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  • 81 rann-saka

    að, [Swed. ransaka; Dan. ransage; Engl. ransack; a word which must be of Dan. origin, for it does not occur in A. S.; moreover, the A. S. form of the first part of the compd is ræsn, and the assimilation of zn or sn into nn is peculiar to the Scandin. language]:—to ransack, prop. to ‘search a house;’ ef hann vill fleiri bólstaði r. en einn, þeir lagsmenn skolu ganga at garði þar er þeir vilja r., Grág. ii. 193; ef þeir bera f. la inn á hendr mönnmn er r. skolu, 195, Stj. 181, Rd. 285; Birkibeinar höfðu eigi rannsakat bæinn, Fms. viii. 191; en þá er allar vánir vóru rannsakaðar fannsk sveinninn eigi. v. 216; hann rannsakaði með sundi djúpit, x. 370; ok var rannsakat liðit ( mustered) ok hafði hann eigi meirr en tvau hundruð, ix. 367; síðan rannsakaði hann rúmit er hón hafði hvílt í, Eg. 566; skulu vér rannsaka alla eyna, Eg. 218; r. Guðs boðorð, 677. 6; r ritningar, Al. 6.
    II. reflex., menn skoln láta rannsakask áðr gangi inn, at eigi beri þeir fóla á hendr mönnum, enda svá þeir er út ganga, Grág. ii. 195.

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  • 82 réttar-bót

    f. an amendment of the law, a ‘novel’ in law, esp. a Norse law term used in the Icel. law after the introduction of a code of laws, when from time to time new amendments ( novellae) were issued by the king; these were written as an appendix to the law code (and since then printed), and were, for the sake of distinction, called réttarbót, see Jb. 445 sqq, N. G. L. i. 257, 258: en er þetta spurðisk í annat fylki ok þriðja, hver réttarbót Þrændum var gefin, Gísl. 84, Bs. ii. 18; hann hét þeim sinni vináttu ok réttarbót, Ó. H. 35; else the word does not occur in the old Icel. law.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > réttar-bót

  • 83 RÍSTA

    * * *
    I)
    (-sta, -str), v. to cut, = rísta.
    f. scratch, slash.
    * * *
    pres. ríst; pret. reist, reist, reist, pl. ristu; part, ristinn; in mod. usage weak, pres. risti, Skíða R. 27; pret. risti, ristir, risti; part, ristr, which forms freq. occur on the Swed. Runic stones, e. g. rúnar þær er Bali risti, Baut. passim: [Dan. riste]:—to cut, slash; tak ál kvikan ok ríst hann, Pr. 471; hón reist á mér kviðinn, Ld. 214; ok reist rifin öll ofan allt á lendar, Hkr. i. 108; þá reist hann frá höfuðsmátt brynjuna í gögnum niðr, Sæm. 139, Skv. 1. 15; torfa var ristin ór velli, Ld. 58; kesjan reist ór skildinum, Eg. 378; Þormóðr reist í sundr línbrók sína, Fbr. 60; Trausti reist af skyrtu sinni, Vígl. 68 new Ed.; ristu þeir sundr í strengi feldi sína, Ó. H. 152; þeir létu rísta árar á útborða, Fms. viii. 417; þat skyldi engan krók rísta, make no circuit, Ld. 96; Maríu-súðin (the ship) reist langan krók, cut a great curve, Fms. viii. 222.
    II. to carve; Rafn lá í bekk ok reist spán, þvíat hann var hagr ( carving spoons), Sturl. i. 140; ek hefi ristið ( I have carved her image) á hepti mínu, Landn. 248 (in a verse); ristin röng, the carved ribs in a ship, Fms. vi. (in a verse); ríkula ristin rít, the richly-carved shield, vii. (in a verse).
    2. to slice; rísta tvá reitu, Grág. i. 65; hann setr sporann við eyra Gunnari ok rístr mikla ristu, Nj. 82; r. sjá kili, Ht. 101; r. báru hlýri, Mork. 228 (in a verse).
    3. to carve, scratch, of characters, Hm. 143, 144, Sdm. 6, 9–11, 15, 18; þurs ríst ek þér ok þrjá stafi … svá ek þat af ríst sem ek þat á reist, Skm. 36; r. rúnar, staf, rístum rún á horni, Eg. (in a verse); skal-at maðr rúnar rísta … tíu launstafi ristna, … Egill reist rúnar ok lagði undir hægindit, Eg. 566; Egill brá þá knífi sínum ok stakk í lófa sér, hann tók við horninu ok reist á rúnar, ok reið á blóðinu, ok kvað, 211; rísta tréníð, Grág.; þvíat allan þeirra kveðskap ok sameign höfðu þau ristið á speldi, Fas. ii. 551; hann reist með fingri sínum krossmark, 645. 69; at þú mættir yrkja erti-kvæði eptir Böðvar, en ek man r. á kefli, Eg. 605, Fb. i. 251; Gísli hafði kefli ok reist á rúnar, ok falla niðr spænirnir, Gísl. 67; tekr Gisli kefli, rístr á rúnar ok kastar inn, 45; mun ek kveða þar um kvæði, en þú skalt r. eptir á kefli, Grett. 144; eptir þat tekr hann at yrkja kvæðit, en þeir r. eptir á speldi, Fas. ii. 558; Íslendingr sá rúnar ristnar á kistunni, Fms. vi. 271; rúnar er ristið hafa Njarðar-dætr níu, Sól.: also passim on the Dan. and Swed. Runic stones.

