of+darkness...

-ας ἡ N 1 0-0-2-1-1=4 Is 59,9; Zph 1,15; Ps 118(119),147; 1 Ezr 1,14

night 1 Ezr 1,14; midnight Ps 118 (119),147; darkness (metaph.) Is 59,9

ἡμέρα ἀωρίας day of darkness Zph 1,15; ἐν ἀωρίᾳ in distress, in perplexity Is 59,9 Cf. HARL 1999 337(Zph 1,15)

V 0-0-2-4-0=6 Ez 31,15; Mi 6,14; Ps 104(105),28; Eccl 12,3; Lam 4,8

to become dark, to remain in darkness Eccl 12,3; to grow dark, to become dark, to sadden Ez 31,15; to become black Lam 4,8

*Mi 6,14 καὶ σκοτάσει and there shall be darkness-ךשׁויח ךשׁח (verb) for MT חךשׁוי חשׁי (subst.) your emptiness

neol. (→συ-,,)

-ή,-όν ⁺ A 1-1-4-9-0=15 Gn 15,12; 2 Kgs 5,24; Is 45,3.19; 48,16

dark Jb 15,23; gloomy Gn 15,12; dark, obscure (of speech) Prv 1,6; secret Dn^LXX 2,22

θησαυροὺς σκοτεινούς treasures that lie in

*2 Kgs 5,24 εἰς τὸ σκοτεινόν to the dark-ness, to a secret place-האפל אל for MT העפל אל to the hill

→NIDNTT; TWNT

-ή,-όν A 1-0-0-0-0=1 Ex 10,21

that can be felt; ψηλαφητὸν σκότος profound darkness, dense darkness

Cf. LE BOULLUEC 1989, 139

ζόφος, ὁ,

A nether darkness,

ἱεμένων Ἔρεβόσδε ὑπὸ ζόφον Od.20.356

, cf. 11.155, Il.21.56, Ep.Jud.6; Ἀΐδης δ' ἔλαχε ζόφον ἠερόεντα obtained the realms of gloom for his share, Il.15.191, cf.Od.11.57, h.Cer. 402, 446, etc.;

γῆς ὑπὸ ζόφον A.Pers. 839

.

2 generally, gloom, darkness, Hes.Sc. 227, Plb.18.20.7, Arist.Mu. 400a8, Ep.Hebr.12.18, Plu.Alc.28, Luc.DMort.15.2; χειμέριος ζ. the gloom of winter, Pi.I. 4(3).18: metaph., τῆς ψυχῆς.. ζ. Plu.2.48c.

II the dark quarter, i.e. the West,

ἤδη γὰρ φάος οἴχεθ' ὑπὸ ζόφον Od.3.335

;

οὐ γὰρ ἴδμεν ὅπῃ ζ. οὐδ' ὅπῃ ἠώς 10.190

; ποτὶ ζόφον, opp. πρὸς ἠῶ τ' ἠέλιόν τε, Il.12.240, Od.13.241, 9.26 ( the North acc. to Str.10.2.12); Γαδείρων τὸ πρὸς ζόφον to the west of.., Pi.N.4.69.—Poet. and later Prose. (Prob. cogn. with ζέφυρος.)

κνέφᾰς, τό, [dialect] Att. gen.

A

κνέφους Ar.Ec. 290

, Com.Adesp.35, later

κνέφατος Plb.8.26.10

; dat.

κνέφᾳ X.HG7.1.15

,

κνέφεϊ AP7.633

(Crin.), as if from [full] κνέφος, cited by Hsch., Suid., Phot.: (cf. δνόφος):— darkness, Hom. (only in nom. and acc.), of the evening dusk, twilight,

εἰς ὅ κε.. δύῃ τ' ἠέλιος καὶ ἐπὶ κ. ἱερὸν ἔλθῃ Il.11.194

, 209: later, generally, darkness,

δυσάλιον κ. A.Eu. 396

(lyr.);

νυκτός Id.Pers. 357

, cf. E.Ba. 510, etc.;

τὸ κατὰ γᾶς κ. Id.Hipp. 836

(lyr.): metaph.,

τοῖον ἐπὶ κ. ἀνδρὶ μύσος πεπόταται A.Eu. 378

(lyr.).

