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potestas

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1 potestas

pŏtestas, ātis ( gen. plur. potestatium, Sen. Ep. 115, 7; Plin. 29, 4, 20, § 67), f. [possum].
I.
Lit., in gen., ability, power of doing any thing (class.):
SI FVRIOSVS EST AGNATORVM GENTILIVMQVE IN EO PECVNIAQVE EIVS POTESTAS ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tabularum: vim tantam in se et potestatem habere tantae astutiae,
to have such a power of craftiness, to be able to devise such tricks, Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 32:
aut potestas defuit aut facultas aut voluntas,
Cic. Inv. 2, 7, 24:
habere potestatem vitae necisque in aliquem,
id. Dom. 29, 77; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 3, § 11:
potestatem alicui deferre beneficiorum tribuendorum,
id. Balb. 16, 37. — Poet., with inf.:
potestas occurrere telis... ensem avellere dextrā,
Stat. Th. 3, 296; Luc. 2, 40.—
B.
In phrases.
1.
Esse in potestate alicujus, to be in one's power, under one's control, to be subject to (for a description of the relation of potestas under the Roman law, and of the classes of persons to whom it applied, v. Gai. Inst. 1, 49 sqq.):
mittuntur legati, qui nuntient, ut sit in senatūs populique Romani potestate,
Cic. Phil. 6, 2, 4:
esse in dicione ac potestate alicujus,
id. Quint. 2, 6: habere familiam in potestate, to keep them slaves, not to free them, Liv. 8, 15.—
2.
Esse in suā potestate, to be one's own master, Nep. Att. 6, 1; so,
esse suae potestatis,
Liv. 31, 45.—
3.
Jus potestatemque habere imperandi, Cic. Phil. 11, 12, 30; cf.:
cum consulis eā de re jus ac potestatem esse dixisset,
had jurisdiction and authority over it, Liv. 24, 39.—
4.
Est mea (tua, etc.) potestas, I have the power, I can, Cic. Att. 2, 5, 1; Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 42; cf.:
sed volui meam potestatem esse vel petendi, etc.,
Cic. Att. 4, 2, 6.—
II.
In partic.
A.
Political power, dominion, rule, empire, sovereignty (syn.:
imperium, dicio): Thessaliam in potestatem Thebanorum redigere,
Nep. Pelop. 5, 1; Liv. 24, 31; so,
sub potestatem Atheniensium redigere,
Nep. Milt. 1, 4:
esse in potestate alicujus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 136:
tenere aliquem in suā potestate ac dicione,
id. ib. 2, 1, 38, §
97: venire in arbitrium ac potestatem alicujus,
id. ib. 2, 1, 57, § 150.—
B.
Magisterial power, authority, office, magistracy (syn.:
magistratus, auctoritas): potestas praetoria,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 69:
qui togatus in re publicā cum potestate imperioque versatus sit,
id. Phil. 1, 7, 18:
modo ut bonā ratione emerit, nihil pro potestate, nihil ab invito,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 5, § 10:
cum potestate aut legatione in provinciam proficisci,
id. ib. 2, 4, 5, § 9; id. Clu. 27, 74:
censores dederunt operam, ut ita potestatem gererent, ut, etc.,
so to administer the office, id. Verr. 2, 2, 55, § 138; id. Agr. 2, 6, 14.—In plur.:
imperia, potestates, legationes,
id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:
in potestatibus gerendis,
Auct. Her. 3, 7, 14.—
b.
Transf.
(α).
A person in office, a public officer, magistrate:
a magistratu aut ab aliquā potestate legitimā evocatus,
by some lawful authority, Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 74:
mavis Fidenarum esse potestas,
Juv. 10, 100.—
(β).
A ruler, supreme monarch:
hominum rerumque aeterna potestas,
i. e. Jupiter, Verg. A. 10, 18:
nihil est quod credere de se Non possit, cum laudatur dis aequa potestas,
Juv. 4, 71 (v. context): potestates, = archai, the highest magistrates, Plin. 9, 8, 8, § 26; Suet. Ner. 36; Amm. 31, 12, 5:
celsae potestates,
officers of state, id. 14, 1, 10:
jurisdictionem potestatibus per provincias demandare,
Suet. Claud. 23.—
C.
Esp., legal power, right over or to a thing (class.):
potestatis verbo plura significantur: in personā magistratuum imperium, in personā liberorum patria potestas, in personā servi dominium: at cum agimus de noxae deditione cum eo, qui servum non defendit, praesentis corporis copiam facultatemque significamus. Ex lege Atiniā in potestatem domini rem furtivam venisse videri, et si ejus vindicandae potestatem habuerit, Sabinus et Cassius aiunt,
Dig. 50, 16, 215.—
D.
Of inanimate things, power, force, efficacy, effect, operation, virtue, value:
potestates colorum,
Vitr. 7, 14:
potestates visque herbarum,
Verg. A. 12, 396; Plin. 25, 2, 5, § 9:
pecuniarum,
value, Dig. 13, 4, 3:
haec potestatibus praesentibus dijudicanda sunt,
circumstances, state of things, Gell. 1, 3, 24:
actionum vis et potestas,
Dig. 9, 4, 1:
quaternarius numerus suis partibus complet decadis ipsius potestatem (because the first four integers, taken together, = 10),
compass, fulness, Mart. Cap. 2, § 106:
plumbi potestas,
nature, quality, properties, Lucr. 5, 1242:
naturalis,
Vitr. 9, 4.—
E.
Of a word, meaning, signification (syn.:
vis, significatio),
Gell. 10, 29, 1; Auct. Her. 4, 54, 67; Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 4.—
F.
Math. t. t., = dunamis, the square root, Mart. Cap. 2, § 106.—
III.
Trop.
A.
Power, control, command (class.): dum ex tanto gaudio in potestatem nostram redeamus, recover our self-control, come to ourselves, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3, 14:
exisse ex potestate dicimus eos, qui effrenati feruntur aut libidine, aut iracundiā,
to have lost the control of their reason, to be out of their minds, Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11; cf.:
qui exisse ex potestate dicuntur, idcirco dicuntur, quia non sunt in potestate mentis, cui regnum totius animi a natura tributum est,
id. ib. 3, 5, 11; cf. also id. ib. 4, 36, 77:
postquam ad te cum omnium rerum tum etiam tui potestatem di transtulerint,
Plin. Pan. 56, 3.—
B.
Power, ability, possibility, opportunity (class.; cf.:
copia, facultas): ubi mihi potestas primum evenit,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 18:
liberius vivendi,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 25:
ut primum potestas data est augendae dignitatis tuae,
Cic. Fam. 10, 13, 1: quoties mihi certorum hominum potestas erit (al. facultas), whenever I find men on whom I can rely, id. ib. 1, 7, 1: facere potestatem, to give opportunity, leave, permission:
si quid de his rebus dicere vellet, feci potestatem,
id. Cat. 3, 5, 11:
quae potestas si mihi saepius fiet, utar,
shall present itself, id. Phil. 1, 15, 38:
alicui potestatem optionemque facere, ut, etc.,
id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 45:
facio tibi interpellandi potestatem,
id. Rosc. Am. 27, 73:
ego instare, omnium mihi tabularum et litterarum fieri potestatem oportere,
must be allowed the use of, id. Verr. 2, 4, 66, § 149: potestatem sui facere, to allow others to see or have access to one, to give an opportunity of conversing with one:
cum neque praetores diebus aliquot adiri possent vel potestatem sui facerent,
allowed themselves to be spoken to, id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 15:
facere omnibus conveniendi sui potestatem,
to admit to an audience, id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:
qui potestatem sui non habuissent,
who had not been able to speak with him, Suet. Tib. 34:
potestatem sui facere,
to give an opportunity of fighting with one, Caes. B. G. 1, 40; Nep. Ages. 3, 3.— Poet., with inf.:
non fugis hinc praeceps, dum praecipitare potestas,
Verg. A. 4, 565:
nunc flere potestas est,
Luc. 2, 40:
soli cui tanta potestas meis occurrere telis,
Stat. Th. 3, 296.—
IV.
In eccl. Lat.:
potestates,
angels, angelic powers, authorities in the spiritual world, Vulg. Ephes. 6, 12; id. 1 Pet. 3, 22; sing., id. 1 Cor. 15, 24.—
V.
Personified, a daughter of Pallas and Styx, Hyg. Fab. prooem.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > potestas
2 potestās

potestās ātis, f [potis].—Of persons, ability, power, capacity, force: in se potestatem habere tantae astutiae, such a power of craftiness, T.: aut potestas defuit aut facultas.—Of things, efficacy, force, virtue: potestates herbarum, V.— A power of choice, control, determination: vitae necisque, S.: beneficiorum tribuendorum: quasi non ea potestas sit tua, ut facias, T.: non esse in nostrā potestate, quin illa eveniant: esse in senatūs populique R. potestate: familiam in potestate habere, keep in slavery, L.: esse in suā potestate, one's own master, N.: eā de re ius ac potestas, jurisdiction and authority, L.— Self-control, self-command: qui exisse ex potestate dicuntur... quia non sunt in potestate mentis.— Sovereignty, public authority, sway, power, dominion, rule, empire: ut imperandi ius potestatemque habeat, legal and military supremacy: Thessaliam in potestatem Thebanorum redigere, N.— Magisterial power, authority, office, magistracy: praetoria: ut bonā ratione emerit, nihil pro potestate, i. e. by official pressure: ita potestatem gerere, ut, etc., so to administer the office.—Power, ability, possibility, opportunity: liberius vivendi, T.: quotiens mihi certorum hominum potestas erit, whenever I find men on whom I can rely: si quid dicere vellet, feci potestatem, i. e. accorded permission: quae potestas si mihi saepius fiet, utar, shall present itself: ut respondendi tibi potestatem faciam: omnium mihi litterarum fieri potestatem oportere, must be allowed access to: potestatem sui facere, allow themselves to be spoken to: facere omnibus conveniendi sui potestatem, admit to an audience: decernendi potestatem Pompeio fecit, an opportunity for a decisive engagement, Cs.: sui potestatem facere, opportunity to fight, Cs.: potestas, virtutem vestram ostendere, L.: Non fugis, dum praecipitare potestas, V.— A person in office, public officer, magistrate, ruler: ab aliquā potestate legitimā evocatus, by some lawful authority: imperia et potestates, military and civil officers: mavis Fidenarum esse potestas, Iu.: hominum rerumque aeterna, i. e. Jupiter, V.
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potestatis N F

power, rule, force; strength, ability; chance, opportunity

Latin-English dictionary > potestās
3 potestas

power, ability, authority / opportunity.

Latin-English dictionary of medieval > potestas
4 Ipsa scientia potestas est

• Knowledge itself is power. (Bacon)

Latin Quotes (Latin to English) > Ipsa scientia potestas est
5 Nam et ipsa scientia potestas es

• Knowledge is power. (Sir Francis Bacon)

Latin Quotes (Latin to English) > Nam et ipsa scientia potestas es
6 τιμαρχία

τιμαρχίᾱ, τιμαρχία

censoria potestas: fem nom /voc /acc dual

τιμαρχίᾱ, τιμαρχία

censoria potestas: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric aeolic)

Morphologia Graeca > τιμαρχία
7 τιμαρχίας

τιμαρχίᾱς, τιμαρχία

censoria potestas: fem acc pl

τιμαρχίᾱς, τιμαρχία

censoria potestas: fem gen sg (attic doric aeolic)

Morphologia Graeca > τιμαρχίας
8 cōnsulō

cōnsulō luī, ltum, ere [com-+2 SAL-], to meet and consider, reflect, deliberate, take counsel, consult, take care, have regard, look out, be mindful: tempus consulendi, T.: ad consulendum potestas, L.: ut animi trepidarent magis quam consulerent, L.: praesidium consulenti curiae, H.: inpensius, V.: in longitudinem, to take thought for the future, T.: in commune, for the common good, T.: in medium, V.: de salute suorum: ut illorum solitudo munita sit: custodi et consule longe (with ne), V.: ut urbi satis esset praesidii, consultum est: famae tuae: receptui suo, Cs.: rei p., S.: timori magis quam religioni, Cs.: mi consultum optime esse, T.: rerum summae, O.: male patriae, N. — To take a resolution, resolve, conclude, determine: de uxore, S.: de nullis quam vobis infestius, L.: gravius in eum, S.: in humiliores libidinose, L.: in deditos durius, Ta.—To consult, inquire of, ask for advice, counsel with, apply to, question: spectatas undas, quid se deceat, O.: pro te hos: si publice consuletur, Ta.: collegium consuli iussit, num, etc., L.: consulta, qualem Optet habere virum, asked, O.: te id, ask your opinion of it. — Supin. acc.: ut esset, quo consultum plebes veniret, L.— To consult (a god, an oracle, etc.): Apollinem de re: deum auguriis, L.: Phoebi oracula, O.: de se ter sortibus consultum, utrum, etc., Cs.: spirantia exta, V.: numen nunc extis nunc per aves, L.: consultus vates, V.— To take counsel (of a lawyer), ask advice: de iure civili consuli: qui consuluntur, i. e. skilled in the law: licet consulere? (a formula of asking advice): consulere licebit? Consule, H.— To refer to (an authority, a legislative body, etc.), consult: senatum, S.: senatum de foedere, Cs.: populum de eius morte: plebem in omnia (tribuni), L. — To deliberate upon, consider: rem ordine, L.: consulere et explorare rem: quid agant, Cs. — To advise, counsel, recommend: tun consulis quicquam? T. — To resolve upon, determine, decide: potestas consulendi quid velis, T.: pessime istuc in te, T.: suae vitae durius, i. e. commit suicide, Cs.: quae reges male consuluerint, S. —In the phrase, boni consulere, to regard favorably, take in good part: tu haec consule missa boni, O.
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consulere, consului, consultus V

ask information/advice of; consult, take counsel; deliberate/consider; advise; decide upon, adopt; look after/out for (DAT), pay attention to; refer to