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  • 84 RÍTA

    (að), v. to write, = ríta.
    * * *
    pres. rít, rítr, rítr; pret. reit, the 2nd pers. does not occur; pl. ritu; subj. riti; imperat. rít; part, ritinn; the earliest writers use the strong conjugation; thus in the treatise of Thorodd, ek rít, 165, l. 26, 166, ll. 22–24, 168, l. 10; rít’k = rít ek, 166, 1. 36; þú rítr, 161, l. 2 from the bottom, 168, l. 19; ek reit, 168, l. 4: part, ritnir, ritin, ritnum,161, 168–168: in the other instances the weak form seems merely due to the transcriber of the Cod. Worm, of the 14th century, and the old forms ought to be restored; thus, pres. ritar, 160, l. 3 from the bottom,165, l. 1; pret. ritaða, ritaðir, 164, l. 31; part, ritað, ll. 3, 32, etc.; intin. rita for ríta, l. 3: Ari also uses the strong form, Íb. 4, Hkr. i. 48: in the pref. to Landn. for ritað read ritið (?); reit, Hkr. iii. 347. In writers of later times, as also in later transcripts of old writers, the weak form (ek rita, ritar, ritar, ritaða, ritað) prevails; thus in the pref. to Ó. H., pres. rita (once), pret. ritaða (five times), ritaði, 248; ritaðar and rituðu, Sturl. i. 107, Fms. x. 371; ritað, Knytl. S. ch. 1, 21, 95, Hungrv, ch. 1; and so on: the part, ritinn remained longest, thus, eptir sögu Þjóðólfs var fyrst ritin æli Ynglinga, Hkr. Frissb. (pref.), Fms. vii. 156, Grág. i. 76, Symb. (fine). The Norse vellums seem to know the weak form only, e. g. ritaði, Sks. 563 B. The root to this word is well known in the Scandin. languages in derived words, as reitr, reita, rít (q. v.), yet the verb itself, at least in the sense ‘to write,’ seems to have been adopted from the A. S., as it nowhere occurs on the Runic stones or in old poets, and always means writing on parchment, rísta being used of writing on stone; the original form is vríta: [A. S. wrítan; Engl. to write; Germ. reissen; O. H. G. rízan = to scratch; Scot. rit or ret; cp. also Ulf. writs = κεραία, Luke xvi. 17.]
    B. Prop. to scratch, cut, sketch, draw an outline; hér eru ritaðir þrír hringar, Rb. 476.
    2. to write, of penmanship, spelling (thus mostly used in Thorodd), as also composition, for illustrations see the references above (A).

