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  • 61 see

    I [si:] n церк.
    1. епархия
    2. престол
    3. чин епископа
    4. папство

    ♢ the Holy See, the See of Rome - папский престол

    II [si:] v (saw; seen)
    I
    1. видеть

    to see well [poorly] - видеть хорошо [плохо]

    cats see well at night - кошки хорошо видят ночью /в темноте/

    he can't see - он не видит, он слепой

    I looked but saw nothing - я посмотрел, но ничего не увидел

    2. 1) смотреть, видеть

    to see a play [a film] - смотреть пьесу [фильм]

    I saw an interesting story the other day - на днях мне попался на глаза интересный рассказ

    have you seen today's paper? - вы видели сегодняшнюю газету?

    did you see about her death in the paper? - вы читали извещение о её смерти в газетах?

    let me see that letter - покажите мне это письмо, разрешите взглянуть на это письмо

    to see smth. with one's own eyes - видеть что-л. собственными глазами

    all this took place in the street, where all could see - всё это произошло на улице на глазах у всех

    he is not fit to be seen - он в таком виде, что не может показаться на людях

    what sort of man is he to see? - какой он на вид?

    see, here he comes! - смотри /видишь/, вот он идёт!

    2) справляться, смотреть
    3. представлять себе

    to see things wrong - неправильно судить о чём-л.

    as I see it - как мне это представляется /кажется/

    4. находить, обнаруживать

    I can see no faults in him - я не вижу /не нахожу/ в нём никаких недостатков

    I see no alternative /no way out/ - я не вижу иного пути /выхода/

    I don't know what you can see in her - я не знаю, что вы в ней находите

    5. понимать, сознавать

    to see a joke [the meaning, a point in discussion] - понимать шутку [смысл, суть спора]

    he can't see a joke - он не понимает шуток, у него нет чувства юмора

    I see what you mean - я понимаю, что ты имеешь в виду /что ты хочешь сказать/

    I see what you are driving at - я понимаю, к чему вы клоните

    now do you see? - теперь вам понятно?

    I see! - понимаю!, ясно!

    see? - разг. понятно?

    that is easy to see - это легко /нетрудно/ понять

    don't /can't/ you see I'm tired? - ты не понимаешь, что я устал?

    it's like this, you see - видите ли, дело обстоит так

    I see that you have changed your mind - я вижу, что вы передумали

    see what you've done! - посмотри, что ты наделал!

    see what courage can do! - вот что значит мужество!

    to see for oneself - убедиться (в чём-л.) самому

    go and see for yourself if you don't believe me - если вы мне не верите, пойдите убедитесь сами

    I can't see the good of it! - к чему это?

    not to see the use [the good, the advantage] of doing smth. - сомневаться в целесообразности [в пользе, в преимуществе] чего-л.

    I don't see the use of crying - бесполезно плакать; напрасно (вы) плачете

    6. испытывать, переживать (что-л.); сталкиваться (с чем-л.)

    he has seen a good deal in his (long) life - он немало повидал /испытал/ на своём веку

    I have seen war at close quarters - я на себе испытал, что такое война

    to have seen better days - а) знавать лучшие времена; обеднеть; б) поизноситься, поистрепаться, потерять свежесть ( о вещи)

    the nineteenth century saw the rise of our literature - девятнадцатый век был свидетелем расцвета нашей литературы

    7. видеться, встречаться

    I haven't seen you for /in/ ages - я вас не видел целую вечность

    when shall I see you again? - когда мы опять встретимся?

    see you on Thursday! - до четверга!

    I shall see you again soon, амер. I'll be seeing you - до скорой встречи

    8. узнавать; выяснять

    see who it is - посмотри /узнай/, кто это

    see if the postman has come - посмотрите /узнайте/, не пришёл ли почтальон

    I don't know but I'll see - я не знаю, но я пойду и выясню

    see if you can get an evening paper - пойди узнай, нельзя ли достать вечернюю газету

    I see in the papers that... - из газет я узнал /в газетах пишут/, что...