Latin-English dictionary > cōnsulō
9 imperium

impĕrĭum ( inp-), ĭi, n. [impero], a command, order, direction.
I.
Lit. (mostly ante-class. and post-Aug.): si quid opus est, impera: imperium exsequar. Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 1; cf.:
nunc pergam eri imperium exsequi,
id. ib. 1, 1, 106:
eri imperia persequi,
id. ib. 2, 1, 75:
imperium exsequi,
id. Men. 5, 6, 16; Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 22:
obsequens obediensque est mori atque imperiis patris,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 55; cf. id. Trin. 2, 2, 21; id. Men. 5, 7, 1:
tuo facit jussu, tuo imperio paret,
id. As. 1, 2, 21:
malus et nequam est homo, qui nihili imperium eri Sui servus facit,
id. Ps. 4, 7, 1; cf. id. As. 2, 4, 10:
quod hi neque ad concilia veniebant neque imperio parebant,
Caes. B. G. 5, 2 fin.:
imperium neglegere,
id. ib. 5, 7, 7:
neque ab uno omnia imperia administrari poterant,
id. ib. 2, 22 fin.:
imperio Jovis huc venio,
Verg. A. 5, 726; cf.:
et Jovis imperium et cari praecepta parentis Edocet,
id. ib. 5, 747:
imperiis deūm propalam expositis,
Liv. 8, 6, 12:
quidam (pueri) imperia indignantur,
Quint. 1, 3, 6:
aegri quoquo neglecto medentium imperio, etc.,
Plin. Pan. 22, 3:
elephanti inest imperiorum obedientia,
Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 1:
naturae imperio gemimus, cum, etc.,
Juv. 15, 138:
cujus paruit imperiis,
id. 14, 331.
II.
Transf., the right or power of commanding, authority, command, control (freq. and class.).
A.
In gen.: Mes. Nempe jubes? Me. Jubeo hercle, si quid imperii est in te mihi, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 41; cf. id. Pers. 3, 1, 15:
Appius et caecus et senex tenebat non modo auctoritatem sed etiam imperium in suos,
Cic. de Sen. 11, 37:
reges in ipsos imperium est Jovis,
Hor. C. 3, 1, 6:
eone es ferox, quia habes imperium in beluas?
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 25:
mater, cujus sub imperio'st, mala,
id. Heaut. 2, 2, 4: An. Sta ilico. Ge. Hem, sates pro imperio! quisquis es, i. e. authorilatively, imperiously, id. Phorm. 1, 4, 19:
domesticum,
Cic. Caecin. 18, 52; id. Inv. 2, 47, 140:
(Juppiter) Divosque mortalesque turbas Imperio regit unus aequo,
Hor. C. 3, 4, 48; cf.:
sed me jussa deūm... Imperiis egere suis,
Verg. A. 6, 463:
Phyllius illic Imperio pueri volucresque ferumque leonem Tradiderat domitos,
Ov. M. 7, 373:
agricolae habent rationem cum terra, quae numquam recusat imperium,
Cic. de Sen. 15, 51.—
B.
In partic.
1.
In publicists' lang., supreme power, sovereignty, sway, dominion, empire (cf.: principatus, dominatus, regnum; potestas, potentia).
(α).
Sing.: Tarquinio dedit imperium simul et sola regni, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 298 Müll. (Ann. v. 151 Vahl.); cf.:
navorum imperium servare est induperantum,
id. ib. 169 Müll. (Ann. v. 413 Vahl.); and:
ipse (Numa rex) de suo imperio curiatam legem tulit,
Cic. Rep. 2, 13; 2, 17; 18; [p. 901] 20;
21: homo dominandi cupidus aut imperii singularis,
sole dominion, id. ib. 1, 33:
singulare et potestas regia,
id. ib. 2, 9:
esse consul cum summo imperio et potestate,
id. Verr. 1, 13, 37; id. Fl. 8, 18; cf.:
cum summo imperio et potestate versari,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 10, 31:
qui (App. Claudius) tum erat summo imperio,
id. Fin. 2, 20, 66:
omne imperium nostri penes singulos esse voluerunt,
id. Rep. 1, 40; 2, 32:
de imperio Caesaris... gravissime decernitur,
Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 4:
imperium extra ordinem dare,
Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 25:
quod imperium potest esse praestantius quam, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 17:
eos qui antea commodis fuerint moribus, imperio, potestate, prosperis rebus immutari,
id. Lael. 15, 54:
ad deponendum imperium tardior esse,
id. Rep. 2, 12:
expertes imperii,
id. ib. 1, 31:
deponentium imperium tyrannorum,
Quint. 9, 2, 67 et saep.:
sub populi Romani imperium dicionemque cadere,
Cic. Font. 1, 2; so,
with dicio,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 7; cf.:
Gallia sub populi Romani imperium redacta,
id. ib. 5, 29, 4:
totam ad imperium populi Romani Ciliciam adjunxit,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 35:
majestas est in imperio atque in omni populi Romani dignitate,
Quint. 7, 3, 35:
cum duobus ducibus de imperio in Italia decertatum est, Pyrrho et Hannibale,
Cic. Lael. 8, 28; cf.:
de imperio dimicare,
id. Off. 1, 12, 38:
spes diuturnitatis atque imperii,
id. Rep. 2, 3; cf.:
sedem et domum summo imperio praebere,
id. ib. 2, 5 fin.:
quod ipse suae civitatis imperium obtenturus esset,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3, 6:
civitati imperium totius provinciae pollicetur,
id. ib. 7, 64 fin.:
cum abunde expertus esset quam bene umeris tuis sederet imperium,
Plin. Pan. 10 fin.:
auctoritate magis quam imperio regere,
Liv. 1, 7, 8; cf.:
nec illum pro imperio submovere posse... quia ita dicatur: si vobis videtur, discedite, Quirites,
id. 2, 56, 12.—
(β).
Plur.:
nec vero imperia expetenda ac potius aut non accipienda interdum aut deponenda nonnumquam,
i. e. public offices, Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68:
(cives) mandant imperia,
id. Rep. 1, 31; cf.:
honores, magistratus, imperia, potestates, opes amicitiae anteponere,
id. Lael. 17, 63:
cui (duci) dantur imperia et ea continuantur, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 44:
ita cepi et gessi maxima imperia, ut, etc.,
id. Fam. 3, 7, 5:
vides tyranni satellites in imperiis,
id. Att. 14, 5, 2:
quod praestare dicant Gallorum quam Romanorum imperia perferre,
dominion, government, Caes. B. G. 1, 17, 3:
qui mobilitate ac levitate animi novis imperiis studebant,
id. ib. 2, 1, 3:
imperia legum potentiora quam hominum,
Liv. 2, 1, 1. —
b.
Hence, transf., concr.
(α).
Dominion, realm, empire (esp. freq. since the Aug. per.):
duae urbes inimicissimae huic imperio,
Cic. Lael. 3, 11:
jam ipsa terra ita mihi parva visa est, ut me imperii nostri pæniteret,
id. Rep. 6, 16 fin.:
nostrum,
id. ib. 3, 29; cf.:
finium imperii nostri propagatio,
id. Prov. Cons. 12, 29:
fines imperii propagavit,
id. Rep. 3, 12:
imperium Oceano, famam qui terminet astris,
Verg. A. 1, 287:
per quas (artes) imperi Porrecta majestas ad ortus Solis ab Hesperio cubili,
Hor. C. 4, 15, 14:
adjectis Britannis Imperio,
id. ib. 3, 5, 4:
quem vocet divum populus ruentis Imperi rebus?
id. ib. 1, 2, 26;
1, 37, 8: immensum imperii corpus stare ac librari sine rectore non potest,
Tac. H. 1, 16:
reges socii, membra partesque imperii,
Suet. Aug. 48:
breviarium totius imperii,
id. ib. 101:
rationarium imperii,
id. ib. 28:
imperii fines Tiberinum natare,
Juv. 8, 265:
noverat luxuriam imperii veterem,
i. e. of the Roman court, id. 4, 137.—
c.
Trop., rule, control (very rare but class.):
illud vide, si in animis hominum regale imperium sit, unius fore dominatum, consilii scilicet,
Cic. Rep. 1, 38.—Iron.:
imperium judiciorum tenere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 31, § 77:
coactae imperio sexus,
i. e. the ambition, Juv. 6, 135.—
2.
Law t. t., the jurisdiction or discretion of a magistrate:
omnia autem judicia aut legitimo jure consistunt aut imperio continentur,
Gai. Inst. 4, 103:
ideo autem imperio contineri judicia dicuntur, quia tamdiu valent, quamdiu is qui ea praecepit imperium habet,
id. ib. 4, 105; cf. 3, 181 al.—
3.
Milit., the chief command, command.
(α).
Sing.:
victum atque expugnatum oppidum est Imperio atque auspicio Amphitruonis maxime,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 37; 1, 1, 41: re impetrata contendunt, ut ipsis summa imperii transdatur, Caes. B. G. 7, 63, 5:
delatam sibi summam imperii,
Suet. Ner. 3:
censet enim etiam ex iis, qui cum imperio sint,
Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 3:
nostri imperii dignitas,
id. ib. 1, 7, 4:
novem annis, quibus in imperio fuit,
Suet. Caes. 25:
legionum curam et imperium alicui demandare,
id. ib. 76:
alicui imperium prorogare,
id. Tib. 30:
imperii tempus explere,
id. Caes. 26: cum imperio aut magistratu, i. e. a military or civil command, Suet. Tib. 12:
qui dabat olim imperium, fasces, etc.,
Juv. 10, 79; cf. in the foll.—
(β).
Plur.:
mandant (cives) imperia, magistratus,
i. e. military and civil commands, Cic. Rep. 1, 31; cf.:
magistratus, imperia, amicitiae anteponere,
id. Lael. 17, 63;
so opp. magistratus,
Suet. Caes. 54; 75; id. Aug. 61.—
b.
Transf.
(α).
Concr.: imperia, i. q. imperatores, commanding officers, commanders, generals:
imperia, potestates, legationes, quom senatus creverit populusve jusserit, ex urbe exeunto,
Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 9:
nacti vacuas ab imperiis Sardiniam et Siciliam,
Caes. B. C. 1, 31, 1; Val. Max. 1, 1, 9.—
(β).
Erat plena lictorum et imperiorum provincia, differta praefectis atque exactoribus, Caes. B. C. 3, 32, 4.—
(γ).
(Acc. to imperator, II. B. 3.) The imperial government, the government:
tandem quasi coactus recepit imperium,
Suet. Tib. 24; 55; 67; id. Calig. 12; 16; 24; id. Claud. 11; 35; 36 et saep.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > imperium
10 infinito

