politeness

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cīvīlĭtas, ātis, f. [civilis].

(Acc. to civilis, I. B.) The art of government, politics, only three times in Quint. as transl. of the Gr. politikê, 2, 15, 25; 2, 15, 33; 2, 17, 14. —

(Acc. to civilis, II.) Courteousness, politeness, affability (post-Aug. and rare), Suet. Aug. 51; id. Claud. 35; Eutr. 7, 21; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 20.

hospĕs, ĭtis ( gen. plur. hospitium, Liv. 4, 35, 4), m.; hospĭta, ae, f. (cf. antistita from antistes, sospita from sospes, sacerdota from sacerdos, etc., but hospes, f., Att. ap. Non. 279, 11;

Trag. Fragm. v. 51 Rib.: hospes amica,

Ov. F. 6, 510:

Aurora,

Stat. Th. 6, 272; Sen. Agam. 318 al.) [= hostipets, hostis, a stranger; pa-, root of pasco, pater, to feed, hence],

He who entertains a stranger, a host (one who entertains gratuitously, as a friend: caupo, one who entertains for pay);

form hospes: alterum ad cauponem devertisse, ad hospitem alterum,

Cic. Div. 1, 27, 57; so id. Fin. 5, 2, 4:

tendimus hinc recta Beneventum, ubi sedulus hospes Paene macros, arsit, dum turdos versat in igne, etc.,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 71:

succinctus,

id. ib. 2, 6, 107:

amabilis,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 132:

hospitis affectu salutare,

with a host's politeness, Juv. 8, 161.—Esp., one upon whom soldiers are quartered, Tac. H. 2, 66; 3, 41.—Hence repeated of both host and guest:

per dexteram istam te oro, quam regi Deiotaro hospes hospiti porrexisti,

Cic. Deiot. 3, 8; so,

non hospes ab hospite tutus,

Ov. M. 1, 144:

Juppiter, = hospitalis,

id. ib. 10, 224.— Fem., hospita, she who entertains a guest, a hostess:

femina primaria, Servilia, vetere Dionis hospita,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 24:

figura et lineamenta hospitae,

id. ib. 2, 2, 36, §

89: Helene,

Hor. C. 1, 15, 2.—In late Lat., for a concubine, Inscr. Orell. 2669; 4996. —

Transf.

A sojourner, visitor, guest, friend, xenos. Lit.:

in domo clari hominis, in quam et hospites multi recipiendi et admittenda hominum cujusque modi multitudo,

Cic. Off. 1, 39, 139:

libri inter Cratippi commentarios tamquam hospites recipiendi,

id. ib. 3, 33, 121:

recipere hospites,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 25, § 65:

accipere hospitem,

id. Fam. 9, 26 fin.:

non hospites, sed peregrini atque advenae,

id. Agr. 2, 34, 94:

habuisses non hospitem, sed contubernalem,

id. Fam. 9, 20, 1:

et hostem et hospitem vidit,

id. Div. 2, 37, 79; 6, 6, 2:

is qui nuper Romae fuit Menedemus hospes meus,

id. de Or. 1, 19, 85; cf. id. Lael. 7, 24:

Polybius noster hospes,

id. Rep. 4, 3:

id factum ex suis hospitibus Caesar cognoverat,

Caes. B. G. 5, 6, 2:

in suos notos hospitesque quaerebant,

id. B. C. 1, 74, 5:

hospes familiae vestrae,

Cic. Lael. 11, 36: homo multorum [p. 867] hospitum, id. Clu. 59, 163:

mihi seu longum post tempus venerat hospes Sive, etc.,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 118:

si vespertinus subito te oppresserit hospes,

id. ib. 2, 4, 17:

hospite venturo, cessabit nemo tuorum,

Juv. 14, 59: in officiis apud majores ita observatum est: primum tutelae, deinde hospiti, deinde clienti, tum cognato, postea adfini, Sabin. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 5.—In fem.:

meamne hic in via hospitam, Quae heri huc Athenis cum hospite advenit meo, etc.,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 8; id. ib. 71; Ter. And. 2, 6, 8; Cic. Att. 5, 1, 3.—

Opp. to a native, a stranger, foreigner (syn.:

advena, peregrinus, peregrinator, alienus): adeone hospes hujusce urbis, adeone ignarus es disciplinae consuetudinisque nostrae, ut haec nescias?

Cic. Rab. Perd. 10, 28:

nec peregrinus atque hospes in agendo,

id. de Or. 1, 50, 218:

nos in nostra urbe peregrinantes errantesque tamquam hospites tui libri quasi domum deduxerunt,

id. Ac. 1, 3, 9.—So in addressing a foreigner, like the Gr. xene, stranger:

cum (Theophrastus) percontaretur ex anicula quadam, quanti aliquid venderet, et respondisset illa atque addidisset, Hospes, non pote minoris: tulisse eum moleste, se non effugere hospitis speciem, cum aetatem ageret Athenis optimeque loqueretur,

id. Brut. 46, 172; Quint. 8, 1, 2: dic, hospes, Spartae, nos te hic vidisse jacentes, Cic. poët. Tusc. 1, 42, 101 (a transl. of the Gr. Ô xein, angellein Aakedaimoniois, etc., Herod. 7, 228): hospes, quid miras curare Serapin? Varr. ap. Non. 480, 30; Prop. 4, 1, 1.— Fem., hospita, a female stranger:

hanc hospitam crepidula ut graphice decet,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 2, 3.—

Hence, a stranger in any matter, ignorant of, unacquainted with:

si erit idem in consuetudine civitatis hospes,

Cic. de Or. 2, 30, 131:

vos ignoretis, vos hospites in hac urbe versamini,

id. Mil. 12, 33.—

Of inanim. or abstr. things adjectively, hospitable; strange, foreign.

