pay

to unloose, explain, expound / pay off a debt, pay.

aestĭmātĭo, ōnis, f. [id.].

The estimating a thing according to its extrinsic (money) value, valuation, appraisement:

in censu habendo potestas omnis aestimationis habendae censori permittitur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 53: aestimatio frumenti, the determination of the prœtor ( legate or quœstor), how much ready money one should pay, instead of the corn which he was to furnish, id. ib. 2, 3, 92:

erat Athenis reo damnato, si fraus non capitalis esset, quasi poenae aestimatio,

i. e. a commutation of corporal punishment for a fine, id. de Or. 1, 54, 232.—So esp. litis or litium aestimatio, in Roman civil law, an estimating, valuation of the contested matter; in criminal law also, the stating how much the convicted person had to pay, an assessment of damages, Cic. Clu. 41, 116; id. Verr. 2, 2, 18, § 45 (cf. lis aestimata, id. ib. 1, 13):

lex de multarum aestimatione,

Liv. 4, 30.— After the civil war, Cæsar, in order to enable debtors to cancel the demands against them, decreed an aestimatio possessionum, i. e. an estimation or appraisement of real estate, according to the value which it had before the war, and compelled the creditors to take this in payment instead of money; they were also obliged to deduct from the sum demanded any interest that had been paid; v. Caes. B. C. 3, 1; and Suet. Caes. 42. Hence, in aestimationem accipere, to accept or agree to such a valuation, or payment by real estate at a high price:

a Marco Laberio C. Albinius praedia in aestimationem accepit,

Cic. Fam. 13, 8.—And meton., with an allusion to the law of Cæsar: aestimationes [p. 62] = praedia, the real estate received in payment:

quando aestimationes tuas vendere non potes,

Cic. Fam. 9, 18. Since the creditor was a loser by this regulation, aestimationem accipere, to suffer injury or loss, id. ib. 16.—

Trop.

A valuation, i. e. an estimation of a thing according to its intrinsic worth (while existimatio denotes the consideration, regard due to an object on account of its nominal value):

bonum hoc est quidem plurimi aestimandum, sed ea aestimatio genere valet, non magnitudine,

Cic. Fin. 3, 10, 34; so 3, 13, 44;

3, 6: semper aestimationem arbitriumque ejus honoris penes senatum fuisse,

Liv. 3, 63:

semper infra aliorum aestimationes se metiens,

Vell. 1, 127; 97; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 67:

aestimatione rectā severus, deterius interpretantibus tristior habebatur,

Tac. H. 1, 14 al. —

Poet., the worth or value of a thing:

Quod me non movet aestimatione,

Cat. 12, 12.

ănĭmadverto (archaic - vorto), ti, sum, 3, v. a. [contr. from animum adverto, which orthography is very freq. in the anteclass. period; cf. adverto, II. B.] (scarcely found in any poet beside Ter. and Verg.), to direct the mind or attention to a thing, to attend to, give heed to, to take heed, consider, regard, observe.

Lit.

In gen.:

alios tuam rem credidisti magis quam tete animum advorsuros,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 1, 3:

atque haec in bello plura et majora videntur timentibus, eadem non tam animadvertuntur in pace,

Cic. Div. 2, 27:

sed animadvertendum est diligenter, quae natura rerum sit,

id. Off. 2, 20, 69:

dignitas tua facit, ut animadvertatur quicquid facias,

id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 2.—With ut, to think of:

illud me non animadvertisse moleste ferrem, ut ascriberem, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 5 (cf.:

animos advertere, ne,

Liv. 4, 45).—

Esp., as t. t.

Of the lictor, whose duty it was to give attention, to see, that the consul, when he appeared, should receive due homage (cf. Sen. Ep. 64; Schwarz ad Plin. Pan. 23, and Smith, Dict. Antiq., s. v. lictor):

consul animadvertere proximum lictorem jussit,

Liv. 24, 44 fin. —

Of the people, to whom the lictor gave orders to pay attention, to pay regard to:

consule theatrum introeunte, cum lictor animadverti ex more jussisset,

Suet. Caes. 80 Ruhnk.—

Transf., as a consequence of attention.

To remark, notice, observe, perceive, see (in a more general sense than above; the most usu. signif. of this word).

With acc.:

Ecquid attendis? ecquid animadvertis horum silentium?

Cic. Cat. 1, 8, 20: utcumque animadversa aut existimata erunt, Liv. praef. med.:

his animadversis,

Verg. G. 2, 259; 3, 123 et saep.:

Equidem etiam illud animadverto, etc.,

Cic. Off. 1, 12, 37 Beier.:

nutrix animadvertit puerum dormientem circumplicatum serpentis amplexu,

id. Div. 1, 36, 79.—

With acc. and inf.:

postquam id vos velle animum advorteram,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 16:

qui non animadverterit innocentes illos natos, etc.,

Nep. Epam. 6, 3:

turrim conlucere animadvertit,

Tac. H. 3, 38.—

With ind. quest.: quod quale sit, etiam in bestiis quibusdam animadverti potest, Cic.Am. 8, 27.—

In a pregn. sense, to discern something, or, in gen., to apprehend, understand, comprehend, know (less freq. than the synn. cognoscere, intellegere, etc.):

boni seminis sues animadvertuntur a facie et progenie,

Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 4:

nonne animadvertis, quam multi effugerint?

Cic. N. D. 3, 37, 89:

ut adsint, cognoscant, animadvertant, quid de religione... existimandum sit,

id. ib. 1, 6, 14:

animadverti enim et didici ex tuis litteris te, etc.,

id. Fam. 3, 5.—

To notice a wrong, to censure, blame, chastise, punish (cf. the Engl. phrase to attend to one, for to punish):

Ea primum ab illo animadvortenda injuriast,

deserves to be punished, Ter. And. 1, 1, 129 (animadvortenda = castiganda, vindicanda, Don.):

O facinus animadvortendum,

O crime worthy of punishment, id. ib. 4, 4, 28:

animadvertenda peccata,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 40:

res a magistratibus animadvertenda,

id. Caecin. 12:

neque animadvertere neque vincire nisi sacerdotibus permissum = morte multare,

to punish with death, Tac. G. 7.—Esp. freq. in judicial proceedings as t. t., constr. with in aliquem: qui institueras [p. 122] animadvertere in eos, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 23:

imperiti, si in hunc animadvertissem, crudeliter et regie factum esse dicerent,

id. Cat. 1, 12, 30:

qui in alios animadvertisset indictā causā,

id. Fam. 5, 2; so Sall. C. 51, 21; Liv. 1, 26:

in Marcianum Icelum, ut in libertum, palam animadversum,

Tac. H. 1, 46; 1, 68; 1, 85; 4, 49; Suet. Aug. 15; id. Tib. 61; id. Calig. 30; id. Galb. 20; Dig. 48, 19, 8 al.;

hence, effect for cause, animadverti,

to offend, be censurable, Cic. Or. 3, 12.

ănĭmadverto (archaic - vorto), ti, sum, 3, v. a. [contr. from animum adverto, which orthography is very freq. in the anteclass. period; cf. adverto, II. B.] (scarcely found in any poet beside Ter. and Verg.), to direct the mind or attention to a thing, to attend to, give heed to, to take heed, consider, regard, observe.

Lit.

In gen.:

alios tuam rem credidisti magis quam tete animum advorsuros,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 1, 3:

atque haec in bello plura et majora videntur timentibus, eadem non tam animadvertuntur in pace,

Cic. Div. 2, 27:

sed animadvertendum est diligenter, quae natura rerum sit,

id. Off. 2, 20, 69:

dignitas tua facit, ut animadvertatur quicquid facias,

id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 2.—With ut, to think of:

illud me non animadvertisse moleste ferrem, ut ascriberem, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 5 (cf.:

animos advertere, ne,

Liv. 4, 45).—

Esp., as t. t.