in-fīnītus, a, um, adj., not enclosed within boundaries, boundless, unlimited.
I.
Lit.:
quod finitum est habet extremum... nihil igitur cum habeat extremum, infinitum sit necesse est,
Cic. Div. 2, 50, 103:
aër, materia,
id. Ac. 2, 37, 118:
imperium,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 91: potestas, id: Agr. 2, 13, 33; Liv. 3, 9: magnitudines infinitissimae, Boëth. Inst. Arithm. 1, 4. — Subst.: infī-nītum, i, n., boundless space, the infinite:
ex infinito coorta,
Lucr. 5, 367.—
II.
Transf.
A.
Without end, endless, infinite:
altitudo,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48:
spes,
id. Deiot. 5, 13:
odium,
id. Balb. 27, 62:
labor,
id. de Or. 1, 1:
licentia,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 94, § 220:
imperium,
id. ib. 2, 3, 91, §
213: potestas,
id. Agr. 2, 13, 33:
occupationes,
Nep. Att. 20, 2:
pretium,
immoderate, Dig. 35, 2, 61:
sin cuipiam nimis infinitum videtur,
too prolix, Cic. de Or. 1, 15, 65. — Subst.: infīnītum, i, n., an infinitude, an endless amount or number:
infinitum auri,
Eutr. 9, 9: ad or in infinitum, to infinity, without end:
haec (ars statuaria) ad infinitum effloruit,
Plin. 34, 7, 16, § 35:
crescere,
id. 34, 2, 3, § 5:
durescere,
id. 13, 9, 18, § 62:
sectio in infinitum,
Quint. 1, 10 fin.:
ne in infinitum abeamus,
Plin. 17, 25, 38, § 243:
infinitum quantum,
beyond all measure, exceedingly, extraordinarily, Plin. 18, 28, 68, n. 3, §
277: infinito plus or magis,
infinitely more, far more, Quint. 3, 4, 25; 11, 3, 172.—
B.
Innumerable, countless:
multitudo librorum,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 2, 6:
multitudo,
id. Off. 1, 16, 52:
causarum varietas,
id. de Or. 1, 5, 16; Caes. B. G. 5, 12, 3:
legum infinita multitudo,
Tac. A. 3, 25:
numerus annorum,
Gell. 14, 1, 18:
pietatis exempla,
Plin. 7, 36, 36, § 121: pecunia ex infinitis rapinis, Auct. B. Alex. 64, 4; Spart. Hadr. 20, 5; Eutr. 1, 3; 3, 20 al.—
C.
Indefinite.
1.
In gen.: infinitior distributio, where no person or time is mentioned or implied, Cic. Top. 8:
quaestio,
id. Part. Or. 18:
res,
id. de Or. 1, 31:
conexa,
indefinite conclusions, id. Fat. 8.— Adv.:
in infinito,
to infinity, everywhere, at pleasure, Dig. 8, 2, 24; 8, 1, 9.—
2.
In gram.:
verbum,
i. e. the infinitive, Quint. 9, 3, 9; also absol., id. 1, 6, 7 and 8:
articulus,
an indefinite pronoun, Varr. L. L. 8, § 45; 50 Müll.: vocabula, appellative nouns (as vir, mulier), ib. § 80.— Adv.
A.
infīnītē.
1.
Without bounds, without end, infinitely:
ne infinite feratur ut flumen oratio,
Cic. Or. 68, 228:
concupiscere,
excessively, id. Par. 6, 3:
dividere,
id. Ac. 1, 7:
perorare,
without cessation, constantly, id. Or. 36 fin. —
2.
Indefinitely, in general:
referre de re publica,
Gell. 14, 7, 9.—
B.
in-fīnītō (rare), immensely, vastly:
magis delectare,
Quint. 11. 3, 4:
magis flexa sunt,
id. 8, 4, 25:
plus cogitare,
id. ib.:
infinito praestare,
Plin. 25, 8, 53, § 94.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > infinito
11 infinitum

in-fīnītus, a, um, adj., not enclosed within boundaries, boundless, unlimited.
I.
Lit.:
quod finitum est habet extremum... nihil igitur cum habeat extremum, infinitum sit necesse est,
Cic. Div. 2, 50, 103:
aër, materia,
id. Ac. 2, 37, 118:
imperium,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 91: potestas, id: Agr. 2, 13, 33; Liv. 3, 9: magnitudines infinitissimae, Boëth. Inst. Arithm. 1, 4. — Subst.: infī-nītum, i, n., boundless space, the infinite:
ex infinito coorta,
Lucr. 5, 367.—
II.
Transf.
A.
Without end, endless, infinite:
altitudo,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48:
spes,
id. Deiot. 5, 13:
odium,
id. Balb. 27, 62:
labor,
id. de Or. 1, 1:
licentia,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 94, § 220:
imperium,
id. ib. 2, 3, 91, §
213: potestas,
id. Agr. 2, 13, 33:
occupationes,
Nep. Att. 20, 2:
pretium,
immoderate, Dig. 35, 2, 61:
sin cuipiam nimis infinitum videtur,
too prolix, Cic. de Or. 1, 15, 65. — Subst.: infīnītum, i, n., an infinitude, an endless amount or number:
infinitum auri,
Eutr. 9, 9: ad or in infinitum, to infinity, without end:
haec (ars statuaria) ad infinitum effloruit,
Plin. 34, 7, 16, § 35:
crescere,
id. 34, 2, 3, § 5:
durescere,
id. 13, 9, 18, § 62:
sectio in infinitum,
Quint. 1, 10 fin.:
ne in infinitum abeamus,
Plin. 17, 25, 38, § 243:
infinitum quantum,
beyond all measure, exceedingly, extraordinarily, Plin. 18, 28, 68, n. 3, §
277: infinito plus or magis,
infinitely more, far more, Quint. 3, 4, 25; 11, 3, 172.—
B.
Innumerable, countless:
multitudo librorum,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 2, 6:
multitudo,
id. Off. 1, 16, 52:
causarum varietas,
id. de Or. 1, 5, 16; Caes. B. G. 5, 12, 3:
legum infinita multitudo,
Tac. A. 3, 25:
numerus annorum,
Gell. 14, 1, 18:
pietatis exempla,
Plin. 7, 36, 36, § 121: pecunia ex infinitis rapinis, Auct. B. Alex. 64, 4; Spart. Hadr. 20, 5; Eutr. 1, 3; 3, 20 al.—
C.
Indefinite.
1.
In gen.: infinitior distributio, where no person or time is mentioned or implied, Cic. Top. 8:
quaestio,
id. Part. Or. 18:
res,
id. de Or. 1, 31:
conexa,
indefinite conclusions, id. Fat. 8.— Adv.:
in infinito,
to infinity, everywhere, at pleasure, Dig. 8, 2, 24; 8, 1, 9.—
2.
In gram.:
verbum,
i. e. the infinitive, Quint. 9, 3, 9; also absol., id. 1, 6, 7 and 8:
articulus,
an indefinite pronoun, Varr. L. L. 8, § 45; 50 Müll.: vocabula, appellative nouns (as vir, mulier), ib. § 80.— Adv.
A.
infīnītē.
1.
Without bounds, without end, infinitely:
ne infinite feratur ut flumen oratio,
Cic. Or. 68, 228:
concupiscere,
excessively, id. Par. 6, 3:
dividere,
id. Ac. 1, 7:
perorare,
without cessation, constantly, id. Or. 36 fin. —
2.
Indefinitely, in general:
referre de re publica,
Gell. 14, 7, 9.—
B.
in-fīnītō (rare), immensely, vastly:
magis delectare,
Quint. 11. 3, 4:
magis flexa sunt,
id. 8, 4, 25:
plus cogitare,
id. ib.:
infinito praestare,
Plin. 25, 8, 53, § 94.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > infinitum
12 infinitus

in-fīnītus, a, um, adj., not enclosed within boundaries, boundless, unlimited.
I.
Lit.:
quod finitum est habet extremum... nihil igitur cum habeat extremum, infinitum sit necesse est,
Cic. Div. 2, 50, 103:
aër, materia,
id. Ac. 2, 37, 118:
imperium,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 91: potestas, id: Agr. 2, 13, 33; Liv. 3, 9: magnitudines infinitissimae, Boëth. Inst. Arithm. 1, 4. — Subst.: infī-nītum, i, n., boundless space, the infinite:
ex infinito coorta,
Lucr. 5, 367.—
II.
Transf.
A.
Without end, endless, infinite:
altitudo,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48:
spes,
id. Deiot. 5, 13:
odium,
id. Balb. 27, 62:
labor,
id. de Or. 1, 1:
licentia,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 94, § 220:
imperium,
id. ib. 2, 3, 91, §
213: potestas,
id. Agr. 2, 13, 33:
occupationes,
Nep. Att. 20, 2:
pretium,
immoderate, Dig. 35, 2, 61:
sin cuipiam nimis infinitum videtur,
too prolix, Cic. de Or. 1, 15, 65. — Subst.: infīnītum, i, n., an infinitude, an endless amount or number:
infinitum auri,
Eutr. 9, 9: ad or in infinitum, to infinity, without end:
haec (ars statuaria) ad infinitum effloruit,
Plin. 34, 7, 16, § 35:
crescere,
id. 34, 2, 3, § 5:
durescere,
id. 13, 9, 18, § 62:
sectio in infinitum,
Quint. 1, 10 fin.:
ne in infinitum abeamus,
Plin. 17, 25, 38, § 243:
infinitum quantum,
beyond all measure, exceedingly, extraordinarily, Plin. 18, 28, 68, n. 3, §
277: infinito plus or magis,
infinitely more, far more, Quint. 3, 4, 25; 11, 3, 172.—
B.
Innumerable, countless:
multitudo librorum,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 2, 6:
multitudo,
id. Off. 1, 16, 52:
causarum varietas,
id. de Or. 1, 5, 16; Caes. B. G. 5, 12, 3:
legum infinita multitudo,
Tac. A. 3, 25:
numerus annorum,
Gell. 14, 1, 18:
pietatis exempla,
Plin. 7, 36, 36, § 121: pecunia ex infinitis rapinis, Auct. B. Alex. 64, 4; Spart. Hadr. 20, 5; Eutr. 1, 3; 3, 20 al.—
C.
Indefinite.
1.
In gen.: infinitior distributio, where no person or time is mentioned or implied, Cic. Top. 8:
quaestio,
id. Part. Or. 18:
res,
id. de Or. 1, 31:
conexa,
indefinite conclusions, id. Fat. 8.— Adv.:
in infinito,
to infinity, everywhere, at pleasure, Dig. 8, 2, 24; 8, 1, 9.—
2.
In gram.:
verbum,
i. e. the infinitive, Quint. 9, 3, 9; also absol., id. 1, 6, 7 and 8:
articulus,
an indefinite pronoun, Varr. L. L. 8, § 45; 50 Müll.: vocabula, appellative nouns (as vir, mulier), ib. § 80.— Adv.
A.
infīnītē.
1.
Without bounds, without end, infinitely:
ne infinite feratur ut flumen oratio,
Cic. Or. 68, 228:
concupiscere,
excessively, id. Par. 6, 3:
dividere,
id. Ac. 1, 7:
perorare,
without cessation, constantly, id. Or. 36 fin. —
2.
Indefinitely, in general:
referre de re publica,
Gell. 14, 7, 9.—
B.
in-fīnītō (rare), immensely, vastly:
magis delectare,
Quint. 11. 3, 4:
magis flexa sunt,
id. 8, 4, 25:
plus cogitare,
id. ib.:
infinito praestare,
Plin. 25, 8, 53, § 94.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > infinitus
13 inperium