Form hospes (only in post-Aug. poets): gemma, Pall. Insit. init.:

tecta, etc.,

Stat. Th. 12, 479:

cymba,

id. S. 5, 1, 252:

honor,

Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 650.—

Form hospita (in the fem. and neutr. plur. mostly poet.): hirundines hospitae, Varr. ap. Arn. 6, 207:

navis,

Ov. F. 1, 340:

quo tutior hospita lustres Aequora,

Verg. A. 3, 377:

conjunx hospita Teucris,

id. ib. 6, 93:

terra hospita,

id. ib. 3, 539:

tecta,

Val. Fl. 2, 650:

flumina,

Stat. Th. 4, 842:

litora mundo,

id. S. 3, 5, 75:

unda plaustris,

bearing wagons on its frozen surface, Verg. G. 3, 362:

vina,

Val. Fl. 1, 44.

hūmānĭtas, ātis, f. [humanus], human nature, humanity, in a good sense; the qualities, feelings, and inclinations of mankind.

In gen. (for the most part only in Cic.):

magna est vis humanitatis, multum valet communio sanguinis,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 22, 63:

naturas hominum vimque omnem humanitatis penitus perspicere,

id. de Or. 1, 12, 53:

humanitatis societas,

id. Rep. 2, 26:

communis humanitatis jus,

id. Fl. 11, 24; cf.:

communis humanitatis causa,

id. Quint. 16, 51:

peterem errato veniam ex humanitate communi,

id. Sull. 23, 64:

humanitatis prima species,

id. Tusc. 4, 14, 32:

at natura certe dedit, ut humanitatis non parum haberes,

id. Rosc. Am. 16, 46:

humanitatem tuam amoremque in tuos reditus celeritas declarabit,

id. Att. 4, 15, 2:

nec potuisse (te) non commoveri (viri amicissimi morte) nec fuisse id humanitatis tuae,

id. Lael. 2, 8:

fac, id quod est humanitatis tuae, ne quid aliud cures hoc tempore, nisi ut quam commodissime convalescas,

which you owe to yourself as a man, id. Fam. 16, 11, 1:

assiduitate molestiarum sensum omnem humanitatis ex animis amittimus,

id. Rosc. Am. 53, 154 fin.; cf.:

jam ad ista obduruimus et humanitatem omnem exuimus,

id. Att. 13, 2, 1; id. Lig. 5, 14:

nisi ex ejus animo exstirpatam humanitatem arbitramur,

id. Lael. 13, 48:

age vero, quid esse potest in otio aut jucundius aut magis proprium humanitatis quam sermo facetus ac nulla in re rudis?

id. de Or. 1, 8, 32:

homines quidem pereunt: ipsa humanitas, ad quam homo effingitur, permanet,

Sen. Ep. 65.—

Transf., concr., i. q. humanum genus, the human race, mankind (very rare;

mostly post-class.): ista in figura hominis feritas a communi tamquam humanitatis corpore segreganda est,

Cic. Off. 3, 6, 32:

humanitatem hoc loco dicimus omne hominum genus,

Hier. Ep. 147:

timorem omnem, quo humanitas regitur, sustulerunt,

Min. Fel. Oct. 8; App. Dogm. Plat. 1, p. 11; id. Trism. p. 288.

In partic.

Humane or gentle conduct towards others, humanity, philanthropy, gentleness, kindness, politeness (syn.: comitas, facilitas, mansuetudo, clementia, opp. severitas;

very freq. and class.): quemquamne existimas Catone proavo tuo commodiorem, communiorem, moderatiorem fuisse ad omnem rationem humanitatis?... Sed si illius comitatem et facilitatem tuae gravitati severitatique asperseris, etc.,

Cic. Mur. 31, 66; cf.:

pro tua facilitate et humanitate,

id. Fam. 13, 24, 2:

difficillimam illam societatem gravitatis cum humanitate,

id. Leg. 3, 1, 1:

ut summa severitas summa cum humanitate jungatur,

id. Fam. 12, 27:

ad humanitatem atque mansuetudinem revocavit animos hominum, studiis bellandi jam immanes ac feros,

id. Rep. 2, 14; cf. id. Sull. 33, 92; id. de Imp. Pomp. 14, 42; cf.

also: omnia plena clementiae, mansuetudinis, humanitatis,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8 fin.; and: pro sua clementia atque humanitate, Hirt. B. G. 8, 21, 2; Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 2:

tantaque poena (eos) afficiamus, quantam aequitas humanitasque patitur,

Cic. Off. 2, 5, 18:

singularis humanitas suavissimique mores,

id. Att. 16, 16, A, 6:

Caesaris summa erga nos humanitas,

id. Fam. 4, 13, 2; cf.:

amorem erga me, humanitatem suavitatemque desidero,

id. Att. 15, 1, A, 1:

humanitas vetat superbum esse adversus socios,

Sen. Ep. 88 med.:

humanitatis praecipua pars est, honestissimum quemque complecti, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 9, 5, 1:

illa vero vitiosissima, quae jam humanitas vocatur, invicem qualiacumque laudandi,

Quint. 2, 2, 10.—

Mental cultivation befitting a man, liberal education, good breeding, elegance of manners or language, refinement (cf. on this signif. Gell. 13, 16; syn.: doctrina, litterae, eruditio;

freq. and class.): homo non communium litterarum et politioris humanitatis expers,

Cic. de Or. 2, 17, 72:

esse politum propriis humanitatis artibus,

id. Rep. 1, 17; cf.:

humanitate politiores,

id. de Or. 2, 37, 154:

in omni recto studio atque humanitate versari,

id. ib. 1, 60, 256:

sine ulla bona arte, sine humanitate, sine ingenio, sine litteris,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 98:

doctrinae studium atque humanitatis,

id. Cael. 10, 24; cf.:

propter humanitatem atque doctrinam Anco regi familiaris,

id. Rep. 2, 20:

in omni genere sermonis, in omni parte humanitatis dixerim oratorem perfectum esse debere,

id. de Or. 1, 16, 71; cf. id. ib. 1, 9, 35 (Ellendt ad loc.):

orator inops quidam humanitatis atque inurbanus,

id. ib. 2, 10, 40:

ea quae multum ab humanitate discrepant, ut si quis in foro cantet,

good manners, id. Off. 1, 40, 145:

Socratem opinor in hac ironia dissimulantiaque longe lepore et humanitate omnibus praestisse,

polished language, id. de Or. 2, 67, 270:

(epistulae) humanitatis sparsae sale,

id. Att. 1, 13, 1:

alicujus litteras aut humanitatem adamare,

id. Rosc. Am. 41, 121:

litteris, et humanitate alicujus delectari,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 4, § 8.

lĕpor and lĕpos, ōris, m. [perh. root lamp-; Gr. lampô, lampros; cf. Lat. limpidus, lanterna], pleasantness, agreeableness, attractiveness, charm.

In gen.:

quasi salsa muriatica esse autumantur sine omni lepore et sine suavitate,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 32:

aurea, pavonum ridenti imbuta lepore Saecla,

Lucr. 2, 502; 4, 1133:

omnis vitae lepos,

Plin. 31, 7, 41, § 88.—

In partic.

Of behavior, pleasantness, grace, politeness, amiability:

affluens omni lepore ac venustate,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142:

in quo mihi videtur specimen fuisse humanitatis, salis, suavitatis, leporis,

id. Tusc. 5, 19, 55. —

As a term of endearment, = blanditiae, my delight, charmer:

respice, o mi lepos,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 19; id. Curc. 1, 2, 4.—

Of speech, pleasantry, wit, humor (so most freq. in Cic.; cf.:

sal, facetiae, festivitas): Inest lepos ludusque in hac comoedia,

Plaut. As. prol. 13:

ea esset in homine jucunditas et tantus in jocando lepos ut, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 27:

urbanitatis oratorius, non scurrilis, lepos,

id. Brut. 38, 143; cf. id. de Or. 1, 34, 159:

floruit admirabili quodam lepore dicendi,

id. Ac. 2, 6, 16:

inusitatus nostris oratoribus lepos,

id. de Or. 2, 23, 98:

omnes verborum, omnes sententiarum lepores,

id. Or. 27, 96.

ŏdor (old form ŏdos, like arbos, labos, etc., Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 35; id. Ps. 3, 2, 52; Sall. J. 44, 4), ōris, m. [root od-; Gr. ozô, odôda, odmê; whence oleo, olfacio], a smell, scent, odor (class.; cf. fragrantia).

Lit.

In gen.:

omnis odor ad supera fertur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 56, 141:

odorem avide trahere naribus,

Phaedr. 3, 1, 3:

florum,

Cic. Sen. 17, 59.—

In partic.

A pleasant odor, perfume; concr., perfumery, essences, spices (syn. odoramenta).—So mostly in plur.:

sternite lectos, incendite odores,

Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 4:

incendere odores,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 18, 43; id. Verr. 2, 4, 35. § 77;

2, 5, 56, § 146: croceos odores Tmolus mittit,

Verg. G. 1, 56:

perfusus liquidis odoribus,

perfumed waters, ointments, balsams, Hor. C. 1, 5, 2; id. Ep. 2, 1, 269:

corpus differtum odoribus conditur,

Tac. A. 16, 6.— Sing., Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 2:

fragrans Assyrio odore domus,

Cat. 68, 144:

ara Fumat odore,

incense, Hor. C. 3, 18, 7.—

A disagreeable smell, a stench, stink (syn.:

nidor, faetor): putidus odor ibi saepe ex sulfure et alumine. Varr L. L. 5, § 25 Müll.: cum odos aut pabuli egestas locum mutare subegerat,

Sall. J. 44, 4:

camera odore foeda,

id. C. 55, 4:

ingratos odores,

Ov. M. 2, 626:

gravis,

Verg. G. 4, 49:

taeter,

Caes. B. C. 3, 49; Verg. A. 3, 228:

malus,

Hor. Epod. 12, 8:

intolerabili foeditatis odore,

Cic. N. D. 2, 40, 127:

offensus putrefacti cerebri odore,

Suet. Calig. 27 fin.:

ignis,

Vulg. Dan. 3, 94.—

Trop., a scent, inkling, hint, presentiment, suggestion:

odor suspicionis,

Cic. Clu. 27, 73:

legum,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 61, § 160:

hominum furta odore persequi,

id. ib. 2, 4, 24, §

53: res fluit ad interregnum, et est non nullos odor dictaturae,

id. Att. 4, 18, 3 B. and K. (al. 4, 16, 11):

lucri bonus est odor,

Juv. 14, 204; cf.:

Christi bonus odor sumus Deo in iis,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 2, 15:

urbanitatis,

a tincture of politeness, Cic. de Or. 3, 40, 161.

ōro, āvi, ātum, 1 (orassis for oraveris, Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 63), v. a. and n. [1. os, to speak]:

oro ab ore,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 76 Müll.

In gen. (so obsol.):

orare antiquos dixisse pro agere testimonio est, quod oratores dicti et causarum actores et qui rei publicae mandatas causas agebant,

Fest. p. 198 Müll.:

bonum aequumque oras,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 151:

talibus orabat Juno,

Verg. A. 10, 96.—

In partic.