Of the lictor, whose duty it was to give attention, to see, that the consul, when he appeared, should receive due homage (cf. Sen. Ep. 64; Schwarz ad Plin. Pan. 23, and Smith, Dict. Antiq., s. v. lictor):

consul animadvertere proximum lictorem jussit,

Liv. 24, 44 fin. —

Of the people, to whom the lictor gave orders to pay attention, to pay regard to:

consule theatrum introeunte, cum lictor animadverti ex more jussisset,

Suet. Caes. 80 Ruhnk.—

Transf., as a consequence of attention.

To remark, notice, observe, perceive, see (in a more general sense than above; the most usu. signif. of this word).

With acc.:

Ecquid attendis? ecquid animadvertis horum silentium?

Cic. Cat. 1, 8, 20: utcumque animadversa aut existimata erunt, Liv. praef. med.:

his animadversis,

Verg. G. 2, 259; 3, 123 et saep.:

Equidem etiam illud animadverto, etc.,

Cic. Off. 1, 12, 37 Beier.:

nutrix animadvertit puerum dormientem circumplicatum serpentis amplexu,

id. Div. 1, 36, 79.—

With acc. and inf.:

postquam id vos velle animum advorteram,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 16:

qui non animadverterit innocentes illos natos, etc.,

Nep. Epam. 6, 3:

turrim conlucere animadvertit,

Tac. H. 3, 38.—

With ind. quest.: quod quale sit, etiam in bestiis quibusdam animadverti potest, Cic.Am. 8, 27.—

In a pregn. sense, to discern something, or, in gen., to apprehend, understand, comprehend, know (less freq. than the synn. cognoscere, intellegere, etc.):

boni seminis sues animadvertuntur a facie et progenie,

Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 4:

nonne animadvertis, quam multi effugerint?

Cic. N. D. 3, 37, 89:

ut adsint, cognoscant, animadvertant, quid de religione... existimandum sit,

id. ib. 1, 6, 14:

animadverti enim et didici ex tuis litteris te, etc.,

id. Fam. 3, 5.—

To notice a wrong, to censure, blame, chastise, punish (cf. the Engl. phrase to attend to one, for to punish):

Ea primum ab illo animadvortenda injuriast,

deserves to be punished, Ter. And. 1, 1, 129 (animadvortenda = castiganda, vindicanda, Don.):

O facinus animadvortendum,

O crime worthy of punishment, id. ib. 4, 4, 28:

animadvertenda peccata,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 40:

res a magistratibus animadvertenda,

id. Caecin. 12:

neque animadvertere neque vincire nisi sacerdotibus permissum = morte multare,

to punish with death, Tac. G. 7.—Esp. freq. in judicial proceedings as t. t., constr. with in aliquem: qui institueras [p. 122] animadvertere in eos, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 23:

imperiti, si in hunc animadvertissem, crudeliter et regie factum esse dicerent,

id. Cat. 1, 12, 30:

qui in alios animadvertisset indictā causā,

id. Fam. 5, 2; so Sall. C. 51, 21; Liv. 1, 26:

in Marcianum Icelum, ut in libertum, palam animadversum,

Tac. H. 1, 46; 1, 68; 1, 85; 4, 49; Suet. Aug. 15; id. Tib. 61; id. Calig. 30; id. Galb. 20; Dig. 48, 19, 8 al.;

hence, effect for cause, animadverti,

to offend, be censurable, Cic. Or. 3, 12.

dēbĕo ( dehibeo, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 24 infra, cf. Ritschl, Opusc. Phil. 2, 590), ŭi, ĭtum, 2, v. a. [de-habeo], (lit., to have or keep from some one: "qui pecuniam dissolvit, statim non habet id quod reddidit, qui autem debet, aes retinet alienum," Cic. Planc. 28, 68 Wund.; hence), to owe (Gr. opheilô; opp. reddo, solvo, dissolvo, persolvo, freq. and class.).

Lit., of money and money's worth.

Act.,

with acc.:

quas (drachmas) de ratione dehibuisti,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 24; cf. Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 43:

Mylasis et Alabandis pecuniam Cluvio debent,

Cic. Fam. 13, 56; so,

pecuniam alicui,

id. ib. 13, 14 et saep.:

qui dissolverem quae debeo,

Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 51:

appellatus es de pecunia, quam pro domo, pro hortis, pro sectione debebas,

Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 71; so,

grandem pecuniam,

Sall. C. 49, 3: quadringenties HS. Cic. Phil. 2, 37:

talenta CC,

id. Att. 5, 21, 12:

quadruplum, duplum,

Quint. 7, 4, 44 et saep.—

Without acc.:

illis quibus debeo,

Ter. Ph. 5, 7, 30:

ut illi quam plurimi deberent,

Sall. J. 96, 2:

nec ipsi debeo,

Quint. 4, 4, 6: Cal. Jan. debuit;

adhuc non solvit,

Cic. Att. 14, 18; Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 3 et saep.— Part. pres. as subst.: debentes, ium, m., debtors, Liv. 6, 27, 3; cf. Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 5.—

Pass.:

dum pecunia accipitur, quae mihi ex publica permutatione debetur,

Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 4; id. Verr. 2, 3, 82; cf.:

quam ad diem legioni frumentum deberi sciebat,

Caes. B. G. 6, 33:

a publicanis suae provinciae debitam biennii pecuniam exegerat,

id. B. C. 3, 31; Quint. 5, 10, 117:

quod si omnino non debetur? Quid? praetor solet judicare deberi?

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10; cf.:

quaeretur an debeatur,

Quint. 7, 1, 21 et saep.—Hence,

Dēbĭ-tum, i, n., what is owing, a debt, Cic. Att. 13, 23 fin.:

ne de bonis deminui paterentur priusquam Fundanio debitum solutum esset,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10:

tamquam debito fraudetur,

id. Or. 53, 178:

ex quibus unum haec epistula in debitum solvet,

will pay a debt with one, Sen. Ep. 7, 10:

reddere,

to repay, Col. 10, pr. 1.

Prov.:

animan debere,

to be over head and ears in debt, Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 56 ("Graecum proverbium, kai autên tên psuchên opheilei," Don.).

Trop., to owe something, i. e. to be under obligation, both to and for something.

To owe, i. e. to be bound or under obligation to render, pay, etc., something (for syn. cf.: necesse est, oportet, cogo, decet, opus est, par est, meum, tuum... alicujus est).

In gen.

with acc.:

ego hoc tibi pro servitio debeo,

Ter. Andr. 4, 1, 51:

quo etiam majorem ei res publica gratiam debet,

Cic. Phil. 2, 11, 27; so,

gratiam,

Sall. J. 110; cf. no. b:

videris patriae hoc munus debere,

Cic. Leg. 1, 25:

si fidem debet tutor,

Quint. 5, 10, 73 (acc. to Cic. Top. 10, 42, si tutor fidem praestare debet); cf. no. b:

dies longa videtur opus debentibus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 21:

quos mundo debes oculos,

Ov. M. 4, 197:

debueram patriae poenas odiisque meorum,

Verg. A. 10, 853; cf. Ov. M. 6, 538; id. F. 5, 648:

juvenem nil jam caelestibus ullis debentem,

Verg. A. 11, 51; cf. Sil. 15, 371: navis, quae tibi creditum Debes Vergilium finibus Atticis, Hor. Od. 1, 3, 6; Ov. M. 1, 481 sq.:

Turnum debent haec jam mihi sacra,

Verg. A. 12, 317 Wagn. N. cr.; cf. id. ib. 11, 179:

isti tibi quid homines debent?

i. e. what business have you with those men? Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 51; cf. infra b fin. —

With inf., to be bound, in duty bound to do something; I ought, must, should, etc., do it (in class. prose always in the sense of moral necessity; in the poets sometimes for necesse est):

debetis velle quae velimus,

Plaut. Am. prol. 39:

num ferre contra patriam arma illi cum Coriolano debuerunt?