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  • 85 RÚN

    f., pl. rúnar: [rún, raun, reyna are all kindred words, and a lost strong verb, rúna, raun, meaning to enquire, may be presumed; the original notion is scrutiny, mystery, secret conversation; Gotb. runa, by which Ulf. several times renders the Gr. μυστήριον and συμβούλιον (once, Matth. xxvii. 1), βουλή (twice, Luke vii. 30, 1 Cor. iv. 5); A. S. rún = a ‘rowning’ mystery, but also = writing, charter; Hel. rûna = colloquium, and geruni = loquela (Schmeller); cp. Old Engl. to rown, Germ. raunen; Gr. ἐ-ρευνάω is also supposed to be a kindred word (Bugge). In Scandin. writers and poets rún is chiefly used of magical characters, then of writing, whereas the derivative word raun means trial, enquiry, and rúni and rúna = a friend or counsellor.]
    B. A secret, hidden lore, mystery; frá jötna rúnum ok allra goða segðú it sannasta, Vþm. 42, 43; kenna rúnar, to teach wisdom, Rm. 33; dæma um rúnar ok regin-dóma, Hm. 112; minnask á fornar rúnar, Vsp. 59: saws, segja sannar rúnir, to tell true saws, Fas. ii. 302 (in a verse): a ‘rowning’ speech, vifs rúnir, a woman’s whispering, Bm.; heita e-n at rúnum, to consult one, Gh. 12, Skv. 3. 14, 43; hniga at rúnum, Gkv. 3. 4.
    II. a Rune or written character; the earliest Runes were not writing in proper sense, but fanciful signs possessing a magical power; such Runes have, through vulgar superstition, been handed down even to the present time, for a specimen of them see Ísl. Þjóðs. i.435, 436, and Arna-Magn. Nos. 687. 4 to, and 434. 12 mo (Ísl. Þjóðs.pref. ix); the classical passages for these spell-Runes are, Hm. 133 sqq., Sdm. 5 sqq., Skm. 29, 36, Eg. ch. 44, 61, 75, Yngl. S. ch. 7, Grett. ch. 85, N. G. L. iii. 286, 300, Vsp. 59; cp. also the phrase, rísta trénið, Grág., Fs. 56. The phrase in the old Danish Ballads, kaste runer, to throw Rúnes, i. e. chips (see hlaut, hlautviðr), may be compared to the Lat. sortes, Mommsen’s Hist, of Rome, vol. i. p. 187, foot-note (Engl. Ed.), or the Sibylline leaves in the Aeneid.
    2. Runes as writing;the word was first applied to the original Northern alphabet, which at an early time was derived from the common Phœnician, probably through Greek or Roman coins in the first centuries of our era. From these Runes were subsequently formed two alphabets, the old Scandinavian (whence again the Anglo-Saxon), as found on the Golden horn and the stone in Tune, and the later Scandinavian, in which the inscriptions in the greater number of the Swedish and Danish stone monuments are written, most being of the 10th (9th?) and following centuries.—A curious instance of the employment of Runes is their being written on a kefli (a round piece of wood) as messages (cp. the Gr. σκυτάλη), as is freq. recorded in the Sagas, e. g. Gísl. 45, 67, Fms. ix. 390, 490, Grett. 154 new Ed., Fb. i. 251 (of the deaf and dumb Oddny). It is doubtful whether poems were ever written in this way, for almost the only authority for such a statement is Eg. 605, where we read that the Sonatorrek was taken down on a Runic stick, the other instances being mostly from romances or fabulous Sagas, Grett. 144, Örvar Odds S.(fine). This writing on a kefli is mentioned in the Latin line, Barbara ‘fraxineis’ sculpatur runa ‘tabellis,’ Capella (5th century). In later times (from the 13th century) Runic writing was practised as a sort of curiosity; thus calendars used to be written on sticks, of which there is a specimen in the Bodl. Library in Oxford; they were also used for inscriptions on tombstones, spoons, chairs, and the like: there even exists in the Arna-Magn. Library a Runic MS. of an old Danish law, and there is a Runic letter in Sturl. (of the year 1241); Runes carved on an oar occur in Fs. 177: a hidden treasure in a chest is labelled with Runes, Fms. vi. 271, Sd. 146, cp. also the interesting record in Bs. i. 435 (sex manna bein vóru þar hjá honum ok vax ok rúnar þær er sögðu atburð lifláts þeirra).
    3. the word rún is also, though rarely, applied to the Latin alphabet; ef hann er á þingi þá skal hann rísta nafn hans ef hann kann rúnar, N. G. L. i. 171; or generally, ræki ek eigi hvárt þú rítr ø þitt eðr o,  eða a, ę eða e, y eða u, en ek svara svá, eigi er þat rúnanna kostr þó at þú lesir vel eða ráðir vel at líkindum, þar sem rúnar visa óskírt, heldr er þat þinn kostr, Thorodd 162; þessi er upphaf allra hátta svá sem málrúnar eru fyrir öðrum minum, Edda (Ht.) 121.
    III. in pr. names, Rún-ólfr: as the latter part in pr. names of women, Guð-rún, Sig-rún, Öl-rún, Landn., Nj., Bs., Sturl., Sæm.
    COMPDS: rúnakefli, rúnamál, Rúnameistari, rúnastafr.