    9. обдумывать

    I'll see what can be done - я подумаю /посмотрю/, что можно сделать

    see what you can do - подумайте, что можно сделать

    will you come to dinner tomorrow? - Well, I'll see - вы придёте завтра обедать? - Я подумаю /Может быть, там видно будет/

    well, we'll see - посмотрим, подумаем, там видно будет

    that remains to be seen, we shall see - (это) ещё неизвестно, время покажет

    let me see - постойте, подождите, дайте подумать

    let me see, what was I saying? - подождите /постойте/, о чём это я говорил?

    now, then, let's see - ну (ладно), теперь посмотрим

    10. осматривать, освидетельствовать (тж. see over)

    to see a flat before taking it - осмотреть квартиру прежде, чем переехать в неё

    to have smb. see one's work - попросить кого-л. посмотреть работу

    I want you to see my new coat - я хочу, чтобы вы посмотрели моё новое пальто

    the doctor ought to see him at once - доктор должен сейчас же его осмотреть

    11. редк. допускать, разрешать

    you cannot see your sister starve without trying to help her - вы ведь не допустите, чтобы ваша сестра голодала, и попытаетесь помочь ей

    12. карт. принимать вызов
    II А
    1. осматривать ( достопримечательности)

    to see the sights [the town] - осматривать достопримечательности [достопримечательности города]

    Americans manage to see Oxford in a few hours - американцы ухитряются осмотреть Оксфорд за несколько часов

    2. 1) обращаться (за советом, консультацией и т. п.)

    to see a doctor [a lawyer] - обращаться (за советом) к врачу [к юристу]

    you ought to see a doctor immediately - вам бы следовало немедленно обратиться к /показаться/ врачу

    I must see a lawyer about filing my suit - мне нужно посоветоваться с юристом о передаче дела в суд

    I wanted to see you on business - я хотел поговорить /посоветоваться/ с вами по делу

    2) принимать, быть на приёме (по делу и т. п.)

    to refuse to see smb. - отказаться принять кого-л.

    3. амер. предоставлять ( слово)

    I see Mr. Brown - слово предоставляется господину Брауну

    II Б
    1. to see about smth. позаботиться, подумать о чём-л.; проследить, присмотреть за чем-л.

    to see about a house [dinner] - позаботиться о жилье [об обеде]

    I must see about a new curtain for this room - мне нужно подумать о новой шторе для этой комнаты

    who will see about the tickets? - кто позаботится о билетах?

    I'll see about it - а) я этим займусь, это я беру на себя; б) я подумаю /посмотрю/

    2. to see to smth., smb. следить, присматривать за чем-л., кем-л., заботиться о чём-л., ком-л.

    to see to the house - следить за домом, вести домашнее хозяйство

    I'll see to the tickets - а) я займусь билетами; б) я возьму на себя расходы, я оплачу билеты

    I shall see to it - я этим займусь, я это беру на себя

    next morning he came in to see to Martha - на следующее утро он зашёл, чтобы присмотреть за Мартой

    3. to see after smb., smth.
    1) ухаживать, присматривать за кем-л., чем-л.

    who will see after the house when you are gone? - кто присмотрит за домом, когда вы уедете?

    2) заботиться о ком-л., чём-л.

    to see after one's own [smb.'s] interests - заботиться о своих [о чьих-л.] интересах

    4. to see about doing smth. проследить за тем, чтобы что-л. было сделано

    to see about packing [ordering a car] - позаботиться о том, чтобы вещи были уложены [чтобы заказать машину]

    you must see about getting him a coat - вы должны позаботиться, чтобы у него было пальто

    5. to see smb. to some place провожать, сопровождать кого-л. куда-л.

    to see smb. home [to the door, as far as the station] - провожать кого-л. домой [до двери, до станции]

    to see smb. into a train [on board a ship] - посадить кого-л. на поезд [на пароход]

    6. to see into smth.
    1) изучать что-л.; разбираться в чём-л.

    to see into a matter [an affair] - изучать какой-л. вопрос [какое-л. дело]

    2) всматриваться, проникать взором во что-л.

    to see into smb.'s motives - разгадать чьи-л. замыслы

    7. to see ( to it) that посмотреть, проследить за тем, чтобы что-л. было сделано

    see to it that the things are packed by three o'clock - последи за тем, чтобы всё было уложено к 3 часам

    you must see to it that the children are fed properly - вам следует позаботиться о том, чтобы детей хорошо кормили

