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121 στάθμη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `directive, carpenter's line, finish-line, -cord, plumbline, rule, norm' (O 410).Derivatives: 1. σταθμ-άομαι (Ion. - έομαι), - άω, also m. δια-, ἐπι-, ἀντι-, `to measure (by the directive), to estimate, to gauge, to weigh' (Pi., IA.) with - ημα, - ησις, - ητικός (late). 2. - ίζω, also m. δια-, `id.' (Aq., Sm.). -- σταθμός m. `location, stable, farmstead, night lodgings, travel stage, day's march; pillar, post, jamb; balance, weight, heaviness' (Il.); pl. also - μά n. (after τάλαντα, ζυγά), to which sg. - όν `weight, balance' (IA.), poet. also `homestead, farmstead; jamb etc.' (trag. a.o.; Egli Heteroklisie 40f.). Compp., a.g. σταθμ-οῦχος m. `owner of goods etc.' (A. Fr. 226 = 376 M., Antiph., pap. a.o.), ἐπί-σταθμος m. `quartermaster' (Isoc.), `military quartered on another' (pap.; Mayser I: 3, 175); ναύ-σταθμον n. (Th.), second. - ος m. (Plb., D.S., Plu.) `anchorage, fleet-station, fleet'; prop. subst. adj. like βού-σταθμον (cf. on βούτυρον). From this 1. σταθμ-ίον n. `balance, weight' (hell. a. late); 2. - ικός `belonging to weighing' (Gal.); 3. - ώδης `rich in sediment' (Hp.; cf. ὑποστάθμη); 4. - ίζω, also w. δια-, συν- a. o. `to weigh' with - ισις f. `the weighing', - ιστής m. `weigher', - ιστί `by weight', - ιστικός `for weighing' (late); 5. - εύω, also w. κατα-, ἐπι-, `take up or have quarters etc.' with - εία f. (late).Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: Details on the meaning of στάθμη and σταθμός Jüthner Έπιτύμβιον Swoboda 107ff., Havers Glotta 25, 101ff., Holt Glotta 27, 194, Kieckers IF 38, 209f. On στάθμη: σταθμός cf. δέσμη: δεσμός and other word-pairs in Porzig Satzinhalte 283 f.; formation as βα-θμός, Arc. etc. θε-θμός (s. θεσμός), ῥυ-θμός etc. A θ appears also in εὑ-σταθής `standing firm, quiet' (Ion. hell. a. late since Il.), which has prob. been built on the aor. ἐστάθην (Risch 75). The synonymous and later attested σταθερός (A. Fr. 276 = 479 M. etc.) may have been built after the pattern of ἀ-φαν-ής: φαν-ερός a. o. Cf. Schwyzer 492 n. 12, 513 and Benveniste Origines 193 a. 200f. -- Further s. ἵστημι.Page in Frisk: 2,775Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στάθμη
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122 στέαρ
στέαρ, στέατοςGrammatical information: n.Meaning: `(standing) fat, tallow' (opposite πιμελή), also `dough' = σταῖς (Od., Hp., X., Arist. etc.).Derivatives: Dimin. στεάτ-ιον n. (Alex., Paul. Aeg.), - ώδης `tallowy' (Hp., Arist. a. o.), - ινος `of tallow, of dough' (Aesop.), - ωμα n. `tallow formation, fat-tumour' with - ωμάτιον n. (medic.), - ῖται πλακοῦντες H. as expl. of πίονες; - όομαι `to be tallowed' (LXX), `to suffer from a fat-tumour' (Hippiatr.); also στε-άζω `to tallow' (Al.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1010] *steh₂i̯-r̥Etymology: Old formation like πῖαρ, οὖθαρ a.o. (Schwyzer 518, Benveniste Origines 19, 27 a. 169); without immediate agreement outside Greek. Can stand for *στῆι̯αρ, -στᾱι̯αρ (from which with metathesis στέᾱρ [LSJ Add. et Corr. s. v.]), which makes connection with Av. stā(y)- m. `heap, mass' possible (but instr. pl. stāiš). To this with zero grade Skt. stī-má- `slow' of waters, in antevoc. position sty-āna- `curdled, fixed, stiff', prob. also stíyāḥ nom. pl. approx. `standing waters' (opposite síndhavaḥ `rivers'; RV) etc.; s. στία. -- Not here σταῖς (s. v.) and ἀγχιστῖνος (s. ἄγχι).Page in Frisk: 2,779-780Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στέαρ