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  • 86 SAMR

    (söm, samt), a.
    the def. form is used both with and without the preceding art. (inn, in, it);
    í sama húsi, in the same house;
    hann var s. í boðum sinum, the same, unaltered;
    svá fór sem samt sé, it turned out the same way;
    with dat., the same as;
    kom Guðrún eigi síðan í sömu rekkju Ólafi, into the same bed as Olaf;
    it sama, the same, likewise;
    2) agreeing, of one mind (hann var s. um yðra ferð);
    * * *
    adj., söm, samt. The definite weak form (sami, sama, sama, pl. sömu) has so far prevailed that the indefinite form chiefly remains in peculiar phrases, but not throughout the cases, gen. sams, sams dæmi, Am. 21; sams misscris, Gkv. i. 9; sams konar (but rare); sams héraðs, Grág. i. 92. 151: dat. sing. fem. samri (með samri grein), Dipl. v. 21: acc. sing. fem. sama, in the phrase, í sama sæing, see below: plur. samir, Bs. ii. 41; söm laun, Clar.: neut. samt, samt lag, Fms. xi. 55; but esp. as adverb, see below: but the acc. sing. masc. saman, acc. pl. sama, samar, gen. samra scarcely occur: even at the present day the indef. nom.is used only in peculiar phrases, thus náttúran er söm að sjá, Eggert; samr og jafn; so also in the instances where samr means agreeing, the indef. form only is used: [in Ulf. only the indef. form remains, sama = ὁ αὐτός; Dan.-Swed. samma; Engl. same; Old Engl. (and in Spenser) sam; but not in A. S.; same in English is therefore a borrowed Norse word, see Grimm’s Gramm. iii. 4, 5, and Mr. Earle’s Philol. of the Engl. Tongue; akin are Lat. simul and similis, Gr. ἄμα and ὁμοιος.]
    B. The same; the def. form is used both with and without the preceding article (inn in it); enna sömu, Grág. i. 92; í sama húsi, 329; ens sama konar, Skálda 165; þat sama. Fms. xi. 68; varð honum opt sama á munni, Fas. iii. 198; í sama stað, Fms. x. 132; sami ok í kveld, Grett. 98 A; sá er maðr enn sami, Fbr. 28; hann var samr í boðum sínum, the same, unaltered, Sturl. ii. 254; með samri grein, likewise, Dipl. v. 21; komask í samt lag, to become as before, Fms. xi. 55; svá fór sem samt sé, it turned out the same way, Fas. i. 128; enn er samt sem fyrra dag, Fms. vii. 146; enn er samt um viðrnefnit, ii. 51; samr hiti er þar jafnan, Al. 50; söm erfiðis-laun, Clar.; samir á svörum, Bs. ii. 41; at sömu, likewise, all the same, Hom. 70, Gþl. 405; it sama, the same, likewise, Hom. 27, 75, Vþm. 20, Gm. 15; svá it sama, Ísl. ii. 341: with dat., kom Guðrún eigi síðan í sama rekkju Ólafi, Hkr. i. 275; hvíla í sama sæing konu, to cohabit, Grág. i. 329; kom hón aldri í sama sæing Arngrími, she forsook him, never shared bed with him afterwards, Glúm. 374; í sama húsi konu þeirri, Grág. i. 314; maðr er moldu samr, Sól. 47.
    II. agreeing, willing, of one mind; sem sex skynsamir menn verða samir á, Gþl. 464; áðr hón telisk söm at ljá vápn, Fsm. 31; ek em samr at semja sverða leik, Draum.; seggr varð samr at þiggja bætr, Sturl. (in a verse); hann var samr um yðra ferð, Fb. i. 19; ek hefi verit ávalt úsamr ( unwilling) at eiga hlut í stórmálum, Sturl. iii. 7; samr á sáttir, to have a mind to peace, Jd. 23: worthy, slíkt em ek samr at ræða of þik, Líkn. 47; ú-samr e-s, averse to, Merl. 2. 2; hjálm-s., behelmed, Lex. Poët.
    III. samt, adv. continuously, together; viku alla í samt, Clem. 48; átta-tigi daga í samt, Bret. 50; fjórum sinnum í samt, Rb. 568; sjau vetr um samt, Sks. 113 B: allir samt, all together, Fms. ii. 261, [Old Engl. alle samen]; öll samt, 656 A. i. 2; öllum samt, Fms. i. 15; allt samt fjöri-tigir ok átta, Dipl. v. 18; báðir samt, bæði samt. Nj. 111, Ísl. ii. 213 (v. l.), Fms. ii. 49; einn samt, alone, ix. 25, (Germ. einsam); fyrir sjóninni einni samt, Edda 28: yet, all the same, Fas. i. 443 (paper MS.), freq. in mod. usage = Germ. zwar.
    C. -samr, -samligr, as inflex. suffix. like Engl. -some, as in gladsome, etc., see Gramm. p. xxxiii. (col. 2. VI.)

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  • 87 SÍÐA

    (að), v. to improve, esp. to reform the faith (s. land, fólk);
    refl., siðast, to be improved, civilized (þar eptir siðaðist landit).
    * * *
    1.
    u, f. [A. S. siðe; Engl. side; O. H. G. sita; Germ. seite]:— a side = Lat. latus; hljóp sverðit á síðuna, Nj. 262; leggja síður sínar við spjóts-oddum, Fms. xi. 30; millum síðu hans ok skyrtunnar, Bs. i. 44; konungr lagði hendr sínar yfir síðu Egils þar er verkrinn lá undir, Fms. iv. 369; reip sveigð at síðum mér, Sól. 37; hafa verk undir síðunni, to have a stitch in the side; síðu-stingr, siðu-verkr, a stitch in the side, side-ache; síðusár, a wound in the side, 625. 80; síðu-sárr, adj. wounded in the side, Str. 47; á síðu hestinum, Gullþ. 72.
    2. of meat, a side of meat; nauta-limir hálfr fjórði tigr, síður hálfr þriði tigr, Dipl. v. 18; síður af nauti allfeitar, Fms. x. 303; rauðar runa siður, red-smoked sides of bacon, vi. (in a verse).
    3. metaph. side, direction; á allar síður, to all sides, Fas. i. 5; á hverri heimsins síðu, Sks. 194 B; allar heimsins síður, id.
    II. a local name, coast, water-side; Balagarðs-síða, Kinnlima-síða, in the Baltic; Jótlands-síða, the west coast of Jutland; Hallands-síða, in Sweden, Fms. xii: or counties bordering on rivers, Temsar-síða, Thames-side, Fms. v. (in a verse); of a sloping county, Síða, in the east of Icel., whence Síðu-menn, m. pl. the men of S.; Síðu-hallr, m. the Hall of S.; Síðu-múli, Kristni S., Landn.; Hvítár-síða, Ægi-síða, map of Icel.
    2.
    a def. old strong verb, of which occur only the infin. pret. seið, Vsp. 25; pl. siðu, Ls. 29; part. siðit; and a weak pret. síddi: [seiðr, seiða]:— to work a charm through seiðr, q. v.; þeir létu síða í hundinn þriggya manna vit, Hkr. i. 136; stjúpmóðir Dómalda lét síða at honum úgæfu, 20; þá var siðit til þess, at …, 136; hann síddi þar ok var kallaðr skratti, Fms. x. 378; sízt at bræðr þínum siðu blíð regin, Ls. 29; seið hón leikin, Vsp. 25; seið Yggr til Rindar, Kormak, of a love charm.

