occupō

oppugno ( obp-), āvi, ātum (old inf. fut. oppugnassere, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 55; v. Roby, Gram. 1, 197 sq.), 1, v. a. [obpugno], to fight against, to attack, assail, assault, storm, besiege, war with (class.; cf.: obsideo, occupo).

Lit.:

omnes Galliae civitates ad se oppugnandum venisse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 44:

aggeribus, vineis, turribus oppugnabam oppidum,

Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 3; id. Imp. Pomp. 8, 20; id. Har. Resp. 4, 6: castra, Caes. B. G. 6, 41:

locum,

id. ib. 5, 21: clamor oppugnantis, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 375 Müll. (Ann. v. 408 Vahl.):

castelli oppugnandi spes,

Liv. 21, 57:

se Macedoniam oppugnaturum dicebat,

id. 42, 32:

oppugnante aliquo,

Just. 9, 5, 4:

quoniam externo hoste oppugnarentur,

id. 18, 2, 2:

Methonam urbem,

id. 7, 6, 14:

25, 4, 7: nos et civitatem,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 11, 50.—

Trop., to attack, assault, assail:

non oportuisse Metellum, patrem tuum, oppugnari a me,

Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 6:

pecuniā aliquem,

id. ib. 1, 1, 1:

rem,

id. de Or. 2, 38, 161:

aliquem clandestinis consiliis,

id. Or. 66, 223:

aequitatem verbis,

id. Caecin. 24, 67:

consilia alicujus,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 154:

delictum,

id. Bacch. 5, 2, 52:

senem,

to lay siege to, circumvent, id. Ep. 1, 2, 60: sonipes celer... Oppugnat frenis, struggles against, resists, Coripp. Joann. 4, 468.

oppugno ( obp-), no perf., ātum, 1, v. a. [ob-pugnus], to beat with fists, to buffet (Plautin.):

os,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 56.

occŭpātĭo, ōnis, f. [occupo], a taking possession of a thing; a seizing, occupying (class.).

Lit. (very rare):

fori,

Cic. Dom. 3:

vetus,

a taking possession, seizure, id. Off. 1, 7, 21.—

Transf.

Rhet. t. t.: ante occupatio, an anticipation of an opponent's objections, Cic. de Or. 3, 53, 205 (but in Auct. Her. 4, 27, 37, the true reading is occultatio, q. v.).—

A business, employment, occupation (the usual meaning, esp. of public service; cf.

studium): in maximis occupationibus tuis numquam intermittis studia doctrinae,

Cic. Or. 10, 34:

maximis occupationibus distinebar,

id. Fam. 12, 30, 2:

nullis occupationibus inplicatus,

id. N. D. 1, 19, 51:

ille aut occupatione aut difficultate tardior tibi erit visus,

id. Fam. 7, 17, 2:

ab omni occupatione se expedire,

id. Att. 3, 20, 2:

relaxare se occupatione,

id. ib. 16, 16, 2.—With gen.:

neque has tantularum rerum occupationes sibi Britanniae anteponendas judicabat,

engaging in such trivial affairs, Caes. B. G. 4, 22.

oppugno ( obp-), āvi, ātum (old inf. fut. oppugnassere, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 55; v. Roby, Gram. 1, 197 sq.), 1, v. a. [obpugno], to fight against, to attack, assail, assault, storm, besiege, war with (class.; cf.: obsideo, occupo).

Lit.:

omnes Galliae civitates ad se oppugnandum venisse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 44:

aggeribus, vineis, turribus oppugnabam oppidum,

Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 3; id. Imp. Pomp. 8, 20; id. Har. Resp. 4, 6: castra, Caes. B. G. 6, 41:

locum,

id. ib. 5, 21: clamor oppugnantis, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 375 Müll. (Ann. v. 408 Vahl.):

castelli oppugnandi spes,

Liv. 21, 57:

se Macedoniam oppugnaturum dicebat,

id. 42, 32:

oppugnante aliquo,

Just. 9, 5, 4:

quoniam externo hoste oppugnarentur,

id. 18, 2, 2:

Methonam urbem,

id. 7, 6, 14:

25, 4, 7: nos et civitatem,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 11, 50.—

Trop., to attack, assault, assail:

non oportuisse Metellum, patrem tuum, oppugnari a me,

Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 6:

pecuniā aliquem,

id. ib. 1, 1, 1:

rem,

id. de Or. 2, 38, 161:

aliquem clandestinis consiliis,

id. Or. 66, 223:

aequitatem verbis,

id. Caecin. 24, 67:

consilia alicujus,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 154:

delictum,

id. Bacch. 5, 2, 52:

senem,

to lay siege to, circumvent, id. Ep. 1, 2, 60: sonipes celer... Oppugnat frenis, struggles against, resists, Coripp. Joann. 4, 468.

oppugno ( obp-), no perf., ātum, 1, v. a. [ob-pugnus], to beat with fists, to buffet (Plautin.):

os,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 56.

per-cĭpĭo, cēpi, ceptum, 3 (old form of the pluperf. percepset for percepisset, Poët. ap. Cic. Off. 3, 26, 98; v. Trag. Rel. p. 207 Rib.), v. a. [capio], to take wholly, to seize entirely (cf. occupo).