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123 στέατος
στέαρ, στέατοςGrammatical information: n.Meaning: `(standing) fat, tallow' (opposite πιμελή), also `dough' = σταῖς (Od., Hp., X., Arist. etc.).Derivatives: Dimin. στεάτ-ιον n. (Alex., Paul. Aeg.), - ώδης `tallowy' (Hp., Arist. a. o.), - ινος `of tallow, of dough' (Aesop.), - ωμα n. `tallow formation, fat-tumour' with - ωμάτιον n. (medic.), - ῖται πλακοῦντες H. as expl. of πίονες; - όομαι `to be tallowed' (LXX), `to suffer from a fat-tumour' (Hippiatr.); also στε-άζω `to tallow' (Al.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1010] *steh₂i̯-r̥Etymology: Old formation like πῖαρ, οὖθαρ a.o. (Schwyzer 518, Benveniste Origines 19, 27 a. 169); without immediate agreement outside Greek. Can stand for *στῆι̯αρ, -στᾱι̯αρ (from which with metathesis στέᾱρ [LSJ Add. et Corr. s. v.]), which makes connection with Av. stā(y)- m. `heap, mass' possible (but instr. pl. stāiš). To this with zero grade Skt. stī-má- `slow' of waters, in antevoc. position sty-āna- `curdled, fixed, stiff', prob. also stíyāḥ nom. pl. approx. `standing waters' (opposite síndhavaḥ `rivers'; RV) etc.; s. στία. -- Not here σταῖς (s. v.) and ἀγχιστῖνος (s. ἄγχι).Page in Frisk: 2,779-780Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στέατος
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124 στείβω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to tread (on something), to densify by treading, to trod, to trample' (ep. poet. since Λ 534 a. Υ 499).Other forms: only presentst. except aor. κατ-έστειψας (S. OC 467; not quite certain), vbaladj. στιπτός (v. l. - ει-) `trodden solid, solid, hard'(S., Ar.), ἄ- στείβω `untrodden' (S.; also OGI 606?).Derivatives: στοιβή f. `stuffing, cushion, bulge etc.'; often as plantname `Poterium spinosum', of which the leaves were used to fill up (Hp., Ar., Arist., Epid. [IVa] etc.), with στοιβ-ίον `id.' (Dawkins JournofHellStud. 56, 10), - άς = στιβάς, - ηδόν `crammed in' (Arist.-comm.), - άζω, rarely w. δια- a.o., `to fill, to stuff' (Hdt., LXX a.o.), from which - αστός, - αστής, - ασις, - άσιμος, - ασία (hell. a. late). -- Besides zero grade nouns: A. στίβος m. `(trodden) road, path, footstep, trail' (ep. Ion. poet. since h. Merc.; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 318), `fuller's workshop' (pap. IIIa). From this 1. στιβάς, - άδος f. `bed of straw, reed or leaves, mattress, bed, grave' (IA.) with - άδιον n. `id'. (hell. a. late), - αδεύω `to use like straw' (Dsc.). 2. στιβεύς m. `hound' (Opp.), `fuller' (pap.), = ὁδευτής (H.), - εύω `to track' (D. S., Plu., H.), = πορεύεσθαι (H.) with - εία f. `the tracking etc.' (D. S. a.o.), - εῖον n. `fuller's workshop' (pap.), - ευτής m. `hound' (Sostrat. ap. Stob.); also - ίη = - εία (Opp.; metr. cond.). 3. στιβική f. `fuller's tax' (pap. IIIa). 4. στιβάζω `to enter, to track etc.' with - ασις f. (late). 5. ἐστίβηται `has been tracked' perf. pass. (S. Aj. 874; στιβέω or - άω?). 6. ἄ-στιβ-ος `unentered' (AP), usu. - ής `id.' (A., S., also X. a.o.; joined to the εσ-stems and connected with the verb), - ητος `id.' (Lyc. a.o.; cf. ἐστίβηται). 