de Mundo, p. 58, 29.—Sincerum, adverb.:II.non sincerum sonĕre,
that it does not ring clearly, is not genuine, Lucr. 3, 873.—Trop.:a.Atheniensium semper fuit prudens sincerumque judicium,
sound, uncorrupted, Cic. Or. 8, 25:nihil erat in ejus (Cottae) oratione nisi sincerum,
id. Brut. 55, 202; cf.:esse videtur Homeri (versus) simplicior et sincerior,
Gell. 13, 26, 3; so,sincera gratia sermonis Attici,
Quint. 10, 1, 65:sincera et integra natura,
Tac. Or. 28 fin.:animus,
Sen. Cons. Helv. 11, 6:vir,
id. Ep. 73, 4:opiniones,
id. ib. 94, 68:Minerva,
pure, chaste, Ov. M. 8, 664:sincerum equestre proelium,
unmixed, pure, Liv. 30, 11:non sincerum gaudium praebere,
not unmixed, not undisturbed, id. 34, 41; so,gaudium,
id. 44, 44:gaudium sincerius,
Just. 10, 1, 3:voluptas,
Ov. M. 7, 453:fama,
unblemished, Gell. 6, 8, 5:Thucydides rerum gestarum pronunciator sincerus,
honest, candid, upright, Cic. Brut. 83, 287; cf.:Fabii Annales, bonae atque sincerae vetustatis libri,
Gell. 5, 4, 1.— Sup.:Q. Claudius optimus et sincerissimus scriptor,
Gell. 15, 1, 4:verus atque sincerus Stoicus,
id. 1, 2, 7 et saep.:mirabilia multa, nihil simplex, nihil sincerum,
natural, genuine, Cic. Att. 10, 6, 2:nihil est jam sanctum neque sincerum in civitate,
id. Quint. 1, 5:aliquid non sinceri,
id. Div. 2, 57, 118:fides,
Liv. 39, 2, 1:concordia,
Tac. A. 3, 64:caritas,
id. ib. 2, 42.—Hence, advv.sincērē, uprightly, honestly, well, frankly, sincerely: sincere dicere, * Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 97:* b.satin' ego oculis utilitatem obtineo sincere, an parum,
Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 28:sincere et ex animo dicere,
Cat. 109, 4: pronunciare, * Caes. B. G. 7, 20: agere, Attic. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 9:administrare provincias,
Val. Max. 2, 2, 8.— Comp., Gell. 6 (7), 3, 55.— Sup., Aug. Ep. ad Volus. 3 fin. — -
17 ἐράω
ἐράω (A), used in [voice] Act. only in [tense] pres. and [tense] impf. (which in Poetry are ἔραμαι, ἠράμην), [dialect] Ion. [full] ἐρέω Archil.25.3: [tense] impf.Aἤρων Hdt.9.108
, E.Fr. 161, Ar.Ach. 146:—[voice] Pass.,ἀντ-ερᾶται X.Smp.8.3
; opt.ἐρῷο Id.Hier.11.11
; inf.ἐρᾶσθαι Plu.Brut.29
, etc.; part. ἐρώμενος (v. infr.):— also [full] ἐράομαι, [ per.] 3sg.ἐρᾶται Plu.2.753b
, Philostr.Gym.48 ( ἐράασθε v. sub ἔραμαι): all other tenses will be found under ἔραμαι:—love, c. gen. pers., prop. of the sexual passion, to be in love with (οὐκ ἐρᾷ ἀδελφὸς ἀδελφῆς..οὐδὲ πατὴρ θυγατρός X.Cyr.5.1.10
),ἤρα τῆς..γυναικός Hdt. 9.108
, etc.: c. acc. cogn.,ἐρᾶν ἔρωτα E.Hipp.32
, Pl.Smp. 181b : abs., ἐρῶν a lover, v.l. in Pi.O.1.80 (pl.), S.Fr.149.8 (pl.); opp. the beloved one,Hdt.