2 morning twilight,

πρῲ πάνυ τοῦ κνέφους Ar.Ec. 290

; ἅμα κνέφᾳ at dawn, X.l.c., Cyr.4.2.15.

χάος [pron. full] [ᾰ], εος, [dialect] Att. ους, τό,

A chaos, the first state of the universe,

πρώτιστα χ. γένετ', αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα Γαῖ' εὐρύστερνος κτλ. Hes.Th. 116

, cf. Ibyc.28, Epich.170.3, Acus.Fr.5J., Arist.Metaph. 1091b6, Ar.Av. 693 (anap.);

χάους.. παῖς καλεῦμαι Simm. Alae7

; represented sts. as infinite space, S.E.P.3.121, cf. Plot.6.8.11; sts. as unformed matter, Luc.Am.32 (esp., acc. to the Stoics, water, Zeno Stoic.1.29 (with deriv. fr. χέω)).

2 space, the expanse of air,

ἄτρυτον χ. B.5.27

, cf. Ar.Nu. 424 (anap.), 627, Av. 1218.

b τὸ χ. τοῦ ἐφ' ἑκάτερα ἀπείρου αἰῶνος, of infinite time, M.Ant.4.3.

3 the nether abyss, infinite darkness, joined with Ἔρεβος, Pl.Ax. 371e; with ὄρφνη, Q.S. 2.614; represented as in the interior of the globe, Plu.2.953a; χάους κύνα, of Cerberus, APl.4.91.

b generally, darkness, A.R.4.1697.

4 any vast gulf or chasm, LXX Mi.1.6, Za.14.4; of a pit, Opp.C.4.92; of the gaping jaws of the crocodile, ib.3.414, cf. 4.161, H.5.52.

5 Pythag. name for one, Theol.Ar.6.

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `mist; darkness' (Il.).

Other forms: Later -ῠς.

Derivatives: ἀχλύω `become or make dark' (Od.). - ἀχλυδιᾶν θρύπτεσθαι H. after the verbs for diseases in - ιᾶν (Schwyzer 732), perh. contamination with χλιδᾶν ( χλιδιᾶν).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] * h₂eghlu-s `mist'

Etymology: Seems identical with OPr. aglo n. (u-stem). Arm. aɫǰ-a-m-uɫǰ-k` (pl.) `darkness' requires metathesis of gh-l, and palatalization of gh to ǰ ; the reduplication is typical Armenian.

Page in Frisk: 1,201-202

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `the dark of the underworld' (Il.).

Derivatives: ἐρεβεννός, Aeol. \< *ἐρεβεσ-νός prop. `belonging to the ἔρεβος', `dark' (Il., Hes.), more common ἐρεμνός \< *ἐρεβ-νός (cf. Risch 92; s. also on δεινός) `id.' (Il.); ἐρεβώδης `ids.' (late).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [857] * h₁regʷos `darkness (of the underworld)'

Etymology: Old word for `darkness etc.', also in Sankrit, Armenian and Germanic: Skt. rájas- n. `dark (lower) air, dust' (diff. Burrow BSOAS 12, 645ff.; Gonda KZ 73, 163f.), Arm. erek, -oy `evening', Goth. riqiz, OWNo. røkkr n. `dark, dusk'; IE *h₁rég^u̯os- n. - Pok. 857.