Cic. Lael. 11:

multo illa gravius aestimare debere,

Caes. B. G. 7, 14 fin.:

Africam forte Tubero obtinere debebat,

id. B. C. 1, 30:

debes hoc etiam rescribere,

Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 30 et saep.:

ut agri vastari, oppida expugnari non debuerint, Caes, B. G. 1, 11: summae se iniquitatis condemnari debere, si, etc.,

id. ib. 7, 19 fin.:

scriptor... inter perfectos veteresque referri debet, etc.,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 37 (for which ib. 41: inter quos referendus erit? cf. also ultima semper Exspectanda dies homini;

dicique beatus Ante obitum nemo debet,

Ov. M. 3, 137):

ut jam nunc dicat, jam nunc debentia dici,

Hor. A. P. 43 et saep.— Poet. for necesse est, oportet, it is necessary, it must needs (so almost everywhere in Lucret.):

omnia debet enim cibus integrare novando et fulcire cibus, etc.,

Lucr. 2, 1146; 3, 188; 4, 61; 1, 232 Munro.—

Pass., to be due or owing:

Veneri jam et Libero reliquum tempus deberi arbitrabatur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11:

quanta his (sc. dis) gratia debeatur,

id. Fin. 3, 22, 73; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9 fin.:

honores non ex merito, sed quasi debitos repetere,

Sall. J. 85, 37 et saep.:

persolvant grates dignas et praemia reddant Debita!

Verg. A. 2, 538:

debita quam sulcis committas semina,

id. G. 1, 223; Prop. 1, 6, 17; 2, 28, 60 (3, 26, 14 M.):

debitae Nymphis opifex coronae,

Hor. Od. 3, 27, 30:

calentem debita sparges lacrima favillam,

id. ib. 2, 6, 23; Prop. 3, 7, 9 (4, 6, 9 M.):

soli mihi Pallas debetur,

Verg. A. 10, 443 et saep.:

quid tibi istic debetur?

what business have you there? Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 18; id. Truc. 2, 2, 8; id. Rud. 1, 1, 34; cf. supra, a

.—Hence, Dēbĭtum, i, n., what is due, debt, duty, obligation (post-Aug. and rare):

velut omni vitae debito liberatus,

Curt. 10, 5, 3:

nepotum nutriendorum,

Val. Max. 2, 9, 1:

non secundum gratiam, sed secundum debitum,

Vulg. Rom. 4, 4; 1 Cor. 7, 3:

solvere debito,

to free from obligation, Sen. Ben. 6, 4, 1.—

Poet. (esp. in Verg.) and in post-Aug. prose like the Gr. opheilô and ophliskanô.

To owe, i. e. to be bound or destined by fate or by nature (v. Lidd. and Scott sub. opheilô, no. 3).

Act.. urbem et jam cerno Phrygios debere nepotes, i. e. are destined to found, Ov. M. 15, 444:

debet multas hic legibus aevi (i. e. fato) Ante suam mortes,

Luc. 2, 82; cf. id. 6, 530.—More usually,

pass., to be due i. e. to be destined:

cui regnum Italiae Romanaque tellus Debentur,

Verg. A. 4, 276; cf. id. ib. 3, 184; 7, 120;

145: indigetem Aeneam scis Deberi caelo,

id. ib. 12, 795:

animae, quibus altera fato Corpora debentur,

id. ib. 6, 714:

sors ista senectae Debita erat nostrae,

id. ib. 11, 166:

fatis debitus Arruns,

i. e. devoted to death, id. ib. 11, 759:

dum bello Argolici vastabant Pergama reges Debita casurasque inimicis ignibus arces,

id. ib. 8, 375 (" fataliter ad exitium destinata," Serv.); cf. so absol.:

tempora Parcae debita complerant,

id. ib. 9, 108:

morbo naturae debitum reddiderunt,

Nep. Reg. 1 fin.: DEBITVM NATVRAE PERSOLVIT, etc., Inscr. Orell. no. 3453;

and simply DEBITVM PERSOLVIT,

id. ib. no. 4482.—

So, because what one is destined by the fates to suffer is regarded as his debt (ophliskanein gelôta tini):

tu nisi ventis debes ludibrium, cave,

Hor. Od. 1, 14, 16.

To owe something to some one, to be indebted to or to have to thank one for something.

With acc.:

ut hoc summum beneficium Q. Maximo debuerim,

Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 121; so magna beneficia mihi, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12;

qui mihi laudem illam eo minus deberet,

Cic. Att. 1, 14, 3:

me paene plus tibi quam ipsi Miloni debiturum,

id. Fam. 2, 6 fin.; cf. id. Planc. 28;

and quantum cuique deberet,

Nep. Epam. 3 fin.; Plin. Pan. 30, 1 et saep.:

o cui debere salutem Confiteor,

Ov. M. 7, 164;

so vitam,

id. Pont. 4, 5, 31;

and in a like sense: se,

id. M. 7, 48; 2, 644; so,

in a bad sense, hoc quoque Tarquinio debebimus,

id. Fast. 2, 825. —

Absol., to be indebted, obliged, under obligation to one:

verum fac me multis debere, et in iis Plancio, etc.,

Cic. Planc. 28; cf.

with a clause: tibi nos debere fatemur, quod, etc.,

Ov. M. 4, 76.

To continue to owe something; i. e. to withhold, keep back:

quod praesenti tibi non tribueram, id absenti debere non potui,

Cic. Fam. 7, 19, init. —So pass.:

sic enim diximus, et tibi hoc video non posse debere,

id. Tusc. 2, 27, 67 fin.

dēbĕo ( dehibeo, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 24 infra, cf. Ritschl, Opusc. Phil. 2, 590), ŭi, ĭtum, 2, v. a. [de-habeo], (lit., to have or keep from some one: "qui pecuniam dissolvit, statim non habet id quod reddidit, qui autem debet, aes retinet alienum," Cic. Planc. 28, 68 Wund.; hence), to owe (Gr. opheilô; opp. reddo, solvo, dissolvo, persolvo, freq. and class.).

Lit., of money and money's worth.

Act.,

with acc.:

quas (drachmas) de ratione dehibuisti,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 24; cf. Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 43:

Mylasis et Alabandis pecuniam Cluvio debent,

Cic. Fam. 13, 56; so,

pecuniam alicui,

id. ib. 13, 14 et saep.:

qui dissolverem quae debeo,

Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 51:

appellatus es de pecunia, quam pro domo, pro hortis, pro sectione debebas,

Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 71; so,

grandem pecuniam,

Sall. C. 49, 3: quadringenties HS. Cic. Phil. 2, 37:

talenta CC,

id. Att. 5, 21, 12:

quadruplum, duplum,

Quint. 7, 4, 44 et saep.—

Without acc.:

illis quibus debeo,

Ter. Ph. 5, 7, 30:

ut illi quam plurimi deberent,

Sall. J. 96, 2:

nec ipsi debeo,

Quint. 4, 4, 6: Cal. Jan. debuit;

adhuc non solvit,

Cic. Att. 14, 18; Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 3 et saep.— Part. pres. as subst.: debentes, ium, m., debtors, Liv. 6, 27, 3; cf. Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 5.—

Pass.:

dum pecunia accipitur, quae mihi ex publica permutatione debetur,

Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 4; id. Verr. 2, 3, 82; cf.:

quam ad diem legioni frumentum deberi sciebat,

Caes. B. G. 6, 33:

a publicanis suae provinciae debitam biennii pecuniam exegerat,

id. B. C. 3, 31; Quint. 5, 10, 117:

quod si omnino non debetur? Quid? praetor solet judicare deberi?

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10; cf.:

quaeretur an debeatur,

Quint. 7, 1, 21 et saep.—Hence,

Dēbĭ-tum, i, n., what is owing, a debt, Cic. Att. 13, 23 fin.:

ne de bonis deminui paterentur priusquam Fundanio debitum solutum esset,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10:

tamquam debito fraudetur,

id. Or. 53, 178:

ex quibus unum haec epistula in debitum solvet,

will pay a debt with one, Sen. Ep. 7, 10:

reddere,

to repay, Col. 10, pr. 1.

Prov.:

animan debere,

to be over head and ears in debt, Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 56 ("Graecum proverbium, kai autên tên psuchên opheilei," Don.).

Trop., to owe something, i. e. to be under obligation, both to and for something.

To owe, i. e. to be bound or under obligation to render, pay, etc., something (for syn. cf.: necesse est, oportet, cogo, decet, opus est, par est, meum, tuum... alicujus est).