7. Στίβων name of a dog (X. Cyn.). -- B. στιβαρός `solid, compact, massive, strong' (ep. poet. Il., also hell. a. late prose); like βριαρός a.o.; Chantraine Form. 227, also Benveniste Origines 19; cf. also Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 49, - αρηδόν adv. `compact' (opposite σποράδην; late). -- C. With long vowel στί̄βη f. `ripe' (Od., Call.), - ήεις (Call.); on the meaning cf. πάγος, πάχνη to πήγνυμι.Etymology: From the Greek material the essential meaning appears to be the idea `tread (with the feet), make solid, fill up, press together' ( στοιβή, στιβάς, στι-βαρός), from where `tread' with `path, trace, track' ( στείβω, στίβος, στιβεύω). -- Exact agreements outside Greek for στείβω and related στίβος, στιβαρός are missing. Nearest comes Arm. stēp, gen. -oy `frequent, incessant, permanent' (adj. and adv.; on the meaning cf. πυκνός) with stip-em `press, urge', -aw, -ov `quick, diligent(ly)' from IE * stoibo- or * steibo-; so an exampel of the very rare IE b? Beside it with p the Lat. secondary formation stīpāre `press to gether, press, heap, fill up'; here also the Corinth. PN Στίπων (IG 4, 319)? -- To this can be connected in diff. languages on the one hand expressions for `fixed, stiff etc.': Germ., e.g. OE, MHG stīf `stiff, straight', Balt., e.g. Lith. stimpù, stìpti `become stiff or frozen', stiprùs `strong, steady'; on the other hand words for `bar, stalk, post etc.' in Lat. stīpes `pole, stem, bar', stipula `straw' and, with b (IE b as in στείβω), Lith., e.g. stíebas `mast(tree), pillar, stalk etc.', Slav., e.g. Russ. stébelь `stalk' etc. -- Further forms w. rich lit. in WP 2, 646ff., Pok. 1015f., W.-Hofmann s. stīpō, stips, stipula, Fraenkel and Vasmer s. vv. (Not hereVgl. στῖφος, στιφρός.)Page in Frisk: 2,781-782Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στείβω
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125 στεργάνος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: κόπρων H. (in alphabet. incorrect position).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: After general assumption to Lat. stercus n. `excrements' etc., s. W.-Hofmann s. v. w. lit., also Benveniste Origines 9. On the accent Persson Beitr. 1, 456 w. n. 1 and (with improbable hypothesis on the stammformation) Schwyzer 520 β. Cf. τάργανον. -- The word has no etym.Page in Frisk: 2,790Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στεργάνος
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126 στῆθος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `male or female breast', also as seat of feelings etc. "heart" (Il.), metaph. `ball of the hand, foot' (medic.), `sandbank' (Plb. a.o.).Other forms: Often pl. - εα, -η.Compounds: Rare compp., e.g. στηθό-δεσμος, - ίς, - ία, -η `breast-band' (Poll., LXX, hell. pap. a.o.), μεγαλό-, μικρό-στηθος `with wide resp. narrow chest' (Mnesith. ap. Orib.; only sup.).Derivatives: 1. Dimin. στηθ-ίον (Alex., Arist. a.o.), - ίδιον (Phryn.), - ύνιον (middl. com., LXX; cf. χελύνιον `lip, jawbone etc.'). 2. - αῖον `breastwork' (sch.). 3. also - ίας ὄρνις ποιός H.? 4. - ικός (Arist.), - ιαῖος (inscr. IVp, sch.) `belonging to the breast'. 5. - ιστήρ m. `breast-plate of a horse's harness' (gloss.; cf. βραχιονιστήρ a.o.