Page in Frisk: 1,550

νέφος, ους, τό (Hom.+; ins, LXX; TestJob 42:1; GrBar 10:6; Jos., Bell. 6, 298) cloud as a symbol of darkness (Chariton 3, 9, 11 νέφος ἀνεκάλυψε τῆς ψυχῆς; IAndrosIsis 158; Philo, Mos. 1, 176; Jos., Ant. 16, 376 ν. ἐπάγειν τοῖς πράγμασιν=‘spread darkness over the events’; SibOr 3, 173) ἀποθέμενοι ἐκεῖνο ὸ̔ περικείμεθα ν. we laid aside the cloud that surrounded us 2 Cl 1:6. ν. ἐγένετο a cloud formed Hv 4, 3, 7. Fig. of a compact, numberless throng (Il. 4, 274 al.; Hdt. 8, 109 νέφος τοσοῦτον ἀνθρώπων; Timon [III B.C.] Fgm. 39 [Poet. Philos., 1901 Diels], in Diog. L. 7, 16 throngs of serfs; Diod S 3, 29, 2 hordes of locusts; Ps.-Callisth. 1, 2, 2 νέφος ἐχθρῶν. Further exx. in Bleek on Hb 12:1) host τοσοῦτον ἔχοντες περικείμενον ἡμῖν ν. μαρτύρων since we have so great a host of witnesses about us Hb 12:1 (CRose, Die Wolke der Zeugen ’94).—DELG s.v. νεφέλη I. M-M. TW.

σκοτία, ας, ἡ (cp. prec. and three next entries; Apollon. Rhod. 4, 1698; Anth. 8, 187; 190; Sb 6648, 4; PGM 4, 2472; Job 28:3; Mi 3:6; Is 16:3; TestSol 13:5 D; TestJob 43:6; SibOr 5, 349; Tat. 13, 4)

① state of being devoid of light, darkness, gloom. J 6:17. σκοτίας ἔτι οὔσης while it was still dark 20:1. Perh. 12:35b (s. 2). Metaph. ἐν τῇ σκ. λέγειν (εἰπεῖν) τι say someth. in the dark, i.e. in secret (opp. ἐν τῷ φωτί) Mt 10:27; Lk 12:3 (s. HGrimme, BZ 23, ’35, 258–60).

② darkening of the mind or spirit, darkness, fig. ext. of 1, of ignorance in moral and relig. matters Mt 4:16 v. l. (s. Is 9:1). Esp. in Johannine usage as a category including everything that is at enmity w. God, earthly and demonic J 1:5ab; 8:12; 12:35a; perh. also 35b (s. 1), 46; 1J 1:5; 2:8f, 11abc.—HBakotin, De Notione Lucis et Tenebrarum in Ev. Jo. ’43.—DELG s.v. σκότος A 1. M-M. TW.

φῶς, φωτός, τό (Trag.+ [in Hom. φάος or φόως]; loanw. in rabb.) ‘light’

① light in contrast to darkness, light

ⓐ in the physical realm καθόλου τὸ φῶς μὴ βλέπειν (of Judas) Papias (3:2).—Opp. σκότος, as Job 18:18; En 104:8; PGM 5, 101; 7, 262; 13, 335; Theoph. Ant. 1, 2 (p. 60, 7) 2 Cor 4:6 (cp. Gen 1:3ff); 6:14. Not present at night J 11:10. λευκὸς ὡς τὸ φ. Mt 17:2. νεφέλη φωτός a bright cloud vs. 5 v.l. (TestAbr A 9 p. 87, 12 [Stone p. 22]). Of the light of the sun (φ. ἡλίου: Dio Chrys. 57 [74], 20 fr. Eur., Hippol. 617; Ael. Aristid. 45, 29 K.=8 p. 95 D; ApcZeph; Just., D. 128, 4; τὸ φ. τοῦ ἡλίου Theoph. Ant. 1, 2 [p. 60, 16]) Rv 22:5b; of a wondrous star IEph 19:2ab. Of lamp-light (Jer 25:10; Jos., Ant. 12, 319) Lk 8:16; 11:33 (v.l. φέγγος); J 5:35 (in imagery); Rv 18:23; 22:5a. Light fr. a transcendent source (Ael. Aristid. 49, 46 K.=p. 500, 17 D. ἐγένετο φῶς παρὰ τῆς Ἴσιδος; Marinus, Vi. Procli 23: a halo of light around Proclus’ head moves the beholder to προσκύνησις): an angel Ac 12:7; 2 Cor 11:14 (here ἄγγελος φωτός [cp. 1QS 3:20] is a messenger of the world of light in contrast to Satan); of Paul’s conversion experience Ac 9:3; 22:6 (both w. ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, as X., Cyr. 4, 2, 15; Dio Chrys. 11 [12], 29), 9, 11; 26:13 (οὐρανόθεν); the heavenly city Rv 21:24 (s. also bα below). ἐφάνη φῶς μέγα ἐν τῷ σπηλαίῳ a bright light appeared in the cave GJs 19:2, followed by φῶς ἐκεῖνο ὑπεστέλλετο that light faded out. ἦν τὸ ὄρος ἐκεῖνο διαφαίνων (pap=διαφαῖνον) αὐτῇ φ. that mountain was shining a light for her GJs 22:3.—In imagery: (εἰς φ. ἐλθεῖν=‘become apparent’ Hippol., Ref. 4, 28, 4) ἐν τῷ φωτί in the open, publicly (φ. of ‘the open’ X., Ages. 9, 1.—Opp. ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ) Mt 10:27; Lk 12:3 (Proverbia Aesopi 104 P.: ἅπερ ἐν νυκτὶ καλύπτεται, ταῦτα εἰς φῶς λαληθέντα … ‘what is hidden in the night gets talked about in the light’). Of an evil-doer it is said: μισεῖ τὸ φῶς καὶ οὐκ ἔρχεται πρὸς τὸ φῶς J 3:20 (cp. Eur., Iph. T. 1026 κλεπτῶν γὰρ ἡ νύξ, τῆς δʼ ἀληθείας τὸ φῶς=the night’s for thieves, the light’s for truth; Plut., Mor. 82b, Contra Volupt. in Stob., Anthol. 3, 6, 33 vol. III 299 H.; Philo, De Jos. 68, Spec. Leg. 1, 319–23; TestNapht 2:10).