    I'll see (to it) that nothing goes wrong [that nothing has been neglected] - я позабочусь, чтобы всё было в порядке [чтобы ничего не забыли]

    see that he comes in time - позаботьтесь, чтобы он пришёл вовремя

    you will see that he has all he needs - вы должны позаботиться, чтобы у него было всё необходимое

    8. to see smth. done сделать что-л., постараться, чтобы что-л. было сделано

    to see smth. rebuilt [changed] - перестроить [изменить] что-л.

    the house that I should like to see rebuilt - дом, который мне хотелось бы перестроить

    9. to go /to come, to call/ and see smb., to go /to come, to call/ to see smb. навещать кого-л., приходить к кому-л.

    go and see him - зайди к нему, навести его

    10. to see across smth. переводить, провожать (через улицу и т. п.)

    ask a grown-up person to see you across the road - попроси кого-нибудь из взрослых перевести тебя через улицу

    ♢

    see here! - амер. послушай(те)!

    wait and see! - увидите!, вы ещё увидите!

    as far as I can see, from what I can see - по моим соображениям, как мне представляется

    to see life /the world/ - а) приобрести жизненный опыт; б) сл. веселиться, кутить

    to see visions - быть ясновидящим /провидцем/

    to see the back of smb. - отделаться от кого-л.; избавиться от чьего-л. присутствия

    to see the last of smth., smb. - покончить с чем-л., с кем-л., отделаться от чего-л., от кого-л.

    I shall be glad to see the last of this job - я буду рад отделаться от этой работы

    I hope we have seen the last of him - надеюсь, что мы от него отделались

    to see through a brick wall - видеть насквозь; ≅ видеть на три аршина в землю

    to see one's way to do /doing/ smth. - видеть возможность сделать что-л.

    can't see my way to get the book - не вижу возможности /не знаю, как/ достать эту книгу

    see you in church - амер. сл. до скорого!, пока!

    (he) saw you coming - ≅ простофиля за версту виден

    to see smb. about his business - прогнать /вышвырнуть/ кого-л., избавиться от кого-л.

    НБАРС > see

  • 62 weave

    I
    1. [wi:v] n
    1) текст. ткацкое переплетение

    basket weave - переплетение «рогожка» /«панама»/

    calico [crêpe, twill, damask, honeycomb] weave - полотняное [креповое, саржевое, камчатное, вафельное] переплетение

    sponge weave - переплетение «эпонж»

    2) разг. упор, выработка ( ткани)
    2. [wi:v] v (wove, редк. weaved [-{wi:v}d]; woven, редк. wove)
    1. ткать
    2. 1) плести; сплетать; вплетать

    to weave ribbons into /through/ one's hair - вплетать ленты в волосы

    2) разг. выдумывать, сочинять

    to weave a story round a person - сочинить целую историю о каком-л. человеке

    3. сплетаться, переплетаться; сливаться, соединяться
    4. извиваться (о дороге и т. п.)
    5. (in, into) вводить, включать, привносить

    he weaved his own ideas into the official statements - он включал собственные идеи в официальные заявления

    6. 1) продвигаться, меняя направление; петлять
    2) плести узор ( в танце)
    7. воен. жарг. уклоняться, ловчить

    ♢ to get weaving (on smth.) - разг. начать упорно работать (над чем-л.)

    II [wi:v] v
    1. качаться; покачиваться, раскачиваться
    2. махать, размахивать; сигнализировать (флагом и т. п.)

    НБАРС > weave

  • 63 near cash

    !
    гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.
    The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
    "
    consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
    " "
    the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
    " "
    strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
    "
    the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.
    The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
    "
    the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
    "
    the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.
    Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.
    Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)
    "
    Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
    "
    Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.
    More information about DEL and AME is set out below.
    In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.
    Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.
    Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.
    There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.
    AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.
    AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.
    AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.
    Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.
    Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.
    Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
    "
    Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
    "
    Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
    "
    Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
    "
    The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.
    The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.
    The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.
    Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.
    The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
    "
    provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
    " "
    enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
    " "
    introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
    "
    not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.
    To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.
    A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
    "
    an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
    " "
    an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
    " "
    to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
    "
    further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.
    The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.
    Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.
    The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.
    Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.
    To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.
    This document was updated on 19 December 2005.
    Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    "
    GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
    "
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.
    ————————————————————————————————————————