impĕrĭum ( inp-), ĭi, n. [impero], a command, order, direction.
I.
Lit. (mostly ante-class. and post-Aug.): si quid opus est, impera: imperium exsequar. Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 1; cf.:
nunc pergam eri imperium exsequi,
id. ib. 1, 1, 106:
eri imperia persequi,
id. ib. 2, 1, 75:
imperium exsequi,
id. Men. 5, 6, 16; Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 22:
obsequens obediensque est mori atque imperiis patris,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 55; cf. id. Trin. 2, 2, 21; id. Men. 5, 7, 1:
tuo facit jussu, tuo imperio paret,
id. As. 1, 2, 21:
malus et nequam est homo, qui nihili imperium eri Sui servus facit,
id. Ps. 4, 7, 1; cf. id. As. 2, 4, 10:
quod hi neque ad concilia veniebant neque imperio parebant,
Caes. B. G. 5, 2 fin.:
imperium neglegere,
id. ib. 5, 7, 7:
neque ab uno omnia imperia administrari poterant,
id. ib. 2, 22 fin.:
imperio Jovis huc venio,
Verg. A. 5, 726; cf.:
et Jovis imperium et cari praecepta parentis Edocet,
id. ib. 5, 747:
imperiis deūm propalam expositis,
Liv. 8, 6, 12:
quidam (pueri) imperia indignantur,
Quint. 1, 3, 6:
aegri quoquo neglecto medentium imperio, etc.,
Plin. Pan. 22, 3:
elephanti inest imperiorum obedientia,
Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 1:
naturae imperio gemimus, cum, etc.,
Juv. 15, 138:
cujus paruit imperiis,
id. 14, 331.
II.
Transf., the right or power of commanding, authority, command, control (freq. and class.).
A.
In gen.: Mes. Nempe jubes? Me. Jubeo hercle, si quid imperii est in te mihi, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 41; cf. id. Pers. 3, 1, 15:
Appius et caecus et senex tenebat non modo auctoritatem sed etiam imperium in suos,
Cic. de Sen. 11, 37:
reges in ipsos imperium est Jovis,
Hor. C. 3, 1, 6:
eone es ferox, quia habes imperium in beluas?
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 25:
mater, cujus sub imperio'st, mala,
id. Heaut. 2, 2, 4: An. Sta ilico. Ge. Hem, sates pro imperio! quisquis es, i. e. authorilatively, imperiously, id. Phorm. 1, 4, 19:
domesticum,
Cic. Caecin. 18, 52; id. Inv. 2, 47, 140:
(Juppiter) Divosque mortalesque turbas Imperio regit unus aequo,
Hor. C. 3, 4, 48; cf.:
sed me jussa deūm... Imperiis egere suis,
Verg. A. 6, 463:
Phyllius illic Imperio pueri volucresque ferumque leonem Tradiderat domitos,
Ov. M. 7, 373:
agricolae habent rationem cum terra, quae numquam recusat imperium,
Cic. de Sen. 15, 51.—
B.
In partic.
1.
In publicists' lang., supreme power, sovereignty, sway, dominion, empire (cf.: principatus, dominatus, regnum; potestas, potentia).
(α).
Sing.: Tarquinio dedit imperium simul et sola regni, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 298 Müll. (Ann. v. 151 Vahl.); cf.:
navorum imperium servare est induperantum,
id. ib. 169 Müll. (Ann. v. 413 Vahl.); and:
ipse (Numa rex) de suo imperio curiatam legem tulit,
Cic. Rep. 2, 13; 2, 17; 18; [p. 901] 20;
21: homo dominandi cupidus aut imperii singularis,
sole dominion, id. ib. 1, 33:
singulare et potestas regia,
id. ib. 2, 9:
esse consul cum summo imperio et potestate,
id. Verr. 1, 13, 37; id. Fl. 8, 18; cf.:
cum summo imperio et potestate versari,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 10, 31:
qui (App. Claudius) tum erat summo imperio,
id. Fin. 2, 20, 66:
omne imperium nostri penes singulos esse voluerunt,
id. Rep. 1, 40; 2, 32:
de imperio Caesaris... gravissime decernitur,
Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 4:
imperium extra ordinem dare,
Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 25:
quod imperium potest esse praestantius quam, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 17:
eos qui antea commodis fuerint moribus, imperio, potestate, prosperis rebus immutari,
id. Lael. 15, 54:
ad deponendum imperium tardior esse,
id. Rep. 2, 12:
expertes imperii,
id. ib. 1, 31:
deponentium imperium tyrannorum,
Quint. 9, 2, 67 et saep.:
sub populi Romani imperium dicionemque cadere,
Cic. Font. 1, 2; so,
with dicio,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 7; cf.:
Gallia sub populi Romani imperium redacta,
id. ib. 5, 29, 4:
totam ad imperium populi Romani Ciliciam adjunxit,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 35:
majestas est in imperio atque in omni populi Romani dignitate,
Quint. 7, 3, 35:
cum duobus ducibus de imperio in Italia decertatum est, Pyrrho et Hannibale,
Cic. Lael. 8, 28; cf.:
de imperio dimicare,
id. Off. 1, 12, 38:
spes diuturnitatis atque imperii,
id. Rep. 2, 3; cf.:
sedem et domum summo imperio praebere,
id. ib. 2, 5 fin.:
quod ipse suae civitatis imperium obtenturus esset,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3, 6:
civitati imperium totius provinciae pollicetur,
id. ib. 7, 64 fin.:
cum abunde expertus esset quam bene umeris tuis sederet imperium,
Plin. Pan. 10 fin.:
auctoritate magis quam imperio regere,
Liv. 1, 7, 8; cf.:
nec illum pro imperio submovere posse... quia ita dicatur: si vobis videtur, discedite, Quirites,
id. 2, 56, 12.—
(β).
Plur.:
nec vero imperia expetenda ac potius aut non accipienda interdum aut deponenda nonnumquam,
i. e. public offices, Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68:
(cives) mandant imperia,
id. Rep. 1, 31; cf.:
honores, magistratus, imperia, potestates, opes amicitiae anteponere,
id. Lael. 17, 63:
cui (duci) dantur imperia et ea continuantur, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 44:
ita cepi et gessi maxima imperia, ut, etc.,
id. Fam. 3, 7, 5:
vides tyranni satellites in imperiis,
id. Att. 14, 5, 2:
quod praestare dicant Gallorum quam Romanorum imperia perferre,
dominion, government, Caes. B. G. 1, 17, 3:
qui mobilitate ac levitate animi novis imperiis studebant,
id. ib. 2, 1, 3:
imperia legum potentiora quam hominum,
Liv. 2, 1, 1. —
b.
Hence, transf., concr.
(α).
Dominion, realm, empire (esp. freq. since the Aug. per.):
duae urbes inimicissimae huic imperio,
Cic. Lael. 3, 11:
jam ipsa terra ita mihi parva visa est, ut me imperii nostri pæniteret,
id. Rep. 6, 16 fin.:
nostrum,
id. ib. 3, 29; cf.:
finium imperii nostri propagatio,
id. Prov. Cons. 12, 29:
fines imperii propagavit,
id. Rep. 3, 12:
imperium Oceano, famam qui terminet astris,
Verg. A. 1, 287:
per quas (artes) imperi Porrecta majestas ad ortus Solis ab Hesperio cubili,
Hor. C. 4, 15, 14:
adjectis Britannis Imperio,
id. ib. 3, 5, 4:
quem vocet divum populus ruentis Imperi rebus?
id. ib. 1, 2, 26;
1, 37, 8: immensum imperii corpus stare ac librari sine rectore non potest,
Tac. H. 1, 16:
reges socii, membra partesque imperii,
Suet. Aug. 48:
breviarium totius imperii,
id. ib. 101:
rationarium imperii,
id. ib. 28:
imperii fines Tiberinum natare,
Juv. 8, 265:
noverat luxuriam imperii veterem,
i. e. of the Roman court, id. 4, 137.—
c.
Trop., rule, control (very rare but class.):
illud vide, si in animis hominum regale imperium sit, unius fore dominatum, consilii scilicet,
Cic. Rep. 1, 38.—Iron.:
imperium judiciorum tenere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 31, § 77:
coactae imperio sexus,
i. e. the ambition, Juv. 6, 135.—
2.
Law t. t., the jurisdiction or discretion of a magistrate:
omnia autem judicia aut legitimo jure consistunt aut imperio continentur,
Gai. Inst. 4, 103:
ideo autem imperio contineri judicia dicuntur, quia tamdiu valent, quamdiu is qui ea praecepit imperium habet,
id. ib. 4, 105; cf. 3, 181 al.—
3.
Milit., the chief command, command.
(α).
Sing.:
victum atque expugnatum oppidum est Imperio atque auspicio Amphitruonis maxime,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 37; 1, 1, 41: re impetrata contendunt, ut ipsis summa imperii transdatur, Caes. B. G. 7, 63, 5:
delatam sibi summam imperii,
Suet. Ner. 3:
censet enim etiam ex iis, qui cum imperio sint,
Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 3:
nostri imperii dignitas,
id. ib. 1, 7, 4:
novem annis, quibus in imperio fuit,
Suet. Caes. 25:
legionum curam et imperium alicui demandare,
id. ib. 76:
alicui imperium prorogare,
id. Tib. 30:
imperii tempus explere,
id. Caes. 26: cum imperio aut magistratu, i. e. a military or civil command, Suet. Tib. 12:
qui dabat olim imperium, fasces, etc.,
Juv. 10, 79; cf. in the foll.—
(β).
Plur.:
mandant (cives) imperia, magistratus,
i. e. military and civil commands, Cic. Rep. 1, 31; cf.:
magistratus, imperia, amicitiae anteponere,
id. Lael. 17, 63;
so opp. magistratus,
Suet. Caes. 54; 75; id. Aug. 61.—
b.
Transf.
(α).
Concr.: imperia, i. q. imperatores, commanding officers, commanders, generals:
imperia, potestates, legationes, quom senatus creverit populusve jusserit, ex urbe exeunto,
Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 9:
nacti vacuas ab imperiis Sardiniam et Siciliam,
Caes. B. C. 1, 31, 1; Val. Max. 1, 1, 9.—
(β).
Erat plena lictorum et imperiorum provincia, differta praefectis atque exactoribus, Caes. B. C. 3, 32, 4.—
(γ).
(Acc. to imperator, II. B. 3.) The imperial government, the government:
tandem quasi coactus recepit imperium,
Suet. Tib. 24; 55; 67; id. Calig. 12; 16; 24; id. Claud. 11; 35; 36 et saep.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > inperium
14 Liber