In gen.

with acc.:

ego hoc tibi pro servitio debeo,

Ter. Andr. 4, 1, 51:

quo etiam majorem ei res publica gratiam debet,

Cic. Phil. 2, 11, 27; so,

gratiam,

Sall. J. 110; cf. no. b:

videris patriae hoc munus debere,

Cic. Leg. 1, 25:

si fidem debet tutor,

Quint. 5, 10, 73 (acc. to Cic. Top. 10, 42, si tutor fidem praestare debet); cf. no. b:

dies longa videtur opus debentibus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 21:

quos mundo debes oculos,

Ov. M. 4, 197:

debueram patriae poenas odiisque meorum,

Verg. A. 10, 853; cf. Ov. M. 6, 538; id. F. 5, 648:

juvenem nil jam caelestibus ullis debentem,

Verg. A. 11, 51; cf. Sil. 15, 371: navis, quae tibi creditum Debes Vergilium finibus Atticis, Hor. Od. 1, 3, 6; Ov. M. 1, 481 sq.:

Turnum debent haec jam mihi sacra,

Verg. A. 12, 317 Wagn. N. cr.; cf. id. ib. 11, 179:

isti tibi quid homines debent?

i. e. what business have you with those men? Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 51; cf. infra b fin. —

With inf., to be bound, in duty bound to do something; I ought, must, should, etc., do it (in class. prose always in the sense of moral necessity; in the poets sometimes for necesse est):

debetis velle quae velimus,

Plaut. Am. prol. 39:

num ferre contra patriam arma illi cum Coriolano debuerunt?

Cic. Lael. 11:

multo illa gravius aestimare debere,

Caes. B. G. 7, 14 fin.:

Africam forte Tubero obtinere debebat,

id. B. C. 1, 30:

debes hoc etiam rescribere,

Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 30 et saep.:

ut agri vastari, oppida expugnari non debuerint, Caes, B. G. 1, 11: summae se iniquitatis condemnari debere, si, etc.,

id. ib. 7, 19 fin.:

scriptor... inter perfectos veteresque referri debet, etc.,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 37 (for which ib. 41: inter quos referendus erit? cf. also ultima semper Exspectanda dies homini;

dicique beatus Ante obitum nemo debet,

Ov. M. 3, 137):

ut jam nunc dicat, jam nunc debentia dici,

Hor. A. P. 43 et saep.— Poet. for necesse est, oportet, it is necessary, it must needs (so almost everywhere in Lucret.):

omnia debet enim cibus integrare novando et fulcire cibus, etc.,

Lucr. 2, 1146; 3, 188; 4, 61; 1, 232 Munro.—

Pass., to be due or owing:

Veneri jam et Libero reliquum tempus deberi arbitrabatur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11:

quanta his (sc. dis) gratia debeatur,

id. Fin. 3, 22, 73; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9 fin.:

honores non ex merito, sed quasi debitos repetere,

Sall. J. 85, 37 et saep.:

persolvant grates dignas et praemia reddant Debita!

Verg. A. 2, 538:

debita quam sulcis committas semina,

id. G. 1, 223; Prop. 1, 6, 17; 2, 28, 60 (3, 26, 14 M.):

debitae Nymphis opifex coronae,

Hor. Od. 3, 27, 30:

calentem debita sparges lacrima favillam,

id. ib. 2, 6, 23; Prop. 3, 7, 9 (4, 6, 9 M.):

soli mihi Pallas debetur,

Verg. A. 10, 443 et saep.:

quid tibi istic debetur?

what business have you there? Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 18; id. Truc. 2, 2, 8; id. Rud. 1, 1, 34; cf. supra, a

.—Hence, Dēbĭtum, i, n., what is due, debt, duty, obligation (post-Aug. and rare):

velut omni vitae debito liberatus,

Curt. 10, 5, 3:

nepotum nutriendorum,

Val. Max. 2, 9, 1:

non secundum gratiam, sed secundum debitum,

Vulg. Rom. 4, 4; 1 Cor. 7, 3:

solvere debito,

to free from obligation, Sen. Ben. 6, 4, 1.—

Poet. (esp. in Verg.) and in post-Aug. prose like the Gr. opheilô and ophliskanô.

To owe, i. e. to be bound or destined by fate or by nature (v. Lidd. and Scott sub. opheilô, no. 3).

Act.. urbem et jam cerno Phrygios debere nepotes, i. e. are destined to found, Ov. M. 15, 444:

debet multas hic legibus aevi (i. e. fato) Ante suam mortes,

Luc. 2, 82; cf. id. 6, 530.—More usually,

pass., to be due i. e. to be destined:

cui regnum Italiae Romanaque tellus Debentur,

Verg. A. 4, 276; cf. id. ib. 3, 184; 7, 120;

145: indigetem Aeneam scis Deberi caelo,

id. ib. 12, 795:

animae, quibus altera fato Corpora debentur,

id. ib. 6, 714:

sors ista senectae Debita erat nostrae,

id. ib. 11, 166:

fatis debitus Arruns,

i. e. devoted to death, id. ib. 11, 759:

dum bello Argolici vastabant Pergama reges Debita casurasque inimicis ignibus arces,

id. ib. 8, 375 (" fataliter ad exitium destinata," Serv.); cf. so absol.:

tempora Parcae debita complerant,

id. ib. 9, 108:

morbo naturae debitum reddiderunt,

Nep. Reg. 1 fin.: DEBITVM NATVRAE PERSOLVIT, etc., Inscr. Orell. no. 3453;

and simply DEBITVM PERSOLVIT,

id. ib. no. 4482.—

So, because what one is destined by the fates to suffer is regarded as his debt (ophliskanein gelôta tini):

tu nisi ventis debes ludibrium, cave,

Hor. Od. 1, 14, 16.

To owe something to some one, to be indebted to or to have to thank one for something.

With acc.:

ut hoc summum beneficium Q. Maximo debuerim,

Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 121; so magna beneficia mihi, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12;

qui mihi laudem illam eo minus deberet,

Cic. Att. 1, 14, 3:

me paene plus tibi quam ipsi Miloni debiturum,

id. Fam. 2, 6 fin.; cf. id. Planc. 28;

and quantum cuique deberet,

Nep. Epam. 3 fin.; Plin. Pan. 30, 1 et saep.:

o cui debere salutem Confiteor,

Ov. M. 7, 164;

so vitam,

id. Pont. 4, 5, 31;

and in a like sense: se,

id. M. 7, 48; 2, 644; so,

in a bad sense, hoc quoque Tarquinio debebimus,

id. Fast. 2, 825. —

Absol., to be indebted, obliged, under obligation to one:

verum fac me multis debere, et in iis Plancio, etc.,

Cic. Planc. 28; cf.

with a clause: tibi nos debere fatemur, quod, etc.,

Ov. M. 4, 76.

To continue to owe something; i. e. to withhold, keep back:

quod praesenti tibi non tribueram, id absenti debere non potui,

Cic. Fam. 7, 19, init. —So pass.:

sic enim diximus, et tibi hoc video non posse debere,

id. Tusc. 2, 27, 67 fin.

dĕcĭmo or dĕcŭmo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [decimus].

To select by lot every tenth man for punishment, to decimate (postAug., although the practice itself occurs as early as 283 A. U. C.; v. Liv. 2, 59 fin.), Suet. Galb. 12:

cohortes,

id. Aug. 24: cohortium militem, Frontin. Strat. 4, 1, 37 al.— Absol., Suet. Calig. 48.—

To cause to pay tithes, to collect tithes from a person. — Pass.:

et Levi decimatus est,

Vulg. Hebr. 7, 9.—

To select the tenth part as an offering, to pay tithes of anything, Fest. p. 237, 25 Müll.; Vulg. Matth. 23, 23.—Hence, dĕcŭmātus, a, um, P. a., selected, excellent, choice:

honestas,

Symm. Ep. 3, 49 and 51.— Sup.:

juvenis,

id. ib. 8, 16.

dĕcĭmo or dĕcŭmo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [decimus].