3.31, S.E.P.3.196 ;[ὁ] ἐρώμενος X.Smp.8.36
, Pl.Phdr. 239a, cf. Ar.Eq. 737 (pl.); τὸν ἐρώμενον αὐτοῦ, Lat. delicias ejus, Arist.Pol. 1303b23.2 without sexual reference, love warmly, opp.φιλέω, οὐδ' ἤρα οὐδ' ἐφίλει Pl.Ly. 222a
:—and in [voice] Pass.,ὥστε οὐ μόνον φιλοῖο ἂν ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐρῷο X.Hier.11.11
, cf. Plu.Brut.29 ;κινεῖ [τὸ οὗ ἕνεκα] ὡς ἐρώμενον Arist.Metaph. 1072b3
.II c. gen. rei, love or desire passionately,τυραννίδος Archil.25.3
;τερπνότατον τοῦ τις ἐρᾷ τὸ τυχεῖν Thgn.256
;μάχης ἐρῶν A.Th. 392
; ;ἀμηχάνων ἐρᾷς S.Ant.90
;πατρίδος ἐρᾶν E. Ph. 359
;οὗ ἐπιθυμεῖ τε καὶ ἐρᾷ Pl.Smp. 200a
: and c. inf., desire to do, A.Fr.44.1 ;θανεῖν ἐρᾷ S.Ant. 220
;ἀποθανεῖν ἐρῶντες Hp. de Arte 7
; ;πληροῦσθαι Pl.Phlb. 35a
.------------------------------------ἐράω (B),A pour forth, vomit, ἐρᾶσαι· κενῶσαι, Hsch.: usu. in compds.,ἀπὸ σφαγὴν ἐρῶν A.Ag. 1599
, cf. ἀπ-, ἐξ-, κατ-, κατεξ-, μετ-, συν-εράω. -
18 profit
profit [pʀɔfi]masculine nouna. ( = gain) profitb. ( = avantage) benefit• tirer profit de [+ leçon, affaire] to benefit fromc. (locutions)► à profit• mettre à profit [+ idée, invention] to turn to account ; [+ temps libre] to make the most of► au profit de for ; ( = pour aider) in aid of* * *pʀɔfinom masculin1) ( avantage) benefit, advantagetirer profit de — to make the most of, to take advantage of
faire du profit — (colloq) [nourriture] to go a long way; [objet, appareil] to be good value
ce manteau m'a fait du profit — (colloq) I've had a lot of wear out of this coat
abandonner le charbon au profit du nucléaire — to drop coal in favour [BrE] of nuclear energy
mettre à profit — to make the most of [temps libre, stage]; to turn [something] to good account [situation]; to make good use of [idée, résultat]
2) ( gains) profit••il n'y a pas de petits profits — Proverbe look after the pennies and the pounds will look after themselves Proverbe GB, a dollar is a dollar US
* * *pʀɔfi nm1) (= avantage)mettre à profit [occasion] — to take advantage of, [connaissance, capacité] to turn to good account
2) COMMERCE, FINANCE profitLa société a fait des profits importants. — The company made significant profits.
profits et pertes COMMERCE — profit and loss
* * *profit nm1 ( avantage) benefit, advantage; faire qch avec profit to benefit from doing sth; vous consulterez ce guide avec profit you'll find this guide very useful; il a appliqué avec profit les nouvelles méthodes he's made good use of the new methods; tirer profit de to make the most of, to take advantage of; il a tiré profit de mes conseils he put my advice to good use; il n'a pas su tirer profit de ce qui lui est arrivé il y a deux ans he didn't learn from what happened to him two years ago; faire son profit de qch to use sth to one's advantage, to make use of sth; faire du profit○ [nourriture] to go a long way; [objet, appareil] to be good value; ce manteau m'a fait du profit○ I've had a lot of wear out of this coat; être d'un grand profit à qn to be of great benefit ou value to sb, to benefit sb greatly; ce stage linguistique leur a été d'un grand profit that language course has been of great benefit ou value to them, they got a lot out of that language course; pour le plus grand profit de to the great benefit of; trouver (son) profit à faire to find it to one's advantage to do; s'il le fait c'est qu'il y trouve son profit he's doing it because he gets something out of it; organiser un concert au profit des handicapés/de la recherche sur le cancer to organize a concert in aid of the handicapped/of cancer research; accusé d'espionnage au profit d'un pays étranger accused of spying for a foreign country; la réforme s'est faite au profit des grands propriétaires the reform benefited land owners; abandonner le charbon au profit du nucléaire to drop coal in favourGB of nuclear energy; le candidat de la majorité a perdu des voix au profit des écologistes the ruling party's candidate lost votes to the ecologists; tourner au profit de qn to work in sb's favourGB; mettre à profit to make the most of, to take advantage of [temps libre, stage]; to turn [sth] to good account ou to one's advantage [situation]; to make good use of [idée, découverte, résultat];2 Écon ( gains) profit; dégager des profits, faire des profits to make a profit; réaliser 10 millions de profit to make a profit of 10 million; profits illicites/illimités illicit/unlimited profits; profits pétroliers oil revenues; être une source de profit pour to be a source of wealth for.il n'y a pas de petits profits Prov look after the pennies and the pounds will look after themselves Prov GB, a penny saved is a penny earned Prov GB, a dollar is a dollar US.