ⓑ in a transcendent sense

α. the passages in the central portion of 1a above show that light is the element and sphere of the divine (Ael. Aristid. 28, 114 K.=49 p. 528 D.: τοῦ θεοῦ φῶς; SibOr 3, 787 ἀθάνατον φ.; Tat. 13, 2 λόγος … ἐστὶ τὸ τοῦ θεοῦ φ.—Iren. 1, 4, 1 [Harv. I 32, 1]). God is called φῶς οἰκῶν ἀπρόσιτον 1 Ti 6:16 (Plut., Pericl. 173 [39, 2] the gods dwell in τὸν τόπον ἀσάλευτον φωτὶ καθαρωτάτῳ περιλαμπόμενον, Mor. 567f: the divine φωνή proceeds fr. a φῶς μέγα that suddenly shines forth), or it is said that God dwells ἐν τῷ φωτί 1J 1:7b. In fact, God is described as light pure and simple ὁ θεὸς φῶς ἐστιν vs. 5 (Philo, Somn. 1, 75; cp. TestJob 4:1 εἶπεν τὸ φῶς; ParJer 6:12; Ath. 31, 3 πάντα δὲ φῶς αὐτὸν ὄντα.—OSchaefer, StKr 105, ’33, 467–76). Cp. Dg 9:6. Likew. the Divine Redeemer (ParJer 9:14 τὸ φῶς τῶν αἰώνων πάντων) in the Fourth Gospel: J 1:7–9 (FAuer, Wie ist J 1:9 zu verstehen?: ThGl 28, ’36, 397–407); 12:35ab, 36ab (for 1J 2:8 s. β; on divinity as light s. RCharles, The Book of Enoch 1912, 71f; GWetter, Phōs [ΦΩΣ] 1915. S. also MDibelius, Die Vorstellung v. göttl. Licht: Deutsche Literaturzeitung 36, 1915, 1469–83 and MNilsson, GGA 1916, 49ff; FDölger, Die Sonne der Gerechtigkeit 1918, Sol Salutis 1920; WBousset, Kyrios Christos 2, 1921, 173; 174, 2 and 3; HJonas, Gnosis u. spätantiker Geist I ’34; Dodd 133–36; 183–87 al.; EGoodenough, By Light, Light: The Mystic Gospel of Hellenistic Judaism ’35; RBultmann, Z. Gesch. der Lichtsymbolik im Altertum: Philol 97, ’48, 1–36; 1QH 4:6; 18:29; BGU 597, 33 [I A.D.]). Jesus calls himself τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου J 8:12a; 9:5; 12:46; cp. 3:19a (Mel., P. 103, 795; Wetter, ‘Ich bin das Licht der Welt’: Beiträge zur Religionswissenschaft I/2, 1914, 171ff), and is called τὸ φῶς τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1:4 (Ael. Aristid. 45, 33 K.=8 p. 97 D.: Sarapis as κοινὸν ἄπασιν ἀνθρώποις φῶς; hymn to Anubis fr. Kios [IAndrosIsis, p. 139] 7: Isis as φῶς πᾶσι βροτοῖσι). His very being is light and life (ζωή 2aβ; s. JWeisengoff, CBQ 8, ’46, 448–51) 1:4. Cp. also vs. 5; 3:19b, 21; Lk 2:32 (Jesus is a φῶς εἰς ἀποκάλυψιν ἐθνῶν).—FDölger, Lumen Christi: Ac V/1, ’35, 1–43. The martyr καθαρὸν φῶς λαμβάνει receives the pure light of heaven IRo 6:2.