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  • 88 SÍMA

    (pl. símu), n. cord, string.
    * * *
    n., pl. simu, Hkv. 1. 3, Skv. 2. 14, D. N. ii. 1035, declined like auga; the gen. plur. (símna) does not occur, [popular Norse and Dan. sîme]:—a rope, cord; þær ór sandi síma (simo or símu?) undu, Hbl. 18; þær um greiddu gullin símo, Hkv. l. c.; örlög-símo, Skv. l. c.; þeir er á lögðu byr-síma (acc. sing.) ok mik bundu, Vkv. 12; silki-síma, Lex. Poët.: in compds, hár-síma (Dan. haar-sime), a ribbon for the hair, Ragn S. (in a verse); lík-síma (q. v.), a leech-line; byr-síma, Vkv. l. c. (uncertain what kind of cord); brúna-síma = hársíma, Lex. Poët.; álm-síma, poët. a bow-string, Eg. (in a verse); varr-síma, ‘water-cord,’ the wake formed by a ship: cp. also gör-semi, q. v.

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  • 89 SKEÐJA

    (skeð, skadda, skaddr), v. to do scathe to, hurt, damage, with dat. (s. lífi e-s); ek skadda klæðum hans, I spoiled his clothes; axi var skatt, one ear of corn was damaged; with acc., þær þora ekki mýss s., they dare not do harm to mice.
    * * *
    pres. skeðr; pret. skaddi; the subj. skeddi does not occur; part. skaddr, skatt; [see skaða]:—to scathe, hurt, with acc.; skeðja líkami þeirra, H. E. ii. 68; ok vilda ek aldri skeðja, Fas. i. 209; ef maðr skeðr þar jörð, Grág. ii. 229; s. þá jörðu, 216; eigi á þá jörðu at s. ( to violate) til þess at grafa lík, K. Þ. K. 22; þær þora ekki mýss skeðja, Pr. 474.
    2. to do scathe to, damage, with dat.; iðrumk ek er ek skadda klæðum hans, that I spoiled his clothes, Sks. 720; þá á landeigandi þá sök, ef jörðu er skatt, Grág. ii. 337; svá at þú skeðir (subj.) jörðunni, Sks. 89 B; er hvergi s. hári sínu, Al. 68; s. váru ríki, 120; ekki má vápn s. henni, Karl. 461; engu hári var skatt, Fms. xi. 309; s. lífi þínu, Sks. 721; s. líkömum þeirra, H. E. i. 464; en þá er skorit er skeðr beini eðr brjóski, Grág. ii. 11; axi var skatt, one ear of corn was damaged, Fas. iii. 13.

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  • 90 skríti-ligr

    adj. funny, amusing. This word and derivatives, which are very freq. in mod. usage, seem not to occur in old writers, unless it be Post. 26 (paper MS.)

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  • 91 SPJÖR

    n. pl. [A. S. spere; Engl. spear; Germ. speer]:—a spear, only in plur. and poët. (neither gen. nor dat. occur), Edda (Gl.); erat audskept almanna spjör, ‘tis not easy to make spears for all men, i. e. to please all men, Ad. 21, cp. Hm. 127; dreyrug spjör, Höfuðl.; spjör gullu, spjör knáttu glymja, braka, spears clashed, etc., Lex. Poët.; rjóða spjör blóði, Nj. (in a verse).

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  • 92 SPÖLR

    (gen. spalar, pl. spelir, acc. spölu), m.
    1) rail, bar; smugu þeir milli spalanna, they crept between the bars;
    2) bit, short piece (hefja upp sögu ok segja af spöl nökkurn).
    * * *
    m., pl. spelir, gen. spala, acc. spölu (the gen. spalar and dat. speli hardly occur); [cp. Fr. espalier]:—a rail, bar, lattice-work; smugu þeir milli spalanna, Edda 30; ró-spölr, q. v.: bring-spelir (q. v.), ‘breast spars.’
    2. metaph. a bit, short piece; hefja upp sögu ok segja af spöl nokkurn, a bit of the story, Fms. vi. 355: a bit of a road, Bb. 3. 19.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > SPÖLR

  • 93 stallari

    m. a king’s marshal.
    * * *
    a, m. [through A. S. stallare, from Lat. stabularius], a king’s marshal; the word and title first occur in the reign of St. Olave (Björn stallari), Ó. H.; then Ülfr s., Har. S. Harð.; since freq. in Norway, stallara-sæti, stallara-stóll, Sks. 289, Hkr. iii. 181, N. G. L. ii. (Hirðskrá).