To treat, argue, plead (as an ambassador, advocate, etc.; class., but very rare; cf.

ago): REM VBI PAGVNT ORATO, Fragm. XII. Tab.: matronis ipsis, quae raptae erant, orantibus,

i. e. at their mediation, Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 13:

causam capitis,

to argue, plead, id. Brut. 12, 47:

orandae litis tempus accommodare,

id. Off. 3, 10, 43:

si causa oranda esset,

Liv. 39, 40, 6:

causas melius,

Verg. A. 6, 849:

cum eo de salute suā agit, orat atque obsecrat,

treats, speaks, Caes. B. C. 1, 22:

causam dixit et ipse pro se oravit,

plead his own cause, Liv. 39, 40, 12.—

Of oratorical speaking, eloquence (freq. in Quint.): ars orandi, the oratorical art, art of oratory, Quint. prooem. § 4; id. 2, 15, 20; 9, 4, 3:

orandi scientia,

id. 1, 10, 2:

orandi studium,

id. 9, 4, 110; 8, 6, 20.—

To pray, beg, beseech, entreat one (the predom. signif. in all periods and styles; syn.: rogo, obsecro, obtestor, supplico, precor); constr. usually with acc. of the pers. and of the thing, and with ut, ne (the less freq. constructions, v. infra).

With acc. of the pers. and of the thing:

illud te ad extremum et oro et hortor, ut, etc.,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 16, § 46:

multa deos orans,

Verg. A. 9, 24:

aliquem libertatem,

Suet. Vesp. 16.—

With acc. of the pers. only: virginem orare, Liv. Andron. ap. Diom. p. 379 P: cum desubito me orat mulier, Enn. ap. Non. 517, 15 (Cax. v. 9 Vahl.); cf.:

socer Non orandus erat, sed vi faciendus Erechtheus,

not to be entreated, but compelled, Ov. M. 6, 701:

Lydia, dic, per omnes Te deos oro, Sy barin cur properes amando perdere,

Hor. C. 1, 8, 2.—

With acc. of the thing for which one asks:

gnato uxorem,

to request a wife for one's son, Ter. And. 3, 2, 48:

legati Romam missi, auxilium ad bellum orantes,

to ask assistance, Liv. 21, 6:

opem rebus affectis orantes,

id. 6, 9:

auxilia,

Tac. A. 2, 46.—

With ut: rogat oratque te Chrysogone, ut, etc., Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144:

te, C. Flave, oro et obtestor, ut, etc.,

id. Planc. 42, 104:

te etiam atque etiam oro, ut, etc.,

id. Att. 11, 1, 2:

hoc me a vobis orare Juppiter jussit, ut, etc.,

Plaut. Am. prol. 64.—

With subj.:

orant, ignoscamus peccatum suum,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 101:

et vocet oro,

Verg. A. 11, 442:

idque sinas, oro,

Ov. P. 4, 1, 19.—

With ne:

rogat eos atque orat, ne, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 39, § 96:

quod te, Aesculapi, et te, Salus, ne quid sit hujus, oro,

Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 3.—

With the imper.:

absiste inceptis, oro,

Sil. 11, 336.— With imper. and acc. of person, Verg. A. 2, 143; 4, 319; 10, 61 and 905.—

With inf. or an object-clause:

jampridem a me illos abducere Thestylis orat,

Verg. E. 2, 43; id. A. 6, 313; 9, 231; Tac. A. 6, 2; 12, 9:

vel Aegypti praefecturam concedi sibi oraret,

Suet. Ner. 47.—

With ab and abl. of a person, followed by ut or ne:

primum hoc abs te oro, ni me inexorabilem faxis,

Pac. Tr. 122:

oravitque a suis, ut, etc.,

Gell. 17, 10, 7:

oratus ab Artorio, ne in castris remaneret,

Vell. 2, 70, 1.—

With cum aliquo: quod tecum pater orat, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 198 Müll. (Ann. v. 20 Vahl.):

si is mecum oraret,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 15:

tecum oro et quaeso, ut,

id. Curc. 3, 1, 62:

egi, atque oravi tecum, uxorem ut duceres,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 64; cf. Caes. B. C. 1, 22; cited above, II. A.—

With pro and the abl.:

nec pro civibus se orare, sed pro, etc.,

Just. 11, 4, 4:

ut Octavius orandus sit pro salute cujusquam civis,

Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 16, 2; cf.:

ut pro illā ores, ut sit propitius (deus),

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 38.—

Oro te, I pray thee, prithee, parenthetically, a formula of politeness (cf. quaeso):

dic. oro te, clarius,

Cic. Att. 4, 8, 1; Sen. Vit. Beat. 7, 1; Liv. 5, 5, 1; cf. Cic. Att. 7, 16, 3.—

To pray, to supplicate God (eccl. Lat.); act.:

oravit Dominum,

Vulg. Judic. 13, 8:

orationem quam orat,

id. 3 Reg. 8, 29; id. 2 Par. 6, 21:

filios, id. Job, 19, 17: Deum,

id. Ecclus. 50, 24:

orationes longas,

id. Matt. 23, 14.—More often neutr.:

pro te,

Vulg. Gen. 20, 7:

ut audias,

id. ib. 43, 20:

in loco isto,

id. 3 Reg. 8, 30:

contra viam civitatis,

id. ib. 8, 44:

ad Dominum,

id. 4 Reg. 4, 33:

cum lacrimis,

id. Tob. 3, 1:

unus orans et unus maledicens,

id. Ecclus. 34, 29:

spiritu et mente,

id. 1 Cor. 14, 15:

mulierem decalvatam orare non decet,

Ambros. in Luc. 6, § 19:

orandi gratia,

Lact. 4, 15, 20.—Hence, P. a. as subst.: ōrans, antis, m., an orator:

orantes,

Tac. Dial. 6, 6.

ōro, āvi, ātum, 1 (orassis for oraveris, Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 63), v. a. and n. [1. os, to speak]:

oro ab ore,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 76 Müll.

In gen. (so obsol.):

orare antiquos dixisse pro agere testimonio est, quod oratores dicti et causarum actores et qui rei publicae mandatas causas agebant,

Fest. p. 198 Müll.:

bonum aequumque oras,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 151:

talibus orabat Juno,

Verg. A. 10, 96.—

In partic.