To select by lot every tenth man for punishment, to decimate (postAug., although the practice itself occurs as early as 283 A. U. C.; v. Liv. 2, 59 fin.), Suet. Galb. 12:

cohortes,

id. Aug. 24: cohortium militem, Frontin. Strat. 4, 1, 37 al.— Absol., Suet. Calig. 48.—

To cause to pay tithes, to collect tithes from a person. — Pass.:

et Levi decimatus est,

Vulg. Hebr. 7, 9.—

To select the tenth part as an offering, to pay tithes of anything, Fest. p. 237, 25 Müll.; Vulg. Matth. 23, 23.—Hence, dĕcŭmātus, a, um, P. a., selected, excellent, choice:

honestas,

Symm. Ep. 3, 49 and 51.— Sup.:

juvenis,

id. ib. 8, 16.

dĕcĭmo or dĕcŭmo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [decimus].

To select by lot every tenth man for punishment, to decimate (postAug., although the practice itself occurs as early as 283 A. U. C.; v. Liv. 2, 59 fin.), Suet. Galb. 12:

cohortes,

id. Aug. 24: cohortium militem, Frontin. Strat. 4, 1, 37 al.— Absol., Suet. Calig. 48.—

To cause to pay tithes, to collect tithes from a person. — Pass.:

et Levi decimatus est,

Vulg. Hebr. 7, 9.—

To select the tenth part as an offering, to pay tithes of anything, Fest. p. 237, 25 Müll.; Vulg. Matth. 23, 23.—Hence, dĕcŭmātus, a, um, P. a., selected, excellent, choice:

honestas,

Symm. Ep. 3, 49 and 51.— Sup.:

juvenis,

id. ib. 8, 16.

dis-solvo, solvi, sŏlūtum, 3, v. a., to loosen asunder, to unloose, disunite, separate, dissolve, destroy (freq. and class.).

Lit.

In gen.:

facilius est apta dissolvere quam dissipata conectere,

Cic. Or. 71, 235:

opus ipsa suum eadem quae coagmentavit natura dissolvit,

id. de Sen. 20, 72:

dissolvunt nodos omnes et vincla relaxant,

Lucr. 6, 356:

contextum,

id. 1, 243:

stamina,

Tib. 1, 7, 2:

ornatus comae,

id. 1, 10, 62:

capillum,

Plin. 28, 7, 23, § 78:

sparta navium,

id. 24, 9, 40, § 65:

pontem,

Nep. Them. 5, 1 et saep.:

nubila ventis,

Lucr. 6, 514; cf.

nubes (ventus, with diducit),

id. 6, 216:

glaciem (sol),

to melt, id. 6, 964:

aes (fulmen),

id. 6, 352:

corpora (vis),

id. 1, 224:

se (venti vortex),

id. 6, 446:

tenebras luce,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 79 Müll.:

dissolutum navigium vel potius dissipatum,

Cic. Att. 15, 11, 3; so,

navem,

Phaedr. 4, 22, 10; Ov. Tr. 4, 8, 18:

stomachum,

i. e. to loosen, relax, Plin. 20, 23, 96, § 256:

ilia sua visu,

Petr. 24, 5:

resinam omnem oleo,

Plin. 14, 20, 25, § 123: collegia, Suet. Aug. 32:

cohortem Germanorum,

id. Galb. 12 et saep.:

animam,

i. e. to die, Lucr. 3, 601; cf. id. 456; Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, 24.—

In partic.

In mercant. lang., to pay, discharge what one owes:

dinumerando solvere: aes alienum praediis venditis,

Cic. Sull. 20, 56; id. Off. 2, 2, 4; Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 44:

nomen,

Cic. Planc. 28:

omne quod debuit,

id. Rosc. Com. 13, 38:

quae debeo,

Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 50: pecuniam pro iis rebus, * Caes. B. C. 1, 87, 1:

pecuniam publicam ulli civitati,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 75:

poenam,

to pay a fine, id. Tusc. 1, 42, 100; cf.:

dissolvere et compensare damna,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 13:

vota,

id. Att. 15, 11 fin.; Cat. 66, 38.—

Mid., transf. to the person: quarum (possessionum) amore adducti dissolvi nullo modo possunt, free or release themselves from debt, Cic. Cat. 2, 8, 18.—

In medic. lang., like digerere, discutere, to discuss, dissipate morbid matter, Plin. 20, 12, 48, § 122; 24, 6, 14, § 23; 24, 9, 38, § 60 al.

Trop., to dissolve, abolish, abrogate, annul, destroy.

In gen.:

utilitas si amicitias conglutinaret, eadem commutata dissolveret,

Cic. Lael. 9, 32; cf. id. de Or. 1, 42, 188:

amicitiam,

id. Rosc. Am. 39:

societatem,

id. Rosc. Com. 13, 38:

consortionem,

id. Off. 3, 6:

matrimonia,

Cod. Just. 5, 17, 8 et saep.:

perjurium,

Cic. Off. 3, 32, 113; cf.

religiones,

Liv. 40, 29:

acta Caesaris,

Cic. Phil. 1, 7 fin.; cf.:

leges Caesaris,

ib. 1, 8 init.:

judicia publica,

id. Agr. 2, 13 fin.:

hoc interdictum,

id. Caecin. 14, 40 et saep.:

argentariam,

id. ib. 4, 11:

regiam potestatem,

Nep. Lys. 3 fin.; cf.

rem publicam,

Liv. 5, 6 fin.:

severitatem,

Cic. Mur. 31, 65:

frigus,

Hor. C. 1, 9, 5 et saep.:

mortem cuncta mortalium mala dissolvere,

Sall. C. 51, 20; cf.

with pers. object: plerosque senectus dissolvit,

id. J. 17, 6.—

In partic.

In rhet. and philos. lang., to refute, reply to, answer an assertion:

criminatio tota dissoluta est (with diluere),

Cic. Rosc. Am. 29, 82:

seu proposita confirmamus, seu contra dicta dissolvimus,

Quint. 4 prooem. § 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 38; id. Tusc. 3, 30; Quint. 5, 13, 2; Tac. A. 13, 21 al.—

(Acc. to I. B. 1. b.) To release, disengage one:

obsecro, dissolve jam me,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 54; id. Poen. 1, 1, 20; Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 102.—Hence, dissŏ-lūtus, a, um, P. a., unloosed, loose, disconnected.

Of discourse: alterum nimis est vinctum, ut de industria factum appareat;

alterum nimis dissolutum, ut pervagatum ac vulgare videatur,

Cic. Or. 57, 195; Quint. 2, 11, 7; 8, 6, 62 al.—Hence, subst.: dissolūtum, i, n., a gram. fig., i. q. asundeton, asyndeton, Auct. Her. 4, 30, 41; Cic. de Or. 3, 54, 207 (also ap. Quint. 9, 1, 34).—

Of character, lax, remiss, negligent, inattentive, careless; licentious, dissolute (cf.:

mollis, luxuriosus, effeminatus): negligere quid de se quisque sentiat, non solum arrogantis est, sed omnino dissoluti,

Cic. Off. 1, 28, 99:

cupio in tantis rei publicae periculis me non dissolutum videri,

id. Cat. 1, 2, 4; cf.:

in praetermittendo (opp. crudelis in animadvertendo),

id. Verr. 2, 5, 3 fin.:

opp. vehemens,

id. ib. 2, 5, 40:

(Verres) omnium hominum dissolutissimus crudelissimusque,

id. ib. 2, 3, 56; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 57; id. Tusc. 4, 25 fin.; Nep. Alcib. 1 fin. al.:

quis tam dissolutus in re familiari fuisset, quis tam negligens, etc.?

Cic. Quint. 11, 38; cf. id. ib. 12, 40 et saep.:

animus,

id. Rosc. Am. 11, 32; cf.

mens luxu,

Tac. A. 15, 49 fin.:

consuetudo Graecorum,

Cic. Fl. 9;

and, mores,

Phaedr. 1, 2, 12:

comitas,

Quint. 2, 2, 5:

libelli multo dissolutiores ipsis actionibus,

Sen. Contr. 5 praef.:

nihil asperum... nec tamen quicquam populare ac dissolutum,

Cic. Att. 1, 19, 8; id. Off. 1, 35, 129.— Adv.: dissŏlūte.