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > stallari

  • 94 STIGR

    (-s, ar; pl. -ar, -ir, acc. -a, -u), m. path;
    ryðja stíginn, to clear the way;
    taka úkunna stíga, to walk in unknown paths;
    stemma stíga fyrir e-m, to bar one’s way, cut one off;
    af hverjum stig, from everywhere.
    * * *
    (also sounded stígr, stíg and víg make rhyme in old poems), m., gen. stigs, dat. stig; n. pl. stigar, stiga, which forms seem older and better than stigir, stigu, which also occur: [A. S. stíg; Early Engl. stie; Engl. stair; Dan. sti; Germ. steg; cp. North. E. stye or stie, a steep ascent or pass, as in stye-head Pass]:—a path, footway; sveinarnir hljópu þegar á stiginn er heim lá til bæjarins, Fms. ii. 100; sá er stigana hafði bannat, Fs. 5; dreif liðit af hverjum stig (dat.). Anal. 88; ok ferr þá stigu, Edda 44; taka úkunna stiga, to walk in unknown paths, Fms, viii. 30; kanna ókunna stigu, to visit unknown paths, i. e. foreign lands; ganga þessa stigu, Fs. 32; þóttú lafir á stigum, id.; hylr stigu alla, of snow, Gísl. 28 (drífr í stigu alla, 112. l. c.); stemma stiga fyrir e-m, to bar one’s way, cut one off, Róm. 213; vega ok stiga, ways and paths, Sks. 625 B; götu ok stigu, Greg. 31; ryðja stiginn, to rid or clear the way, Eg. 289; af-stigr, Fs. 5; hjá-stigr, a by-path; leyni-stigr (q. v.), a hidden path; gagn-stígr, a ‘gain-path,’ short cut; glap-stigr, vil-stigr, stafkarls-stigr, ein-stigi, q. v. stiga-maðr, m. a highwayman. Eg. 537, Fs. 8, Gullþ. 10, Fms. v. 46; stigamenn ok ránsmenn, Hkr. ii. 336.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > STIGR

  • 95 stjórr

    m. [Ulf. stiurs; A. S. steôr, stirc; Engl. steer; North. E. and Scot. stirk; Germ. stier]:—a steer, stirk, young bull, an obsolete word, which seems to occur in Edda i. 460 (in a verse), unless the true reading be stjórnviðjar, q. v. The word may be preserved in such local names as Stjóra-dalr, and prob. in the dimin. Sturla, q. v. (qs. stjuri-la).

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > stjórr

  • 96 SYND

    * * *
    (pl. -ir), f. sin.
    * * *
    f., older form syn-ð, syn-þ, shewing that the d is inflexive, svnþ, svnþir ( sins), Mar. pref. xxxii, xxxiii, Eluc., Greg., passim; [A. S. syn and synn, whence the Norse word may have been borrowed when Christianity came in, for it does not occur in poets of the heathen age; Engl. sin; Germ. sünde; Dan. synd]:— a sin (it prop. means ‘negation, denial,’ no doubt referring to denial by oath of compurgators, ordeal, or the like). Mar., Stj., Bs., H. E., passim in old and mod. writers in an eccl. sense only, for the very word implies a Christian, not a heathen, notion (the heathens said glæpr or the like); synda-freistni, bót, auki, band, bruni, byrðr, dauði, daunn, díki, flekkr, fýsi, gjald, görð, iðran, játning, kyn, lausn, lifnaðr (líf), líkn, saurgan, saurr, sár, sótt, verk, = the temptation, atonement …, sickness, work of sin, H. E. i. 462, 522, Greg. 9, 18, 19, 22, 45, 46, 73, K. Á. 76, Stj. 51, 119, 123, 142, 145, 162, 220, Rb. 82, 400, Hom. 5, 11, 41, 48, 59, 73, Vm. 84, Magn. 542, and passim; synda far, Stj. 123; synda þræll, Hom. 94.
    COMPDS: syndafullr, syndalauss, syndaliga, syndaligr, syndamaðr, syndaþræll.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > SYND