1.
līber, ĕra, ĕrum (old form, loebesum et loebertatem antiqui dicebant liberum et libertatem. Ita Graeci loibên et leibein, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.; cf. 2. Liber), adj. [Gr. root liph-, liptô, to desire; cf. Sanscr. lub-dhas, desirous; Lat. libet, libido], that acts according to his own will and pleasure, is his own master; free, unrestricted, unrestrained, unimpeded, unshackled; independent, frank, open, bold (opp. servus, servilis).
I.
In gen.; constr. absol., with ab, the abl., and poet. also with gen.
(α).
Absol.:
dictum est ab eruditissimis viris, nisi sapientem liberum esse neminem. Quid est enim libertas? Potestas vivendi ut velis,
Cic. Par. 5, 1, 33:
an ille mihi liber, cui mulier imperat, cui leges imponit, praescribit, jubet, vetat? etc.,
id. ib. 5, 2, 36:
ad scribendi licentiam liber,
id. N. D. 1, 44, 123:
agri immunes ac liberi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 166:
integro animo ac libero causam defendere,
unprejudiced, unbiased, id. Sull. 31, 86:
liberi ad causas solutique veniebant,
not under obligations, not bribed, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78 § 192; cf.:
libera lingua,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 9:
cor liberum,
id. Ep. 1, 2, 43:
vocem liberam mittere adversus aliquem,
Liv. 35, 32, 6:
libera verba animi proferre,
Juv. 4, 90: judicium [p. 1057] audientium relinquere integrum ac liberum, Cic. Div. 2, 72, 150:
aliquid respuere ingenuo liberoque fastidio,
id. Brut. 67, 236:
libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio,
id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:
tibi uni vexatio direptioque sociorum impunita fuit ac libera,
id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:
pars quaestionum vaga et libera et late patens,
id. de Or. 2, 16, 67:
liberum arbitrium eis populo Romano permittente,
Liv. 31, 11 fin.; cf. id. 37, 1, 5:
mandata,
full powers, unlimited authority, id. 37, 56; 38, 8:
fenus,
unlimited, id. 35, 7: custodia, free custody (i. e. confinement to a house or to a town), id. 24, 45; Vell. 1, 11, 1;
v. custodia, II.: legatio, v. legatio: suffragia,
the right of voting freely, Juv. 8, 211:
locus,
free from intruders, undisturbed, secure, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 49; 3, 2, 25; id. Cas. 3, 2, 4: aedes, a free house, free dwelling (assigned to the use of ambassadors of friendly nations during their stay in Rome), Liv. 30, 17 fin.; 35, 23; 42, 6:
lectulus,
i. e. not shared with a wife, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5: toga ( poet. for virilis toga), a man's (prop. of one who is his own master), Ov. F. 3, 771:
vestis,
id. ib. 3, 777:
libera omnia sibi servare,
to reserve to one's self full liberty, Plin. Ep. 1, 5.— Comp.:
hoc liberiores et solutiores sumus, quod, etc.,
Cic. Ac. 2, 3, 8:
est finitimus oratori poëta, numeris astrictior paulo, verborum licentia liberior,
id. de Or. 1, 16, 70:
liberiores litterae,
id. Att. 1, 13, 1:
amicitia remissior esse debet et liberior et dulcior,
freer, more unrestrained, more cheerful, id. Lael. 18 fin.:
paulo liberior sententia,
Quint. 4, 2, 121:
liberior in utramque partem disputatio,
id. 7, 2, 14:
fusiores liberioresque numeri,
id. 9, 4, 130:
officia liberiora plenioraque,
id. 6, 1, 9:
(flumina) campo recepta Liberioris aquae,
freer, less impeded, Ov. M. 1, 41; cf.:
(Tiberinus) campo liberiore natat,
freer, opener, id. F. 4, 292:
liberiore frui caelo,
freer, opener, id. M. 15, 301.— Sup.:
liberrimum hominum genus, comici veteres tradunt, etc.,
the frankest, most free-spoken, Quint. 12, 2, 22; cf.:
liberrime Lolli,
most frank, most ingenuous, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1:
indignatio,
id. Epod. 4, 10.—
(β).
Free or exempt from, void of; with ab:
Mamertini vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23; cf.:
(consul) solutus a cupiditatibus, liber a delictis,
id. Agr. 1, 9, 27:
ab observando homine perverso liber,
id. Att. 1, 13, 2:
liber a tali irrisione Socrates, liber Aristo Chius,
id. Ac. 2, 39, 123:
ab omni animi perturbatione liber,
id. Off. 1, 20, 67; id. N. D. 2, 21, 55:
loca abdita et ab arbitris libera,
id. Att. 15, 16, B:
libera a ferro crura,
Ov. P. 1, 6, 32:
animus liber a partibus rei publicae,
Sall. C. 4.—
(γ).
With abl.:
animus omni liber curā et angore,
free from, without, Cic. Fin. 1, 15:
animus religione,
Liv. 2, 36:
animus cogitationibus aliis,
Quint. 11, 2, 35:
mens omnibus vitiis,
id. 12, 1, 4; cf.:
liberis odio et gratia mentibus,
id. 5, 11, 37:
omni liber metu,
Liv. 7, 34:
liber invidia,
Quint. 12, 11, 7:
equus carcere,
Ov. Am. 2, 9, 20.—
(δ).
With gen. ( poet.):
liber laborum,
Hor. A. P. 212:
fati gens Lydia,
Verg. A. 10, 154:
curarum,
Luc. 4, 384. — Comp.:
liberior campi,
having a wider space, Stat. S. 4, 2, 24.—
(ε).
Liberum est, with subject-clause:
quam (opinionem) sequi magis probantibus liberum est,
it is free, permitted, allowable, Quint. 6, 3, 112; Plin. Ep. 1, 8:
dies eligere certos liberum erat,
Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 16.—So in abl. absol.:
libero, quid firmaret mutaretve,
Tac. A. 3, 60.
II.
In partic.
A.
Free, in a social point of view, not a slave (opp. servus;
also to ingenuus): neque vendendam censes quae libera est,
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40; cf. id. ib. v. 28:
dis habeo gratiam quom aliquot affuerunt liberae, because slaves were not permitted to testify,
id. And. 4, 4, 32; opp. ingenuus, free-born:
quid ea? ingenuan' an festucā facta e servā liberast?
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 14:
in jure civili, qui est matre liberā, liber est,
Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45; id. Caecin. 36, 96:
si neque censu, neque vindictā, nec testamento liber factus est (servus), non est liber,
id. Top. 2, 10:
quae (assentatio) non modo amico, sed ne libero quidem digna est,
of a freeman, id. Lael. 24, 89; Quint. 11, 1, 43:
liberorum hominum alii ingenui sunt, alii libertini,
Gai. Inst. 1, 10; cf. sqq.: ex ancilla et libero jure gentium servus nascitur, id. ib. 1, 82; cf. § 85; Paul. Sent. 2, 24, 1 sqq.—
B.
Free, in a political point of view;
said both of a people not under monarchical rule and of one not in subjection to another people,
Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48; cf.:
ut ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum, sic hunc nimis liberum populum libertas ipsa servitute afficit,
id. ib. 1, 44, 68:
liber populus,
id. ib. 3, 34, 46:
(Demaratus) vir liber ac fortis,
democratic, republican, fond of liberty, id. ib. 2, 19, 34:
civitates liberae atque immunes,
free from service, Liv. 37, 55:
provinciae civitatesque liberae,
Suet. Vesp. 8:
libera ac foederata oppida,
id. Calig. 3:
Roma patrem patriae Ciceronem libera dixit,
Juv. 8, 244.—
C.
In a bad sense, esp. with reference to sensual pleasure, unbridled, unchecked, unrestrained, licentious:
quam liber harum rerum multarum siet (Juppiter),
Plaut. Am. prol. 105:
adulescens imprudens et liber,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 40; cf.:
sit adulescentia liberior,
somewhat freer, Cic. Cael. 18, 42:
amores soluti et liberi,
id. Rep. 4, 4, 4:
consuetudo peccandi,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177.—Hence, adv.: lībĕrē, freely, unrestrictedly, without let or hinderance; frankly, openly, boldly:
qui nihil dicit, nihil facit, nihil cogitat denique, nisi libenter ac libere,
Cic. Par. 5, 1, 34:
animus somno relaxatus solute movetur et libere,
id. Div. 2, 48, 100:
respirare,
id. Quint. 11, 39:
constanter et libere (me gessi),
id. Att. 4, 16, 9:
consilium dare,
id. Lael. 13, 44:
aliquid magis accusatorie quam libere dixisse,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:
omnia libere fingimus et impune,
Quint. 6, 1, 43:
ut ingredi libere (oratio), non ut licenter videatur errare,
Cic. Or. 23, 77.— Comp.:
liberius vivendi fuit potestas,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 23:
loqui,
Cic. Planc. 13, 33:
fortius liberiusque defendere,
Quint. 12, 1, 21:
liberius si Dixero quid,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 103:
maledicere,
id. ib. 2, 8, 37:
longius et liberius exseritur digitus,
Quint. 11, 3, 92; cf. id. 11, 3, 97:
ipsaque tellus Omnia liberius, nullo poscente, ferebat,
freely, of itself, spontaneously, Verg. G. 1, 127.
2.
līber, ĕri ( gen. plur. liberūm, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 9; Turp. ap. Non. 495, 26; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; 2, 1, 30, § 77; Tac. A. 2, 38; 3, 25 saep.; cf. Cic. Or. 46, 155;
but also: liberorum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 76; 2, 5, 42, § 109), m. [1. liber], a child.
I.
Sing. (post-class. and rare):
si quis maximam portionem libero relinquat,
Cod. Just. 3, 28, 33; 5, 9, 8 fin.; Quint. Decl. 2, 8.—
II.
Plur., children (freq.; but in class. Lat. only of children with reference to their parents: pueri = children in general, as younger than adulescentes; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 657 sq.).
A.
Lit.: liberorum genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155 (Trag. v. 347 Vahl.): liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, id. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):
cum conjugibus et liberis,
Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3:
eum ex C. Fadii filiā liberos habuisse,
id. ib. 16, 11, 1:
liberos procreare,
id. Tusc. 5, 37, 109:
suscipere liberos,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 161:
per liberos te precor,
Hor. Epod. 5, 5:
dulces,
id. ib. 2, 40:
parvuli,
Quint. 2, 15, 8;
opp. parentes,
id. 11, 1, 82; 3, 7, 18; 26; 6, 1, 18; 6, 5 al.: mater quae liberos, quasi oculos (amisit), orba est, Sulp. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 182 Müll.: jus trium liberorum, under the emperors, a privilege enjoyed by those who had three legitimate children (it consisted in the permission to fill a public office before one's twenty-fifth year, and in freedom from personal burdens); this privilege was sometimes also bestowed on those who had fewer than three children, or even none at all; also of one child:
non est sine liberis, cui vel unus filius unave filia est,
Dig. 50, 16, 148; Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 6; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 99; id. And. 5, 3, 20; Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 2; id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; id. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; ib. 30, § 76 Zumpt; cf. also Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:
neque ejus legendam filiam (virginem Vestalem)... qui liberos tres haberet,
Gell. 1, 12, 8:
uxores duxerant, ex quibus plerique liberos habebant,
Caes. B. C. 3, 110, 2.—Of grandchildren and great-grandchildren:
liberorum appellatione nepotes et pronepotes ceterique qui ex his descendunt, continentur,
Dig. 50, 16, 220; cf.:
liberi usque ad trinepotem, ultra hos posteriores vocantur,
ib. 38, 10, 10, § 7:
habitus sis in liberum loco,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40.—
2.
Esp.
(α).
Of sons (opp. daughters):
procreavit liberos septem totidemque filias,
Hyg. Fab. 9.—
(β).
Of children in gen. = pueri:
praecepta Chrysippi de liberorum educatione,
Quint. 1, 11, 17; cf.: Catus aut de liberis educandis, the title of a book by Varro, v. Gell. 4, 19, 2; Macr. S. 3, 6, 5.—
B.
Transf., of animals, young:
liberis orbas oves,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 38.—Comically:
quaerunt litterae hae sibi liberos: alia aliam scandit,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 23.
3.
Līber, ĕri (Sabine collat. form, loebasius, acc. to Serv. Verg. G. 1, 7; cf. 1. liber, and libertas init.), m. [Gr. leibô, to pour; loibê, a drink - offering; Lat. libare], an old Italian deity, who presided over planting and fructification; afterwards identified with the Greek Bacchus:
hunc dico Liberum Semelā natum, non eum, quem nostri majores auguste sancteque Liberum cum Cerere et Libera consecraverunt. Sed quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera: quod in Libera servant, in Libero non item,
Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 5; Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:
tertio (invocabo) Cererem et Liberum, quod horum fructus maxime necessarii ad victum: ab his enim cibus et potio venit e fundo,
Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 5:
Liber et alma Ceres,
Verg. G. 1, 7:
ex aede Liberi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 128;
in a pun with 1. liber,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 46; cf. id. Curc. 1, 2, 21; id. Stich. 5, 4, 17; so in a pun with liber, free:
quiaque adeo me complevi flore Liberi, Magis libera uti lingua collibitum est mihi,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 8; cf.:
salve, anime mi, lepos Liberi, ut veteris ego sum cupida, etc.,
id. Curc. 1, 2, 3.— Connected with pater:
sic factum, ut Libero patri repertori vitis hirci immolarentur,
Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 19:
Romulus et Liber pater,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 5:
per vestigia Liberi patris,
Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 39:
patre favente Libero fetis palmitibus,
Col. 3, 21, 3:
Libero patri in monte res divina celebratur,
Macr. S. 1, 18, 4.—
B.
Meton., wine:
illud, quod erat a deo donatum, nomine ipsius dei nuncupabant: ut cum fruges Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Liberum: ex quo illud Terentii (Eun. 4, 5, 6): sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60:
Liberum et Cererem pro vino et pane,
Quint. 8, 6, 24; cf. also Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 4 supra:
sed pressum Calibus ducere Liberum Si gestis, etc.,
Hor. C. 4, 12, 14:
condita cum verax aperit praecordia Liber,
id. S. 1, 4, 89.
4.
lĭber, bri, m. [Gr. lepein, to peel; lepos, lepis; cf. lobos], the inner bark or rind of a tree.
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen.:
obducuntur libro aut cortice trunci,
Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120:
colligatae libris (arundines),
Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 4:
udoque docent (germen) inolescere libro,
Verg. G. 2, 77:
natam libro et silvestri subere clausam,
id. A. 11, 554; id. E. 10, 67:
quam denso fascia libro,
Juv. 6, 263.—
B.
Esp., because the ancients used the bark or rind of trees to write upon; usually the thin rind of the Egyptian papyrus, on which the books of the Greeks and Romans were usually written (v. Dict. of Antiq. p. 587 sq.):
antea non fuisse chartarum usum. In palmarum foliis primo scriptitatum, dein quarundam arborum libris,
Plin. 13, 11, 21, § 69.—Hence,
II.
Transf.
A.
Paper, parchment, or rolls of any substance used to write upon (cf.:
charta, membrana): quasi quom in libro scribuntur calamo litterae,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 131.—
B.
Most freq. a book, work, treatise:
Demetrii liber de concordia,
Cic. Att. 8, 12, 6:
quas (sententias) hoc libro exposui,
id. Lael. 1, 3; cf. id. ib. 1, 5:
dixi in eo libro, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,
id. de Sen. 15, 54:
libros pervolutare,
id. Att. 5, 12, 2:
evolvere,
id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24:
volvere,
id. Brut. 87, 298:
legere,
id. Fam. 6, 6, 8:
edere,
id. Fat. 1, 1:
libri confectio,
id. de Sen. 1, 1:
tempus ad libros vacuum,
id. Rep. 1, 9, 14:
cujus (Platonis) in libris,
id. ib. 1, 10, 16:
in Graecorum libris,
id. ib. 2, 11, 21:
librum, si malus est, nequeo laudare,
Juv. 3, 41:
actorum libri,
the official gazette, id. 9, 84; cf. 2, 136; and v. Dict. Antiq. s. v. Acta.—
C.
In partic.
1.
A division of a work a look:
tres libri perfecti sunt de Natura Deorum,
Cic. Div. 2, 1, 3:
hi tres libri (de Officiis),
id. Off. 3, 33, 121:
sermo in novem libros distributus,
id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 1:
dictum est in libro superiore,
id. Off. 2, 13, 43 [p. 1058] sicut superiore libro continetur, Quint. 11, 1, 1:
versus de libro Ennii annali sexto,
id. 6, 3, 86:
liber primus, secundus, tertius, etc.,
id. 8, 1, 2; 10, 2, 20; 11, 1, 4 al. —Sometimes, in this latter case, liber is omitted:
in T. Livii primo,
Quint. 9, 2, 37:
in tertio de Oratore,
id. 9, 1, 26:
legi tuum nuper quartum de Finibus,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32.—
2.
In relig. or pub. law lang., a religious book, scriptures; a statute - book, code:
decemviris adire libros jussis,
i. e. the Sibylline books, Liv. 34, 55; 21, 62; 25, 12:
se cum legeret libros, recordatum esse, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:
ut in libris est Etruscorum,
id. Div. 2, 23, 50; id. Att. 9, 9, 3:
caerimoniarum,
rituals, Tac. A. 3, 38.—
D.
A list, catalogue, register, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167.—
E.
A letter, epistle, Nep. Lys. 4, 2; Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 5.—
F.
A rescript, decree (post-Aug.):
liber principis severus et tamen moderatus,
Plin. Ep. 5, 14, 8.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Liber
15 liber