To treat, argue, plead (as an ambassador, advocate, etc.; class., but very rare; cf.

ago): REM VBI PAGVNT ORATO, Fragm. XII. Tab.: matronis ipsis, quae raptae erant, orantibus,

i. e. at their mediation, Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 13:

causam capitis,

to argue, plead, id. Brut. 12, 47:

orandae litis tempus accommodare,

id. Off. 3, 10, 43:

si causa oranda esset,

Liv. 39, 40, 6:

causas melius,

Verg. A. 6, 849:

cum eo de salute suā agit, orat atque obsecrat,

treats, speaks, Caes. B. C. 1, 22:

causam dixit et ipse pro se oravit,

plead his own cause, Liv. 39, 40, 12.—

Of oratorical speaking, eloquence (freq. in Quint.): ars orandi, the oratorical art, art of oratory, Quint. prooem. § 4; id. 2, 15, 20; 9, 4, 3:

orandi scientia,

id. 1, 10, 2:

orandi studium,

id. 9, 4, 110; 8, 6, 20.—

To pray, beg, beseech, entreat one (the predom. signif. in all periods and styles; syn.: rogo, obsecro, obtestor, supplico, precor); constr. usually with acc. of the pers. and of the thing, and with ut, ne (the less freq. constructions, v. infra).

With acc. of the pers. and of the thing:

illud te ad extremum et oro et hortor, ut, etc.,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 16, § 46:

multa deos orans,

Verg. A. 9, 24:

aliquem libertatem,

Suet. Vesp. 16.—

With acc. of the pers. only: virginem orare, Liv. Andron. ap. Diom. p. 379 P: cum desubito me orat mulier, Enn. ap. Non. 517, 15 (Cax. v. 9 Vahl.); cf.:

socer Non orandus erat, sed vi faciendus Erechtheus,

not to be entreated, but compelled, Ov. M. 6, 701:

Lydia, dic, per omnes Te deos oro, Sy barin cur properes amando perdere,

Hor. C. 1, 8, 2.—

With acc. of the thing for which one asks:

gnato uxorem,

to request a wife for one's son, Ter. And. 3, 2, 48:

legati Romam missi, auxilium ad bellum orantes,

to ask assistance, Liv. 21, 6:

opem rebus affectis orantes,

id. 6, 9:

auxilia,

Tac. A. 2, 46.—

With ut: rogat oratque te Chrysogone, ut, etc., Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144:

te, C. Flave, oro et obtestor, ut, etc.,

id. Planc. 42, 104:

te etiam atque etiam oro, ut, etc.,

id. Att. 11, 1, 2:

hoc me a vobis orare Juppiter jussit, ut, etc.,

Plaut. Am. prol. 64.—

With subj.:

orant, ignoscamus peccatum suum,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 101:

et vocet oro,

Verg. A. 11, 442:

idque sinas, oro,

Ov. P. 4, 1, 19.—

With ne:

rogat eos atque orat, ne, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 39, § 96:

quod te, Aesculapi, et te, Salus, ne quid sit hujus, oro,

Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 3.—

With the imper.:

absiste inceptis, oro,

Sil. 11, 336.— With imper. and acc. of person, Verg. A. 2, 143; 4, 319; 10, 61 and 905.—

With inf. or an object-clause:

jampridem a me illos abducere Thestylis orat,

Verg. E. 2, 43; id. A. 6, 313; 9, 231; Tac. A. 6, 2; 12, 9:

vel Aegypti praefecturam concedi sibi oraret,

Suet. Ner. 47.—

With ab and abl. of a person, followed by ut or ne:

primum hoc abs te oro, ni me inexorabilem faxis,

Pac. Tr. 122:

oravitque a suis, ut, etc.,

Gell. 17, 10, 7:

oratus ab Artorio, ne in castris remaneret,

Vell. 2, 70, 1.—

With cum aliquo: quod tecum pater orat, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 198 Müll. (Ann. v. 20 Vahl.):

si is mecum oraret,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 15:

tecum oro et quaeso, ut,

id. Curc. 3, 1, 62:

egi, atque oravi tecum, uxorem ut duceres,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 64; cf. Caes. B. C. 1, 22; cited above, II. A.—

With pro and the abl.:

nec pro civibus se orare, sed pro, etc.,

Just. 11, 4, 4:

ut Octavius orandus sit pro salute cujusquam civis,

Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 16, 2; cf.:

ut pro illā ores, ut sit propitius (deus),

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 38.—

Oro te, I pray thee, prithee, parenthetically, a formula of politeness (cf. quaeso):

dic. oro te, clarius,

Cic. Att. 4, 8, 1; Sen. Vit. Beat. 7, 1; Liv. 5, 5, 1; cf. Cic. Att. 7, 16, 3.—

To pray, to supplicate God (eccl. Lat.); act.:

oravit Dominum,

Vulg. Judic. 13, 8:

orationem quam orat,

id. 3 Reg. 8, 29; id. 2 Par. 6, 21:

filios, id. Job, 19, 17: Deum,

id. Ecclus. 50, 24:

orationes longas,

id. Matt. 23, 14.—More often neutr.:

pro te,

Vulg. Gen. 20, 7:

ut audias,

id. ib. 43, 20:

in loco isto,

id. 3 Reg. 8, 30:

contra viam civitatis,

id. ib. 8, 44:

ad Dominum,

id. 4 Reg. 4, 33:

cum lacrimis,

id. Tob. 3, 1:

unus orans et unus maledicens,

id. Ecclus. 34, 29:

spiritu et mente,

id. 1 Cor. 14, 15:

mulierem decalvatam orare non decet,

Ambros. in Luc. 6, § 19:

orandi gratia,

Lact. 4, 15, 20.—Hence, P. a. as subst.: ōrans, antis, m., an orator:

orantes,

Tac. Dial. 6, 6.

urbānĭtas, ātis, f. [id.], a living in a city, city life.