  • 97 TELJA

    * * *
    (tel; talda; taliðr, taldr, talinn), v.
    1) to count, number (G. biskup hafði telja látit bœndr á Íslandi);
    telja kyn sitt til e-s, eiga til e-s at telja, to trace one’s descent from;
    þótt þú eigir frændsemi at telja við mik, though thou canst reckon thyself my kith and kin;
    2) to tell, say, set forth;
    hann taldi litla sína fýsi at róa lengra, he said that he had little mind for rowing farther;
    telja tölu, to make a speech, preach a sermon;
    3) to reckon, consider (H. telr sik nú hraustari mann en áðr var hann);
    telja sér e-t, to claim for oneself, reckon as one’s property (Þ. krókr taldi sér dalinn, ok kallaði hann þat sitt landnám);
    4) telja fyrir vindi, to go well before the wind, of a ship (skipin voru örskreið ok töldu vel fyrir vindinum);
    5) with preps., telja e-t af, to dissuade;
    telja e-t af fyrir e-m, to dissuade one from;
    telja at e-u, to blame, find fault with, object to (man ek ekki at telja, þó at þú trúir á þat goð, er þér líkar);
    telja á e-n, to rebuke, blame;
    telja e-t eptir e-m, to grudge one a thing (ekki tel ek mat eptir ykkr);
    telja fyrir e-m, to try to persuade one (S. boðaði Þangbrandi heiðni ok taldi lengi fyrir honum);
    telja trú fyrir e-m, to preach the gospel to one;
    telja e-t ofan, to dissuade from;
    telja til e-s, to claim (taldi hann til ríkis);
    telja e-t upp, to enumerate, reckon up (þá taldi Þ. upp konur þær, sem vóru í Borgarfirði úgiptar);
    6) refl., teljast undan e-u, to decline, refuse (telst hann undan förinni).
    * * *
    pres. tel, telr, tel, pl. teljum, telit, telja; pret. talði and taldi, pl. tölðu; subj. telði; imperat. tel, teldú; part. taliðr, taldr, and talinn; neut. older form talt, then talið: plur. neut. talið, Gh. 20; thus in Edda i. 401, v. l. 22, all forms occur, tolð, taulld, i. e. töld, talin, see also the references below: with pron. suff. tel-k, Stor. 22: neg. suff. telr-at, Grág. (Kb.) i. 178: [A. S. tellan, telian; Engl. tell; Dan. tælle; Germ. zählen.]
    B. To tell, count, number; árum at telja, Vsp. 6; nú hefi ek dverga talða, 12; meðan teljum hans ætt til goða, Ht., Vsp. 14; talði aura, Skv. 3. 37; t. fé í haga, skalat fyl telja, Grág. ii. 258; skalat úmögum fé t., K. Þ. K. 142; t. ætt e-s, Mar.; töldu margir kyn sitt til hans, Ld. 12; sá maðr talði frændsemi, telja knérunnum, … ef maðr telr rangt, Grág. i. 28; talðir til arfs, 172; talðir, Edda i. 482; þótt þú eigir frændsemi at t. við mik, Nj. 42: t. sér e-t, to claim; Þórarinn krókr taldi sér dalinn, Gullþ. 4; þá taldi hann til ríkis, Fb. ii. 70.
    II. to tell, say, mention; ef it betra telk, Stor.; fyr telja (Dan. fortælle) fornspjöll, Vsp. 1; telja böl af trega, … t. móðug spjöll, … trauðmál talið, … tregróf um talið, to tell a woful tale, Og. 12, Gh. 1, 9, 21; t. tíva fyr fyrða liði, to tell tales of the gods before men, Hm. 160: to call, say, þat tel ek undr, Yt.; hann talði litla sína fýsi at róa lengra, he said he had little mind for roving farther, Hým. 20; talði honum happ ef …, Am. 87; lífs tel ek ván önga, 88; as a law term in pleading in court, tel ek ( I declare) hann eiga at verða um sök þá sekan, Nj. 229; tel ek hann af sök þeirri sekjan fjörbaugs-mann, Grág. i. 365, 366; eigi síðarr enn nú er talið, told, 18; þá talði Þórðr Gellir tölu um at Lögbergi, … ok talði hvat honum varð fyrir, áðr …, then Thord Gellir spoke at length on the Law-hill, and told how much trouble it cost him, ere …, Jb. 8.
    2. to talk, speak; Skeggi kvað engan mann t. af sér þat er hann ætti, talk it from him, talk him out of his own property, Grett. 93 A; telr hann merkiliga tölu, preached a remarkable sermon, Bs. i. 465; fær Porus talt huginn í þá, he put courage into them by his speech, Al. 142; talði hann honum allt hversu hann kom þangat, Str. 10; Saulus talði á mót Gyðingum, spoke against the Jews, 656 C. 13; Gyðingar tölðu i gegn Páli, 15; Guð, sá er svá telr (tölr Cod.) ‘gefit allt’…, Blas. 43; tjá ok telja, Fms. ii. 157.
    III. with prepp.; telja af, to dissuade, Eg. 765: telja at e-u, to blame, find fault with, object to, Fms. i. 35, x. 38, Eg. 252, Nj. 66: t. á e-n, to charge (átölur); með því at hvárir-tveggi teli nökkut á aðra, Fms. x. 28; þeir þóttusk mikit eiga at telja á við Dani, 50, Nj. 26; er talið einlát á hendr honum, he is charged with ‘einlát, Grág. i. 178, Ld. 282: t. fram, to tell out, count out; t. kvið fram, Grág. i. 53; t. vætti fram, Nj. 233: t. eptir, to grudge. Fms. ii. 150 (eptir-tölur): t. ofan, to dissuade, xi. 11: t. upp, to tell up, enumerate, Nj. 22, Fms. i. 21, 80: t. fyr, to tell, narrate, record (Dan. fortælle), Vsp. 1; t. fyrir e-m, to persuade (for-tölur), Nj. 160; t. trú fyrir e-m, to preach the gospel for one, 623. 28, 656 C. 19: t. til, to claim, Eg. 338, Fms. xi. 388; t. til við e-n, to count, plead; á ek hvárki at t. til við þik mægðir né frændsemi, Nj. 213; skaltú til telja skatna marga, Hdl.: t. um e-t, langt es um þat at telja, ‘tis a long tale to tell, 655 xiii. A. 2; t. um fyrir e-m, to persuade, Fms. xi. 105: t. við, to speak against, Greg. 29.
    IV. the naut. term, telja fyrir vindi, to be going well through the water, of a ship, but only in the pret.; var byrr góðr ok tölðu (tolþo Cod.) snekkjurnar ekki lengi fyrir vindi, the wind was fair, and the smacks were making good way, Ó. H. 104; töldu snekkjurnar ekki lengi fjörðinn fyrir vindinum, Fms. iv. 237, l. c.; skipin vóru örskreið ok töldu vel fyrir vindinum, the ships were fast, and went well before the wind, i. 100; töldu snekkjurnar skjótt fyrir vindinum, Orkn. 412; the phrase is now obsolete, but an analogy is found in lesa (lesa …, esp. as in the phrase lesa hafit, Fs. 28).
    V. reflex., telsk saman frændsemi þeirra, they prove to be relations, N. G. L. i. 350; ekki var ek hér til með þjófum talin, Fms. vi. 106; em ek eigi ráðspakr taliðr, Skv. 1; þú munt taliðr ættar-spillir, Ísl. ii. (in a verse); teljask með dugandi mönnum, Fms. xi. 270; í Bjarka-málum eru tölð (tóð Kb. erroneously) mörg gulls heiti, Edda i. 400, v. l. 22; engi fær talt með tungu, Líkn.; nú hefi ek talt tíu landreka, Fb. ii. 524 (in a verse); er þat enn útalt ( untold) at …, Fms. vi. 222; svá mikit sem til telsk, in proportion (til-tala), Grág. i. 270; þat telsk svá til, it turns out, of accounts; teljask undan, to excuse oneself, decline, Fms. iii. 109, x. 99, Nj. 200.
    2. to say of oneself; teljumk ek nú aðili at sök þeirri, Grág. i. 365, 366; talðisk eigi vita sér ván verka-manna, told that he knew of none, Edda 48; telsk mér þat helzt í hug (Lat. animum inducere), Eg. 521; þat talðisk lengstum í huginn at hugsa, ef …, Ó. H. 195; þeir tölðusk ílla við komnir, 51.
    3. part., talið silfr, counted silver, i. e. the wadmal-standard, opp. to vegit, Grág. i. 500; ú-taldr, untold, uncounted; van-talið, of-talið.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > TELJA