[prɔfi] nom masculinmettre quelque chose à profit to take advantage of ou to make the most of somethingil y a trouvé son profit, sinon il ne l'aurait pas fait he got something out of it otherwise he wouldn't have done itfaire ou réaliser des profits to make profits ou a profitle profit réalisé sur la vente de la propriété the return on ou the revenue from the sale of the propertyprofit brut/net gross/net profit————————au profit de locution prépositionnelleà son/mon seul profit for his/my sole benefit -
19 infundo
I.Lit.:B.aliquid in aliquod vas,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 25, 61:vinum reticulo aut cribro,
Sen. Ben. 7, 19:aliquid in nares,
Plin. 20, 17, 69, § 180:sine riguis mare in salinas infundentibus,
id. 31, 7, 39, § 81: rex Mithridates Aquilio duci capto aurum in os infudit, id. 33, 3, 14, § 48:animas formatae terrae,
Ov. M. 1, 364; Plin. 3, 1, 1, § 5: sibi resinam et nardum, to anoint one ' s self with, Auct. B. H. 33; Plin. 10, 46, 63, § 129.—Transf.1.Infundere alicui aliquid, to pour out for, to administer to, present to, lay before:2.alicui venenum,
Cic. Phil. 11, 6, 13:alicui poculum,
Hor. Epod. 5, 77:jumentis hordea,
Juv. 8, 154:(Neroni) totam tremuli frontem pulli,
id. 6, 616.—Esp., as a medicine, to administer to a person, for a disease:(aloë) dysenteriae infunditur,
Plin. 27, 4, 5, § 20:tenesmo et dysentericis,
id. 20, 21, 84, § 227.—With abl.:clystere,
Plin. 24, 9, 40, § 66.—To wet, moisten:3.olivam aceto non acerrimo,
Col. 12, 47:si uvam nimius imber infuderit,
Pall. 11, 9.—To pour out, cast, hurl anywhere:4.nimbum desuper alicui,
Verg. A. 4, 122:gemmas margaritasque mare littoribus infundit,
Curt. 8, 9:vim sagittarum ratibus,
id. 9, 7:agmen urbi,
Flor. 3, 21, 6:agmina infusa Graecis,
Curt. 5, 7, 1; cf. 7, 9, 8.—To mix itself, mingle with any thing:II.cum homines humiliores in alienum ejusdem nominis infunderentur genus,
Cic. Brut. 16, 62; id. Fam. 9, 15, 2.—Trop., to pour into, spread over, communicate, impart:A.orationem in aures tuas,
Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 355:aliquid ejusmodi auribus ejus,
Amm. 14, 9, 2:imperatoris auribus,
id. 15, 3, 5:magorum sensibus,
id. 23, 6, 33:per aures cantum,
Sil. 11, 433:vitia in civitatem,
Cic. Leg. 3, 14, 32:nihil ex illius animo quod semel esset infusum, umquam effluere potuisse,
id. de Or. 2, 47, 300:rebus lumen,
Sen. Hipp. 154:civitati detrimenta (acc. to others, infligere),
Just. 3, 5.— Hence, in-fūsus, a, um, P. a., poured over or into.Lit.:B.sucus infusus auribus,
Plin. 20, 8, 27, § 69:cinis in aurem,
id. 30, 3, 8, § 24:sucus per nares,
id. 25, 13, 92, § 144:vino,
drunk with wine, Macr. S. 7, 5:infusam vomitu egerere aquam,
swallowed, Curt. 7, 5, 8.—Transf., of things not fluid:nudos umeris infusa capillos,
falling down on, Ov. M. 7, 183:canitiem infuso pulvere foedans,
Cat. 64, 224:si qua concurrerat, obruebatur (navis) infuso igni,
Liv. 37, 30, 5:sole infuso (terris),
at daybreak, Verg. A. 9, 461:conjugis gremio,
resting on her bosom, id. ib. 8, 406:collo infusa amantis,
Ov. H. 2, 93:populus circo,
Verg. A. 5, 552:totamque infusa per artus Mens agitat molem,
id. ib. 6, 726:infusa tranquilla per aethera pace,
Sil. 7, 258:cera in eam formam gypsi infusa,
Plin. 35, 12, 4, § 153:imago senis cadaveri infusa,
Quint. 6, 1, 40. -
20 référence
référence [ʀefeʀɑ̃s]feminine noun• période/prix de référence reference period/price• servir de référence [chiffres, indice, taux] to be used as a benchmark ; [personne] to be a role model• il a un doctorat, c'est quand même une référence he has a doctorate which is not a bad recommendation* * *ʀefeʀɑ̃s
1.
1) ( renvoi) reference (à to)en or par référence à — in reference to
faire référence à — to refer to, to make reference to
2) ( modèle) (prime) examplelui? ce n'est pas une référence! — who, him? well, he's not much of an example!