Lit.:

desideria urbis et urbanitatis,

Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1:

in urbis urbanitatisque desiderio,

id. ib. 7, 17, 1.—

Transf., city fashion, city manners, both in a good and in a bad sense.

In a good sense.

Refinement, elegance of manner, politeness, courtesy, affability, urbanity:

addo urbanitatem, quae est virtus, ut Stoici rectissime putant,

Cic. Fam. 3, 7, 5.—

Refinement, delicacy, or elegance of speech:

urbanitate quādam quasi colorata oratio,

Cic. Brut. 46, 170; cf. Quint. 6, 3, 17 (opp. rusticitas); 6, 3, 103 sq.—

In partic., wit, humor, pleasantry, raillery: contumelia si petulantius jactatur, convicium;

si facetius, urbanitas nominatur,

Cic. Cael. 3, 6:

in quantam hominum facetorum urbanitatem incurratis, non dico,

id. Fin. 2, 31, 103:

ut aliquando subtilitatem veteris urbanitatis et humanissimi sermonis attingerem,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 10, 2:

vides exaruisse jam veterem urbanitatem,

id. Fam. 7, 31, 2:

mancipiorum urbanitas in dominos contumeliosa,

Sen. Const. 11, 3:

in jocis,

Quint. 2, 5, 8:

oratoria,

id. 6, 3, 14:

risus si aptus est, urbanitatis nomen adsequitur,

id. 8, 6, 74; 10, 1, 115.—

In a bad sense, trickery, roguery, knavery:

incuriosos milites (vernaculā utebantur urbanitate) quidam spoliavere,

Tac. H. 2, 88; so,

vernula,

Petr. 24.

vĭdĕo, vīdi, vīsum, 2 (viden', i.e. videsne, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 37; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 10; 2, 2, 34; 4, 6, 16; Cat. 61, 98; Tib. 2, 2, 17; Verg. A. 6, 779; inf. viderier, Cic. Dom. 53, 136; Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 33:

vidĕ,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 46), v. a. and n. [Sanscr. root vid-, vēda, know; vindāmi, find; cf. vēda-s, sacred book; Gr. root id, Wid-, in eidon, saw; oida, know; Germ. wissen; Engl. wit, wot], to see, perceive, with the eyes (syn. cerno).

Lit.

In gen.: Ph. Tun' me vidisti? Sc. Atque his quidem oculis. Ph. Carebis, credo, Qui plus vident, quam quod vident. Sc. Numquam hercle deterrebor, Quin viderim id quod viderim, Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 15 sq.:

clare oculis video,

id. ib. 3, 1, 35:

nos enim ne nunc quidem oculis cernimus ea, quae videmus, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; id. de Or. 3, 40, 161:

Considium, quod non vidisset, pro viso sibi renuntiasse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 22 fin.:

mulieres et pueri qui visum processerant,

Sall. J. 94, 5:

ut juvat pastas oves Videre properantes domum! Videre fessos vomerem inversum boves Collo trahentes languido!

Hor. Epod. 2, 62 sq.:

serpentes atque videres Infernas errare canes,

id. S. 1, 8, 35 et saep.—With ut and ind. (poët.):

viden', ut geminae stant vertice cristae?

Verg. A. 6, 779:

viden' ut faces Splendidas quatiunt comas?

Cat. 61, 77.—With ut and subj.:

nonne vides, ut tota tremor pertemptet equorum Corpora?

Verg. G. 3, 250:

nonne vides ut... Antennae gemant?

Hor. C. 1, 14, 3.— Pass.:

ubi sol sex mensibus continuis non videtur,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 4:

a se disertos visos esse multos,

Quint. 8, praef. § 13; cf. id. 12, 1, 21:

consulis ante pedes ire viderer eques,

Ov. P. 4, 9, 18.— Absol., to see, i. e. to have the eyes open, to be awake, Verg. E. 6, 21.— Impers. pass.: De. Vide sis modo etiam. Ly. Visum'st, Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 52; id. As. 3, 3, 95.—

Transf.

Of things ( poet.), to see:

(Apenninus) Gallica rura videt,

Luc. 2, 429:

et casus abies visura marinos,

i. e. to experience, Verg. G. 2, 68.—

Of places, etc., to look out on, afford a view of (post-Aug.):

triclinium hortum et gestationem videt,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 13.—

Of the other senses, to perceive, observe any thing:

vidistin' toto sonitus procurrere caelo?

Prop. 2, 16 (3, 8), 49:

mugire videbis Sub pedibus terram et descendere montibus ornos,

Verg. A. 4, 490:

tum videres Stridere secretā divisos aure susurros,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 77:

naso poljam haec quidem videt plus quam oculis,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 44.—

In partic., to see on purpose, to look at any thing:

vide sis signi quid siet,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 155; cf.:

vide, tali ubi sint,

id. Most. 1, 3, 151:

illud vide, os ut sibi distorsit carnufex,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 3:

vide, si non os inpudens Videtur,

id. ib. 5, 1, 23; cf.:

specta me, a threatening expression,

Plaut. As. 1, 2, 19 al.: quin tu me vides? only look at me! i. e. see what I have done! Cic. Pis. 25, 61.—

Trop.