β. light, that illuminates the spirit and soul of humans (OdeSol 11:19 μεταβληθέντες ἀπὸ σκότους εἰς τὸ φῶς; JosAs 15:13 ἀναγαγεῖν με εἰς τὸ φῶς; Mel., P. 68, 491 ῥυσάμενος … ἐκ σκότους εἰς φῶς; Philosoph. Max. 499, 39 σωφροσύνη … ψυχῆς φῶς ἐστιν), is gener. the element in which the redeemed person lives, rich in blessings without and within (En 5:6 σωτηρία, φῶς ἀγαθόν; vs. 8 φ. καὶ χάρις; PsSol 3:12 ἡ ζωὴ αὐτῶν ἐν φωτὶ κυρίου): τότε ῤαγήσεται πρώϊμον τὸ φῶς σου then your light will break out early in the morning B 3:4 (Is 58:8; s. πρόϊμος, end). Of God δεῖξαι αὐτῷ (God’s servant) φῶς 1 Cl 16:12 (Is 53:11); of Messianic salvation, the gospel, etc. (opp. σκοτία, σκότος) Mt 4:16ab; AcPl Ha 8, 32f (Is 9:1ab; cp. Lucian, Nigr. 4 ἔχαιρον ὥσπερ ἐκ ζοφεροῦ ἀέρος ἐς μέγα φῶς ἀναβλέπων ‘I rejoiced, looking up as it were from a gloomy atmosphere into a bright light’); Ac 26:18; Eph 5:13; Col 1:12; 1 Pt 2:9; 1 Cl 36:2; 59:2; 2 Cl 1:4. τὸ φῶς τῆς ζωῆς (cp. 1QS 3:7) J 8:12b. τὸ φῶς τὸ ἀληθινόν (ParJer 9:3 φ. ἀληθινόν; cp. τὸ τῆς ἀληθείας φ. Did., Gen. 87, 23f; Orig., C. Cels. 5, 13, 20; saying of Pythagoreans: WienerStud 8, 1886 p. 280 no. 118 in contrast to σκότος; cp. TestJob 43:6 ὁ τοῦ σκότους καὶ οὐχὶ τοῦ φωτός [of Elihu]) 1J 2:8, cp. J 1:9 (s. α above). φῶς καταγγέλλειν Ac 26:23. To be filled w. Christian truth means ἐν τῷ φωτὶ περιπατεῖν 1J 1:7a, εἶναι 2:9, μένειν vs. 10. Such persons are called υἱοὶ τοῦ φωτός Lk 16:8; J 12:36c (cp. 1QS 1:9 et passim); 1 Th 5:5; τέκνα φωτός Eph 5:8b (ESelwyn, 1 Pt ’46, 375–82; KKuhn, NTS 7, ’61, 339: 1QS 3:20; 5:9, 10); τέκνα φωτὸς ἀληθείας IPhld 2:1 (Porphyr., Ep. ad Marcellam 20 φῶς τοῦ θεοῦ τῆς ἀληθείας; Simplicius p. 88, 3; 138, 30 Düb. τὸ τῆς ἀληθείας φῶς). They put on τὰ ὅπλα τοῦ φωτός Ro 13:12, travel the ὁδὸς τοῦ φωτός B 18:1; 19:1, 12, and produce the καρπὸς τοῦ φωτός Eph 5:9. The rdg. τ̣ο̣ [φω]ς Ox 1081, 29 is better restored after the Coptic SJCh as τέλος (q.v. 1).