Acc. to A., loosely, disconnectedly:

dicere demptis conjunctionibus,

Cic. Or. 39, 135.—

Acc. to B., laxly, negligently, carelessly:

dissolute et turpiter scribere de restitutione alicujus,

Cic. Att. 14, 13 fin.:

vendere decumas,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 39 fin.:

jus suum relinquere,

id. Caecin. 36:

factum aliquid,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 8; cf. id. Phil. 6, 1.

dis-solvo, solvi, sŏlūtum, 3, v. a., to loosen asunder, to unloose, disunite, separate, dissolve, destroy (freq. and class.).

Lit.

In gen.:

facilius est apta dissolvere quam dissipata conectere,

Cic. Or. 71, 235:

opus ipsa suum eadem quae coagmentavit natura dissolvit,

id. de Sen. 20, 72:

dissolvunt nodos omnes et vincla relaxant,

Lucr. 6, 356:

contextum,

id. 1, 243:

stamina,

Tib. 1, 7, 2:

ornatus comae,

id. 1, 10, 62:

capillum,

Plin. 28, 7, 23, § 78:

sparta navium,

id. 24, 9, 40, § 65:

pontem,

Nep. Them. 5, 1 et saep.:

nubila ventis,

Lucr. 6, 514; cf.

nubes (ventus, with diducit),

id. 6, 216:

glaciem (sol),

to melt, id. 6, 964:

aes (fulmen),

id. 6, 352:

corpora (vis),

id. 1, 224:

se (venti vortex),

id. 6, 446:

tenebras luce,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 79 Müll.:

dissolutum navigium vel potius dissipatum,

Cic. Att. 15, 11, 3; so,

navem,

Phaedr. 4, 22, 10; Ov. Tr. 4, 8, 18:

stomachum,

i. e. to loosen, relax, Plin. 20, 23, 96, § 256:

ilia sua visu,

Petr. 24, 5:

resinam omnem oleo,

Plin. 14, 20, 25, § 123: collegia, Suet. Aug. 32:

cohortem Germanorum,

id. Galb. 12 et saep.:

animam,

i. e. to die, Lucr. 3, 601; cf. id. 456; Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, 24.—

In partic.

In mercant. lang., to pay, discharge what one owes:

dinumerando solvere: aes alienum praediis venditis,

Cic. Sull. 20, 56; id. Off. 2, 2, 4; Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 44:

nomen,

Cic. Planc. 28:

omne quod debuit,

id. Rosc. Com. 13, 38:

quae debeo,

Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 50: pecuniam pro iis rebus, * Caes. B. C. 1, 87, 1:

pecuniam publicam ulli civitati,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 75:

poenam,

to pay a fine, id. Tusc. 1, 42, 100; cf.:

dissolvere et compensare damna,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 13:

vota,

id. Att. 15, 11 fin.; Cat. 66, 38.—

Mid., transf. to the person: quarum (possessionum) amore adducti dissolvi nullo modo possunt, free or release themselves from debt, Cic. Cat. 2, 8, 18.—

In medic. lang., like digerere, discutere, to discuss, dissipate morbid matter, Plin. 20, 12, 48, § 122; 24, 6, 14, § 23; 24, 9, 38, § 60 al.

Trop., to dissolve, abolish, abrogate, annul, destroy.

In gen.:

utilitas si amicitias conglutinaret, eadem commutata dissolveret,

Cic. Lael. 9, 32; cf. id. de Or. 1, 42, 188:

amicitiam,

id. Rosc. Am. 39:

societatem,

id. Rosc. Com. 13, 38:

consortionem,

id. Off. 3, 6:

matrimonia,

Cod. Just. 5, 17, 8 et saep.:

perjurium,

Cic. Off. 3, 32, 113; cf.

religiones,

Liv. 40, 29:

acta Caesaris,

Cic. Phil. 1, 7 fin.; cf.:

leges Caesaris,

ib. 1, 8 init.:

judicia publica,

id. Agr. 2, 13 fin.:

hoc interdictum,

id. Caecin. 14, 40 et saep.:

argentariam,

id. ib. 4, 11:

regiam potestatem,

Nep. Lys. 3 fin.; cf.

rem publicam,

Liv. 5, 6 fin.:

severitatem,

Cic. Mur. 31, 65:

frigus,

Hor. C. 1, 9, 5 et saep.:

mortem cuncta mortalium mala dissolvere,

Sall. C. 51, 20; cf.

with pers. object: plerosque senectus dissolvit,

id. J. 17, 6.—

In partic.

In rhet. and philos. lang., to refute, reply to, answer an assertion:

criminatio tota dissoluta est (with diluere),

Cic. Rosc. Am. 29, 82:

seu proposita confirmamus, seu contra dicta dissolvimus,

Quint. 4 prooem. § 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 38; id. Tusc. 3, 30; Quint. 5, 13, 2; Tac. A. 13, 21 al.—

(Acc. to I. B. 1. b.) To release, disengage one:

obsecro, dissolve jam me,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 54; id. Poen. 1, 1, 20; Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 102.—Hence, dissŏ-lūtus, a, um, P. a., unloosed, loose, disconnected.

Of discourse: alterum nimis est vinctum, ut de industria factum appareat;

alterum nimis dissolutum, ut pervagatum ac vulgare videatur,

Cic. Or. 57, 195; Quint. 2, 11, 7; 8, 6, 62 al.—Hence, subst.: dissolūtum, i, n., a gram. fig., i. q. asundeton, asyndeton, Auct. Her. 4, 30, 41; Cic. de Or. 3, 54, 207 (also ap. Quint. 9, 1, 34).—

Of character, lax, remiss, negligent, inattentive, careless; licentious, dissolute (cf.:

mollis, luxuriosus, effeminatus): negligere quid de se quisque sentiat, non solum arrogantis est, sed omnino dissoluti,

Cic. Off. 1, 28, 99:

cupio in tantis rei publicae periculis me non dissolutum videri,

id. Cat. 1, 2, 4; cf.:

in praetermittendo (opp. crudelis in animadvertendo),

id. Verr. 2, 5, 3 fin.:

opp. vehemens,

id. ib. 2, 5, 40:

(Verres) omnium hominum dissolutissimus crudelissimusque,

id. ib. 2, 3, 56; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 57; id. Tusc. 4, 25 fin.; Nep. Alcib. 1 fin. al.:

quis tam dissolutus in re familiari fuisset, quis tam negligens, etc.?

Cic. Quint. 11, 38; cf. id. ib. 12, 40 et saep.:

animus,

id. Rosc. Am. 11, 32; cf.

mens luxu,

Tac. A. 15, 49 fin.:

consuetudo Graecorum,

Cic. Fl. 9;

and, mores,

Phaedr. 1, 2, 12:

comitas,

Quint. 2, 2, 5:

libelli multo dissolutiores ipsis actionibus,

Sen. Contr. 5 praef.:

nihil asperum... nec tamen quicquam populare ac dissolutum,

Cic. Att. 1, 19, 8; id. Off. 1, 35, 129.— Adv.: dissŏlūte.

Acc. to A., loosely, disconnectedly:

dicere demptis conjunctionibus,

Cic. Or. 39, 135.—

Acc. to B., laxly, negligently, carelessly:

dissolute et turpiter scribere de restitutione alicujus,

Cic. Att. 14, 13 fin.:

vendere decumas,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 39 fin.:

jus suum relinquere,

id. Caecin. 36:

factum aliquid,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 8; cf. id. Phil. 6, 1.

ex-pĕdĭo, īvi or ĭi, ītum, 4 (archaic fut. expedibo, Enn., Pac., Att., and Pompon. ap. Non. 505, 15 sq.; 477, 2; Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 36), v. a. [pes], orig., to free the feet, i. e. from a snare; hence, in gen., to extricate, disengage, let loose, set free, liberate any thing entangled, involved (class.; esp. freq. in the trop. signif.; syn.: extrico, enodo, enucleo, explico, expono, interpretor, etc.).