1.
līber, ĕra, ĕrum (old form, loebesum et loebertatem antiqui dicebant liberum et libertatem. Ita Graeci loibên et leibein, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.; cf. 2. Liber), adj. [Gr. root liph-, liptô, to desire; cf. Sanscr. lub-dhas, desirous; Lat. libet, libido], that acts according to his own will and pleasure, is his own master; free, unrestricted, unrestrained, unimpeded, unshackled; independent, frank, open, bold (opp. servus, servilis).
I.
In gen.; constr. absol., with ab, the abl., and poet. also with gen.
(α).
Absol.:
dictum est ab eruditissimis viris, nisi sapientem liberum esse neminem. Quid est enim libertas? Potestas vivendi ut velis,
Cic. Par. 5, 1, 33:
an ille mihi liber, cui mulier imperat, cui leges imponit, praescribit, jubet, vetat? etc.,
id. ib. 5, 2, 36:
ad scribendi licentiam liber,
id. N. D. 1, 44, 123:
agri immunes ac liberi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 166:
integro animo ac libero causam defendere,
unprejudiced, unbiased, id. Sull. 31, 86:
liberi ad causas solutique veniebant,
not under obligations, not bribed, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78 § 192; cf.:
libera lingua,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 9:
cor liberum,
id. Ep. 1, 2, 43:
vocem liberam mittere adversus aliquem,
Liv. 35, 32, 6:
libera verba animi proferre,
Juv. 4, 90: judicium [p. 1057] audientium relinquere integrum ac liberum, Cic. Div. 2, 72, 150:
aliquid respuere ingenuo liberoque fastidio,
id. Brut. 67, 236:
libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio,
id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:
tibi uni vexatio direptioque sociorum impunita fuit ac libera,
id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:
pars quaestionum vaga et libera et late patens,
id. de Or. 2, 16, 67:
liberum arbitrium eis populo Romano permittente,
Liv. 31, 11 fin.; cf. id. 37, 1, 5:
mandata,
full powers, unlimited authority, id. 37, 56; 38, 8:
fenus,
unlimited, id. 35, 7: custodia, free custody (i. e. confinement to a house or to a town), id. 24, 45; Vell. 1, 11, 1;
v. custodia, II.: legatio, v. legatio: suffragia,
the right of voting freely, Juv. 8, 211:
locus,
free from intruders, undisturbed, secure, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 49; 3, 2, 25; id. Cas. 3, 2, 4: aedes, a free house, free dwelling (assigned to the use of ambassadors of friendly nations during their stay in Rome), Liv. 30, 17 fin.; 35, 23; 42, 6:
lectulus,
i. e. not shared with a wife, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5: toga ( poet. for virilis toga), a man's (prop. of one who is his own master), Ov. F. 3, 771:
vestis,
id. ib. 3, 777:
libera omnia sibi servare,
to reserve to one's self full liberty, Plin. Ep. 1, 5.— Comp.:
hoc liberiores et solutiores sumus, quod, etc.,
Cic. Ac. 2, 3, 8:
est finitimus oratori poëta, numeris astrictior paulo, verborum licentia liberior,
id. de Or. 1, 16, 70:
liberiores litterae,
id. Att. 1, 13, 1:
amicitia remissior esse debet et liberior et dulcior,
freer, more unrestrained, more cheerful, id. Lael. 18 fin.:
paulo liberior sententia,
Quint. 4, 2, 121:
liberior in utramque partem disputatio,
id. 7, 2, 14:
fusiores liberioresque numeri,
id. 9, 4, 130:
officia liberiora plenioraque,
id. 6, 1, 9:
(flumina) campo recepta Liberioris aquae,
freer, less impeded, Ov. M. 1, 41; cf.:
(Tiberinus) campo liberiore natat,
freer, opener, id. F. 4, 292:
liberiore frui caelo,
freer, opener, id. M. 15, 301.— Sup.:
liberrimum hominum genus, comici veteres tradunt, etc.,
the frankest, most free-spoken, Quint. 12, 2, 22; cf.:
liberrime Lolli,
most frank, most ingenuous, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1:
indignatio,
id. Epod. 4, 10.—
(β).
Free or exempt from, void of; with ab:
Mamertini vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23; cf.:
(consul) solutus a cupiditatibus, liber a delictis,
id. Agr. 1, 9, 27:
ab observando homine perverso liber,
id. Att. 1, 13, 2:
liber a tali irrisione Socrates, liber Aristo Chius,
id. Ac. 2, 39, 123:
ab omni animi perturbatione liber,
id. Off. 1, 20, 67; id. N. D. 2, 21, 55:
loca abdita et ab arbitris libera,
id. Att. 15, 16, B:
libera a ferro crura,
Ov. P. 1, 6, 32:
animus liber a partibus rei publicae,
Sall. C. 4.—
(γ).
With abl.:
animus omni liber curā et angore,
free from, without, Cic. Fin. 1, 15:
animus religione,
Liv. 2, 36:
animus cogitationibus aliis,
Quint. 11, 2, 35:
mens omnibus vitiis,
id. 12, 1, 4; cf.:
liberis odio et gratia mentibus,
id. 5, 11, 37:
omni liber metu,
Liv. 7, 34:
liber invidia,
Quint. 12, 11, 7:
equus carcere,
Ov. Am. 2, 9, 20.—
(δ).
With gen. ( poet.):
liber laborum,
Hor. A. P. 212:
fati gens Lydia,
Verg. A. 10, 154:
curarum,
Luc. 4, 384. — Comp.:
liberior campi,
having a wider space, Stat. S. 4, 2, 24.—
(ε).
Liberum est, with subject-clause:
quam (opinionem) sequi magis probantibus liberum est,
it is free, permitted, allowable, Quint. 6, 3, 112; Plin. Ep. 1, 8:
dies eligere certos liberum erat,
Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 16.—So in abl. absol.:
libero, quid firmaret mutaretve,
Tac. A. 3, 60.
II.
In partic.
A.
Free, in a social point of view, not a slave (opp. servus;
also to ingenuus): neque vendendam censes quae libera est,
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40; cf. id. ib. v. 28:
dis habeo gratiam quom aliquot affuerunt liberae, because slaves were not permitted to testify,
id. And. 4, 4, 32; opp. ingenuus, free-born:
quid ea? ingenuan' an festucā facta e servā liberast?
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 14:
in jure civili, qui est matre liberā, liber est,
Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45; id. Caecin. 36, 96:
si neque censu, neque vindictā, nec testamento liber factus est (servus), non est liber,
id. Top. 2, 10:
quae (assentatio) non modo amico, sed ne libero quidem digna est,
of a freeman, id. Lael. 24, 89; Quint. 11, 1, 43:
liberorum hominum alii ingenui sunt, alii libertini,
Gai. Inst. 1, 10; cf. sqq.: ex ancilla et libero jure gentium servus nascitur, id. ib. 1, 82; cf. § 85; Paul. Sent. 2, 24, 1 sqq.—
B.
Free, in a political point of view;
said both of a people not under monarchical rule and of one not in subjection to another people,
Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48; cf.:
ut ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum, sic hunc nimis liberum populum libertas ipsa servitute afficit,
id. ib. 1, 44, 68:
liber populus,
id. ib. 3, 34, 46:
(Demaratus) vir liber ac fortis,
democratic, republican, fond of liberty, id. ib. 2, 19, 34:
civitates liberae atque immunes,
free from service, Liv. 37, 55:
provinciae civitatesque liberae,
Suet. Vesp. 8:
libera ac foederata oppida,
id. Calig. 3:
Roma patrem patriae Ciceronem libera dixit,
Juv. 8, 244.—
C.
In a bad sense, esp. with reference to sensual pleasure, unbridled, unchecked, unrestrained, licentious:
quam liber harum rerum multarum siet (Juppiter),
Plaut. Am. prol. 105:
adulescens imprudens et liber,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 40; cf.:
sit adulescentia liberior,
somewhat freer, Cic. Cael. 18, 42:
amores soluti et liberi,
id. Rep. 4, 4, 4:
consuetudo peccandi,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177.—Hence, adv.: lībĕrē, freely, unrestrictedly, without let or hinderance; frankly, openly, boldly:
qui nihil dicit, nihil facit, nihil cogitat denique, nisi libenter ac libere,
Cic. Par. 5, 1, 34:
animus somno relaxatus solute movetur et libere,
id. Div. 2, 48, 100:
respirare,
id. Quint. 11, 39:
constanter et libere (me gessi),
id. Att. 4, 16, 9:
consilium dare,
id. Lael. 13, 44:
aliquid magis accusatorie quam libere dixisse,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:
omnia libere fingimus et impune,
Quint. 6, 1, 43:
ut ingredi libere (oratio), non ut licenter videatur errare,
Cic. Or. 23, 77.— Comp.:
liberius vivendi fuit potestas,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 23:
loqui,
Cic. Planc. 13, 33:
fortius liberiusque defendere,
Quint. 12, 1, 21:
liberius si Dixero quid,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 103:
maledicere,
id. ib. 2, 8, 37:
longius et liberius exseritur digitus,
Quint. 11, 3, 92; cf. id. 11, 3, 97:
ipsaque tellus Omnia liberius, nullo poscente, ferebat,
freely, of itself, spontaneously, Verg. G. 1, 127.
2.
līber, ĕri ( gen. plur. liberūm, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 9; Turp. ap. Non. 495, 26; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; 2, 1, 30, § 77; Tac. A. 2, 38; 3, 25 saep.; cf. Cic. Or. 46, 155;
but also: liberorum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 76; 2, 5, 42, § 109), m. [1. liber], a child.
I.
Sing. (post-class. and rare):
si quis maximam portionem libero relinquat,
Cod. Just. 3, 28, 33; 5, 9, 8 fin.; Quint. Decl. 2, 8.—
II.
Plur., children (freq.; but in class. Lat. only of children with reference to their parents: pueri = children in general, as younger than adulescentes; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 657 sq.).
A.
Lit.: liberorum genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155 (Trag. v. 347 Vahl.): liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, id. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):
cum conjugibus et liberis,
Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3:
eum ex C. Fadii filiā liberos habuisse,
id. ib. 16, 11, 1:
liberos procreare,
id. Tusc. 5, 37, 109:
suscipere liberos,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 161:
per liberos te precor,
Hor. Epod. 5, 5:
dulces,
id. ib. 2, 40:
parvuli,
Quint. 2, 15, 8;
opp. parentes,
id. 11, 1, 82; 3, 7, 18; 26; 6, 1, 18; 6, 5 al.: mater quae liberos, quasi oculos (amisit), orba est, Sulp. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 182 Müll.: jus trium liberorum, under the emperors, a privilege enjoyed by those who had three legitimate children (it consisted in the permission to fill a public office before one's twenty-fifth year, and in freedom from personal burdens); this privilege was sometimes also bestowed on those who had fewer than three children, or even none at all; also of one child:
non est sine liberis, cui vel unus filius unave filia est,
Dig. 50, 16, 148; Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 6; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 99; id. And. 5, 3, 20; Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 2; id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; id. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; ib. 30, § 76 Zumpt; cf. also Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:
neque ejus legendam filiam (virginem Vestalem)... qui liberos tres haberet,
Gell. 1, 12, 8:
uxores duxerant, ex quibus plerique liberos habebant,
Caes. B. C. 3, 110, 2.—Of grandchildren and great-grandchildren:
liberorum appellatione nepotes et pronepotes ceterique qui ex his descendunt, continentur,
Dig. 50, 16, 220; cf.:
liberi usque ad trinepotem, ultra hos posteriores vocantur,
ib. 38, 10, 10, § 7:
habitus sis in liberum loco,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40.—
2.
Esp.
(α).
Of sons (opp. daughters):
procreavit liberos septem totidemque filias,
Hyg. Fab. 9.—
(β).
Of children in gen. = pueri:
praecepta Chrysippi de liberorum educatione,
Quint. 1, 11, 17; cf.: Catus aut de liberis educandis, the title of a book by Varro, v. Gell. 4, 19, 2; Macr. S. 3, 6, 5.—
B.
Transf., of animals, young:
liberis orbas oves,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 38.—Comically:
quaerunt litterae hae sibi liberos: alia aliam scandit,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 23.
3.
Līber, ĕri (Sabine collat. form, loebasius, acc. to Serv. Verg. G. 1, 7; cf. 1. liber, and libertas init.), m. [Gr. leibô, to pour; loibê, a drink - offering; Lat. libare], an old Italian deity, who presided over planting and fructification; afterwards identified with the Greek Bacchus:
hunc dico Liberum Semelā natum, non eum, quem nostri majores auguste sancteque Liberum cum Cerere et Libera consecraverunt. Sed quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera: quod in Libera servant, in Libero non item,
Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 5; Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:
tertio (invocabo) Cererem et Liberum, quod horum fructus maxime necessarii ad victum: ab his enim cibus et potio venit e fundo,
Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 5:
Liber et alma Ceres,
Verg. G. 1, 7:
ex aede Liberi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 128;
in a pun with 1. liber,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 46; cf. id. Curc. 1, 2, 21; id. Stich. 5, 4, 17; so in a pun with liber, free:
quiaque adeo me complevi flore Liberi, Magis libera uti lingua collibitum est mihi,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 8; cf.:
salve, anime mi, lepos Liberi, ut veteris ego sum cupida, etc.,
id. Curc. 1, 2, 3.— Connected with pater:
sic factum, ut Libero patri repertori vitis hirci immolarentur,
Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 19:
Romulus et Liber pater,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 5:
per vestigia Liberi patris,
Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 39:
patre favente Libero fetis palmitibus,
Col. 3, 21, 3:
Libero patri in monte res divina celebratur,
Macr. S. 1, 18, 4.—
B.
Meton., wine:
illud, quod erat a deo donatum, nomine ipsius dei nuncupabant: ut cum fruges Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Liberum: ex quo illud Terentii (Eun. 4, 5, 6): sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60:
Liberum et Cererem pro vino et pane,
Quint. 8, 6, 24; cf. also Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 4 supra:
sed pressum Calibus ducere Liberum Si gestis, etc.,
Hor. C. 4, 12, 14:
condita cum verax aperit praecordia Liber,
id. S. 1, 4, 89.
4.
lĭber, bri, m. [Gr. lepein, to peel; lepos, lepis; cf. lobos], the inner bark or rind of a tree.
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen.:
obducuntur libro aut cortice trunci,
Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120:
colligatae libris (arundines),
Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 4:
udoque docent (germen) inolescere libro,
Verg. G. 2, 77:
natam libro et silvestri subere clausam,
id. A. 11, 554; id. E. 10, 67:
quam denso fascia libro,
Juv. 6, 263.—
B.
Esp., because the ancients used the bark or rind of trees to write upon; usually the thin rind of the Egyptian papyrus, on which the books of the Greeks and Romans were usually written (v. Dict. of Antiq. p. 587 sq.):
antea non fuisse chartarum usum. In palmarum foliis primo scriptitatum, dein quarundam arborum libris,
Plin. 13, 11, 21, § 69.—Hence,
II.
Transf.
A.
Paper, parchment, or rolls of any substance used to write upon (cf.:
charta, membrana): quasi quom in libro scribuntur calamo litterae,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 131.—
B.
Most freq. a book, work, treatise:
Demetrii liber de concordia,
Cic. Att. 8, 12, 6:
quas (sententias) hoc libro exposui,
id. Lael. 1, 3; cf. id. ib. 1, 5:
dixi in eo libro, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,
id. de Sen. 15, 54:
libros pervolutare,
id. Att. 5, 12, 2:
evolvere,
id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24:
volvere,
id. Brut. 87, 298:
legere,
id. Fam. 6, 6, 8:
edere,
id. Fat. 1, 1:
libri confectio,
id. de Sen. 1, 1:
tempus ad libros vacuum,
id. Rep. 1, 9, 14:
cujus (Platonis) in libris,
id. ib. 1, 10, 16:
in Graecorum libris,
id. ib. 2, 11, 21:
librum, si malus est, nequeo laudare,
Juv. 3, 41:
actorum libri,
the official gazette, id. 9, 84; cf. 2, 136; and v. Dict. Antiq. s. v. Acta.—
C.
In partic.
1.
A division of a work a look:
tres libri perfecti sunt de Natura Deorum,
Cic. Div. 2, 1, 3:
hi tres libri (de Officiis),
id. Off. 3, 33, 121:
sermo in novem libros distributus,
id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 1:
dictum est in libro superiore,
id. Off. 2, 13, 43 [p. 1058] sicut superiore libro continetur, Quint. 11, 1, 1:
versus de libro Ennii annali sexto,
id. 6, 3, 86:
liber primus, secundus, tertius, etc.,
id. 8, 1, 2; 10, 2, 20; 11, 1, 4 al. —Sometimes, in this latter case, liber is omitted:
in T. Livii primo,
Quint. 9, 2, 37:
in tertio de Oratore,
id. 9, 1, 26:
legi tuum nuper quartum de Finibus,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32.—
2.
In relig. or pub. law lang., a religious book, scriptures; a statute - book, code:
decemviris adire libros jussis,
i. e. the Sibylline books, Liv. 34, 55; 21, 62; 25, 12:
se cum legeret libros, recordatum esse, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:
ut in libris est Etruscorum,
id. Div. 2, 23, 50; id. Att. 9, 9, 3:
caerimoniarum,
rituals, Tac. A. 3, 38.—
D.
A list, catalogue, register, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167.—
E.
A letter, epistle, Nep. Lys. 4, 2; Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 5.—
F.
A rescript, decree (post-Aug.):
liber principis severus et tamen moderatus,
Plin. Ep. 5, 14, 8.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > liber
16 numen