In gen., to see with the mind's eye, to perceive, mark, observe, discern, understand, comprehend, be aware, know, etc. (class.;

syn. percipio): ad te, ut video, comminus accessit,

Cic. Att. 2, 2, 2:

quem exitum ego tam video animo, quam ea, quae oculis cernimus,

id. Fam. 6, 3, 2:

aperte enim adulantem nemo non videt,

sees through, detects, id. Lael. 26, 99:

si dormientes aliquid animo videre videamur,

id. Ac. 2, 40, 125:

aliquid in somnis,

id. N. D. 1, 29, 82:

somnia,

id. Div. 2, 71, 147:

quod ego, cur nolim, nihil video,

id. Fam. 9, 6, 2:

nonne vobis videtur is animus qui plus cernat et longius, videre se ad meliora proficisci: ille autem cui obtusior est acies non videre?

id. Sen. 23, 83.—With comp., plus, etc.:

ut is qui illusus sit plus vidisse videatur,

to have seen farther, had more insight, Cic. Lael. 26, 99:

videre acutius atque acrius vitia in dicente quam recta,

id. de Or. 1, 25, 116:

aliena melius videre et dijudicare,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 97 (95): cum me vidisse plus fateretur, se speravisse meliora, that I had seen farther, Cic. Phil. 2, 15, 39; cf.:

sin autem vos plus in re publicā vidistis,

id. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64; cf.:

vos universos in consule deligendo plurimum vidisse fateantur,

id. Agr. 2, 37, 103:

di vatesque eorum in futurum vident,

Liv. 6, 12.—With two accs.:

quem virum Crassum vidimus,

Cic. Sen. 17, 61; cf.:

officiorum conjunctione me privatum videbam,

id. Brut. 1, 1:

cum invidiosum se propter nimias opes viderit,

Just. 32, 4, 4.—With ut and ind. (poët.):

nonne vides, croceos ut Tmolus odores, India mittit ebur,

Verg. G. 1, 56.—

In partic.

To look at, look to, consider, to think or reflect upon (cf.:

reputo, considero): duae condiciones sunt: utram tu accipias, vide,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 118:

nunc ea videamus, quae contra ab his disputari solent,

Cic. Ac. 2, 13, 40:

id primum videamus, quātenus amor in amicitiā progredi debeat,

id. Lael. 11, 36:

sed videamus Herculem ipsum,

id. Tusc. 2, 8, 20 Klotz ad loc.:

quamobrem et haec videnda et pecuniae fugienda cupiditas,

id. Off. 1, 20, 68:

te moneo: videas etiam atque etiam et consideres, quid agas, quo progrediare, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 68, § 174:

legi Bruti epistolam non prudenter rescriptam: sed ipse viderit,

let him see to that himself, id. Att. 12, 21, 1; so,

viderit,

Ov. A. A. 2, 371; id. Tr. 5, 2, 43; cf.:

quam id recte faciam, viderint sapientes,

Cic. Lael. 3, 10; and:

quae (ars) quam sit facilis, illi viderint, qui, etc.... deinde etiam tu ipse videris, qui eam artem facilem esse dicis,

id. de Or. 1, 58, 246:

viderint ista officia viri boni,

id. Quint. 17, 55.—

To look out for, see to, care for, provide:

atque idem (sapiens) ita acrem in omnis partis aciem intendit, ut semper videat sedem sibi ac locum sine molestiā vivendi,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 38:

antecesserat Statius, ut prandium nobis videret,

i. e. provide, id. Att. 5, 1, 3:

dulciculae potionis aliquid videamus et cibi,

id. Tusc. 3, 19, 46:

aliud lenius (vinum),

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 50:

Philippum dixisse constabat, videndum sibi aliud esse consilium, illo senatu se rem publicam gerere non posse,

Cic. de Or. 3, 1, 2:

absque eo esset, Recte ego mihi vidissem,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 12.—

To take care, see to it, make sure, with final clause:

navem idoneam ut habeas, diligenter videbis,

Cic. Fam. 16, 1, 2; cf.:

videret, ut quam primum tota res transigeretur,

id. Quint. 5, 20:

ne fortuna mea desit, videte,

Liv. 6, 18, 8.— Impers. pass.:

videndum est, ne absit benignitas... tum, ut pro dignitate cuique tribuatur,

Cic. Off. 1, 14, 42:

ut Latine loquamur, non solum videndum est ut verba efferamus ea, etc.,

id. de Or. 3, 11, 40; cf.:

vos videte, quid aliae faciant isto loco feminae: et ne, cum velitis, exire non liceat,

id. Fam. 14, 18, 2.—

To see, i. e. reach, attain, obtain, enjoy.

In gen.:

qui suo toto consulatu somnum non viderit,

Cic. Fam. 7, 30, 1.—

Esp., to see, live to see a period or event:

ex multis diebus, quos in vitā celeberrimos laetissimosque viderit,

Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

utinam eum diem videam, cum, etc.,

id. Att. 16, 11, 1:

duxi uxorem: quam ibi miseriam vidi!

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 13:

spero multa vos liberosque vestros in re publicā bona esse visuros,

Cic. Mil. 28, 78:

multas jam summorum imperatorum clarissimas victorias aetas nostra vidit,

id. ib. 28, 77:

tantum pro! degeneramus a parentibus nostris, ut praeter quam oram illi Punicas vagari classes dedecus esse imperii sui duxerint, eam nos nunc plenam hostium jam factam videamus,

Liv. 22, 14, 6; cf. id. 6, 14, 4.—

Pregn., to see, i. e. go to see, visit (colloq.; cf.:

viso, inviso): sed Septimium vide et Laenatem,

Cic. Att. 12, 14, 1:

quā re etiam Othonem vide,

id. ib. 12, 37, 4:

videbis ergo hominem, si voles,

id. ib. 4, 12 init.:

mane videas Plinium domi,

Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 8; Suet. Tib. 7.— Pass., to receive attention, be visited, Amm. 14, 7, 10.—

Me vide, rely on me, trust me, believe me, a formula of exhortation and assurance (ante-class.), Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 79 Brix ad loc.; id. Mil. 2, 4, 23 Lorenz ad loc.; id. Rud. 3, 3, 18; id. Merc. 5, 4, 53; Ter. And. 2, 2, 13; id. Phorm. 4, 4, 30.—