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash

  • 64 including his way to and from work (or from his place of work)

    Общая лексика: включая дорогу к мест (Example:...when the insured person discharges his official duty, including his way to and from work (or from his place of work))

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > including his way to and from work (or from his place of work)

  • 65 including his way to and from work

    Общая лексика: (or from his place of work) включая дорогу к мест (Example:...when the insured person discharges his official duty, including his way to and from work (or from his place of work))

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > including his way to and from work

  • 66 power

    1) способность; возможность
    2) власть
    3) полномочие; право; доверенность
    4) сила; энергия; мощность; производительность

    Англо-русский словарь по экономике и финансам > power

  • 67 admission

    The permission granted to a person to enter a State by the public authorities of that State in accordance with its national laws.
    (AN 9)
    Official definition added to AN 9 by Amdt 19 (24/11/2005).
    Разрешение на въезд в государство, выданное лицу полномочными органами данного государства в соответствии с его национальными законами.

    International Civil Aviation Vocabulary (English-Russian) > admission

  • 68 adviser

    adviser; ADV
    A person appointed by a State, on the basis of his or her qualifications, for the purpose of assisting its accredited representative in an investigation.
    (AN 13)
    Official definition modified by Amdt 9 to AN 13 (10/11/1994).
    советник; ADV
    Лицo, нaзнaчeннoe гoсудaрствoм в силу нaличия у нeгo сooтвeтствующeй квaлификaции с цeлью oкaзaния пoмoщи упoлнoмoчeннoму прeдстaвитeлю этoгo гoсудaрствa в рaсслeдoвaнии.

    International Civil Aviation Vocabulary (English-Russian) > adviser

  • 69 ADV

    adviser; ADV
    A person appointed by a State, on the basis of his or her qualifications, for the purpose of assisting its accredited representative in an investigation.
    (AN 13)
    Official definition modified by Amdt 9 to AN 13 (10/11/1994).
    советник; ADV
    Лицo, нaзнaчeннoe гoсудaрствoм в силу нaличия у нeгo сooтвeтствующeй квaлификaции с цeлью oкaзaния пoмoщи упoлнoмoчeннoму прeдстaвитeлю этoгo гoсудaрствa в рaсслeдoвaнии.

    International Civil Aviation Vocabulary (English-Russian) > ADV

  • 70 alerting post

    Any facility intended to serve as an intermediary between a person reporting an emergency and a rescue coordination centre or rescue subcentre.
    (AN 12)
    Official definition modified by Amdt 17 to AN 12 (25/11/2004).
    Любое средство, предназначенное для выполнения роли посредника между лицом, передающим сообщение об аварийной ситуации, и координационным или вспомогательным центром поиска и спасания.

    International Civil Aviation Vocabulary (English-Russian) > alerting post

  • 71 authorized agent

    A person who represents an aircraft operator and who is authorized by or on behalf of such operator to act on formalities connected with the entry and clearance of the operator’s aircraft, crew, passengers, cargo, mail, baggage or stores and includes, where national law permits, a third party authorized to handle cargo on the aircraft.
    (AN 9)
    Official definition modified by: Amdt 18 (28/11/2002) and Amdt 19 (24/11/2005) to AN 9.
    Представляющее эксплуатанта воздушного судна лицо, которое уполномочено непосредственно им или от его имени выступать при выполнении формальностей, связанных с прибытием, отправлением и оформлением воздушного судна данного эксплуатанта, экипажа, пассажиров, грузов, почты, багажа и бортприпасов, и которое включает, когда это допускается национальным законодательством, третью сторону, уполномоченную обрабатывать грузы на воздушном судне.

    International Civil Aviation Vocabulary (English-Russian) > authorized agent

  • 72 background check

    A check of a person’s identity and previous experience, including where legally permissible, any criminal history as part of the assessment of an individual’s suitability to implement a security control and/or for unescorted access to a security restricted area.
    (AN 17)
    Official definition added to AN 17 by Amdt 10 (1/07/2002) and modified by Amdt 11 (2005).
    Проверка личности и послужного списка лица, включая, когда это допускается законодательством, любые случаи привлечения к уголовной ответственности, в рамках оценки возможности осуществления данным лицом контроля в целях безопасности и/или предоставления ему права допуска без сопровождения в охраняемую зону ограниченного доступа.