nūmen, ĭnis, n. [for nuimen, root nu-; Gr. neuô, nod; Lat. nuo in re-nuo, etc], prop., a nodding with the head, a nod: numen quasi nutus dei ac potestas dicitur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 173 Müll.—Hence, trop., a nod, i. e. command, will.
* I.
In gen.:
ad numen mentis momenque moveri,
Lucr. 3, 144 (but id. 2, 632, and 4, 179, the correct reading is momine, v. Lachm.).—
II.
In partic., the divine will, the will or power of the gods, divine sway (the class. signif. of the word):
numen dicunt esse imperium, dictum ab nutu: numina sunt, quojus imperium maximum esse videatur,
Varr. L. L. 7, § 85 Müll.:
deo, cujus numini parent omnia,
Cic. Div. 1, 53, 120:
multa saepe prodigia vim ejus (Cereris) numenque declarant,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 107:
di inmortales suo numine atque auxilio sua templa atque urbis tecta defendunt,
id. Cat. 2, 13, 29:
numen interdictumque deorum immortalium,
id. Pis. 21, 48: nox et Diana, Nunc, nunc adeste, nunc in hostiles domos Iram atque numen vertite, Hor. Epod. [p. 1225] 5, 54.—To Fortune:
nullum numen abest, si sit prudentia,
Juv. 10, 365.—Hence, transf., of the will, might, authority of powerful persons:
flectere tenta Caesareum numen, numine, Bacche, tuo,
Ov. Tr. 5, 3, 45; cf. id. P. 4, 13, 24:
annuite, Patres Conscripti, nutum numenque vestrum invictum Campanis,
Liv. 7, 30; cf.:
quanta potestas, quanta majestas, quantum denique numen, sit historiae,
Plin. Ep. 9, 27, 1.—
B.
Godhead, divinity, deity, divine majesty, etc.:
numina Palladis,
Verg. A. 3, 543:
per Dianae numina,
Hor. Epod. 17, 3:
venerantur numina nymphae, Mygdonidesque nurus,
Ov. M. 6, 44:
audis... positas ut glaciet nives Puro numine Juppiter,
Hor. C. 3, 10, 8.—Concr., a divinity, deity, a god, goddess:
caeleste numen,
Liv. 1, 21, 1; Val. Max. 2, 4, 4; 5, 1, 3; Amm. 19, 1, 4:
summum,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 30, 4; Amm. 15, 8, 9; 17, 7, 3 al.:
templa et effigies numinum,
Tac. A. 1, 10; 1, 73; 3, 71; 15, 45; Suet. Calig. 22:
nos magna precati Numina,
Verg. A. 3, 634:
si quem Numina laeva sinunt,
id. G. 4, 7:
promissaque numine firmat,
i. e. by calling a god to witness, by an oath, Ov. M. 10, 430:
vadimus immixti haud numine nostro,
the divinity not with us, Verg. A. 2, 396, cf. sqq.:
hospes numinis Idaei,
Juv. 3, 138:
in contumeliam numinum,
Plin. Pan. 11:
Titus numinibus aequatus est,
id. ib. 35:
numinis loco habere,
Tac. G. 8:
numina quibus sacrificabat,
Val. Max. 5, 10, ext. 2:
ea numina, i. e. Apollo and Diana,
Tac. A. 3, 61; Plin. 4, 7, 12, § 25; 18, 13, 35, § 132.—Of the manes of a beloved person:
juro per illos manes, numina mei doloris,
Quint. 6 prooem. § 10 Spald.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > numen
17 patrium

1.
pā̆trĭus, a, um, adj. [pater], of or belonging to a father, fatherly, paternal (for syn. v paternus).
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen.:
esse exitio rei patriae suae,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 23:
rem patriam et gloriam majorum foedare,
id. Trin. 3, 2, 30:
animus patrius,
Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 2; Cic. Rosc. Am. 16, 46; Liv. 2, 5, 8:
res patria atque avita,
Cic. Verr. 1, 5, 13:
potestas,
id. Inv. 2, 17, 52; Sen. Clem. 1, 14, 2:
jus et potestas,
Cic. Phil. 2, 18, 46; Liv. 1, 26, 9:
majestas,
id. 4, 45, 8; 8, 7, 15:
auctoritas,
Cic. Cael. 16, 37:
amor,
id. Fin. 1, 7, 23:
benevolentia,
Tac. A. 4, 4:
maeror,
Cic. Fl. 42, 106; id. Imp. Pomp. 9, 22:
acerbitas,
Liv. 7, 5, 7:
monumentum,
Ter. Eun. prol. 13:
amor,
Verg. A. 1, 643: arae. i. e. of Father Apollo, Ov. M. 15, 723:
patrium mimae donare fundum laremque, Hor S. 1, 2, 56: dolor pedum,
hereditary, Plin. Ep. 1, 12: ucerbitas, i. e. of his father, Liv 7, 5, 7: di patrii, of one's forefathers. like theoi patrôioi, family gods, household gods, penates, Cic. Phil. 2, 20, 75, Tib. 2, 1, 17; Hyg. ap. Macr S. 3, 4 fin.:
hoc patrium est, potius consuefacere filium Suā sponte recte facere quam alieno metu, Ter Ad. 1, 1, 49.—Rarely, like paternus. = patris. patriā virtute praeditus filius,
Cic. Sest. 21, 48 sepulchrum patrium, id. Rosc. Am. 9, 24:
poenas patrias persequi,
id. Phil. 13, 20, 4: corpus patrium. Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 74; Tac. A. 5, 28:
patrio instituto deditus studio litterarum,
Cic. Brut. 20, 79; 59, 213:
mos patrius et disciplina,
id. Sen. 11, 37:
regnum patrium atque avitum,
id. Imp. Pomp. 8, 21.—
B.
In partic., in gram.:
patrius casus,
the genitive, Gell. 4, 16, 1; cf. patricus and paternus.—
II.
Transf., in gen.
A.
Handed down from one's forefathers, old-established, old, ancient (very rare): mos. hereditary, old-established custom, Cic. de Or. 1, 18, 84: leges. Vulg. 2 Macc. 7, 2.—
B.
Hereditary, innate, peculiar ( poet.):
praediscere patrios cultusque habitusque locorum,
Verg. G. 1, 52:
patrius hic (pedum dolor) illi,
the gout, Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 4. pavor genti, Sil 15, 722:
adde, cruentis Quod patriura saevire Dahis,
Val. Fl. 2, 157.—Hence,
C.
Subst.
1.
pā̆trĭa, ae (old gen. patrial, Lucr. 1, 41), f (sc. terra)
a.
One's fatherland, native land or country, native place:
erilis patria, salve,
Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 2:
eram imperator in patriā meā,
id. Ps. 4, 7, 75: patria, quae communis est omnium nostrum parens. Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17:
omnes omnium caritates patria una complexa est.,
id. Off. 1, 17, 57: o pater, o patria, o Priami domus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 118 Vahl.); cf.: o patria, o divum domus Ilium, Poët. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 2, 241; imitated by Verg. l. l.: o Romule, Romule die, Qualem te patriae custodem di genuerunt, Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 1, 41, 64 (Ann. v. 116 Vahl.):
patriā Atheniensis an Lacedaemonius,
Cic. Inv. 1, 24, 35: Hispaniam sibi antiquam patriam esse, Sall. Fragm. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 380.—
b.
A dwelling-place, home:
habuit alteram loci patriam, alteram juris,
Cic. Leg. 2, 2, 5:
Italiam quaero patriam,
Verg. A. 1, 380; cf. id. ib. 11, 25:
exuere patriam,
Tac. H. 5, 5; cf. id. Agr 32: patria major = mêtropolis, the mother-city of colonists, Curt. 4, 15, 5.—Hence, prov.: patria est, ubicumque est bene, Poët. (prob. Pacuv.) ap. Cic. Tusc. 5, 37, 108:
quia propheta in suā patriā honorem non habet,
Vulg. Johan. 4, 44; id. Marc. 6, 4; id. Luc. 4, 24.— Poet. of things; Nilus, Qui patriam tantae tam bene celat aquae, the home, i. e. the source, Ov. Am. 3, 6, 40:
nimborum in patriam,
Verg. A. 1, 51:
divisae arboribus patriae,
id. G. 2, 116; cf.:
una atque eadem est vini patria atque magistri,
Juv. 11, 161. —
* 2.
pā̆trĭum, ĭi, n. (sc. nomen), i. q. patronymicum, a patronymic, Quint. 1, 5, 45.—
* D.
Adv.: pā̆trĭē, paternally:
patrie monere,
Quint. 11, 1, 68.
2.
pā̆trĭus, a, um, adj. [patria].
I.
In gen., of or belonging to one's native country or home, native:
patrius sermo,
Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; Hor. A. P. 57:
mos,
Cic. Par. 4, 1, 27:
ritus,
id. Leg. 2, 9, 21:
carmen patrium canere,
a national song, Curt. 3, 3, 9:
Mycenae,
i. e. their home, Verg. A. 2, 180:
palaestrae,
id. ib. 3, 281:
vox,
Vulg. 2 Macc. 7, 8.—
II.
In partic., in gram.: nomen patrium, a gentile noun (like Romanus, Atheniensis, etc.), Prisc. p. 580 P.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > patrium
18 patrius