Pass., to be looked upon or regarded in any manner, i. e. to seem, appear to be or do any thing:

numquam periculi fugā committendum est, ut imbelles timidique videamur,

Cic. Off. 1, [p. 1989] 24, 83:

ne id, quod speciem haberet honesti, pugnaret cum eo, quod utile videretur,

id. ib. 3, 2, 7:

multo rem turpiorem fore et iniquiorem visum iri intellegebant,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 17, § 42; cf. id. de Or. 3, 11, 42:

ex quo illorum beata mors videtur, horum vita laudabilis,

id. Lael. 7, 23.—Parenthet. (cf. c. infra):

cum ceteris, ut quidem videor, tum mihi ipse displiceo,

Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 3:

ea vocabula non, ut videntur, easdem res significant,

id. ib. 3, 34, 84.—With dat. of pers.:

cetera, quae quibusdam admirabilia videntur, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 23, 86:

digna mihi res cum omnium cognitione tum nostrā familiaritate visa est,

id. ib. 1, 4:

idonea mihi Laelii persona visa est, quae, etc.,

id. ib.:

a naturā mihi videtur potius quam ab indigentiā orta amicitia,

id. ib. 8, 27:

quae Aristoni et Pyrrhoni omnino visa sunt pro nihilo,

id. Fin. 2, 13, 43:

quod idem Scipioni videbatur,

id. ib. 4, 14.—Parenthet. (cf. c. infra):

quam nostris libris satis diligenter, ut tibi quidem videmur, expressimus,

Cic. Att. 8, 11, 1:

Philargyrus omnia de te, ut mihi quidem visus est, narravit,

id. Fam. 4, 13, 3.—

With inf.:

de familiari illo tuo videor audisse,

Cic. de Or. 2, 10, 40; id. N. D. 1, 21, 58:

satis facere rei publicae videmur, si, etc.,

id. Cat. 1, 1, 2:

ut beate vixisse videar, quia, etc.,

id. Lael. 4, 15:

solem e mundo tollere videntur, qui amicitiam e vitā tollunt,

id. ib. 13, 47:

videre jam videor populum a senatu disjunctum,

id. ib. 12, 41; cf.:

te vero, Caecili, quem ad modum sit elusurus, videre jam videor,

id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 45:

vere videor posse contendere,

Nep. Att. 12, 4:

audire videor undique congerentes nomina poëtarum,

Quint. 10, 1, 56; Vell. 2, 14, 1; Plin. Ep. 10, 61 (69), 1; id. Pan. 17, 1.—With dat. of pers., Cic. Lael. 14, 51:

videor mihi perspicere ipsius animum,

id. Fam. 4, 13, 5:

hoc mihi videor videre,

id. Inv. 2, 57, 171. —

With nom. and inf.:

ut exstinctae potius amicitiae quam oppressae esse videantur,

Cic. Lael. 21, 78:

ut tamquam a praesentibus coram haberi sermo videretur,

id. ib. 1, 3:

quae (sapientia) videtur in hominem cadere posse,

id. ib. 26, 100: visus 'st in somnis pastor ad me adpellere, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44 B. and K.:

ut Aratus ab Jove incipiendum putat, ita nos rite coepturi ab Homero videmur,

Quint. 10, 1, 46.—With dat. of pers.:

divitior mihi et affluentior videtur esse vera amicitia,

Cic. Lael. 16, 58.—

Impers., with acc. and inf. (rare; cf.

creditur, in the same constr., and dicitur): non mihi videtur, ad beate vivendum satis posse virtutem,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 5, 12:

aliis videtur, non incohatam sed perfectam probationem hoc nomen accipere,

Quint. 5, 10, 5 Spald.:

quae vult videri, se esse prudentiam,

Cic. Off. 3, 17, 71:

quia videbatur et Limnaeam eodem tempore oppugnari posse,

Liv. 36, 13, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.— Absol.:

sed mihi contra ea videtur,

Sall. J. 85, 2:

seque facile, ut mihi videtur, expediunt,

Cic. Fin. 1, 20, 66; id. Marcell. 3, 10.—

In official decisions, as a guarded opinion instead of a positive declaration:

majores nostri voluerunt, quae jurati judices cognovissent, ea non ut esse facta, sed ut videri pronuntiarent,

Cic. Ac. 2, 47, 146:

fecisse videri pronuntiat,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 6, § 14:

cum pontifices decressent, videri posse sine religione eam partem areae mihi restitui,

id. Att. 4, 2, 3:

consul adjecit Senatusconsultum, Ambraciam non videri vi captam esse,

Liv. 38, 44, 6:

Scipionis sententiam sequuntur, uti ante certam diem Caesar exercitum dimittat: si non faciat, eum adversus rempublicam facturum videri,

Caes. B. C. 1, 2.—

Pregn., videtur (alicui), it seems proper, right, or fit, it seems good to any one; he ( she, etc.) pleases, likes.

With dat. of pers.:

tibi si videbitur, villis iis utere, quae, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 14, 7, 3:

velim Lentulum puerum visas eique de mancipiis, quae tibi videbitur, attribuas,

id. Att. 12, 28, 3:

qui imitamur, quos cuique visum est,

id. Off. 1, 32, 118:

ut consul, quem videretur ei, cum imperio mitteret, qui, etc.,

Liv. 31, 3, 2; 29, 20, 4: si ei videretur, integram rem ad senatum reiceret, if he pleased, a formula of politeness, Liv. 26, 16, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.;

31, 4, 2: ut, si videretur ei, maturaret venire,

id. 34, 46, 5.—

Without dat.:

ubi visum est, sub vesperum dispersi discedunt,

Caes. B. G. 5, 58: eam quoque, si videtur, correctionem explicabo, Cic. Ac. 1, 9, 35:

nunc, si videtur, hoc, illud alias,

id. Tusc. 1, 11, 23: M. Num non vis audire, etc.? A. Ut videtur, as you will, id. ib. 1, 32, 77:

si videatur,

Liv. 6, 25, 2; 26, 22, 7.