Lit.

To take possession of, to seize, occupy:

mihi horror misero membra percipit dictis tuis,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 66:

priusquam percipit (eum) insania,

id. Men. 5, 5, 22; id. Stich. 2, 2, 17:

neque urbis odium me umquam percipit,

Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 2:

vitae percipit humanos odium,

Lucr. 3, 80; 5, 605.—

To take to one's self, to assume:

varii sensus animantibus insunt, quorum quisque suam proprie rem percipit in se,

Lucr. 6, 985:

rigorem,

Ov. M. 4, 745:

colorem,

Plin. 21, 5, 13, § 26:

sucum thymi,

Col. 11, 3, 40.—

To get, obtain, receive:

serere, percipere, condere fructus,

to gather, collect, Cic. Sen. 7, 24:

praemia,

Caes. B. C. 2, 32:

fructum ex oleā,

Plin. 15, 1, 1, § 3:

civitatem ab aliquo,

Just. 43, 5, 13:

hereditatem,

Suet. Tib. 15; Petr. 141.—

Trop. (so most freq. in class. lang.; syn.: sentio, intellego, comprehendo).

To perceive, observe:

ne, quod hic agimus, erus percipiat fieri,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 2:

quod neque oculis, neque auribus, neque ullo sensu percipi potest,

Cic. Or. 2, 8:

crebraeque nunc querelae, nunc minae percipiebantur,

were heard, Caes. B. C. 3, 84; Liv. 2, 3, 5:

quae dicam,

i. e. hear, Cic. Cat. 1, 11, 27:

et aures, cum sonum percipere debeant,

id. N. D. 2, 56, 141; so,

percipe auribus,

hear, give ear, Vulg. Psa. 16, 1 et saep.—

To feel:

neque majorem voluptatem ex infinito tempore aetatis percipi posse, quam ex hoc percipiatur,

Cic. Fin. 1, 19, 63:

voluptatem,

id. ib. 1, 11, 37:

luctus,

id. Fam. 14, 11:

dolores,

id. ib. 14, 11:

gaudia,

Ov. P. 2, 1, 60.—

To learn, [p. 1335] know, conceive, comprehend, understand, perceive, etc.:

res percepta et cognita,

Cic. Ac. 2, 14, 44:

percipere et comprehendere,

id. ib. 2, 8, 26:

cognosci et percipi posse,

id. Fin. 1, 19, 64:

aliquid animo,

id. de Or. 1, 28, 127:

artificium aliquod,

id. ib. 1, 28, 127:

virtutem et humanitatem,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 10:

philosophiam,

id. de Or. 1, 51, 219:

praecepta artis,

id. Off. 1, 18, 60:

omnium civium nomina perceperat,

knew, id. Sen. 7, 21:

nomen Graecum, sed perceptum usu a nostris,

known, id. N. D. 2, 36, 91.—Hence, perceptus, a, um, P. a., perceived, observed. —Hence, subst.: percep-ta, ōrum, n., doctrines, principles, rules of an art or science: percepta appello, quae dicuntur Graecis theôrêmata, Cic. Fat. 6, 11. — Sing.:

pro percepto liquere,

as proved, certain, Gell. 14, 1, 11.

possīdo, sēdi, sessum, 3, v. a. [causat. of possideo, q. v.].

Lit., to take possession of, to possess one's self of (class.; cf.:

habeo, occupo, potior): bona alicujus sine testamento,

Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 283: regnum, Auct. B. Alex. 34.—Of inanim. subjects ( poet. and in post-class. prose):

aër omne possidat inane,

Lucr. 1, 386:

circumfluus humor Ultima possedit,

took possession of, Ov. M. 1, 31:

ignis cuncta possedit,

Just. 2, 1, 14.—

Trop., to take possession of, possess itself of, to occupy (class.):

brevi tempore totum hominem, totamque ejus praeturam possederat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 68, § 158.<

pŏtĭor, ītus, 4 ( inf. pres. potirier, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 66.—Acc. to the third conj., potĭtur, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 274 Müll. or Ann. v. 78 Vahl.; Verg. A. 3, 56:

capto potĭmur mundo,

Manil. 4, 882; Ov. M. 13, 130; Cat. 64, 402.—Potītur. only in Prisc. 881, and Ov. H. 14, 113. So, poti for potiri, Pac. ap. Non. 475, 29; Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 3, 5, acc. to Trag. Rel. p. 56 Rib., and Enn. Trag. v. 260 Vahl.— Act. collat. form pŏtĭo, īre; v. 2. potio), v. dep. n. [potis].