3) ( identification) reference; ( numéro) reference number4) Linguistique reference
2.
réferences nom féminin pluriel (pour emploi, location) references* * *ʀefeʀɑ̃s1. nf1) (= mention, renvoi) reference2)3) (= produit) product, item2. références nfpl(= recommandations) reference sg* * *A nf1 ( renvoi) reference (à to); en or par référence à in reference to; faire référence à to refer to, to make reference to; les ouvrages cités en référence the works referred to;2 ( modèle) (prime) example; être cité comme la référence to be cited as prime example; lui? ce n'est pas une référence! who, him? well, he's not much of an example!; date/année de référence date/year of reference; point de référence point of reference, reference point; prix/livre de référence reference price/book; brut de référence base crude; produit de référence leading product;3 ( identification) reference; ( numéro) reference number; notre/votre référence our/your reference; notre catalogue compte 5 000 références bibliographiques there are 5,000 entries in our catalogueGB;4 Ling reference.[referɑ̃s] nom féminin1. [renvoi] reference‘référence à rappeler dans toute correspondance’ ‘reference number to be quoted when replying ou in all correspondence’3. [base d'évaluation] referenceun prix littéraire, c'est une référence a literary prize is a good recommendation for a bookfaire référence à to refer to, to make (a) reference to————————références nom féminin pluriel[pour un emploi - témoignages] references, credentials (figuré) ; [ - document] reference letter, testimonial‘sérieuses références exigées’ ‘good references required’————————de référence locution adjectivalereference (modificateur)
См. также в других словарях:
brut — brut, brute [ bryt ] adj. • XIIIe; lat. brutus 1 ♦ Vx Qui représente un état primitif, peu évolué ou inorganique. ⇒ grossier, rudimentaire. « C est ainsi que devaient naître ces âmes vivantes d une vie brute et bestiale » (Bossuet). 2 ♦ Mod. Qui… … Encyclopédie Universelle
brut — brut, brute (brut , bru t ; le t se prononce au masculin, même devant un mot commençant par une consonne ; il se prononce aussi au pluriel : des esprits brut ) adj. 1° Qui n a rien que de grossier et d informe, en parlant des animaux. • De… … Dictionnaire de la Langue Française d'Émile Littré
Brut Y Tywysogion — Le Brut y Tywysogion (ou La chronique des princes) est un recueil de chroniques médiévales en langue galloise, dont il existe plusieurs manuscrits, qui sont des traductions d un document latin qui a été perdu. C est une des plus importantes… … Wikipédia en Français
Brut y tywysogion — Le Brut y Tywysogion (ou La chronique des princes) est un recueil de chroniques médiévales en langue galloise, dont il existe plusieurs manuscrits, qui sont des traductions d un document latin qui a été perdu. C est une des plus importantes… … Wikipédia en Français
Brut y Tywysogion — Le Brut y Tywysogion (ou La chronique des princes) est un recueil de chroniques médiévales en langue galloise, dont il existe plusieurs manuscrits, qui sont des traductions d un document latin qui a été perdu. C est une des plus importantes… … Wikipédia en Français
Pour une généalogie de la morale — Généalogie de la morale La Généalogie de la morale. Un écrit polémique (Zur Genealogie der Moral. Eine Streitschrift) est une œuvre du philosophe Friedrich Nietzsche publiée en 1887. Elle se compose de trois dissertations : I. « Bon et… … Wikipédia en Français
Beton brut — Brutalisme Cet article fait partie de la série sur l Architecture moderne. École de Chicago Art nouveau Architecture futuriste Architecture constructiviste Mouvement moderne Arch … Wikipédia en Français
Taux brut de reproduction — Pour une génération de femmes, il s agit de la descendance finale obtenue en ne retenant que les enfants de sexe féminin. Cet effectif est corrigé de la mortalité, c est à dire qu il s agit de la descendance en filles d une génération de femmes… … Wikipédia en Français
Art brut — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Art brut (homonymie). Pour l art premier ou primitif, production des sociétés traditionnelles ou primitives, voir Arts premiers. Art brut est un terme inventé par le peintre Jean Dubuffet pour désigner les… … Wikipédia en Français
Produit Intérieur Brut — Le produit intérieur brut (PIB) est un indicateur économique très utilisé, qui mesure le niveau de production d un pays. Il est défini comme la valeur totale de la production interne de biens et services dans un pays donné au cours d une année… … Wikipédia en Français
Produit interieur brut — Produit intérieur brut Le produit intérieur brut (PIB) est un indicateur économique très utilisé, qui mesure le niveau de production d un pays. Il est défini comme la valeur totale de la production interne de biens et services dans un pays donné… … Wikipédia en Français