Lit.:

videte, in quot se laqueos induerit, quorum ex nullo se umquam expediet,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102; cf. id. ib. 43, §

106: mortis laqueis caput,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 8; cf.

also: vix illigatum te triformi Pegasus expediet Chimaera,

id. ib. 1, 27, 24:

flammam inter et hostes Expedior,

make my way through, Verg. A. 2, 633:

errantem nemori,

Ov. F. 4, 669 et saep.—With inanim. and abstr. objects:

aditus expediunt,

open a passage, Caes. B. G. 7, 86 fin.:

sibi locum,

id. B. C. 2, 9, 6:

iter fugae per invias rupes,

Liv. 38, 2, 14:

agrum saxosum lectione lapidum,

Col. 2, 2, 12: capillus pectine quotidie expediendus est, disentangled, Fronto de Eloqu. init. —

Transf.

In gen., to fetch out, bring forward, procure, make ready, prepare any thing folded up, put away, etc.: funes expediunt, Sisenn. ap. Non. 297, 1:

vela,

Ov. H. 17, 200:

hominem nudari et virgas expediri jubet,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 62, § 161:

cererem canistris,

Verg. A. 1, 702:

convivia mediis tectis (famulae),

Val. Fl. 2, 341; cf.:

cibaria pastoribus,

to provide, Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 6:

merces suas (institor),

Ov. A. A. 1, 422: pecuniam, to procure, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 298, 22; Suet. Caes. 4:

arma,

to hold in readiness, Caes. B. G. 7, 18 fin.; Tac. A. 2, 79; Verg. A. 4, 592:

tela equosque,

Liv. 38, 25, 14:

ferrum,

id. 24, 26, 10:

naves,

Caes. B. C. 2, 4 fin.:

vineas in occulto,

id. B. G 7, 27, 2:

copias,

Tac. A. 13, 7:

se celeriter (Galli equites),

Caes. B. C. 1, 51, 4:

se,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 52; Liv. 38, 21, 2; cf.

mid.: exercitum expediri ad bellum jubet,

Tac. H. 2, 99. —

to send away, despatch ( poet.):

me ex suis locis pulcre ornatum expedivit,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 3: saepe disco, Saepe trans finem jaculo nobilis expedito, despatched, i. e. hurled, Hor. C. 1, 8, 12.—

Absol., for expedire se, to arm one's self for battle (only in Tac.), Tac. H. 1, 10:

multos secum expedire jubet,

id. ib. 1, 88; 2, 99.

Trop., to bring out, extricate, release, free from any evil, obstacle, etc.:

impeditum animum,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 17; cf.:

sapientis est, cum stultitiā suā impeditus sit, quoquo modo possit, se expedire,

Cic. Rab. Post. 9, 24:

haererem, nisi tu me expedisses,

id. Pis. 30, 74:

ex servitute filium,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 94; cf.:

se ex turba,

Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 5:

se ab omni occupatione,

Cic. Att. 3, 20, 2:

aliquem omni molestiā,

id. ib. 2, 25, 2; so,

se aerumnis,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 8:

se crimine,

id. ib. 5, 1, 28:

se cura,

id. Phorm. 5, 4, 4:

civitatem malis obsidionalibus,

Amm. 16, 4, 3: amor Lycisci me tenet, Unde expedire non queant amicorum consilia, Hor. Epod. 11, 25: curae sagaces Expediunt (Claudiae manus) per acuta belli, bring or help through, id. C. 4, 4, 76; cf.:

per quot discrimina rerum Expedior?

escape, Val. Fl. 1, 217:

me multa impediverunt quae ne nunc quidem expedita sunt,

Cic. Fam. 14, 19:

si vita nostra in aliquas insidias incidisset, omnis honesta ratio esset expediendae salutis,

of obtaining safety, id. Mil. 4, 10.—

Transf.

To put in order, arrange, set right:

cum Antonio loquare velim, et rem, ut poteris, expedias,

Cic. Att. 11, 18, 2:

expedire et conficere res,

id. Brut. 42, 154:

rem frumentariam,

Caes. B. G. 7, 36, 1; id. B. C. 1, 54 fin.:

negotia (with explicare),

Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 2; cf. id. ib. 1, 3, 1:

nomina mea, per deos, expedi, exsolve,

settle, pay, id. Att. 16, 6, 3:

nomen,

id. ib. 13, 29, 3:

Faberianum,

id. ib. 12, 29, 2; cf. in a pun respecting a scholar unable to pay his debts: omnes solvere posse quaestiones, Unum difficile expedire nomen, Bibacul. ap. Suet. Gram. 11:

quemadmodum expediam exitum hujus institutae orationis, non reperio,

settle, arrange, Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 2; cf.:

expediri quae restant vix poterunt. si hoc relinqueris,

id. Rep. 1, 35, 55:

consilia sua,

Tac. H. 3, 73:

docte hanc fallaciam,

put into operation, Plaut. Capt. prol. 40.—

Of speech, to disclose, unfold, explain, relate, narrate (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose;

not in Cic., Cæs., or Quint.): qui tu misera's? mi expedi,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 50 (639 Ritschl): id ego aequum ac jus fecisse expedibo atque eloquar, will show, Enn. ap. Non. 505, 19;

Pac., Att.,

Pompon. ib. 15 sq.:

agedum, hoc mihi expedi,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 27:

altius omnem Expediam prima repetens ab origine famam,

Verg. G. 4, 286:

pauca tibi e multis... expediam dictis,

id. A. 3, 379:

priusquam hujuscemodi rei initium expedio,

Sall. J. 5, 2:

nunc originem, mores, et quo facinore dominationem raptum ierit, expediam,

Tac. A. 4, 1:

me non tantum praevisa, sed subita expedire docuisti,

id. ib. 14, 55:

ea de caede quam verissime expediam,

id. H. 4, 48:

promptius expediam quot, etc.,

i. e. it will take me a shorter time to recount, Juv. 10, 220.—

Reflex. of events, to develop, run their course, proceed:

amoris arteis eloquar quem ad modum se expediant,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 10; cf.:

ut res vostrorum omnium bene expedire voltis,

to make favorable progress, id. Am. prol. 5 (Lorenz ad Plaut. Trin. 2, 36; but Ussing reads me expedire, benefit me).—

Absol., res expedit, or impers., expedit (alicui—lit., it helps out, furthers, promotes; hence), it is serviceable, profitable, advantageous, useful, expedient (class.):

nequiter paene expedivit prima parasitatio,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 23:

non igitur faciat, dixerit quis, quod utile sit, quod expediat? Immo intelligat, nihil nec expedire nec utile esse, quod sit injustum,

Cic. Off. 3, 19, 76; cf.:

quid intersit sua, quid expediat,

id. Agr. 2, 25, 66:

ex utilitatis varietatibus, cum aliis aliud expediat, nasci discordias,

id. Rep. 1, 32; cf.:

ut non idem expediret, incidere saepe,

id. Lael. 10, 33:

quidquam Caesari ad diuturnitatem victoriae et dominationis,

id. Att. 7, 22, 1:

non idem ipsis expedire et multitudini,

Nep. Milt. 3, 5 al. —With an inf. clause as subject:

expedit bonas esse vobis,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 8; cf.:

omnibus bonis expedit salvam esse rem publicam,

Cic. Phil. 13, 8, 16:

cui (reo) damnari expediret,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 3 fin.:

cum eam (pecuniam) in praediis collocari maxime expediret,

id. Caecin. 6, 16:

ubi vinci necesse est, expedit cedere,

Quint. 6, 4, 16; Hor. C. 2, 8, 9 et saep.—With subj. clause as subject after ut or ne (post-class.):

expedire omnibus dicunt, ut singulae civitates suas leges habeant,

Just. 34, 1, 7 Benecke ad loc.:

expedit rei publicae, ne sua re quis male utatur,

Just. Inst. 1, 8, 2:

neque expedire ut ambitione aliena trahatur,

Tac. A. 3, 69.— Absol.:

tu si ita expedit, velim quamprimum conscendas,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4:

sic magis expedit,

Quint. 4, 2, 67:

ut expediat causae,

id. 7, 3, 18.—Hence, ex-pĕdītus, a, um, P. a., unimpeded, unincumbered, disengaged, free, easy, ready, at hand.