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: As στῆθος is also Dor. and Aeol. (στᾱ̃θος [Sicyon] with ᾱ from η; Thumb-Kieckers Hb. 1, 129), the connection with στῆ-ναι (Curtius 211; cf. Chantraine Form. 421, also Benveniste Origines 200) must be given up. Origin unclear. The similarity with στήνιον στῆθος H. (to Arm. stin, Skt. stána m. `female breast' a.o.) is hardly accidental. Suppositions on it in WP. 2, 663 and Pok. 990 (for *τῆθος from *θῆ-θος to θῆσθαι with στ- after στήνιον?); by Risch 73 ( στήνιον: στῆθος approx. like Lat. plēnus : πλῆθος).Page in Frisk: 2,795Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στῆθος
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127 στῦλος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `column, pillar, support' (Dor. Ion., trag., hell. a. late), also = Lat. stilus (late; cf. Sempoux Rev. belge de phil. 39, 736ff.).Compounds: Compp., e.g. στυλο-βάτης, Dor. -τᾱς m. `foot of a doric column', compound of στῦλος and βῆ-ναι with τᾱ-suffix (Dor. inscr., Pl. Com. a.o.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 34 a. 200f.), τετρά-στυλος `consisting of four columns', - ον n. `colonnade of four columns' (inscr. a. pap. Rom. empire a.o.).Derivatives: 1. Dimin.: στυλ-ίς f. (Att. inscr. a.o.), - ίσκος m. (Hp., hell. a. late), - ίδιον n. (Str.), - άριον n. (pap. IIIp). 2. - ίτης m. `standing on one column, stylite' (Suid.; Redard 27), f. - ίτισσα (Amasia; after Φοίνισσα, βασίλισσα a.o.). 3. Denom. verbs: - όω (also ὑπο-, δια-, ἀπο-) `to support with columns' (hell. a. late) with ( ὑπο-)στύλ-ωμα, - ωσις (hell. a. late); - ίζω meaning uncertain (Ostr.) with ὑποστυλ-ισμός `support' (pap. IIp).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Beside στῦ-λος stands in Indoiran. Av. stū̆-na- m., stu-nā f., Skt. sthū-ṇā f. (on ṇ Mayrhofer Mél. d'indianisme [Paris 1968] 509 f.) `pillar' with suffixal l-n-variation (Benveniste Origines 43); the basic verb is in Greek represented by στύω (s. v.). Here also with diff. ablaut σταυρός and στοά (s. vv.). Cf. further στύπος. -- The length of the vowel is rather difficult with the proposed etymology; I rather suspect that the word is of Pre-Greek originPage in Frisk: 2,813Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στῦλος
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128 σφεδανός
Grammatical information: adj.Derivatives: Besides σφοδρός, adv. - ρα, - ρῶς `id.' (μ 124) with σφοδρ-ότης f. `violence, vehemence' (Pl., X. a.o.), - ύνομαι, - ύνω, also w. ἐπι-, `to become, make violent, vehement' (A. Pr. 1011, Ph., Plu. a.o.; after the opposite πραΰνομαι a.o., s. Fraenkel Denom. 37), - όομαι `id.' (Ph. v. l., Gal.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: With σφεδανός cf. ἐδανός, στεγανός, σκεπανός, ἰδανός a.o. (Chantraine Form. 196 f., Schwyzer 489f.); so it can be a primary formation. On the other hand σφοδρός is prob. to be judged like οἰκτρός, φοβερός a.o.; together with σφεδανός it can go back on an r: n-stem (Benveniste Origines 20) [improbable]. Possible Greek cognates are σφαδάζω and σφενδόνη; s.v. with further combinations. -- On σφόδρα also Aly Glotta 15, 97 ff. and Thesleff Intensification 92 ff.Page in Frisk: 2,829Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σφεδανός
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