    International Civil Aviation Vocabulary (English-Russian) > background check

  • 73 commencement of journey

    The point at which the person began his journey, without taking into account any airport at which he stopped in direct transit, either on a through-flight or a connecting flight, if he did not leave the direct transit area of the airport in question.
    (AN 9)
    Official definition added to AN 9 by Amdt 19 (24/11/2005).
    Пункт, в котором лицо начало свою поездку, не считая аэропорта, в котором оно совершило остановку при прямом транзите, следуя либо прямым, либо стыковочным рейсом, если оно не покидало зоны прямого транзита данного аэропорта.

    International Civil Aviation Vocabulary (English-Russian) > commencement of journey

  • 74 crew member

    crew member; aircraft crew member
    A person assigned by an operator to duty on an aircraft during a flight duty period.
    (AN 6/I; AN 6/III; AN 9; AN 18)
    Official definition modified by: Amdt 25 to AN 6/I (02/11/2000), Amdt 7 to AN 6/III (02/11/2000), Amdt 18 to AN 9 (28/11/2002).
    Лицo, нaзнaчeннoe эксплуaтaнтoм для выпoлнeния oпрeдeлённых oбязaннoстeй нa бoрту вoздушнoгo суднa в тeчeниe служебного пoлётнoгo врeмeни.

    International Civil Aviation Vocabulary (English-Russian) > crew member

  • 75 aircraft crew member

    crew member; aircraft crew member
    A person assigned by an operator to duty on an aircraft during a flight duty period.
    (AN 6/I; AN 6/III; AN 9; AN 18)
    Official definition modified by: Amdt 25 to AN 6/I (02/11/2000), Amdt 7 to AN 6/III (02/11/2000), Amdt 18 to AN 9 (28/11/2002).
    Лицo, нaзнaчeннoe эксплуaтaнтoм для выпoлнeния oпрeдeлённых oбязaннoстeй нa бoрту вoздушнoгo суднa в тeчeниe служебного пoлётнoгo врeмeни.

    International Civil Aviation Vocabulary (English-Russian) > aircraft crew member

  • 76 declarant

    Any person who makes a goods declaration or in whose name such a declaration is made.
    (AN 9)
    Official definition added to AN 9 by Amdt 18 (28/11/2002).
    Любое лицо, представляющее грузовую декларацию, или лицо, от имени которого такая декларация представляется.

    International Civil Aviation Vocabulary (English-Russian) > declarant

  • 77 deportee

    A person who had legally been admitted to a State by its authorities or who had entered a State illegally, and who at some later time is formally ordered by the competent authorities to leave that State.
    (AN 9)
    Official definition added to AN 9 by Amdt 19 (24/11/2005).
    Лицо, которое на законном основании было допущено на территорию государства его полномочными органами или которое въехало в государство незаконно и которому спустя некоторое время полномочные органы официально предписывают покинуть данное государство.

    International Civil Aviation Vocabulary (English-Russian) > deportee

  • 78 flight operations officer/flight dispatcher

    flight operations officer/flight dispatcher
    A person designated by the operator to engage in the control and supervision of flight operations, whether licensed or not, suitably qualified in accordance with Annex 1, who supports, briefs, and/or assists the pilot in command in the safe conduct of the flight.
    (AN 6/I; AN 6/III)
    Official definition added to AN 6/I by Amdt 30 (2006), AN 6/III by Amdt 11 (2006).
    сотрудник по обеспечению полётов/диспетчер
    Лицо, назначенное эксплуатантом для осуществления контроля и надзора за производством полётов, независимо от наличия у него свидетельства, которое имеет квалификацию, соответствующую требованиям Приложения 1, и оказывает поддержку, проводит инструктаж и/или помогает командиру воздушного судна в обеспечении безопасного выполнения полёта.

    International Civil Aviation Vocabulary (English-Russian) > flight operations officer/flight dispatcher

  • 79 threat

    Events or errors that occur beyond the influence of an operational person, increase operational complexity and must be managed to maintain the margin of safety.
    Official definition added to An 1 by Amdt 167 (23/11/2006) and modified by Amdt 168 (2007).
    События или ошибки, которые происходят вне сферы компетенции члена эксплуатационного персонала, повышают сложность эксплуатации и которыми необходимо управлять для поддержания допустимого уровня безопасности.