Of persons:

cum ceteris quae habebat vadimonia differt, ut expeditus in Galliam proficisci posset,

Cic. Quint. 6, 23: incrmos armati, impeditos expediti interficiunt, i. e. without baggage, Sisenn. ap. Non. 58, 8; cf.:

eo circiter hominum numero XVI. milia expedita cum omni equitatu Ariovistus misit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 49, 3:

legiones expeditae,

id. B. C. 1, 42, 1;

so of soldiers without baggage,

id. ib. 2, 19, 2; 6, 25, 1; 1, 27 fin. et saep.—As subst.: expĕdī-tus, i, m., a soldier lightly burdened, a swiftly marching soldier:

latitudo (silvae) novem dierum iter expedito patet,

Caes. B. G. 6, 25, 1:

obviam fit ei Clodius expeditus in equo,

Cic. Mil. 10, 28; cf.

Sagana,

tucked up, Hor. Epod. 5, 25:

expedito nobis homine et parato opus est,

ready, at hand, prompt, Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 26; cf.:

expeditus ad caedem,

id. Agr. 2, 30, 82:

ad pronuntiandum,

id. de Or. 2, 30, 131; cf.:

facilis et expeditus ad dicendum,

id. Brut. 48 fin. —

Of inanim. or abstr. things, convenient, at hand:

iis expedito loco actuaria navigia relinquit,

commodious, Caes. B. C. 1, 27; cf.:

via expeditior ad honores,

Cic. Fl. 41, 104:

reditum in caelum patere optimo et justissimo cuique expeditissimum,

id. Lael. 4, 13:

pecunia expeditissima quae erat, tibi decreta est,

the readiest, the nearest at hand, id. Fam. 11, 24, 2; cf.

rationes,

id. ib. 10, 25, 2:

cena (with parca),

Plin. Ep. 3, 12, 1:

expeditissimum unguentorum,

Plin. 13, 1, 2, § 8:

probabili expedito, soluto, libero, nullā re implicato,

Cic. Ac. 2, 33, 105:

expedita erat et perfacile currens oratio,

id. Brut. 63, 227; cf.:

expedita ac profluens dicendi celeritas,

id. ib. 61, 220:

inops ad ornandum, sed ad inveniendum expedita Hermagorae disciplina,

id. ib. 76, 263:

prope jam expeditam Caesaris victoriam interpellaverunt,

achieved, Caes. B. C. 3, 70 fin. —

In the neutr. absol.: in expedito esse, habere, etc., to be or have in readiness or at hand:

quaedam sunt quidem in animo, sed parum prompta: quae incipiunt in expedito esse, quum dicta sunt,

Sen. Ep. 94 med.; cf.:

promptum hoc et in expedito positum,

Quint. 10, 7, 24:

in expedito haberent integras copias ad opem ferendam,

ready for action, Liv. 36, 16, 10.—Hence, adv.: ex-pĕdīte, without impediment, without difficulty, readily, promptly, quickly:

in iis rebus celeriter expediteque percipiendis, quae, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 5, 12 fin.:

expedite explicans quod proposuerat,

id. Brut. 67, 237:

fabulatu's,

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 63:

loqui,

Suet. Aug. 89.— Comp.:

non implicite et abscondite, sed patentius et expeditius,

Cic. Inv 2, 23, 69:

navigare,

id. Att. 6, 8, 4:

fit putatio,

Col. Arb. 11, 1.— Sup.:

ex quo te, quocumque opus erit, facillime et expeditissime conferas,

Cic. Fam. 6, 20, 2.

expenso, āvi, 1, v. freq. a. [id.].

To pay out, pay (ante- and post-class.):

argentum accepto, expenso,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 31:

nummos,

Dig. 40, 5, 41, § 10.—

To equalize, distribute equally:

dies intercalares intercalationibus quatuor,

Macr. S. 1, 13.

ex-solvo, solvi, sŏlūtum, 3 ( per diaeresin exsolŭātur, Lucr. 1, 811:

exsolŭïsse,

Ov. F. 4, 534; cf. solvo, init.), v. a., to loose, unloose, to unbind, untie, undo (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Lit.

In gen.:

nexus,

Lucr. 1, 220: Am. Agedum, eam solve cistulam. So. Quid ego istam exsolvam? undo, unseal, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 152:

properans exsolvi restim,

id. Rud. 2, 3, 37:

catenas Caecinae,

Tac. H. 3, 31:

vincula,

id. A. 3, 33; id. H. 3, 12:

pugionem a latere,

to ungird, id. H. 3, 68:

venas praebere exsolvendas,

to be opened, id. A. 4, 22; 11, 3; 16, 17:

brachia ferro eodem ictu,

id. ib. 15, 63:

amictus,

to pull off, Stat. S. 1, 5, 53:

venenum exsoluta alvo transmisit,

i. e. in a flux, diarrhœa, Tac. A. 13, 15.—Of an inanimate subject:

(ignis) exsolvit glaciem,

dissolves, melts, Lucr. 6, 878.—

In partic.

To set loose, release, deliver, free (mostly poet.):

aliquem vinclis,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 10; so,

exsolutus vinculis,

Suet. Ner. 49:

jube sis me exsolvi cito,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 16 sq.:

sese e nervis (animae),

Lucr. 3, 696; cf. id. 1, 811:

se paulatim corpore (said of one dying),

Verg. A. 11, 829:

quo (sanguine),

Tac. H. 5, 6.—

In mercant. lang. (qs. to free from obligation, v. solvo, to discharge, pay a debt): nomina mea, per deos, expedi, exsolve (for which, shortly after: hoc quod debeo plane expedias et solutum relinquas), Cic. Att. 16, 6, 3:

aes alienum,

Plin. Ep. 3, 11, 2:

pretium,

Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 26:

multiplicem sortem,

Liv. 6, 14, 7:

dotem uxori,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Ill. 56:

legata,

Tac. A. 1, 36 fin. et saep. —

Trop.

In gen., to throw off, lay aside, rid one's self of a thing:

legis nexus,

Tac. A. 3, 28 fin.:

metus,

i. e. to lay aside, Luc. 5, 259:

pudorem,

Stat. Ach. 1, 565:

robur peditum ad exsolvendum obsidium ducit,

i. e. to raise, Tac. A. 3, 39.—

In partic.

To release, free from any thing:

animum artis nodis religionum,

Lucr. 1, 932; 4, 7:

animos religione,

Liv. 8, 9, 13:

populum religione,

id. 3, 20, 4:

se occupationibus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 5:

aliquem errore, suspicione,

Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 26:

aliquem aere alieno,

Liv. 6, 14, 11:

curis,

Verg. A. 4, 652:

sollicitudine,

Plin. Ep. 1, 22, 11:

contumeliā,

Tac. A. 13, 36:

poenā,

id. ib. 14, 12:

custode,

id. ib. 12, 46 et saep.—

To discharge, pay a debt or an obligation:

de tertio genere se scripsit dicturum, nec exsolvit quod promiserat,

but did not keep his promise, Cic. Off. 3, 2, 7:

vota (deo),

Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 67; Liv. 21, 21, 9 (opp. se obligare):

jus jurandum,

id. 24, 18, 5:

fidem,

to fulfil one's promise, id. 26, 31, 10:

praemia, poenas alicui,

to award, id. 26, 40, 15:

gratiam recte factis, alicujus,

id. 28, 25, 6; cf.

grates,

to render, give, Tac. A. 14, 13:

beneficia,

to repay, requite, id. ib. 11, 18; cf.:

vicem beneficio,

id. H. 4, 3:

poenas morte,

to suffer, id. A. 1, 10; cf. Vell. 2, 88 fin. —

To solve, explain any thing enigmatical or obscure:

perfacile est parili ratione exsolvere nobis, quare, etc.,

Lucr. 2, 381.