Lit., to become master of, to take possession of, to get, obtain, acquire, receive; constr. with gen., acc., abl., and absol. (class.; syn.: occupo, invado).

With gen.:

illius regni potiri,

Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 5:

urbis potiri,

Sall. C. 47, 2:

vexilli,

Liv. 25, 14:

nemini in opinionem veniebat Antonium rerum potiturum,

Nep. Att. 9, 6:

voti,

Sil. 15, 331.—

With acc. (mostly ante- and post-class.; not in Cic.): regnum, Pac. ap. Non. 481, 32:

sceptrum,

Att. ib. 30; cf.:

Homerus sceptra potitus,

Lucr. 3, 1038:

oppidum, Auct. B. Hisp. 13: summum imperii,

to get possession of the supreme dominion, Nep. Eum. 3, 4; cf.:

regni Persarum potiundi,

id. Ages. 4, 2:

spes urbis potiundae,

Caes. B. G. 2, 7, 2; 3, 6, 2:

in spe urbis hostium potiundae,

Liv. 8, 2, 5; Curt. 8, 11, 19.—

With abl.:

ille hodie si illā sit potitus muliere,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 6, 9:

natura iis potiens,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 18, 41:

si ad decem milia annorum gentem aliquam urbe nostra potituram putem,

id. ib. 1, 37, 90 B. and K.:

imperio totius Galliae,

Caes. B. G. 1, 2:

victoriā,

id. ib. 3, 24:

impedimentis castrisque,

id. ib. 1, 21:

sceptro,

Ov. H. 14, 113: pane, Lucil. ap. Prisc. p. 881 P.: thalamo, Naev. ib.—

Absol.:

libidines ad potiundum incitantur,

Cic. Sen. 12, 39:

potiendi spe inflammati,

id. Fin. 1, 18, 60.—

Transf., to be master of, to have, hold, possess, occupy; with gen., acc., abl., and absol. (class.; syn.: fruor, utor).

With gen.:

Cleanthes solem dominari et rerum potiri putat,

has the chief power in the universe, Cic. Ac. 2, 41, 126:

civitas Atheniensium, dum ea rerum potita est,

id. Rosc. Am. 25, 70:

potiente rerum patre,

Tac. H. 3, 74.—

With acc.:

laborem hunc potiri,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 3, 5:

patria potitur commoda,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 17:

gaudia,

id. ib. 22.—

With abl.:

frui iis (voluptatibus), quibus senectus, etiam si non abunde potitur, non omnino caret,

Cic. Sen. 14, 48:

oppido,

Liv. 6, 33:

monte,

have climbed, Ov. M. 5, 254.—

Absol.:

qui tenent, qui potiuntur,

Cic. Att. 7, 12, 3.

pŏtītus, a, um, Part., in a pass. signif., v. 2. potio.

pŏtĭor, ĭus, comp. of potis.

prae-occŭpo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. (class., but not in Cic., since praecepit is the true read., Cic. Phil. 10, 1, 2).

To seize upon, to take possession of or occupy beforehand, to preoccupy.

Lit.:

hic ne intrare posset saltum, Datames praeoccupare studuit,

Nep. Dat. 7, 2:

Macedoniam,

id. Eum. 2, 4:

loca opportuna,

Liv. 44, 3; 35, 28; 42, 47:

iter,

Caes. B. C. 3, 13:

Asiam,

Vell. 2, 69, 2; cf.:

praeoccupatum sese legatione ab Cn. Pompeio,

Caes. B. C. 2, 17.—

To take, catch, detect, seize in an act:

si praeoccupatus fuerit homo in delicto,

Vulg. Gal. 6, 1.—

Trop.:

animos timor praeoccupaverat,

Caes. B. G. 6, 41, 3:

hilaritas praeoccupaverat mentes,

Petr. 113:

praeoccupati beneficio animi,

i. e. won over beforehand, Liv. 6, 20, 10:

aures,

id. 38, 10.—

To anticipate, prevent:

ne alter alterum praeoccuparet,

Nep. Dion, 4, 1.—With obj.clause (like the simpler occupare):

legem de multarum aestimatione ipsi praeoccupaverunt ferre,

hastened to bring the bill sooner before the people, Liv. 4, 30, 3.