    International Civil Aviation Vocabulary (English-Russian) > threat

  • 80 baseball terms

    •• Правила бейсбола, который называют Great American Pastime, а также цель и секрет привлекательности этой игры для американцев невозможно объяснить человеку, не «пропитавшемуся» ею с детства. Говорят, что бейсбол имеет сходство с русской лаптой, ныне забытой. The sport itself is such a thicket of technicality that no one has ever devised a satisfactory one-sentence definition of it without using technical terms (Reader’s Digest). Нас здесь интересует другое – термины и связанные с этой игрой выражения, укоренившиеся в обиходном языке и политической лексике. Некоторые из них отсутствуют даже в весьма полных словарях.

    •• ballpark – бейсбольное поле, стадион;
    •• ballpark figure – ориентировочная цифра, примерное количество;
    •• base – «база», «место» (перевод условный);
    •• to get to first base – достичь первой цели, добиться начального успеха;
    •• the bases are loaded – напряжение близится к пику;
    •• off-base: to catch someone off base – застать кого-либо врасплох;
    •• bat – бита;
    •• to go to bat for someone – помогать кому-либо с энтузиазмом, самоотверженно;
    •• right off the bat – сразу; экспромтом;
    •• batting average – средний показатель, уровень достижений;
    •• bush league = minor league;
    •• hard ball – см. softball;
    •• home run, homer – «полный пробег трех баз» (перевод условный). В переносном смысле употребляется в примерном значении точное попадание, крупный успех. He hit a home run – говорят в ситуациях, когда у нас сказали бы забил гол;
    •• major leagues, the majors – высшие профессиональные лиги (в США их две); to make the majors – быть принятым в команду высшей лиги, достичь в чем-то высшего уровня;
    •• minor leagues, the minors – профессиональные лиги менее высокого уровня (в переносном смысле употребляется с оттенком снисходительности, например, minor league player – человек, не добившийся особых успехов);
    •• out in left field – часто употребляется в переносном смысле. He is out in left field. – Он ничего в этом не понимает, это не его ума дело. His suggestion was out in left field. – Его предложение было неуместным;
    •• softball – облегченный вариант бейсбола (обычно в него играют дети и пожилые люди). Правила почти те же, но мяч мягче и бросают его не резким движением, а снизу по овальной траектории. В переносном смысле: throw a softball – задать нетрудный вопрос, «подыграть». Соответственно, to play hardball означает играть без послаблений, жестко;
    •• strike – самое трудное для несведущих понятие в бейсболе. Означает по существу непопадание, пропущенный отбивающим удар. Соответственно, to strike out означает выбыть из игры, пропустив три удара. В США сейчас активно обсуждается концепция «автоматического наказания» three strikes and you’re out: рецидивист, трижды совершивший какое-либо правонарушение, осуждается «по максимуму», предусмотренному за это преступление, без права на условно-досрочное освобождение ( parole);
    •• World Series, world champion – в бейсбол играют не только в США, но и в Японии, Канаде, на Кубе, в некоторых других странах. Однако никаких «чемпионатов мира» не проводится, даже международные встречи – большая редкость. Поэтому к тому факту, что серия игр между чемпионами двух высших профессиональных лиг США в конце бейсбольного сезона называется World Series, а ее победитель – world champions, можно относиться с долей иронии (или резко критически – это уже зависит от вашего общего отношения к Америке и американцам).
    •• * Число фразеологизмов, пришедших в американскую речь из бейсбола, гораздо больше, чем подборка, приведенная в «Моем несистематическом словаре». Языковая мода выносит некоторые из них на авансцену, что произошло в последние годы с выражением to step up to the plate, отсутствующим в переводных словарях (не нашел я его и в онлайновых толковых). Я не очень разбираюсь в бейсболе, но подозреваю, что выражение именно оттуда ( plate в бейсболе – base consisting of a rubber slab where the batter stands). Можно предположить, что значение – выйти на исходную, или ударную, позицию. Но чаще всего этот фразеологизм употребляется в переносном значении, характерный пример которого – в следующем призыве к молодежи:
    •• We live in tense, dangerous times since terrorism has struck inside the United States, killing almost 3,000 of our citizens and severely damaging our economy. It’s easy to feel like a helpless victim or to allow senseless panic to take over, but there is something you can and must do. More than ever, our country, in order to rebuild itself, needs you to step up to the plate and be a person of integrity. (Newsday)
    •• Очевидно, что смысл здесь (как и в других случаях) – брать на себя ответственность или просто действовать.
    •• То ли под влиянием этого выражения, то ли самостоятельно, но и глагол to step up очень часто используется в аналогичном значении. В переводных словарях, кстати, среди многих, иногда довольно редких значений (в том числе, например, в БАРСе to step up to the girl – приударить за девушкой), данного значения нет, зато в American Heritage, сводящем все значения к трем, есть два, «на пересечении» которых находится интересующее нас: 2. To come forward: step up and be counted. 3. To improve one’s performance or take on more responsibility, especially at a crucial time.
    •• Вот примеры из газет:
    •• “The plan was to have Iraqis step up to protect and govern their country and leave it to the Americans to help them with reconstruction,” the senior CPA official said. (Washington Post)
    •• Заголовок публицистической статьи в той же газете: The Allies Must Step Up. Содержание статьи не оставляет сомнений, что это призыв к союзникам по НАТО «взять на себя ответственность», т.е. помочь США в Ираке:
    •• Alliance leaders <...> should agree to take over the security training and equipping mission immediately, with a country such as Germany <...> perhaps taking the lead.
    •• Еще один пример употребления глагола to step up в значении to assume responsibility:
    •• Mr. Skelton asked Mr. Wolfowitz whether American forces might be required to remain in Iraq for “a good number of years.” “I think it’s entirely possible,” Mr. Wolfowitz replied. “But what I think is also nearly certain is the more they step up, and they will be doing so more and more each month, the less and less we will have to do.” (New York Times).