γ. bearers or bringers of this kind of light (φῶς of persons: Od. 16, 23; Anacr. 51 Diehl [32 Page; 124 Bergk] φάος Ἑλλήνων; Pind., I. 2, 17; Trag.; Biogr. p. 453 Hippocr. as ἀστήρ and φῶς of the healing art; TestJob 53:3 Job as φῶς τῶν τυφλῶν; SIG 1238, 2 [c. 160 A.D.] Φήγιλλα, τὸ φῶς τῆς οἰκίας) Is 49:6 φῶς ἐθνῶν is referred to Paul and Barnabas Ac 13:47, and to Christ B 14:8 (as Just., D. 65, 7); cp. 14:7 (Is 42:6) and cp. bα above. The Ἰουδαῖος considers himself a φῶς τῶν ἐν σκότει Ro 2:19. Jesus’ disciples are τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου Mt 5:14; cp. vs. 16.—On Is 49:6 s. HOrlinsky, The 75th Anniv. Vol. of the JQR ’67, 409–28.

δ. by metonymy, one who is illuminated or filled w. such light, or who stands in it Eph 5:8a (s. 1bβ above).—On the dualism of light and darkness, etc., s. Hebr. texts in the Dead Sea scrolls: KKuhn, ZTK 47, ’50, 192–211; WBrownlee, Excerpts fr. theTransl. of the Dead Sea Manual of Discipline: BASOR no. 121, ’51, 8–13; HPreisker, TLZ 77, ’52, 673–78; CHowie, The Cosmic Struggle: Int 8, ’54, 206–17.

② that which gives/bears light, torch, lamp, lantern, etc. (X., Hell. 5, 1, 8 φῶς ἔχειν; Musaeus vs. 224 of a λύχνος. Pl.: Plut., Ant. 927 [26, 6], Pelop. 284 [12, 3] al.; Lucian, Philops. 31) Ac 16:29. Fire, which furnishes both light and heat (X., Hell. 6, 2, 29; Cyr. 7, 5, 27; 1 Macc 12:29) Mk 14:54 (GBuchanan, ET 68, ’56, 27); Lk 22:56. Heavenly bodies (Manetho, Apotel. 6, 146 sun and moon δύο φῶτα; likew. Dio Chrys. 23 [40], 38; Ptolem., Apotel. 2, 13, 8; 3, 3, 3; 3, 5, 3 al. τὰ φ=constellations; Vett. Val. index II p. 384; PGM 13, 400; Ps 135:7; Jer 4:23): God is πατὴρ τῶν φώτων Js 1:17 (TestAbr B 7 p. 111, 11 [Stone p. 70] φῶς καλούμενον πατὴρ τοῦ φωτός; cp. ApcMos 36; 38); the sun as τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου τούτου J 11:9 (Macrobius, Saturnal. 1, 23, 21 ἥλιε παντοκράτορ, … κόσμου φῶς; cp. Ps.-Demosth. 60, 24). Of the eye as an organ of light (Eur., Cycl. 633 φῶς Κύκλωπος; Ath. 32, 2) Mt 6:23; Lk 11:35.