  • 98 tíðindi

    n. pl. tidings, news, events; þú skalt eigi kunna frá tíðindum at segja, thou shall not be left alive to tell the tale; gerast (verða) til tíðinda, to happen, occur (verðr ekki til tíðinda); mun þetta vita tíðinda, this forebodes great tidings; er þetta var tíðinda, when this happened.
    * * *
    n. pl. [Engl. tidings is a Norse word, d having been changed into g; Dan. tidende; Ormul. tiþennde]:—tidings, news; meiri t. ok undarligri, Fms. ii. 194; hver t., xi. 102; þá er hann frétti þau t. er mikils vóru verð, Eg. 51; Björn spurði þessi t., 160; sögðu þeir þau t., at …, 168; segja Snorra Goða þessi t., Ld. 224; spyrr Helgi hvat hann sæi til tíðenda, 172; þú skalt eigi þurfa frá tíðendum at segja, be left to report the tidings, Nj. 8, Bs. i. 521; segja t. sunnan ór héraðinu, Ísl. ii. 333; spurðusk þessi t. um allar Færeyjar, Fær. 33; eigi kæmi þau t. til eyrna mér at mér þætti verri, Nj. 64; mikil t., great tidings, Ld. 326, Edda 12; sagði Bragi Ægi frá mörgum tíðindum þeim er Æsir höfðu átt, 45; en sömu tíðendi, 655 i. 1; ný tíðindi, new tidings; forn t., old tales, Ht. R. 2; íll t., ill tidings, Hom. 150; góð t., good tidings; smá t., Ó. H. 85; spyrja almæltra tíðenda, the news of the day, Eb. 250; þeir kvöddusk ok spurðusk almæltra tíðenda, Band. 2.
    2. news, an event; hann sá tíðendi görva á Gullteig, he saw clearly what happened to G., Ísl. ii. 349; er þetta var tíðenda, happened, Fb. i. 127; vita tíðenda, to be important, ii. 87 (gegna tíðendum, ÓH. l. c.); verða til tíðenda, to betide, happen, Ó. H. 120; við staddr þau in miklu t. er …, Fms. vi. 186; hér segir frá þeim tíðendum, sem nú hafa verit um hríð, viii. 5; eptir þessi t., x. 1.
    COMPDS: tíðendalaust, tíðendapati, tíðendasaga, tíðindaSkopti, tíðendaspurn, tíðindasögn, tíðendavænligr, tíðendavænn.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > tíðindi

  • 99 TÓA

    u, f. (qs. tófa); [this word, at present the general name for the fox, seems not to occur in old writers (cp. fóa, refr, melrakki), not even among the names of foxes, Edda ii. 490; but it occurs in the modern rhyme quoted by Maurer, 169; the etymology is not certain, between the two vowels some consonant has been absorbed, perh. f, qs. tófa, from the fox’s tufted tail; or, it may be akin to tæfa, týja (q. v.), Dan. tæve = a dam with cubs.]
    B. A fox, passim in mod. usage; aldrei tryggist tóa | þó tekin sé úr henni róa, Hallgr.; aldrei verðr tóan tryggð | teigað hefir hún lamba blóð, | sízt er von á djúpri dyggð | dóttir Skolla er ekki góð, a ditty; there are in Icel. rhymed fables called Tóu-kvæði = Fox-songs; one at least (not published) is attributed to Hallgrim Pétrsson (17th century); but the earliest is the Skaufala-bálkr, cp the words grýla, refr, skröggr, skaufali, mel-rakki (see melr).
    COMPDS: tóu-skinn, tóu-skott, n. a fox-skin, fox-tail. tóu-yrlingr, m. a fox-cub.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > TÓA

  • 100 uggi

    * * *
    a, m. a fin of a rish; eyr-uggi, a fore fin; bak-uggi, a back fin; the word seems, strange to say, not to occur in old writers; cp. the following word.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > uggi

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См. также в других словарях:

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