    English-Russian nonsystematic dictionary > baseball terms

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  • Official Information Act 1982 — Parliament of New Zealand Long title/ Purpose An Act to make official information more freely available, to provide for proper access by each person to official information relating to that person …   Wikipedia

  • official — of·fi·cial 1 n: one who holds or is invested with an office esp. in government a municipal official official 2 adj 1: of, relating to, or holding an office, position, or trust official duties 2: fully authorized an official policy of t …   Law dictionary

  • Official Monster Raving Loony Party — Leader Alan Howling Laud Hope Founded …   Wikipedia

  • Official text copyright — Official texts, as defined in Article 2(4) of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, are texts of a legislative, administrative and legal nature and the official translations of such texts. The Convention… …   Wikipedia

  • official — official, officious The main meanings of official are ‘in the nature of an office’ (Their official duties) and ‘authorized or confirmed by someone in authority’ (The official attendance was over 10,000). By contrast, officious is a judgemental… …   Modern English usage

  • Official bilingualism — refers to the policy adopted by some states of recognizing two languages as official and producing all official documents, and handling all correspondence and official dealings, including Court procedure, in the two said languages. It is destinct …   Wikipedia

  • Official Secrets — Episode no. Series 2 Episode 2 Written by Antony Jay Jonathan Lynn Produced by Sydney Lotterby …   Wikipedia

  • official — [adj] authorized, legitimate accredited, approved, authentic, authenticated, authoritative, bona fide, canonical, cathedral, ceremonious, certified, cleared, conclusive, correct, customary, decided, decisive, definite, endorsed, established, ex… …   New thesaurus

  • person — ► NOUN (pl. people or persons) 1) a human being regarded as an individual. 2) an individual s body: concealed on his person. 3) Grammar a category used in the classification of pronouns, verb forms, etc. according to whether they indicate the… …   English terms dictionary

  • official — [ə fish′əl, ōfish′əl] adj. [OFr < LL officialis] 1. of or holding an office, or position of authority 2. by, from, or with the proper authority; authorized or authoritative [an official request] 3. in a formal or ceremonious manner, often… …   English World dictionary

  • Person Gobelinus —     Person Gobelinus     † Catholic Encyclopedia ► Person Gobelinus     (Persona.)     Born in 1358; died 17 November, 1421. He was a Westphalian and was known as an historian and an ardent reformer of monastic life in his native land. He… …   Catholic encyclopedia

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