1.
pā̆trĭus, a, um, adj. [pater], of or belonging to a father, fatherly, paternal (for syn. v paternus).
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen.:
esse exitio rei patriae suae,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 23:
rem patriam et gloriam majorum foedare,
id. Trin. 3, 2, 30:
animus patrius,
Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 2; Cic. Rosc. Am. 16, 46; Liv. 2, 5, 8:
res patria atque avita,
Cic. Verr. 1, 5, 13:
potestas,
id. Inv. 2, 17, 52; Sen. Clem. 1, 14, 2:
jus et potestas,
Cic. Phil. 2, 18, 46; Liv. 1, 26, 9:
majestas,
id. 4, 45, 8; 8, 7, 15:
auctoritas,
Cic. Cael. 16, 37:
amor,
id. Fin. 1, 7, 23:
benevolentia,
Tac. A. 4, 4:
maeror,
Cic. Fl. 42, 106; id. Imp. Pomp. 9, 22:
acerbitas,
Liv. 7, 5, 7:
monumentum,
Ter. Eun. prol. 13:
amor,
Verg. A. 1, 643: arae. i. e. of Father Apollo, Ov. M. 15, 723:
patrium mimae donare fundum laremque, Hor S. 1, 2, 56: dolor pedum,
hereditary, Plin. Ep. 1, 12: ucerbitas, i. e. of his father, Liv 7, 5, 7: di patrii, of one's forefathers. like theoi patrôioi, family gods, household gods, penates, Cic. Phil. 2, 20, 75, Tib. 2, 1, 17; Hyg. ap. Macr S. 3, 4 fin.:
hoc patrium est, potius consuefacere filium Suā sponte recte facere quam alieno metu, Ter Ad. 1, 1, 49.—Rarely, like paternus. = patris. patriā virtute praeditus filius,
Cic. Sest. 21, 48 sepulchrum patrium, id. Rosc. Am. 9, 24:
poenas patrias persequi,
id. Phil. 13, 20, 4: corpus patrium. Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 74; Tac. A. 5, 28:
patrio instituto deditus studio litterarum,
Cic. Brut. 20, 79; 59, 213:
mos patrius et disciplina,
id. Sen. 11, 37:
regnum patrium atque avitum,
id. Imp. Pomp. 8, 21.—
B.
In partic., in gram.:
patrius casus,
the genitive, Gell. 4, 16, 1; cf. patricus and paternus.—
II.
Transf., in gen.
A.
Handed down from one's forefathers, old-established, old, ancient (very rare): mos. hereditary, old-established custom, Cic. de Or. 1, 18, 84: leges. Vulg. 2 Macc. 7, 2.—
B.
Hereditary, innate, peculiar ( poet.):
praediscere patrios cultusque habitusque locorum,
Verg. G. 1, 52:
patrius hic (pedum dolor) illi,
the gout, Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 4. pavor genti, Sil 15, 722:
adde, cruentis Quod patriura saevire Dahis,
Val. Fl. 2, 157.—Hence,
C.
Subst.
1.
pā̆trĭa, ae (old gen. patrial, Lucr. 1, 41), f (sc. terra)
a.
One's fatherland, native land or country, native place:
erilis patria, salve,
Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 2:
eram imperator in patriā meā,
id. Ps. 4, 7, 75: patria, quae communis est omnium nostrum parens. Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17:
omnes omnium caritates patria una complexa est.,
id. Off. 1, 17, 57: o pater, o patria, o Priami domus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 118 Vahl.); cf.: o patria, o divum domus Ilium, Poët. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 2, 241; imitated by Verg. l. l.: o Romule, Romule die, Qualem te patriae custodem di genuerunt, Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 1, 41, 64 (Ann. v. 116 Vahl.):
patriā Atheniensis an Lacedaemonius,
Cic. Inv. 1, 24, 35: Hispaniam sibi antiquam patriam esse, Sall. Fragm. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 380.—
b.
A dwelling-place, home:
habuit alteram loci patriam, alteram juris,
Cic. Leg. 2, 2, 5:
Italiam quaero patriam,
Verg. A. 1, 380; cf. id. ib. 11, 25:
exuere patriam,
Tac. H. 5, 5; cf. id. Agr 32: patria major = mêtropolis, the mother-city of colonists, Curt. 4, 15, 5.—Hence, prov.: patria est, ubicumque est bene, Poët. (prob. Pacuv.) ap. Cic. Tusc. 5, 37, 108:
quia propheta in suā patriā honorem non habet,
Vulg. Johan. 4, 44; id. Marc. 6, 4; id. Luc. 4, 24.— Poet. of things; Nilus, Qui patriam tantae tam bene celat aquae, the home, i. e. the source, Ov. Am. 3, 6, 40:
nimborum in patriam,
Verg. A. 1, 51:
divisae arboribus patriae,
id. G. 2, 116; cf.:
una atque eadem est vini patria atque magistri,
Juv. 11, 161. —
* 2.
pā̆trĭum, ĭi, n. (sc. nomen), i. q. patronymicum, a patronymic, Quint. 1, 5, 45.—
* D.
Adv.: pā̆trĭē, paternally:
patrie monere,
Quint. 11, 1, 68.
2.
pā̆trĭus, a, um, adj. [patria].
I.
In gen., of or belonging to one's native country or home, native:
patrius sermo,
Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; Hor. A. P. 57:
mos,
Cic. Par. 4, 1, 27:
ritus,
id. Leg. 2, 9, 21:
carmen patrium canere,
a national song, Curt. 3, 3, 9:
Mycenae,
i. e. their home, Verg. A. 2, 180:
palaestrae,
id. ib. 3, 281:
vox,
Vulg. 2 Macc. 7, 8.—
II.
In partic., in gram.: nomen patrium, a gentile noun (like Romanus, Atheniensis, etc.), Prisc. p. 580 P.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > patrius
19 pecunia

pĕcūnĭa, ae (on the oldest inscrr., also written PEQVNIA, as PEQVDES, PEQVLIVM), f. [pecus, because the wealth of the ancients consisted in cattle:
pecus, a quo pecunia universa, quod in pecore pecunia tum consistebat pastoribus,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 95 Müll.; cf. Fest. s. v. peculatus, p. 212 and 213 Müll.], property, riches, wealth (cf.: divitiae, res, bona, etc.).
I.
In gen.:
pecunia sacrificium fieri dicebatur, cum frugum fructuumque causā mola pura offerebatur in sacrificio, quia omnis res familiaris, quam nunc pecuniam dicimus, ex his rebus constaret,
Fest. p. 244 and 245 Müll.: SI FVRIOSVS EST AGNATORVM GENTILIVMQVE IN EO PECVNIAQVE EIVS POTESTAS ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 148; ib. ap. Ulp. Fragm. tit. 11, § 14: QVI CORONAM PARIT IPSE PECVNIAVE EIVS VIRTVTIS ERGO DVITOR EI, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Plin. 21, 3, 5, § 7:
pecuniam facere,
to accumulate property, Cic. Div. 1, 49, 111:
in alienam pecuniam invadere,
id. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:
ut pecunia fortunisque nostris contentus sit,
id. ib. 3, 7:
familiae aliquot cum mapalibus pecoribusque suis (ea pecunia illis est), etc.,
Liv. 29, 31.—
II.
In partic., money (syn.:
argentum, nummus): qui dabant olim pecuniam, non adnumerabant eam, sed appendebant,
Gai. Inst. 1, 122:
praesenti pecuniā mercari aliquid,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 8:
omnia vaenibunt praesenti pecuniā,
id. Men. 5, 9, 97:
pecunia numerata,
Cic. Top. 13, 53:
pecunia publica ex aerario erogata,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 165:
certa,
a specified sum, id. Rosc. Com. 5, 14:
potestas pecuniae conficiendae,
id. Agr. 2, 13, 33:
permagnam ex illā re pecuniam confici posse,
id. Verr. 1, 52, 138:
pecuniam cogere a civitatibus,
id. ib. 2, 3, 73, §
171: pecuniam numerare alicui ab aerario,
id. ib. 2, 3, 76, §
177: pecuniam publicam domum suam convertere,
id. ib. 2, 3, 76, §
176: pecunias civitatibus distribuere... avertere atque auferre,
id. ib. 2, 3, 73, §
171: devorare pecuniam publicam,
id. ib. 2, 3, 76, §
177: pecuniam alicui dissolvere,
id. ib. 2, 3, 77, §
180: solvere alicui,
id. Att. 5, 21, 10:
pecunias conferre ad statuas,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 77, § 180: alicui conferre in usum ejus, id. Fl. 23, 55:
transferre in quaestum et fenerationem,
id. ib. 23, 56:
deferre alicui,
id. ib. 23, 55:
credita nobis,
id. ib.:
gravi fenore occupare,
id. ib. 25, 59:
collocatam habere,
id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 18:
ex aerario exhaurire, ex vectigalibus redigere,
id. Agr. 2, 36, 88:
exige pecuniam a civitatibus,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 87, § 202:
ab sociis maximam pecuniam auferre,
id. ib. 2, 3, 96, §
224: plura mala nobis exhibet quam aliud quidquam,
Sen. Tranq. 8, 1:
majore tormento possidetur quam quaeritur,
id. Ep. 19, 6, 16:
et pecuniae obediunt omnia,
Vulg. Eccl. 10, 19.—So in plur.:
pecunias exigere, capere, imperare,
Cic. Pis. 16, 38:
pecunias auferre ab aliquo,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 175:
pecunias sumere mutuas,
id. ib. 2, 1, 10, § 28;
2, 2, 70, § 170: mutuas pecunias faenore quaerens,
Liv. 35, 49, 11; Suet. Galb. 9; cf. Zumpt ad Cic. Verr. 1, p. 70:
DIES PECVNIAE,
the day of payment, Inscr. Grut. 207, 3.—Hence,
2.
(Late Lat.) Copper coins:
scenicis numquam aurum, numquam argentum, vix pecuniam donavit,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 33, § 3.—
3.
Personified:
Pecunia,
the goddess of gain, Arn. 4, 132; cf. Juv. 1, 113.—Also, an epithet of Jupiter, Aug. Civ. Dei, 7, 11; cf. id. ib. 4, 21; cf. also Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 37.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > pecunia
20 penes

pĕnĕs, prep. with acc. [from the root pa- of pasco, v. Penates], with, in the possession or power of; connected only with names of persons, and freq. foll. its case (class.).
I.
Chiefly to denote possession: virtus omnia in se habet;
omnia assunt bona, quem penes est virtus,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 21; id. Capt. 2, 1, 37; cf. id. Truc. 5, 9:
agri, quorum penes Cn. Pompeium omne judicium et potestas debet esse,
Cic. Agr. 2, 19, 52; cf.:
penes quem est potestas,
id. Fam. 4, 7, 3:
eloquentia non modo eos ornat, penes quos est, sed, etc.,
id. Or. 41, 142; id. Brut. 74, 258:
quod penes eos summam victoriae constare intellegebant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 21 fin.; id. B. C. 1, 87:
si volet usus, Quem penes arbitrium est et jus et norma loquendi,
Hor. A. P. 72: me penes est [p. 1329] unum vasti custodia mundi, Ov. F. 1, 119. —So, penes se esse, have control of one's self (en heautôi einai):
penes te es?
Hor. S. 2, 3, 273 (for which:
apud se esse,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 48).—
II.
Transf., with, in, in the presence or power of, in the house of, without the notion of possession:
sine dote, cum ejus rem penes me habeam domi,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 5:
thesaurum tuum Me esse penes,
id. ib. 5, 2, 22; id. Truc. 1, 1, 4; id. Aul. 4, 4, 27:
isthaec jam penes vos psaltria'st?
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 34:
hi (servi) centum dies penes accusatorem cum fuissent,
Cic. Mil. 22, 60; Caes. B. C. 1, 76, 4:
si penes servum tabulae fuerint,
Dig. 43, 5, 3:
penes regem, noli velle videri sapiens,
Vulg. Ecclus. 7, 5:
mentis causa malae est penes te,
Juv. 14, 226.—Rarely with an abstract object: plures ejus rei causas afferebat, potissimam penes incuriam virorum feminarumque, the principal ( cause) consisted in the indifference, etc., Tac. A. 4, 16.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > penes

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