③ that which is illuminated by light: πᾶν τὸ φανερούμενον φῶς ἐστιν everything that becomes visible is (= stands in the) light Eph 5:14.—CMugler, Dictionnaire historique de la terminologie optique des Grecs ’64.—B. 60. Cp. φέγγος; s. Schmidt, Syn. I 563–98. DELG s.v. φάε. Frisk s.v. φάος. New Docs 1, 98f. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

ἐκπηδάω 1 aor. ἐξεπήδησα; pf. inf. ἐκπεπηδηκέναι Sus 39 Theod. (Soph., Hdt. et al.; pap, LXX, JosAs)

① to move forward with haste, rush (lit. ‘leap’) out (so Menand., Peric. 527 S. [277 Kö.]; UPZ 170b, 28 [127/126 B.C.]) εἰς τὸν ὄχλον into the crowd Ac 14:14 (cp. Jdth 14:17 ἐξεπήδησεν εἰς τ. λαόν; Jos., Ant. 6, 191).

② to make a quick movement from a position, get up quickly (X., Cyr. 1, 4, 8; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 36 §142; Polyaenus 8, 2; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 1 II, 13 [c. 246 B.C.]; Jos., Ant. 8, 273) Ac 10:25 D.

③ spend time in, live λάβετε τὸ φῶ[ς οἱ ἐ]ν̣ σκοτίᾳ θαν[άτου ἐκ]|πεπηδημένοι you who move around (?) in fatal darkness take the light AcPl BMM verso 4f/AcPl Ha 8, 32f (in the latter Schmidt proposed [καθήμ]ε̣ν̣ο̣ι̣, but s. Sander’s note in HTR 3, ’38, 86f on the two rdgs., with his rendering, ‘those who are living [sinfully] in the darkness of death’, and his ref. to fig. usage in PGrenf I, 53, 24, where, he observes, two women are represented as ‘living in harlotry’ or ‘in sin’; s. Borger, GGA 134 on the problem relating to addition of ἐκ).—S. πεδάω, πηδάω.—M-M.

ὀψέ adv. (Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; En, TestSol, TestAbr A 6 p. 83, 19 and 22 [Stone p. 14]; SibOr 5, 51; Philo, Joseph.; Just., D. 52, 4).

① pert. to an advanced point of time in the day (usually between sunset and darkness), late w. gen. ὀψὲ τῆς ὥρας at a late hour (Demosth. 21, 84; Chariton 1, 14, 5; UPZ 6, 15 [163 B.C.]; Jos., Ant. 16, 218) MPol 7:1.

② pert. specif. to the period between late afternoon and darkness, late in the day, evening i.e. in the evening Mk 13:35. ὀψὲ οὔσης τῆς ὥρας (s. B-D-F §129) 11:11 v.l. (for ὀψίας). As a predicate (B-D-F §434, 1; also s. Rob. 973) ὅταν ὀψὲ ἐγένετο when it became evening, when evening came 11:19.—Used almost like an indecl. subst. (Thu. 3, 108, 3 al. ἐς ὀψέ) μέχρις ὀψέ until evening Hs 9, 11, 1; also ἕως ὀψέ (PLond III, 1177, 66 p. 183 [113 A.D.]) 9, 11, 2.—TMartin, BR 38, ’93, 55–69.

③ marker of a point of time subsequent to another point of time, after, w. special ref. to lateness, funct. as a prep. w. gen. ὀψὲ σαββάτων after the Sabbath Mt 28:1 (Aelian, VH 2, 23; Polyaenus 5, 2, 5 ὀψὲ τῆς ὥρας=later than the hour [decided upon]; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 4, 18, 138, 8 ὀψὲ μυστηρίων; 6, 10, 213, 24 ὀψὲ τούτων, Her 12, 190, 10 ὀψὲ τῆς μάχης.—B-D-F §164, 4; Rob. 645f; ETobac, RHE 20, 1924, 239–43; JMaiworm, ThGl 27, ’35, 210–16; Goodsp., Probs. 43–45; JGrintz, JBL 79, ’60, 32–47).—B. 961. DELG. M-M.

ἀμαυρόβιος

living in darkness: masc /fem nom /voc pl

ἀμαυρόβιος

living in darkness: masc /fem nom /voc pl

ἀμφικνεφής

wrapped in darkness: masc /fem nom sg

ἀμφικνεφής

wrapped in darkness: masc /fem nom sg

ἀπαμαυρόω

remove darkness: pres inf mp

ἀπαμαυρόω

remove darkness: pres inf mp